192:
20:
494:. Even though only those with a vested interest could argue for wood chipping on economic grounds, it has managed to gain the strong support of both Labour and Liberal/National Parties. Yet despite these contradictions and the enormous passion the wood chipping debate generates, historians have tended to ignore this issue. John Dargavel's excellent history of Australian forestry goes a long way to filling this gap.
374:
Quarters 2004-05 a
Pulpwood logs are included in the table exports of roundwood. b Broadleaved woodchip volumes were confidential from February 2000 to May 2000. From 1 June 2000, ABS have applied selected country and state restrictions to broadleaved woodchip exports. From February 2003 all state
144:
The practice, known as woodchipping, was to make use of most of the woody material in a tree to produce wood chips. This was then converted into paper, hardwood pulp is mainly used for printing paper and softwood pulp is added for good quality. An energy-intensive process, it also involved the use
489:
The export of woodchips from
Australian native forests over the last few decades has been one of Australia's greatest economic and environmental disasters. Heavily subsidised and poorly managed, wood chipping has continued despite the trend amongst Australia's policy makers towards the rhetoric of
103:
During the late 1960s and 1970s, the high demand for paper and the relatively low cost and availability of the native forests made the establishment of a woodchipping industry a viable proposition. Conversely, the establishment of a woodchipping industry made it economically feasible to clearfell
458:
Mr Tuckey was responding to reports in the
Launceston Examiner suggesting the phasing out of woodchipping in Tasmania. Press reports in the United States are quoting well known green activists as saying that the US fires, including forest and property destruction, are the result of past forest
188:, a failed attempt to disable woodchip exporting facilities for 18 months. Following decades of campaigning by environmental groups and others commercial forestry within native forests, including for woodchipping, was ended in Western Australia and eastern Victoria in 2024.
580:
1999 - 2003-04 ($ m); 'Logs category' Hardwood sawlogs 249.2 250.0 244.1 259.2 249.2: Softwood sawlogs b 404.2 467.1 591.0 608.5 578.3 : Cypress sawlogs 18.7 22.2 22.5 22.9 22.8 : Plywood and veneer logs 34.5 37.9 34.8 44.8 39.2 :
427:
Newspoll - December 1994 - To the
Question "Next a question about native forests. Do you personally approve or disapprove of trees from Australian's native forests being fell and exported as woodchips to Japan? 80.3% of Australians disapproved, 11.7% approved, 8.0%
184:. At first it was seen as an opportunity for the economic development of the south west; it was not until the 1970s that an environmental movement against it began to emerge. The volatility of the issue became apparent in 1976 when two activists carried out the
583:
Wood panels pulplogs 55.2 56.8 44.7 57.8 51.7 : Export woodchip hardwood pulplogs 300.4 328.2 291.9 349.0 338.0 : Export woodchip softwood pulplogs 62.0 81.8 52.0 50.3 64.8 : Paper pulplogs 106.3 97.4 88.0 120.8
713:
Canberra : Subject
Reference Section, Parliamentary Library Legislative Service, 1975 "This bibliography has been compiled in connection with the inquiry into the Australian woodchip industry by the Senate Select Committee on Social
405:
The
Wilderness Society has revealed today that Forestry Tasmania is planning to clearfell and woodchip areas of pure rainforest in north-west Tasmania and then convert the cleared areas to plantations.
164:
The separation of the chipping stage and the pulping and paper mills required the supply of energy usually sourced from byproducts of the process. Additional energy expenditure is found in the
115:
for the textile industry. Most processing and value adding takes place outside of
Australia. The Australian economy benefits directly from a low-cost and high-volume export commodity.
603:"Forest Products Commission - Education - Products from Trees - developing the sustainable use of the States plantation and native forest resources in Western Australia"
459:
management policies that prevented harvesting. This has created 'cadaverous' forests overpopulated with sick, dead and skinny trees — the perfect fuel for a wildfire.
100:
hardwood forests found throughout temperate areas of the country. In more recent times, a significant proportion comes from managed hardwood and softwood plantations.
240:
537:
It will also help cut
Australia's bill for imports of wood and paper products. Imports of these products currently exceed our exports by $ 2 billion a year.
629:"Responses in Policy and Practice to Radical Environmental Protest Targeting Key Parts of the Civil Infrastructure in Australia and the United Kingdom"
628:
375:
details are confidential. c Bone dry tonnes. na Not available. Sources: ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABARE.
385:
521:
438:
811:
602:
801:
791:
108:
is a controversial forest practice in
Australia, and opponents argue that the woodchipping industry is culpable for its continuation.
292:
650:
796:
550:
326:
307:
765:
312:
381:
282:
744:
775:
750:
Walter, Terry (1976) “Some Cost-benefit
Aspects of Wood-Chipping in Western Australia”, Economic Activity, 56- 65.
287:
806:
770:
719:
The Fight for the Forests: The Takeover of Australian Forests for Pines, Wood Chips and Intensive Forestry
181:
410:
208:
393:
525:
467:"Review of John Dargavel, Fashioning Australia's forests, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1995"
446:
185:
606:
412:
260:
58:
517:
297:
265:
235:
230:
196:
133:, have been used in many ways for centuries, for example as a material for the production of
89:
491:
302:
191:
565:
341:
57:
of native forests or plantations. In other parts of the world, forestry practices such as
8:
466:
250:
548:
324:
19:
245:
42:
411:
Open Mind Research Group on behalf of their client Environment Victoria (1994-12-04).
111:
Woodchips are converted into a fibre that can be made into various grades of paper or
740:
727:
557:
474:
443:
Media Releases The Hon Wilson Tuckey MP Former Minister for Forestry and Conservation
333:
277:
177:
94:
Historically, the primary sources of wood chips in Australia have been the extensive
760:
130:
69:
24:
439:"Tuckey writes to Tasmania Together committee over woodchipping - Media release"
104:
areas of mixed or substandard forest that could not otherwise have been felled.
65:
785:
561:
549:
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (15 November 2005).
478:
434:
413:"Woodchipping to Japan - Joint Environment Group Commissioned Public Opinion"
337:
325:
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (15 November 2005).
150:
737:
Woodchipping in Western Australia : timber workers vs. conservationists
732:. Asia Pacific journal of economics & business, Dec. 1999, p. 76-96
516:
158:
105:
50:
496:
Dr Warwick Frost lectures in the School of Economics, La Trobe University.
37:
is the act and industry of chipping wood for pulp. Timber is converted to
551:"Australian Forest and Wood Product Statistics. March–June quarters 2005"
327:"Australian Forest and Wood Product Statistics. March–June quarters 2005"
218:
674:
651:"Campaigns to End Logging in Australia (Commons Conversations Podcasts)"
726:
Green business alliance : The case of a Japanese/Australian joint
137:
or as a disposable floor covering in butchers shop or drinking houses.
96:
138:
134:
77:
46:
38:
28:
433:
180:
in the 1960s initially attracted less opposition than it did in the
747:. Working paper (Murdoch University. Dept. of Economics); no. 135..
165:
54:
141:
is the primary market for the woodchipping industry in Australia.
213:
157:
and elsewhere. High demand for paper products had purpose-built
149:
and other toxic chemicals. This stage of the process, known as
146:
255:
154:
124:
112:
73:
471:
The Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History
386:"Implications of Selling Native Forests for 9 Cents a Tonne"
161:
increase the export of woodchips from Australia to Japan.
171:
522:"Why Australia needs a Wood and Paper Industry Strategy"
224:
390:
Home > Campaigns > Forests > Tasmanian Forests
711:
The Australian woodchip industry : a bibliography
380:
168:
of raw materials and export of the finished product.
721:, Research School of Social Sciences, ANU, Canberra.
648:
271:
783:
649:Hardinge, Alice; Beckerling, Jess (2024-01-16).
473:. School of Humanities, James Cook University.
64:Uses of wood chips includes the manufacture of
706:, Sydney, University of New South Wales Press.
176:The introduction of the wood chip industry to
464:
518:Dept. of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
739:. Perth, W.A. : Murdoch University.
293:Conservation Council of Western Australia
735:Thompson, Herb and Tracy, Julie.(1995)
190:
18:
626:
784:
172:Criticism and environmental opposition
83:
308:South West Forests Defence Foundation
225:Woodchip mill companies and locations
812:Timber industry in Western Australia
605:. www.fpc.wa.gov.au. Archived from
313:Western Australian Forests Alliance
13:
771:Gunns Mill pro- argument from NAFI
704:A long walk in the Australian bush
699:, Oxford. Oxford University Press.
689:
366:Total kt 5 437.1 5 263.9 5 598.3
362:Japan kt 4 790.0 4 653.7 4 997.3
283:Australian Conservation Foundation
129:Wood chips, as a byproduct of the
14:
823:
802:Environmental issues in Australia
792:Environmental issues with forests
754:
655:The Commons Social Change Library
364:Other kt 579.5 610.2 531.4
332:. abareconomics. pp. 50–51.
627:Chapman, Ron (September 2015).
360:- China: 67.6 0.0 69.6 0.0
288:Campaign to Save Native Forests
61:are the usual methods adopted.
16:Australian timber export sector
697:Fashioning Australia's forests
667:
642:
620:
595:
542:
510:
358:Quantity 2002-03, 03-04, 04-05
272:Woodchip critics and opponents
1:
503:
153:, was primarily performed in
797:History of Western Australia
465:Warwick Frost (1997-03-03).
68:(or "chip board") and other
49:, woodchips are produced by
7:
638:(Thesis). pp. 121–126.
202:
10:
828:
717:Routley, R. and V. (1973)
675:"Long Reach Mill - Forico"
435:Wilson "Ironbar" Tuckey MP
209:Land clearing in Australia
122:
87:
41:and sold, primarily, for
23:Woodchipping plant at the
766:New Bush Telegraph report
702:Lines, William J. (1998)
724:Tamaki, Mitsuzo. (1999)
318:
186:Bunbury woodchip bombing
118:
761:History of woodchipping
261:W.A. Chip & Pulp Co
695:Dargavel, John (1995)
524:. DAFF. Archived from
382:The Wilderness Society
199:
59:short rotation coppice
31:
807:Forestry in Australia
709:Mcdonald, Jan (1975)
298:Great Walk Networking
266:Wesley Vale pulp mill
236:North Shore, Victoria
231:Eden, New South Wales
197:Eden, New South Wales
194:
90:Forestry in Australia
22:
492:economic rationalism
303:Liberals for Forests
251:Hampshire, Tasmania
241:Longreach, Tasmania
84:Sources and process
636:Murdoch University
246:Bell Bay, Tasmania
200:
32:
728:forest plantation
556:. abareconomics.
356:Total woodchips;
278:Australian Greens
178:Western Australia
43:paper manufacture
819:
683:
682:
671:
665:
664:
662:
661:
646:
640:
639:
633:
624:
618:
617:
615:
614:
599:
593:
592:
577:
576:
570:
564:. Archived from
555:
546:
540:
539:
534:
533:
514:
499:
486:
485:
461:
455:
454:
445:. Archived from
430:
424:
423:
417:Forest Fact File
407:
402:
401:
392:. Archived from
377:
353:
352:
346:
340:. Archived from
331:
70:engineered woods
827:
826:
822:
821:
820:
818:
817:
816:
782:
781:
757:
692:
690:Further reading
687:
686:
673:
672:
668:
659:
657:
647:
643:
631:
625:
621:
612:
610:
601:
600:
596:
574:
572:
568:
553:
547:
543:
531:
529:
515:
511:
506:
483:
481:
452:
450:
421:
419:
399:
397:
373:
350:
348:
344:
329:
321:
274:
227:
205:
174:
131:timber industry
127:
121:
92:
86:
25:Port of Geelong
17:
12:
11:
5:
825:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
780:
779:
773:
768:
763:
756:
755:External links
753:
752:
751:
748:
733:
722:
715:
707:
700:
691:
688:
685:
684:
666:
641:
619:
594:
588:emphasis added
541:
520:(2007-01-13).
508:
507:
505:
502:
501:
500:
462:
437:(2000-09-28).
431:
408:
384:(2001-01-25).
378:
370:emphasis added
320:
317:
316:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
273:
270:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
226:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
204:
201:
182:eastern states
173:
170:
123:Main article:
120:
117:
85:
82:
66:particle board
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
824:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
787:
778:- lobby group
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
749:
746:
745:0-86905-453-8
742:
738:
734:
731:
729:
723:
720:
716:
712:
708:
705:
701:
698:
694:
693:
680:
679:forico.com.au
676:
670:
656:
652:
645:
637:
630:
623:
609:on 2008-07-20
608:
604:
598:
591:
589:
585:
571:on 2006-05-06
567:
563:
559:
552:
545:
538:
528:on 2007-09-21
527:
523:
519:
513:
509:
498:
497:
493:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
460:
449:on 2006-09-17
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
418:
414:
409:
406:
396:on 2006-10-08
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
371:
367:
363:
359:
347:on 2006-05-06
343:
339:
335:
328:
323:
322:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
198:
193:
189:
187:
183:
179:
169:
167:
162:
160:
159:bulk carriers
156:
152:
151:Kraft pulping
148:
142:
140:
136:
132:
126:
116:
114:
109:
107:
101:
99:
98:
91:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
26:
21:
736:
725:
718:
714:Environment"
710:
703:
696:
678:
669:
658:. Retrieved
654:
644:
635:
622:
611:. Retrieved
607:the original
597:
587:
582:
579:
573:. Retrieved
566:the original
544:
536:
530:. Retrieved
526:the original
512:
495:
488:
482:. Retrieved
470:
457:
451:. Retrieved
447:the original
442:
426:
420:. Retrieved
416:
404:
398:. Retrieved
394:the original
389:
369:
365:
361:
357:
355:
349:. Retrieved
342:the original
175:
163:
143:
128:
110:
106:Clearfelling
102:
95:
93:
63:
51:clearcutting
35:Woodchipping
34:
33:
219:Woodchipper
195:Woodchips,
786:Categories
660:2024-02-29
613:2008-03-11
575:2007-03-13
532:2007-03-13
504:References
484:2007-04-04
453:2007-03-14
428:undecided.
422:2007-03-14
400:2007-03-14
351:2007-03-13
97:Eucalyptus
88:See also:
562:1449-1850
479:1321-5752
338:1449-1850
139:Wood pulp
135:wallpaper
47:Australia
39:woodchips
29:Australia
776:Chipstop
203:See also
166:shipping
147:bleaches
55:thinning
730:project
214:Logging
743:
560:
477:
336:
632:(PDF)
584:138.3
569:(PDF)
554:(PDF)
345:(PDF)
330:(PDF)
319:Notes
256:Gunns
155:Japan
125:Paper
119:Usage
113:rayon
74:mulch
45:. In
741:ISBN
558:ISSN
475:ISSN
334:ISSN
78:fuel
76:and
145:of
53:or
788::
677:.
653:.
634:.
578:.
535:.
487:.
469:.
456:.
441:.
425:.
415:.
403:.
388:.
354:.
80:.
72:,
27:,
681:.
663:.
616:.
590:)
586:(
372:)
368:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
