597:. Further, unlike his father William was a devout member of the Church of England, which reinforced his loyalty to the Crown. Financially, he needed the salary and perquisites. On 13 January 1775, with revolution seeming imminent, Franklin delivered his "Two Roads" speech to the New Jersey legislature, urging the New Jersey Legislature to take the road toward prosperity as a part of England rather than a road to civil war and anarchy. The legislature instead unanimously issued a resolution in support of the radicals in Boston.
716:, who interceded with his American allies to prevent Asgill's execution, the British officer was eventually released by the Continental Congress, where it was agreed he should return to England on parole. Despite the speed with which it was terminated, the Asgill Affair temporarily stalled peace talks between American and British authorities, extending uncertainty over the United States' prospects. Ironically, Benjamin Franklin was a senior negotiator for the revolutionary Americans in Paris when the Asgill Affair occurred.
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assembly to grant a charter to
Rutgers, the state university, and curtailed imprisonment for debt. He pardoned 105 women sentenced to jail for adultery during his fourteen-year term. The Delaware Indians nicknamed him "Dispenser of Justice" after he hanged two Sussex County men for beheading a prisoner during the Pontiac Rebellion. He also established the first Indian reservation in America at Brotherton in Burlington County.
380:, a leading figure in the city. His mother's identity is unknown. Confusion exists about William's birth and parentage because Benjamin Franklin was secretive about his son's origins. In 1750, Benjamin Franklin told his mother that William was nineteen years old, but this may have been an attempt to make the youth appear to have been conceived within marriage. Some older reference books give William's birth year as 1731.
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506:, France), with Ellen Johnson d'Evelin, the sister-in-law of his stepmother, Mary. William took responsibility for his granddaughter Ellen. Temple moved to Paris, where he lived the remainder of his life and never saw his father again. After Mary died in 1811, William continued to live with Ellen, age 13 at the time, and when he died in 1813 he left most of his small estate to her.
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it, as well we can." William saw his father one last time in 1785, when
Benjamin stopped in Britain on his return journey to the U.S. after his time in France. The meeting was brief and involved tying up outstanding legal matters. In a reconciliation attempt, Benjamin also proposed that his son give land that he owned in New York and New Jersey to William's son
391:; she had been abandoned by her legal husband but not divorced. William always called her his mother. There is some speculation that Deborah Read was William's biological mother, and that because of his parents' common-law relationship, the circumstances of his birth were obscured so as not to be politically harmful to him or to their marital arrangement.
764:, who had served as Benjamin's secretary during the war and for whom the elder Franklin had great affection, in order to repay a debt William owed his father; in the event, William transferred the New York portion of the land. In his 1788 will, Benjamin left William virtually none of his wealth, except some nearly worthless territory in
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asks
Benjamin Franklin if he has heard any news from his son, whom Hancock calls the Royal Governor of New Jersey. To this Dr. Franklin responds, "As that title might suggest, sir, we are not in touch at the present time." Later when a new congressional delegation from New Jersey arrives, the leader
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in
October 1781 dimmed British hopes for victory, and in 1782, William Franklin departed for Britain, never to return. Once in London, he became a leading spokesman for the Loyalist community. Because of the continued strength of British forces in North America, in spite of the disaster at Yorktown,
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and
William's loyalty to Britain, the relationship between father and son became strained past the breaking point. When Benjamin decided to take up the Patriot cause, he tried to convince William to join him, but the son refused. After Benjamin Franklin was systematically ridiculed and humiliated by
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On 14 August 1788, William married Mary
Johnson d'Evelin, a wealthy Irish widow with children. William's son, Temple, after a failed business career in the U.S., lived with his father and stepmother for a time, and followed in his grandfather and father's footsteps and had an illegitimate daughter,
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William
Franklin sent a letter to his father, dated 22 July 1784, in an attempt at reconciliation. His father never accepted his royalist position, but he responded in a letter dated 16 August 1784, in which he states " will endeavor, as you propose mutually to forget what has happened relating to
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Benjamin
Franklin dedicated his autobiography (written before the war) to his son, though the only mention of William within the manuscript is the inclusion of a newspaper article in which Franklin noted that his son was authorized to make contracts to purchase carts for the British army. But the
549:
Franklin proved an able governor; avoiding quarrels with the assembly, he put forth effort to bring about popular reforms, such as the improvement of roads and construction of bridges. He also worked to secure crop subsidies from
England and founded the colony's chancery courts. He encouraged the
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William
Franklin remained as governor of New Jersey, and secretly reported Patriot activities to London. He continued as governor until January 1776, when colonial militiamen placed him under house arrest, which lasted until the middle of June. After the Declaration of Independence, Franklin was
658:, who did not support the idea or had much use for American Loyalists. Nonetheless, Franklin coordinated a multi-colony group known as the Associated Loyalists that waged guerrilla warfare in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. A correspondence between Franklin's collaborator, British General
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Bell, Whitfield J., and Charles Greifenstein, Jr. Patriot-Improvers: Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Philosophical Society. 3 vols. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997, I:22–23, 175, 183, 219–28, 220. 391,430, 433–34, 444, II:248,401, III:19, 235, 296, 489, 490,
756:. His son's reputation as a Loyalist contributed to his position. The British government gave him £1,800 from the Commissioners of Loyalist Claims. That was the value of his furniture; there was no payment for his lands. He also received a brigadier's half-pay pension of £800 per year.
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body with a history of attacking and killing Loyalists and neutrals in New Jersey. At the time, some alleged that Franklin had sanctioned the killing of Huddy. This claim was theoretically substantiated by a note left on Huddy's body, which read, "Up goes Huddy for Philip White."
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Once in New York, Boyd Schlenther says he became, "the acknowledged leader of the American loyalists, for whom he struggled to secure aid. He also built up an unofficial yet active spy network." He set up Loyalist military units to fight the Patriots, such as
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William Franklin is referenced in Lin Manuel- Miranda's song 'Ben Franklin's Song', sung by The Decemberists first released, on December 15, 2017. The song, sung from Benjamin Franklin's perspective references his son William's imprisonment with the lyrics:
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and some property already in William's possession. He stated in the will that the way William "acted against me in the late war, which is of public notoriety, will account for my leaving him no more of an estate he endeavoured to deprive me of."
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father and son were never reconciled; the elder Franklin became known for his uncompromising position related to not providing compensation nor amnesty for the Loyalists who left the colonies, during the negotiations in Paris for the
514:
William Franklin completed his law education in England, and was admitted to the bar. William and Benjamin Franklin became partners and confidants, working together to pursue land grants in what was then called the Northwest (now
537:. He had asked Lord Bute for the position. Bute made the decision secretly to grant the request, not even informing Benjamin Franklin; he intended the position as a reward for Benjamin's role and a move to weaken
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712:, unless Lippincott were handed over to the American military. The British refused, but tried Lippincott. The British acquitted him of charges in the hanging. Due to the intervention of the French King
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494:. The memorial plaque on the wall at St. Paul's was commissioned by William Franklin from London, where he went into exile following the war. He was a widower for more than ten years.
482:). She met William while visiting England with her father in 1760. They moved to the New Jersey colony in 1763. Elizabeth died in 1777 while he was imprisoned as a Loyalist during the
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His Loyalist position was a reflection of his respect for benevolent authority which he felt was embodied by the British Crown, a view consistent with his father's earlier
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692:. The Loyalist soldiers hanged Huddy in revenge for similar killings of Loyalists, particularly Phillip White. Huddy was a member of the Association of Retaliation, a
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426:. Neither family approved of the match, but when William went to London to study law about 1759, he left with the understanding that Elizabeth would wait for him.
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on 29 January 1774, he expected his son to resign in protest. Instead, William advised his father to take his medicine and retire from office.
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for eight months. When finally released in a prisoner exchange in 1778, he moved to New York City, which was still occupied by the British.
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545:, a merchant and colonial administrator who sided with the New Jersey legislature against the government in London. Randall states:
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828:. Upon learning that William is unharmed, Dr. Franklin contemptuously answers, "Tell me, why did they arrest the little bastard?"
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519:). Before they left England, Benjamin lobbied hard to procure his son an appointment, especially working with the Prime Minister
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402:, obtaining the rank of captain in 1747. As he grew older, he accompanied his father on several missions, including trips to
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618:. He surreptitiously engaged Americans in supporting the Loyalist cause. Discovered, he was held in solitary confinement at
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422:, daughter of prominent Philadelphia physician Dr. Thomas Graeme and step-granddaughter of Pennsylvania's 14th Governor,
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688:. During a raid, Loyalist troops under Franklin's general oversight captured Joshua Huddy, an officer of the New Jersey
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Following imprisonment by Patriots in 1776 to 1778, William became the chief leader of the Loyalists. From his base in
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1572:"Who Was the Mother of Franklin's Son: An Inquiry demonstrating that she was Deborah Read, wife of Benjamin Franklin"
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3426:(as amended in 2005), an acting governor serving for 180 continuous days or more is conferred the title of Governor.
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2008:
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1494:"Lin-Manuel Miranda Announces 'Hamildrops' Series, Promising New Monthly 'Hamilton' Content for the Next Year"
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460:, who was born 22 February 1762. His mother has never been identified, and Temple was placed in foster care.
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many expected Britain to continue fighting the war. The British naval victory against the French at the
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Who Was the Mother of Franklin's Son?: An Historical Conundrum, Hitherto given up—Now Partly Answered
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Fleming, Thomas, The Perils of Peace: America's Struggle for Survival, (Collins, New York, 2007) 236
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R. C. Simmons, "Colonial Patronage: Two Letters from William Franklin to the Earl of Bute, 1762."
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and active reprisals against the rebels but was frustrated by British Commander-in-Chief General
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William joined a company of Pennsylvania provincial troops in 1746 and spent a winter in
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333:. In contrast, his father Benjamin was, in later life, one of the most prominent of the
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came to power, who still hoped to achieve a reconciliation with the American colonies.
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William Franklin is referenced in a humorous dialogue exchange in the stage musical
406:. Although often depicted as a young child when he assisted his father in the famed
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1305:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002
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Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.
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2003:
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William died on November 17, 1813, in London, and was buried in London's
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In 1783 he visited Scotland and was asked to be a founding member of the
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Later that year, William married Elizabeth Downes on 4 September 1762 at
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led to Franklin receiving official blessing for the operation in 1780.
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in lower Manhattan, where she had resided after the British evacuated
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1624:
Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 Boyd Stanley
1371:, The Harvard classics. 1909–14, New York: P.F. Collier & Son
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In 1763, William Franklin was appointed as the Royal Governor of
516:
403:
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1634:. "Benjamin Franklin, Patriot, and William Franklin, Loyalist."
1180:, "Benjamin Franklin, Patriot, and William Franklin, Loyalist."
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William Franklin is also referenced occasionally in the series
499:
353:
177:
1620:
Schlenther, Boyd Stanley. "Franklin, William (1730/31–1813)",
824:, informs Dr. Franklin of William's arrest and transferral to
3490:
Loyalist military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
2350:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
3460:
British Army personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
2199:
Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One
1140:
The First American: The life and times of Benjamin Franklin
503:
441:
35:
2113:
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain
16:
British colonial official, soldier, and lawyer (1730–1813)
853:
on AppleTV+ by several characters, including by his son,
1711:
The Proprietary House (final home of the Royal Governor)
680:
In 1782 Franklin was implicated in the Loyalist officer
410:
of 1752, William was at least 21 years old at the time.
456:. While in London, William sired an illegitimate son,
1311:. Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. p. 330.
796:, was named in William's honor, as was the borough of
625:
600:
2241:
A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks
1613:
William Franklin: Son of a Patriot, Servant of a King
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William Franklin: Son of a Patriot, Servant of a King
1019:"Graeme Park | The "Other" Women of Graeme Park"
842:
Who sits all alone in a prison cell on the wrong side
3495:
Loyalists in the American Revolution from New Jersey
1212:
467:, in London. She was born in the English colony of
2364:Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky
2151:"Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745)
1661:The Power to Deny: A Woman of the Revolution Novel
1564:William Franklin: New Jersey's Last Royal Governor
1262:
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3475:Founder fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1590:A Little Revenge: Benjamin Franklin & His Son
650:While in New York, Franklin tried to encourage a
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1041:, American Philosophical Society, archived from
955:
953:
815:. During a session of the Continental Congress,
2220:Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
1415:Autobiography, Poor Richard, and Later Writings
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554:
317:. He was the acknowledged extra-marital son of
1646:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
1597:Randall, Willard Sterne. "Franklin, William";
1576:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
1518:The Loyal Son: The War in Ben Franklin's House
1198:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
1092:The Loyal Son: The War in Ben Franklin's House
635:". In 1779, he had learned through his friend
2800:
1775:
950:
919:
836:One pain that lingers, the hitch in my stride
530:, founded by Benjamin Franklin, around 1758.
309:(22 February 1730 – 17 November 1813) was an
2453:Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin
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839:Is my son back at home who I could not guide
606:formally taken into custody by order of the
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2170:Experiments and Observations on Electricity
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1068:Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women
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737:also raised their hopes. In summer 1782, a
291:Soldier, colonial administrator, politician
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2206:Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775)
1972:Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart
1782:
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1553:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
418:As a young man, William became engaged to
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2300:Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology
2071:President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society
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1919:Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention
1644:. "William Franklin: His Father's Son."
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1196:, "William Franklin: His Father's Son."
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700:When he heard of Huddy's death, General
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486:. She was interred beneath the altar of
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1812:Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
1622:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1587:
1417:, Library of America, pp. 356–58,
1260:
1249:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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959:
647:was secretly defecting to the British.
526:William was inducted into the original
238: 1788; died 1811)
215: 1762; died 1777)
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2249:The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
2133:Early American publishers and printers
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1802:President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788)
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475:John Downes and his wife, Elizabeth (
383:William was raised by his father and
1702:, Franklin Institute, archived from
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1368:Benjamin Franklin, his autobiography
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1265:Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor
1070:, Syracuse Univ Pr, pp. 20–21,
1034:
971:
779:
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343:Founding Father of the United States
2310:Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
2024:Academy and College of Philadelphia
626:New York Loyalist leader, 1778–1781
601:Capture and imprisonment, 1776–1778
313:attorney, soldier, politician, and
13:
2756:Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law)
2156:"The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747)
1855:Committee of Secret Correspondence
1600:American National Biography Online
1347:Franklin, Benjamin, "Dedication",
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570:, where Franklin lived as governor
376:. He was the extra-marital son of
14:
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3510:People from colonial Pennsylvania
2741:Mary Morrell Folger (grandmother)
2391:University of Pennsylvania statue
1678:
708:, a British officer who had been
639:and British Secret Service agent
608:Provincial Congress of New Jersey
21:William Franklin (disambiguation)
3515:Royal American Regiment officers
3470:Colonial governors of New Jersey
3465:Burials at St Pancras Old Church
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2721:Alexander Bache (great-grandson)
2478:Sons of Ben (Philadelphia Union)
2051:Continental Currency dollar coin
1952:Franklin's electrostatic machine
1924:Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
1807:Ambassador to France (1779–1785)
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1588:Randall, Willard Sterne (1984),
1261:Randall, Willard Sterne (1990).
845:Stands against our young nation.
669:
574:Owing to his father's role as a
454:Richard Jackson "The Omniscient"
321:. William Franklin was the last
49:A portrait of William Franklin,
3505:People from colonial New Jersey
2716:Andrew Harwood (great-grandson)
2691:Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter)
2146:The Drinker's Dictionary (1737)
2097:The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
2014:Library Company of Philadelphia
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323:colonial Governor of New Jersey
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67:Colonial Governor of New Jersey
2009:American Philosophical Society
1904:1776 Pennsylvania Constitution
1899:Staten Island Peace Conference
1440:"Ben Franklins family quarrel"
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895:New Jersey Department of State
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704:threatened to execute Captain
528:American Philosophical Society
1:
3500:Politicians from Philadelphia
2107:Silence Dogood letters (1722)
2036:Philadelphia Contributionship
1699:Biography of William Franklin
1566:(1976), a scholarly biography
1539:Ford, Paul Leicester (1889),
1516:Epstein, Daniel Mark (2017).
912:
364:William Franklin was born in
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325:(1763–1776), and a steadfast
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2711:Richard Bache Jr. (grandson)
2701:Benjamin F. Bache (grandson)
2344:The Apotheosis of Washington
2269:Franklin's phonetic alphabet
2227:"The Morals of Chess" (1786)
2120:The Busy-Body columns (1729)
2061:United States Postal Service
1887:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
1753:First Revolutionary Governor
1659:Long Stanley, Wendy (2019).
1570:Hart, Charles Henry (1911),
1090:Daniel Mark Epstein (2017),
555:American War of Independence
7:
2696:William Franklin (grandson)
2416:Jefferson Memorial pediment
2337:Royal Society of Arts medal
2212:A Letter to a Royal Academy
1872:Declaration of Independence
1438:Asmar, Melanie (May 2016).
1413:Franklin, Benjamin (1997),
1401:American National Biography
1166:American National Biography
864:
465:St George's, Hanover Square
448:William studied law at the
10:
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2751:Richard Bache (son-in-law)
2746:Peter Folger (grandfather)
2441:Washington–Franklin stamps
2406:Stanford University statue
2029:University of Pennsylvania
1628:doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/62971
1153:William and Mary Quarterly
1035:Franklin, William Temple,
746:Royal Society of Edinburgh
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484:American Revolutionary War
331:American Revolutionary War
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3485:Lawyers from Philadelphia
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2838:
2822:
2764:
2706:Louis F. Bache (grandson)
2668:
2615:
2575:(2002 documentary series)
2559:(1997 documentary series)
2499:
2458:Benjamin Franklin College
2305:Benjamin Franklin Parkway
2277:
2089:
1942:
1850:Hutchinson letters affair
1820:
1797:
1746:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1615:, Oxford University Press
295:
287:
272:
262:
246:
191:
167:
140:
135:
131:
105:
93:
83:
72:
64:
60:
42:
30:
2731:James Franklin (brother)
2726:Josiah Franklin (father)
2396:Portland, Oregon, statue
2264:Franklin as a journalist
2233:An Address to the Public
2126:The Pennsylvania Gazette
1882:Franco-American alliance
1833:(1754 political cartoon)
1592:, Little, Brown & Co
1534:Publishers Weekly Review
1379:– via bartleby.com
1066:Burstyn, Joan N (1997),
881:
820:of the delegation, Rev.
158:Province of Pennsylvania
2927:Dominion of New England
2816:Governors of New Jersey
2634:The New-England Courant
2431:One-hundred-dollar bill
2332:Benjamin Franklin Medal
2295:Benjamin Franklin House
2139:Poor Richard's Almanack
2046:Early American currency
1997:111th Infantry Regiment
1865:"...to be self-evident"
1737:Last Colonial Governor
1663:. Carmenta Publishing.
1467:Last Will and Testament
855:William Temple Franklin
620:Litchfield, Connecticut
458:William Temple Franklin
434:William Temple Franklin
267:William Temple Franklin
253:(paternal half-brother)
251:Francis Folger Franklin
2686:Francis Franklin (son)
2681:William Franklin (son)
2628:American Enlightenment
2567:(2002 animated series)
2436:Franklin silver dollar
2411:Washington D.C. statue
2386:Columbus, Ohio, statue
2371:Revolutionary War Door
2257:Bagatelles and Satires
2251:(1771–1790, pub. 1791)
2191:Pennsylvania Chronicle
2076:Master, Les Neuf Sœurs
1734:Governor of New Jersey
1648:109.2 (1985): 145–178.
1200:109.2 (1985): 145–178.
739:new British government
571:
552:
445:
315:colonial administrator
258:(paternal half-sister)
122:Governor of New Jersey
2518:Ben Franklin in Paris
2421:Refunding Certificate
2019:Pennsylvania Hospital
1914:Treaty of Paris, 1783
1155:59.1 (2002): 123–134.
774:St Pancras Old Church
731:Battle of the Saintes
726:Surrender at Yorktown
562:
547:
432:
225:Mary Johnson d'Evelin
2824:Proprietary Province
2623:Age of Enlightenment
2549:A More Perfect Union
2426:Franklin half dollar
2401:San Francisco statue
2177:Birch letters (1755)
1838:Albany Plan of Union
1693:at Wikimedia Commons
1636:Pennsylvania History
1470:, FI, archived from
1464:Franklin, Benjamin,
1444:Yale Alumni Magazine
1365:Franklin, Benjamin,
1293:Fleming, pp. 188–89.
1182:Pennsylvania History
927:"Franklin, Benjamin"
735:defence of Gibraltar
710:captured at Yorktown
584:Alexander Wedderburn
256:Sarah Franklin Bache
19:For other uses, see
2736:Jane Mecom (sister)
2676:Deborah Read (wife)
2648:American Revolution
2641:The American Museum
2520:(1964 musical play)
2491:Ben Franklin effect
1743:Last Royal Governor
1719:Government offices
1638:65.1 (1998): 35–45.
1626:accessed 1 Oct 2017
1474:on 15 February 1997
1184:65.1 (1998): 35–45.
939:on 28 December 2007
733:and the successful
664:Lord George Germain
498:Ellen (15 May 1798
414:Marriage and family
372:, then a colony in
339:American Revolution
2599:(2022 documentary)
2501:In popular culture
2315:Franklin Institute
2041:Union Fire Company
1929:Postmaster General
1909:Libertas Americana
1892:Treaty of Alliance
1750:William Livingston
1653:Additional reading
1562:Gerlach, Larry R.
1328:on 24 January 2013
901:gives 16 Nov. and
871:Burlington Company
805:In popular culture
682:Richard Lippincott
572:
446:
115:William Livingston
3455:Benjamin Franklin
3432:
3431:
2957:Viscount Cornbury
2782:
2781:
2607:(2024 miniseries)
2597:Benjamin Franklin
2591:(2015 miniseries)
2583:(2008 miniseries)
2573:Benjamin Franklin
2540:Benjamin Franklin
2473:State of Franklin
2183:The Way to Wealth
1860:Committee of Five
1791:Benjamin Franklin
1758:
1757:
1747:Succeeded by
1689:Media related to
1670:978-1-951747-00-8
1142:(2000) pp 327–28.
1038:Papers, 1775–1819
932:Britannica Online
876:Proprietary House
859:Benjamin Franklin
786:Franklin Township
780:Legacy and honors
702:George Washington
581:Solicitor-General
564:Proprietary House
510:Colonial governor
488:St. Paul's Chapel
424:Sir William Keith
400:King George's War
378:Benjamin Franklin
356:until his death.
319:Benjamin Franklin
299:
298:
277:Benjamin Franklin
124:
3522:
3424:N.J.S.A. 52:15-5
3118:W. S. Pennington
3086:
2932:
2844:
2843:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2772:
2771:
2483:Ships named USS
1934:Founding Fathers
1784:
1777:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1724:Preceded by
1716:
1715:
1707:
1691:William Franklin
1688:
1674:
1616:
1593:
1583:
1582:(3), PSU: 308–14
1558:
1552:
1544:
1504:
1503:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1321:. Archived from
1310:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1268:
1258:
1252:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:William Franklin
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1209:Epstein, 200–201
1207:
1201:
1191:
1185:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1003:, archived from
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
948:
947:
946:
944:
935:, archived from
923:
906:
899:Encyclopedia.com
892:
822:John Witherspoon
633:Bacon's Refugees
539:the Penn faction
481:
452:, chiefly under
420:Elizabeth Graeme
308:
302:William Franklin
239:
237:
216:
214:
202:Elizabeth Downes
174:
171:17 November 1813
151:22 February 1730
150:
148:
136:Personal details
119:
108:
96:
77:
55:
52:
47:
32:William Franklin
28:
27:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3480:Franklin family
3435:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3415:
3084:
3083:
3075:
3011:Lord De La Warr
2949:Royal governors
2943:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2889:West New Jersey
2883:
2851:East New Jersey
2845:
2841:
2836:
2818:
2813:
2783:
2778:
2760:
2664:
2611:
2589:Sons of Liberty
2495:
2367:(1816 painting)
2359:(1783 painting)
2356:Treaty of Paris
2273:
2102:Founders Online
2085:
2066:Street lighting
1982:Kite experiment
1944:
1938:
1843:Albany Congress
1822:
1821:Founding of the
1816:
1793:
1788:
1754:
1752:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1729:
1696:
1681:
1671:
1655:
1642:Skemp, Sheila L
1632:Skemp, Sheila L
1546:
1545:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1359:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1194:Sheila L. Skemp
1192:
1188:
1178:Sheila L. Skemp
1176:
1172:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1119:, Skemp, pp 274
1118:
1114:
1104:Sheila L. Skemp
1102:
1098:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1064:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1033:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:on 12 June 2011
995:
994:
990:
982:
978:
970:
966:
958:
951:
942:
940:
925:
924:
920:
915:
910:
909:
897:gives 13 Nov.,
893:
889:
884:
867:
807:
782:
722:
720:Exile and death
678:
672:
645:Benedict Arnold
628:
603:
576:Founding Father
557:
512:
416:
408:kite experiment
389:common-law wife
387:, his father's
374:British America
362:
337:leaders of the
329:throughout the
304:
279:
254:
242:
241:
233:
229:
226:
218:
210:
206:
203:
176:
172:
162:British America
152:
146:
144:
127:
106:
94:
78:
73:
56:
53:
38:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
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3457:
3452:
3447:
3430:
3429:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3376:
3371:
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3361:
3356:
3351:
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3326:
3321:
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3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
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3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
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3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:Baron Lovelace
2959:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2565:Liberty's Kids
2561:
2553:
2545:
2536:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2468:Mount Franklin
2465:
2463:Franklin Field
2460:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2381:Chicago statue
2378:
2373:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:Franklin Court
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1989:
1987:Pay it forward
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:Glass armonica
1964:
1962:Franklin stove
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1835:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1706:on 3 July 2007
1694:
1680:
1679:External links
1677:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1618:
1605:
1595:
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1567:
1560:
1536:
1528:. Ballantine.
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1485:
1456:
1430:
1423:
1405:
1399:W.S. Randall,
1392:
1383:
1357:
1339:
1318:0-902-198-84-X
1317:
1295:
1286:
1279:
1253:
1240:
1223:
1221:, p. 211.
1211:
1202:
1186:
1170:
1157:
1144:
1138:H. W. Brands,
1131:
1121:
1112:
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1083:
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1055:
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997:"Thomas Græme"
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837:
806:
803:
802:
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798:Franklin Lakes
781:
778:
754:Peace of Paris
721:
718:
706:Charles Asgill
684:'s hanging of
674:Main article:
671:
668:
637:Jonathan Odell
627:
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556:
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541:. He replaced
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186:United Kingdom
175:(aged 83)
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3209:
3206:
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3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:W. Pennington
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
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2865:
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2660:Syng inkstand
2658:
2654:
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2649:
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2638:
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2546:
2543:
2541:
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2534:
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2529:
2528:(1969 musical
2527:
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2399:
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2376:Boston statue
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2250:
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2217:
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2213:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2165:
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2159:
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2149:
2147:
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2142:
2140:
2136:
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2129:
2127:
2123:
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2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
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2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
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2064:
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2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:Lightning rod
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
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1880:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
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1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1831:Join, or Die.
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:United States
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1751:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1609:Skemp, Sheila
1606:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1530:Kirkus Review
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1387:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1349:Autobiography
1343:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1282:
1280:1-55710-034-9
1276:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1236:, Info please
1235:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1125:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1087:
1079:
1077:0-8156-0418-1
1073:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1045:on 7 May 2009
1044:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1006:
1002:
1001:ushistory.org
998:
992:
986:, p. 10.
985:
980:
973:
968:
962:, p. 43.
961:
956:
954:
938:
934:
933:
928:
922:
918:
905:gives 17 Nov.
904:
900:
896:
891:
887:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
862:
860:
857:, as well as
856:
852:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
833:
829:
827:
823:
818:
814:
813:
799:
795:
791:
790:Bergen County
787:
784:
783:
777:
775:
770:
767:
763:
757:
755:
749:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
727:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:
676:Asgill Affair
670:Asgill Affair
667:
665:
661:
660:William Tryon
657:
656:Henry Clinton
653:
652:guerrilla war
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
598:
596:
591:
589:
588:Privy Council
585:
582:
577:
569:
565:
561:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
524:
522:
518:
507:
505:
501:
495:
493:
489:
485:
480: Parsons
479:
474:
471:to the sugar
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
450:Middle Temple
443:
439:
438:John Trumbull
436:, painted by
435:
431:
427:
425:
421:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
357:
355:
351:
350:New York City
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:American-born
307:
303:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
257:
252:
249:
245:
220:
219:
197:
196:
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
143:
139:
134:
130:
123:
118:
116:
113:
112:
110:
104:
101:
98:
92:
89:
86:
82:
76:
71:
68:
63:
59:
46:
41:
37:
29:
26:
22:
3421:
3153:P. Dickerson
3123:M. Dickerson
3085:(since 1776)
3070:
2680:
2640:
2632:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2542:(miniseries)
2539:
2525:
2517:
2512:(1953 short)
2509:
2484:
2446:other stamps
2362:
2354:
2343:
2342:Depicted in
2285:Bibliography
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2219:
2211:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2169:
2161:
2138:
2125:
2112:
1945:other events
1877:Model Treaty
1830:
1742:
1732:
1727:Josiah Hardy
1704:the original
1698:
1660:
1645:
1635:
1621:
1612:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1575:
1563:
1540:
1517:
1511:Bibliography
1497:
1488:
1476:, retrieved
1472:the original
1466:
1459:
1449:14 September
1447:. Retrieved
1443:
1433:
1414:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1373:, retrieved
1367:
1360:
1353:Dear Son:...
1352:
1348:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1304:
1298:
1289:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1247:Schlenther,
1243:
1232:
1226:
1214:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1067:
1047:, retrieved
1043:the original
1037:
1013:
1005:the original
1000:
991:
979:
967:
960:Randall 1984
941:, retrieved
937:the original
930:
921:
890:
850:
848:
830:
817:John Hancock
811:
808:
776:churchyard.
771:
758:
750:
743:
723:
699:
686:Joshua Huddy
679:
649:
629:
604:
592:
573:
548:
543:Josiah Hardy
532:
525:
513:
496:
462:
447:
417:
393:
385:Deborah Read
382:
370:Pennsylvania
366:Philadelphia
363:
347:
301:
300:
283:(stepmother)
281:Deborah Read
173:(1813-11-17)
154:Philadelphia
107:Succeeded by
100:Josiah Hardy
74:
25:
3450:1813 deaths
3445:1730 births
3384:DiFrancesco
2983:Montgomerie
2551:(1989 film)
2259:(pub. 1845)
2141:(1732–1758)
2128:(1729–1790)
1992:Associators
1943:Inventions,
1522:Description
943:16 November
826:Connecticut
766:Nova Scotia
612:Wallingford
595:Anglophilia
586:before the
568:Perth Amboy
492:Perth Amboy
95:Preceded by
54: 1790
3439:Categories
3273:J. F. Fort
3178:G. F. Fort
3128:Williamson
3108:Bloomfield
3093:Livingston
3046:(Lt. Gov.)
2969:(Lt. Gov.)
2967:Ingoldesby
2581:John Adams
2510:Ben and Me
2056:Fugio cent
2004:Junto club
1543:, Brooklyn
1424:1883011531
1219:Skemp 1990
1049:4 November
984:Skemp 1990
913:References
794:New Jersey
641:John André
616:Middletown
535:New Jersey
360:Early life
288:Occupation
147:1730-02-22
88:George III
3411:P. Murphy
3390:McGreevey
3263:F. Murphy
3223:McClellan
2931:(1688–89)
2533:1972 film
2081:Gravesite
1740:1763–1776
1499:Billboard
1164:Randall,
972:Hart 1911
861:himself.
714:Louis XVI
694:vigilante
521:Lord Bute
273:Parent(s)
247:Relations
79:1763–1776
75:In office
3422:* Under
3406:Christie
3344:Driscoll
3258:Voorhees
3208:Randolph
3168:Stratton
3138:Southard
3098:Paterson
3071:Franklin
3052:(acting)
3040:(acting)
3029:(acting)
3023:(acting)
3021:Hamilton
3007:(acting)
3005:Hamilton
3001:(acting)
2999:Anderson
2990:(acting)
2917:Hamilton
2907:Hamilton
2897:Byllynge
2879:Hamilton
2869:Hamilton
2859:Carteret
2832:Carteret
2774:Category
2653:patriots
2643:magazine
2605:Franklin
2557:Liberty!
2485:Franklin
2090:Writings
1957:Bifocals
1611:(1990),
1549:citation
1110:, pp 274
1094:, pp 382
903:Geni.com
865:See also
851:Franklin
469:Barbados
327:Loyalist
263:Children
3401:Corzine
3379:Whitman
3324:Hoffman
3299:Edwards
3283:Fielder
3056:Bernard
3050:Reading
3044:Pownall
3038:Reading
3033:Belcher
3027:Reading
2864:Barclay
2616:Related
1526:preview
1403:(2000).
1251:(2008).
1106:(1990)
690:militia
517:Midwest
502:– 1875
473:planter
404:England
335:Patriot
240:
232:
228:
217:
209:
205:
192:Spouses
182:England
84:Monarch
3374:Florio
3359:Cahill
3354:Hughes
3349:Meyner
3334:Edison
3314:Larson
3304:Silzer
3293:Runyon
3278:Wilson
3268:Stokes
3253:Griggs
3243:Abbett
3233:Abbett
3228:Ludlow
3213:Parker
3198:Parker
3188:Newell
3173:Haines
3163:Haines
3143:Seeley
3103:Howell
3016:Morris
2988:Morris
2978:Burnet
2973:Hunter
2939:Andros
2669:Family
2544:(1972)
2320:awards
2278:Legacy
2243:(1789)
2235:(1789)
2222:(1784)
2214:(1781)
2201:(1773)
2193:(1767)
2185:(1758)
2172:(1751)
2164:(1751)
2115:(1725)
1667:
1532:&
1524:&
1478:5 July
1421:
1375:5 July
1332:3 June
1315:
1277:
1271:457–59
1168:(2000)
1074:
762:Temple
662:, and
500:London
440:(1790–
396:Albany
354:London
341:and a
178:London
3395:Codey
3364:Byrne
3329:Moore
3319:Moore
3309:Moore
3248:Werts
3238:Green
3218:Bedle
3193:Olden
3183:Price
3148:Vroom
3133:Vroom
3113:Ogden
3081:State
3066:Hardy
3061:Boone
2994:Cosby
2912:Basse
2874:Basse
2325:medal
1326:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
882:Notes
643:that
234:(
230:
211:(
207:
65:13th
3369:Kean
3339:Edge
3288:Edge
3203:Ward
2902:Coxe
2526:1776
1665:ISBN
1602:2000
1555:link
1480:2006
1451:2016
1419:ISBN
1377:2006
1334:2016
1313:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1129:505.
1072:ISBN
1051:2012
945:2006
812:1776
724:The
614:and
504:Nice
442:1791
306:FRSE
168:Died
141:Born
36:FRSE
788:in
566:in
478:née
398:in
120:As
3441::
1580:35
1578:,
1574:,
1551:}}
1547:{{
1520:.
1496:.
1442:.
1351:,
1273:.
1058:^
1027:^
999:,
952:^
929:,
792:,
748:.
523:.
368:,
345:.
236:m.
213:m.
184:,
180:,
160:,
156:,
51:c.
3397:*
3386:*
3295:*
2808:e
2801:t
2794:v
2535:)
1783:e
1776:t
1769:v
1673:.
1617:.
1604:.
1594:.
1584:.
1559:.
1557:)
1502:.
1483:.
1453:.
1428:.
1381:.
1336:.
1283:.
1238:.
1081:.
1021:.
974:.
800:.
631:"
444:)
149:)
145:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
