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739:, founded in 1904, contributed to some escalation of the hostilities and became more active during the over few years. It started its campaign of assassinations and robberies mostly from 1906, but it grew much less active towards the end of the decade. Piłsudski's faction was temporarily weakened, and the PPS split; however, by 1909, Piłsudski's faction had again regained prominence on the Polish underground political scene. Piłsudski eventually succeeded in securing Polish independence and became an important political figure in
508:
491:. Throughout that period, many smaller demonstrations and armed struggles between the peasants and workers on one side and the government on the other took place. The demands of the demonstrators included the improvement of the workers' living conditions, as well as political freedoms, particularly related to increased autonomy for Poland. Particularly in 1905, Poland was at the verge of a new uprising, revolution or civil war. Some Polish historians even consider the events of that period a
50:
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Most of the unrest occurred in 1905, but until 1906-1907, worker unrest, demonstrations and occasional armed clashes continued to occur in Poland. Strikes in Łódź continued until mid-1907, when only the large
Russian military presence and mass layoffs of striking workers from the factories pacified
617:, the former capital of Poland and another major industrial centre, uprisings and demonstrations were common. There was a general strike in Warsaw on January 14 and over 90 fatalities in the city over the next few days. On January 17, the Russian government declared that Warsaw was under a state of
643:
all over Poland that lasted for four weeks. That was only a prelude to an even larger series of strikes that rocked Poland over next year. In 1905 to 1906, close to 7,000 strikes and other work stoppages occurred, involving 1.3 million Poles. Protesters demanded improved conditions for workers and
608:
During the 19th century, Łódź had become a major Polish industrial centre. h
Heavily urbanized and industrialized, it was a stronghold of the socialist movement. By January 22, 1905, workers in Łódź had been strike, and on January 31, tsarist police reported that the strikers carried placards with
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and demand the right to study in the Polish language. They were joined by high school pupils and even some from the elementary schools. The
Russian government gave in and agreed to some concessions towards the Polish nationalist movement by removing some restrictions on the use of Polish in the
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Another consequence was the evolution of Polish political parties and thought. National consciousness had risen among the Polish peasants. Despite the failure to achieve the most radical goals of the revolution, the
Russian government conceded some of the demands, both in the social and in the
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saw several days of fighting within the cities and over 2000 casualties, including over 100 fatalities among the civilians. Several protests and strikes occurred in major Polish cities under
Russian control throughout the year, but as the Polish journalist
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653:), and about 30 people were shot during a demonstration in Warsaw. Later that month, public order disintegrated in Warsaw for a time during a spontaneous campaign against both the criminal elements and the Russian collaborators.
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classrooms, many, particularly the workers, were still dissatisfied. In some places in Poland, the school strikes lasted for nearly three years. Major demonstrations occurred on May 1 (
17:
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487:). It was the largest wave of strikes and widest emancipatory movement that Poland had ever seen until the 1970s and the 1980s. One of the major events of that period was the
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the city. The unrest in Poland forced the
Russians to keep an army of 250,000-300,000 soldiers there, an army even larger than the one fighting the Japanese in the east.
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believed that Poles must show their determination to regain independence through active, violent protests against the
Russians. This view was not shared by
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political spheres, which counteracted the defeatist feelings among many Poles, who still remembered the total defeat of previous uprisings. In particular,
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wrote, the Łódź insurrection was the most dramatic one. The
Russian government contributed to the chaos by trying to incite some anti-Jewish
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590:. The National Democrats believed that the Poles should work together with the Russian authorities and increase their representation in the
250:
559:
1324:
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In August 1907 in Łódź, at least 30 men were killed during a disruptive strike, and shops were forced to close. The power plant for an
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and into
Russian-controlled Poland. This was capitalized on by factions in Russia and Poland that wanted more or less radical changes.
1281:
Aleksander
Lednicki : a Pole among Russians, a Russian among Poles : Polish-Russian reconciliation in the Revolution of 1905
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more political freedom for the Poles. By February, students at Polish universities had joined the demonstrations to protest
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Zamoyski, Adam The Polish Way A Thousand-Year History of the Poles and their Culture, London: John Murray Ltd, 1987
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he Struggle for National School in the Kingdom of Poland in the Years 1905-1907 (A Centenary of the School Strike)
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488:
1243:, Rozprawy z Dziejow Oswiaty (Studies in the History of Education), year: 2005, vol: 44, number:, pages: 75-103,
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596:(Russian parliament), while the PPS Left wanted to work together with Russian revolutionaries to topple the
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In mid-June 1905, Russian police opened fire on one of many workers' demonstrations in Łódź. The resulting
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1061:, (Józef Piłsudski: Dreamer and Strategist), Tom pierwszy (first tome), Wydawnictwo ALFA, Warsaw, 1997,
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and saw the creation of a socialist society as more important than Polish independence.
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Barricades and Banners: The Revolution of 1905 and the Transformation of Warsaw Jewry
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472:
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Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. Monografia historyczna miasta, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski 1997
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1144:"MANY KILLED IN LODZ.; Troops and Rioters in Battles -- All Business Suspended"
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527:; the economy of the Kingdom of Poland was also being significantly hit by the
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75:
1236:, Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, 1986
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that existed from October to November 1905. A similar socialist state of the
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policies further aggravated the Polish population. News and attitudes of the
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in the city was also shut down, and streetcars were turned into barricades.
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In the meantime, two factions among the Polish political leaders clashed.
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792:(Spring of year 1905). Cossack patrol escorting teenage insurrectionists.
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The Polish Insurrection of 1905 during the Russian Revolution of 1905
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called for a general strike. Over 400,000 workers became involved in
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516:
1227:
1211:
1208:
1302:
1214:
1226:, Slavic Review, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Winter, 1988), pp. 667–686,
847:
Tych, Feliks (2018). "Przedmowa". In Wielgosz, Przemysław (ed.).
674:
597:
135:
1224:
The Revolution of 1905-1907 and the Crisis of Polish Catholicism
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Miodowa Street in Warsaw, 1906, just after a PPS bomb explosion.
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535:; by late 1904 over 100,000 Polish workers had lost their jobs.
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of 1901-1903) contributed to mounting political tensions in the
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476:
227:
119:
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Revolution in the countryside : Russian Poland, 1905-1906
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551:(where demonstrators were massacred on January 22) across the
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685:), a Polish socialist statelet centred around the region of
677:. Another notable occurrence was the establishment of the
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Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
1749:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe
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website about the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland
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existed from late December 1905 to mid-January 1906.
851:. Instytut Wydawniczy „Książka i Prasa”. p. 9.
511:
Kingdom of Poland, administrative divisions in 1907
1274:Rewolucja 1905-1907 w Królestwie Polskim i w Rosji
152:Stronnictwo Polityki Realnej (Real Politics Party)
1252:, Thesis (M.A.)--San Jose State University, 1982.
971:, Encyklopedia Interia, retrieved on 8 April 2008
937:
935:
737:Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party
1680:
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35:Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland in 1905–1907
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751:was partially reversed in education in Poland.
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18:Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–07)
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1124:, 2005-12-09, Retrieved on 9 October 2007.
896:The Revolution of 1905: Russia in Disarray
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945:Rewolucja 1905-1907 w Królestwie Polskim
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1087:by Andrzej Chojnowski. Entry in Polish
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969:REWOLUCJA 1905-07 NA ZIEMIACH POLSKICH
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1259:, Stanford University Press, 2012.
1198:Rewolucja: Russian Poland, 1904-1907
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1059:Józef Piłsudski: marzyciel i strateg
1005:Gods Playground: A History of Poland
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613:! Down with the war!". Similarly in
1576:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
1248:Andrew Stanislaus John Pomykalski,
1007:, Columbia University Press, 2005,
898:, Stanford University Press, 1994,
515:Worsening economic conditions (the
27:20th-century insurrection in Poland
24:
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1093:
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25:
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1283:, Columbia University Press, 2003
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631:monument to the 1905 insurrection
568:Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS
539:to the Russian army, and ongoing
489:insurrection in Łódź in June 1905
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1371:
1200:, Cornell University Press, 1995
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635:On 28 January, the PPS and the
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1388:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1183:Urbanowski, op.cit., Pages 131
1174:Urbanowski, op.cit., Pages 121
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811:(Street demonstration in 1905)
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1:
1553:Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)
951:, Retrieved on 9 October 2007
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603:
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1533:1848 Greater Poland uprising
1518:1846 Greater Poland uprising
1508:1806 Greater Poland uprising
1478:1794 Greater Poland uprising
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96:Imperial Government victory
54:Street demonstration in 1905
7:
1769:Labor disputes in Lithuania
1111:Rok 1905: Przebudzeni bombą
816:
809:Demonstracja uliczna w 1905
609:the slogans "Down with the
479:and lasted until 1907 (see
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1744:Russian Revolution of 1905
1714:1907 in the Russian Empire
1709:1906 in the Russian Empire
1704:1905 in the Russian Empire
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469:Russian Revolution of 1905
42:Russian Revolution of 1905
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1272:, Stanisław Wiech (ed.),
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580:National Democratic Party
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148:National-Democratic Party
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1764:Labor disputes in Poland
1571:Battle of Lemberg (1918)
1543:Baikal insurrection 1866
706:electric traction system
588:"Left" (or "Young") wing
354:Armenian–Tatar massacres
100:Revolutionaries defeated
1754:20th-century rebellions
1463:Targowica Confederation
908:Google Print, p.157-158
849:O rewolucji: 1905, 1917
722:Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski
699:Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski
545:1905 Russian Revolution
276:1905 Russian Revolution
1421:Tyszowce Confederation
1358:Prussian Confederation
774:(Street demonstration)
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683:Republika Zagłębiowska
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586:) nor by the PPS' own
564:Polish Socialist Party
512:
493:fourth Polish uprising
205:Commanders and leaders
175:Polish Socialist Party
166:Polish revolutionaries
1653:Operation Ostra Brama
1348:1038 Peasant Uprising
1109:Włodzimierz Kalicki,
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697:) around the city of
695:Republika Ostrowiecka
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627:
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1739:Rebellions in Poland
772:Manifestacja uliczna
570:) that was loyal to
547:quickly spread from
467:A major part of the
142:Polish reactionaries
1468:Kościuszko Uprising
1453:Radom Confederation
1448:Słuck Confederation
1196:Robert E. Blobaum,
828:Warszawianka (1905)
805:Władysław Skoczylas
787:Stanisław Masłowski
720:Memorial tablet in
687:Zagłębie Dąbrowskie
671:Włodzimierz Kalicki
180:Combat Organization
125:Imperial Government
1586:Silesian Uprisings
1528:Galician slaughter
1279:Andrew Kier Wise,
1207:Academic reviews:
1148:The New York Times
1055:Bohdan Urbankowski
769:Witold Wojtkiewicz
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726:Ostrowiec Republic
691:Ostrowiec Republic
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471:took place in the
1729:Conflicts in 1907
1724:Conflicts in 1906
1719:Conflicts in 1905
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1548:Łódź insurrection
1513:November Uprising
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1458:Bar Confederation
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1340:Kingdom of Poland
1265:978-0-804763-83-7
1232:Richard D Lewis,
949:WIEM Encyklopedia
724:to the 1905–1906
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84:Vistula Land
40:Part of the
1635:Częstochowa
1429:(1665–1666)
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1409:Khmelnytsky
1363:Chicken War
1294:(in Polish)
1270:(in Polish)
1255:Scott Ury,
1107:(in Polish)
1082:(in Polish)
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966:(in Polish)
942:(in Polish)
529:aftershocks
440: [
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1683:Categories
1495:partitions
1493:After the
1427:Lubomirski
1239:Miaso J.,
1161:2024-08-28
834:References
651:Labour Day
604:Revolution
503:Background
364:Sevastopol
197:Anarchists
1630:Białystok
1156:0362-4331
712:Aftermath
611:autocracy
517:recession
420:Shuliavka
66:1905–1907
1114:Archived
1069:, p. 118
1035:., p.330
817:See also
560:The wing
449:Sveaborg
408:Gorlovka
359:Peasants
347:Potemkin
71:Location
755:Gallery
675:pogroms
641:strikes
584:endecja
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349:mutiny
306:Latvia
294:Poland
187:SDKPiL
92:Result
76:Russia
1228:JSTOR
619:siege
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1261:ISBN
1152:ISSN
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629:Łódź
598:Tsar
593:Duma
483:and
454:Coup
369:Kiev
322:Riga
299:Łódź
192:Bund
63:Date
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