2116:
2146:
4039:
3295:
111:
2347:
4274:
2301:
4133:
645:
4317:
970:
4293:
665:
4018:
2903:
934:
2048:
693:
717:
4196:
1175:
4365:
1162:
734:
4341:
4108:
4249:
134:
4171:
952:
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916:
306:
995:
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4226:
4156:
2029:
2135:
2328:, have removed eucalypts after reports of damage from dropped branches, even in the face of lengthy, well publicised protests to protect particular trees. A former Australian National Botanic Gardens director and consulting arborist, Robert Boden, has been quoted referring to "summer branch drop". Dropping of branches is recognised in Australia literature through the fictional death of Judy in
1012:
1585:
2164:, their rise coinciding with an increase in fossil charcoal deposits (suggesting that fire was a factor even then), but they remained a minor component of the Tertiary rainforest until about 20 million years ago, when the gradual drying of the continent and depletion of soil nutrients led to the development of a more open forest type, predominantly
3415:. According to Richard R.K. Pankhurst, "The great advantage of the eucalypts was that they were fast growing, required little attention and when cut down grew up again from the roots; it could be harvested every ten years. The tree proved successful from the onset". Plantations of eucalypts spread from the capital to other growing urban centres such as
3044:; the trees are viewed by many as an attractive and iconic part of the California landscape. Many say that although the tree is not native, it has been in California long enough to become an essential part of the ecosystem and therefore should not be attacked as invasive. These arguments have caused experts and citizens in California, especially in the
6766:
3212:
activities and a high C:N ratio of litter. Additionally, as most scientific understanding of land cover change effects is related to ecosystems where forests were replaced by grasslands or crops, or grassland was replaced by crops, the environmental effects of the current
Uruguayan land cover changes
1822:
pollen are associated with increased charcoal levels. Though this occurs at different rates throughout
Australia, it is compelling evidence for a relationship between the artificial increase of fire frequency with the arrival of Aboriginals and increased prevalence of this exceptionally fire-tolerant
1152:
arrangement about a five-sided stem. After the spiral phase, which may last from several to many nodes, the arrangement reverts to decussate by the absorption of some of the leaf-bearing faces of the stem. In those species with opposite adult foliage the leaf pairs, which have been formed opposite at
3620:
in
Portugal. The genus has also been subject to various controversies. Despite representing a large part of the agricultural economy, eucalypt plantations have a negative impact on soil destruction, inducing resistance to water infiltration and increasing the risks of erosion and soil loss, they are
3249:
situated in the departments of Rivera, TacuarembĂł and
PaysandĂș is primarily earmarked for the solid wood market, although a portion of it is used for sawlogs and plywood. The current area under commercial forest plantation is 6% of the total. The main uses of the wood produced are elemental chlorine
1806:
specimen. Although the evidence is sparse, the best hypothesis is that in the mid-Tertiary, the continental margins of
Australia only supported more mesic noneucalypt vegetation, and that eucalypts probably contributed to the drier vegetation of the arid continental interior. With the progressive
1199:
which is composed of the fused sepals or petals, or both. Thus, flowers have no petals, but instead decorate themselves with the many showy stamens. As the stamens expand, the operculum is forced off, splitting away from the cup-like base of the flower; this is one of the features that unites the
8309:
Le Maitre, David C.; Blignaut, James N.; Clulow, Alistair; Dzikiti, Sebinasi; Everson, Colin S.; Görgens, André H. M.; Gush, Mark B. (2020), van Wilgen, Brian W.; Measey, John; Richardson, David M.; Wilson, John R. (eds.), "Impacts of Plant
Invasions on Terrestrial Water Flows in South Africa",
3221:
process, and destruction of clay (illite-like minerals), which is the main reservoir of potassium in the soil. Although these studies were carried out in an important zone for forest cultivation, they cannot define the current situation in the rest of the land area under eucalyptus cultivation.
3321:
industry. It has thrived in the local environment, and today there are around 7 million hectares planted. The wood is highly valued by the charcoal and pulp and paper industries. The short rotation allows a larger wood production and supplies wood for several other activities, helping to
2791:
species. They hoped to grow them in the tropics, but most experimental results failed until breakthroughs in the 1960s-1980s in species selection, silviculture, and breeding programs "unlocked" the potential of eucalypts in the tropics. Prior to then, as Brett
Bennett noted in a 2010 article,
3174:
species have been promoted since 1989, when the new
National Forestry Law established that 20% of the national territory would be dedicated to forestry. As the main landscape of Uruguay is grassland (140,000 km, 87% of the national territory), most of the forestry plantations would be
529:
but many eucalypts are mallees that are multistemmed from ground level and rarely taller than 10 metres (33 feet). There is no clear distinction between a mallee and a shrub but in eucalypts, a shrub is a mature plant less than 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall and growing in an extreme
3071:
forests are predicted to die out naturally. In some parts of
California, eucalypt plantations are being removed and native trees and plants restored. Individuals have also illegally destroyed some trees and are suspected of introducing insect pests from Australia which attack the trees.
2865:. Much of California is similar in climate to parts of Australia. By the early 1900s, thousands of acres of eucalypts were planted with the encouragement of the state government. It was hoped that they would provide a renewable source of timber for construction, furniture making and
3187:
sp. plantations have reached annual forestation rates of 300%. That zone has a potential forested area of 1 million hectares, approximately 29% of the national territory dedicated to forestry, of which approximately 800,000 hectares are currently forested by monoculture of
6908:"J., Ribeiro, C.M., 1999. Tendencias y perspectivas de la economı Ìa forestal de los paĂses del Conosur ([[Argentina]], [[Brasil]], [[Chile]], Uruguay). Oficina Regional FAO para America Latina y el Caribe, Santiago, Chile"
1200:
genus. The woody fruits or capsules are roughly cone-shaped and have valves at the end which open to release the seeds, which are waxy, rod-shaped, about 1 mm in length, and yellow-brown in colour. Most species do not flower until adult foliage starts to appear;
3330:. Brazil's plantations have world-record rates of growth, typically over 40 cubic metres per hectare per year, and commercial harvesting occurs after years 5. Due to continual development and governmental funding, year-on-year growth is consistently being improved.
3699:. They are cultivated and used for various purposes, including as an ingredient in pharmaceutical products (e.g., creams, elixirs and sprays) and for leather production. They were imported in 1862 by botanist Theodoros Georgios Orphanides. The principal species is
758:
every year and the outermost layer dies. In about half of the species, the dead bark is shed exposing a new layer of fresh, living bark. The dead bark may be shed in large slabs, in ribbons or in small flakes. These species are known as "smooth barks" and include
3286:, are exported. This has raised the income of this sector with respect to traditional products from other sectors. Uruguayan forestry plantations have rates of growth of 30 cubic metres per hectare per year and commercial harvesting occurs after nine years.
4727:
6935:
6907:
852:, the rough basal bark is very ribbony at the top, where it gives way to the smooth upper stems. The smooth upper bark of the half-barks and that of the completely smooth-barked trees and mallees can produce remarkable colour and interest, for example
491:
A few species are native to islands north of
Australia, and a smaller number are only found outside the continent. Eucalypts have been grown in plantations in many other countries because they are fast growing, have valuable timber, or can be used for
7137:
1456:
in 1867. The account is the most important early systematic treatment of the genus. Bentham divided it into five series whose distinctions were based on characteristics of the stamens, particularly the anthers (Mueller, 1879â84), work elaborated by
2260:
in the area warned that the litter beneath the trees builds up very rapidly and should be regularly monitored and removed. It has been estimated that 70% of the energy released through the combustion of vegetation in the Oakland fire was due to
1499:
and are able to be recognised by only a few relatively invariant characteristics. Most, however, may be regarded as belonging to large or small groups of related species, which are often in geographical contact with each other and between which
3876:
and birds feed on, absence of hollows that in oak trees provide shelter and nesting sites for birds and small mammals and for bee colonies, as well as lack of downed trees in managed plantations. A study of the relationship between birds and
2505:
effects; they release compounds which inhibit other plant species from growing nearby. Outside their natural ranges, eucalypts are both lauded for their beneficial economic impact on poor populations and criticised for being "water-guzzling"
1138:
plant: the 'seedling', 'juvenile', 'intermediate', and 'adult' phases. However, no definite transitional point occurs between the phases. The intermediate phase, when the largest leaves are often formed, links the juvenile and adult phases.
3610:, these eucalypts are prized due to their long and upright trunks, rapid growth and the ability to regrow after cutting. These plantations now occupy around 800,000 hectares, 10% of the country's total land area, 90% of the trees being
7376:
Céspedes-Payret, Carlos; Piñeiro, Gustavo; Gutiérrez, Ofelia; Panario, Daniel (2012). "Land use change in a temperate grassland soil: Afforestation effects on chemical properties and their ecological and mineralogical implications".
3988:: Biodiversity Act. This means most activities with regards to the species are prohibited (such as importing, propagating, translocating or trading) and it should be ensured that it does not spread beyond a plantation's domain.
3894:
groves because the decay-resistant wood of these trees prevents cavity formation by decay or excavation. Also, those bird species that glean insects from foliage, such as warblers and vireos, experience population declines when
3458:
trees. Pankhurst reports, "The proclamation however remained a dead letter; there is no evidence of eucalypts being uprooted, still less of mulberry trees being planted." Eucalypts remain a defining feature of Addis Ababa.
3507:
they provide. However, in South Africa they are considered invasive, with their water-sucking capabilities threatening water supplies. They also release a chemical into the surrounding soil which kills native competitors.
3338:
round wood and pulp, and has played an important role in developing the Australian market through the country's committed research in this area. The local iron producers in Brazil rely heavily on sustainably grown
1909:
Most eucalypts are not tolerant of severe cold. Eucalypts do well in a range of climates but are usually damaged by anything beyond a light frost of â5 °C (23 °F); the hardiest are the snow gums, such as
2763:
trees in the Australian outback draw up gold from tens of metres underground through their root system and deposit it as particles in their leaves and branches. A Maia detector for x-ray elemental imaging at the
1504:
exchange still occurs. In these situations, many species appear to grade into one another, and intermediate forms are common. In other words, some species are relatively fixed genetically, as expressed in their
6911:
6525:
The eucalyptus essential oils find widespread applications . For aromatherapy, the oils can be used for skin care, the respiratory system, the nervous system, the urino-genital system and the musculo-skeletal
3157:, and it has spread all over the south-eastern and eastern coast. There had been no trees in the area because it consisted of dry sand dunes and stones. Lussich also introduced many other trees, particularly
2989:
may have adverse effects on local streams due to their chemical composition, and their dominance threatens species that rely on native trees. Nevertheless, some native species have been known to adapt to the
2893:
timber of Australia. It reacted differently to harvest. The older trees didn't split or warp as the infant California crop did. There was a vast difference between the two, and this would doom the California
870:
following partial defoliation". This allows the tree to grow in less-than-ideal climates, in addition to providing a better chance of recovery from damage sustained to its leaves in an event such as a fire.
7145:
2607:
is relatively short and uniform with low coarseness compared with other hardwoods commonly used as pulpwood. The fibres are slender, yet relatively thick walled. This gives uniform paper formation and high
3660:
planted in the marshes around Rome. This, their rapid growth in the Italian climate and excellent function as windbreaks, has made them a common sight in the south of the country, including the islands of
3885:
forest, but the species were different. One way in which the avifauna (local assortment of bird species) changes is that cavity-nesting birds including woodpeckers, owls, chickadees, wood ducks, etc. are
3841:
have been introduced to the islands, where they have displaced some native species due to their higher maximum height, fast growth and lower water needs. Particularly noticeable is the rainbow eucalyptus
6070:
6950:
Caffera, R.M., Cespedes, C., Gonzalez, A., Gutierrez, M.O., Panario, D.H., 1991. Hacia una evaluacion de effectos ambientales de la forestacion en Uruguay con especies introducidas. CIEDUR, Montevideo,
3067:
trees can be expensive and often requires machinery or the use of herbicides. The trees struggle to reproduce on their own outside of the foggy regions of Coastal California, and therefore some inland
4038:
3652:
only arrived at the turn of the 19th century and large scale plantations were started at the beginning of the 20th century with the aim of drying up swampy ground to defeat malaria. During the 1930s,
1142:
In all except a few species, the leaves form in pairs on opposite sides of a square stem, consecutive pairs being at right angles to each other (decussate). In some narrow-leaved species, for example
3454:"tended to dry up rivers and wells", creating such opposition to the species that in 1913 a proclamation was issued ordering a partial destruction of all standing trees, and their replacement with
589:
is an example of a mallet. A marlock is a shrub or small tree with a single, short trunk, that lacks a lignotuber and has spreading, densely leafy branches that often reach almost to the ground.
5572:
PĂ©rez, C. A.; M. J. Wingfield; N. A. Altier; R. A. Blanchette (October 2009). "Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae associated with Eucalyptus leaf diseases and stem cankers in Uruguay".
5609:
PĂ©rez, C. A.; M. J. Wingfield; N. Altier; R. A. Blanchette (2013-03-01). "Species of Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae on native Myrtaceae in Uruguay: evidence of fungal host jumps".
3347:; this has greatly pushed up the price of charcoal in recent years. The plantations are generally owned and operated for national and international industry by timber asset companies such as
2450:. Due to their fast growth, the foremost benefit of these trees is their wood. They can be chopped off at the root and grow back again. They provide many desirable characteristics for use as
664:
6961:
DIEA, 2010. Anuario EstadĂstico Agropecuario 2010. DirecciĂłn de EstadĂsticas Agropecuarias, Ministerio de Agricultura, GanaderĂa y Pesca. Editorial Hemisferio Sur, Montevideo, Uruguay, 220p.
3213:
are not well understood. The first scientific publication on soil studies in western zone tree plantations (focused on pulp production) appeared in 2004 and described soil acidification and
3776:
breeding program in the 1990s. The organisation released four varieties of conventionally bred, high yielding and genetically improved clones for commercial and research interests in 2010.
2252:
and thus accumulating as large amounts of dry, combustible fuel. Consequently, dense eucalypt plantings may be subject to catastrophic firestorms. In fact, almost thirty years before the
1536:). Hybrid combinations are not particularly common in the field, but some other published species frequently seen in Australia have been suggested to be hybrid combinations. For example,
8247:
Kelly, J.P.; Pratt, H.M.; Greene, P.L. (1993). "The Distribution, Reproductive Success, and Habitat Characteristics of Heron and Egret Breeding Colonies in the San Francisco Bay Area".
2454:, timber, firewood and pulpwood. Eucalyptus wood is also used in a number of industries, from fence posts (where the oil-rich wood's high resistance to decay is valued) and charcoal to
7428:
Farley, Kathleen A.; Piñeiro, Gervasio; Palmer, Sheila M.; Jobbågy, Esteban G.; Jackson, Robert B. (2008). "Stream acidification and base cation losses with grassland afforestation".
2889:
in California was based on the old virgin forests of Australia. This was a mistake, as the young trees being harvested in California could not compare in quality to the centuries-old
9168:
3798:
began in the 1930s in deforested mountain areas, and currently there are about 10 species present in the island. They account for 20% of major reforestation plantings. They provide
1131:, with shiny green leaves in the seedling stage and dull, glaucous leaves in mature crowns. The contrast between juvenile and adult leaf phases is valuable in field identification.
6646:
4364:
3437:
in significant numbers. David Buxton, writing of central Ethiopia in the mid-1940s, observed that eucalyptus trees "have become an integral -- and a pleasing -- element in the
1724:
of southeastern Australia have been a centre of eucalypt diversification; their name is in reference to the blue haze prevalent in the area, believed derived from the volatile
783:. The remaining species retain the dead bark which dries out and accumulates. In some of these species, the fibres in the bark are loosely intertwined (in stringybarks such as
484:
to Australia, and every state and territory has representative species. About three-quarters of Australian forests are eucalypt forests. Many eucalypt species have adapted to
8216:
3753:
for this purpose by 1874, though it is not known where the seeds came from. Many Zionist colonies also adopted the practice in the following years under the guidance of the
3040:
would negatively impact the ecosystem, and the loss of the trees would release carbon into the atmosphere unnecessarily. There is also an aesthetic argument for keeping the
5497:
Kliejunas, John T.; Burdstall, Harold H.; DeNitto, Gregg A.; Eglitis, Andris; Haugen, Dennis A.; Haverty, Michael I.; Micales, Jessie A.; Tkacz, Borys M.; Powell, Mark R.
2115:
2240:
In seasonally dry climates oaks are often fire-resistant, particularly in open grasslands, as a grass fire is insufficient to ignite the scattered trees. In contrast, a
1292:
Although eucalypts must have been seen by the very early European explorers and collectors, no botanical collections of them are known to have been made until 1770 when
8673:
2481:
researchers, and environmentalists because of desirable traits such as being fast-growing sources of wood, producing oil that can be used for cleaning and as a natural
1465:(1934). The anther system became too complex to be workable and more recent systematic work has concentrated on the characteristics of buds, fruits, leaves and bark.
8007:
2744:. Colours to be achieved range from yellow and orange through green, tan, chocolate and deep rust red. The material remaining after processing can be safely used as
692:
4132:
3025:, which caused US$ 1.5 billion in damage, destroyed almost 3,000 homes, and killed 25 people, was partly fueled by large numbers of eucalypts close to the houses.
4195:
3621:
highly inflammable, aggravating the risk for wildfires. Various Portuguese laws on eucalypt plantations have been formed and reformed to better suit both sides.
7915:
Abraham O. Shemesh (2016). "Planting eucalyptus trees in the new settlements In nineteenth- to twentieth-century Palestine as reflected in rabbinic documents".
6078:
4273:
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woodlands, for example in California, Spain and Portugal. The resulting monocultures have raised concerns about loss of biological diversity, through loss of
3814:, but are controversial because of their adverse effect on biodiversity, hydrology and soil fertility. They are associated with another invasive species, the
1392:
was published in 1788â89, which coincided with the European colonisation of Australia. Between then and the turn of the 19th century, several more species of
6894:
MGAP, 1999. Uruguay Forestal: antecedentes, legislacion y polĂtica, desarrollo actual y perspectives. Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Montevideo, Uruguay.
4921:
Sertum Anglicum, seu, Plantae rariores quae in hortis juxta Londinum : imprimis in horto regio Kewensi excoluntur, ab anno 1786 ad annum 1787 observatae
908:
Ribbonâhas the bark coming off in long, thin pieces, but is still loosely attached in some places. They can be long ribbons, firmer strips, or twisted curls.
1924:
in particular are even hardier and can tolerate even quite severe winters. Several other species, especially from the high plateau and mountains of central
4627:
2772:
leaves from the Kalgoorlie region of Western Australia that would have been untraceable using other methods. The microscopic leaf-bound "nuggets", about 8
1818:
in Australia may be an artefact of human influence on its ecology. In more recent sediments, numerous findings of a dramatic increase in the abundance of
1768:
distribution. Fossil leaves also occur in the Miocene of New Zealand, where the genus is not native today, but again have been introduced from Australia.
3352:
6583:
1720:
Australia is covered by 92,000,000 hectares (230,000,000 acres) of eucalypt forest, comprising three quarters of the area covered by native forest. The
7653:
6020:
3348:
2244:
forest tends to promote fire because of the volatile and highly combustible oils produced by the leaves, as well as the production of large amounts of
1565:
8370:
5372:
4017:
2225:
can travel easily through the oil-rich air of the tree crowns. Eucalypts obtain long-term fire survivability from their ability to regenerate from
8941:
6279:
4292:
1991:
4059:
3013:
Fire is also a problem. Eucalypts has been noted for their flammable properties and the large fuel loads in the understory of eucalypt forests.
5934:
5454:
Eschler, BM; Pass, DM; Willis, R; Foley, WJ (2000). "Distribution of foliar formylated phloroglucinol derivatives amongst Eucalyptus species".
4517:
8067:
7237:
Madeira, M.A.V. (1992). "Influence of Mineral Nutrients Redistribution in Eucalyptus Plantations on Soil Properties". In Berthelin, J. (ed.).
6560:
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from the leaves and can be used for cleaning and as an industrial solvent, as an antiseptic, for deodorising, and in very small quantities in
8993:
8035:
2776:
wide on average, are not worth collecting themselves, but may provide an environmentally benign way of locating subsurface mineral deposits.
1987:
1569:
1553:
5976:
3848:), native to Indonesia and the Philippines, whose bark falls off to reveal a trunk that can be green, red, orange, yellow, pink and purple.
969:
7167:
Khanna, P.K. (1994). "Evaluating various indices for measuring N and P status of forest stand with examples from pine and eucalypt sites".
4316:
3906:
groves in California tend to prefer tall vertical habitat. These avian species include herons and egrets, which also nest in redwoods. The
1811:, eucalypts were displaced to the continental margins, and much of the mesic and rainforest vegetation that was once there was eliminated.
5499:"Pest Risk Assessment of the Importation Into the United States of Unprocessed Logs and Chips of Eighteen Eucalypt Species From Australia"
3010:
groves as habitat. Despite these successes, eucalypts generally has a net negative impact on the overall balance of the native ecosystem.
933:
6654:
5219:
4086:
3985:
1998:
species to make food choices based on the smell of the leaves. For koalas, these compounds are the most important factor in leaf choice.
7875:
1775:
in modern Australia, estimated to contribute some 75% of the modern vegetation, the fossil record is very scarce throughout much of the
7727:
6845:
5296:
1983:
951:
816:
Many species are 'half-barks' or 'blackbutts' in which the dead bark is retained in the lower half of the trunks or stemsâfor example,
9055:
8282:
4915:
1348:
1221:
276:
254:
2961:
plantations in California have been criticised, because they compete with native plants and typically do not support native animals.
733:
8829:
8352:
3745:
trees to drain swampy land was a common practice in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The German Templer colony of
2145:
1717:. However, the range over which many eucalypts can be planted in the temperate zone is constrained by their limited cold tolerance.
8889:
7675:
6400:
6047:
5329:
2150:
1153:
the stem apex, become separated at their bases by unequal elongation of the stem to produce the apparently alternate adult leaves.
8223:
5711:
PĂ©rez, Guillermo; Bernard Slippers; Michael J. Wingfield; Brenda D. Wingfield; Angus J. Carnegie; Treena I. Burgess (2012-08-10).
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3192:
spp. It is expected that the radical and durable substitution of vegetation cover leads to changes in the quantity and quality of
2668:
and decongestants. It has insect-repellent properties, and serves as an active ingredient in some commercial mosquito-repellents.
2195:
resulted in thousands of hectares of dead ash forests. However, a small amount of ash survived and put out new ash trees as well.
716:
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8902:
6874:
6348:
5780:
4340:
4225:
7489:
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3946:
trees are considered invasive to local ecosystems and negatively impact water resources in countries where they are introduced.
1512:
Hybrid individuals have not always been recognised as such on first collection and some have been named as new species, such as
1363:
of the flower bud which protects the developing flower parts as the flower develops and is shed by the pressure of the emerging
7321:
Carrasco-Letelier, L.; Eguren, G.; Castiñeira, C.; Parra, O.; Panario, D. (2004). "Preliminary study of prairies forested with
4098:
915:
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7194:
Madeira, M.A.V.; Andreaux, F.; Portal, J.M. (1989). "Changes in soil organic matter characteristics due to reforestation with
1779:, and suggests that this rise to dominance is a geologically more recent phenomenon. The oldest reliably dated macrofossil of
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8503:
8430:
8329:
7991:
7752:
7254:
6384:
6171:
5251:
5016:
4833:
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4446:
4170:
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6100:
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trees may be towering and fully leafed, their shade is characteristically patchy because the leaves usually hang downwards.
8972:
6684:
5523:
Quaedvlieg, W.; Binder, M.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Summerell, B.A.; Carnegie, A.J.; Burgess, T.I.; Crous, P.W. (December 2014).
3433:
3122:
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round-wood by 2010. Many environmental NGOs have criticised the use of exotic tree species for forestry in Latin America.
2951:, proved valuable in California was in providing windbreaks for highways, orange groves, and farms in the mostly treeless
2047:
4890:
2985:
trees. This is not as big of an issue further inland, but on the coast invasive eucalypts can disrupt native ecosystems.
866:
bark cells are able to photosynthesize in the absence of foliage, conferring an "increased capacity to re-fix internal CO
1748:, where eucalypts are no longer native, though they have been introduced from Australia. The fossils are from the early
8824:
8602:
8290:
7630:
7608:
7094:
leaf litter: laboratory experiments on early decomposition and ecological implications in congolese tree plantations".
6141:
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is not as hospitable to native flora and fauna as the oaks. In appropriately foggy conditions on the California Coast,
1266:
9173:
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8465:
7981:
7584:
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4856:
3714:
has been grown in Ireland since trials in the 1930s and now grows wild in South Western Ireland in the mild climate.
3036:
absorption of moisture makes it a barrier against fire. These experts believe that the herbicides used to remove the
2705:. The trunk of the tree is hollowed out by termites, and then cut down if the bore is of the correct size and shape.
2211:
2028:
1978:, are relatively tolerant of it. The close correlation of these oils with other more potent toxins called formylated
1040:
leaves are covered with oil glands. The copious oils produced are an important feature of the genus. Although mature
8707:
8314:, Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 431â457,
5802:
5386:
3108:, who had brought the seeds from Australia and it quickly became very popular. The most widely planted species were
2548:, but can also destroy ecologically productive areas. This drainage is not limited to the soil surface, because the
2191:, are killed by fire and only regenerate from seed. The same 2003 bushfire that had little impact on forests around
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6210:
5267:
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2628:
as the short and slender fibres gives a high number of fibres per gram and low coarseness contributes to softness.
1721:
7983:
From Desert Sands to Golden Oranges: The History of the German Templer Settlement of Sarona in Palestine 1871-1947
7023:
Grierson, P.F; Adams, M.A (2000). "Plant species affect acid phosphatase, ergosterol and microbial P in a Jarrah (
3322:
preserve the native forests from logging. When well managed, the plantation soils can sustain endless replanting.
3063:
trees have been met with a mixed reaction from the public, and there have been protests against removal. Removing
9163:
8998:
8928:
8353:"THE GREATER CAPE TOWN WATER FUND - ASSESSING THE RETURN ON INVESTMENT FOR ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE RESTORATION"
6612:
5072:
3472:
2404:
are the basis for several industries, such as sawmilling, pulp, charcoal and others. Several species have become
4624:
1966:
leaves contains compounds that are powerful natural disinfectants and can be toxic in large quantities. Several
1386:
base where the two sides of the leaf blade are of unequal length and do not meet the petiole at the same place.
9107:
4556:
4006:
being cleared that reduce Cape Town's water resource by 55 billion litres or two months worth of water supply.
3222:
Moreover, recently Jackson and Jobbagy have proposed another adverse environmental impact that may result from
3032:
plants in California. Advocates for the tree claim its fire risk has been overstated. Some even claim that the
3018:
2877:
had a tendency to twist while drying, and the dried ties were so tough that it was nearly impossible to hammer
2346:
2288:" because of the known fire-fueling qualities of the trees, with the mayor telling a newspaper reporter, "If a
110:
8104:"Eucalyptus Plantations in Sri Lanka: Environmental, Social, Economic and Policy Issues - H.M. Bandaratillake"
7270:
Altesor, A.; Di Landro, E.; May, H.; Ezcurra, E. (1998). "Long-term species change in a Uruguayan grassland".
3208:
sp. plantations could have adverse effects on soil chemistry; for example: soil acidification, iron leaching,
2552:
roots are up to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) in length and can, depending on the location, even reach the
9073:
8980:
8176:"Equal diversity in disparate species assemblages: a comparison of native and exotic woodlands in California"
1397:
6024:
3334:
can produce up to 100 cubic metres per hectare per year. Brazil has become the top exporter and producer of
2221:
oil is highly flammable and at high enough temperatures the oil expands quickening the spread of wildfires.
8583:
4352:
3907:
3636:'s Mata Nacional de Vale de Canas, considered to be Europe's tallest tree at 72 m (236 ft) high.
1434:
4002:
invaders, and use up to 20% more water than the native fynbos vegetation; with invasive species including
1916:, which is capable of withstanding cold and frost down to about â20 °C (â4 °F). Two subspecies,
9081:
8954:
8803:
8798:
8785:
5977:
A Transcontinental Legacy: Fire Management, Resource Protection, and the Challenges of Tasmanian Blue Gum
4873:
2952:
2325:
881:âconsists of long fibres and can be pulled off in long pieces. It is usually thick with a spongy texture.
20:
8881:
7953:
Roza I. M. El-Eini (1999). "British forestry policy in Mandate Palestine, 1929â48: Aims and realities".
7069:
Bandzouzi, J., 1993. Variabilite spatiale de quelques caracteristiques edaphiques des sols sableux sous
3596:
Eucalypts have been grown in Portugal since the mid 19th century, the first thought to be a specimen of
1538:
9068:
8613:
6538:
6229:
6131:
4902:
4868:
4643:
4599:
4304:
2007:
1753:
1474:
1273:
1195:
which may be white, cream, yellow, pink, or red; in bud, the stamens are enclosed in a cap known as an
1032:, but some tropical species lose their leaves at the end of the dry season. As in other members of the
575:
eucalypts. A mallet is a tree with a single thin trunk with a steeply branching habit but lacks both a
291:
133:
8654:
6283:
4728:"Woody tissue photosynthesis and its contribution to trunk growth and bud development in young plants"
3403:
or by the Englishman Captain O'Brian. Menelik II endorsed its planting around his new capital city of
9021:
8907:
5662:
Crous, P. W.; B. A. Summerell; A. J. Carnegie; M. J. Wingfield; Johannes Z. Groenewald (2009-12-31).
5394:
4412:
3052:
removal versus preservation. However, the general consensus remains that some areas urgently require
3022:
2253:
1787:. Other fossils have been found, but many are either unreliably dated or else unreliably identified.
5945:
5586:
3183:
and other biological changes. During the last ten years, in the northwestern regions of Uruguay the
1191:
species are the distinctive flowers and fruit (capsules or "gumnuts"). Flowers have numerous fluffy
8078:
4576:
4030:
3769:
3679:
3527:
3521:, but after a fire when the grass cover has been removed, a seed-bed may be created. The following
2920:
2330:
2321:
1180:
959:
923:
671:
8045:
4794:
4623:
Karri 'Karri Knight' in the Valle de Canas, Valle de Canas, Centro, Portugal, MonumentalTrees.com
1685:. Of the 15 species found outside Australia, just nine are exclusively non-Australian. Species of
1430:
1085:
retain the juvenile leaf form even when the plant is reproductively mature. Some species, such as
9060:
8876:
8661:
6306:"Growth and Survival of Eucalyptus species as Windbreak Plantings in California's Central Valley"
5983:
4970:
Hillis, W.E. (1966). "Variation in polyphenol composition within species of Eucalyptus l'herit".
4386:
4145:
4069:
3579:
3539:
2924:
2712:
and a fingerboard material for acoustic guitars, notably by the California-based Taylor company.
2443:
2181:
1936:
1879:
1873:
1117:
1077:
830:
785:
767:
723:
617:
120:
9047:
6501:
Clarke, Sue, ed. (2002). "Composition of essential oils and other materials: Popular essences".
3134:
barriers, some up to 80 years old, about 50 meters high and a maximum of one meter in diameter.
8728:
8040:
7705:
5581:
4548:
4299:
4264:
4093:
4045:
4025:
3396:
3045:
2907:
2765:
2699:
2222:
2123:
2110:
1103:, are sought-after ornamentals due to this lifelong juvenile leaf form. A few species, such as
1011:
981:
824:
818:
797:
773:
8946:
7861:
6230:"The Political Ecology of a "Forest Transition": Eucalyptus forestry in the Southern Peruvian"
5901:
5239:
9042:
9034:
7887:
5366:
5050:
4380:
3533:
3427:
2931:
2878:
2478:
2447:
2354:
2350:
2285:
2266:
1912:
1832:
1627:
1441:
1166:
1087:
999:
779:
761:
585:
542:
6853:
6305:
5713:"Cryptic species, native populations and biological invasions by a eucalypt forest pathogen"
5712:
5710:
5498:
4935:
Hillis, W.E. (1967). "Polyphenols in the leaves of eucalyptus: A chemotaxonomic surveyâII".
4540:
3881:
in the San Francisco Bay Area found that bird diversity was similar in native forest versus
2300:
1584:
607:, the tallest known flowering plant on Earth. The tallest reliably measured tree in Europe,
8766:
8543:
8396:"The El Dorado of Forestry: The Eucalyptus in India, South Africa, and Thailand, 1850â2000"
8187:
7777:
7493:
7437:
7386:
7334:
7279:
7203:
7103:
7036:
6989:
6205:
5724:
5618:
5525:"Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae"
5463:
5173:
4979:
4944:
4332:
4073:
3911:
3551:
3419:. Pankhurst reports that the most common species found in Addis Ababa in the mid-1960s was
3154:
3116:
3105:
2862:
2593:
2157:
1930:
1897:
1854:
1506:
1093:
1016:
848:
842:
836:
532:
481:
9122:
8868:
6327:
4539:
Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. Ian; McDonald, Maurice W.; Chippendale, George M. (2006).
4155:
3303:
2384:, South Asia and South America. About 250 species are under cultivation in California. In
1618:. Many species, though by no means all, are known as gum trees because they exude copious
1068:
1056:
8:
9158:
6713:
6628:
3921:
3844:
3612:
3421:
3193:
3110:
2947:
2937:
2678:
2587:
2497:
finds many uses like in fuels, fragrances, insect repellence and antimicrobial activity.
2376:
on the expedition, they were subsequently introduced to many parts of the world, notably
1967:
1891:
1714:
1702:
1676:
1488:
1458:
1351:, who was working in London at the time. He coined the generic name from the Greek roots
1111:
941:
862:
854:
809:
740:
708:
591:
8855:
8547:
8191:
7832:
Khan, Naushad; Fahad, Shah; Faisal, Shah; Akbar, Ayasha; Naushad, Mahnoor (2020-07-06).
7683:
7441:
7390:
7338:
7283:
7207:
7107:
7040:
6993:
6980:
Labill. leaf letter on C and N mineralization in soils from pasture and native forest".
6430:
6408:
5728:
5622:
5467:
5351:
5177:
4983:
4948:
3079:
species may also be grown for ornament in warmer parts of the Pacific Northwestâwestern
2011:
makes and defends its galleries exclusively inside eucalypts, including some species of
9130:
8863:
8686:"The Rise and Fall of the Gum Tree: How California Came to Loveâthen DisownâEucalyptus"
8449:
8335:
8264:
7932:
7849:
7471:
7303:
7246:
6177:
5758:
5688:
5663:
5549:
5524:
5196:
5161:
4323:
4177:
4139:
4050:
3730:
3598:
3573:
3545:
3180:
3080:
2649:
2599:
2289:
2214:. They are located in the San Dieguito River Park of San Diego County and leaning west.
2187:
2086:
1867:
1837:
1794:
fossils have not been found. Extensive research has gone into the fossil floras of the
1643:
1425:
1360:
1305:
1259:
1234:
1196:
1105:
1004:
791:
699:
651:
603:
552:
462:
318:
270:
128:
7346:
7115:
7048:
7001:
6356:
5870:
5788:
5475:
4991:
4956:
4767:
2902:
9029:
8811:
8571:
8509:
8499:
8480:
8461:
8436:
8426:
8339:
8325:
8200:
8175:
8128:
7987:
7936:
7857:
7853:
7590:
7580:
7540:
7463:
7410:
7402:
7358:
7350:
7295:
7250:
7219:
7215:
7176:
7119:
7052:
7005:
6789:
6508:
6483:
6380:
6185:
6167:
6137:
5909:
5839:
5829:
5750:
5736:
5693:
5644:
5595:
5554:
5479:
5247:
5201:
5160:
Gandolfo, MA; Hermsen, EJ; Zamaloa, MC; Nixon, KC; GonzĂĄlez, CC; et al. (2011).
5142:
5137:
5120:
5054:
5044:
5012:
4839:
4829:
4749:
4744:
4708:
4703:
4686:
4552:
4541:
4488:
4452:
4442:
4347:
4328:
4255:
4114:
3603:
3443:
3003:
2966:
2534:
2409:
1942:
1885:
1850:
1783:
is a 21-million-year-old tree-stump encased in basalt in the upper Lachlan Valley in
1666:
and most are native to Australia; a very small number are found in adjacent areas of
1148:, the seedling leaves after the second leaf pair are often clustered in a detectable
1144:
1123:
1099:
803:
572:
557:
7475:
7398:
4919:
9135:
8606:
8561:
8551:
8407:
8315:
8256:
8195:
7962:
7924:
7841:
7453:
7445:
7394:
7342:
7287:
7242:
7211:
7111:
7044:
6997:
6473:
6251:
6241:
6181:
6161:
5866:
5762:
5740:
5732:
5683:
5675:
5634:
5626:
5591:
5544:
5536:
5471:
5341:
5191:
5181:
5132:
4987:
4952:
4739:
4698:
4480:
3762:
3653:
3400:
3380:
3088:
2999:
2609:
2507:
2451:
2435:
2405:
2119:
1975:
1846:
1573:
1174:
470:
364:
8816:
8790:
8777:
2955:. They are also admired as shade and ornamental trees in many cities and gardens.
2408:
and are causing major problems for local ecosystems, mainly due to the absence of
1161:
8677:
8320:
8149:
7818:
6976:
Aggangan, R.T.; o'Connell, A.M.; McGrath, J.F.; Dell, B. (1999). "The effects of
6740:
6616:
6507:(2 ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier Health Sciences (published 2009). p. 175.
6502:
6108:
5661:
5630:
5186:
5006:
4878:
4821:
4631:
4279:
4240:
4209:
3799:
3746:
3142:
2866:
2702:
2522:
2513:
Eucalypts draw a tremendous amount of water from the soil through the process of
2226:
2053:
1946:, have also produced extreme cold-hardy forms and it is seed procured from these
1784:
1757:
1462:
1313:
1297:
899:
684:
580:
547:
522:
410:
171:
9086:
8985:
5932:
5571:
4687:"Role of corticular photosynthesis following defoliation in Eucalyptus globulus"
449:
have bark that is either smooth, fibrous, hard, or stringy, the leaves have oil
8648:
8479:. Field Guide to Eucalyptus. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Melbourne: Bloomings.
5857:
Williams, C. (2007). "Ignition impossible: When wildfires set the air alight".
4474:
4283:
4260:
3283:
3271:
3197:
2833:
2645:
2640:
2565:
2494:
2317:
2077:
2071:
1979:
1449:
1440:
Several Australian botanists were active during the 19th century, particularly
1336:
1229:
1072:
1060:
564:
526:
469:, hence the name from Greek eĂ» "well" kaluptĂłs "covered". The fruit is a woody
450:
422:
158:
8641:
8412:
8395:
8217:
Birds and Eucalyptus on the Central California Coast: A Love-Hate Relationship
7966:
5821:
4484:
2156:
Eucalypts originated between 35 and 50 million years ago, not long after
504:. In some countries, however, they have been removed because of the danger of
9152:
8453:
7467:
7406:
7354:
7299:
7223:
7180:
7123:
7056:
7009:
6934:
Perez-Arrarte, C., 1993. Desarrollo forestal y medio ambiente (compilation).
6189:
5913:
5843:
5679:
5608:
5540:
5058:
4898:
4864:
4625:
https://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/prt/centro/coimbra/4104_valledecanas/8314/
3929:
3928:
in California for overwintering, but in some locations have a preference for
3754:
3455:
3408:
3218:
2801:
2553:
2514:
1959:
1745:
1631:
1623:
1561:
1243:
1064:
755:
501:
68:
9011:
8513:
8440:
7594:
4456:
2800:
is the most widely planted type of tree in plantations around the world, in
1591:
exceeding 80 metres (260 ft), in an area of extensive logging, Tasmania
9099:
8959:
8751:
8575:
8566:
8103:
7833:
7544:
7414:
7362:
6487:
6280:"South Africa Water Project Clears Water-Guzzling Alien Plant Infestations"
6246:
5754:
5697:
5648:
5558:
5483:
5420:
5220:"Eucalyptus fossils in New Zealand - the thin end of the wedge - Mike Pole"
5205:
5146:
4753:
4712:
4182:
3803:
3488:
3416:
3209:
3201:
3179:
sp. has been criticised because of concerns that soil would be degraded by
3127:
2821:
2669:
2625:
2617:
2578:
2502:
2439:
2369:
2277:
2245:
2203:
1328:
1293:
1277:
676:
262:
8696:
8423:
A Key to the Eucalypts: with descriptions of 522 species and 150 varieties
8371:"Eucalyptus - the 'thirsty' trees threatening to 'drink' South Africa dry"
5346:
4843:
2977:
can spread at a rapid rate. The absence of natural inhibitors such as the
2941:
makes up by far the largest population in the state. One way in which the
1950:
hardy strains that are planted for ornament in colder parts of the world.
1509:, while others have not diverged completely from their nearest relatives.
1327:
In 1777, on Cook's third expedition, David Nelson collected a eucalypt on
305:
8915:
8760:
7845:
7449:
6478:
6461:
6157:
5933:
J. K. Agee; R. H. Wakimoto; E. F. Darly; H. H. Biswell (September 1973).
5826:
Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2005
5806:
5398:
3887:
3404:
3383:
company created eucalyptus plantations for firing its steam locomotives.
3214:
2661:
2582:
2518:
2482:
2381:
1841:, the Australian 'mountain ash', is the tallest of all flowering plants (
1706:
1689:
are cultivated widely in the tropical and temperate world, including the
1682:
1063:
and waxy or glossy green. In contrast, the leaves of seedlings are often
994:
892:
878:
505:
426:
237:
43:
8655:
L'HĂ©ritier's original diagnosis of the genus online on Project Gutenberg
8556:
8531:
7928:
7458:
7241:. Development in Geochemistry. Vol. 6. Elsevier. pp. 485â494.
5271:
3471:, threatening biodiversity by isolating remaining natural areas such as
2981:
or pathogens native to Australia have aided in the spread of California
2269:
study, it was found that the fuel load (in tons per acre) of non-native
8894:
8268:
7307:
3737:
was introduced more successfully and it is still a very common tree in
3607:
3356:
2858:
2773:
2749:
2695:
2665:
2613:
2377:
2365:
2230:
1862:
1842:
1667:
1619:
1448:
contributed greatly to the first comprehensive account of the genus in
1301:
1270:
1052:
888:
576:
227:
88:
53:
7375:
7320:
6609:
5745:
5639:
3794:
planters, for wind protection, shade and fuel. Forestry replanting of
3616:. As of the late 20th century, there were an estimated 120 species of
3299:
601:
trees, including mallets and marlocks, are single-stemmed and include
8920:
8850:
8837:
8012:
7834:"Socio-Economic and Medicinal Review of Eucalyptus Tree in the World"
7654:"A expansĂŁo descontrolada do eucalipto em Portugal: "E pur si muove""
6431:"Ant Repellent Activity of Eucalyptus Extracts in Choice Tests, 1988"
6256:
5982:(Report). U.S. Government Printing Office. March 2006. Archived from
5094:
4441:(6th ed.). Sunset Publishing Corporation. 1995. pp. 606â7.
4356:
4186:
3820:
3815:
3783:
3500:
3441:
landscape and has largely displaced the slow-growing native 'cedar' (
3327:
3279:
3267:
3251:
2825:
2809:
2793:
2768:
clearly showed deposits of gold and other metals in the structure of
2517:. They have been planted (or re-planted) in some places to lower the
2463:
2455:
2420:
2416:
2361:
2166:
2134:
2098:
1995:
1799:
1795:
1761:
1741:
1725:
1671:
1614:
1396:
were named and published. Most of these were by the English botanist
1033:
1029:
704:
437:
425:, and a few are shrubs. Along with several other genera in the tribe
414:
217:
93:
8722:
8260:
7291:
7073:
du littoral congolais. Memoire I.D.R., Universite de Rennes, France.
5902:"This is how Australia could recover from its devastating wildfires"
4796:
Sertum Anglicum, seu, Plantae rariores quae in hortis juxta Londinum
1226:
Sertum Anglicum, seu, Plantae rariores quae in hortis juxta Londinum
525:
from shrubs to tall trees. Trees usually have a single main stem or
488:, are able to resprout after fire, or have seeds that survive fire.
9094:
8745:
7575:
Palgrave, K.C.; Drummond, R.B.; Moll, E.J.; Palgrave, M.C. (2002).
5890:(eds.) Vegetation of Tasmania., pp. 198â223. Australian Government.
5522:
4232:
3811:
3669:. They are also valued for the characteristic smelling and tasting
3662:
3568:
3514:
3496:
3467:
Much of Madagascar's original native forest has been replaced with
3412:
3392:
3344:
3318:
2837:
2813:
2787:
In the 20th century, scientists around the world experimented with
2709:
2574:
2542:
2424:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2338:
wood is high due to its high resin content, increasing the hazard.
2234:
2192:
2161:
2002:
1947:
1925:
1776:
1765:
1690:
1608:
1603:
1496:
1332:
976:
887:âis hard, rough, and deeply furrowed. It is impregnated with dried
884:
680:
656:
537:
493:
485:
442:
431:
207:
184:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
8842:
6462:"Comparative Efficacy of Insect Repellents against Mosquito Bites"
5805:. Robert Sward: Poet, Novelist and Workshop Leader. Archived from
3362:
Overall, South America was expected to produce 55% of the world's
3245:; they are used mainly for pulp mills. Approximately 80,000 ha of
1075:. But many exceptions to this pattern exist. Many species such as
898:
Tessellatedâbark is broken up into many distinct flakes. They are
9006:
8933:
4205:
4119:
3633:
3275:
3263:
3150:
2817:
2729:
2526:
2490:
2467:
2459:
2094:
1858:
1808:
1480:
1364:
612:
568:
98:
73:
8529:
6975:
6166:(2nd ed.). University of California Press. pp. 913â4.
5935:"Eucalyptus: Fuel Dynamics and Fire Hazard in the Oakland Hills"
5886:
Reid, J.B. & Potts, B.M. (2005). Eucalypt Biology. In: Reid
4538:
3695:, eucalypts are widely found, especially in southern Greece and
1550:
and due to its wide distribution is often referred to in texts.
895:
exuded by the tree) which gives a dark red or even black colour.
6767:"Eucalyptus: California Icon, Fire Hazard and Invasive Species"
6374:
4375:
4308:
3999:
3873:
3834:
3807:
3791:
3738:
3692:
3666:
3492:
3314:
3310:
3259:
3159:
3084:
2805:
2657:
2530:
2529:
by draining the soil in Algeria, Lebanon, Sicily, elsewhere in
2249:
2172:
1802:
of South-Eastern Australia, and has failed to uncover a single
1749:
1698:
1694:
1651:
1599:
1401:
1379:
1340:
1281:
1192:
1149:
466:
197:
8680:
Santos, Robert. 1997 Denair, CA : Alley-Cass Publications
8425:(reprint (3rd) ed.). Canberra: Forest and Timber Bureau.
8308:
6716:
The Eucalyptus of California - Seeds of good or seeds of evil?
5270:. Tasmanian Giant Trees Consultative Committee. Archived from
4520:. Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research
3525:
species have been able to become naturalised in South Africa:
2089:
family are causal agents in leaf diseases and stem cankers of
8670:
The Eucalyptus of California: Seeds of Good or Seeds of Evil?
8222:(Report). David Suddian Biological Consulting. Archived from
7631:"Floresta industrial - Silvicultura do eucalipto em Portugal"
6608:
India Flint, Botanical Alchemist. "The Scent of Eucalyptus."
5162:"Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America"
4891:
4857:
4575:. Euclid: Australian National Botanic Gardens. Archived from
4213:
3869:
3696:
3670:
3645:
3629:
3518:
3504:
3438:
3255:
2995:
2978:
2829:
2745:
2741:
2545:
2538:
2486:
2431:
2389:
2334:. Although all large trees can drop branches, the density of
2273:
woods is almost three times as great as native oak woodland.
2034:
1971:
1710:
1647:
1492:
1253:
1247:
497:
458:
454:
406:
145:
7574:
6971:
6969:
6071:"Beware of falling gum trees in summer heat, arborists warn"
5664:"Novel species of Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae"
5496:
370:
8520:
7679:
7314:
5159:
3164:
2737:
2733:
2653:
2428:
2284:
trees to "about a third of their height in the vicinity of
1501:
1383:
834:âor only in a thick, black accumulation at the base, as in
675:, immature woodland trees, showing collective crown habit,
394:
376:
19:
This article is about the plant genus. For other uses, see
7427:
7369:
7269:
6584:"Taylor debuts guitars with urban sourced eucalyptus wood"
6561:"What Material or Wood Should my Didgeridoo be made from?"
5244:
History of the Australian vegetation: Cretaceous to Recent
4792:
3770:
Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore
1865:). Six other eucalypt species exceed 80 metres in height:
1324:; neither of these species was named as such at the time.
1127:
exhibits the opposite pattern of leaf development to most
8609:) to 917 species/subspecies taxonomy as of December 2009.
8460:(5th ed.). Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing.
7706:"Eucaliptos de interesse pĂșblico: um roteiro em Portugal"
6966:
6960:
5297:"Cold Hardiness of Five Eucalypts in Northern California"
4123:
3865:
3851:
3787:
2725:
385:
8636:
8493:
8447:
7081:
7079:
6827:"Eucalyptus: How California's Most Hated Tree Took Root"
6629:""Gold leaf" trees discovered in the Australian outback"
5781:"Section Three: Problems, Cares, Economics, and Species"
3499:
but also for ornamental purposes. They are popular with
3104:
It was introduced in Argentina around 1870 by President
1134:
Four leaf phases are recognised in the development of a
8494:
Kelly, Stan; Chippendale, G.M.; Johnston, R.D. (1989).
7980:
Glenk, Helmut; Blaich, Horst; Haering, Manfred (2005).
6875:"El eucalipto, ĂĄrbol fundamental en el campo argentino"
5011:(4 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 158.
4476:
Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen
3583:
have been recorded as having become naturalised there.
2477:
species have attracted attention from horticulturists,
1121:, have shiny green leaves throughout their life cycle.
8008:"Union Minister announces Rs. 25-crore fund for IFGTB"
7609:"Qual a origem do eucalipto e como chegou a Portugal?"
5529:
Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi
5453:
3351:, Greenwood Management or cellulose producers such as
3028:
Despite these issues, there are calls to preserve the
2965:
has historically been planted to replace California's
2210:
trees bent over due to the high winds and heat of the
795:) or more tightly adherent (as in the "boxes" such as
8498:. Vol. 1 (Revised ed.). Melbourne: Nelson.
7193:
7076:
6930:
6928:
6852:. University of California, San Diego. Archived from
4924:(in Latin). Paris: Petri Francisci Didot. p. 11.
2525:. Eucalypts have also been used as a way of reducing
2396:
have been grown in plantations for the production of
2122:
sprouting vigorously from epicormic buds beneath the
1423:
to be collected and subsequently named was the Yate (
874:
Different commonly recognised types of bark include:
397:
373:
367:
7831:
7263:
5087:
3935:
3910:
observes that sometimes short-billed birds like the
2906:
The Howard-Ralston Eucalyptus Tree Rows, planted in
1556:, a phenolic compound present in the leaves of some
1258:
meaning '(I) cover, conceal, hide' referring to the
391:
388:
382:
8603:
Lucid Online Player - EUCLID Eucalypts of Australia
7728:"Italian Health Tip: Eucalyptus Branches in Shower"
7187:
7086:Bernhard-Reversat, France (1999). "The leaching of
6375:Nanko, Hirko; Button, Allan; Hillman, Dave (2005).
4600:"Tasmania's giant ash trees may be world's tallest"
3733:in the 1860s, but did not acclimatise well. Later,
2873:was particularly unsuitable, as the ties made from
2779:
2616:. The low coarseness is important for high quality
2292:so much as hits a leaf, it's supposed to explode."
1359:, meaning "well" and "covered" in reference to the
379:
9169:Taxa named by Charles Louis L'HĂ©ritier de Brutelle
7979:
7952:
7914:
6925:
5233:
5231:
5229:
3606:in 1829. First as an ornamental but soon after in
3517:are usually unable to compete with the indigenous
2510:, leading to controversy over their total impact.
2081:have been associated with leaf disease on various
1400:and most were, as might be expected, trees of the
905:Boxâhas short fibres. Some also show tessellation.
8214:
7421:
7085:
7027:Donn ex Sm.) forest in south-western Australia".
7016:
5774:
5772:
3628:species of public interest in Portugal, namely a
3021:in Berkeley, which destroyed 568 homes. The 1991
1187:The most readily recognisable characteristics of
703:, juvenile, showing low branching 'mallee' form,
9150:
8283:"South African Government Gazette: Number 37320"
8246:
6741:"Growth of Eucalyptus in California Plantations"
6685:"Global Eucalyptus Map 2009... in Buenos Aires!"
6460:Fradin, Mark S.; Day, John F. (7 October 2009).
6379:. Appleton, WI, USA: WOMP, LLC. pp. 107â9.
6346:
6313:TECHNICAL NOTES - U.S. Department of Agriculture
6048:"Tree man's gum an Eastern States 'widow maker'"
6013:
5046:Eucalyptus: Its History, Growth, and Utilization
3450:It was commonly believed that the thirst of the
3274:generation). Most of the products obtained from
3175:established in prairie regions. The planting of
3056:management to stave off potential fire hazards.
2935:are all present in California, but the blue gum
2869:. It was soon found that for the latter purpose
1404:region. These include the economically valuable
840:. In some species in this category, for example
621:of 72.9 meters height and of 5.71 meters girth.
8077:. JanuaryâMarch 2010. p. 2. Archived from
7506:An example of a poster from a campaign against
6946:
6944:
6902:
6900:
5433:Threatened species & ecological communities
5226:
5118:
3860:Due to similar favourable climatic conditions,
3226:culture on prairie soilsâstream acidification.
3200:and soil physical and chemical properties. The
2462:. Fast growth also makes eucalypts suitable as
2248:high in phenolics, preventing its breakdown by
2229:situated deep within their thick bark, or from
8474:
8075:Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding
6133:Sustainable Horticulture in Semiarid Dry Lands
5769:
5516:
5290:
5288:
5038:
5036:
5034:
4914:
4793:L'HĂ©ritier de Brutelle, Charles Louis (1789).
3918:trees with their nostrils clogged with pitch.
3153:in approximately 1896, throughout what is now
2415:Eucalypts have many uses which have made them
1845:); today, the tallest measured specimen named
1280:and sent it to de Brutelle who was working in
16:Genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family
7022:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6355:. California State University. Archived from
6062:
5819:
5787:. California State University. Archived from
4671:
4669:
4667:
4665:
3167:, but they have not expanded so extensively.
2603:hybrid (in the tropics). The fibre length of
8637:Currency Creek Arboretum - Eucalypt Research
7570:
7568:
7566:
6941:
6897:
6105:California State University, Dominguez Hills
5371:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
5330:"Eucalyptus shows unexpected cold tolerance"
5328:Hasey, J. K.; Connor, J. M. (1 March 1990).
5323:
5321:
5112:
4786:
4122:. The lower part of the trunk is covered in
3017:trees were a catalyst for the spread of the
2740:), simply by processing the plant part with
2694:Eucalypt wood is also commonly used to make
813:) the rough bark is infused with gum resin.
801:). In some species (the "ironbarks" such as
8590:. Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University.
8173:
8036:"Let scientists decide what is good for us"
7910:
7908:
7906:
7904:
7652:Marques, José Trincão (11 September 2018).
7492:. Colorado State University. Archived from
6539:"How a Didgeridoo is Made - Myth and Facts"
6349:"Section Two: Physical Properties and Uses"
6273:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6223:
6221:
6201:
6199:
5327:
5285:
5246:. Cambridge University Press. p. 390.
5031:
4591:
3673:that is produced from them. The variety of
1495:to the extent that they are quite isolated
1265:The type specimen was collected in 1777 by
1003:var. 'Rosea' showing flowers and buds with
8697:EUCALYPTOLOGICS: Information Resources on
8530:Myburg, Alexander A.; et al. (2014).
8240:
8028:
7948:
7946:
7490:"Brazil Eucalyptus Potential Productivity"
7325:sp. at the northwestern Uruguayan soils".
7239:Diversity of Environmental Biogeochemistry
6846:"Tree Wars: The Secret Life of Eucalyptus"
6837:
6363:
6325:
6123:
5822:"Unusual phenomena in an extreme bushfire"
5820:Dold, J.W.; Weber, R.O.; Gill, M. (2005).
4799:. Paris: Petri Francisci Didot. p. 11
4662:
3984:are listed as Category 1b invaders in the
3395:in either 1894 or 1895, either by Emperor
2573:is the most common short fibre source for
2316:drop branches unexpectedly. In Australia,
2179:The two valuable timber trees, alpine ash
1224:who published the description in his book
655:, a forest tree, showing crown dimension,
631:Medium-sized: 10â30 m (33â98 ft)
628:Small: to 10 m (33 ft) in height
304:
109:
8582:
8565:
8555:
8411:
8319:
8199:
7563:
7557:
7522:
7457:
6707:
6705:
6477:
6459:
6407:. Goldenscape Tree Africa. Archived from
6277:
6255:
6245:
5744:
5704:
5687:
5655:
5638:
5602:
5585:
5565:
5548:
5504:. United States Department of Agriculture
5345:
5318:
5240:"The history of selected Australian taxa"
5195:
5185:
5136:
4743:
4702:
4049:, showing fruit (capsules) and buds with
2885:They went on to note that the promise of
8703:Iglesias Trabado, Gustavo (2007-current)
7901:
7750:
6783:
6743:. University of California Print. Office
6264:
6218:
6196:
5856:
5004:
3293:
2901:
2419:important trees, and they have become a
2345:
2299:
2202:
2144:
2133:
2114:
1630:). The generic name is derived from the
1583:
1576:varies considerably in certain species.
1220:was first formally described in 1789 by
1173:
1160:
1010:
993:
8521:L'HĂ©ritier de Brutelles, C. L. (1789).
8475:Brooker, M.I.H.; Kleinig, D.A. (2006).
8420:
8393:
7943:
7804:Lives of the trees: an uncommon history
7651:
7482:
7236:
6738:
6720:. University Library - Stanislaus State
6303:
6234:Ethnobotany Research & Applications
6045:
6039:
5882:
5880:
5294:
5260:
5042:
4726:Saveyn, A.; et al. (Summer 2010).
4512:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4472:
3059:Efforts to remove some of California's
2442:. Best-known are perhaps the varieties
2364:to the rest of the world following the
2341:
1953:
1831:Several eucalypt species are among the
637:Very tall: over 60 m (200 ft)
118:Buds, capsules, flowers and foliage of
9151:
8683:
8448:Boland, D.J.; M.I.H.; McDonald; M.W.;
8400:International Review of Social History
8000:
7534:
7166:
6843:
6824:
6702:
6677:
6500:
6156:
6129:
6068:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5778:
4969:
4934:
4816:
4814:
4725:
4099:Red Hill, Australian Capital Territory
3571:, mainly for timber and firewood, and
2708:Eucalypt wood is also being used as a
2689:
2434:, despite concerns that the trees are
2085:species. Several fungal species from
1807:drying out of the continent since the
1468:
8727:
8726:
8368:
7819:"Europa Oggi - Italia terra da miele"
7751:Portelli, Paul (September 11, 2013).
6801:
6799:
6760:
6758:
6227:
6101:"Physical Properties of Common Woods"
5899:
5350:(inactive 2024-07-29). Archived from
5119:Bohlmann, J.; Keeling, C. I. (2008).
4820:
4684:
4532:
4407:
4405:
4149:- National Botanical Gardens Canberra
2324:. Some councils in Australia such as
2280:, one California town cut down their
2104:
2064:
1419:The first endemic Western Australian
1156:
624:Tree sizes follow the convention of:
615:, Portugal in Vale de Canas. It is a
445:or "gum trees". Plants in the genus
9113:22ad8546-8f00-4999-9b20-e40d11229ad5
9022:f9d0d24e-f701-445b-aec5-eec4e7ab4228
8659:
8312:Biological Invasions in South Africa
6805:
6764:
6504:Essential Chemistry for Aromatherapy
6428:
5877:
5490:
5237:
5101:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2019
4760:
4501:
4468:
4466:
2912:National Register of Historic Places
2612:that are important for all types of
2537:), and California. Drainage removes
2485:, or an ability to be used to drain
2151:2019â2020 Australian bushfire season
2149:Epicormic growth shooting after the
1904:
1849:is 100.5 m (330 ft) tall.
1308:. There they collected specimens of
1222:Charles Louis L'HĂ©ritier de Brutelle
473:commonly referred to as a "gumnut".
7886:. John Murray. 1973. Archived from
7816:
6825:Daniel, Potter (February 1, 2018).
6739:Metcalf, Woodbridge (Oct 1, 1924).
6610:http://www.indiaflint.com/page6.htm
6581:
5962:
5456:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
5413:
5379:
4826:The Composition of Scientific Words
4811:
4565:
2676:oils for a wide range of purposes.
2438:in some environments like those of
2295:
1662:There are more than 700 species of
1433:, who collected in what is now the
1020:, showing glaucous leaves and stems
744:, showing 'marlock' form, Melbourne
634:Tall: 30â60 m (98â197 ft)
13:
8532:"The genome of Eucalyptus grandis"
8291:Government Gazette of South Africa
8044:. 21 November 2013. Archived from
7986:. Trafford Publishing. p. 6.
7539:(2nd ed.). Benn. p. 48.
7247:10.1016/B978-0-444-88900-3.50052-7
6806:Emma, Marris (November 30, 2016).
6796:
6788:. Audubon Magazine. Archived from
6755:
6711:
4597:
4402:
3828:
3567:species have been introduced into
3487:species have been introduced into
3196:. Such changes may also influence
2910:, in the 1870s, are listed on the
1922:E. pauciflora subsp. debeuzevillei
1764:. This shows that the genus had a
1752:(51.9 Mya), and were found in the
1602:that are commonly referred to as "
1378:, meaning "oblique", which is the
14:
9185:
8596:
7676:"Ărvores Monumentais de Portugal"
6098:
5075:. Commonwealth of Australia. 2017
4828:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
4463:
3986:National Environmental Management
3755:Mikveh Israel Agricultural School
2792:eucalypts were something of the "
2631:
2368:expedition in 1770. Collected by
2212:October 2007 California wildfires
2141:forest in a state of regeneration
1579:
1335:. This specimen was taken to the
560:are examples of eucalypt shrubs.
516:
8362:
8345:
8302:
8275:
8215:David L. Suddjian (2004-06-03).
8208:
8201:10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00262.x
8167:
8142:
8121:
8096:
8060:
7973:
7868:
7825:
7810:
7796:
7770:
7744:
7720:
7698:
7668:
7645:
7623:
7601:
7551:
7528:
7516:
7500:
7379:Science of the Total Environment
7200:Science of the Total Environment
6844:Henter, Heather (January 2005).
6647:"Gold Grows On Eucalyptus Trees"
6023:. Parks Victoria. Archived from
6006:Treanor, Tom, "The Home Front,"
5737:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05714.x
5596:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00598.x
5138:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03449.x
4745:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02197.x
4704:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01984.x
4363:
4339:
4315:
4291:
4272:
4247:
4224:
4194:
4169:
4154:
4131:
4106:
4085:
4058:
4037:
4016:
3864:plantations have often replaced
3677:most commonly found in Italy is
3298:A c. 13-year-old plantation, in
3094:
2843:
2320:warns campers not to camp under
2046:
2027:
1731:
1228:along with a description of the
968:
950:
932:
914:
732:
715:
691:
663:
643:
508:due to their high flammability.
363:
132:
41:
9074:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:27534-1
8180:Global Ecology and Biogeography
7399:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.075
7230:
7160:
7130:
7063:
6954:
6888:
6867:
6818:
6777:
6732:
6668:
6639:
6621:
6602:
6575:
6553:
6531:
6494:
6466:New England Journal of Medicine
6453:
6435:Insecticide and Acaricide Tests
6422:
6393:
6340:
6319:
6304:Minshew, Chimene (April 2021).
6297:
6150:
6092:
6000:
5926:
5893:
5850:
5813:
5795:
5447:
5268:"Tasmania's Ten Tallest Giants"
5212:
5153:
5065:
4998:
4963:
4928:
4908:
4884:
4850:
4719:
4678:
3473:Andasibe-Mantadia National Park
3250:free pulp mill production (for
3170:Uruguayan forestry crops using
2581:. The types most often used in
2489:and thereby reduce the risk of
2380:, southern Europe, Africa, the
2360:Eucalypts were introduced from
2126:damaged bark on the trunk of a
1918:E. pauciflora subsp. niphophila
1853:is about the same height; only
1790:It is useful to consider where
1657:
1642:) "to cover", referring to the
1572:and the ratio of the amount of
1564:discrimination in the sections
1461:(1903â33) and still further by
1276:. He collected the specimen on
727:, showing shrub form, Melbourne
6784:Williams, Ted (January 2002).
4685:Eyles, A; et al. (2009).
4636:
4617:
4431:
4009:
2755:
2198:
1826:
1814:The current superdominance of
1170:, showing flowers and opercula
511:
347:Schauer in J.G.C.Lehmann, 1844
1:
7347:10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00258-6
7272:Journal of Vegetation Science
7116:10.1016/S0929-1393(99)00005-0
7049:10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00155-3
7029:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
7002:10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00052-8
6982:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
6808:"The Great Eucalyptus Debate"
6765:Liza, Gross (June 12, 2013).
6429:Jahn, Gary (1 January 1991).
6046:Thomson, Chris (2010-03-10).
5900:Beall, Abigail (2020-01-13).
5871:10.1016/S0262-4079(07)61969-1
5476:10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00123-4
5095:"Greater Blue Mountains Area"
4992:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83632-8
4957:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82772-7
4732:Plant, Cell & Environment
4691:Plant, Cell & Environment
4644:"Eucalyptus Tree Information"
4395:
3391:Eucalypts were introduced to
3309:Eucalypts were introduced to
3130:region has small forests and
2591:(in temperate areas) and the
754:All eucalypts add a layer of
556:growing on coastal cliffs in
461:are fused to form a "cap" or
441:, they are commonly known as
8701:cultivation around the World
8645:Online Book & Newsletter
8588:Economic History of Ethiopia
8321:10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_15
8129:"Another pest, another tree"
7216:10.1016/0048-9697(89)90157-5
6689:GIT Forestry Eucalyptologics
6653:. 2013-10-23. Archived from
6353:The Eucalyptus of California
6328:"A Modern Herbal:Eucalyptus"
6278:Robertson, D. (2005-03-22).
6130:Hiwale, S. (16 March 2015).
5803:"Eucalytus Roulette (con't)"
5785:The Eucalyptus of California
5631:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.12.002
5295:Sekella, D. (January 2003).
5187:10.1371/journal.pone.0021084
4675:Brooker & Kleinig (2001)
4370:Eucalypt woodland area near
4353:Blue Mountains National Park
3908:Point Reyes Bird Observatory
3786:in the late 19th century by
3761:trees are now considered an
2994:trees. Notable examples are
2541:which provide a habitat for
2185:and Australian mountain ash
2056:larvae feeding on the leaves
1650:that initially conceals the
1254:
1248:
595:is an example of a marlock.
409:of more than 700 species of
7:
8369:Coles, Wayne (2020-01-21).
7708:. myplanet.pt. 10 July 2020
5435:. Dept. of the Environment
3899:groves replace oak forest.
3591:
3379:In the East of Angola, the
3326:plantings are also used as
2682:is the principal source of
2559:
2533:, in the Caucasus (Western
2326:Gosnells, Western Australia
1681:ranges as far north as the
1491:from the mainstream of the
1374:was derived from the Latin
1269:, the gardener-botanist on
1211:
521:Eucalypts vary in size and
21:Eucalyptus (disambiguation)
10:
9190:
8662:"Handbook of Energy Crops"
8394:Bennett, Brett M. (2010).
7778:"The Seasonality of Honey"
5779:Santos, Robert L. (1997).
4892:
4858:
4648:Home Guides | SF Gate
4439:Sunset Western Garden Book
3706:
3048:, to debate the merits of
2861:by Australians during the
2638:
2563:
2412:and rotations management.
2108:
2008:Austroplatypus incompertus
1994:) allows koalas and other
1771:Despite the prominence of
1754:Laguna del Hunco Formation
1475:List of Eucalyptus species
1472:
1287:
1262:covering the flower buds.
18:
8735:
8716:Atlas of Living Australia
8458:Forest Trees of Australia
8413:10.1017/S0020859010000489
7967:10.1080/00263209908701280
6751:– via Google Books.
6405:GoldenscapeTreeAfrica.org
6401:"Goldenscape Tree Africa"
6347:Santos, Robert L (1997).
6163:The Digital Jepson Manual
5395:Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
5049:. A.J. Johnston. p.
4916:L'HĂ©ritier, Charles Louis
4543:Forest Trees of Australia
4485:10.1007/978-3-0348-7650-6
4419:. Australian Plant Census
3782:trees were introduced to
3686:
3586:
3563:As in South Africa, many
3425:, although he also found
3369:
3282:, as well as plywood and
3233:species most planted are
2953:central part of the state
2857:trees were introduced to
2254:Oakland firestorm of 1991
1429:) by the French botanist
989:
331:W.Anderson ex R.Br., 1810
324:
317:
312:
303:
288:
283:
268:
261:
129:Scientific classification
127:
117:
108:
30:
9174:Australasian realm flora
8584:Pankhurst, Richard K. P.
8456:; Kleinig; D.A. (2006).
7577:Trees of Southern Africa
7430:Water Resources Research
6786:"America's Largest Weed"
6651:National Geographic News
6377:The World of Market Pulp
5680:10.3767/003158509X479531
5541:10.3767/003158514X681981
5121:"Terpenoid biomaterials"
4630:27 December 2019 at the
4473:Genaust, Helmut (1976).
4031:University of Canterbury
3639:
3204:effects associated with
2969:population, and the new
2728:that are substantive on
2656:supplements, especially
2331:Seven Little Australians
2308:limbs on a walking track
1857:is taller, and they are
1728:emitted by these trees.
1598:is one of three similar
1539:Eucalyptus Ă erythrandra
1208:are notable exceptions.
1181:Eucalyptus camaldulensis
945:native to Southeast Asia
8660:Duke, James A. (1983).
8477:South-eastern Australia
8421:Blakely, W.F. (1972) .
8068:"Van Vigyan Newslatter"
7327:Environmental Pollution
7138:"æŸłéšćéœćźçœ-æŸłéšćéœćš±äčćș-æŸłéšćéœè”ćș"
4874:A GreekâEnglish Lexicon
4518:"Learn about eucalypts"
3914:are found dead beneath
3717:
3407:because of the massive
3023:Oakland Hills firestorm
2715:
1937:Eucalyptus subcrenulata
1880:Eucalyptus diversicolor
1874:Eucalyptus delegatensis
1347:by the French botanist
1047:The leaves on a mature
789:or peppermints such as
749:
618:Eucalyptus diversicolor
9164:Taxa described in 1789
8684:Farmer, Jared (2014).
8041:The New Indian Express
7955:Middle Eastern Studies
7535:Buxton, David (1957).
6247:10.17348/era.5.0.85-93
5942:California Agriculture
5334:California Agriculture
5043:Sellers, C.H. (1910).
4300:Eucalyptus chapmaniana
4265:Burra, New South Wales
4046:Eucalyptus sideroxylon
4026:Eucalyptus macarthurii
3939:as an invasive species
3306:
3217:changes, similar to a
3046:San Francisco Bay Area
2945:, mainly the blue gum
2915:
2908:Burlingame, California
2900:
2796:" of forestry. Today,
2766:Australian Synchrotron
2423:in poor areas such as
2357:
2309:
2215:
2153:
2142:
2131:
2111:Bushfires in Australia
2039:Phascolarctos cinereus
1736:The oldest definitive
1638:) "well" and ÎșαλÏÏÏÏ (
1622:from any break in the
1592:
1184:
1171:
1021:
1008:
963:, the white-topped box
927:, the apple-topped box
571:" are only applied to
9043:Paleobiology Database
8375:Invasive Species Blog
7753:"The eucalyptus tree"
7579:. Struik Publishers.
7092:Acacia auriculiformis
5389:Eucalyptus pauciflora
5347:10.3733/ca.v044n02p25
5005:Gledhill, D. (2008).
4865:Liddell, Henry George
3902:Birds that thrive in
3837:, some 90 species of
3725:seeds of the species
3317:substitution and the
3297:
2905:
2883:
2783:as plantation species
2700:Australian Aboriginal
2624:is suitable for many
2355:Namadgi National Park
2349:
2303:
2267:National Park Service
2206:
2148:
2137:
2118:
1913:Eucalyptus pauciflora
1587:
1487:are known. Some have
1463:William Faris Blakely
1442:Ferdinand von Mueller
1431:Jacques LabillardiĂšre
1177:
1167:Eucalyptus melliodora
1164:
1014:
1000:Eucalyptus leucoxylon
997:
586:Eucalyptus astringens
8690:ZĂłcalo Public Square
8174:Sax, Dov F. (2002).
7846:10.2139/ssrn.3644215
7450:10.1029/2007WR006659
7096:Applied Soil Ecology
7025:Eucalyptus marginata
6479:10.1056/nejmoa011699
6206:WorldWatch Institute
6010:, 1942-01-27, p. A.
5301:Pacific Horticulture
4822:Brown, Roland Wilbur
4239:), in winter in the
4118:planted in southern
3912:ruby-crowned kinglet
3816:eucalyptus gall wasp
3411:around the city for
3155:Maldonado Department
3106:Domingo F. Sarmiento
2863:California Gold Rush
2724:may be used to make
2594:Eucalyptus urophylla
2342:Cultivation and uses
2158:Australia-New Guinea
1968:marsupial herbivores
1954:Animal relationships
1931:Eucalyptus coccifera
1898:Eucalyptus viminalis
1606:", the others being
1312:and later, near the
1242:is derived from the
533:Eucalyptus vernicosa
8557:10.1038/nature13308
8548:2014Natur.510..356M
8249:Colonial Waterbirds
8192:2002GloEB..11...49S
8048:on December 2, 2013
7878:Eucalyptus globulus
7537:Travels in Ethiopia
7442:2008WRR....44.0A03F
7391:2012ScTEn.438..549C
7339:2004EPoll.127...49C
7284:1998JVegS...9..173A
7208:1989ScTEn..81..481M
7196:Eucalyptus globulus
7148:on December 1, 2020
7108:1999AppSE..12..251B
7041:2000SBiBi..32.1817G
6994:1999SBiBi..31.1481A
6978:Eucalyptus globulus
6938:Montevideo, Uruguay
6657:on October 23, 2013
6588:Woodworking Network
6182:10.1525/j.ctt1pn9sv
5729:2012MolEc..21.4452P
5623:2013FunB..117...94P
5468:2000BioSE..28..813E
5238:Hill, R.S. (1994).
5178:2011PLoSO...621084G
5008:The Names of Plants
4984:1966PChem...5..541H
4949:1967PChem...6..259H
3845:Eucalyptus deglupta
3749:had begun planting
3729:were imported into
3194:soil organic matter
2921:Eucalyptus rostrata
2690:Musical instruments
2679:Eucalyptus globulus
2588:Eucalyptus globulus
2041:) eating the leaves
1892:Eucalyptus globulus
1715:Indian subcontinent
1703:Mediterranean Basin
1677:Eucalyptus deglupta
1469:Species and hybrids
1459:Joseph Henry Maiden
1454:Flora Australiensis
1252:meaning 'good' and
1051:plant are commonly
592:Eucalyptus platypus
8676:2019-09-27 at the
8452:; G.M.; Hall; N.;
8084:on 2 December 2013
8016:. 19 February 2010
7732:GRAND VOYAGE ITALY
6712:Santos, Robert L.
6615:2010-06-14 at the
6582:Sampson, William.
6228:Luzar, J. (2007).
6213:: Our Urban Future
6211:State of the World
6069:Thistleton, John.
5429:(Miena Cider Gum)"
4756:– via Wiley.
4140:Eucalyptus cinerea
3624:There are various
3399:'s French advisor
3307:
3181:nutrient depletion
2916:
2600:Eucalyptus grandis
2479:global development
2410:wildlife corridors
2358:
2310:
2286:anti-aircraft guns
2233:, or by producing
2216:
2154:
2143:
2132:
2105:Adaptation to fire
2087:Teratosphaeriaceae
2065:Diseases on plants
1868:Eucalyptus obliqua
1838:Eucalyptus regnans
1593:
1589:Eucalyptus regnans
1542:is believed to be
1398:James Edward Smith
1382:term describing a
1345:Eucalyptus obliqua
1306:Captain James Cook
1235:Eucalyptus obliqua
1185:
1172:
1157:Flowers and fruits
1022:
1009:
902:and can flake off.
652:Eucalyptus regnans
611:, can be found in
604:Eucalyptus regnans
573:Western Australian
417:. Most species of
271:Eucalyptus obliqua
9146:
9145:
9030:Open Tree of Life
8729:Taxon identifiers
8630:ANPSA Plant Guide
8542:(7505): 356â362.
8505:978-0-670-90178-4
8432:978-0-642-95077-2
8331:978-3-030-32394-3
8154:www.to-hawaii.com
8150:"Eucalyptus Tree"
7993:978-1-4120-3506-4
7929:10.1093/mj/kjv038
7840:. Rochester, NY.
7817:Martino, Gianni.
7784:. 9 November 2016
7686:on 9 January 2015
7256:978-0-444-88900-3
6386:978-0-615-13013-2
6173:978-0-520-95137-2
6008:Los Angeles Times
5717:Molecular Ecology
5423:Eucalyptus gunnii
5253:978-0-521-40197-5
5125:The Plant Journal
5073:"Eucalypt forest"
5018:978-0-521-86645-3
4835:978-0-87474-286-2
4547:. Csiro. p.
4494:978-3-0348-7651-3
4448:978-0-376-03851-7
4329:Sherbrooke Forest
4286:, New South Wales
3954:In South Africa,
3656:had thousands of
3604:Vila Nova de Gaia
3444:Juniperus procera
3353:Aracruz Cellulose
3126:. Currently, the
3087:and southwestern
3004:monarch butterfly
1943:Eucalyptus gunnii
1905:Frost intolerance
1886:Eucalyptus nitens
1851:Coast Douglas-fir
1740:fossils are from
1574:leucoanthocyanins
1124:Eucalyptus caesia
939:Coloured bark of
558:Western Australia
421:are trees, often
354:
353:
348:
340:
332:
257:
9181:
9139:
9138:
9126:
9125:
9116:
9115:
9103:
9102:
9090:
9089:
9077:
9076:
9064:
9063:
9051:
9050:
9038:
9037:
9025:
9024:
9015:
9014:
9002:
9001:
8989:
8988:
8986:NHMSYS0000458614
8976:
8975:
8963:
8962:
8950:
8949:
8937:
8936:
8924:
8923:
8911:
8910:
8898:
8897:
8885:
8884:
8872:
8871:
8859:
8858:
8846:
8845:
8833:
8832:
8820:
8819:
8807:
8806:
8794:
8793:
8781:
8780:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8756:
8755:
8754:
8724:
8723:
8719:
8693:
8665:
8633:
8607:Multi-access key
8591:
8579:
8569:
8559:
8526:
8517:
8490:
8471:
8444:
8417:
8415:
8385:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8349:
8343:
8342:
8323:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8287:
8279:
8273:
8272:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8234:
8228:
8221:
8212:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8171:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8160:
8146:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8135:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8114:
8100:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8089:
8083:
8072:
8064:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8053:
8032:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8004:
7998:
7997:
7977:
7971:
7970:
7950:
7941:
7940:
7912:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7895:
7872:
7866:
7865:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7814:
7808:
7807:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7789:
7774:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7763:
7757:timesofmalta.com
7748:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7724:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7713:
7702:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7691:
7682:. Archived from
7672:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7661:
7649:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7638:
7627:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7616:
7605:
7599:
7598:
7572:
7561:
7555:
7549:
7548:
7532:
7526:
7520:
7514:
7504:
7498:
7497:
7486:
7480:
7479:
7461:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7373:
7367:
7366:
7318:
7312:
7311:
7267:
7261:
7260:
7234:
7228:
7227:
7202:. 81â82: 481â8.
7198:, in Portugal".
7191:
7185:
7184:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7153:
7144:. Archived from
7134:
7128:
7127:
7083:
7074:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7020:
7014:
7013:
6973:
6964:
6958:
6952:
6948:
6939:
6932:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6910:. Archived from
6904:
6895:
6892:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6871:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6803:
6794:
6793:
6781:
6775:
6774:
6762:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6709:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6695:
6681:
6675:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6662:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6625:
6619:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6579:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6563:. Didgeridoodojo
6557:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6535:
6529:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6498:
6492:
6491:
6481:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6372:
6361:
6360:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6326:Mrs. M. Grieve.
6323:
6317:
6316:
6310:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6282:. Archived from
6275:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6249:
6225:
6216:
6203:
6194:
6193:
6154:
6148:
6147:
6127:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6107:. Archived from
6096:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6077:. Archived from
6066:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6017:
6011:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5988:
5981:
5973:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5950:
5944:. Archived from
5939:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5897:
5891:
5884:
5875:
5874:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5776:
5767:
5766:
5748:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5691:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5642:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5589:
5574:Forest Pathology
5569:
5563:
5562:
5552:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5503:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5397:. Archived from
5383:
5377:
5376:
5370:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5349:
5325:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5292:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5235:
5224:
5223:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5199:
5189:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5140:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5040:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4912:
4906:
4895:
4894:
4888:
4882:
4861:
4860:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4818:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4747:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4706:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4650:. 14 August 2012
4640:
4634:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4579:on 11 March 2007
4569:
4563:
4562:
4546:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4514:
4499:
4498:
4470:
4461:
4460:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4367:
4343:
4319:
4303:(bogong gum) in
4295:
4280:Sydney blue gums
4276:
4251:
4228:
4204:plantation near
4198:
4173:
4158:
4135:
4110:
4089:
4062:
4041:
4020:
3960:E. camaldulensis
3924:butterflies use
3856:and biodiversity
3800:railway sleepers
3763:invasive species
3735:E. camaldulensis
3680:E. camaldulensis
3654:Benito Mussolini
3528:E. camaldulensis
3401:Mondon-Vidailhet
3381:Benguela railway
3349:Thomson Forestry
3089:British Columbia
3000:great horned owl
2867:railway sleepers
2732:fibres (such as
2698:, a traditional
2370:Sir Joseph Banks
2312:Some species of
2306:E. camaldulensis
2296:Falling branches
2120:Epicormic shoots
2050:
2031:
1560:species, allows
1444:, whose work on
1343:, and was named
1257:
1251:
975:Dark, fissured '
972:
960:E. quadrangulata
954:
936:
924:E. angophoroides
918:
736:
719:
695:
672:E. camaldulensis
667:
647:
476:Most species of
411:flowering plants
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
346:
338:
330:
308:
253:
137:
136:
113:
103:
40:
36:Temporal range:
28:
27:
9189:
9188:
9184:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9179:
9178:
9149:
9148:
9147:
9142:
9134:
9129:
9121:
9119:
9111:
9106:
9098:
9093:
9085:
9080:
9072:
9067:
9059:
9054:
9046:
9041:
9033:
9028:
9020:
9018:
9010:
9005:
8997:
8992:
8984:
8979:
8971:
8966:
8958:
8953:
8945:
8940:
8932:
8927:
8919:
8914:
8906:
8901:
8893:
8888:
8880:
8875:
8867:
8862:
8854:
8849:
8841:
8836:
8828:
8823:
8815:
8810:
8802:
8797:
8789:
8784:
8776:
8774:
8765:
8764:
8759:
8750:
8749:
8744:
8731:
8706:
8678:Wayback Machine
8612:
8599:
8594:
8567:1854/LU-5655667
8525:. Paris: Didot.
8523:Sertum Anglicum
8506:
8487:
8468:
8433:
8389:
8388:
8379:
8377:
8367:
8363:
8355:
8351:
8350:
8346:
8332:
8307:
8303:
8285:
8281:
8280:
8276:
8261:10.2307/1521552
8245:
8241:
8232:
8230:
8226:
8219:
8213:
8209:
8172:
8168:
8158:
8156:
8148:
8147:
8143:
8133:
8131:
8127:
8126:
8122:
8112:
8110:
8102:
8101:
8097:
8087:
8085:
8081:
8070:
8066:
8065:
8061:
8051:
8049:
8034:
8033:
8029:
8019:
8017:
8006:
8005:
8001:
7994:
7978:
7974:
7951:
7944:
7913:
7902:
7893:
7891:
7874:
7873:
7869:
7830:
7826:
7815:
7811:
7802:
7801:
7797:
7787:
7785:
7776:
7775:
7771:
7761:
7759:
7749:
7745:
7736:
7734:
7726:
7725:
7721:
7711:
7709:
7704:
7703:
7699:
7689:
7687:
7674:
7673:
7669:
7659:
7657:
7656:. mediotejo.net
7650:
7646:
7636:
7634:
7633:. e-globulus.pt
7629:
7628:
7624:
7614:
7612:
7607:
7606:
7602:
7587:
7573:
7564:
7556:
7552:
7533:
7529:
7521:
7517:
7505:
7501:
7488:
7487:
7483:
7426:
7422:
7374:
7370:
7319:
7315:
7292:10.2307/3237116
7268:
7264:
7257:
7235:
7231:
7192:
7188:
7165:
7161:
7151:
7149:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7084:
7077:
7068:
7064:
7035:(13): 1817â27.
7021:
7017:
6974:
6967:
6959:
6955:
6949:
6942:
6933:
6926:
6917:
6915:
6906:
6905:
6898:
6893:
6889:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6859:
6857:
6842:
6838:
6823:
6819:
6804:
6797:
6782:
6778:
6763:
6756:
6746:
6744:
6737:
6733:
6723:
6721:
6710:
6703:
6693:
6691:
6683:
6682:
6678:
6673:
6669:
6660:
6658:
6645:
6644:
6640:
6627:
6626:
6622:
6617:Wayback Machine
6607:
6603:
6593:
6591:
6580:
6576:
6566:
6564:
6559:
6558:
6554:
6544:
6542:
6537:
6536:
6532:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6499:
6495:
6458:
6454:
6444:
6442:
6427:
6423:
6414:
6412:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6387:
6373:
6364:
6345:
6341:
6332:
6330:
6324:
6320:
6308:
6302:
6298:
6289:
6287:
6276:
6265:
6226:
6219:
6204:
6197:
6174:
6155:
6151:
6144:
6128:
6124:
6114:
6112:
6099:Seely, Oliver.
6097:
6093:
6084:
6082:
6067:
6063:
6053:
6051:
6044:
6040:
6030:
6028:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6005:
6001:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5979:
5975:
5974:
5963:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5937:
5931:
5927:
5918:
5916:
5898:
5894:
5885:
5878:
5865:(2615): 38â40.
5855:
5851:
5836:
5818:
5814:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5777:
5770:
5723:(18): 4452â71.
5709:
5705:
5660:
5656:
5607:
5603:
5587:10.1.1.722.6028
5570:
5566:
5521:
5517:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5491:
5452:
5448:
5438:
5436:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5404:
5402:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5364:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5326:
5319:
5310:
5308:
5293:
5286:
5277:
5275:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5236:
5227:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5158:
5154:
5117:
5113:
5104:
5102:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5041:
5032:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5003:
4999:
4968:
4964:
4933:
4929:
4913:
4909:
4889:
4885:
4879:Perseus Project
4855:
4851:
4836:
4819:
4812:
4802:
4800:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4738:(11): 1949â58.
4724:
4720:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4663:
4653:
4651:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4632:Wayback Machine
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4596:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4537:
4533:
4523:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4502:
4495:
4471:
4464:
4449:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4403:
4398:
4391:
4387:E. tereticornis
4368:
4359:
4344:
4335:
4320:
4311:
4296:
4287:
4277:
4268:
4252:
4243:
4241:Australian Alps
4229:
4220:
4199:
4190:
4174:
4165:
4159:
4150:
4136:
4127:
4111:
4102:
4097:(apple box) on
4090:
4081:
4063:
4054:
4042:
4033:
4021:
4012:
3998:are considered
3996:E. diversicolor
3982:E. tereticornis
3974:E. diversicolor
3971:conferruminata,
3941:
3858:
3831:
3829:Pacific Islands
3765:in the region.
3720:
3709:
3689:
3642:
3594:
3589:
3580:E. tereticornis
3540:E. diversicolor
3372:
3143:Antonio Lussich
3097:
2925:E. tereticornas
2846:
2840:and many more.
2785:
2758:
2718:
2703:wind instrument
2692:
2686:oil worldwide.
2670:Aromatherapists
2650:steam distilled
2643:
2637:
2568:
2562:
2523:soil salination
2458:extraction for
2427:, Mali and the
2344:
2298:
2201:
2182:E. delegatensis
2160:separated from
2113:
2107:
2069:Fungal species
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2042:
2032:
1962:extracted from
1956:
1907:
1829:
1785:New South Wales
1758:Chubut Province
1734:
1674:. One species,
1660:
1582:
1566:renantheroideae
1477:
1471:
1414:E. tereticornis
1314:Endeavour River
1298:Daniel Solander
1290:
1214:
1159:
1118:E. lansdowneana
1078:E. melanophloia
992:
985:
973:
964:
955:
946:
937:
928:
921:Bark detail of
919:
869:
831:E. occidentalis
786:E. macrorhyncha
768:E. diversicolor
752:
745:
737:
728:
724:E. angustissima
720:
711:
696:
687:
685:New South Wales
668:
659:
648:
519:
514:
500:production, or
366:
362:
279:
274:
252:
131:
121:E. tereticornis
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
38:
37:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9187:
9177:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9144:
9143:
9141:
9140:
9136:wfo-4000014088
9127:
9117:
9104:
9091:
9078:
9065:
9052:
9039:
9026:
9016:
9003:
8990:
8977:
8964:
8951:
8938:
8925:
8912:
8899:
8886:
8873:
8860:
8847:
8834:
8821:
8808:
8795:
8782:
8772:
8757:
8741:
8739:
8733:
8732:
8721:
8720:
8704:
8694:
8681:
8666:
8657:
8652:
8651:(2005-current)
8639:
8634:
8610:
8598:
8597:External links
8595:
8593:
8592:
8580:
8527:
8518:
8504:
8491:
8485:
8472:
8466:
8454:Hyland, B.P.M.
8445:
8431:
8418:
8390:
8387:
8386:
8361:
8344:
8330:
8301:
8274:
8239:
8207:
8166:
8141:
8120:
8095:
8059:
8027:
7999:
7992:
7972:
7942:
7917:Modern Judaism
7900:
7867:
7824:
7809:
7795:
7769:
7743:
7719:
7697:
7667:
7644:
7622:
7611:. florestas.pt
7600:
7585:
7562:
7558:Pankhurst 1968
7550:
7527:
7523:Pankhurst 1968
7515:
7499:
7496:on 2012-12-12.
7481:
7420:
7368:
7313:
7278:(2): 173â180.
7262:
7255:
7229:
7186:
7159:
7129:
7102:(3): 251â261.
7075:
7062:
7015:
6988:(11): 1481â7.
6965:
6953:
6940:
6924:
6896:
6887:
6866:
6836:
6817:
6795:
6792:on 2006-07-08.
6776:
6754:
6731:
6701:
6676:
6674:Bennett (2010)
6667:
6638:
6620:
6601:
6574:
6552:
6530:
6513:
6493:
6452:
6421:
6392:
6385:
6362:
6359:on 2006-09-10.
6339:
6318:
6296:
6263:
6217:
6195:
6172:
6149:
6143:978-8132222446
6142:
6122:
6111:on 9 June 2010
6091:
6075:Canberra Times
6061:
6038:
6012:
5999:
5961:
5925:
5892:
5876:
5849:
5834:
5812:
5809:on 2007-07-26.
5794:
5791:on 2006-09-10.
5768:
5703:
5654:
5611:Fungal Biology
5601:
5580:(5): 349â360.
5564:
5515:
5489:
5462:(9): 813â824.
5446:
5412:
5378:
5317:
5284:
5259:
5252:
5225:
5211:
5152:
5131:(4): 656â669.
5111:
5099:whc.unesco.org
5086:
5064:
5030:
5017:
4997:
4978:(4): 541â556.
4972:Phytochemistry
4962:
4943:(2): 259â274.
4937:Phytochemistry
4927:
4907:
4883:
4849:
4834:
4810:
4785:
4759:
4718:
4697:(8): 1004â14.
4677:
4661:
4635:
4616:
4598:Palmer, Jane.
4590:
4564:
4557:
4531:
4500:
4493:
4462:
4447:
4430:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4372:Prospect Creek
4369:
4362:
4360:
4345:
4338:
4336:
4321:
4314:
4312:
4297:
4290:
4288:
4284:Port Macquarie
4278:
4271:
4269:
4261:candlebark gum
4253:
4246:
4244:
4230:
4223:
4221:
4200:
4193:
4191:
4181:. Province of
4175:
4168:
4166:
4160:
4153:
4151:
4137:
4130:
4128:
4112:
4105:
4103:
4094:E. bridgesiana
4091:
4084:
4082:
4070:East Gippsland
4064:
4057:
4055:
4043:
4036:
4034:
4022:
4015:
4011:
4008:
3940:
3934:
3930:Monterey pines
3857:
3850:
3830:
3827:
3768:In India, the
3719:
3716:
3708:
3705:
3688:
3685:
3641:
3638:
3602:introduced to
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3561:
3560:
3481:
3480:
3465:
3464:
3389:
3388:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3368:
3292:
3291:
3272:thermoelectric
3198:soil fertility
3140:
3139:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3093:
2967:coast live oak
2853:In the 1850s,
2851:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2784:
2778:
2757:
2754:
2717:
2714:
2691:
2688:
2646:Eucalyptus oil
2641:Eucalyptus oil
2639:Main article:
2636:
2630:
2566:Paper industry
2561:
2558:
2495:Eucalyptus oil
2466:and to reduce
2343:
2340:
2322:river red gums
2318:Parks Victoria
2297:
2294:
2227:epicormic buds
2200:
2197:
2109:Main article:
2106:
2103:
2078:Teratosphaeria
2072:Mycosphaerella
2066:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
1992:sideroxylonals
1980:phloroglucinol
1955:
1952:
1906:
1903:
1835:in the world.
1828:
1825:
1733:
1730:
1722:Blue Mountains
1659:
1656:
1581:
1580:Related genera
1578:
1562:chemotaxonomic
1522:E. sepulcralis
1473:Main article:
1470:
1467:
1450:George Bentham
1437:area in 1792.
1367:at flowering.
1337:British Museum
1322:E. platyphylla
1289:
1286:
1284:at that time.
1213:
1210:
1158:
1155:
991:
988:
987:
986:
982:E. sideroxylon
974:
967:
965:
957:'Box' bark of
956:
949:
947:
938:
931:
929:
920:
913:
910:
909:
906:
903:
896:
882:
867:
825:E. ochrophloia
819:E. brachycalyx
798:E. leptophleba
774:E. cosmophylla
751:
748:
747:
746:
738:
731:
729:
721:
714:
712:
697:
690:
688:
669:
662:
660:
649:
642:
639:
638:
635:
632:
629:
581:epicormic buds
518:
517:Size and habit
515:
513:
510:
502:essential oils
413:in the family
352:
351:
350:
349:
341:
333:
322:
321:
315:
314:
313:Natural range
310:
309:
301:
300:
299:
298:
286:
285:
281:
280:
275:
266:
265:
259:
258:
245:
241:
240:
235:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
188:
187:
182:
175:
174:
169:
162:
161:
156:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
125:
124:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9186:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9137:
9132:
9128:
9124:
9118:
9114:
9109:
9105:
9101:
9096:
9092:
9088:
9083:
9079:
9075:
9070:
9066:
9062:
9057:
9053:
9049:
9044:
9040:
9036:
9031:
9027:
9023:
9017:
9013:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8995:
8991:
8987:
8982:
8978:
8974:
8969:
8965:
8961:
8956:
8952:
8948:
8943:
8939:
8935:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8904:
8900:
8896:
8891:
8887:
8883:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8865:
8861:
8857:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8826:
8822:
8818:
8813:
8809:
8805:
8800:
8796:
8792:
8787:
8783:
8779:
8773:
8768:
8762:
8758:
8753:
8747:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8738:
8734:
8730:
8725:
8717:
8713:
8711:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8682:
8679:
8675:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8663:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8650:
8649:Celso Foelkel
8646:
8644:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8631:
8627:
8625:
8621:
8617:
8611:
8608:
8604:
8601:
8600:
8589:
8585:
8581:
8577:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8537:
8533:
8528:
8524:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8507:
8501:
8497:
8492:
8488:
8486:1-876473-52-5
8482:
8478:
8473:
8469:
8467:0-643-06969-0
8463:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8428:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8405:
8401:
8397:
8392:
8391:
8376:
8372:
8365:
8354:
8348:
8341:
8337:
8333:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8313:
8305:
8297:
8293:
8292:
8284:
8278:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8243:
8229:on 2012-03-26
8225:
8218:
8211:
8202:
8197:
8193:
8189:
8185:
8181:
8177:
8170:
8155:
8151:
8145:
8130:
8124:
8109:
8105:
8099:
8080:
8076:
8069:
8063:
8047:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8031:
8015:
8014:
8009:
8003:
7995:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7976:
7968:
7964:
7961:(3): 72â155.
7960:
7956:
7949:
7947:
7938:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7911:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7890:on 2021-12-19
7889:
7885:
7881:
7879:
7871:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7828:
7820:
7813:
7806:. 2010-06-01.
7805:
7799:
7783:
7779:
7773:
7758:
7754:
7747:
7733:
7729:
7723:
7707:
7701:
7685:
7681:
7677:
7671:
7655:
7648:
7632:
7626:
7610:
7604:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7586:9781868723898
7582:
7578:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7560:, p. 247
7559:
7554:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7531:
7525:, p. 246
7524:
7519:
7513:
7509:
7503:
7495:
7491:
7485:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7431:
7424:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7372:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7317:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7266:
7258:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7233:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7190:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7163:
7147:
7143:
7142:www.befac.net
7139:
7133:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7082:
7080:
7072:
7066:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7019:
7011:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6972:
6970:
6962:
6957:
6947:
6945:
6937:
6931:
6929:
6914:on 2003-09-27
6913:
6909:
6903:
6901:
6891:
6876:
6870:
6856:on 2009-03-17
6855:
6851:
6847:
6840:
6832:
6828:
6821:
6813:
6809:
6802:
6800:
6791:
6787:
6780:
6772:
6768:
6761:
6759:
6742:
6735:
6719:
6717:
6708:
6706:
6690:
6686:
6680:
6671:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6635:. 2013-10-23.
6634:
6630:
6624:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6605:
6589:
6585:
6578:
6562:
6556:
6540:
6534:
6527:
6516:
6514:9780443104039
6510:
6506:
6505:
6497:
6489:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6456:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6425:
6411:on 2018-03-27
6410:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6388:
6382:
6378:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6343:
6329:
6322:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6286:on 2009-01-15
6285:
6281:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6224:
6222:
6214:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6200:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6169:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6153:
6145:
6139:
6135:
6134:
6126:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6095:
6081:on 2008-09-18
6080:
6076:
6072:
6065:
6049:
6042:
6027:on 2011-07-07
6026:
6022:
6016:
6009:
6003:
5989:on 2011-08-11
5985:
5978:
5972:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5951:on 2011-09-27
5947:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5859:New Scientist
5853:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5835:9780975785508
5831:
5827:
5823:
5816:
5808:
5804:
5798:
5790:
5786:
5782:
5775:
5773:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5707:
5699:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5658:
5650:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5617:(2): 94â102.
5616:
5612:
5605:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5568:
5560:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5500:
5493:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5450:
5434:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5416:
5401:on 2013-03-12
5400:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5382:
5374:
5368:
5354:on 2016-09-15
5353:
5348:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5324:
5322:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5291:
5289:
5274:on 2008-07-18
5273:
5269:
5263:
5255:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5222:. 2014-09-22.
5221:
5215:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5172:(6): e21084.
5171:
5167:
5163:
5156:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5115:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5074:
5068:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5020:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5001:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4966:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4911:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4887:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4869:Scott, Robert
4866:
4862:
4853:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4798:
4797:
4789:
4773:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4722:
4714:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4620:
4605:
4601:
4594:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4560:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4535:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4496:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4469:
4467:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4418:
4416:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4382:
4381:E. amplifolia
4377:
4373:
4366:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4318:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4250:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4237:E. pauciflora
4234:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:in Northwest
4211:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4040:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3992:E. cladocalyx
3989:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3964:E. cladocalyx
3961:
3958:tree species
3957:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3804:utility poles
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3741:. The use of
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3715:
3713:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3534:E. cladocalyx
3530:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3491:, mainly for
3490:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:E. melliodora
3424:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3409:deforestation
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3313:in 1910, for
3312:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3219:podzolisation
3216:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3099:
3098:
3095:South America
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2932:E. cladocalyx
2928:
2926:
2922:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2844:North America
2841:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2802:South America
2799:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2720:All parts of
2713:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2672:have adopted
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2626:tissue papers
2623:
2619:
2618:coated papers
2615:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2554:phreatic zone
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2515:transpiration
2511:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2302:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2256:, a study of
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:essential oil
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:coast redwood
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1833:tallest trees
1824:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:South America
1743:
1739:
1732:Fossil record
1729:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:E. preissiana
1515:
1514:E. chrysantha
1510:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1244:Ancient Greek
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1206:E. perriniana
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1088:E. macrocarpa
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:, apparently
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1002:
1001:
996:
984:
983:
978:
971:
966:
962:
961:
953:
948:
944:
943:
935:
930:
926:
925:
917:
912:
911:
907:
904:
901:
897:
894:
890:
886:
883:
880:
877:
876:
875:
872:
865:
864:
859:
857:
856:
851:
850:
845:
844:
839:
838:
833:
832:
827:
826:
821:
820:
814:
812:
811:
806:
805:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
787:
782:
781:
780:E. cladocalyx
776:
775:
770:
769:
764:
763:
762:E. sheathiana
757:
743:
742:
735:
730:
726:
725:
718:
713:
710:
706:
702:
701:
694:
689:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:
666:
661:
658:
654:
653:
646:
641:
640:
636:
633:
630:
627:
626:
625:
622:
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619:
614:
610:
606:
605:
600:
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594:
593:
588:
587:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
554:
549:
545:
544:
543:E. yalatensis
539:
535:
534:
530:environment.
528:
524:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:
434:
433:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
402:
360:
359:
345:
344:Symphyomyrtus
342:
337:
334:
329:
326:
325:
323:
320:
316:
311:
307:
302:
297:
295:
290:
289:
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199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:Tracheophytes
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
135:
130:
126:
123:
122:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:EoceneâRecent
33:
29:
26:
22:
8736:
8715:
8709:
8698:
8689:
8669:
8642:
8629:
8623:
8619:
8615:
8587:
8539:
8535:
8522:
8495:
8476:
8457:
8422:
8403:
8399:
8378:. Retrieved
8374:
8364:
8347:
8311:
8304:
8295:
8289:
8277:
8255:(1): 18â27.
8252:
8248:
8242:
8231:. Retrieved
8224:the original
8210:
8186:(1): 49â57.
8183:
8179:
8169:
8157:. Retrieved
8153:
8144:
8132:. Retrieved
8123:
8111:. Retrieved
8107:
8098:
8086:. Retrieved
8079:the original
8074:
8062:
8050:. Retrieved
8046:the original
8039:
8030:
8018:. Retrieved
8011:
8002:
7982:
7975:
7958:
7954:
7923:(1): 83â99.
7920:
7916:
7892:. Retrieved
7888:the original
7883:
7877:
7870:
7837:
7827:
7812:
7803:
7798:
7786:. Retrieved
7781:
7772:
7760:. Retrieved
7756:
7746:
7735:. Retrieved
7731:
7722:
7710:. Retrieved
7700:
7688:. Retrieved
7684:the original
7670:
7658:. Retrieved
7647:
7635:. Retrieved
7625:
7613:. Retrieved
7603:
7576:
7553:
7536:
7530:
7518:
7507:
7502:
7494:the original
7484:
7459:11336/135148
7433:
7429:
7423:
7382:
7378:
7371:
7333:(1): 49â55.
7330:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7275:
7271:
7265:
7238:
7232:
7199:
7195:
7189:
7172:
7169:Interciencia
7168:
7162:
7150:. Retrieved
7146:the original
7141:
7132:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7090:hybrids and
7087:
7070:
7065:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7018:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6956:
6916:. Retrieved
6912:the original
6890:
6878:. Retrieved
6869:
6858:. Retrieved
6854:the original
6849:
6839:
6830:
6820:
6812:The Atlantic
6811:
6790:the original
6779:
6770:
6745:. Retrieved
6734:
6722:. Retrieved
6715:
6692:. Retrieved
6688:
6679:
6670:
6659:. Retrieved
6655:the original
6650:
6641:
6633:newatlas.com
6632:
6623:
6604:
6592:. Retrieved
6587:
6577:
6565:. Retrieved
6555:
6543:. Retrieved
6533:
6524:
6518:. Retrieved
6503:
6496:
6472:(1): 13â18.
6469:
6465:
6455:
6443:. Retrieved
6438:
6434:
6424:
6413:. Retrieved
6409:the original
6404:
6395:
6376:
6357:the original
6352:
6342:
6331:. Retrieved
6321:
6312:
6299:
6288:. Retrieved
6284:the original
6237:
6233:
6209:
6162:
6158:Ritter, Matt
6152:
6136:. Springer.
6132:
6125:
6113:. Retrieved
6109:the original
6104:
6094:
6083:. Retrieved
6079:the original
6074:
6064:
6052:. Retrieved
6041:
6029:. Retrieved
6025:the original
6015:
6007:
6002:
5991:. Retrieved
5984:the original
5953:. Retrieved
5946:the original
5941:
5928:
5917:. Retrieved
5905:
5895:
5887:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5825:
5815:
5807:the original
5797:
5789:the original
5784:
5720:
5716:
5706:
5671:
5667:
5657:
5614:
5610:
5604:
5577:
5573:
5567:
5532:
5528:
5518:
5506:. Retrieved
5492:
5459:
5455:
5449:
5437:. Retrieved
5432:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5403:. Retrieved
5399:the original
5388:
5381:
5367:cite journal
5356:. Retrieved
5352:the original
5340:(2): 25â27.
5337:
5333:
5309:. Retrieved
5304:
5300:
5276:. Retrieved
5272:the original
5262:
5243:
5214:
5169:
5165:
5155:
5128:
5124:
5114:
5103:. Retrieved
5098:
5089:
5077:. Retrieved
5067:
5045:
5022:. Retrieved
5007:
5000:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4920:
4910:
4886:
4872:
4852:
4825:
4801:. Retrieved
4795:
4788:
4776:. Retrieved
4769:
4762:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4694:
4690:
4680:
4652:. Retrieved
4647:
4638:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4603:
4593:
4581:. Retrieved
4577:the original
4567:
4542:
4534:
4522:. Retrieved
4475:
4438:
4433:
4421:. Retrieved
4414:
4385:
4379:
4346:
4322:
4298:
4254:
4236:
4217:
4201:
4183:Buenos Aires
4176:
4161:
4146:pulverulenta
4144:
4138:
4113:
4092:
4080:(white box).
4077:
4065:
4044:
4024:
4003:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3950:South Africa
3949:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3936:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3903:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3882:
3878:
3861:
3859:
3853:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3819:
3795:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3711:
3710:
3700:
3690:
3678:
3674:
3657:
3649:
3643:
3625:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3597:
3595:
3578:
3572:
3564:
3562:
3552:E. lehmannii
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3522:
3511:
3510:
3489:South Africa
3484:
3482:
3479:South Africa
3468:
3466:
3451:
3449:
3442:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3417:Debre Marqos
3390:
3378:
3363:
3361:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3308:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3210:allelopathic
3205:
3202:soil quality
3189:
3184:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3158:
3146:
3141:
3131:
3128:Humid Pampas
3121:
3117:E. viminalis
3115:
3109:
3103:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3034:Eucalyptus's
3033:
3029:
3027:
3014:
3012:
3007:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2919:
2918:The species
2917:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2874:
2870:
2854:
2852:
2822:South Africa
2797:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2721:
2719:
2707:
2693:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2644:
2632:
2621:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2570:
2569:
2549:
2512:
2503:allelopathic
2498:
2474:
2472:
2440:South Africa
2417:economically
2414:
2401:
2393:
2359:
2335:
2329:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2281:
2278:World War II
2275:
2270:
2262:
2257:
2241:
2239:
2218:
2217:
2207:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2171:
2165:
2155:
2138:
2127:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2038:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1988:macrocarpals
1963:
1957:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1836:
1830:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1803:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1772:
1770:
1737:
1735:
1719:
1686:
1675:
1663:
1661:
1658:Distribution
1639:
1635:
1628:scribbly gum
1613:
1607:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1557:
1552:
1548:E. teraptera
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:E. megacarpa
1533:
1530:E. marginata
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1484:
1478:
1453:
1445:
1439:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1406:E. pilularis
1405:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1331:in southern
1329:Bruny Island
1326:
1321:
1317:
1316:in northern
1310:E. gummifera
1309:
1294:Joseph Banks
1291:
1278:Bruny Island
1274:third voyage
1267:David Nelson
1264:
1239:
1233:
1230:type species
1225:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1201:
1188:
1186:
1179:
1165:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1094:E. rhodantha
1092:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1025:
1023:
1017:E. tetragona
1015:
998:
980:
958:
940:
922:
873:
861:
860:
853:
849:E. viminalis
847:
843:E. youngiana
841:
837:E. clelandii
835:
829:
823:
817:
815:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
753:
739:
722:
698:
677:Murray River
670:
650:
623:
616:
609:Karri Knight
608:
602:
598:
597:
590:
584:
562:
551:
541:
531:
520:
506:forest fires
490:
477:
475:
446:
436:
430:
429:, including
418:
357:
356:
355:
343:
335:
328:Aromadendrum
327:
293:
269:
263:Type species
248:
247:
191:
178:
165:
152:
119:
31:
25:
8916:iNaturalist
8761:Wikispecies
8450:Chippendale
8108:www.fao.org
8088:21 November
8052:21 November
8020:21 November
7762:October 21,
7510:culture is
7385:: 549â557.
7175:: 366â373.
6694:22 November
6590:. CCI Media
6567:28 February
6545:28 February
6115:8 September
6031:22 November
6021:"Tree Risk"
5674:: 119â146.
5439:23 November
4604:www.bbc.com
4374:in western
4305:Kew Gardens
4218:E. globulus
4010:Photo album
3888:depauperate
3852:Non-native
3727:E. globulus
3701:E. globulus
3613:E. globulus
3608:plantations
3434:E. rostrata
3422:E. globulus
3405:Addis Ababa
3328:wind breaks
3239:E. globulus
3215:soil carbon
3145:introduced
3123:E. rostrata
3111:E. globulus
2948:E. globulus
2938:E. globulus
2881:into them.
2879:rail spikes
2804:(mainly in
2774:micrometres
2756:Prospecting
2696:didgeridoos
2662:cough drops
2648:is readily
2614:fine papers
2583:papermaking
2521:and reduce
2519:water table
2501:trees show
2483:insecticide
2382:Middle East
2231:lignotubers
2199:Fire hazard
1982:compounds (
1948:genetically
1863:gymnosperms
1843:angiosperms
1827:Tall timber
1707:Middle East
1683:Philippines
1570:renantherae
1554:Renantherin
1544:E. angulosa
1528:"rivalis" (
1497:genetically
1300:arrived at
1238:. The name
1112:E. dundasii
1024:Nearly all
942:E. deglupta
879:Stringybark
863:E. globulus
855:E. deglupta
810:E. jensenii
741:E. platypus
563:The terms "
540:highlands,
512:Description
427:Eucalypteae
339:R.Br., 1814
277:L'HĂ©r. 1789
238:Eucalypteae
224:Subfamily:
172:Angiosperms
9159:Eucalyptus
9153:Categories
8869:Eucalyptus
8830:Eucalyptus
8767:Eucalyptus
8737:Eucalyptus
8710:Eucalyptus
8699:Eucalyptus
8643:Eucalyptus
8616:Eucalyptus
8380:2023-09-09
8233:2013-11-22
7894:2021-12-19
7737:2024-05-29
7508:Eucalyptus
7323:Eucalyptus
7088:Eucalyptus
7071:Eucalyptus
6918:2019-12-11
6860:2013-11-23
6661:2019-03-29
6541:. Didjshop
6520:2020-04-28
6445:16 January
6415:2018-03-27
6333:2005-01-27
6290:2013-11-22
6085:2013-11-22
6054:29 January
6050:. WA Today
5993:2011-07-09
5955:2011-07-07
5919:2020-01-16
5746:2263/19758
5640:2263/30796
5508:28 October
5427:divaricata
5358:2016-08-31
5311:2016-08-31
5278:2009-01-07
5105:2019-05-11
5079:29 January
5024:2013-11-22
4770:Eucalyptus
4558:0643069690
4415:Eucalyptus
4396:References
4324:E. regnans
4202:Eucalyptus
4178:E. grandis
4162:Eucalyptus
4068:forest in
4066:Eucalyptus
4004:Eucalyptus
3978:E. grandis
3956:Eucalyptus
3944:Eucalyptus
3937:Eucalyptus
3926:Eucalyptus
3916:Eucalyptus
3904:Eucalyptus
3897:Eucalyptus
3892:Eucalyptus
3883:Eucalyptus
3879:Eucalyptus
3862:Eucalyptus
3854:Eucalyptus
3839:Eucalyptus
3796:Eucalyptus
3780:Eucalyptus
3774:Eucalyptus
3772:started a
3759:Eucalyptus
3751:Eucalyptus
3743:Eucalyptus
3723:Eucalyptus
3712:Eucalyptus
3675:Eucalyptus
3658:Eucalyptus
3650:Eucalyptus
3626:Eucalyptus
3618:Eucalyptus
3599:E. obliqua
3574:E. robusta
3565:Eucalyptus
3546:E. grandis
3523:Eucalyptus
3512:Eucalyptus
3501:beekeepers
3485:Eucalyptus
3469:Eucalyptus
3463:Madagascar
3452:Eucalyptus
3397:Menelik II
3364:Eucalyptus
3357:Stora Enso
3341:Eucalyptus
3336:Eucalyptus
3332:Eucalyptus
3324:Eucalyptus
3280:pulp mills
3247:E. grandis
3235:E. grandis
3231:Eucalyptus
3224:Eucalyptus
3206:Eucalyptus
3190:Eucalyptus
3185:Eucalyptus
3177:Eucalyptus
3172:Eucalyptus
3147:Eucalyptus
3132:Eucalyptus
3083:, western
3081:Washington
3077:Eucalyptus
3069:Eucalyptus
3065:Eucalyptus
3061:Eucalyptus
3054:Eucalyptus
3050:Eucalyptus
3042:Eucalyptus
3038:Eucalyptus
3030:Eucalyptus
3015:Eucalyptus
3008:Eucalyptus
3002:, and the
2992:Eucalyptus
2987:Eucalyptus
2983:Eucalyptus
2975:Eucalyptus
2971:Eucalyptus
2963:Eucalyptus
2959:Eucalyptus
2943:Eucalyptus
2896:Eucalyptus
2891:Eucalyptus
2887:Eucalyptus
2875:Eucalyptus
2871:Eucalyptus
2859:California
2855:Eucalyptus
2849:California
2798:Eucalyptus
2789:Eucalyptus
2781:Eucalyptus
2770:Eucalyptus
2761:Eucalyptus
2750:fertiliser
2722:Eucalyptus
2684:Eucalyptus
2674:Eucalyptus
2666:toothpaste
2633:Eucalyptus
2622:Eucalyptus
2605:Eucalyptus
2571:Eucalyptus
2564:See also:
2550:Eucalyptus
2499:Eucalyptus
2475:Eucalyptus
2464:windbreaks
2448:yellow box
2402:Eucalyptus
2378:California
2336:Eucalyptus
2314:Eucalyptus
2282:Eucalyptus
2271:Eucalyptus
2263:Eucalyptus
2258:Eucalyptus
2242:Eucalyptus
2235:serotinous
2219:Eucalyptus
2208:Eucalyptus
2188:E. regnans
2139:Eucalyptus
2128:Eucalyptus
2091:Eucalyptus
2083:Eucalyptus
2013:Eucalyptus
1970:, notably
1964:Eucalyptus
1820:Eucalyptus
1816:Eucalyptus
1804:Eucalyptus
1792:Eucalyptus
1781:Eucalyptus
1773:Eucalyptus
1738:Eucalyptus
1726:terpenoids
1713:, and the
1687:Eucalyptus
1668:New Guinea
1664:Eucalyptus
1634:words ΔÏ
(
1596:Eucalyptus
1558:Eucalyptus
1507:morphology
1485:Eucalyptus
1426:E. cornuta
1421:Eucalyptus
1410:E. saligna
1394:Eucalyptus
1390:E. obliqua
1349:L'HĂ©ritier
1318:Queensland
1302:Botany Bay
1240:Eucalyptus
1218:Eucalyptus
1216:The genus
1202:E. cinerea
1189:Eucalyptus
1136:Eucalyptus
1129:Eucalyptus
1106:E. petraea
1053:lanceolate
1049:Eucalyptus
1042:Eucalyptus
1038:Eucalyptus
1026:Eucalyptus
792:E. radiata
700:E. cretata
599:Eucalyptus
577:lignotuber
553:E. surgens
478:Eucalyptus
447:Eucalyptus
419:Eucalyptus
358:Eucalyptus
294:Eucalyptus
249:Eucalyptus
228:Myrtoideae
32:Eucalyptus
8851:FloraBase
8624:Angophora
8496:Eucalypts
8406:: 27â50.
8340:216398000
8013:The Hindu
7937:170476555
7884:brc.ac.uk
7854:233757310
7782:Gustiblog
7468:0043-1397
7407:0048-9697
7355:0269-7491
7300:1100-9233
7224:0048-9697
7181:0378-1844
7124:0929-1393
7057:0038-0717
7010:0038-0717
6257:10125/222
6240:: 85â93.
6208:. (2007)
6190:797855571
5914:1357-0978
5844:156798384
5668:Persoonia
5582:CiteSeerX
5059:903889267
4897: in
4378:. Mostly
4357:Australia
4348:E. deanei
4327:trees in
4256:E. rubida
4216:. Mostly
4187:Argentina
4115:E. gunnii
4078:E. albens
4076:. Mostly
4051:operculum
4029:, at the
3821:Leptocybe
3784:Sri Lanka
3731:Palestine
3515:seedlings
3483:Numerous
3304:SĂŁo Paulo
3268:bioenergy
3252:cellulose
3243:E. dunnii
3100:Argentina
3019:1923 fire
2898:industry.
2826:Australia
2810:Argentina
2794:El Dorado
2456:cellulose
2421:cash crop
2394:eucalypts
2388:and also
2362:Australia
2223:Bushfires
2176:species.
2167:Casuarina
2099:Australia
1996:marsupial
1984:euglobals
1974:and some
1847:Centurion
1800:Oligocene
1796:Paleocene
1766:Gondwanan
1762:Argentina
1742:Patagonia
1672:Indonesia
1644:operculum
1615:Angophora
1604:eucalypts
1479:Over 700
1446:eucalypts
1435:Esperance
1380:botanical
1370:The name
1361:operculum
1260:operculum
1197:operculum
1178:Seeds of
1145:E. oleosa
1100:E. crucis
1083:E. setosa
1061:alternate
1057:petiolate
1030:evergreen
1005:operculum
804:E. crebra
705:Melbourne
548:Nullarbor
538:Tasmanian
465:over the
463:operculum
443:eucalypts
438:Angophora
415:Myrtaceae
218:Myrtaceae
142:Kingdom:
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8825:eFloraSA
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8586:(1968).
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4282:west of
4233:snow gum
4074:Victoria
4053:present.
3812:fuelwood
3663:Sardinia
3592:Portugal
3569:Zimbabwe
3559:Zimbabwe
3503:for the
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3413:firewood
3393:Ethiopia
3387:Ethiopia
3345:charcoal
3319:charcoal
3276:sawmills
3075:Certain
2838:Portugal
2814:Paraguay
2710:tonewood
2577:to make
2575:pulpwood
2560:Pulpwood
2543:mosquito
2460:biofuels
2452:ornament
2436:invasive
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2398:pulpwood
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2193:Canberra
2162:Gondwana
2124:bushfire
2017:Corymbia
2003:eusocial
1928:such as
1926:Tasmania
1859:conifers
1777:Cenozoic
1691:Americas
1609:Corymbia
1489:diverged
1376:obliquus
1357:calyptos
1333:Tasmania
1212:Taxonomy
1073:glaucous
1065:opposite
1036:family,
977:ironbark
885:Ironbark
709:Victoria
681:Tocumwal
657:Tasmania
494:pulpwood
486:wildfire
432:Corymbia
336:Eudesmia
319:Synonyms
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284:Species
214:Family:
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8159:Sep 11,
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