197:
that: "in spite of slavery, the slaves in the West Indies were better off than the labourers of this country. If the peasants of
Ireland were as well off as the negroes of the West Indies, the hon. and learned member for Dublin might indeed give up his agitation, for it would be useless."
517:
622:
109:, but paid compensation to slave-owners for the loss of their property. The £20 million total cost amounted to 40% of the United Kingdom's annual budget. James was awarded £4,713 14 shillings and 9 pennies (equivalent to £605,621 in 2023).
140:. Polling lasted for seven days, with troops called after disturbances. At the end, James won with 468 votes to Musgrave's 382. James's expenses totalled £17,000 (equivalent to £1.99 million in 2023), including £8,000 on bribes and
320:
158:
James voted consistently with the radicals until 1825, when he began to moderate his stances. The following year with falling returns from his
Jamaican estates, James decided not to defend his seat at the
889:
181:
He retreated from his earlier support for universal suffrage, and under pressure from
Carlisle he backed the more modest electoral reforms proposed in the bill which became the
67:(1735–1798), a slave trader, plantation owner and slave owner. His father William Evans James was from Liverpool, and his mother Elizabeth was a daughter of Nicholas Ashton, of
566:
245:
244:
James died at
Barrock Lodge on 4 May 1861. Fanny had died ten months earlier, on 6 July 1860. He was succeeded in Barrock Lodge by his eldest son,
234:
949:
798:
206:
944:
705:
682:
954:
939:
241:, a Liverpool cotton broker. They had ten sons and three daughters, but seven of the thirteen children died before their parents.
133:
576:
44:
794:
746:
742:
693:
689:
122:
48:
929:
804:
755:
751:
699:
358:
218:
214:
210:
202:
186:
175:
171:
160:
147:
In
Parliament, James made many interventions but no major speeches. He focused on political reform, repeatedly calling for
118:
959:
833:
820:
422:
395:
602:
490:
829:
769:
721:
709:
669:
137:
136:, and chose to sit for the county. The resulting by-election in May was a heated two-way contest between James and
72:
773:
761:
735:
441:
20:
934:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
810:
787:
717:
64:
853:
249:
167:
102:
91:
660:
95:
87:
385:
678:
155:
in
Manchester. He claimed to support an end to slavery, but did little to promote the cause.
129:
412:
894:
884:
879:
731:
546:
8:
194:
163:. He was nonetheless nominated, but did not attend, and finished in a poor third place.
551:
237:. In 1816, he married Frances "Fanny" Rutson, the daughter of William Calton Rutson of
205:, James stood down in Carlisle. In 1836, he was elected unopposed in a by-election for
148:
598:
418:
391:
261:
230:
152:
815:
170:
in 1826–27. He did not contest the two
Carlisle by-elections in the 1820s, nor the
294:
783:
238:
190:
182:
451:
590:
456:
106:
873:
32:
121:, James was persuaded by the lesser tradesmen of Carlisle to stand for the
83:
68:
40:
193:
of the
Abolition of Slavery Bill, he told the Irish nationalist leader
98:, Jamaica was placed in a trust which passed to young William in 1817.
52:
628:
523:
63:
James was born in
Liverpool, to a family enriched by his grandfather
36:
94:. When his grandfather died in 1798, the Clifton Hill Plantation at
359:"JAMES, William (1791–1861), of Barrock Lodge, Lower Heskett, Cumb"
141:
76:
655:
571:
414:
Dealing with Losers: The
Political Economy of Policy Transitions
352:
350:
348:
346:
344:
342:
340:
338:
336:
334:
890:
Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies
597:(2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services.
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
331:
471:
178:
with the support of campaigners for parliamentary reform.
616:
614:
495:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1820–1832
363:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1820–1832
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
151:, and he supported protesters imprisoned after the 1819
221:
when he decided that a contest would be too expensive.
611:
274:
509:
125:. He polled poorly on the first day, and withdrew.
55:for twenty years over the three decades from 1820.
621:
516:
295:"William James MP: Profile & Legacies Summary"
209:. He was returned again in contested elections in
436:
434:
871:
595:British parliamentary election results 1832–1885
449:
387:Making Europe: The Story of the West, Since 1300
567:"Ministerial Plan for the Abolition of Slavery"
583:
539:
450:Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024).
431:
233:in Cumberland, a former country estate of the
661:contributions in Parliament by William James
489:Escott, Margaret (2009). D.R. Fisher (ed.).
357:Escott, Margaret (2009). D.R. Fisher (ed.).
31:(29 March 1791 – 4 May 1861) was an English
144:; the defeated Musgrave had spent £23,000.
632:. London, England. 12 July 1860. p. 1
410:
132:, was also elected for the county seat of
19:For other people named William James, see
404:
229:In 1815, James bought Barrock Lodge near
545:
527:. London, England. 2 May 1826. p. 3
174:, but he was re-elected for Carlisle in
75:in Liverpool, but later practised as an
319:
872:
488:
417:. Oxford University Press. p. 1.
383:
356:
301:. UCL Department of History 2014. 2014
16:English Radical politician (1791–1861)
589:
377:
950:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
313:
299:Legacies of British Slave-ownership
71:, Lancashire. He was baptised at a
13:
945:Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
14:
971:
648:
390:. Cengage Learning. p. 617.
128:However, one of the two winners,
105:abolished slavery throughout the
955:People from the City of Carlisle
670:Parliament of the United Kingdom
448:"consistent series" supplied in
224:
73:Paradise Street Unitarian Chapel
940:People educated at Eton College
572:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
559:
555:. 6 February 1827. p. 273.
442:Gross Domestic Product deflator
411:Trebilcock, Michael J. (2014).
189:, and in July 1833, during the
579:. 31 July 1833. col. 216.
119:general election in March 1820
21:William James (disambiguation)
1:
452:"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?"
267:
58:
497:. Cambridge University Press
365:. Cambridge University Press
7:
930:High sheriffs of Cumberland
325:A Cambridge Alumni Database
255:
51:(MP) for constituencies in
10:
976:
960:Politicians from Liverpool
854:High Sheriff of Cumberland
327:. University of Cambridge.
321:"James, William (JMS808W)"
250:High Sheriff of Cumberland
185:. He was returned at the
168:High Sheriff of Cumberland
103:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
92:Trinity College, Cambridge
18:
860:
851:
845:
840:
826:
792:
780:
766:
740:
728:
714:
687:
675:
668:
384:Kidner, Frank L. (2013).
112:
811:Sir James Graham, 2nd Bt
718:Sir James Graham, 2nd Bt
706:Sir James Graham, 1st Bt
683:Sir James Graham, 1st Bt
217:, but stood down at the
96:Saint Thomas-in-the-East
88:Jesus College, Cambridge
722:Sir Philip Musgrave, Bt
710:Sir Philip Musgrave, Bt
138:Sir Philip Musgrave, Bt
679:John Christian Curwen
219:1847 general election
203:1835 general election
187:1832 general election
172:1831 general election
161:1826 general election
935:English slave owners
795:Member of Parliament
788:Sir James Graham, Bt
743:Member of Parliament
732:James Law Lushington
690:Member of Parliament
491:"Carlisle 1820–1832"
246:William Edward James
235:3rd Duke of Portland
49:Member of Parliament
834:Hon. Charles Howard
821:Hon. Charles Howard
444:figures follow the
123:borough of Carlisle
82:He was educated at
552:The London Gazette
149:universal suffrage
868:
867:
861:Succeeded by
848:Humphrey Senhouse
827:Succeeded by
767:Succeeded by
715:Succeeded by
262:John Ashton Yates
153:Peterloo massacre
967:
925:UK MPs 1841–1847
920:UK MPs 1837–1841
915:UK MPs 1835–1837
910:UK MPs 1832–1835
905:UK MPs 1831–1832
900:UK MPs 1820–1826
846:Preceded by
841:Honorary titles
830:William Marshall
816:Francis Aglionby
781:Preceded by
770:William Marshall
729:Preceded by
676:Preceded by
666:
665:
642:
641:
639:
637:
625:
618:
609:
608:
587:
581:
580:
577:House of Commons
563:
557:
556:
543:
537:
536:
534:
532:
520:
513:
507:
506:
504:
502:
486:
469:
468:
466:
464:
438:
429:
428:
408:
402:
401:
381:
375:
374:
372:
370:
354:
329:
328:
317:
311:
310:
308:
306:
291:
195:Daniel O'Connell
166:James served as
45:House of Commons
43:, he sat in the
975:
974:
970:
969:
968:
966:
965:
964:
870:
869:
864:
857:
849:
836:
832:
819:
814:
807:
802:
799:East Cumberland
790:
786:
784:William Blamire
776:
772:
758:
750:
738:
734:
724:
720:
708:
702:
697:
685:
681:
651:
646:
645:
635:
633:
620:
619:
612:
605:
591:Craig, F. W. S.
588:
584:
565:
564:
560:
544:
540:
530:
528:
518:"News in Brief"
515:
514:
510:
500:
498:
487:
472:
462:
460:
440:United Kingdom
439:
432:
425:
409:
405:
398:
382:
378:
368:
366:
355:
332:
318:
314:
304:
302:
293:
292:
275:
270:
258:
227:
207:East Cumberland
191:committee stage
183:Reform Act 1832
115:
61:
35:politician. A
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
973:
963:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
866:
865:
862:
859:
850:
847:
843:
842:
838:
837:
828:
825:
791:
782:
778:
777:
768:
765:
739:
730:
726:
725:
716:
713:
686:
677:
673:
672:
664:
663:
650:
649:External links
647:
644:
643:
610:
603:
582:
558:
538:
508:
470:
457:MeasuringWorth
446:MeasuringWorth
430:
424:978-0199370658
423:
403:
397:978-1111841324
396:
376:
330:
312:
272:
271:
269:
266:
265:
264:
257:
254:
239:Allerton Lodge
226:
223:
114:
111:
107:British Empire
60:
57:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
972:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
863:Thomas Parker
856:
855:
844:
839:
835:
831:
824:
822:
817:
812:
806:
801:
800:
796:
789:
785:
779:
775:
774:Philip Howard
771:
764:
763:
762:Philip Howard
757:
753:
749:
748:
744:
737:
736:Philip Howard
733:
727:
723:
719:
712:
711:
707:
701:
696:
695:
691:
684:
680:
674:
671:
667:
662:
658:
657:
653:
652:
631:
630:
624:
617:
615:
606:
604:0-900178-26-4
600:
596:
592:
586:
578:
574:
573:
568:
562:
554:
553:
548:
542:
526:
525:
519:
512:
496:
492:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
459:
458:
453:
447:
443:
437:
435:
426:
420:
416:
415:
407:
399:
393:
389:
388:
380:
364:
360:
353:
351:
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
339:
337:
335:
326:
322:
316:
300:
296:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
273:
263:
260:
259:
253:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
225:Personal life
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
156:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
110:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:William James
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
29:William James
26:
22:
852:
809:
793:
760:
741:
704:
688:
654:
634:. Retrieved
627:
594:
585:
570:
561:
550:
541:
529:. Retrieved
522:
511:
499:. Retrieved
494:
461:. Retrieved
455:
445:
413:
406:
386:
379:
367:. Retrieved
362:
324:
315:
303:. Retrieved
298:
243:
228:
200:
180:
165:
157:
146:
127:
116:
100:
81:
69:Woolton Hall
62:
28:
27:
25:
895:Cumbria MPs
885:1861 deaths
880:1791 births
659:1803–2005:
547:"No. 18333"
130:John Curwen
41:slave-owner
874:Categories
823:from 1840
268:References
134:Cumberland
59:Early life
53:Cumberland
818:1837–1840
629:The Times
593:(1989) .
524:The Times
37:Liverpool
747:Carlisle
694:Carlisle
623:"Deaths"
256:See also
231:Carlisle
142:treating
77:Anglican
813:to 1837
656:Hansard
463:15 July
248:, also
201:At the
117:At the
90:, then
33:Radical
808:With:
759:With:
703:With:
636:8 July
601:
531:8 July
501:8 July
421:
394:
369:8 July
305:8 July
113:Career
39:-born
858:1827
803:1836–
698:1820–
47:as a
805:1847
797:for
756:1835
752:1831
745:for
700:1826
692:for
638:2017
599:ISBN
533:2017
503:2017
465:2024
419:ISBN
392:ISBN
371:2017
307:2017
215:1841
213:and
211:1837
176:1831
101:The
86:and
84:Eton
876::
626:.
613:^
575:.
569:.
549:.
521:.
493:.
473:^
454:.
433:^
361:.
333:^
323:.
297:.
276:^
252:.
79:.
754:–
640:.
607:.
535:.
505:.
467:.
427:.
400:.
373:.
309:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.