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499:, but Livingston and his allies continued to attack the college over the next year with columns in newspapers. By raising divisive issues, he managed to divert half the funds raised by a state lottery for the college to fund the construction of a new jail and a detention house for sailors from diseased ships. In July 1754, King's College was defiantly opened under its first president,
887:, which is still in existence over a quarter of a millennium later. Livingston also authored a commentary upon the government of England in comparison to the United States Constitution, titled 'Examen du Gouvernement d’Angleterre comparé aux Constitutions des Etats-Unis', which was cited approvingly by Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès in his pamphlet 'What Is the Third Estate?'.
977:
The
Livingstons of Livingston Manor: Being the History of that Branch of the Scottish House of Callendar which Settled in the English Province of New York During the Reign of Charles the Second; and Also Including an Account of Robert Livingston of Albany, 'The Nephew,' a Settler in the Same Province
788:
Livingston's daughter, Sarah, was born in 1756 and was educated at home in penmanship, English grammar, the Bible, and classic literature. At a time when women were usually relegated to the kitchen, she was brought up to be politically aware, even serving at times as her father's secretary. Sarah, at
611:
for safety from
British sympathizers. Liberty Hall was frequently visited by British troops or naval forces since there was a substantial reward for Livingston's capture. One attempt to kidnap him took place in mid-June 1779. False information about Livingston visiting his second home in Parsippany
882:
In 1747, Livingston wrote and published a long pastoral poem entitled, "Philosophic
Solitude, or the Choice of a Rural Life". One of the first successful original poems written by an American colonist, it was anthologized numerous times into the 19th century. In 1754, Livingston also played a key
475:
was New York's first serial non-newspaper publication and the only one being published in
British North America at the time. It was used as a platform by the political upstate Presbyterian land-owning "country faction" led by Livingston for challenging the powerful downstate Anglican and Dutch
587:
Meanwhile, the New Jersey
Provincial Congress offered William Livingston command of its state's militia, which he declined. When William Livingston returned to New Jersey from Philadelphia in the summer of 1776, he relied on his October 1775 commission as a
1099:
Bell, Whitfield J., and
Charles Greifenstein, Jr. Patriot-Improvers: Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Philosophical Society. 3 vols. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997, 3:476–480.
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Genealogical and Family
History of Southern New York and the Hudson River Valley: A Record of the Achievements of Her People in the Making of a Commonwealth and the Building of a Nation
2534:
624:, was suspected by being behind the attempted capture of Livingston. The family returned to Liberty Hall in 1779 to begin restoring their looted home. He was elected a fellow of the
2801:
423:
Livingston received his early education from local schools and tutors. At age 13, he was sent to live for a year and prepare for college with the
Anglican missionary catechist and
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813:, and her Parisian training came in handy, as she and her husband established the custom of weekly dinners for the diplomatic corps and other guests in the then-capital city of
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1359:
History of medicine and surgery and physicians and surgeons of
Chicago, endorsed by and published under the supervision of the council of the Chicago Medical Society
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1248:
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Klein, Milton. "The
American Whig: William Livingston of New York" (PhD dissertation, Columbia University;  ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1954. 0008699).
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439:. Livingston enrolled at Yale in 1737 and graduated in 1741. He went on to New York City, where he studied law and became a law clerk for the eminent lawyer
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until his political allies lost power in 1769 and was replaced by his nephew, Peter Robert Livingston, the eldest surviving son of his brother Robert.
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Catherine Livingston (1751–1813), who married Matthew Ridley (1746–1789), and later, her cousin John Livingston (1750–1822), son of Robert Livingston.
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in 1783. She is credited with writing the celebratory Treaty of Paris dinner toast. When Sarah and John returned to New York, Jay was appointed
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Mulder, John M. "William Livingston: Propagandist Against Episcopacy." Journal of Presbyterian History (1962–1985) 54.1 (1976): 83–104
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484:) as a conspiracy by Anglicans to install a bishop in America, including his former tutor Rev. Henry Barclay, rector of
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granted a charter to the institution. Ultimately, King's College never appointed a bishop, despite its backing by the
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4288:(as amended in 2005), an acting governor serving for 180 continuous days or more is conferred the title of Governor.
1319:
A Narrative of Excursions, Voyages, and Travels, Performed at Different Periods in America, Europe, Asia, and Africa
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572:, where he served from July 1774 to June 1776. New Jersey's Provincial Congress declined to reappoint him to the
334:(November 30, 1723 – July 25, 1790) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the first
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ceased with the fifty-second issue in late 1753 after political pressure was brought to bear upon its printer,
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Livingston died on July 25, 1790, in Elizabeth, New Jersey, and was originally buried at Trinity Church in
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Livingston started construction of a large country home to house his growing family. The house, known as
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and their subsequent capture. The Loyalist mayor of New York City, and a distant cousin through the
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lived with Livingston for at least the winter while he attended Francis Barber's grammar school.
347:
1165:
1127:"Where Did Alexander Hamilton Live While Attending Grammar School in Elizabethtown, New Jersey?"
584:, who remained as a strong member of the New York delegation, did become one of the 56 signers.
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1042:. Washington, DC: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 71-25. Archived from
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1222:
Collections of The New-York Historical Society for the Year 1902 | Publication Fund Series
1079:
Stand, Columbia : a history of Columbia University in the city of New York, 1754–2004
480:. Most notably, the Triumvirate attacked the founding of King's College (later renamed as
8:
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2001:
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1424:
Klein, Milton M. "The Rise of the New York Bar: The Legal Career of William Livingston."
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1245:"America's Founding Fathers – Delegates to the Constitutional Convention: New Jersey"
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Among the other prominent descendants of William Livingston were Julia Kean, wife of
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1001:
Biographical sketches of the graduates of Yale College: with annals of the college
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that was unanimously adopted on July 4, 1776. William Livingston's older brother,
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1036:
Wright, Jr., Robert K. & MacGregor Jr., Morris J. "William Livingston".
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in 1745. She was the daughter of landowner Philip French III and Susanna (
564:, Livingston was elected to serve as one of New Jersey's delegates to the
530:
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1247:. U.S. National Archives & Records Administration. October 30, 2015.
847:, the 48th Governor of New Jersey and the grand-nephew of Hamilton Fish;
844:
649:
508:
759:
Judith Livingston (1758–1843), who married John W. Watkins, an attorney.
3942:
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1739:
1666:
1429:
794:
675:
560:, still stands. After attaining considerable influence among the local
504:
302:
793:. Sarah accompanied Jay to Spain and then Paris, where he, along with
3144:
1734:
1343:
868:
1744:
1502:
876:
790:
743:
428:
217:
720:(1742–1814) in 1780 and became the stepmother-in-law of President
471:. The three were called by contemporaries "The Triumvirate". The
3179:
2609:
1066:
Privilege and Prerogative: New York's Provincial Elite, 1710–1776
769:
John Lawrence Livingston (1762–1781), who died at sea aboard the
817:. Sarah served in her hospitality role as the wife of the first
733:
William Livingston Jr. (1754–1817), who married Mary Lennington.
730:
Mary Livingston (born 1753), who married James Linn in May 1771.
656:, but turned down the opportunity. He continued to be reelected
694:). Her maternal grandparents were Susanna Maria Brockholst and
679:
514:
Livingston remained politically active and was elected to the
736:
Philip Van Brugh Livingston (born 1755), who died unmarried.
476:
Reformed merchant or "popular faction" led by Chief Justice
754:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
2052:
Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress
779:
Elizabeth Clarkson Livingston (1764–1765), who died young.
1449:
762:
Philip French Livingston (born 1760), who drowned in the
1112:, D. Appleton, 1840, Volume 1, p. 8; Hamilton John C.,
1406:
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018.
4342:
Federalist Party state governors of the United States
2130:
690:, and Annetje (née Philipse) French (the daughter of
534:
A March 23, 1778, letter from Governor Livingston to
455:
He became a lawyer in 1748 and began his practice in
4347:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1457:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1035:
682:
Brockholst) French. Her paternal grandparents were
1490:"Philosophic Solitude" (1747) by William Livingston
1188:
1186:
636:Livingston joined the New Jersey Delegation to the
16:
American Founding Father and politician (1723–1790)
3554:Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787
1476:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 813.
1116:, D. Appleton & Company, 1857, Volume 1, p. 46
713:Livingston (1747–1747), a son who died in infancy.
710:Livingston (1746–1746), a son who died in infancy.
674:Livingston married Susannah French (1723–1789) in
648:. He was appointed United States Minister to the
4298:
1293:. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. pp.
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1183:
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1258:
1225:. New York: Printed for the Society. p. 91
19:For other people named William Livingston, see
3565:Bibliography of the United States Constitution
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
488:, and his former law teacher James Alexander.
3662:
2116:
1583:
1200:. History of American Women. January 30, 2009
1068:, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1995, p. 83
1006:
964:
716:Susannah Livingston (1748–1840), who married
603:. Between 1776 and 1779, the family lived in
393:, and Catherine Van Brugh, the only child of
1255:
1081:, Columbia University Press, 2003, pp. 18–19
950:National Archives and Records Administration
459:. In 1752, he founded a weekly journal, the
3676:
1597:
1349:
1309:
1212:
1018:
549:, where he rented a house in town. A young
427:graduate Henry Barclay who lived among the
404:(1708–1790), 3rd Lord of Livingston Manor,
361:
3669:
3655:
2123:
2109:
1590:
1576:
973:
38:
4402:Signers of the United States Constitution
1404:William Livingston's American Revolution.
1362:. The Biographical Publishing Corporation
463:, along with fellow Presbyterian lawyers
4372:Members of the New York General Assembly
3621:Scene at the Signing of the Constitution
1286:
871:, but on May 7, 1844, was reinterred at
529:
385:on November 30, 1723. He was the son of
365:
342:. As a New Jersey representative in the
79:August 31, 1776 – July 25, 1790
4337:Continental Congressmen from New Jersey
1355:
1315:
1218:
1171:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1166:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter L"
525:
254: 1745; died 1789)
4397:Signers of the Continental Association
4387:Politicians from Elizabeth, New Jersey
4299:
1481:New Jersey Governor William Livingston
4352:Founding Fathers of the United States
3650:
2104:
1571:
1153:Abductions in the American Revolution
1039:Soldier-Statesmen of the Constitution
974:Livingston, Edwin Brockholst (1910).
626:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
450:
358:and a Founding Father of New Jersey.
356:Founding Fathers of the United States
2062:Journals of the Continental Congress
1237:
1158:
3588:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom
3115:Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
2088:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom
1322:. Published by the author. p.
981:. New York: The Knickerbocker Press
862:
706:. They had 13 children, including:
660:each year until his death in 1790.
518:in 1768 and served one term in the
21:William Livingston (disambiguation)
13:
2679:Drafting and ratification timeline
2424:District of Columbia Voting Rights
1452:"William Livingston (id: L000374)"
1396:
1251:from the original on June 6, 2016.
1219:Hoffman, Samuel Verplanck (1903).
819:Chief Justice of the United States
644:and was one of the signers of the
467:, the son of his law teacher, and
14:
4428:
4382:Politicians from Albany, New York
4317:18th-century American politicians
2132:Constitution of the United States
1519:Green-Wood Cemetery Burial Search
1441:
1356:Society, Chicago Medical (1922).
1003:, Holt, 1885, Vol. 1, pp. 503–504
841:Director-General of New Amsterdam
3702:
2535:Convention to propose amendments
942:"Founding Fathers of New Jersey"
826:United States Secretary of State
663:
317:
1374:
1337:
1145:
1119:
1102:
899:Governor Livingston High School
599:In August 1776, he was elected
251:
4327:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
3150:Separation of church and state
1485:National Governors Association
1110:The Life of Alexander Hamilton
1093:
1084:
1071:
1058:
993:
934:
913:were each named in his honor.
783:
638:1787 Constitutional Convention
631:
609:Bowers–Livingston–Osborn House
516:American Philosophical Society
400:. His older siblings included
354:. He is considered one of the
1:
4417:18th-century American lawyers
2654:Virginia Ratifying Convention
978:and His Principal Descendants
928:
700:governor of colonial New York
416:(1716–1778), a member of the
389:(1686–1749), the 2nd Lord of
49:
4367:Members of the Middle Temple
3615:National Constitution Center
3413:Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer
2712:Assemble and Petition Clause
1346:. Accessed October 13, 2014.
1194:"Susannah French Livingston"
903:Berkeley Heights, New Jersey
821:and First Lady of New York.
811:Secretary of Foreign Affairs
7:
3486:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
2540:State ratifying conventions
2477:Equal Opportunity to Govern
2472:Electoral College abolition
2399:Congressional Apportionment
1467:"Livingston, William"
1419:Published by Garland, 1990.
999:Dexter, Franklin Bowditch,
916:
849:Edwin Brockholst Livingston
750:Henry Brockholst Livingston
578:Declaration of Independence
574:Second Continental Congress
503:, and on October 31, 1754,
10:
4433:
2047:First Continental Congress
1426:William and Mary Quarterly
1344:About Sarah Livingston Jay
740:Sarah Van Brugh Livingston
667:
406:Peter Van Brugh Livingston
352:United States Constitution
340:American Revolutionary War
18:
4332:Continental Army soldiers
4281:
3941:
3809:
3787:
3749:
3711:
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3400:
3364:
3313:
3282:
3266:
3245:
3224:
3203:
3187:
3178:
3057:
2939:Privileges and Immunities
2752:Congressional enforcement
2687:
2674:Rhode Island ratification
2565:Articles of Confederation
2552:
2530:
2507:Parental Rights amendment
2432:
2389:
2314:
2286:
2265:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2138:
2075:
2024:
1984:
1958:
1917:
1886:
1860:
1814:
1778:
1727:
1701:
1680:
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1628:
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1605:
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1526:
1390:. Accessed March 9, 2007.
1287:Reynolds, Cuyler (1914).
742:(1756–1802), who married
520:New York General Assembly
325:
313:
301:
288:
276:
261:
234:
224:
209:
192:
165:
160:
156:
146:
134:
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118:New York General Assembly
115:
99:
83:
72:
64:
60:
37:
30:
3170:Unitary executive theory
2944:Privileges or Immunities
2659:New York Circular Letter
2649:Massachusetts Compromise
1450:United States Congress.
1316:Rapelje, George (1834).
895:Essex County, New Jersey
885:New York Society Library
853:Henry Brockholst Ledyard
410:New York State Treasurer
362:Early life and education
4357:Governors of New Jersey
3789:Dominion of New England
3678:Governors of New Jersey
3090:Dormant Commerce Clause
2934:Presidential succession
2669:Fayetteville Convention
2664:Hillsborough Convention
2600:Three-fifths Compromise
2580:Philadelphia Convention
2570:Mount Vernon Conference
2457:Campaign finance reform
1599:Continental Association
1473:Encyclopædia Britannica
1402:Gigantino II, James J.
1114:History of the Republic
789:the age of 17, married
377:Livingston was born in
348:Continental Association
338:(1776–1790) during the
4412:Yale University alumni
4377:New Jersey Federalists
4322:American Presbyterians
3253:William Samuel Johnson
3125:Nondelegation doctrine
2697:Admission to the Union
2644:Anti-Federalist Papers
2595:Connecticut Compromise
1546:Governor of New Jersey
1386:July 27, 2011, at the
1077:McCaughey, Robert A.,
891:Livingston, New Jersey
722:William Henry Harrison
688:mayor of New York City
658:governor of New Jersey
612:resulted in a raid by
601:Governor of New Jersey
547:Province of New Jersey
538:
374:
336:governor of New Jersey
67:Governor of New Jersey
3460:Richard Dobbs Spaight
2929:Presidential Electors
2904:Original Jurisdiction
2844:Full Faith and Credit
2717:Assistance of Counsel
2638:The Federalist Papers
2467:Crittenden Compromise
1613:President of Congress
1515:– Green-Wood Cemetery
1505:at Trinity Churchyard
1151:McBurney, Christian.
883:role in founding the
668:Further information:
541:In 1772, he moved to
533:
461:Independent Reflector
418:New York State Senate
370:William Livingston's
369:
203:Elizabeth, New Jersey
3686:Proprietary Province
3629:A More Perfect Union
3605:Constitution Gardens
3526:Convention Secretary
3188:Convention President
3160:Symmetric federalism
3155:Separation of powers
2889:Necessary and Proper
2884:Natural-born citizen
2829:Freedom of the Press
2767:Copyright and Patent
2757:Contingent Elections
2575:Annapolis Convention
2032:Virginia Association
1899:Thomas Johnson, Junr
1198:womenhistoryblog.com
1131:Discovering Hamilton
1090:McCaughey, pp. 21–22
1046:on November 13, 2019
756:who married 3 times.
566:Continental Congress
545:in the colonial-era
526:Career in New Jersey
383:Province of New York
344:Continental Congress
183:Province of New York
3636:Worldwide influence
3377:Gunning Bedford Jr.
3105:Executive privilege
3085:Criminal sentencing
3008:Title of Nobility (
2999:Taxing and Spending
2899:Oath or Affirmation
2859:House Apportionment
2722:Case or Controversy
2605:Committee of Detail
2497:"Liberty" amendment
2462:Christian amendment
2002:Christopher Gadsden
1935:Patrick Henry, Junr
873:Green-Wood Cemetery
851:, a historian; and
491:Publication of the
482:Columbia University
284:Catherine Van Brugh
214:Green-Wood Cemetery
152:Peter R. Livingston
3290:William Livingston
3274:Alexander Hamilton
3080:Criminal procedure
3075:Constitutional law
3010:Foreign Emoluments
2974:State of the Union
2959:Self-Incrimination
2949:Recess appointment
2742:Compulsory Process
2404:Titles of Nobility
1861:The Lower Counties
1791:William Livingston
1672:Robert Treat Paine
1527:Political offices
1509:William Livingston
1495:William Livingston
1133:. January 22, 2018
1108:Hamilton John C.,
1064:Lustig, Mary Lou,
952:. November 6, 2015
911:Rutgers University
835:, a descendant of
718:John Cleves Symmes
696:Anthony Brockholst
692:Frederick Philipse
594:New Jersey Militia
551:Alexander Hamilton
539:
451:Career in New York
375:
332:William Livingston
32:William Livingston
4362:Livingston family
4294:
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3819:Viscount Cornbury
3644:
3643:
3610:Constitution Week
3595:Independence Mall
3583:National Archives
3541:
3540:
3356:Gouverneur Morris
3341:Thomas Fitzsimons
3321:Benjamin Franklin
3195:George Washington
3095:Enumerated powers
3070:Concurrent powers
3065:Balance of powers
2894:No Religious Test
2834:Freedom of Speech
2625:Independence Hall
2548:
2547:
2452:Bricker amendment
2385:
2384:
2098:
2097:
2083:National Archives
2020:
2019:
1945:Benjamin Harrison
1930:George Washington
1925:Richard Henry Lee
1832:Charles Humphreys
1755:Philip Livingston
1650:Massachusetts Bay
1566:
1565:
1561:
1553:Succeeded by
1540:
1428:(1958): 334–358.
923:Livingston family
907:Livingston campus
839:, the last Dutch
830:New York Governor
805:, negotiated the
799:Benjamin Franklin
670:Livingston family
646:U.S. Constitution
590:brigadier general
582:Philip Livingston
465:William Smith Jr.
414:Philip Livingston
402:Robert Livingston
387:Philip Livingston
329:
328:
296:Livingston family
281:Philip Livingston
176:November 30, 1723
141:Robert Livingston
111:
95:
94:as Royal Governor
4424:
4407:Van Brugh family
4286:N.J.S.A. 52:15-5
3980:W. S. Pennington
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3491:Charles Pinckney
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2792:Equal Protection
2502:Ludlow amendment
2487:Flag Desecration
2482:Federal Marriage
2447:Blaine amendment
2409:Corwin Amendment
2200:
2199:
2196:
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2125:
2118:
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2067:Carpenters' Hall
2042:Suffolk Resolves
2037:Fairfax Resolves
1950:Edmund Pendleton
1894:Matthew Tilghman
1641:Nathaniel Folsom
1610:
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1535:William Franklin
1532:Preceded by
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1381:About Livingston
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764:Hackensack River
752:(1757–1823), an
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445:William Smith Sr
398:Pieter Van Brugh
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2772:Double Jeopardy
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2590:New Jersey Plan
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2522:Victims' Rights
2442:Balanced budget
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2016:
2012:Edward Rutledge
1992:Henry Middleton
1980:
1976:Richard Caswell
1954:
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1810:
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478:James De Lancey
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1985:South Carolina
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4380:
4378:
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4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
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4350:
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4340:
4338:
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4328:
4325:
4323:
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4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
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4289:
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4280:
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4264:
4261:
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4232:
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4209:
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4199:
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4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
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4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
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4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
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4078:
4076:
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4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:W. Pennington
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
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3950:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
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3710:
3695:
3692:
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3689:
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3679:
3672:
3667:
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3649:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3560:Jacob Shallus
3558:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3496:Pierce Butler
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:John Rutledge
3479:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3439:James Madison
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:James McHenry
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3336:George Clymer
3334:
3332:
3331:Robert Morris
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3258:Roger Sherman
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:Massachusetts
3223:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:New Hampshire
3202:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Plenary power
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:Equal footing
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:Trial by Jury
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Ineligibility
2872:
2870:
2869:Import-Export
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:Free Exercise
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2813:Ex Post Facto
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:Establishment
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Confrontation
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2630:Syng inkstand
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Virginia Plan
2583:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:School Prayer
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:John Rutledge
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Richard Bland
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Thomas McKean
1871:
1869:
1868:Caesar Rodney
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Edward Biddle
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:Richard Smith
1799:
1797:
1796:Stephen Crane
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:William Floyd
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:Roger Sherman
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:John Sullivan
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:New Hampshire
1627:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1579:
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1570:
1557:
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1536:
1530:
1525:
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1507:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
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1479:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1167:
1161:
1155:, 2016, p. 74
1154:
1148:
1132:
1128:
1122:
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1111:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1045:
1041:
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1032:
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1022:
1012:
1010:
1002:
996:
980:
979:
970:
968:
951:
947:
943:
937:
933:
924:
921:
920:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
886:
880:
878:
874:
870:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:Hamilton Fish
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
815:New York City
812:
808:
804:
803:Henry Laurens
800:
796:
792:
778:
775:
774:
768:
765:
761:
758:
755:
751:
748:
745:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
719:
715:
712:
709:
708:
707:
705:
704:Edmund Andros
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
671:
664:Personal life
661:
659:
655:
654:U.S. Congress
651:
647:
643:
639:
629:
627:
623:
622:David Mathews
619:
615:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
543:Elizabethtown
537:
536:Israel Shreve
532:
523:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:New York City
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:Mohawk Valley
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
408:(1710–1792),
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
373:
368:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
306:
304:
300:
297:
294:
291:
287:
282:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
260:
237:
233:
230:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:
210:Resting place
208:
204:
196:July 25, 1790
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
168:
164:
159:
155:
151:
145:
142:
139:
133:
127:
122:
119:
114:
107:
104:
98:
91:
88:
82:
76:
71:
68:
63:
59:
47:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
4283:
4015:P. Dickerson
3985:M. Dickerson
3954:
3947:(since 1776)
3627:
3619:
3552:
3351:James Wilson
3314:Pennsylvania
3289:
3211:John Langdon
2969:Speedy Trial
2811:
2702:Appointments
2636:
2419:Equal Rights
2315:20th century
1997:Thomas Lynch
1971:Joseph Hewes
1909:Samuel Chase
1904:William Paca
1815:Pennsylvania
1806:John De Hart
1790:
1786:James Kinsey
1770:Simon Boerum
1765:Henry Wisner
1681:Rhode Island
1662:Samuel Adams
1544:
1513:Find a Grave
1499:Find a Grave
1471:
1455:
1425:
1403:
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1358:
1351:
1339:
1329:November 16,
1327:. Retrieved
1318:
1311:
1301:November 16,
1299:. Retrieved
1289:
1239:
1229:November 16,
1227:. Retrieved
1221:
1214:
1204:November 16,
1202:. Retrieved
1197:
1173:. Retrieved
1160:
1152:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1130:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1044:the original
1038:
1000:
995:
985:November 16,
983:. Retrieved
976:
954:. Retrieved
946:archives.gov
945:
936:
889:
881:
866:
823:
787:
772:
746:(1745–1829).
698:, an acting
673:
642:Philadelphia
635:
598:
586:
570:Philadelphia
558:Liberty Hall
555:
540:
513:
497:James Parker
492:
490:
472:
460:
454:
425:Yale College
422:
395:Albany mayor
376:
372:coat of arms
331:
330:
308:Yale College
292:
198:(1790-07-25)
148:Succeeded by
125:
101:Succeeded by
74:
44:Portrait by
25:
4312:1790 deaths
4307:1723 births
4246:DiFrancesco
3845:Montgomerie
3512:William Few
3392:Jacob Broom
3372:George Read
3246:Connecticut
3180:Signatories
3030:Legislative
3004:Territorial
2924:Presentment
2909:Origination
2864:Impeachment
2819:Extradition
2787:Engagements
2777:Due Process
2727:Citizenship
2414:Child Labor
1878:George Read
1852:George Ross
1847:John Morton
1750:James Duane
1719:Silas Deane
1702:Connecticut
1693:Samuel Ward
1606:Signatories
1137:January 30,
845:Thomas Kean
784:Descendants
686:, the 27th
650:Netherlands
632:Later years
437:Fort Hunter
136:Preceded by
85:Preceded by
53: 1750
4301:Categories
4135:J. F. Fort
4040:G. F. Fort
3990:Williamson
3970:Bloomfield
3955:Livingston
3908:(Lt. Gov.)
3831:(Lt. Gov.)
3829:Ingoldesby
3624:(painting)
3576:and legacy
3434:John Blair
3283:New Jersey
3237:Rufus King
3135:Preemption
3049:War Powers
2984:Suspension
2802:Exceptions
2492:Human Life
2391:Unratified
2191:Amendments
1779:New Jersey
1740:John Alsop
1667:John Adams
1550:1776–1790
929:References
905:, and the
795:John Adams
702:under Sir
676:New Jersey
605:Parsippany
303:Alma mater
271:Brockholst
229:Federalist
172:1723-11-30
4273:P. Murphy
4252:McGreevey
4125:F. Murphy
4085:McClellan
3793:(1688–89)
3145:Saxbe fix
3034:Executive
2989:Take Care
2979:Supremacy
2854:Guarantee
2782:Elections
2553:Formation
2266:1795–1804
1735:Isaac Low
1366:April 26,
869:Manhattan
771:USS
628:in 1782.
614:Loyalists
493:Reflector
473:Reflector
314:Signature
289:Relatives
277:Parent(s)
130:1759–1761
126:In office
75:In office
4284:* Under
4268:Christie
4206:Driscoll
4120:Voorhees
4070:Randolph
4030:Stratton
4000:Southard
3960:Paterson
3933:Franklin
3914:(acting)
3902:(acting)
3891:(acting)
3885:(acting)
3883:Hamilton
3869:(acting)
3867:Hamilton
3863:(acting)
3861:Anderson
3852:(acting)
3779:Hamilton
3769:Hamilton
3759:Byllynge
3741:Hamilton
3731:Hamilton
3721:Carteret
3694:Carteret
3427:Virginia
3401:Maryland
3365:Delaware
3267:New York
3044:Vicinage
3038:Judicial
2762:Contract
2732:Commerce
2620:Printing
2434:Proposed
2146:Preamble
2139:Articles
1918:Virginia
1887:Maryland
1745:John Jay
1728:New York
1503:cenotaph
1384:Archived
1249:Archived
1175:July 28,
1050:June 10,
956:March 6,
917:See also
877:Brooklyn
791:John Jay
773:Saratoga
744:John Jay
562:patriots
429:Iroquois
350:and the
262:Children
218:Brooklyn
65:1st
4263:Corzine
4241:Whitman
4186:Hoffman
4161:Edwards
4145:Fielder
3918:Bernard
3912:Reading
3906:Pownall
3900:Reading
3895:Belcher
3889:Reading
3726:Barclay
3574:Display
3546:Related
3505:Georgia
3026:Vesting
2994:Takings
2879:Militia
2737:Compact
2689:Clauses
2615:Signing
2560:History
2076:Display
2025:Related
607:at the
592:of the
431:in the
381:in the
256:
248:
244:
4236:Florio
4221:Cahill
4216:Hughes
4211:Meyner
4196:Edison
4176:Larson
4166:Silzer
4155:Runyon
4140:Wilson
4130:Stokes
4115:Griggs
4105:Abbett
4095:Abbett
4090:Ludlow
4075:Parker
4060:Parker
4050:Newell
4035:Haines
4025:Haines
4005:Seeley
3965:Howell
3878:Morris
3850:Morris
3840:Burnet
3835:Hunter
3801:Andros
3632:(film)
3016:Treaty
2919:Postal
2914:Pardon
1436:online
1430:online
1410:
801:, and
412:, and
379:Albany
235:Spouse
205:, U.S.
179:Albany
4257:Codey
4226:Byrne
4191:Moore
4181:Moore
4171:Moore
4110:Werts
4100:Green
4080:Bedle
4055:Olden
4045:Price
4010:Vroom
3995:Vroom
3975:Ogden
3943:State
3928:Hardy
3923:Boone
3856:Cosby
3774:Basse
3736:Basse
1297:–1336
1169:(PDF)
267:Sarah
250:(
246:
4231:Kean
4201:Edge
4150:Edge
4065:Ward
3764:Coxe
1408:ISBN
1368:2017
1331:2017
1303:2017
1295:1335
1231:2017
1206:2017
1177:2014
1139:2018
1052:2010
987:2017
958:2022
828:and
193:Died
166:Born
2181:VII
2161:III
1511:at
1497:at
909:at
901:in
893:in
875:in
680:née
640:in
568:in
435:at
293:See
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3036:/
3032:/
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2372:26
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2176:VI
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