1198:
680:
638:
1189:
977:
427:
3609:
741:
3641:
516:
442:
1374:
493:(power to dispense and control honors) to strictly enforce heraldic law. The French Republics that followed have either merely affirmed pre-existing titles and honors or vigorously opposed noble privilege. Coats of arms are considered an intellectual property of a family or municipal body. Assumed arms (arms invented and used by the holder rather than granted by an authority) are considered valid unless they can be proved in court to copy that of an earlier holder.
752:
4091:
3975:
1401:
167:
155:
1032:
829:
1944:
322:
820:, provinces, regions, cities, and municipalities have coats of arms. These are posted at the borders and on buildings containing official offices, as well as used in official documents and on the uniforms of municipal officers. Arms may also be used on souvenirs or other effects, given that an application has been granted by the municipal council.
419:, which uses vocabulary that allows for consistency in heraldic depictions. In the present day, coats of arms are still in use by a variety of institutions and individuals: for example, many European cities and universities have guidelines on how their coats of arms may be used, and protect their use as
996:
on 20 June 1782, and is a shield divided palewise into thirteen pieces, with a blue chief, which is displayed upon the breast of an
American bald eagle. The crest is thirteen stars breaking through a glory and clouds, displayed with no helm, torse, or mantling (unlike most European precedents at the
622:
were "to order, judge, and determine all matters touching arms, ensigns of nobility, honour, and chivalry; to make laws, ordinances, and statutes for the good government of the
Officers of Arms; to nominate Officers to fill vacancies in the College of Arms; to punish and correct Officers of Arms for
699:
in 1487. It did not grant many coats of arms â the few it did grant were annulled by the other Kings of Arms because they encroached upon their jurisdictions. Its purpose was supposedly to marshal an expedition to fully conquer
Ireland that never materialized. Since 1 April 1943 the authority has
1097:
or papal churches, the latter usually displaying these on the building. These may be used in countries which otherwise do not use heraldic devices. In countries like
Scotland with a strong statutory heraldic authority, arms will need to be officially granted and recorded.
623:
misbehaviour in the execution of their places". It was further declared that no patents of arms or any ensigns of nobility should be granted and no augmentation, alteration, or addition should be made to arms without the consent of the Earl
Marshal.
342:, varied to some degree between countries. Early heraldic designs were personal, used by individual noblemen (who might also alter their chosen design over time). Arms become hereditary by the end of the 12th century, in England by King
1071:(noble) families; others adopted coats of arms during their career in the Church. The latter typically allude to their ideal of life, or to specific pontifical programmes. A well-known and widely displayed example in recent times was
1389:(often abbreviated "mon"), are family badges which often date back to the 7th century, and are used in Japan today. The Japanese tradition is independent of the European, but many abstract and floral elements are used.
275:). The term "coat of arms" itself, describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail "surcoat" garment used in combat or preparation for the latter.
360:
by the mid 14th century. In the late medieval period, use of arms spread to the clergy, to towns as civic identifiers, and to royally chartered organizations such as universities and trading companies. The arts of
337:
Heraldic designs came into general use among
European nobility in the 12th century. Systematic, heritable heraldry had developed by the beginning of the 13th century. Exactly who had a right to use arms, by law or
1206:
Egyptian coats of arms from the late monarchical, and early republican periods showing common Near and Middle
Eastern motifs, namely the crescent and stars which are symbols of the region's predominant religion,
804:, ecclesiastical heraldry, heraldic displays, and heraldic descriptions â stand in contrast to Gallo-British, Latin and Eastern heraldry, and strongly influenced the styles and customs of heraldry in the
1957:â Repository of the coats of arms and pedigrees of English, Welsh, Northern Irish and Commonwealth families and their descendants together with, and in principle under the control of, the legal body the
1623:
1017:
that are independent of one another (though both contain a pine tree, a cow and sheaves of grain); the seal is used to authenticate documents, whilst the heraldic device represents the state itself.
572:. Because of their importance in identification, particularly in seals on legal documents, the use of arms was strictly regulated; few countries continue in this today. This has been carried out by
403:
which have traditionally granted and regulated arms for centuries and continue to do so in the present day. In
England, for example, the granting of arms is and has been controlled by the
391:
Despite no common, enforceable widespread regulation, heraldry has remained consistent across Europe, where tradition alone has governed the design and use of arms. Some nations, such as
865:
At a national level, "coats of arms" were generally retained by
European states with constitutional continuity of more than a few centuries, including constitutional monarchies like
2404:
1665:
576:
and the study of coats of arms is therefore called "heraldry". In time, the use of arms spread from military entities to educational institutes, and other establishments.
992:
uses on the obverse as its central motif a heraldic achievement described as being the arms of the nation. The seal, and the armorial bearings, were adopted by the
1862:
489:
systems. Much of the terminology and classifications are taken from it. However, with the fall of the French monarchy (and later Empire) there is not currently a
1643:
1289:
often chose emblems based on regional traditions or wildlife. Symbols of a ritual significance according to local custom were generally favoured, such as the
1889:
2005:
520:
1701:
540:, an individual, rather than a family, had a coat of arms. In those traditions coats of arms are legal property transmitted from father to son;
195:
1255:
from the First World War onwards, European traditions of heraldry were partially adopted for state emblems. These emblems often involve the
1355:
serve as supporters. They are each intended to represent the king and the queen mother respectively, the nation's joint heads of state.
907:
were generally left up to the owner themselves, but the design was based on military service and the heritage of their grandparents. In
4046:
4051:
1672:
1060:
548:
are used only by one person at any given time. Other descendants of the original bearer could bear the ancestral arms only with some
4019:
1964:
2665:
672:, the Deputy Ulster King of Arms, then became the Acting Ulster King of Arms. He served until the office was merged with that of
3007:
2063:
1786:
1760:
1568:
1244:, have reused their original pre-communist heraldry, often with only the symbols of monarchy removed. Other countries such as
1998:
1495:
611:
423:
as any other unique identifier might be. Many societies exist that also aid in the design and registration of personal arms.
1837:
2971:
1076:
1282:
1178:
660:
from the office's creation in 1552. After Irish independence in 1922 the office was still functioning and working out of
2437:
2270:
2195:
2083:
1063:. As the papacy is not hereditary, its occupants display their personal arms combined with those of their office. Some
188:
4077:
2358:
2108:
1747:
1736:
642:
24:
1546:
2280:
1991:
1429:
1306:
2373:
2325:
2190:
989:
981:
958:, the governmental agency which is responsible for creating arms and promoting Canadian heraldry, is situated at
900:, was abolished in 1948, personal coats of arms and titles of nobility, though not outlawed, are not recognised.
431:
1897:
2723:
1948:
1595:
1229:
1197:
1140:
729:
3984:
2330:
2155:
2048:
1123:
and designs found in heraldry, but they are not usually considered to be heraldic. A country may have both a
998:
668:, who held it until his death in 1940. At the Irish government's request, no new King of Arms was appointed.
235:(the last two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full
181:
679:
4072:
4012:
3245:
3240:
2335:
2297:
1160:
20:
2255:
1419:
955:
874:
3110:
4056:
2225:
2185:
2165:
2053:
1245:
943:
870:
316:
2363:
2260:
2160:
1705:
388:. The sense is transferred to the heraldic design itself in Middle English, in the mid-14th century.
285:
centuries, they have been a source of information for public showing and tracing the membership of a
4119:
3804:
3300:
2827:
2383:
2368:
2285:
2240:
2235:
2210:
2068:
1977:
1002:
2353:
4005:
3967:
3929:
3321:
3260:
3200:
2587:
2532:
2497:
2275:
2265:
2215:
2175:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2073:
2058:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
1863:"Pontifical Insigna Flag, Coat of Arms and Seal of the Holy See and of the State of Vatican City"
1026:
1014:
866:
717:
312:
3822:
3771:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
4114:
2703:
2680:
2636:
2575:
2430:
2378:
2320:
2250:
2230:
2220:
2205:
2200:
2180:
2150:
2118:
2103:
2078:
1812:
1456:
1377:
1241:
1233:
1170:
971:
947:
610:
In reference to a dispute over the exercise of authority over the
Officers of Arms in England,
604:
596:
580:
426:
236:
120:
45:
3599:
1485:
637:
4032:
2708:
2658:
2653:
2631:
2515:
2290:
2245:
2170:
1434:
1276:
1272:
1087:
1010:
709:
584:
220:
64:
1584:
1188:
976:
544:
could also bear arms modified to indicate their relation to the current holder of the arms.
3827:
2614:
2580:
2472:
2145:
1512:
993:
696:
688:
646:
561:
343:
216:
1974:â written by Claes Heynenzoon around 1400, containing over 1000 drawings of coats of arms.
1971:
8:
3685:
3483:
3465:
3255:
2838:
2790:
2765:
2467:
1120:
885:
848:
756:
713:
701:
673:
657:
377:
306:
2399:
1424:
3879:
3852:
3180:
3125:
3075:
2986:
2976:
2913:
2888:
2823:
2798:
2770:
2670:
2457:
2315:
2014:
1414:
1248:
have retained their communist coats of arms or at least kept some of the old heraldry.
1221:
1166:
1083:
1052:
939:
852:
787:
771:
721:
545:
400:
884:
the use of coats of arms was only loosely regulated by the states existing before the
3796:
3727:
3718:
3612:
3341:
2946:
2818:
2757:
2735:
2713:
2597:
2549:
2423:
1958:
1743:
1732:
1601:
1591:
1491:
1256:
1174:
1127:
and a national coat of arms, and the two may not look alike at all. For example, the
1072:
1036:
951:
933:
889:
797:
553:
541:
506:
357:
339:
256:
140:
127:
106:
34:
1790:
3997:
3608:
3564:
3552:
3473:
3275:
3080:
3027:
3022:
2956:
2941:
2883:
2848:
2698:
2693:
2626:
2592:
2520:
1764:
1635:
1560:
1328:(lit. "Let us come together") is used as a motto in the country's coat of arms. In
1321:
1264:
1212:
1136:
1128:
897:
860:
844:
817:
805:
793:
783:
775:
705:
665:
588:
569:
557:
502:
458:, illustrates the German practice of thematic repetition from the arms in the crest
282:
244:
113:
85:
71:
1144:
4095:
3979:
3891:
3576:
3421:
3406:
3401:
3336:
3017:
2981:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2808:
2780:
2554:
2477:
2140:
1444:
1439:
1406:
1268:
1237:
893:
779:
767:
725:
692:
615:
600:
515:
480:
435:
404:
171:
3640:
3095:
1699:
International Studies of Management and Organization, Volume 32, Number 3, 2002
740:
134:
3903:
3869:
3862:
3416:
3381:
3173:
3100:
3085:
3065:
2803:
2648:
2643:
2537:
2525:
1286:
1044:
856:
745:
669:
632:
510:
486:
447:
356:
were used in Northern Italy in the second half of the 14th century, and in the
1639:
4108:
4028:
3951:
3886:
3857:
3517:
3441:
3373:
2462:
1449:
1337:
1148:
1124:
1116:
1107:
661:
565:
408:
347:
3326:
1605:
441:
3964:
Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)
3941:
3919:
3874:
3752:
3411:
3316:
2951:
2878:
2843:
2621:
2544:
2482:
1364:
1260:
912:
801:
619:
353:
330:
278:
264:
3353:
3070:
3049:
1983:
1925:
3946:
3788:
3285:
3265:
3133:
3012:
2775:
1385:
1373:
1225:
984:, which displays as its central design the heraldic device of the nation.
959:
760:
362:
326:
272:
3761:
3358:
2833:
1538:
751:
3446:
3436:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3331:
3205:
3163:
3143:
3115:
3105:
2492:
1252:
420:
3780:
656:
the usage and granting of coats of arms was strictly regulated by the
3847:
3451:
3431:
3426:
3235:
3220:
3037:
2742:
1954:
1080:
1040:
290:
240:
78:
3090:
2966:
1978:
General armorial of noble families in the Russian Empire (Gerbovnik)
828:
3936:
3478:
3363:
3290:
3270:
3215:
3158:
3153:
3148:
2718:
2446:
1967:â the statutory heraldry office for Scotland (archived 5 June 2011)
1352:
1344:
1329:
1325:
1094:
1056:
837:
537:
396:
286:
213:
99:
42:
3697:
3649:
1031:
3588:
3346:
3280:
3250:
3230:
3225:
3210:
3190:
3044:
3032:
3002:
2961:
2925:
2858:
2813:
2609:
2570:
1763:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. 28 April 2004. Archived from
1666:"Policy on use of the Workmark and Insignia of McGill University"
1333:
1302:
1290:
1132:
1090:
1068:
1006:
942:
prerogative to grant armorial bearings has been delegated to the
653:
549:
533:
485:
The French system of heraldry greatly influenced the British and
392:
373:
252:
228:
382:
154:
3924:
3898:
3673:
3505:
3295:
3185:
3168:
3138:
2918:
2873:
2863:
2604:
2487:
1943:
1789:. Canadian Heraldic Authority. 23 December 2009. Archived from
1624:"The role of corporate identity in the higher education sector"
1484:
McQuarrie, Edward F.; Phillips, Barbara J. (30 December 2016).
1298:
908:
833:
573:
416:
412:
268:
260:
232:
224:
552:: usually a colour change or the addition of a distinguishing
3540:
3195:
2868:
2747:
2730:
1368:
1317:
1310:
1294:
1208:
904:
881:
592:
415:, heraldic "achievements" have a formal description called a
321:
248:
92:
1726:
430:
Brabant Lion held by Floris de Merode during the funeral of
376:
with heraldic designs worn by combatants, especially in the
3644:
2853:
2415:
1348:
1112:
1064:
463:
294:
1358:
708:. Heraldry in the Republic of Ireland is regulated by the
1251:
With the independence of the modern nation states of the
683:
Coat of arms of Sir Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, KG
676:
in 1943 and stayed on until 1944 to clear up the backlog.
1487:
Visual Branding: A Rhetorical and Historical Analysis
1263:. Other commonly seen symbols are birds, chiefly the
1220:
Among the states ruled by communist regimes, emblems
281:
are collections of many coats of arms, and since the
4027:
1702:"Group Identity Formation in the German Renaissance"
1396:
1079:) was intended to express the message of his strong
1075:'s arms. His selection of a large letter M (for the
1697:
Employee Identification with the Corporate Identity
720:. Heraldry in Northern Ireland is regulated by the
1583:
1115:are used to identify ships (where they are called
618:, declared on 16 June 1673 that the powers of the
1561:"coat of arms | Etymology of phrase coat of arms"
1483:
4106:
997:time). Many of the American states have adopted
251:. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to the
800:â including national and civic arms, noble and
462:Heraldry has been compared to modern corporate
1093:are also each assigned a coat of arms, as are
16:Heraldic design on a shield, surcoat or tabard
4013:
2431:
1999:
1510:
1119:), embassies and such, and they use the same
189:
1818:. Bureau of Global Public Affairs. July 2003
1779:
1753:
1461:(coats of arms from German-speaking regions)
1454:
823:
52:External devices in addition to the central
2013:
1838:"Coat of arms of His Holiness Benedict XVI"
1622:Melewar, T.C.; Akel, Sibel (October 2005).
1621:
239:, which in its whole consists of a shield,
4020:
4006:
2438:
2424:
2006:
1992:
1805:
1513:"Baron fon Bury's Grave in UgÄle hillfort"
1309:and, in the form of the black panther, of
1154:
196:
182:
1896:. Macaulay Honors College. Archived from
1617:
1615:
1372:
1030:
1020:
1001:, which usually designed as part of the
975:
827:
811:
750:
739:
678:
636:
587:to control the use of arms. In England,
514:
440:
425:
320:
1923:
1720:
1359:Comparable traditions outside of Europe
1340:(lit. "Rain") is used in like fashion.
796:of modern and historic Germany and the
4107:
1887:
1612:
808:, which developed comparatively late.
560:, which in British usage (outside the
469:
4001:
2419:
1987:
1813:"The Great Seal of the United States"
1727:Volborth, Carl-Alexander von (1981).
1581:
1283:Sub-Saharan African flags and emblems
1222:resembling those of the Soviet states
612:Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey
1549:from the original on 4 October 2023.
1536:
1271:. These symbols can be found on the
1101:
1761:"The History of Heraldry in Canada"
1731:. Poole, England: Blandford Press.
1729:Heraldry: Customs, Rules and Styles
1571:from the original on 1 August 2023.
1179:Coats of arms and emblems of Africa
911:, the coat of arms is based on the
664:. The last Ulster King of Arms was
496:
13:
1236:. Since 1986â1989, some of the ex-
919:used in English heraldry as well.
735:
474:
365:and heraldry are closely related.
14:
4131:
2405:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1970:Royal Dutch Library page for the
1936:
1890:"Coat of Arms (Eagle of Saladin)"
922:
643:Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York
626:
25:Coat of Arms (Wishbone Ash album)
4089:
3973:
3639:
3607:
1942:
1927:Pimbley's dictionary of heraldry
1924:Pimbley, Arthur Francis (1908).
1704:. 20 August 2002. Archived from
1430:Gallery of country coats of arms
1399:
1307:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1196:
1187:
1131:(St Andrew's Cross) has a white
965:
165:
153:
1881:
1855:
1830:
1143:has a red lion within a double
990:Great Seal of the United States
982:Great Seal of the United States
595:the use of arms is a matter of
564:) is now always the mark of an
432:Albert VII, Archduke of Austria
372:itself in origin refers to the
1690:
1671:. McGill. 2000. Archived from
1658:
1575:
1553:
1530:
1504:
1477:
869:as well as old republics like
730:Norroy and Ulster King of Arms
532:In the heraldic traditions of
1:
1888:Crespi, Zach (5 April 2011).
1634:(1). Emerald Insight: 41â57.
1511:Aivars Gulbis (24 May 2017).
1465:
523:
452:
3730:(metal in the United States)
2445:
1586:A New dictionary of heraldry
1582:Friar, Stephen, ed. (1987).
1470:
1161:Armorial of sovereign states
695:in 1392 and discontinued by
666:Sir Nevile Rodwell Wilkinson
21:Coat of Arms (Sabaton album)
7:
1490:. Edward Elgar Publishing.
1420:Armorial of UK universities
1392:
956:Canadian Heraldic Authority
792:The heraldic tradition and
10:
4136:
1965:The Court of the Lord Lyon
1961:, both medieval in origin.
1916:
1362:
1164:
1158:
1105:
1024:
969:
944:Governor General of Canada
931:
842:
765:
716:through the Office of the
630:
500:
478:
399:, still maintain the same
317:Origin of the coat of arms
310:
304:
300:
18:
4086:
4065:
4039:
3960:
3912:
3840:
3813:
3737:
3706:
3660:
3598:
3527:
3492:
3464:
3372:
3309:
3124:
3058:
2995:
2934:
2789:
2756:
2679:
2563:
2508:
2453:
2392:
2344:
2306:
2021:
1640:10.1108/13563280510578196
1590:. Sherborne: Alphabooks.
1383:Japanese emblems, called
1047:of the pontifical office.
927:
824:Other national traditions
556:. One such charge is the
1980:(archived 22 March 2018)
1628:Corporate Communications
1543:Castles and Manor Houses
1539:"International Heraldry"
1224:were adopted in all the
744:Arms of the Anglo-Irish
456: late 15th century
434:, print after design by
3968:List of oldest heraldry
2015:Coats of arms of Europe
1894:The Egyptian Experience
1343:In the coat of arms of
1155:Modern national emblems
1027:Ecclesiastical heraldry
1003:respective state's seal
999:their own coats of arms
718:Chief Herald of Ireland
700:been split between the
383:
313:List of oldest heraldry
4066:National coats of arms
2064:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1457:Siebmachers Wappenbuch
1455:
1380:
1378:Imperial Seal of Japan
1336:, meanwhile, the word
1259:symbol taken from the
1171:South African heraldry
1141:royal arms of Scotland
1048:
985:
972:United States heraldry
840:
763:
748:
684:
649:
605:High Court of Chivalry
581:Lord Lyon King of Arms
529:
459:
438:
334:
4078:Dependent territories
4052:Dependent territories
1435:List of coats of arms
1376:
1273:coat of arms of Egypt
1165:Further information:
1034:
1021:Ecclesiastic heraldry
979:
946:. Canada has its own
831:
812:Scandinavian heraldry
754:
743:
710:Government of Ireland
682:
640:
599:and regulated by the
585:criminal jurisdiction
518:
444:
429:
333:from the 13th century
325:Coats of Arms in the
324:
1951:at Wikimedia Commons
1867:Vatican press office
1793:on 11 September 2015
1059:each have their own
1035:The coat of arms of
994:Continental Congress
755:Coat of arms of the
689:Ireland King of Arms
670:Thomas Ulick Sadleir
568:or (in Scotland) an
401:heraldic authorities
289:, and therefore its
237:heraldic achievement
19:For the albums, see
4096:Heraldry portal
3980:Heraldry portal
3407:Hastings/Hungerford
2694:Crowns and coronets
2666:National traditions
2307:States with limited
1972:"Wapenboek Beyeren"
1678:on 26 February 2015
1646:on 1 September 2009
940:monarch of Canada's
888:of 1861. Since the
849:Portuguese heraldry
757:province of Utrecht
714:Genealogical Office
702:Republic of Ireland
674:Norroy King of Arms
658:Ulster King of Arms
542:wives and daughters
470:Regional traditions
378:knightly tournament
307:History of heraldry
172:Heraldry portal
3364:Waterlily/Seeblatt
2588:Ancient and modern
1708:on 20 January 2013
1415:Arms of assumption
1381:
1279:, amongst others.
1167:Socialist heraldry
1053:Vatican City State
1049:
1015:state coat of arms
986:
853:Hungarian heraldry
841:
788:Icelandic heraldry
772:Norwegian heraldry
764:
749:
722:British Government
685:
650:
546:Undifferenced arms
530:
460:
439:
411:and other general
335:
4102:
4101:
3995:
3994:
3836:
3835:
3774:(color in Canada)
3460:
3459:
2413:
2412:
1959:Court of Chivalry
1947:Media related to
1900:on 1 October 2015
1537:McDonald, James.
1497:978-1-78536-542-3
1257:star and crescent
1175:Nigerian heraldry
1102:Flags and banners
1073:Pope John Paul II
1037:Pope John Paul II
952:Herald Chancellor
934:Canadian heraldry
917:Rule of Tinctures
903:Coats of arms in
890:Consulta Araldica
798:Holy Roman Empire
579:In Scotland, the
507:Scottish heraldry
358:Holy Roman Empire
340:social convention
257:individual person
206:
205:
4127:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4073:Sovereign states
4047:Sovereign states
4022:
4015:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3816:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3769:
3759:
3751:
3748:
3740:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3696:
3693:
3684:
3681:
3672:
3669:
3643:
3611:
3587:
3584:
3575:
3572:
3563:
3560:
3551:
3548:
3539:
3536:
3516:
3513:
3504:
3501:
3490:
3489:
3474:Rule of tincture
3191:Griffin/Keythong
2787:
2786:
2478:Officers of arms
2440:
2433:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2345:Dependencies and
2281:Northern Ireland
2022:Sovereign states
2008:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1946:
1931:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1742:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1642:. Archived from
1619:
1610:
1609:
1589:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1481:
1460:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1265:Eagle of Saladin
1238:Communist states
1213:Eagle of Saladin
1200:
1191:
1129:flag of Scotland
898:Kingdom of Italy
861:Belgian heraldry
845:Spanish heraldry
832:Coat of arms of
818:Nordic countries
806:Nordic countries
784:Finnish heraldry
776:Swedish heraldry
706:Northern Ireland
641:Coat of arms of
589:Northern Ireland
570:heir presumptive
528:
525:
521:Duke of Richmond
503:English heraldry
497:British heraldry
487:Western European
457:
454:
386:
380:, in Old French
283:early Modern Age
198:
191:
184:
170:
169:
168:
157:
30:
29:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4120:Heraldic badges
4105:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4090:
4088:
4082:
4061:
4035:
4026:
3996:
3991:
3974:
3972:
3956:
3908:
3832:
3814:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3767:
3757:
3749:
3746:
3738:
3733:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3702:
3694:
3691:
3682:
3679:
3670:
3667:
3656:
3594:
3585:
3582:
3573:
3570:
3561:
3558:
3549:
3546:
3537:
3534:
3523:
3514:
3511:
3502:
3499:
3488:
3456:
3422:Hungerford knot
3392:Cavendish/Savoy
3368:
3305:
3120:
3054:
2991:
2930:
2785:
2752:
2675:
2559:
2504:
2449:
2444:
2414:
2409:
2388:
2346:
2340:
2326:Northern Cyprus
2308:
2302:
2196:North Macedonia
2017:
2012:
1955:College of Arms
1939:
1934:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1767:on 6 March 2009
1759:
1758:
1754:
1739:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1620:
1613:
1598:
1580:
1576:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1445:Officer of arms
1440:National emblem
1407:Heraldry portal
1405:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1371:
1361:
1293:in the arms of
1269:Hawk of Quraish
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1163:
1157:
1110:
1104:
1029:
1023:
974:
968:
936:
930:
925:
894:college of arms
863:
843:Main articles:
826:
814:
790:
780:Danish heraldry
768:German heraldry
766:Main articles:
738:
736:German heraldry
726:College of Arms
693:King Richard II
691:was created by
635:
629:
616:Lord Privy Seal
601:College of Arms
526:
513:
501:Main articles:
499:
483:
481:French heraldry
477:
475:French heraldry
472:
455:
436:Jacob Franquart
405:College of Arms
319:
309:
303:
202:
166:
164:
159:
158:
152:
145:
131:
124:
117:
110:
103:
96:
89:
82:
75:
68:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4133:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4100:
4099:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4040:National flags
4037:
4036:
4029:National flags
4025:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4002:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3904:Trophy of arms
3901:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3863:banner of arms
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3765:
3755:
3743:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3721:
3712:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3689:
3677:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3556:
3544:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3509:
3496:
3494:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3447:Tristram/Bowen
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2533:Ecclesiastical
2530:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2400:European Union
2396:
2394:
2393:Other entities
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2347:other entities
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2271:United Kingdom
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Czech Republic
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1952:
1938:
1937:External links
1935:
1933:
1932:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1880:
1854:
1829:
1804:
1778:
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1432:
1427:
1425:Baron and feme
1422:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1394:
1391:
1360:
1357:
1287:decolonisation
1230:Czechoslovakia
1228:states except
1205:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1159:Main article:
1156:
1153:
1106:Main article:
1103:
1100:
1088:Roman Catholic
1025:Main article:
1022:
1019:
970:Main article:
967:
964:
932:Main article:
929:
926:
924:
923:North American
921:
857:Dutch heraldry
825:
822:
813:
810:
746:House of Burgh
737:
734:
697:King Henry VII
647:King Edward IV
633:Irish heraldry
631:Main article:
628:
627:Irish heraldry
625:
511:Welsh heraldry
498:
495:
479:Main article:
476:
473:
471:
468:
448:Hyghalmen Roll
305:Main article:
302:
299:
204:
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186:
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160:
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4121:
4118:
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4115:Coats of arms
4113:
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4097:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
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4064:
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4038:
4034:
4033:coats of arms
4030:
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4018:
4016:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3981:
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3962:
3959:
3953:
3952:Sigillography
3950:
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3926:
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3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Laurel wreath
3320:
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3297:
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3117:
3114:
3112:
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1869:. 9 June 2013
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350:(1189â1192).
349:
348:Third Crusade
345:
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332:
329:, an English
328:
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318:
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298:
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280:
279:Rolls of arms
276:
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26:
22:
3942:Phaleristics
3875:Roll of arms
3841:Applications
3753:Bleu celeste
3739:Rare colours
3432:Ormonde/Wake
3317:Fleur-de-lis
2879:Inescutcheon
2844:Crozier head
2689:Coat of arms
2688:
2576:Augmentation
2483:King of Arms
2336:Transnistria
2298:Vatican City
1926:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1893:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1866:
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1842:The Holy See
1841:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1787:"Contact Us"
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:the original
1755:
1728:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
1696:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1673:the original
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1644:the original
1631:
1627:
1585:
1577:
1564:
1555:
1542:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1516:
1506:
1486:
1479:
1384:
1382:
1365:Mon (emblem)
1342:
1315:
1281:
1261:Ottoman flag
1250:
1219:
1111:
1061:coat of arms
1050:
1045:crossed keys
987:
948:Chief Herald
937:
916:
913:Fleur-de-lys
902:
879:
864:
815:
802:burgher arms
791:
728:through the
686:
651:
645:, father of
620:Earl Marshal
609:
578:
562:Royal Family
531:
519:Arms of the
491:Fons Honorum
490:
484:
461:
446:
390:
384:cote a armer
381:
370:coat of arms
369:
367:
354:Burgher arms
352:
336:
287:noble family
277:
265:organization
210:coat of arms
209:
207:
149:Coat of arms
148:
147:
139:
133:
126:
119:
112:
105:
98:
91:
84:
77:
70:
63:
54:coat of arms
53:
3947:Vexillology
3708:Rare metals
3688:(blood red)
3286:Winged lion
3266:Sea-griffin
3201:Hippocampus
3134:Allocamelus
2776:Fimbriation
2704:Compartment
2681:Achievement
2649:Marshalling
2615:distinction
2473:Law of arms
2458:Authorities
2374:Isle of Man
2309:recognition
2256:Switzerland
2191:Netherlands
1226:Warsaw Pact
1077:Virgin Mary
1041:papal tiara
1009:has both a
960:Rideau Hall
886:unification
875:Switzerland
761:Netherlands
687:An earlier
527: 1780
445:The German
363:vexillology
346:during the
327:Dering Roll
273:corporation
121:Compartment
65:Escutcheon
46:achievement
4109:Categories
3892:equestrian
3676:(mulberry)
3402:Harrington
3332:Quatrefoil
3261:Salamander
3206:Hippogriff
3164:Cockatrice
3144:Amphiptere
3116:Wolfsangel
3096:Portcullis
3008:Black swan
2962:Camelopard
2791:Ordinaries
2709:Escutcheon
2659:impalement
2654:quartering
2637:variations
2555:Attributed
2493:pursuivant
2226:San Marino
2186:Montenegro
2166:Luxembourg
2146:Kazakhstan
2049:Azerbaijan
1930:. Pimbley.
1597:0906670446
1565:etymonline
1466:References
1363:See also:
1267:, and the
1253:Arab World
1240:, such as
1211:, and the
1139:, but the
1135:on a blue
1069:armigerous
1067:came from
1011:state seal
871:San Marino
836:County in
550:difference
421:trademarks
311:See also:
241:supporters
221:escutcheon
33:Part of a
3985:resources
3930:socialist
3853:Hatchment
3848:Bookplate
3828:Carnation
3815:Realistic
3628:Erminites
3466:Tinctures
3417:Hinckaert
3382:Bourchier
3236:Ouroboros
3221:Manticore
3126:Legendary
3101:Reremouse
3038:Przepaska
2967:Hind/stag
2957:Dog/hound
2766:Attitudes
2743:Supporter
2671:Societies
2632:divisions
2581:abatement
2364:Gibraltar
2161:Lithuania
1904:19 August
1873:27 August
1847:26 August
1822:26 August
1797:26 August
1771:21 August
1712:26 August
1682:26 August
1650:26 August
1517:redzet.eu
1471:Citations
1149:gold (or)
1095:basilicas
712:, by the
597:civil law
407:. Unlike
368:The term
344:Richard I
291:genealogy
263:, state,
255:(e.g. an
79:Supporter
4057:Timeline
3937:Logotype
3880:Illyrian
3762:BrunĂątre
3686:Sanguine
3623:Erminois
3591:(purple)
3484:Hatching
3479:Tricking
3442:Stafford
3342:Shamrock
3291:Woodwose
3271:Sea-lion
3241:Pantheon
3216:Lindworm
3159:Chollima
3154:Biscione
3149:Basilisk
3071:Crapaudy
2972:Kangaroo
2834:Componée
2828:ĆÄkawica
2724:pavilion
2719:Mantling
2598:courtesy
2593:Alliance
2521:dominion
2516:National
2447:Heraldry
2384:Svalbard
2369:Guernsey
2316:Abkhazia
2286:Scotland
2241:Slovenia
2236:Slovakia
2211:Portugal
2069:Bulgaria
1606:16094741
1569:Archived
1547:Archived
1393:See also
1353:elephant
1345:Eswatini
1330:Botswana
1326:Harambee
1145:tressure
1091:dioceses
1084:devotion
1057:Holy See
1055:and the
915:and the
838:Slovakia
603:and the
538:Scotland
397:Scotland
331:armorial
247:, and a
214:heraldic
100:Mantling
43:Heraldic
3913:Related
3781:Cendrée
3764:(brown)
3618:Ermines
3589:Purpure
3579:(green)
3555:(black)
3528:Colours
3508:(white)
3412:Heneage
3354:Thistle
3347:Trefoil
3281:Unicorn
3256:Phoenix
3251:Pegasus
3246:Panther
3231:Musimon
3226:Mermaid
3211:Lampago
3181:Enfield
3174:Chinese
3111:Serpent
3106:Scallop
3076:Dolphin
3050:Pelican
3045:Martlet
3033:Szaszor
3003:Alerion
2977:Leopard
2952:Bull/ox
2926:Saltire
2914:Roundel
2889:Lozenge
2859:Flaunch
2824:Chevron
2814:Bordure
2799:Annulet
2771:Erasure
2758:Charges
2622:Canting
2610:Cadency
2571:Armiger
2545:Burgher
2498:private
2468:History
2276:England
2266:Ukraine
2216:Romania
2176:Moldova
2134:Ireland
2129:Iceland
2124:Hungary
2114:Germany
2109:Georgia
2099:Finland
2094:Estonia
2089:Denmark
2074:Croatia
2059:Belgium
2054:Belarus
2044:Austria
2039:Armenia
2034:Andorra
2029:Albania
1917:Sources
1750:p. 129.
1351:and an
1334:Lesotho
1322:Swahili
1303:Somalia
1291:leopard
1246:Belarus
1151:field.
1133:saltire
1117:ensigns
1007:Vermont
896:of the
867:Denmark
816:In the
724:by the
654:Ireland
574:heralds
534:England
413:emblems
393:England
374:surcoat
301:History
293:across
253:armiger
229:surcoat
223:(i.e.,
3925:Emblem
3899:Tabard
3823:Proper
3802:
3797:Orange
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3768:
3760:
3758:
3750:
3747:
3726:
3724:
3719:Copper
3716:
3695:
3692:
3683:
3680:
3674:Murrey
3671:
3668:
3661:Stains
3650:Potent
3613:Ermine
3586:
3583:
3574:
3571:
3567:(blue)
3562:
3559:
3550:
3547:
3538:
3535:
3520:(gold)
3515:
3512:
3506:Argent
3503:
3500:
3493:Metals
3359:Turnip
3310:Plants
3296:Wyvern
3186:Garuda
3169:Dragon
3139:Alphyn
2935:Beasts
2919:Bezant
2874:Hamade
2864:Goutte
2819:Canton
2736:slogan
2714:Helmet
2605:Blazon
2564:Topics
2488:herald
2379:Jersey
2321:Kosovo
2261:Turkey
2251:Sweden
2231:Serbia
2221:Russia
2206:Poland
2201:Norway
2181:Monaco
2151:Latvia
2119:Greece
2104:France
2079:Cyprus
1746:
1735:
1604:
1594:
1522:22 May
1494:
1320:, the
1305:, the
1299:Malawi
1285:after
1275:, and
1242:Russia
1234:Poland
1177:, and
1121:colors
1081:Marian
1013:and a
954:. The
928:Canada
909:France
892:, the
859:, and
834:Liptov
786:, and
554:charge
509:, and
417:blazon
269:school
261:family
233:tabard
225:shield
219:on an
141:slogan
128:Charge
107:Helmet
35:series
3870:Badge
3789:Ochre
3698:Tenné
3565:Azure
3553:Sable
3543:(red)
3541:Gules
3437:Savoy
3397:Dacre
3387:Bowen
3374:Knots
3276:Tyger
3196:Harpy
3081:Emmet
3059:Other
3028:Eagle
2996:Birds
2884:Label
2869:Gyron
2849:Chief
2839:Cross
2781:Lines
2748:Torse
2731:Motto
2699:Crest
2644:Fraud
2627:Field
2550:Women
2538:papal
2526:civic
2509:Types
2354:Ă
land
2291:Wales
2246:Spain
2171:Malta
2141:Italy
1816:(PDF)
1676:(PDF)
1669:(PDF)
1386:kamon
1369:Tamga
1324:word
1318:Kenya
1311:Gabon
1295:Benin
1277:Syria
1209:Islam
1147:on a
1137:field
1113:Flags
1065:popes
905:Spain
882:Italy
794:style
593:Wales
558:label
464:logos
409:seals
249:motto
245:crest
231:, or
212:is a
135:Motto
114:Crown
93:Torse
86:Crest
72:Field
4031:and
3887:Seal
3858:Flag
3805:Rose
3772:Buff
3728:Buff
3645:Vair
3633:Pean
3600:Furs
3577:Vert
3452:Wake
3427:Lacy
3337:Rose
3301:Yale
3091:Lucy
3023:Dove
3018:Crow
3013:Cock
2987:Wolf
2982:Lion
2947:Boar
2942:Bear
2909:Pile
2904:Pall
2899:Pale
2894:Orle
2854:Fess
2809:Bend
1906:2015
1875:2015
1849:2015
1824:2015
1799:2015
1773:2008
1744:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1714:2015
1684:2015
1652:2015
1602:OCLC
1592:ISBN
1524:2020
1492:ISBN
1450:Seal
1367:and
1349:lion
1347:, a
1338:Pula
1332:and
1232:and
1051:The
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