6090:
heritage reaches 90%. "A new portrayal of each ethnicity contribution to the DNA of
Brazilians, obtained with samples from the five regions of the country, has indicated that, on average, European ancestors are responsible for nearly 80% of the genetic heritage of the population. The variation between the regions is small, with the possible exception of the South, where the European contribution reaches nearly 90%. The results, published by the scientific magazine 'American Journal of Human Biology' by a team of the Catholic University of Brasília, show that, in Brazil, physical indicators such as skin colour, colour of the eyes and colour of the hair have little to do with the genetic ancestry of each person, which has been shown in previous studies"(regardless of census classification). "Ancestry informative SNPs can be useful to estimate individual and population biogeographical ancestry. Brazilian population is characterized by a genetic background of three parental populations (European, African, and Brazilian Native Amerindians) with a wide degree and diverse patterns of admixture. In this work we analyzed the information content of 28 ancestry-informative SNPs into multiplexed panels using three parental population sources (African, Amerindian, and European) to infer the genetic admixture in an urban sample of the five Brazilian geopolitical regions. The SNPs assigned apart the parental populations from each other and thus can be applied for ancestry estimation in a three hybrid admixed population. Data was used to infer genetic ancestry in Brazilians with an admixture model. Pairwise estimates of F (st) among the five Brazilian geopolitical regions suggested little genetic differentiation only between the South and the remaining regions. Estimates of ancestry results are consistent with the heterogeneous genetic profile of Brazilian population, with a major contribution of European ancestry (0.771) followed by African (0.143) and Amerindian contributions (0.085). The described multiplexed SNP panels can be useful tool for bioanthropological studies but it can be mainly valuable to control for spurious results in genetic association studies in admixed populations." The samples came from free of charge paternity test takers, thus as the researchers made it explicit: "the paternity tests were free of charge, the population samples involved people of variable socioeconomic strata, although
12079:
1550:
1514:
5522:
1940:
2631:
6444:". The 2011 autosomal study samples came from blood donors (the lowest classes constitute the great majority of blood donors in Brazil), and also public health institutions personnel and health students. In all Brazilian regions European, African and Amerindian genetic markers are found in the local populations, even though the proportion of each varies from region to region and from individual to individual. However most regions showed basically the same structure, a greater European contribution to the population, followed by African and Native American contributions: "Some people had the vision Brazil was a heterogeneous mosaic Our study proves Brazil is a lot more integrated than some expected". Brazilian homogeneity is, therefore, greater within regions than between them:
4908:
6860:
C.; Hurtado, Malena; Villegas, Valeria; Granja, Vanessa; Villena, Mercedes; Vásquez, René; Llop, Elena; Sandoval, José R.; Salazar-Granara, Alberto A.; Parolin, Maria-Laura; Sandoval, Karla; Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda I.; Rangel-Villalobos, Hector; Winkler, Cheryl A.; Klitz, William; Bravi, Claudio; Molina, Julio; Corach, Daniel; Barrantes, Ramiro; Gomes, Verónica; Resende, Carlos; Gusmão, Leonor; Amorim, Antonio; Xue, Yali; Dugoujon, Jean-Michel; Moral, Pedro; González-José, Rolando; Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bortolini, Maria-Cátira; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Poletti, Giovanni; Gallo, Carla; Bedoya, Gabriel; Rothhammer, Francisco; Balding, David; Hellenthal, Garrett; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés (19 December 2018).
5807:
were made by extrapolation of experimental results with relatively small samples and, therefore, their confidence limits are very ample". A new autosomal study from 2011, also led by Sérgio Pena, but with nearly 1000 samples this time, from all over the country, shows that in most
Brazilian regions most Brazilians "whites" are less than 10% African in ancestry, and it also shows that the "pardos" are predominantly European in ancestry, the European ancestry being therefore the main component in the Brazilian population, in spite of a very high degree of African ancestry and significant Native American contribution. Other autosomal studies (see some of them below) show a European predominance in the Brazilian population.
1952:
1532:
3393:
2591:
6658:
Northeastern
Brazilian to be predominantly European in ancestry (65%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions (25% and 9%). A study from 2002 quoted previous and older studies, saying that: "Salzano (28, a study from 1997) calculated for the Northeastern population as a whole, 51% European, 36% African, and 13% Amerindian ancestries whereas in the north, Santos and Guerreiro (29, a study from 1995) obtained 47% European, 12% African, and 41% Amerindian descent, and in the southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul, Dornelles et al. (30, a study from 1999) calculated 82% European, 7% African, and 11% Amerindian ancestries. Krieger et al. (31,
6204:
were found out to carry very little
Amerindian or African admixtures. "The results of the tests of genomic ancestry are quite different from the self made estimates of European ancestry", say the researchers. In general, the test results showed that European ancestry is far more important than the students thought it would be. The "pardos" for example thought of themselves as ⅓ European, ⅓ African and ⅓ Amerindian before the tests, and yet their ancestry was determined to be at over 80% European. The "blacks" (pretos) of the periphery of Rio de Janeiro, according to this study, thought of themselves as predominantly African before the study and yet they turned out
2514:
1458:
3614:
13010:
407:
4336:
4150:
4059:
4008:
3968:
1912:
1426:
432:
421:
5730:
1878:, and significantly higher than the national average – 33% – among Brazilian whites) and 11% African MtDNA. Another study also concluded that for the formation of the Gaúcho there was a predominance of Iberians, particularly Spaniards. To evaluate the extension of Gaucho genetic diversity of the Gauchos, and retrieve part of their history, a study with 547 individuals, of which 278 were Native Americans (Guarani and Kaingang) and 269 admixed from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, was carried out. The genetic finding matches with the explanation of sociologist
1830:, 1612–15). In 1630, the Dutch made the most significant attempt to seize Brazil from Portuguese control. At the time, Portugal was in a dynastic union with Spain, and the Dutch hostility against Spain was transferred to Portugal. The Dutch were able to control most of the Brazilian Northeast – then the most dynamic part of Brazil – for about a quarter century, but were unable to change the ethnic makeup of the colonizing population, which remained overwhelmingly Portuguese by origin and culture. Sephardic Jews of Portuguese origin moved from Amsterdam to
157:
13002:
2579:
106:
6688:
6662:) studied a population of Brazilian northeastern origin living in São Paulo with blood groups and electrophoretic markers and showed that whites presented 18% of African and 12% of Amerindian genetic contribution and that blacks presented 28% of European and 5% of Amerindian genetic contribution (31). Of course, all of these Amerindian admixture estimates are subject to the caveat mentioned in the previous paragraph. At any rate, compared with these previous studies, our estimates showed higher levels of bidirectional admixture between Africans and non-Africans."
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5500:
4385:
4405:
10274:
2563:
123:
2443:
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1472:
191:
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of the
Brazilian population in 1872. What explains this change is that the Portuguese colonizers and their descendants managed to reproduce much more quickly than Africans and their descendants. During the three centuries of African slavery in Brazil, the growth of the black population was basically due to the importation of new slaves from Africa, given that the natural reproduction of slaves was very slow and even little stimulated (it was more economical to buy new slaves than to take care of slave children). Moreover,
2646:
6216:
in all urban populations (with values up to 74%). The populations in the North consisted of a significant proportion of Native
American ancestry that was about two times higher than the African contribution. Conversely, in the Northeast, Center-West and Southeast, African ancestry was the second most prevalent. At an intrapopulation level, all urban populations were highly admixed, and most of the variation in ancestry proportions was observed between individuals within each population rather than among population'.
1983:
Brazil, which was seen by the
Portuguese as a land of abundance and opportunities for enrichment. Of those who arrived, most headed for the city of Rio de Janeiro. Young immigrants who arrived supported by a pre-existing solidarity network represented 8 to 11% of immigrants; those qualified or possessing capital to invest in Brazil constituted about 10% of the total, while immigrants without any type of qualification made up no less than 80% of the Portuguese who arrived in Rio at the end of the 19th century.
1924:
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140:
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1500:
174:
47:
2499:'s dictatorship, starting in 1937. The Brazilian government started to see the immigrant colonies as a “national problem”, which threatened the uniformity of Brazilian identity, and their inhabitants were subject to great repression. Vargas ordered all schools associated with foreign cultures to be closed, forcing all schools to teach exclusively in Portuguese, and the use of foreign languages, including orally, in public or in private, was banned in Brazil, with people being arrested and beaten.
2533:
2475:
country in that period, and, in certain regions of the South and
Southeast, this percentage is much higher. In the regions where they concentrated most, these immigrants created Europeanized landscapes and bequeathed a dominantly "white" population, creating a human panorama different from the relative Portuguese-Brazilian uniformity of the country, but where it is possible to distinguish the sub-areas where each ethnic group was concentrated, whether German, Italian, Polish or Russian.
1444:
1336:
1305:
285:
4233:
2874:
4272:. The city of Rio de Janeiro, the town of Rio Doce in Minas Gerais and the state of Espírito Santo were other destinations in the Southeast region. Later waves settled in Santarém, Pará—in the north of the Amazon River—as well as in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, adding a significant number of immigrants to the region's population. Altogether, close to 25,000 American immigrants settled in Brazil during the 19th century. That is one of the main reasons why emperor
3142:
3153:
2090:
1643:
3822:
2455:
4932:
2548:
1809:
6674:
5511:
14160:
3238:
6654:, the most populous state in Brazil, with about 40 million people, showed the following composition, according to an autosomal study from 2006: European genes account for 79% of the heritage of the people of São Paulo, 14% are of African origin, and 7% Native American. A more recent study, from 2013, found the following composition in São Paulo state: 61,9% European, 25,5% African and 11,6% Native American.
3704:
13197:
C.; Burley, Mari-Wyn; Konca, Esra; de
Oliveira, Marcelo Zagonel; Veronez, Mauricio Roberto; Rubio-Codina, Marta; Attanasio, Orazio; Gibbon, Sahra; Ray, Nicolas; Gallo, Carla; Poletti, Giovanni; Rosique, Javier; Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bortolini, Maria-Cátira; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Rothhammer, Francisco; Bedoya, Gabriel; Balding, David; Gonzalez-José, Rolando (25 September 2014).
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4855:
4837:
4819:
4801:
4783:
4765:
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78:
64:
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15909:
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northeast of Brazil during the colonial period. After Brazil was promoted to kingdom, the 19th century witnessed a new wave of
British citizens settling in the country, since England had special trading privileges with the nation. English were responsible for most of the railways, public lighting and urban transportation like trams and Irish worked as manual workers in constructions such as the
5693:
12690:
1663:“whites” and mainly of "brown people" in the 19th century. Genetic studies show that, even in Brazilian regions that received little or virtually no European immigration after independence from Portugal (such as the North and Northeast), European genetic ancestry predominates in the population. European ancestry is greater than the African or Amerindian ones in all regions of Brazil.
4034:, situated on the red and fertile soil of the northwestern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, while most Lithuanians and Latvians would settle in São Paulo posteriorly. Besides São Paulo, other states that received Baltic people during the 20th century were Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and Espírito Santo. Latvian is still spoken in Santa Catarina and Paraná.
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different from other immigrants in Brazil, like the Germans, or Italians who brought many women along with them (even though the proportion of men was higher in any immigrant community). Despite the smaller female proportion, Portuguese men married mainly Portuguese women. Female immigrants rarely married Brazilian men. In this context, the Portuguese had a rate of
2077:, which remained predominantly of European origin, believed – in syntony with the racialist theories then widespread in Europe – that the large numbers of blacks, Amerindians and mixed-race people who made up the majority of the population were a handicap to the development of their countries. As a result, countries such as
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4499:, which subsequently means among the least anti-semitic ones on the planet. And Jewish Brazilian personalities stated in a jocose form that the only threat they face is assimilation by marriage with Europeans, Levantine Arabs and East Asians. Intermarriage between Jews and non-Jewish descendants might have an even higher rate than in the US.
2794:. Minas Gerais received generally Italians, looking for arable acreage in the 19th century, and Portugueses early in the 18th during the Gold and Diamond Rush. Minas Gerais was also destination for Germans, Czech, Bulgarians, Romanians, Hungarians, Ashkenazi Jews, Spaniards, Serbians, Greeks, Armenians, and Lebanese who settled the country.
556:, in Brazil miscegenation was always legal. What was expected was that miscegenation would eventually turn all Brazilians into whites. However, the most recent census in 2010 showed a shift in mentality, with a growing number of Brazilians identifying themselves as brown or Black, accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of whites, with
4050:("Lithuanians we are born, Lithuanians we must be") – lyrics of a traditional patriotic song. They are joined by Columns of Gediminas, a symbol of the famous Gediminid dynasty (1315–1572) which brought the medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania to its glory as the Europe's largest state. There's also a Lithuanian church facing the square.
1388:, or from the Atlantic islands. White women of marriageable age were rare throughout the Portuguese maritime Empire. The few Portuguese families that immigrated to Brazil tended to stay on the coast, rarely penetrating the interior. The situation changed slightly in the 18th century, when the migration of families and women from the
5779:, 33% Amerindian and 28% African female ancestry. This, considering the facts that the slave trade was effectively suppressed in 1850, and that the Amerindian population had been reduced to small numbers even earlier, shows that at least 61% of white Brazilians had at least one ancestor living in Brazil before the beginning of the
459:
African ancestry and 14% reported Amerindian ancestry (15% of them reported to have both). Only 48% of those whites did not report any non-European ancestry. Thus, in Brazil, one can self-identify as "white" and still have African or Amerindian ancestry, and such a person has no problem admitting to having non-European ancestors.
7363:
3580:, where Germans and Austrians were about 50% of all foreigners (Germans, 40%; Austrians, 10%), it was the only state where Germans were the principal nationality among foreigners. Other states with some significant proportion were Rio Grande do Sul (Germans, slightly over 25%) and Paraná (Germans, 10%; Austrians, 10%). The
2062:
Immigration was not only considered a means of supplying the necessary labor in the fields, or of colonizing the national territory covered by virgin forests, but also as a means of "improving" the Brazilian population by increasing the number of whites. Hence, Brazilian immigration policies were strongly influenced by the
1407:, where they would follow a religious life. Given this absence of white women available for marriage, it was inevitable for Portuguese colonists to take as a lover a woman of African or indigenous origin. The Portuguese Crown's concern about the scarcity of marriages among whites in the colony became evident in 1732, when
5818:, heavily settled by people of Italian descent, the results from the maternal and paternal sides showed almost complete European ancestry. On the other hand, a sample of whites from several other regions of Rio Grande do Sul showed significant fractions of Native American (36%) and African (16%) mtDNA haplogroups.
2086:
the country. In the case of Brazil, the immigrants started arriving in huge numbers during the 1880s. From 1886 to 1900, almost 1.4 million Europeans arrived, of whom over 900,000 were Italians. During this period of 14 years, Brazil received more Europeans than during the over 300 years of colonization.
3959:. Diplomatic relations between Brazil and Sweden were established in 1826. During the mid to late 19th century many Scandinavians arrived in Brazil, particularly to the southern states as well as Rio de Janeiro, which features a Scandinavian Association, and São Paulo, where the Scandinavian church is based.
1874:(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) on Gaúchos from Bagé and Alegrete, in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, revealed that they are mostly descended from Portuguese and Spanish ancestors, with 52% of them having Amerindian MtDNA (similar to that found in people who live in the area of the
1415:, in a royal decree of 1726, the king demanded that all candidates for positions in the municipal councils of Minas Gerais had to be whites and husbands or widowers of white women. Restrictive measures like this, however, would not be able to restrict the natural tendency to miscegenation in colonial Brazil.
7259:
13282:
Marrero, Andrea Rita; Pereira Das Neves Leite, Fábio; De Almeida Carvalho, Bianca; Martins Peres, Leandro; Kommers, Trícia Cristine; Mânica Da Cruz, Ivana; Salzano, Francisco Mauro; Ruiz-Linares, Andres; Araújo Da Silva Júnior, Wilson; Cátira Bortolini, Maria (July 2005). "Heterogeneity of the genome
6647:
According to an autosomal DNA study (from 2003) focused on the composition of the Brazilian population as a whole, "European contribution is highest in the South (81% to 82%), and lowest in the North (68% to 71%). The African component is lowest in the South (11%), while the highest values are found
4479:
The capital of São Paulo together with the satellite city of Campinas in the metropolitan area has the greatest number of Jews in the country, followed by Rio de Janeiro capital and Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. Other state capitals in the nation that figure among the largest Jewish
4213:
was a Brazilian zoologist, politician and diplomat born in 1894. Lutz, whose mother was a British nurse and father a Swiss Brazilian pioneering physician and epidemiologist, became a leading figure in both the Pan American feminist movement fighting for women's suffrage and human rights movement. The
3222:
Portuguese people are still the biggest group of foreigners living in the country, with 137,973 Portuguese-born people living in Brazil as of 2010. The first half of 2011 alone saw an increase of 52,000 Portuguese nationals applying for a permanent residence visa while another large group was granted
2494:
In turn, the immigrants who went to the rural settlements (colonies) were gathered in isolated groups, maintaining little contact with the rest of the Brazilian society, which allowed the maintenance of language and ethnic identity for generations. Until the 1940s, in the colonies, few descendants of
1630:
The proportional reduction of blacks and the increase of whites and brown people, between 1835 and 1872, had little or nothing to do with a recent European immigration: between 1822 and 1872, only 268,000 European immigrants entered Brazil, and these immigrants and their descendants did not exceed 6%
1418:
Thus, the "white" population of colonial Brazil was not formed by the multiplication of European families in the colony, as occurred, for example, in the United States, but often by the miscegenation between European men and African or indigenous women, giving rise to a population defined as "white",
512:
In colonial Brazil, the formation of a white population of exclusive European ancestry was not very common. In the first centuries of colonization, almost only Portuguese men immigrated to Brazil, since Portuguese women were often prevented from migrating. Given such gender imbalance, Portuguese male
13196:
Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Quinto-Sanchez, Mirsha; Jaramillo, Claudia; Arias, William; Fuentes, Macarena; Pizarro, María; Everardo, Paola; de Avila, Francisco; Gómez-Valdés, Jorge; León-Mimila, Paola; Hunemeier, Tábita; Ramallo, Virginia; Silva de Cerqueira, Caio
7825:
Saloum de Neves Manta, Fernanda; Pereira, Rui; Vianna, Romulo; Rodolfo Beuttenmüller de Araújo, Alfredo; Leite Góes Gitaí, Daniel; Aparecida da Silva, Dayse; de Vargas Wolfgramm, Eldamária; da Mota Pontes, Isabel; Ivan Aguiar, José; Ozório Moraes, Milton; Fagundes de Carvalho, Elizeu; Gusmão, Leonor
4195:
and his sibling Edwin, both children of an English diplomat, are also praised for pioneering football in Brazil and introducing the sport especially to the city of Rio de Janeiro during the 1900s. Oscar organized the first football match in the history of the state of Rio de Janeiro in 1901 and then
4179:
British immigration to Brazil can be divided into four main periods: colonial, monarchical, Old Republic and the 1960s/1970s. Most of the oldest capitals in Brazil possess colonial Anglican cemeteries or English cemeteries. And a group of Scottish religious dissidents established a settlement in the
2506:
dictatorship, minority languages of European origin still survive in certain communities concentrated in southern Brazil, mainly of German, Italian and Slavic origin. However, their use has been decreasing in recent generations. The break with the isolation of these communities, with the improvement
2474:
The immigration of millions of Europeans to Brazil, between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, contributed to bring greater diversity to the Brazilian population. It is estimated that about 20% of the Brazilian population is descended from people who immigrated to the
1982:
The second main group were the Portuguese who, added to the colonizing population of the earlier centuries, form the most important European group in Brazil. The fragmentation and disappearance of small properties in northern Portugal at the end of the 19th century stimulated a growing emigration to
6439:
An autosomal study from 2011 (with nearly almost 1000 samples from all over the country, "whites", "pardos" and "blacks" included, according to their respective proportions) has also concluded that European ancestry is the predominant ancestry in Brazil, accounting for nearly 70% of the ancestry of
6215:
An autosomal study from 2013, with nearly 1300 samples from all of the Brazilian regions, found a pred. degree of European ancestry combined with African and Native American contributions, in varying degrees. 'Following an increasing North to South gradient, European ancestry was the most prevalent
6089:
Another study (autosomal DNA study, from 2010) found out that European ancestry predominates in the Brazilian population as a whole ("whites", "pardos" and "blacks" altogether). European ancestry is dominant throughout Brazil at nearly 80%, except for the Southern part of Brazil, where the European
6081:
According to another study, autosomal DNA study (see table), those who identified as whites in Rio de Janeiro turned out to have 86.4% – and self identified pardos 68.1% – European ancestry on average. Blacks were found out to have on average 41.8% European ancestry.
4208:
back in 1894. Even though the sport had been played in an informal manner since the 1870s by British, Dutch and French sailors, as well as by European immigrants, Miller's merit lays in the fact that he arrived in Brazil with the necessary apparatus for the organized practice of football, being the
4037:
Today, the state of São Paulo is home to the majority of the Lithuanian Brazilians, and its capital hosts the only true Lithuanian neighborhood in South America – Vila Zelina. Its construction was carried out ~1927 when Lithuanian immigration was peaking. The district is centered around Republic of
2085:
and Brazil started to encourage the arrival of European immigrants, in order to make the white population grow and to dilute the African and Amerindian blood in their population. Argentina even had an article in its Constitution prohibiting any attempt to prevent the entry of European immigrants in
2029:
The end of the slave trade (1850) and the abolition of slavery (1888) prompted the Brazilian State to promote European immigration to Brazil. The production of coffee, the main product of Brazil at the time, began to suffer a shortage of workers due to the slave emancipation process. In one hundred
563:
As a result of that desire of whitening its own population, the Brazilian ruling classes encouraged the arrival of massive European immigration to the country. In the 1890s, 1.2 million European immigrants were added to the country's 5 million whites. Today the Brazilian areas with larger
7926:
Pena, Sérgio D. J.; Di Pietro, Giuliano; Fuchshuber-Moraes, Mateus; Genro, Julia Pasqualini; Hutz, Mara H.; Kehdy, Fernanda de Souza Gomes; Kohlrausch, Fabiana; Magno, Luiz Alexandre Viana; Montenegro, Raquel Carvalho; Moraes, Manoel Odorico; Moraes, Maria Elisabete Amaral de; Moraes, Milene Raiol
6859:
Chacón-Duque, Juan-Camilo; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena; Mendoza-Revilla, Javier; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Barquera, Rodrigo; Quinto-Sánchez, Mirsha; Gómez-Valdés, Jorge; Everardo Martínez, Paola; Villamil-Ramírez, Hugo; Hünemeier, Tábita; Ramallo, Virginia; Silva de Cerqueira, Caio
6325:
According to another autosomal DNA study from 2009, the Brazilian population, in all regions of the country, was also found out to be predominantly European: "all the Brazilian samples (regions) lie more closely to the European group than to the African populations or to the Mestizos from Mexico".
4513:
Greek immigration to Brazil can be divided into three periods. The first Greek families arrived during the monarchical period in the 19th century, followed by two larger influxes: the period right after the break of the Great War in 1914 and prolonged until the 1930s, and the final one right after
4432:
on the planet. Ashkenazi Jews first arrived during Imperial times, when the liberal second emperor of Brazil welcomed a few thousands of families facing persecution in Europe during the 1870s and 1880s. Two heavier influxes took place during the 20th century. The earliest right after the Great War
2797:
However, the impact of the White immigration was larger in Southern Brazil, because even though it got a lesser migration, since it had a very small population, the immigration's impact was greater to its demography when compared to other Brazilian regions. The main concentrations in Rio Grande do
2128:
European immigrants were brought to Brazil mostly to replace the slave labor in coffee plantations. Brazilian landowners, who were used to deal with slaves, began to deal with free and paid European workers. These immigrants were often mistreated by Brazilian farmers and subjected to conditions of
1662:
On the other hand, the Portuguese and their descendants managed to increase their numbers, year after year, not by the entry of new immigrants, but by their remarkable reproductive capacity, particularly through miscegenation with indigenous and black women, which explains the continuous growth of
1355:
It is notable that most Portuguese settlers arrived in Brazil in the 18th century: 600,000 in a period of only sixty years. Initially unattractive during the first two centuries of colonization, as it concentrated sugar production, which required high investments, by the end of the 17th and in the
1267:
In the 1940 census, people were asked for their "color or race"; if the answer was not "White", "Black", or "Yellow", interviewers were instructed to fill the "color or race" box with a slash. These slashes were later totaled in the category "pardo". In practice this means answers such as "pardo",
458:
concluded that "racial-purity" is not important for a person to be classified as white in Brazil. The survey asked respondents if they had any ancestors who were European, African or Amerindian. As much as 52% of those whites reported they have some non-European ancestry: 25% reported to have some
6203:
In support of the dominant European heritage of Brazil, according to another autosomal DNA study (from 2009) conducted on a school in the poor periphery of Rio de Janeiro the "pardos" there were found to be on average over 80% European, and the "whites" (who thought of themselves as "very mixed")
5806:
for 49% of the caucasian population. According to this study, in all United States 11% of Caucasians have over 10% African genes. Thus, 86% of Brazilians would have at least 10% of genes that came from Africa. The researchers however were cautious about its conclusions: "Obviously these estimates
3214:
Portuguese women appeared with some regularity among immigrants, with percentage variation in different decades and regions of the country. However, even among the influx of Portuguese immigrants at the turn of the 20th century, there were 319 men to each 100 women among them. The Portuguese were
551:
largely influenced race relations in Brazil since the late 19th century. The predominant non-white, mostly Afro-Brazilian population was seen as a problem for Brazil in the eyes of the predominantly white elite of the country. In contrast to some countries, like the United States or South Africa,
543:
for "color", denotes the Brazilian rough equivalent of the term "race" in English, but is based on a complex phenotypic evaluation that takes into account skin pigmentation, hair type, nose shape, and lip shape. This concept, unlike the English notion of "race", captures the continuous aspects of
4314:
Pérola Ellis Byington (Pearl) born in 1879 to the American immigrants Mary Elisabeth Ellis and Robert Dickson McIntyre in Santa Bárbara D'Oeste and married to the industrialist Alberto Jackson Byington, was an accoladed educator, social activist, philanthropist and volunteer for the American and
1666:
This does not mean that the majority of the population in these regions is "white"; on the contrary, due to the high degree of miscegenation between Europeans, Africans and Amerindians, in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil only a minority is white, and the majority identify themselves as
6537:
A 2015 autosomal genetic study, which also analysed data of 25 studies of 38 different Brazilian populations concluded that: European ancestry accounts for 62% of the heritage of the population, followed by the African (21%) and the Native American (17%). The European contribution is highest in
5829:
city, Northeastern Brazil, found whites of Porto Alegre had 8% of African alleles and in Natal the ancestry of the samples total was characterized as 58% white, 25% black, and 17% Amerindian. This study found that persons identified as white or Pardo in Natal have similar ancestries, a dominant
4114:
Most Hungarian descendants live in São Paulo, where there are several Hungarian associations. Hungarians have two institutions with legal personality: the Brazilian-Hungarian Aid Association and the Brazilian-Hungarian Cultural Association and both own the auditorium Hungarian House. The Kálmán
4046:). Liberty statue (1977) that crowns the Plaza center is modelled after the one in Kaunas, Lithuania (that original symbol of interwar Lithuanian freedom had been pulled down by Soviets in 1950, making its reconstruction in communism-free São Paulo even more symbolic). It bears the inscription
3591:
Endogamy was the rule among the 19th-century German, Austrian and Luxembourgish colonies and young married women in the homogeneously isolated German colonies settled in the three Southern states had a high fertility rate of 8–9 children per woman; that was especially the case for those youths
13664:
de Assis Poiares, Lilian; de Sá Osorio, Paulo; Spanhol, Fábio Alexandre; Coltre, Sidnei César; Rodenbusch, Rodrigo; Gusmão, Leonor; Largura, Alvaro; Sandrini, Fabiano; da Silva, Cláudia Maria Dornelles (February 2010). "Allele frequencies of 15 STRs in a representative sample of the Brazilian
2120:
Brazilian coffee producers, fearful of the crisis in the labor force, began to put pressure on the Legislative Branch to facilitate the entry of foreign workers to be inserted as manpower in the coffee plantations. To this end, laws were enforced to facilitate the entry of immigrants and the
2061:
to defend the "whitening" of the population as a necessary factor for the development of Brazil. The Brazilian social and political elite, which was mostly white, took it for granted that the country did not develop because its population was largely composed of black and mixed-race people.
1979:. The Italians, pressured by the poverty that plagued Italy, headed for rural settlements in southern Brazil, where they became small farmers, as well as for coffee farms in the southeast, where they replaced slave labor. Others, especially the southern ones, went straight to urban centers.
2945:, Poles and Swedes, was also one of the destinations in the South and Southeast for American Confederate settlers in 1867, differing from São Paulo and Paraná colonies, where the American Confederate presence gave birth to new towns such as Americana in São Paulo. Neighboring towns such as
6657:
Several other older studies have suggested that European ancestry is the main component in all Brazilian regions. A study from 1965, Methods of Analysis of a Hybrid Population (Human Biology, vol 37, number 1), led by the geneticists D. F. Roberts e R. W. Hiorns, found out the average the
2105:
to "whiten" Brazil, since the Amerindian and African elements were very strong in the population, a fact that was considered a problem by the local elite, that considered these races inferior. Bringing European immigrants was seen as a way to "improve" the racial composition of the local
3432:
settled in Brazil, starting in 1824. They were the fourth largest nationality to immigrate to Brazil, after the Portuguese (1.8 million), the Italians (1.6 million), the Spaniards (0.72 million); Germans were followed by the Japanese (248,000), the Poles and the Russians.
6435:
According to another autosomal study from 2008, by the University of Brasília (UnB), European ancestry dominates in the whole of Brazil (in all regions), accounting for 65,90% of heritage of the population, followed by the African contribution (24,80%) and the Native American (9,3%).
5729:
8528:
El Gobierno federal fomentará la inmigración europea; y no podrá restringir, limitar ni gravar con impuesto alguno la entrada en el territorio argentino de los extranjeros que traigan por objeto labrar la tierra, mejorar las industrias, e introducir y enseñar las ciencias y las
322:. Historically, the Portuguese were the Europeans who mostly immigrated to Brazil: it is estimated that, between 1500 and 1808, 500,000 of them went to live in Brazil, and the Portuguese were practically the only European group to have definitively settled in colonial Brazil.
7346:
7330:
6648:
in the Southeast (18–20%). Extreme values for the Amerindian fraction were found in the South and Southeast (7%–8%) and North (17%–18%)". The researchers were cautious with the results as their samples came from paternity test takers which may have skewed the results partly.
1328:, to explore sugar production, which was the most profitable activity in the colony at that time. At the end of the 16th century, the white population (the vast majority Portuguese) was of over 30,000 people, mainly concentrated in the captaincies of Pernambuco, Bahia and
2777:
but also French and received the second largest number of Jews after SP. São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro followed by Paraná also received most of the English-Welsh and Scots; The countryside of Espírito Santo was mainly populated by people arriving from Germany, especially
348:
The white Brazilian population is spread throughout Brazil's territory, but its highest percentage is found in the three southernmost states, where 72.6% of the population claims to be White in the censuses, whereas the Southeast region has the largest absolute numbers.
1375:
is that it was predominantly male. Portuguese immigration to Brazil in the 16th and 17th centuries was made up almost exclusively of men. The typical Portuguese settler in Brazil was a young man in his late teens or in his early twenties, coming from the provinces of
1667:“brown” in the censuses; however, the genetic composition of these regions, with a predominance of European ancestry, particularly Portuguese, highlights the genetic legacy inherited from Portuguese colonization and the complex miscegenation that occurred back then.
4244:
At the end of the American Civil War in the 1860s, a migration of Confederates to Brazil began, with the total number of immigrants estimated in the thousands. They settled primarily in Southern and Southeastern Brazil founding many towns in the state of São Paulo:
2486:
The influence of the environment cannot be underestimated: immigrants who went to coffee farms or urban centers assimilated more easily, as there was daily contact with Brazilians, generating common interests, friendships and mixed marriages. In these regions, the
13887:
Callegari-Jacques, Sidia M.; Grattapaglia, Dario; Salzano, Francisco M.; Salamoni, Sabrina P.; Crossetti, Shaiane G.; Ferreira, Márcio E.; Hutz, Mara H. (November 2003). "Historical genetics: Spatiotemporal analysis of the formation of the Brazilian population".
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of these immigrants in the Brazilian society was highly variable from nationality to nationality. Portuguese, Italians and Spaniards assimilated more easily; Russians, Poles and Austrians occupied an intermediate position, while Germans were more resistant.
1419:
but which was, to a greater or lesser degree, of mixed-race heritage. This population, speaking Portuguese and completely integrated with the "neo-Brazilian" culture, has assisted the Portuguese colonizers to impose their dominant characteristics in Brazil.
1368:, there were more favorable conditions for the arrival of Portuguese immigrants in Brazil. There was no need for major investments for mining activity. Mining in these regions was a crucial factor in the arrival of this contingent of Portuguese immigrants.
13833:
Rodrigues de Moura, Ronald; Coelho, Antonio Victor Campos; de Queiroz Balbino, Valdir; Crovella, Sergio; Brandão, Lucas André Cavalcanti (10 September 2015). "Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries".
10122:
3919:
Between 1850 and 1965 around 100,000 French people immigrated to Brazil. The country received the second largest number of French immigrants to South America after Argentina (239,000). It is estimated that there are 1.2 million Brazilians of French and
7766:
Ronald Rodrigues de Moura; Antonio Victor Campos Coelho; Valdir de Queiroz Balbino; Sergio Crovella; Lucas André Cavalcanti Brandão (10 September 2015). "Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries".
1639:: "An infinity of blacks died without leaving any descendants". In 1850, with the prohibition of the entry of new slaves in Brazil, the proportional growth of the black population not only stagnated, but also decreased substantially, as can be seen.
5563:
Until quite recently, many of these towns have been relatively isolated areas, and German or Italian cultural traditions are still very strong, with many of their inhabitants being able to speak German or Italian, especially in the more rural areas.
6085:
According to another study (from 1965, and based on blood groups and electrophoretic markers) carried out on whites of Northeastern Brazilian origin living in São Paulo the ancestries would be 70% European, 18% African and 12% Amerindian admixture.
3194:
was seen as the great chance of enrichment for those who emigrated and this explains why most Portuguese immigrants chose the city of Rio de Janeiro as their main destination. Many of those who arrived came to work as clerks in one of the countless
3280:, which came to be labeled an "Italian city" in the early twentieth century, Italians engaged mainly in the incipient industry and urban services activities. They came to represent 90% of the 60,000 workers employed in São Paulo factories in 1901.
5783:. This analysis, however, only shows a small fraction of a person's ancestry (the Y Chromosome comes from a single male ancestor and the mtDNA from a single female ancestor, while the contributions of the many other ancestors is not specified).
2833:
The vast majority of Slavs is concentrated in Paraná, mainly Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians, followed by German and Italian dwellers in the countryside who also arrived to populate the sparsely inhabited South. Some localities like
4525:
Whites dominate Brazilian arts, business and science. Overall, whites constitute 86.3% of the 1% richest population of Brazil as of 2007. The majority of representatives of the 20 largest companies in Brazil are white. These companies include
1573:
According to estimates of Brazil's ethnic composition in 1835 (excluding the indigenous peoples), just over half of the Brazilian population was black (51.4%), followed by whites (24.4%) and brown people (18.2%). About four decades later,
2507:
of highways and infrastructure, the need to learn Portuguese to enter the job market, as well as the diffusion of the media (press, radio, television, internet), has led to the growing use of the Portuguese language in these communities.
3436:
Most German immigrants in Brazil became small landowners in the interior of the southern region. They started very poor but, over time, their settlements grew and they prospered. In the 1930s, while occupying less than 0.5% of Brazil's
4598:
Whites also dominate the sciences and academics. According to a Folha University Ranking, among the rectors and vice-chancellors of the 25 top universities, 89.8% are white; 8.2% are brown; 2% are black; none are yellow (East Asian).
4487:
said the new status would strengthen ties between both Brazilians and Israelis. Suplicy, who had recently married a Jew, added that the new status would be a kickoff for urban, cultural, scientific, tourist and economic programs.
3849:
went to the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo between 1858 and 1862, where they founded the settlement of Holanda, a colony of 500 mainly Reformed folk from West Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Dutch province of Zeeland. Dutch and other
3635:, working as small farmers. From 1872 to 1919, 110,243 "Russian" citizens entered Brazil. In fact, the vast majority of them were Poles ("Russian" Catholics), since, up to 1917, a part of Poland was under Russian rule due to the
13544:
4576:
has been the highest paid model in the world for 10 years. With a reported net worth of $ 290 million, she is widely recognized as the poster child for Brazilian fashion models, being the first 'breakthrough' model from Brazil.
1319:
In the first two centuries of colonization (16th and 17th centuries), it is estimated that no more than 100,000 Portuguese people migrated to Brazil. They were more affluent immigrants, who settled mainly in the captaincies of
4022:
migration peaked in the 1920s and 1930s, when 35% of all emigrants from interwar Lithuania chosen Brazil as their destination, around 50,000 moved in. Besides Lithuanians, the Baltic diaspora also comprises one of the largest
1834:; but in 1654, when the Portuguese regained control of Brazil, most of them were expelled, as well as most of the Dutch settlers. A group of Dutch and Portuguese Jews then moved to North America, forming a Jewish community in
10980:
2933:), also received Italians, French, Swedes, Norwegians, Swiss, Lithuanians and Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Poles, Slovenians, Croatians, Belgians and Spaniards to populate its interior during the 19th century. The town of
9349:
11524:
12527:
7927:
de; Ojopi, Élida B.; Perini, Jamila A.; Racciopi, Clarice; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos; Rios-Santos, Fabrício; Romano-Silva, Marco A.; Sortica, Vinicius A.; Suarez-Kurtz, Guilherme (16 February 2011).
4369:
in the country. There were many causes for Levantines to leave their homelands in the Ottoman Empire; overpopulation in Lebanon, conscription in Lebanon and Syria, and religious persecution by the Ottoman Turks.
12594:
1986:
The third most numerous group came from Spain. Spaniards, often forgotten by Brazilian historiography, went mainly to São Paulo, to work in the coffee plantations. They were mainly from southern Spain, from the
10126:
1256:
The 1872 and 1890 censuses counted "caboclos" (White-Amerindian mixed race people) apart. In the 1890 census, the category "pardo" was replaced with "mestiço". Figures for 1890 are available at the IBGE site.
7237:
3938:
The relations between Brazil and Sweden are rooted in the family ties of the Brazilian and the Swedish Royal Families and in the Swedish emigration to Brazil in the end of the 19th century. The wife of King
3844:
During the 19th and 20th century, a few immigrants from the Netherlands came to the central and southern states of Brazil. The first Dutch immigrants to South America after its independence waves from their
10156:
1998:
The fourth most relevant group were the Germans. The promotion of German immigration to Brazil was old, dating back to 1824, with the presence of immigrants who had a great importance in the occupation of
8373:
8823:
4306:
were named, were primally Scottish, English-Welsh, Irish, Scandinavian, Dutch and German, (ethnic Germans among Romanian, Czech, Russian and Polish immigrant descendants). More recently, other waves of
9195:
3175:
After independence in 1822, about 1.79 million Portuguese immigrants arrived in Brazil, most of them in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Most of these immigrants settled in Rio de Janeiro.
10709:
9959:
10876:
9551:
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4209:
first team manager, and consolidating it within sports clubs by captivating the public, considering that the then British-Brazilians and other citizens of the period were more accustomed to cricket.
13094:
13069:
1578:, the census registered significant changes in the ethnic composition: blacks dropped to 19.7%, while whites increased their proportion to 38.1% and brown people became the most numerous, at 42.2%.
5760:
suffer only minor mutations through centuries, thus can be used to establish the paternal line in males (because only males have the Y chromosome) and the maternal line in both males and females.
4595:, a television presenter, film actress, singer and successful businesswoman born in Rio Grande do Sul, has the highest net worth of any Brazilian female entertainer, estimated at US$ 350 million.
3273:, where they initially worked for the local landowners, either for a wage or under a contract that allowed them to use a portion of land for subsistency, in exchange for labour in the plantation.
1513:
11855:
11546:
12754:
12046:
9494:
8175:
7538:
7275:
3441:, German communities generated 8% of the Brazilian agricultural production. Over time, some of the German settlements became urbanized and by 1930 Germans owned 10% of industries and 12% of
1549:
12012:
9694:
4460:. Erected in 1636, its foundations have been recently rediscovered, and the 20th-century buildings on the site have been altered to resemble a 17th-century Dutch synagogue. There is now a
325:
Furthermore, even after independence, the Portuguese were among the nationalities that mostly immigrated to Brazil. Between 1884 and 1959, 4,734,494 immigrants entered Brazil, mostly from
9841:
11641:
10240:
7474:
13552:
4268:
The bordering state of Paraná was the main destination in the South, followed by Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, where Americans arrived in 1867 settling in growing towns such as
2018:
It was only in 1818 that the Portuguese rulers abandoned the principle of restricting settling in Brazil to Portuguese nationals. In that year over two thousand Swiss migrants from the
11906:
11600:
Levas de humildes jovens ingleses, galeses e escoceses que se fixaram sobretudo em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro durante os anos 1960 e 1970 fugindo de um rígido sistema de castas sociais
9520:
2495:
immigrants knew how to speak Portuguese, even though some of them had been living in Brazil for generations. The big blow came through the nationalization campaign, implemented during
5810:
Another genetic research suggested that the white Brazilian population is not genetically homogenous, as its genomic ancestry varies in different regions. Samples of white males from
8743:
5739:
In Brazil, European genetic ancestry reaches its maximum in the central area of the Southern Region (90-99.99%) and its minimum in the northern area of the Northern Region (40-50%).
2661:
Most of the 4,431,000 immigrants that entered the country between 1821 and 1932 settled in São Paulo (state) and other Southeastern states: São Paulo received most of the Italians (
2101:
The mass European immigration to Brazil only started in the second half of the 19th century, from 1850 to 1970 over 5 million Europeans arrived, because of three main reasons:
12821:
10984:
9102:
12980:
10336:
1866:
However, in the Southern Brazilian areas disputed between Portugal and Spain, Spanish colonists largely contributed for the ethnic formation of the local population, denominated
12551:"Cover Story: Xuxa's Very Big Neighborhood : Brazil's glittery godmother of children's TV has conquered Latin America, invaded Europe and set her sights on the U.S. market"
10898:
9657:
4315:
Brazilian Red Cross, who had hospitals and a town in Paraná named after her. Other famous Brazilians who descend from American immigrants are the former Chief Justice of Brazil
10210:
6971:
12944:
9003:
8648:
7029:
4323:, a geneticist, agricultural engineer, entomologist, professor and scientific leader, notable for his discoveries in the genetics and sex determination of bees and the singer
13755:
Alves-Silva, Juliana; da Silva Santos, Magda; Guimarães, Pedro E.M.; Ferreira, Alessandro C.S.; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Pena, Sérgio D.J.; Prado, Vania Ferreira (August 2000).
10298:
7885:
8934:
11520:
3374:, who emigrated alone and paid for their passage by ship. Galician smallholders and artisans settled mainly in urban areas of Brazil and eventually became factory workers.
1316:
Brazil received more European settlers during its colonial era than any other country in the Americas. Between 1500 and 1760, about 700,000 Europeans immigrated to Brazil.
544:
phenotypes. Thus, it seems there is no racial descent rule operational in Brazil; it is even possible for two siblings to belong to completely diverse "racial" categories.
9746:
4042:), where 7 streets meet up (one of them named after a Lithuanian priest Pijus Ragažinskas (Pio Ragazinskas, 1907–1988) who started the only Lithuanian-Brazilian newspaper
539:
In Brazil, social prejudice connected to certain details in the physical appearance of individual is widespread. Those details are related to the concept of "cor". "Cor",
13040:
12519:
12582:
12156:
6807:
14148:
12186:
11044:
547:
An important factor about whiteness in Brazil is the racial stigma of being Amerindian or Black, which is undesirable and avoided for a large part of the population.
14509:
7233:
7211:
13804:
13602:
Santos, Ricardo Ventura; Fry, Peter H.; Monteiro, Simone; Maio, Marcos Chor; Rodrigues, José Carlos; Bastos-Rodrigues, Luciana; Pena, Sérgio D. J. (December 2009).
10366:
9320:[The great European immigration to Brazil and immigrants within the Spanish scenario of the Paulista coffee plantations: one of the issues (in) visibility]
8960:[The great European immigration to Brazil and immigrants within the Spanish scenario of the Paulista coffee plantations: one of the issues (in) visibility]
8765:
8416:
4480:
communities are Curitiba in Paraná, Belo Horizonte in Minas Gerais, Recife, the national capital Brasília in the Federal District, Belém, Manaus and Florianópolis.
7448:
11393:
10148:
7674:
11309:
8863:
2610:
10932:
8357:
1863:
Aside these military attempts, a very small number of non-Portuguese people appear to have managed to enter Brazil from European countries other than Portugal.
13980:
10954:
9879:
8830:
5556:
In the 19th century, many German and Italian immigrants were attracted by the Brazilian government to populate inhospitable areas in the South of the country.
4557:, an investor and the child of Swiss immigrants, is ranked as the 19th richest person in the world by Forbes, with an estimated net worth of US$ 38.7 billion.
3445:
in Brazil. Other settlements remained rural and rather isolated and even today many of their inhabitants are still able to speak German or a Germanic dialect.
9585:
9191:
8114:
1882:
about the ethnic formation of the Brazilian Gaúchos: they are mostly the result of the miscegenation of Spanish and Portuguese males with Amerindian females.
11419:
10701:
9947:
3367:. Most of them had their passage by ship paid by the Brazilian government, emigrated in families and were taken to the coffee farms for the needed manpower.
12467:
12005:"Dozens of Brazilian Olim Arrive in Time for Israel's Purim Carnivals - The Jewish Press - David Israel - 5 Adar II 5776 – March 14, 2016 - JewishPress.com"
10872:
9547:
9457:
8616:
15165:
13101:
13062:
10521:
Ina Emmel (2005). ""Die kann nun nich', die is' beim treppenputzen!" O PROGRESSIVO NO ALEMÃO DE POMERODE–SC" (PDF). UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA.
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5837:
have a predominantly degree of European ancestry (>70%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions. "Whites" and "pardos" from
4279:
was the first foreign Chief of State and Head of Government to visit Washington, D.C. in 1876 and also attended the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia.
2141:
banned subsidized immigration to Brazil, after complaints that Spanish citizens were living in conditions of semi-slavery in coffee plantations of Brazil.
12342:
10775:
12560:
5736:
12713:
11850:
11550:
9842:
http://www.brasil.kiev.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=172:ucranianos-no-brasil&catid=45:ucranianos-no-brasil&Itemid=110
8554:
12779:
12293:
7299:
13931:
Ferreira, Luzitano Brandão; Mendes, Celso Teixeira; Wiezel, Cláudia Emília Vieira; Luizon, Marcelo Rizzatti; Simões, Aguinaldo Luiz (September 2006).
10071:
8171:
7607:
12744:
11191:"Brazil Brown Bag Seminar Series – Lithuanian Diaspora in the Americas by Erick Reis Godliauskas Zen. Organizer: Lemann Center for Brazilian Studies"
10096:
2786:), Switzerland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, France, Romania, Slovakia and Iberia, comprising chiefly Catalans but including
2590:
2513:
9630:
2121:
Brazilian government started to spend public money paying the passage of immigrants from Europe. The state of São Paulo, in the first decade of the
12039:
11880:
9490:
9302:
9127:
7534:
7282:
1425:
1332:. The colonization process continued throughout the 17th century and by the end of the century, the white population was of nearly 100,000 people.
12267:
12004:
8243:
13170:
11576:
11190:
10740:
9690:
5089:
3803:
and working as farmers in the state, today a land of regnant Orthodox churches, where Slavic traditions can be witnessed all over the territory.
3169:
251:
13364:
12208:
10593:
8766:"COMPARANDO O USO DAS LÍNGUAS PELOS FALANTES DE MINORIAS LINGUÍSTICAS: O CASO DOS DESCENDENTES ALEMÃES NO BRASIL E O CASO DOS GREGOS NA GEÓRGIA"
8446:
1531:
528:, that separated "whites" from "non-whites", was regarded as impractical in Brazil, since this would even exclude many members of the Brazilian
15123:
refers to countries, regions and territories in which the majority ethnic group is generally considered to be people of white European descent.
14141:
10679:
10649:
10236:
7470:
7004:
2130:
1939:
12407:
12134:
11019:
10178:
8490:
4546:
groups, and according to the Valor 1000 ranking from 2014, 95% of these representatives declare themselves as white, 5% declare themselves as
2870:, Faroese people and other Scandinavians, as well as to Slavs, Italians, French, Swiss, Spaniards and one of the country's Jewish communities.
15787:
13326:
Helena, M.; Franco, L. P.; Weimer, Tania A.; Salzano, F. M. (1981), "Blood polymorphisms and racial admixture in two Brazilian populations",
11942:
11902:
11679:
9768:
9516:
8518:
4086:
2942:
9317:
8957:
2993:, founded in 1891 still have an over 90% Venetian population of which many still speak the Talian dialect. Most Venetians settled after the
1443:
14466:
11445:
11165:
9853:
9720:
9067:
8739:
4465:
3484:
13458:
12813:
5771:
comes from a European male ancestor, only 2% from an African ancestor and there is a complete absence of Amerindian contributions. On the
15913:
14126:
13522:
11795:
10461:
8077:
7418:
6442:
In all regions studied, the European ancestry was predominant, with proportions ranging from 60.6% in the Northeast to 77.7% in the South
5521:
4630:
4444:
can be found in every one of the 5 geographical regions, but are most common in the Northeast, with Pernambuco having one of the largest
3858:(named after Holland-America-Brazil), famous for its tulips and the annual Expoflora event, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and around
1399:
In addition to the fact that marriageable Portuguese women who arrived in Brazil were rare, the few remaining white women often remained
9924:
9318:"A GRANDE IMIGRAÇÃO EUROPÉIA PARA O BRASIL E O IMIGRANTE ESPANHOL NO CENÁRIO DA CAFEICULTURA PAULISTA: ASPECTOS DE UMA (IN)VISIBILIDADE"
9098:
8958:"A GRANDE IMIGRAÇÃO EUROPÉIA PARA O BRASIL E O IMIGRANTE ESPANHOL NO CENÁRIO DA CAFEICULTURA PAULISTA: ASPECTOS DE UMA (IN)VISIBILIDADE"
8905:
2826:, where one of the first colonies to take an urbanized figure was Hamburger Berg, future Novo Hamburgo, dismembered from or spun out of
14474:
12976:
11361:
11076:
10332:
5270:
1658:, showing a Brazilian family each generation becoming "whiter" (black grandmother, mulatto mother, white father, and white baby), 1895.
14044:
Dornelles, C L; Callegari-Jacques, S M; Robinson, W M; Weimer, T A; Franco, M H L P; Hickmann, A C; Geiger, C J; Salzamo, F M (1999).
12108:
11756:
10906:
9665:
6538:
Southern Brazil (77%), the African highest in Northeast Brazil (27%) and the Native American is the highest in Northern Brazil (32%).
4298:. The New Texas settlement leader, Frank McMullen, also left the U.S. in 1865 with former citizens of the Confederacy. Ethnically the
2578:
14134:
10214:
9266:
6963:
1457:
12951:
11467:
8999:
8641:
7389:
7040:
14690:
14499:
14489:
14479:
13199:"Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals"
10288:
7178:
5748:(mtDNA) is present in all human beings and passed down through the maternal line, i.e. the mother of a mother of a mother etc. The
5744:
The genes can reveal from what part of the world the oldest ancestors of the paternal and maternal line of a person came from. The
5560:
was banned in these settlements and many of these areas remained settled exclusively by European immigrants and their descendants.
4646:
2830:, dubbed the cradle of German culture in Brazil. Its capital, Porto Alegre, has the third largest Jewish population in the nation.
14632:
14046:"Genetics, surnames, grandparents' nationalities, and ethnic admixture in Southern Brazil: Do the patterns of variation coincide?"
13148:
8930:
8791:
7402:
3735:). The parish founded in 1819 was given the name of "São João Batista de Nova Friburgo" (Saint John the Baptist of New Fribourg),
2630:
15935:
15383:
14868:
14537:
12320:
11730:
10955:"Imigração Holandesa no Brasil. Glossário. História, Sociedade e Educação no Brasil – HISTEDBR – Faculdade de Educação – UNICAMP"
9435:
8400:
3841:
being a colony of the Dutch Republic from 1630 to 1654. The Dutch were then expelled as Portugal regained control of the region.
3352:
came to Brazil, starting in the late 19th century. Most of them were attracted to work in the coffee plantations in the State of
1963:
The main immigrant group to arrive in Brazil from the end of the 19th century onwards were the Italians, and they went mainly to
15357:
11090:
9742:
8199:"Entrada de Trabalhadores Estrangeiros no Brasil: Evolução Legislativa e Políticas Subjacentes nos Séculos XIX e XX. PhD thesis"
3178:
Portuguese immigration to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries was marked by its concentration in the most urbanized states of
532:. Thus, in Brazil, racial classifications are more flexible and based primarily on a person's physical characteristics, such as
15100:
14659:
14557:
14484:
12400:"Em 2007, trabalhadores brancos ganharam quase duas vezes mais que os negros, diz IBGE – 24/09/2008 – UOL Notícias – Cotidiano"
9994:
7648:
4483:
In August 2004, the mayor of São Paulo, a metropolis home to 77,000 Jews, declared her city a sister city with Tel Aviv. Mayor
4472:, Dutch colony that would become today's New York. They founded in New Amsterdam the oldest Jewish congregation in the US, the
2846:. After 1909 Dutch settlers became accountable for the dairy farming development in the prairies region of the state, known as
2562:
1838:, today's New York city, while a few of the Dutch colonists settled in the highlands in the countryside of Pernambuco known as
13032:
12377:
11253:
9161:
5620:
The Brazilian towns with the lowest percentages of whites are located in Northern and Northeastern Brazil and are also small.
15275:
14894:
14547:
14494:
13729:
12922:
12160:
11828:
11504:
10531:
Göz Kaufmann (2004). "Eine Gruppe – Zwei Geschichten – Drei Sprachen. Rußlanddeutsche Mennoniten in Brasilien und Paraguay".
9918:
9273:
8899:
8590:
8038:
7765:
6804:
2858:
dubbed Little Holland. The Castro region also received many Lithuanians. The capital, Curitiba, is home to a large figure of
2050:
and 16.42% of other unspecified nationalities. These immigrants settled mostly in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil.
13639:
12646:
11614:
10562:
9402:
8149:
7671:"EXPECTATIVA DE VIDA E MORTALIDADE DE ESCRAVOS: Uma análise da Freguesia do Divino Espírito Santo do Lamim – MG (1859-1888)"
7364:
Sexo, raça e estado civil, nacionalidade, filiação culto e analphabetismo da população recenseada em 31 de dezembro de 1890.
4672:
is the most successful Brazilian tennis player at the Grand Slam tournaments. She won seven single titles (four wins at the
14542:
13256:
12182:
11051:
7512:
3944:
1246:
In the 1872 census, people were counted based on self-declaration, except for slaves, who were classified by their owners.
446:, where historically only people of entirely or (almost entirely) European ancestry have been considered white, due to the
14711:
13707:
11652:
11389:
Mapa de Luiz Jardim em Ingleses no Brasil: aspectos da influência britânica sobre a vida, a paisagem e a cultura do Brasil
7201:
2917:) was also the main destination for Danes and the state that was sparsely populated and had its shore mainly inhabited by
15864:
15585:
15142:
14552:
13808:
12787:
12372:[Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century].
11231:
11120:
11005:
DI LORENZO, Ana Lúcia. "Os italianos em Taubaté: o núcleo colonial do Quiririm – 1890/1920", Tese, São Paulo, 2002. p. 34
10899:"Restauração da igreja ortodoxa de estilo ucraniano de Mallet – Marco da valorização da presença eslava no Sul do Brasil"
10491:
9794:
8769:
8412:
8273:
5830:
European ancestry, while persons identified as white in Porto Alegre have an overwhelming majority of European ancestry.
4030:
The first Lithuanians to set foot on Brazil in the 19th century had as their destination the newly established colony of
3127:
was so longed that by 1895 the government of São Paulo spent about 15% of its annual budget on subsidies for immigrants.
248:
12497:
11335:
10358:
9907:"Brazilian "Jim Crow": The Immigration Law Whitening Project and the Customary Law of Racial Segregation – A Case Study"
9230:
8205:
5537:
In a list of the 144 Brazilian towns with the highest percentages of whites, all the cities were located in two states:
15333:
14654:
12877:
11387:
8223:
Imigração, urbanização e industrialização: Estudo sobre alguns aspectos da contribuição cultural do imigrante no Brasil
7670:
7444:
4907:
4214:
1960s and 1970s also saw new waves of English, Scottish and Welsh nationals, especially youths, immigrating to Brazil.
2713:) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and from the 1910s on most of the Lithuanians, Dutch, French, Hungarians,
14642:
12071:
11313:
11287:
9985:[The social and economic integration of Portuguese immigrants in Brazil in the late 19th and 20th centuries].
9034:
8856:
5752:
is present only in males and passed down through the paternal line, i.e., the father of a father of a father etc. The
3448:
Brazil is home to the second largest population of German descent outside Germany, only behind the United States, and
14680:
12852:
11789:
11608:
10928:
9396:
8367:
8013:
7099:
3870:
known as little Holland, in the plains of Paraná, headquarters of several food companies and a dairy farming region.
3761:
descent due to a small immigration of Luxembourgers to Brazil, mostly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
2994:
15328:
13984:
12437:
11032:
Ils ont été 100 000 à émigrer dans ce pays entre 1850 et 1965 et auraient entre 500 000 et 1 million de descendants.
10958:
10426:
9883:
1951:
15940:
15859:
10559:"Mennoniten – junge gemeinde – Mennoniten in Lateinamerika / Paraguay / Brasilien / Bolivien / Mexiko / Südamerika"
10396:
9691:"Inaugurado o restauro da igreja ortodoxa de São Miguel Arcanjo em Mallet – Marco da imigração ucraniana no Brasil"
9593:
9267:"Raport o sytuacji Polonii i Polaków za granicą (The official report on the situation of Poles and Polonia abroad)"
8792:"Política lingüística, mitos e concepções lingüísticas em áreas bilíngües de imigrantes (alemães) no Sul do Brasil"
8106:
7422:
6783:
5624:
5277:
4495:
and other Israeli/Jewish papers and surveys placed Brazil among the least anti-Semitic nations in the Americas and
4429:
2842:
and Ukrainians that grew up to be a town, still maintain both their languages and traditions in a Polish-Ukrainian
1485:
1471:
17:
11415:
6094:". According to it the total European, African and Native American contributions to the Brazilian population are:
5814:
have showed significant differences between whites of different localities of state. In a sample from the town of
4618:
is one of the most successful sailors at Olympic Games and one of the most successful Brazilian Olympic athletes.
15473:
14358:
12459:
8609:
7929:"The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected"
5595:
3219:
which was higher than any other European immigrant community, and behind only the Japanese among all immigrants.
2547:
2532:
15303:
11872:
6862:"Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance"
5607:
4522:
Whites constitute the majority of Brazil's population regarding the total numbers within a single racial group.
3905:– 1960). Many Belgians also preferred to establish their lives in urban centers such as Rio de Janeiro capital.
1499:
15706:
15675:
15423:
15404:
15352:
15055:
14787:
14627:
14336:
12346:
11710:
11144:"Russian immigration to Brazil in the first half of the 20th century: migration routes and adaptation patterns"
10763:
7276:"Tabela 7 - População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo as Grandes Regiões e as Unidades da Federação - 2000"
6716:
6326:
According to it the total European, African and Native American contributions to the Brazilian population are:
5780:
3392:
1906:
513:
settlers often had relationships with Amerindian or African women, which led to an extremely mixed population.
13485:"Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs"
12721:
10065:"A integração social e económica dos imigrantes portugueses no Brasil nos finais do século xix e no século xx"
9350:"A Presença Britânica e a Língua Inglesa na Corte de D. João. Escrito por Joselita Júnia Viegas Vidotti (USP)"
6964:"IBGE - Brasil: 500 anos de povoamento - estatísticas do povoamento - imigração por nacionalidade (1884/1933)"
3359:
São Paulo attracted between 66% and 75% of the Spaniards who migrated to Brazil. In this state, 55% were from
1385:
15849:
15456:
15346:
14764:
14353:
12343:"CIA data from The World Factbook's Field Listing :: Ethnic groups and Field Listing :: Population"
8542:
4428:
included. Brazil figures on the diasporas list together with Argentina, and São Paulo has one of the largest
4379:
3343:
2814:, followed by Poles. Their arriving numbers supplanted the previous Iberian population, founding cities like
15313:
13174:
12791:
12289:
3584:
in Santa Catarina is Brazil's largest and the world's second largest (after Germany's main beer festival in
3465:
564:
proportions of whites tend to have been destinations of massive European immigration between 1880 and 1930.
15635:
15370:
14685:
14193:
14164:
12241:
10064:
7734:[The role of international migration on the evolution of the Brazilian population (1872 to 1972)].
7600:
7261:
Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development. With a case study in Brazil's Amazon using Q Methodology
5033:
4677:
4473:
3596:
2819:
2757:; Rio de Janeiro (state) received most of the Portuguese immigrants followed by SP, as well as most of the
608:
389:
14156:
11974:
10100:
9983:"A integração social e econômica dos imigrantes portugueses no Brasil no fim do século XIX e no século XX"
9264:
7202:"Brazil census shows African-Brazilians and Mestizos in the majority for the first time | World news"
4963:, received an important influx of European immigrants in the period of the Great Immigration (1876–1914).
4658:
3948:
15897:
15377:
9622:
6598:
6386:
6276:
6154:
3492:
3370:
In the other Brazilian states, Spanish immigrants from Galicia predominated and those were predominantly
3032:
2990:
2746:
1803:
1722:
1329:
14412:
12620:
10981:"Holandeses no Brasil - Radio Nederland, a emissora internacional e independente da Holanda - Português"
10484:"Os imigrantes alemães e seus descendentes no Brasil : a língua como fator identitário e inclusivo"
9572:
Altenhofen, Cléo Vilson: Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1996, p. 24.
9135:
8543:"Da escravidão à imigração: a transição do trabalho escravo para o trabalho livre assalariado no Brasil"
5845:
also were found to be pred. European in ancestry, with minor Native American and African contributions.
4254:
3873:
Most Belgian settlements took place in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. Among the Flemish colonies are
3249:
arrived in Brazil, starting in 1875. First they settled as small landowners in rural communities across
2137:, which restricted the emigration of Italian citizens to Brazil, prohibiting travel subsidies. In 1910,
1956:
1403:, as it was a tradition among aristocratic or richer white families to send their daughters to Catholic
1278:
In the 1950 census, the category "pardo" was included on its own. Amerindians were counted as "pardos".
536:, hair type and other physical traits, tending to identify as "white" a person with lighter skin color.
15440:
15298:
15288:
15093:
12550:
12263:
11675:
8235:
5826:
5786:
According to another genetic research (based upon about 200 samples again) over 75% of caucasians from
5668:
5658:
5630:
5467:
5080:
4453:
3157:
259:
14945:
13483:
Lins, Tulio C.; Vieira, Rodrigo G.; Abreu, Breno S.; Grattapaglia, Dario; Pereira, Rinaldo W. (2009).
13095:"Síntese de Indicadores Sociais | Uma Análise das Condições de Vida da População Brasileira 2010"
11572:
11198:
10732:
4181:
2941:
to settle in the northeast of Santa Catarina, besides receiving additional waves of Italians from the
442:
The conception of "white" in Brazil is similar to other Latin American countries yet different to the
15680:
15629:
15601:
13371:
12212:
10799:"Perfil de descendentes de poloneses residentes no sul do Brasil: a constituição da(s) identidade(s)"
10585:
9658:"Restauração da igreja ortodoxa de Mallet – Marco da valorização da presença eslava no Sul do Brasil"
8438:
5821:
Another study (based on blood polymorphisms, from 1981) carried out in one thousand individuals from
5664:
5514:
5178:
5009:
3613:
12370:"Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI"
11638:
Eugene C. Harter. "The Lost Colony of the Confederacy". Texas A&M University Press, 1985, p. 74.
10671:
10645:
10623:
10273:
8969:
6997:
4448:
populations due to colonial history. Brazil has the oldest synagogue in the Americas founded during
4191:
is celebrated for making football popular in Brazil and deemed as the father of Brazilian football.
3952:
2116:
was effectively suppressed in 1850 and coffee plantations were spreading in the region of São Paulo.
345:
and other countries and nowadays millions of Brazilians are also descended from these immigrants.
307:) refers to Brazilian citizens who are considered or self-identify as "white", typically because of
15160:
15007:
14664:
14532:
12399:
12130:
11015:
10185:
9388:
Ingleses no Brasil: aspectos da influência britânica sobre a vida, a paisagem e a cultura do Brasil
9033:. Twelfth International Economic History Conference, Madrid, Spain, 28 August 1998 (Session C-31).
8478:
6614:
6582:
6402:
6370:
6292:
6260:
6170:
6138:
5037:
3851:
3752:
3655:
3512:
3262:
2839:
2122:
96:
11929:
9772:
8515:
8346:
Angelo Trento. Do outro lado do Atlântico: um século de imigração italiana no Brasil. Studio Nobel
6825:
3483:, Santa Catarina as well as in the states of Espírito Santo and Rio Grande do Sul where it enjoys
15902:
15711:
15509:
14909:
14737:
14695:
14456:
13462:
10454:"O PANORAMA LINGÜÍSTICO BRASILEIRO : A COEXISTÊNCIA DE LÍNGUAS MINORITÁRIAS COM O PORTUGUÊS"
9329:
9059:
8359:
Saudades d'Além-Mar: A revista 'Lusitania' e a imigração portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro (1929-1934)
7824:
5703:
4642:
4565:, one of the world's wealthiest companies, and most powerful social media platforms, was born in
4531:
4316:
4269:
4130:
3581:
3472:
2950:
2934:
2906:
2491:
quickly supplanted the languages of the immigrants, facilitating their process of acculturation.
1372:
406:
308:
255:
14395:
11441:
11143:
10512:
Altenhofen, Cléo Vilson: Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1996
9950:[Rio de Janeiro of the First Republic and Portuguese immigration: historical overview].
9857:
9716:
4246:
4237:
2807:
15595:
15503:
15364:
15264:
15205:
15035:
14759:
11778:
Klein, Marian van der; Plant, Rebecca Jo; Sanders, Nichole; Weintrob, Lori R. (30 April 2012).
8545:[From slavery to immigration: the transition from slave to free wage labor in Brazil].
7091:
7083:
6706:
5542:
5311:
5199:
5130:
5118:
4997:
4973:
4948:
4614:
drivers of the modern era and is considered by many as the greatest racing driver of all time.
4586:
4492:
4201:
4188:
4122:
3933:
3878:
3712:
3577:
3558:
3550:
3488:
3421:
3183:
2922:
2463:
1850:
1812:
1636:
553:
369:
357:
244:
195:
190:
161:
156:
14899:
13484:
13281:
12040:"Censo Demográfi co 2010 Características da população e dos domicílios Resultados do universo"
11779:
10453:
8069:
2145:
Immigration to Brazil, by nationality, decenal periods from 1884–1893, 1924-1933 and 1945-1949
1288:
The 1960 census adopted a similar system, again explicitly including Amerindians as "pardos".
352:
According to the 2022 Census, the states with the highest percentage of white Brazilians are:
15819:
15414:
15170:
15086:
15050:
15045:
14950:
14904:
14747:
14567:
10237:"São Paulo capital, uma cidade italiana e os misteres profissionais dos imigrantes italianos"
10041:
9906:
8889:
8003:
6726:
6721:
4002:
3523:
3254:
3136:
2067:
1902:
1822:
Before the 19th century, the French invaded twice, establishing brief and minor settlements (
1575:
319:
71:
11958:
descendentes e os asiáticos – japoneses, chineses, coreanos, libaneses, sírios, entre outros
11365:
9491:"Os imigrantes teutônicos no Brasil- alemães, austríacos, luxemburgueses, pomeranos e volga"
4335:
4149:
4058:
4007:
3967:
3257:, in conditions that made it possible to buy them. Later, their destination were mostly the
2617:
1911:
1799:
431:
420:
15670:
15492:
15483:
15467:
15195:
14925:
14878:
14842:
14562:
14517:
14446:
14441:
14433:
14198:
13412:
11752:
7940:
7839:
7127:
6873:
6630:
6566:
6418:
6354:
6308:
6244:
6186:
6122:
5029:
4582:
4365:
region, Christians in the great majority. Lebanese and Syrians make up some of the largest
4320:
4303:
4082:
3770:
3636:
3250:
3168:
Between 1500 and 1808, it is estimated that 500,000 Portuguese went to live in Brazil; the
2938:
2803:
2553:
2503:
2113:
2031:
380:(42.06%). São Paulo has the largest population in absolute numbers with 25 million whites.
92:
13604:"Color, Race, and Genomic Ancestry in Brazil: Dialogues between Anthropology and Genetics"
13143:
12102:
10016:
9277:
8857:""Die kann nun nich', die is' beim treppenputzen!" O PROGRESSIVO NO ALEMÃO DE POMERODE–SC"
7300:"Tabela 1.3.1 - População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo o sexo e os grupos de idade"
6805:
https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/94/cd_2010_religiao_deficiencia.pdf
5238:
5100:
4985:
4960:
3985:
Brazil was among the main destinations for Russian refugees during the 20th century. Some
3902:
3894:
3886:
3595:
In Rio Grande do Sul, the House of Representatives recognized Hunsrückisch as an official
3542:
3353:
3266:
3179:
3161:
2022:
arrived to settle in an inhospitable area near Rio de Janeiro that would later be renamed
1964:
1554:
365:
110:
105:
8:
15837:
15832:
15824:
15665:
15590:
15397:
15226:
15131:
14986:
14955:
14930:
14827:
14769:
14742:
14727:
14637:
14522:
14419:
14390:
14087:
Krieger, H; Morton, N E; Mi, M P; Azevedo, E; Freire-Maia, A; Yasuda, N (1965). "Study".
11471:
11257:
7639:[The participation of immigration in the formation of the Brazilian population].
6488:
5795:
5791:
5654:
5454:
4943:
The Brazilian states with the highest percentages of whites are the three located in the
4578:
4223:
4170:
3720:
3387:
3076:
2970:
2894:
2882:
2738:
2730:
2538:
2488:
1890:
1738:
1706:
1647:
540:
303:
295:
240:
212:
13416:
13283:
ancestry of individuals classified as White in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil".
11781:
Maternalism Reconsidered: Motherhood, Welfare and Social Policy in the Twentieth Century
7944:
7843:
7174:
7131:
6922:
Pena, S.D.J.; Bastos-Rodrigues, L.; Pimenta, J.R.; Bydlowski, S.P. (11 September 2009).
6877:
4637:
the most successful Brazilian swimmer in history, having obtained three Olympic medals.
3277:
15809:
15804:
15580:
15258:
15200:
15180:
15062:
14982:
14976:
14960:
14940:
14873:
14622:
14527:
14424:
14112:
14100:
13962:
13913:
13869:
13781:
13756:
13631:
13514:
13399:
Parra, FC; Amado, RC; Lambertucci, JR; Rocha, J; Antunes, CM; Pena, SD (January 2003).
13308:
13238:
13225:
13198:
13130:
12749:
10540:
8798:
8321:
8296:
7963:
7928:
7862:
7827:
7802:
6894:
6861:
5833:
According to an autosomal DNA genetic study from 2011, both "whites" and "pardos" from
5799:
5172:
4991:
4669:
4554:
4354:
4276:
4166:
3986:
3980:
3728:
3631:
came in significant numbers to Brazil after 1870. Most of them settled in the State of
3339:
3094:
2974:
2958:
2930:
2823:
2762:
2043:
2019:
1795:
1408:
557:
521:
399:
373:
13435:
13400:
12316:
11726:
11160:
10832:"From Nova Friburgo to Fribourg in writing: Swiss colonization seen by the immigrants"
9427:
8467:
VAINFAS, Ronaldo. Dicionário do Brasil Imperial. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2002, p 152
7150:
7115:
6651:
4573:
4053:
2765:. Together with São Paulo and Santa Catarina, RJ was one of the main destinations for
15874:
15814:
15779:
15660:
15570:
15451:
15391:
15210:
14997:
14847:
14837:
14752:
14649:
14451:
14104:
13954:
13905:
13861:
13786:
13682:
13623:
13577:
13518:
13506:
13440:
13343:
13300:
13230:
12873:
12848:
12555:
11785:
11706:
11604:
11500:
11070:
10733:"Uma história oculta: a imigração dos países da Europa do Centro-Leste para o Brasil"
9948:"O Rio de Janeiro da Primeira República e a imigração portuguesa: panorama histórico"
9914:
9392:
9353:
9296:
9031:"Research Professor, A.C. Van Raalte Institute, Hope College, Holland, Michigan, USA"
8895:
8586:
8363:
8326:
8009:
7968:
7867:
7794:
7732:"O papel da migração internacional na evolução da população brasileira (1872 a 1972)"
7155:
7095:
6945:
6899:
6711:
5811:
5776:
5763:
According to a genetic study about Brazilians (based upon about 200 samples), on the
5753:
5745:
5538:
5212:
5112:
4967:
4952:
4619:
4404:
4384:
4294:
on 27 December 1865. The settlement at Santa Bárbara D'Oeste is sometimes called the
4283:
4162:
4118:
3990:
3956:
3940:
3914:
3816:
3546:
3508:
3383:
3232:
3145:
2654:
2597:
2519:
2442:
2039:
2035:
1875:
1839:
1377:
1357:
548:
353:
127:
122:
14062:
14045:
13966:
13917:
13873:
13242:
10848:
10831:
8724:
8707:
8691:
8674:
7806:
7748:
7731:
7636:
6940:
6923:
5285:
5225:
5160:
5124:
5015:
4979:
4956:
4589:
is a well-known fashion designer in the Paris, London, New York and Tokyo circuits.
3830:
3800:
3775:
3647:
3632:
3621:
3570:
3554:
2851:
2835:
2798:
Sul were Venetian Italians where their dialect is still spoken and Germans from the
2496:
2030:
years (1872-1972) at least 5,350,889 immigrants came to Brazil, of whom 31.06% were
377:
361:
178:
173:
15753:
15461:
15446:
15293:
15269:
15252:
15247:
15067:
15002:
14992:
14935:
14852:
14832:
14596:
14581:
14251:
14216:
14116:
14096:
14067:
14057:
13944:
13897:
13851:
13843:
13776:
13768:
13674:
13635:
13615:
13496:
13430:
13420:
13335:
13312:
13292:
13220:
13210:
13138:
12369:
11155:
10843:
10810:
9265:
Wojciech Tyciński, Krzysztof Sawicki, Departament Współpracy z Polonią MSZ (2009).
9169:
8719:
8686:
8316:
8308:
7958:
7948:
7857:
7847:
7784:
7776:
7743:
7587:
RIBEIRO, Darcy. O Povo Brasileiro, Companhia de Bolso, fourth reprint, 2008 (2008).
7145:
7135:
6935:
6889:
6881:
6858:
6731:
6701:
6504:
5546:
5499:
4919:
4673:
4547:
4508:
4366:
4358:
4174:
3608:
3500:
3461:
3319:
3295:
3112:
3058:
3006:
2978:
2867:
2758:
2734:
2726:
2698:
2063:
2047:
601:
584:
13832:
13733:
12918:
12893:
12642:
11818:
11178:
and the third one is the resettlement of the Russians from China during the 1950s.
10297:]. Proceedings of the 2. Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas (in Portuguese).
10261:
9128:"Embaixada da Hungria no Brasil sobre as estatísticas de descendentes de húngaros"
8030:
6751:
5525:
4232:
3452:
is the second most spoken language in the country, after Portuguese. According to
3283:
Italians made up the main group of immigrants to Brazil in the late 19th century.
3068:
2969:
faced an immense crisis in the agricultural sector caused by the conflicts of the
2645:
1971:, however, at the end of the century, the southern presence grew, especially from
1967:. In the early days, immigrants from northern Italy predominated, especially from
15884:
15690:
15655:
15575:
15429:
15339:
15318:
15185:
15175:
15040:
14732:
14305:
14290:
13678:
13603:
13215:
12767:
is the first non-American to finish on top since the Swede Stefan Edberg in 1991.
11859:
11598:
11494:
11116:
11094:
10735:[A hidden story: immigration from Central European countries to Brazil].
10558:
9386:
8522:
8141:
7953:
7852:
6811:
6520:
6472:
5803:
5787:
5550:
4944:
4915:
4685:
4626:
4603:
4558:
4468:. After the Dutch defeat, part of those Jews moved to North America, settling in
4417:
4348:
4308:
4134:
4104:
3837:
Dutch people first settled in Brazil during the 17th century, with the region of
3812:
3736:
3698:
3670:
3659:
3457:
3449:
3413:
3364:
3303:
3124:
2982:
2926:
2718:
2569:
2467:
2134:
2000:
1992:
1754:
1690:
1632:
1344:
589:
226:
13703:
O impacto das migrações na constituição genética de populações latino-americanas
13545:"Negros e pardos do Rio têm mais genes europeus do que imaginam, segundo estudo"
13260:
12583:"Have You Heard of Brazilian Country Music Phenomenon Michel Telo Yet? You Will"
12131:"Judeus em SC. Guia Bibliográfico Estudos sobre grupos étnicos no Sul do Brasil"
11648:
10319:
OLIVEIRA, Denisson de. Os soldados Alemães de Vargas, JURUA EDITORA, 2008 (2008)
10123:"Só o Brasil concedeu mais de 52 mil vistos de residência nos primeiros 6 meses"
9982:
9162:"The Situation of Hungarians Living outside the Carpathian Basin, by Cheflaszlo"
8172:"Nordestinos anusim de ascendência judaica podem tornar-se cidadãos israelenses"
7500:
4914:(whites) are found throughout Brazil, but their highest concentration is in the
4680:) and twelve doubles titles (five at Wimbledon, four at the US Open, two in the
3527:
3086:
2914:
2827:
2125:, allocated about 9% of its revenue to cover spending on promoting immigration.
2004:
2003:. They founded rural communities, which later became prosperous cities, such as
1923:
567:
The following are the results for the different Brazilian censuses, since 1872:
15869:
15721:
15685:
15640:
15562:
15541:
15323:
15308:
15242:
15155:
14237:
13701:
10815:
10798:
9798:
7695:
Viagem à província de São Paulo, fls. 69, Livraria Itatiaia Editora Ltda, 1976)
6885:
5583:
5264:
5049:
4650:
4615:
4496:
4441:
4425:
4421:
4291:
4126:
3686:
3682:
3650:, where the vast majority of the population descends from Western and Northern
3531:
3327:
3299:
3152:
2722:
2694:
1823:
1655:
1566:
1433:
1381:
455:
13195:
11310:"Hotel Cachoeira – Penedo, Lua de Mel, Pousada – Colônia Finlandesa do Penedo"
11223:
10483:
8265:
5815:
5567:
The Brazilian towns with the largest percentages of whites are the following:
5028:
The Brazilian states with the lowest percentages of whites are located in the
4634:
4115:
Könyves Free University is another organization to form the additional group.
2843:
15929:
15792:
15763:
15758:
15748:
13933:"Genomic ancestry of a sample population from the state of São Paulo, Brazil"
12489:
11573:"Britânicos radicados no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil durante os anos 1960 e 1970"
11339:
9820:
9769:"Base de dados de emigrantes açorianos para o Brasil nos séculos XVIII e XIX"
9357:
9238:
8266:"História genética dos gaúchos : dinâmica populacional do sul do Brasil"
8198:
8174:. Matéria jornalística em Diário do Nordeste, Fortaleza CE. 13 October 2005.
6693:
6679:
5577:
4662:
4638:
4592:
4484:
4469:
3758:
3708:
3628:
3516:
3104:
2878:
2859:
2815:
2650:
2523:
2479:
2023:
1928:
1879:
1835:
1582:
Color / race in Brazil, after Portuguese colonization (Amerindians excluded)
1412:
1411:
prohibited women from leaving Brazil, with some exceptions. In order to curb
451:
447:
443:
232:
46:
13886:
13425:
13339:
12894:"Tabela 9605: População residente, por cor ou raça, nos Censos Demográficos"
7140:
6752:"Tabela 9605: População residente, por cor ou raça, nos Censos Demográficos"
3799:
came to Brazil between 1895 and 1897, settling mostly in the countryside of
2133:. The conditions were so harsh that, in 1902, the Italian government issued
15854:
15768:
15645:
15625:
15555:
15109:
14401:
13958:
13909:
13865:
13790:
13754:
13686:
13627:
13510:
13444:
13304:
13234:
12159:. praiadexangrila.com.br and izidoroazevedo.blogspot.com.br. Archived from
11279:
9030:
8330:
7972:
7871:
7798:
7206:
7159:
6949:
6903:
5852:
5822:
5768:
5757:
5749:
5350:
5298:
5106:
5003:
4607:
4449:
4299:
4227:
4108:
4070:
3859:
3724:
3678:
3562:
3504:
3270:
3187:
3172:
estimated the number of Portuguese settlers at 700,000, from 1500 to 1760.
2937:
founded by Austrian Baron von Schneeburg bringing German families from the
2714:
1886:
1831:
1816:
1791:
1365:
1348:
1304:
525:
410:
144:
139:
14108:
13347:
12317:"MEMÓRIAS, CONTRIBUIÇÕES E PERMANÊNCIAS DA COLÔNIA GREGA EM FLORIANÓPOLIS"
12104:
Produção de sentidos e a construção da identidade judaica em Florianópolis
11930:"Caracteristicas Etnico-raciais da Populacao Classificacoes e identidades"
7828:"Revisiting the Genetic Ancestry of Brazilians Using Autosomal AIM-Indels"
7316:
6826:"Caracteristicas Etnico-raciais da Populacao Classificacoes e identidades"
6003:
Genomic ancestry of non-related individuals in Rio de Janeiro Sérgio Pena
4553:
The most successful Brazilian entrepreneurs have historically been white.
4527:
4409:
4340:
4262:
4205:
4197:
4154:
4063:
4012:
3972:
2873:
2601:
1932:
1916:
1808:
436:
284:
15879:
15741:
15650:
15150:
13856:
13663:
12429:
10418:
8824:"OS CENSOS LINGÜÍSTICOS E as Políticas Lingüísticas no Brasil Meridional"
8204:. Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. pp. 31–32.
7789:
5389:
5166:
4681:
4649:
is the most successful volleyball team in the world and is mostly white (
4611:
4273:
4210:
4019:
3882:
3863:
3732:
3438:
3141:
2946:
2863:
2074:
15282:
14258:
14043:
10544:
6780:"Tabela 6408 - População residente, por sexo e cor ou raça (Vide Notas)"
6779:
5675:
5636:
5601:
5402:
5045:
3867:
3654:
settlers who arrived in Brazil in the 1890s (mostly Poles who came from
2855:
2799:
2109:
to populate inhospitable areas of Brazil, mostly the Southern provinces;
1827:
15842:
15726:
15607:
15535:
14311:
14187:
14072:
13949:
13932:
13901:
13847:
13501:
13296:
11649:"Visits to the U.S. by Foreign Heads of State and Government—1874–1939"
10388:
10266:
8481:[Immigration and rights in the northwest region of São Paulo].
7780:
7234:"Número de brasileiros que se declaram pretos cresce no país, diz IBGE"
5648:
5337:
5136:
4092:
3838:
3796:
3780:
3723:, then resident in Rio de Janeiro, authorized the entry into Brazil of
3566:
3535:
3520:
3476:
3453:
3291:
3237:
2770:
2742:
2702:
2089:
2054:
2053:
Brazilian scientific thought at the time, which was strongly marked by
1340:
1335:
1321:
533:
454:
in general, this conception does not exist. A 2000 survey conducted in
236:
14203:
8642:"Memória da campanha de nacionalização nas regiões de imigração alemã"
8031:"Histórias e lendas de santos: os imigrantes: A colônia judaica (1)",
5589:
5363:
3890:
15799:
15716:
15530:
15190:
14407:
10043:
Do outro lado do Atlântico: um século de imigração italiana no Brasil
5935:
5834:
5036:
influence in the population's racial composition, and in part of the
4566:
4389:
4258:
4192:
4100:
3846:
3821:
3360:
3349:
3196:
2779:
2754:
2750:
2721:
in Poland, Romania, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Lithuania, Russia and
2706:
2078:
2008:
1988:
1651:
1642:
14277:
11496:
Futebol Brasil memória: de Oscar Cox a Leônidas da Silva (1897–1937)
11218:
11216:
6921:
5842:
4931:
4622:, the world's best football player of the late 1970s and early 80s.
3874:
2454:
1867:
1856:
15498:
14231:
13772:
13619:
8399:
Marília Dalva Klaumann Cánovas. Imigrantes espanhóis na Pauliceia.
8312:
8295:
Carvalho-Silva, DR; Santos, FR; Rocha, J; Pena, SD (January 2001).
7925:
5772:
5764:
5571:
4562:
4445:
4393:
4324:
4250:
4074:
4054:
Nationalities of Uralic languages (Finns, Hungarians and Estonians)
4024:
3921:
3898:
3855:
3788:
3666:
3640:
3480:
3417:
3397:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3246:
3216:
3199:
of the city. Others survived as small street traders, selling from
3050:
3040:
2910:
2710:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2666:
2459:
2447:
2012:
1976:
1972:
1944:
1400:
1236:
The 1900, 1920, and 1970 censuses did not count people for "race".
594:
463:
Self-reported ancestry of whites from Rio de Janeiro (2000 survey)
414:
326:
263:
11852:
Municípios paranaenses : origens e significados de seus nomes
10797:
Delong, Silvia Regina; Kersch, Dorotea Frank (17 September 2014).
9381:
9379:
8887:
8136:
8134:
8132:
5838:
5428:
5376:
5251:
5154:
5142:
5056:
5021:
4606:, some of the most successful Brazilian athletes have been white.
1351:
state. The town has preserved its colonial appearance to this day.
15736:
14317:
14267:
14224:
11213:
11109:
7637:"A participação da imigração na formação da população brasileira"
7088:
Race in Another America: the significance of skin color in Brazil
5642:
5627:(Sergipe): 0.71% White (23,817 inhabitants, 98.16% "Multiracial")
5613:
5557:
5510:
5503:
5415:
5324:
5062:
4543:
4438:
4287:
4236:
U.S. Confederate immigrants Joseph Whitaker and Isabel Norris in
3674:
3429:
3323:
3148:
kids waiting for a ship to leave for Brazil (early 20th century).
2918:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2682:
2674:
2082:
2058:
1844:
1521:
1404:
1393:
517:
338:
275:
267:
14209:
12234:
11862:. Curitiba : Secretaria de Estado da Cultura, 2006; p. 229.
11634:
11632:
9054:
9052:
7892:. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 2010.
5678:): 3.30% (5,547 inhabitants, 69.08% "Multiracial", 24.97% Black)
5671:): 3.15% (16,622 inhabitants, 59.62% "brown", 34.75% Amerindian)
5441:
5074:
4585:
and 'PINK' model. Earning an estimated $ 6.6 million per annum.
4031:
3703:
3253:. In the late 19th century, the Brazilian State offered land to
2929:, wife and comrade-in-arms of Italian Unification revolutionary
1885:
Another genetic study found possible relics of the 17th-century
15731:
15078:
14168:
12617:"Alonso, Massa, Schumacher say Senna is "greatest" on Top Gear"
12590:
11970:
10873:"Regiões de origem dos imigrantes falantes de dialetos alemães"
9617:
9615:
9613:
9611:
9376:
8129:
6212:), the African contribution at 41% and the Native American 7%.
4936:
4539:
4461:
4457:
4434:
4397:
4362:
3784:
3617:
3585:
3287:
3258:
3002:
2998:
2986:
2962:
2766:
2690:
2662:
2147:
Source: Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
2094:
1968:
1871:
1561:
1389:
571:
Brazilian Population, by Race, from 1872 to 2022 (Census Data)
425:
342:
312:
12452:
10929:"Como Portugal comprou o Nordeste dos holandeses por R$ 3 bi"
10755:
4290:
who left the U.S. with 30 Confederate families and arrived in
4261:, Eldorado (former Xiririca) as well as moving to the capital
3404:
15548:
14244:
12616:
12290:"A Imigração Grega no Brasil pode ser dividida em três fases"
12072:"Tabela 2094: População residente por cor ou raça e religião"
11629:
11547:"ROSSI, Jones (2014) Guia Politicamente Incorreto do Futebol"
11521:"ROSSI, Jones (2014) Guia Politicamente Incorreto do Futebol"
10862:"De L'Etat à la nation 1839–1989" Imprimeries St. Paul p. 145
10762:
da Costa, Luciane Trennephol; Gielinski, Márcia Inês (2014).
10615:
10333:"Germans and Italians in the highlands of Brazil's far south"
9049:
8294:
5545:. All these towns are settled predominantly by Brazilians of
5480:
5148:
5068:
5041:
4535:
4138:
4096:
3651:
3442:
3200:
3191:
2966:
2774:
2138:
1785:
1325:
1309:
529:
334:
330:
271:
12133:. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. 24 April 2014.
9913:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–51.
9608:
9093:
9091:
9089:
9087:
9085:
8064:
8062:
8060:
8058:
8056:
7890:
Tabela 2094 - População residente por cor ou raça e religião
6847:
descendentes e os asiáticos libaneses, sírios, entre outros
5645:(Amazonas): 2.35% (17,258 inhabitants, 80.46% "Multiracial")
2893:
Santa Catarina where over 50% of the population has German,
2093:
European immigrants (mostly kids and barefoot) working in a
1544:
394:
383:
13482:
11937:
11575:. Michael A. Jacobs, Como Não Aprender Inglês, página 250.
9315:
8955:
8610:"O Talian entre o italiano-padrão e o português brasileiro"
8583:
Fazer a América: a imigração em massa para a América Latina
8101:
8099:
8097:
8095:
6833:
5651:(Amazonas): 2.97% (9,996 inhabitants, 81.68% "Multiracial")
4654:
4550:
and none declared as blacks or yellow (ethnic East Asian).
4204:, who had started the process of disseminating football in
4077:, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, had Finnish colonization.
3371:
3208:
3204:
3013:
Some southern Brazilian towns with a notable main ancestry
2913:
and Southern Austro-Bavarian by the Tyrolean population in
2838:, a 19th-century settlement founded by Poles from Austrian
2066:
ideology that permeated the Brazilian social and political
1361:
1356:
beginning of the 18th centuries, due to the retreat of the
13930:
13398:
13358:
13356:
9548:"Regiões de origem e de destino dos imigrantes teutônicos"
9458:"Regiões de origem e de destino dos imigrantes teutônicos"
9225:
9223:
9221:
9219:
9217:
9215:
9213:
8710:[Assimilation of immigrants as a national issue].
7567:
Escravos e Libertos no Brasil Colonial. A.J.R RUSSEL-WOOD.
7199:
2822:. German immigrants first arrived in 1824 settling in the
2616:
European immigrants working in a coffee plantation in the
13325:
13189:
11777:
11470:(in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. Archived from
11083:
9082:
8053:
8008:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–20.
6092:
likely to be leaning slightly towards the ‘'pardo'’ group
4200:, with his select team, to play against the squad led by
1450:
Portrait of Francisca "Chiquinha" in Rio de Janeiro, 1891
1308:
The First Mass in Brazil, held by Portuguese settlers in
13572:
13570:
9795:"Nova Veneza - A cidade de Nova Veneza - Santa Catarina"
8092:
5633:(Piauí): 2.25% (3,523 inhabitants, 96.90% "Multiracial")
3576:
The most influenced state by the German immigration was
1343:, one of the main Portuguese settlements founded during
368:(57.8%). Other states with significant percentages are:
13807:(in Portuguese). Cienciahoje.uol.com.br. Archived from
13353:
10766:[Phonetic details of Polish spoken in Mallet].
9210:
8297:"The Phylogeography of Brazilian Y-Chromosome Lineages"
7503:[500 years of Brazilian demography: a review].
5639:(Roraima): 2.33% (6,430 inhabitants, 74.41% Amerindian)
1364:
and the discoveries of gold in the Brazilian region of
14086:
10359:"Olivet Second Most Spoken Languages Around the World"
10211:"TICON – TICOM – Breve História da Imigração Italiana"
9904:
9428:"Brazil – International Religious Freedom Report 2009"
8028:
7601:"FACT AND MYTH:DISCOVERING A RACIAL PROBLEM IN BRAZIL"
7264:. Götz Kaufmann. p. 204 – via Google Books.
3541:
The vast majority of Germans settled in the states of
2949:
founded in 1875, similarly received subjects from the
2057:, adopted "scientific theses" of social Darwinism and
13601:
13567:
13131:"COLONIZAÇÃO, IMIGRAÇÃO E A QUESTÃO RACIAL NO BRASIL"
8001:
12034:
12032:
12030:
11755:. Texas State Historical Association. 15 June 2010.
9952:
Revista do Arquivo Geral da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro
9743:"Joinville e Orleans, imigração para Santa Catarina"
9192:"Judeus no Brasil. Vida social, política e cultural"
8708:"A assimilação dos imigrantes como questão nacional"
8413:"German Immigration and Adaptation to Latin America"
7445:"Presença portuguesa: de colonizadores a imigrantes"
6928:
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
6924:"DNA tests probe the genomic ancestry of Brazilians"
6669:
4319:, first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court;
3989:
were of Russian descent, belonging to the country's
3833:. Dutch windmills are found in Paraná and São Paulo.
11998:
11996:
11994:
11992:
11873:"Arab roots grow deep in Brazil's rich melting pot"
10448:
10446:
10444:
10411:
7333:. In Cadernos de Pesquisa 63, November 1987. p. 14.
6995:
5661:): 3.01% (37,595 inhabitants, 86.46% "Multiracial")
5574:(Rio Grande do Sul): 100% White (1,615 inhabitants)
4433:and the second inrush between the 1930s and 1950s.
3996:
2649:German students and teachers in a German school in
13362:
12995:
12872:(2nd ed.). : New Chapter Press. p. 555.
12460:"Fortuna de Xuxa avaliada em 292 milhões de euros"
11183:
9854:"Guia Catarinense - Município de Treze Tílias, SC"
8479:"Imigração e direitos na região noroeste paulista"
7341:
7339:
7081:
6774:
6772:
3854:are still spoken in São Paulo (state), especially
3806:
1635:of slaves in Brazil was very low. In the words of
552:which tried to avoid miscegenation, even imposing
12691:"Medal Finder - Olympics at Sports-Reference.com"
12669:"Medal Finder - Olympics at Sports-Reference.com"
12157:"Jacques Schweidson – A saga judaica no Desterro"
12027:
11963:
11091:"Scandinavian Association Rio de Janeiro – Start"
10761:
10286:
10125:. Hey bro Graciano Coutinho OPovo. Archived from
9237:. Editora Globo S.A. 24 June 2002. Archived from
8677:[The cultural dimension of immigration].
7382:
5802:genes, and that this would also be the case with
4416:Brazil is also home to one of the top 10 largest
3646:Polish can still be heard in small towns such as
318:The main ancestry of current white Brazilians is
91:Entire country; highest percentages found in the
15927:
13659:
13657:
13537:
13478:
13476:
13474:
13472:
13171:"Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA"
13003:"Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA"
12977:"Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA"
12209:"10 Most Jewish-Friendly Countries in the World"
11989:
11705:. Texas A & M University Press. p. 44.
10764:"Detalhes fonéticos do Polonês falado em Mallet"
10441:
9821:"Pomerode apresenta nova marca - BrasilAlemanha"
9025:
9023:
9021:
8005:The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade, 1600–1815
7886:"Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - SIDRA"
7501:"500 anos de demografia brasileira: uma resenha"
4935:Brazilian states according to the percentage of
4327:, dubbed "the mother of Brazilian rock'n'roll".
4129:settlement to be established in Brazil. Finnish
3511:from the former Soviet Union (since the 1930s),
3294:, today around 4 million people still speak the
3286:The largest group of Italian settlers came from
14025:Santos, S E B; Guerreiro, J F (1995). "Study".
14024:
13828:
13826:
13405:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
10694:
10255:
10213:. Familias CECCON. 23 June 2006. Archived from
9580:
9578:
8931:"Províncias de origem dos imigrantes italianos"
8881:
8196:
7921:
7919:
7917:
7915:
7913:
7911:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7336:
7331:A classificação de "cor" nas pesquisas do IBGE.
7120:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6769:
5616:(Rio Grande do Sul): 99.62% (1,775 inhabitants)
5598:(Rio Grande do Sul): 99.69% (1,604 inhabitants)
5592:(Rio Grande do Sul): 99.77% (2,751 inhabitants)
3170:Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
252:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
13394:
13392:
11603:. Michael A. Jacobs, Como Não Ensinar Inglês.
10149:"Imigração aumenta 50 por cento em seis meses"
9693:. Representação Central Ucraniano-Brasileira.
9685:
9683:
9652:
9650:
9648:
9344:
9342:
7987:Histoire du Brésil français au seizième siècle
7347:A classificação de "cor" nas pesquisas do IBGE
4373:
4144:
4048:"Lietuviais esame gimę, lietuviais turime būt"
3479:land, and the dialect is especially spoken in
51:White Brazilians (alone/one race only) in 2022
15094:
14142:
13654:
13469:
13365:"Do pensamento racial ao pensamento racional"
12745:"Tennis; A Victorious Kuerten Clinches No. 1"
11927:
11825:The education of children in Revista Infância
11135:
9542:
9540:
9538:
9485:
9483:
9481:
9479:
9122:
9120:
9099:"Regiões de destino dos imigrantes italianos"
9018:
9000:"Principais levas de imigração para o Brasil"
8888:Samuel L. Baily; Eduardo José Míguez (2003).
7761:
7759:
7022:
6823:
4684:, including a mixed doubles, and once at the
4514:WW2, with most Greeks settling in São Paulo.
4087:Category:Brazilian people of Estonian descent
2437:
13823:
13124:
13122:
11903:"Origem e destino dos imigrantes do Levante"
10796:
10790:
10583:
10533:Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik
10530:
9575:
9301:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
9272:. Warsaw: Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych (
8395:
8393:
8391:
7908:
7813:
7725:
7723:
7721:
7595:
7593:
7193:
5610:(Santa Catarina): 99.64% (3,221 inhabitants)
5604:(Santa Catarina): 99.67% (1,740 inhabitants)
5586:(Santa Catarina): 99.81% (4,849 inhabitants)
5580:(Santa Catarina): 99.82% (3,348 inhabitants)
4217:
3396:Students and teachers at a German school in
2953:because Italian-speaking Tyroleans known as
1896:
13389:
12368:Fernández, Francisco Lizcano (1 May 2005).
11928:Petruccelli, Jose Luis; Saboia, Ana Lucia.
11460:
11141:
10381:
10351:
9787:
9771:. Observatório da Emigração. Archived from
9680:
9645:
9339:
8784:
7997:
7995:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7705:
7703:
7701:
7630:
7628:
7563:
7561:
7559:
6824:Petruccelli, Jose Luis; Saboia, Ana Lucia.
4610:was among the most dominant and successful
4311:nationals became residents in the country.
4282:The first Confederado recorded was Colonel
2881:. "The Brazilian nation to the immigrant" (
2143:
2070:during the first half of the 20th century.
15101:
15087:
14149:
14135:
13880:
13757:"The Ancestry of Brazilian mtDNA Lineages"
13401:"Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians"
12847:. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 213.
12836:
12548:
11820:A educação de crianças na Revista Infância
9987:Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População
9586:"Federação Israelita do Rio Grande do Sul"
9535:
9476:
9117:
8862:. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA.
7756:
7641:Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População
7505:Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População
7116:"Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians"
2989:to settle in Brazil, and a few towns like
2634:Italian immigrants arriving in São Paulo (
2097:plantation in Brazil (early 20th century).
1842:, a region part of the ecosystem known as
1786:Non-Portuguese presence in colonial Brazil
1671:Genetic ancestry of Brazilians, by region
1299:
524:, similar to that of the United States or
45:
14071:
14061:
13948:
13855:
13780:
13700:Godinho, Neide Maria de Oliveira (2008).
13500:
13434:
13424:
13328:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
13224:
13214:
13142:
13119:
12842:
12643:"Murray Walker lists Senna as number one"
12374:Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales
12367:
11486:
11159:
10957:. Histedbr.fae.unicamp.br. Archived from
10847:
10814:
10327:
10325:
10313:
9391:. Gilberto Freyre Editora Topbook. 2000.
8894:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. xiv.
8854:
8723:
8690:
8604:
8602:
8388:
8342:
8340:
8320:
7962:
7952:
7861:
7851:
7788:
7747:
7730:Levy, Maria Stella Ferreira (June 1974).
7590:
7149:
7139:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7061:
6939:
6893:
5709:Please consider summarizing the material.
4643:Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
4396:, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, located in
3927:
3639:and ethnic Poles immigrated with Russian
3475:can be found in Brazil than its original
2862:that outnumbered the initial and primary
2584:Passport of a Portuguese immigrant, 1927.
1545:The impact of the Portuguese colonization
560:and identity valorisation being factors.
13667:Forensic Science International: Genetics
13128:
12861:
12736:
12711:
12100:
11492:
10829:
9945:
9422:
9420:
9155:
9153:
8994:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8925:
8923:
8705:
8672:
8576:
8574:
8572:
8355:
7992:
7979:
7698:
7625:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7556:
7413:
7411:
6852:
5520:
5509:
5498:
4930:
4906:
4403:
4383:
4334:
4231:
4148:
4069:
4057:
4006:
3966:
3820:
3774:
3702:
3612:
3403:
3391:
3377:
3236:
3151:
3140:
2872:
2644:
2629:
2453:
2441:
2088:
1950:
1938:
1922:
1910:
1807:
1641:
1560:
1548:
1520:White man delivering a love letter to a
1334:
1303:
430:
419:
405:
393:
283:
14005:
13699:
13363:Sergio Danilo Pena (17 November 2009).
12867:
12743:Clarey, Christopher (4 December 2000).
12314:
11549:. livraria.folha.com.br. Archived from
10646:"Top 10 Oktoberfest's around the world"
7090:, Princeton University Press, pp.
6998:"SOBRENOMES E ANCESTRALIDADE NO BRASIL"
6917:
6915:
6913:
4408:Beth El Synagogue, located in downtown
3464:encompass assorted dialects, including
3241:Italians going to Brazil by ship (1910)
2112:to replace African manpower, since the
14:
15928:
13761:The American Journal of Human Genetics
13730:"Profile of the Brazilian blood donor"
13163:
13087:
13055:
13025:
13013:from the original on 24 September 2015
12983:from the original on 24 September 2015
12742:
12315:Guarise, Katcipia (18 December 2014).
11971:"Censo Demográfico Brasileiro de 2000"
11831:from the original on 29 September 2021
11700:
11075:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
10743:from the original on 29 September 2021
10664:
10638:
10608:
10577:
10551:
10524:
10322:
10290:Os periódicos dos imigrantes espanhóis
10077:from the original on 26 September 2009
9260:
9258:
9256:
9254:
9252:
9250:
9248:
9159:
8891:Mass Migration to Modern Latin America
8679:Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais
8599:
8580:
8557:from the original on 29 September 2021
8541:Santos, Cleyton Rodrigues dos (2003).
8540:
8337:
8211:from the original on 24 September 2015
7634:
7515:from the original on 29 September 2021
7181:from the original on 24 September 2022
7058:
6996:Leonardo Monasterio (September 2016).
6991:
6989:
4464:on the site praising it as one of the
3908:
3757:An estimated 80,000 Brazilians are of
2897:and Luxembourgish ancestry (the local
15082:
14130:
13710:from the original on 12 November 2020
13144:10.11606/issn.2316-9036.v0i53p117-149
13043:from the original on 23 February 2021
12563:from the original on 26 December 2014
12183:"Identidade Judaica em Florianópolis"
12052:from the original on 13 November 2012
11816:
11745:
10935:from the original on 16 February 2021
10730:
10626:from the original on 20 November 2015
10616:"Fundação Cultural Suábio-Brasileira"
10515:
9980:
9911:Racial subordination in Latin America
9417:
9274:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland
9150:
8979:
8920:
8848:
8797:. Ibero-americana.net. Archived from
8569:
8534:
8476:
8470:
8246:from the original on 24 February 2012
8117:from the original on 28 December 2016
8080:from the original on 5 September 2015
7896:from the original on 15 February 2016
7570:
7498:
7408:
7214:from the original on 17 November 2020
7113:
5278:Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro
4647:Brazil men's national volleyball team
4141:, are still present and can be seen.
3599:of historical value to be preserved.
3592:married between 20 and 24 years old.
3561:. Less than 5% of Germans settled in
3468:spoken by over 3 million Brazilians.
2943:Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion
516:At the end of the 19th century, when
302:
15908:
13732:. Amigodoador.com.br. Archived from
13642:from the original on 4 February 2021
13595:
13525:from the original on 20 October 2020
12649:from the original on 17 October 2015
12440:from the original on 30 January 2016
12244:from the original on 13 October 2018
11977:from the original on 22 October 2009
11673:
11234:from the original on 17 January 2021
10836:História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos
10539:(3). Franz Steiner Verlag: 257–306.
10464:from the original on 11 October 2016
9997:from the original on 6 December 2020
9962:from the original on 7 December 2020
9723:from the original on 8 November 2016
9633:from the original on 16 January 2014
9316:Marília D. Klaumann Cánovas (2004).
9070:from the original on 4 November 2013
8956:Marília D. Klaumann Cánovas (2004).
8816:
8622:from the original on 1 February 2014
8493:from the original on 26 January 2021
8276:from the original on 16 January 2014
8178:from the original on 12 October 2016
8070:"Brazil Virtual Jewish History Tour"
7729:
7635:Júnior, Judicael Clevelario (1997).
7535:"Imigração de transição (1701-1850)"
7451:from the original on 25 January 2019
7010:from the original on 26 October 2019
6910:
5825:city, Southern Brazil, and 760 from
5686:
5553:descent and are usually very small.
4629:, the only Brazilians tennis player
4302:cultural sub-group, the way how the
3460:is spoken by 1.5 million people and
1268:"moreno", "mulato", "caboclo", etc.
86:Regions with significant populations
15586:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness
13173:. Sidra.ibge.gov.br. Archived from
13100:. 15 September 2010. Archived from
12925:from the original on 10 August 2017
12788:Association of Tennis Professionals
12757:from the original on 16 August 2017
12597:from the original on 26 August 2013
12500:from the original on 9 October 2014
12296:from the original on 6 October 2016
12185:. estudosjudaicos.blogspot.com.br.
11759:from the original on 6 January 2014
11727:"Edwin S. James research materials"
11719:
11678:. São Paulo, Brasil: Sleuthsayers.
10731:Decol, René D. (24 February 2016).
10561:. Jungegemeinde.de. 18 March 2007.
10494:from the original on 16 August 2017
9281:(PDF file, direct download 1.44 MB)
9245:
8937:from the original on 31 August 2016
8516:Constitución de la Nación Argentina
8419:from the original on 12 August 2020
8221:Ávila cites Manuel Diégues Júnior,
7677:from the original on 15 August 2020
7651:from the original on 21 August 2020
7541:from the original on 24 August 2016
7477:from the original on 24 August 2016
6986:
6974:from the original on 11 August 2020
5934:Genomic ancestry of individuals in
5851:Genomic ancestry of individuals in
5682:
5532:
5495:Excludes states created after 1940.
5096:States with high absolute numbers:
4572:Whites dominate Brazilian fashion.
3715:'s mountain range during the 1820s.
3530:, Santa Catarina (since 1933), and
3005:, became part of the newly created
2502:Even with the repression of Vargas
2458:German architecture in the city of
249:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
24:
14101:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1965.tb00507.x
12824:from the original on 24 March 2016
12270:from the original on 13 March 2010
12111:from the original on 23 April 2023
12082:from the original on 23 March 2015
12015:from the original on 19 April 2016
12002:
11883:from the original on 23 April 2023
11798:from the original on 23 April 2023
11703:The Lost Colony of the Confederacy
11682:from the original on 23 April 2023
11617:from the original on 23 April 2023
11579:from the original on 21 April 2016
11448:from the original on 20 April 2016
11442:"Ingleses no Brasil do século XIX"
11422:from the original on 24 April 2016
11396:from the original on 22 April 2016
11336:"Migration from Finland 1866–1970"
11290:from the original on 6 August 2019
11224:"Lithuanian descendants in Brazil"
11117:"Câmara de Comércio Brasil-Rússia"
10879:from the original on 26 April 2016
10778:from the original on 13 April 2021
10712:from the original on 30 March 2019
10682:from the original on 30 March 2019
10596:from the original on 21 April 2015
10301:from the original on 4 August 2020
10243:from the original on 14 March 2016
10159:from the original on 23 April 2016
9880:":: Site Oficial de Dom Feliciano"
9749:from the original on 22 March 2016
9554:from the original on 26 April 2016
9464:from the original on 26 April 2016
9405:from the original on 23 April 2023
9364:from the original on 23 April 2016
9105:from the original on 14 March 2016
9037:from the original on 24 March 2016
8908:from the original on 23 April 2023
8675:"A dimensão cultural da imigração"
8673:Seyferth, Giralda (October 2011).
8449:from the original on 25 April 2015
8439:"A Colônia Suíça de Nova Friburgo"
8376:from the original on 23 April 2023
7613:from the original on 21 March 2020
7421:. 24 February 2013. Archived from
3186:. The immigrants opted mostly for
2556:immigrant in Rio de Janeiro, 1895.
1870:. A genetic research conducted by
1565:Portuguese immigrants arriving in
520:ideas arrived in Brazil, a severe
81:43.46% of the Brazilian population
25:
15952:
13937:American Journal of Human Biology
13890:American Journal of Human Biology
13836:American Journal of Human Biology
13489:American Journal of Human Biology
13285:American Journal of Human Biology
12870:The Bud Collins History of Tennis
12780:"2000 ATP Tour Year End Rankings"
12530:from the original on 18 July 2014
12410:from the original on 4 March 2016
12137:from the original on 25 June 2016
11948:from the original on 10 June 2016
11909:from the original on 3 March 2016
11817:Moura, Marina de (2 April 2015).
11733:from the original on 30 July 2014
11674:Gage, Leighton (8 January 2012).
11655:from the original on 4 March 2016
11527:from the original on 4 March 2016
11168:from the original on 6 March 2022
11161:10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-3-54-73
11022:from the original on 16 July 2011
10830:Sanglard, Gisele (1 April 2003).
10768:Revista (Con) Textos Linguísticos
10652:from the original on 11 July 2017
10648:. Skyscanner. 19 September 2011.
10565:from the original on 3 March 2016
10369:from the original on 29 July 2018
10287:Corbacho Quintela, Antón (2002).
9523:from the original on 3 March 2016
9517:"Origem e destino dos imigrantes"
9497:from the original on 7 March 2016
9276:). pp. 1–466. Archived from
9006:from the original on 2 April 2016
8869:from the original on 28 June 2021
8654:from the original on 28 June 2021
8142:"The Dutch colonialism in Brazil"
7769:American Journal of Human Biology
7405:. Série Nacional, Vol. I, p. XIII
6786:from the original on 9 April 2021
5767:side, 98% of the white Brazilian
4517:
2995:Third Italian War of Independence
1492:Unknown young Brazilian man, 1850
15907:
15860:White genocide conspiracy theory
15166:Democratic Republic of the Congo
15108:
14158:
14080:
14037:
14018:
13999:
13973:
13924:
13797:
13748:
13722:
13693:
13451:
13319:
13275:
13259:. 29 August 2007. Archived from
13249:
13151:from the original on 29 May 2020
13075:from the original on 6 July 2011
12969:
12937:
12911:
12886:
12806:
12772:
12705:
12695:Olympics at Sports-Reference.com
12683:
12673:Olympics at Sports-Reference.com
12661:
12635:
12623:from the original on 7 July 2015
12609:
12575:
12542:
12512:
12482:
12470:from the original on 16 May 2015
12422:
12392:
12380:from the original on 1 June 2020
12361:
12335:
12323:from the original on 27 May 2020
12308:
12282:
12256:
12227:
12201:
12189:from the original on 1 July 2016
12175:
12149:
12123:
12094:
12064:
11921:
11895:
11865:
11843:
11827:] (Thesis) (in Portuguese).
11810:
11771:
11729:. University of South Carolina.
11694:
11667:
11591:
11565:
11539:
11513:
11434:
11408:
11380:
11354:
11328:
11302:
11280:"A Millenarian Migration: Varpa"
11272:
11254:"Brazilian Embassy in Stockholm"
11246:
11123:from the original on 25 May 2020
11037:
11008:
10999:
10973:
10947:
10921:
10891:
10865:
10856:
10823:
10724:
10586:"Schuhplattln auf Brasilianisch"
10506:
10476:
10429:from the original on 7 July 2015
10399:from the original on 1 July 2018
10339:from the original on 28 May 2020
10280:
10272:
10229:
10203:
10171:
10141:
10115:
10089:
10057:
10034:
10009:
9974:
9939:
9927:from the original on 27 May 2020
9898:
9872:
9846:
9835:
9813:
9719:. Universal_lexikon.deacademic.
9697:from the original on 13 May 2016
9438:from the original on 12 May 2019
9198:from the original on 31 May 2016
8746:from the original on 27 May 2020
8740:""Um processo cultural forçado""
8706:Seyferth, Giralda (April 1997).
8356:Oliveira, Carla Mary S. (2013).
8041:from the original on 21 May 2009
7471:"Imigração restrita (1500-1700)"
7362:Diretoria Geral de Estatística.
7240:from the original on 14 May 2020
7200:Tom Phillips in Rio de Janeiro.
6686:
6672:
5728:
5691:
4890:
4889:
4872:
4871:
4854:
4853:
4836:
4835:
4818:
4817:
4800:
4799:
4782:
4781:
4764:
4763:
4746:
4745:
4727:
4430:Jewish populations by urban area
4137:and traditional customs such as
3997:Balts (Lithuanians and Latvians)
3746:
3689:are quite common in the region.
3306:. Veneto was followed mainly by
2609:
2589:
2577:
2561:
2546:
2531:
2512:
1538:Woman and man of colonial Brazil
1530:
1512:
1498:
1484:
1470:
1456:
1442:
1424:
495:European, African and Amerindian
304:[bɾaziˈle(j)ɾuzˈbɾɐ̃kus]
189:
172:
155:
138:
121:
104:
77:
76:
63:
62:
14063:10.1590/s1415-47571999000200003
13983:. 31 March 2012. Archived from
11849:Ferreira, João Carlos Vicente;
10849:10.1590/S0104-59702003000100006
10184:. 20 March 2009. Archived from
9946:Oliveira, Carla Mary S (2009).
9905:Tanya Katerí Hernández (2013).
9761:
9735:
9709:
9566:
9509:
9450:
9328:(in Portuguese). Archived from
9309:
9184:
9060:"Brazil – Modern-Day Community"
8968:(in Portuguese). Archived from
8949:
8758:
8732:
8725:10.1590/S0104-93131997000100004
8699:
8692:10.1590/S0102-69092011000300007
8666:
8634:
8505:
8461:
8431:
8405:
8349:
8288:
8258:
8228:
8190:
8164:
8152:from the original on 6 May 2017
8022:
7878:
7749:10.1590/S0034-89101974000500003
7689:
7663:
7527:
7492:
7463:
7437:
7395:
7369:
7356:
7323:
7309:
7292:
7268:
7252:
7226:
7167:
7107:
6941:10.1590/S0100-879X2009005000026
3807:Dutch (Netherlands) and Flemish
3207:, or working as dockers in the
3156:Portuguese immigrant couple in
2909:is still spoken in the town of
2887:A nação brasileira ao imigrante
2850:, where today are the towns of
1991:region, although the flow from
1432:Unidentified woman and baby in
384:Conception of "white" in Brazil
15936:White culture in South America
15700:Negative stereotypes of Whites
14006:Salzano, F M (1997). "Study".
12814:"Basketball Hall of Fame 2013"
11499:. SENAC. pp. 15, 16, 18.
11362:"Colônia Finlandesa do Penedo"
9623:"Paraná State Government page"
8477:Ennes, Marcelo Alario (2006).
8002:Johannes Menne Postma (1990).
6956:
6817:
6798:
6744:
6717:European immigration to Brazil
4728:
4466:oldest synagogues in the world
3721:John VI of Portugal and Brazil
2866:descent population during the
1907:European immigration to Brazil
1506:Unknown Brazilian family, 1860
1464:Unknown Brazilian family, 1880
1281:
1271:
1260:
1249:
1239:
1229:
13:
1:
15850:White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
12430:"Valor1000 – Valor Econômico"
12235:"You are being redirected..."
12101:Schucman, Lia Vainer (2006).
10017:"Retrato Molecular- Genética"
9882:. 6 July 2011. Archived from
8512:Senado de la Nación Argentina
8225:(Brasília: MEC, 1964), p. 18.
7985:Paul Louis Jacques Gaffarel,
6737:
4691:
4380:History of the Jews in Brazil
3764:
3344:Spanish immigration to Brazil
3130:
3001:, along with the rest of the
2977:, that weakened local trade.
2877:Monument to the immigrant in
2635:
2625:
595:Caboclos ("indigenous"/
15636:Missing white woman syndrome
13679:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.05.006
13216:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572
12712:FIFA.com (2 December 2011).
12549:Jeb Blount (19 April 1992).
8029:Beth Capelache de Carvalho.
7989:(Paris: Maison Neuve, 1878).
7954:10.1371/journal.pone.0017063
7853:10.1371/journal.pone.0075145
7499:Bacci, Massimo Livi (2002).
4641:, who was inducted into the
4474:Congregation Shearith Israel
4121:, a small town located near
3987:Chinese immigrants to Brazil
3597:Intangible cultural heritage
3333:
2387:
2358:
2329:
2300:
2271:
2242:
2213:
2184:
2158:
1478:Unknown Brazilian girl, 1889
390:Race and ethnicity in Brazil
7:
15788:US definitions of whiteness
13981:"BVGF – A Obra / Opúsculos"
12264:"Imigração Grega no Brasil"
10097:"Observatório da Emigração"
7345:Tereza Cristina N. Araújo.
7329:Tereza Cristina N. Araújo.
7082:Edward Eric Telles (2004),
6665:
4959:. These states, along with
4926:
4699:White Brazilians 1872-2022
4581:is most famous for being a
4374:Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews
4145:British, Scottish and Irish
3962:
3493:Moselle Franconian dialects
3471:Today more speakers of the
3265:, especially the states of
3226:
1848:between the coastal forest
1817:Dutch Brazil or New Holland
1804:War of the Seven Reductions
1386:Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
10:
15957:
15903:European native population
13805:"Nossa herança europeia —"
13129:Seyferth, Giralda (2002).
12845:The Encyclopedia of Tennis
11701:Harter, Eugene C. (2000).
11493:Nogueira, Cláudio (2006).
11142:Ruseishvili, S.A. (2021).
10816:10.14393/DLesp-v8n3a2014-5
10295:Spanish immigrant journals
9981:Klein, Herbert S. (1989).
6886:10.1038/s41467-018-07748-z
5479:
5466:
5453:
5440:
5427:
5414:
5401:
5388:
5375:
5362:
5349:
5336:
5323:
5310:
5297:
5284:
5263:
5250:
5237:
5224:
5211:
5198:
5032:, where there is a strong
4506:
4454:Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue
4420:on Earth, most of them of
4377:
4346:
4339:Levantine descendants in
4221:
4187:The Anglo-Scots-Brazilian
4160:
4080:
4011:Lithuanian descendants in
4000:
3978:
3931:
3912:
3810:
3768:
3750:
3696:
3606:
3466:Riograndenser Hunsrückisch
3381:
3337:
3230:
3134:
2921:in the 18th century (e.g.
2438:Impact of mass immigration
1927:Italian immigrants in the
1900:
1789:
1553:Portuguese descendants in
1294:
1283:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1241:
1231:
502:
494:
486:
475:
387:
260:Oriental Orthodox Churches
15893:
15777:
15699:
15681:White demographic decline
15616:
15523:
15482:
15413:
15235:
15219:
15141:
15130:
15116:
15028:
14969:
14918:
14887:
14861:
14820:
14811:
14795:
14786:
14720:
14704:
14673:
14615:
14606:
14589:
14580:
14508:
14465:
14432:
14384:
14377:
14345:
14328:
14298:
14289:
14179:
14175:
12345:. cia.gov. Archived from
11148:Cuadernos Iberoamericanos
9231:"Um atalho para a Europa"
9064:Jewishvirtuallibrary.org/
8240:Revistapesquisa.fapesp.br
7403:Censo Demográfico de 1960
7353:63, November 1987. p. 14.
6968:brasil500anos.ibge.gov.br
6002:
5933:
5850:
5706:and excessively detailed.
5665:Santa Isabel do Rio Negro
5194:White Population 2009(%)
5191:White Population 1940(%)
4898:
4698:
4502:
4218:Americans (United States)
4062:Hungarian descendants in
3949:Joséphine of Leuchtenberg
3487:. Other dialects include
2154:
2151:
1897:Mass European immigration
224:
219:
209:
204:
187:
170:
153:
136:
119:
102:
90:
85:
61:
56:
44:
14391:American (United States)
12714:"Kings of the free-kick"
11858:22 December 2014 at the
11228:Global.truelithuania.com
11119:. Brasil-russia.com.br.
8197:Flávia de Ávila (2003).
8111:Jewishvirtuallibrary.org
8074:Jewishvirtuallibrary.org
8035:de Santos, 27 June 1982"
7736:Revista de Saúde Pública
5775:side, 39% have European
4900:Source: Brazilian census
4437:or Portuguese and Dutch
4330:
4153:Scottish descendants in
4107:, who also composes the
4040:Praça República Lituânia
3991:ethnic Russian community
3852:Low Franconian languages
3753:Luxembourgish Brazilians
3707:The Swiss settlement of
3692:
3602:
3513:Southern Austro-Bavarian
3245:About 1.64 million
2889:) is read at the bottom.
2840:Galicia (Eastern Europe)
1371:A characteristic of the
424:Croatian descendants in
15941:Ethnic groups in Brazil
15712:Appalachian stereotypes
13426:10.1073/pnas.0126614100
13340:10.1002/ajpa.1330580204
12843:Robertson, Max (1974).
12524:Celebridades.uol.com.br
11676:"Brazilian Confederacy"
11651:. 2001-2009.state.gov.
10739:(in Portuguese): 1–12.
7317:"Censo 2022 - Panorama"
7141:10.1073/pnas.0126614100
7084:"Racial Classification"
5625:Nossa Senhora das Dores
5052:influence is stronger.
4361:population outside the
4353:Brazil has the largest
4317:Ellen Gracie Northfleet
3971:Russian descendants in
3669:has the second largest
3582:Oktoberfest of Blumenau
3538:, Paraná (since 1951).
3473:East Pomeranian dialect
3412:("I love Blumenau", in
3223:Brazilian citizenship.
2951:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2848:Campos Gerais do Paraná
2717:, Ashkenazi Jews (from
2541:family in Brazil, 1891.
1915:Italian descendants in
1373:Portuguese colonization
1300:Portuguese colonization
554:anti-miscegenation laws
503:European and Amerindian
256:Eastern Orthodox Church
15619:phenomena and theories
15602:The White Man's Burden
15596:White Australia policy
15392:Southern United States
15036:Demographics of Brazil
14165:Ancestry and ethnicity
11416:"1942 Gilberto Freyre"
9592:. 2009. Archived from
8581:Fausto, Boris (1999).
8531:
7377:Censo Demográfico 1940
7175:"The undesirable race"
7114:Parra (January 2003).
6707:Emigration from Europe
6206:predominantly European
5529:
5518:
5507:
5312:Rio de Janeiro (state)
4940:
4923:
4587:Alexandre Herchcovitch
4493:Anti-Defamation League
4413:
4401:
4344:
4286:, a former senator of
4241:
4189:Charles William Miller
4182:Madeira-Mamoré Railway
4158:
4123:Itatiaia National Park
4078:
4067:
4016:
3976:
3953:Amélie of Leuchtenberg
3934:Scandinavian Brazilian
3928:Scandinavian countries
3834:
3792:
3740:
3716:
3625:
3425:
3422:Santa Catarina (state)
3401:
3242:
3165:
3149:
2890:
2886:
2806:) who also kept their
2658:
2642:
2471:
2451:
2446:Polish descendants in
2098:
1960:
1948:
1943:German descendants in
1936:
1920:
1819:
1813:John Maurice of Nassau
1659:
1637:Augustin Saint-Hilaire
1570:
1558:
1352:
1313:
439:
428:
417:
403:
299:
288:
15820:Identitarian movement
15405:Saint Kitts and Nevis
14413:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
12979:. Sidra.ibge.gov.br.
12868:Collins, Bud (2010).
10803:Domínios de Lingu@gem
10179:"IMIGRAÇÃO E MEMÓRIA"
8526:
8521:12 April 2013 at the
8483:Estudos de Sociologia
7826:(20 September 2013).
6866:Nature Communications
6727:Portuguese Brazilians
6722:White Latin Americans
6015:Number of individuals
5674:Serrano do Maranhão (
5631:Santo Inácio do Piauí
5524:
5513:
5502:
5265:Rio de Janeiro (city)
4934:
4910:
4561:is the Co-founder of
4532:Oi telecommunications
4407:
4387:
4338:
4255:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
4235:
4152:
4073:
4061:
4010:
4003:Lithuanian Brazilians
3970:
3824:
3778:
3706:
3616:
3524:High Alemannic German
3407:
3395:
3378:Germans and Austrians
3240:
3158:São José do Rio Preto
3155:
3144:
3137:Portuguese Brazilians
2957:and Germans from the
2876:
2648:
2633:
2457:
2445:
2092:
1957:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
1954:
1942:
1926:
1914:
1903:Immigration to Brazil
1811:
1645:
1564:
1552:
1338:
1307:
435:Swiss descendants in
434:
423:
409:
397:
287:
15707:In the United States
15671:Whitewashing in film
13608:Current Anthropology
13257:"Os Genes de Cabral"
13068:. 1 September 1940.
12820:. 7 September 2013.
12496:. 11 November 2014.
12292:. 14 November 2013.
11016:"Vivre à l'étranger"
9775:on 21 September 2013
8804:on 24 September 2015
7351:Cadernos de Pesquisa
7288:on 16 December 2007.
6810:26 June 2020 at the
5798:would have over 10%
5269:71,1%* (in the then
4945:South of the country
4665:), and many others.
4424:background but also
4321:Warwick Estevam Kerr
4304:Confederate colonies
4083:Hungarian Brazilians
3783:descent celebrating
3771:Ukrainian Brazilians
3673:in the world (after
3637:Partitions of Poland
3495:group together with
2975:Germany respectively
2971:unification of Italy
2939:Grand Duchy of Baden
2808:Hunsrückisch dialect
2804:Rhineland-Palatinate
2719:diaspora communities
2114:Atlantic slave trade
1995:was also important.
1955:U.S. descendants in
604:"East Asian")
487:European and African
15825:Non-Hispanic whites
15666:Whitewashing in art
15591:Settler colonialism
15524:Historical concepts
15334:Trinidad and Tobago
15132:European emigration
13417:2003PNAS..100..177P
13063:"Censo Demográfico"
13037:Noticias.uol.com.br
13033:"Censo Brasil 2010"
12957:on 22 February 2012
12520:"Bilionária aos 50"
12404:noticias.uol.com.br
12376:(in Spanish) (38).
12349:on 16 November 2018
12045:. 8 November 2011.
11753:"MCMULLAN, FRANCIS"
11474:on 19 December 2009
11444:. livrariacultura.
11018:. 25 January 2016.
10987:on 6 September 2009
10103:on 24 November 2015
9823:. 12 September 2015
9434:. 26 October 2009.
9138:on 12 November 2016
8772:on 29 February 2020
8362:. Editora da UFPB.
8148:. 14 January 2014.
7945:2011PLoSO...617063P
7844:2013PLoSO...875145S
7425:on 24 February 2013
7132:2003PNAS..100..177P
7046:on 22 February 2012
6878:2018NatCo...9.5388C
6599:Central-West Region
6489:Northeast of Brazil
6387:Central-West Region
6277:Central-West Region
6155:Central-West Region
5800:Sub-Saharan African
5455:Rio Grande do Norte
5103:: 30,976,877 whites
4579:Alessandra Ambrosio
4485:Marta Smith Suplicy
4224:American Brazilians
4184:in the rainforest.
4171:Scottish Brazilians
3909:French and Walloons
3503:, Low Saxon–rooted
3477:Low German-speaking
3388:Austrian Brazilians
3261:plantations in the
3014:
2802:region of Germany (
2489:Portuguese language
2148:
1891:Northeastern Brazil
1672:
1583:
1396:islands increased.
602:Amarelos ("yellow"/
572:
464:
450:. In Brazil and in
300:brasileiros brancos
245:Jehovah's Witnesses
41:
39:Brasileiros Brancos
15810:European New Right
15805:Christian Identity
15581:Play the white man
15294:Dominican Republic
14194:Indigenous peoples
13950:10.1002/ajhb.20474
13902:10.1002/ajhb.10217
13848:10.1002/ajhb.22714
13811:on 30 January 2012
13583:. 30 December 2016
13502:10.1002/ajhb.20976
13297:10.1002/ajhb.20404
12750:The New York Times
11784:. Berghahn Books.
11418:. estantevirtual.
11057:on 16 January 2014
10584:René Laglstorfer.
10217:on 16 January 2014
9860:on 2 November 2008
9335:on 3 October 2009.
9241:on 21 August 2012.
8975:on 3 October 2009.
8855:Ina Emmel (2005).
8836:on 9 February 2015
8443:Multirio.rj.gov.br
8236:"O DNA dos Pampas"
8146:Colonialvoyage.com
7781:10.1002/ajhb.22714
5530:
5519:
5508:
5173:Mato Grosso do Sul
4992:Mato Grosso do Sul
4941:
4924:
4670:Maria Esther Bueno
4555:Jorge Paulo Lemann
4414:
4402:
4345:
4242:
4167:English Brazilians
4159:
4079:
4068:
4017:
3981:Russian Brazilians
3977:
3955:, wife of Emperor
3835:
3793:
3729:canton of Fribourg
3717:
3626:
3485:co-official status
3426:
3416:) in front of the
3410:Ich liebe Blumenau
3402:
3340:Spanish Brazilians
3290:and, according to
3243:
3166:
3150:
3109:Rio Grande do Sul
3012:
2959:Kingdom of Prussia
2931:Giuseppe Garibaldi
2891:
2824:Sinos River Valley
2659:
2643:
2618:State of São Paulo
2568:Italian family in
2472:
2452:
2144:
2099:
2020:Canton of Fribourg
1961:
1949:
1937:
1921:
1860:in the Northeast.
1820:
1800:France Équinoxiale
1796:France Antarctique
1670:
1660:
1581:
1571:
1559:
1409:John V of Portugal
1353:
1314:
580:Brancos ("whites")
570:
558:affirmative action
522:racial segregation
462:
440:
429:
418:
404:
400:population pyramid
374:Mato Grosso do Sul
289:
35:
15923:
15922:
15875:White nationalism
15815:Great Replacement
15780:identity politics
15661:Whiteness studies
15571:First white child
15519:
15518:
15076:
15075:
15024:
15023:
15020:
15019:
15016:
15015:
14782:
14781:
14778:
14777:
14576:
14575:
14367:
14366:
13578:"502 Bad Gateway"
13263:on 29 August 2007
13107:on 4 January 2012
12898:sidra.ibge.gov.br
12701:on 1 August 2018.
12679:on 1 August 2018.
12556:Los Angeles Times
12238:Global100.adl.org
12076:Sidra.ibge.gov.br
11506:978-85-87864-96-3
11368:on 26 August 2014
11260:on 4 January 2007
11195:Ilas.columbia.edu
10770:(in Portuguese).
10335:. 15 March 2016.
10270:(16th ed., 2009)
10129:on 19 August 2017
9989:(in Portuguese).
9954:(in Portuguese).
9920:978-1-107-02486-1
9801:on 19 August 2008
9717:"Katharinensisch"
9627:Cidadao.pr.gov.br
8901:978-0-8420-2831-8
8714:(in Portuguese).
8681:(in Portuguese).
8592:978-85-314-0484-9
8549:(in Portuguese).
8485:(in Portuguese).
8301:Am. J. Hum. Genet
7738:(in Portuguese).
7643:(in Portuguese).
7507:(in Portuguese).
7390:Censo Demográfico
6756:sidra.ibge.gov.br
6712:European diaspora
6660:a study from 1965
6645:
6644:
6535:
6534:
6440:the population: "
6433:
6432:
6323:
6322:
6201:
6200:
6079:
6078:
5812:Rio Grande do Sul
5781:Great Immigration
5777:Mitochondrial DNA
5754:mitochondrial DNA
5746:mitochondrial DNA
5724:
5723:
5539:Rio Grande do Sul
5492:
5491:
5213:Rio Grande do Sul
5188:Federative Units
5113:Rio Grande do Sul
4968:Rio Grande do Sul
4953:Rio Grande do Sul
4905:
4904:
4901:
4714:
4631:to be ranked nr 1
4583:Victoria's Secret
4367:Asian communities
4284:William H. Norris
4163:British Brazilian
4099:, followed by an
4038:Lithuania Plaza (
3957:Pedro I of Brazil
3945:Sweden and Norway
3915:French Brazilians
3817:Belgian Brazilian
3795:More than 20,000
3547:Rio Grande do Sul
3384:German Brazilians
3278:São Paulo capital
3233:Italian Brazilian
3162:São Paulo (state)
3121:
3120:
2709:, Castilians and
2705:) and Spaniards (
2655:Rio Grande do Sul
2520:Italian Brazilian
2466:state, where the
2435:
2434:
2331:Middle Easterners
2123:Republican Regime
1876:Amazon rainforest
1854:and the semiarid
1840:Borborema Plateau
1783:
1782:
1628:
1627:
1378:Northern Portugal
1358:Portuguese Empire
1227:
1226:
597:"mestizo")
590:Pretos ("blacks")
549:Scientific racism
510:
509:
354:Rio Grande do Sul
282:
281:
128:Rio Grande do Sul
16:(Redirected from
15948:
15911:
15910:
15754:Angry white male
15630:Passing as white
15139:
15138:
15103:
15096:
15089:
15080:
15079:
14818:
14817:
14793:
14792:
14613:
14612:
14587:
14586:
14382:
14381:
14296:
14295:
14177:
14176:
14163:
14162:
14161:
14151:
14144:
14137:
14128:
14127:
14121:
14120:
14084:
14078:
14077:
14075:
14065:
14041:
14035:
14034:
14022:
14016:
14015:
14003:
13997:
13996:
13994:
13992:
13987:on 31 March 2012
13977:
13971:
13970:
13952:
13928:
13922:
13921:
13884:
13878:
13877:
13859:
13830:
13821:
13820:
13818:
13816:
13801:
13795:
13794:
13784:
13752:
13746:
13745:
13743:
13741:
13726:
13720:
13719:
13717:
13715:
13697:
13691:
13690:
13661:
13652:
13651:
13649:
13647:
13599:
13593:
13592:
13590:
13588:
13582:
13574:
13565:
13564:
13562:
13560:
13551:. Archived from
13541:
13535:
13534:
13532:
13530:
13504:
13480:
13467:
13466:
13461:. Archived from
13455:
13449:
13448:
13438:
13428:
13396:
13387:
13386:
13384:
13382:
13376:
13370:. Archived from
13369:
13360:
13351:
13350:
13323:
13317:
13316:
13279:
13273:
13272:
13270:
13268:
13253:
13247:
13246:
13228:
13218:
13193:
13187:
13186:
13184:
13182:
13177:on 5 August 2012
13167:
13161:
13160:
13158:
13156:
13146:
13126:
13117:
13116:
13114:
13112:
13106:
13099:
13091:
13085:
13084:
13082:
13080:
13074:
13067:
13059:
13053:
13052:
13050:
13048:
13029:
13023:
13022:
13020:
13018:
12999:
12993:
12992:
12990:
12988:
12973:
12967:
12966:
12964:
12962:
12956:
12950:. Archived from
12949:
12941:
12935:
12934:
12932:
12930:
12915:
12909:
12908:
12906:
12904:
12890:
12884:
12883:
12865:
12859:
12858:
12840:
12834:
12833:
12831:
12829:
12810:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12799:
12790:. Archived from
12784:Atpworldtour.com
12776:
12770:
12769:
12764:
12762:
12740:
12734:
12733:
12731:
12729:
12720:. Archived from
12709:
12703:
12702:
12697:. Archived from
12687:
12681:
12680:
12675:. Archived from
12665:
12659:
12658:
12656:
12654:
12639:
12633:
12632:
12630:
12628:
12613:
12607:
12606:
12604:
12602:
12587:Anderson Antunes
12579:
12573:
12572:
12570:
12568:
12546:
12540:
12539:
12537:
12535:
12526:. 9 April 2012.
12516:
12510:
12509:
12507:
12505:
12486:
12480:
12479:
12477:
12475:
12456:
12450:
12449:
12447:
12445:
12426:
12420:
12419:
12417:
12415:
12396:
12390:
12389:
12387:
12385:
12365:
12359:
12358:
12356:
12354:
12339:
12333:
12332:
12330:
12328:
12312:
12306:
12305:
12303:
12301:
12286:
12280:
12279:
12277:
12275:
12260:
12254:
12253:
12251:
12249:
12231:
12225:
12224:
12222:
12220:
12215:on 20 April 2016
12211:. Archived from
12205:
12199:
12198:
12196:
12194:
12179:
12173:
12172:
12170:
12168:
12153:
12147:
12146:
12144:
12142:
12127:
12121:
12120:
12118:
12116:
12098:
12092:
12091:
12089:
12087:
12068:
12062:
12061:
12059:
12057:
12051:
12044:
12036:
12025:
12024:
12022:
12020:
12000:
11987:
11986:
11984:
11982:
11967:
11961:
11960:
11955:
11953:
11947:
11934:
11925:
11919:
11918:
11916:
11914:
11899:
11893:
11892:
11890:
11888:
11877:Washington Times
11869:
11863:
11847:
11841:
11840:
11838:
11836:
11814:
11808:
11807:
11805:
11803:
11775:
11769:
11768:
11766:
11764:
11749:
11743:
11742:
11740:
11738:
11723:
11717:
11716:
11698:
11692:
11691:
11689:
11687:
11671:
11665:
11664:
11662:
11660:
11645:
11639:
11636:
11627:
11626:
11624:
11622:
11595:
11589:
11588:
11586:
11584:
11569:
11563:
11562:
11560:
11558:
11543:
11537:
11536:
11534:
11532:
11517:
11511:
11510:
11490:
11484:
11483:
11481:
11479:
11464:
11458:
11457:
11455:
11453:
11438:
11432:
11431:
11429:
11427:
11412:
11406:
11405:
11403:
11401:
11384:
11378:
11377:
11375:
11373:
11364:. Archived from
11358:
11352:
11351:
11349:
11347:
11338:. Archived from
11332:
11326:
11325:
11323:
11321:
11312:. Archived from
11306:
11300:
11299:
11297:
11295:
11276:
11270:
11269:
11267:
11265:
11256:. Archived from
11250:
11244:
11243:
11241:
11239:
11220:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11206:
11201:on 15 April 2016
11197:. Archived from
11187:
11181:
11180:
11175:
11173:
11163:
11139:
11133:
11132:
11130:
11128:
11113:
11107:
11106:
11104:
11102:
11093:. Archived from
11087:
11081:
11080:
11074:
11066:
11064:
11062:
11056:
11050:. Archived from
11049:
11041:
11035:
11034:
11029:
11027:
11012:
11006:
11003:
10997:
10996:
10994:
10992:
10983:. Archived from
10977:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10966:
10961:on 6 August 2013
10951:
10945:
10944:
10942:
10940:
10925:
10919:
10918:
10916:
10914:
10905:. Archived from
10895:
10889:
10888:
10886:
10884:
10869:
10863:
10860:
10854:
10853:
10851:
10827:
10821:
10820:
10818:
10794:
10788:
10787:
10785:
10783:
10759:
10753:
10752:
10750:
10748:
10728:
10722:
10721:
10719:
10717:
10702:"Texto da Norma"
10698:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10687:
10668:
10662:
10661:
10659:
10657:
10642:
10636:
10635:
10633:
10631:
10612:
10606:
10605:
10603:
10601:
10581:
10575:
10574:
10572:
10570:
10555:
10549:
10548:
10528:
10522:
10519:
10513:
10510:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10499:
10480:
10474:
10473:
10471:
10469:
10450:
10439:
10438:
10436:
10434:
10415:
10409:
10408:
10406:
10404:
10385:
10379:
10378:
10376:
10374:
10365:. 7 April 2015.
10355:
10349:
10348:
10346:
10344:
10329:
10320:
10317:
10311:
10310:
10308:
10306:
10284:
10278:
10277:
10276:
10259:
10253:
10252:
10250:
10248:
10233:
10227:
10226:
10224:
10222:
10207:
10201:
10200:
10198:
10196:
10191:on 20 March 2009
10190:
10183:
10175:
10169:
10168:
10166:
10164:
10145:
10139:
10138:
10136:
10134:
10119:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10108:
10099:. Archived from
10093:
10087:
10086:
10084:
10082:
10076:
10069:
10061:
10055:
10054:
10052:
10050:
10038:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10027:
10021:Ich.unito.com.br
10013:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10002:
9978:
9972:
9971:
9969:
9967:
9943:
9937:
9936:
9934:
9932:
9902:
9896:
9895:
9893:
9891:
9876:
9870:
9869:
9867:
9865:
9856:. Archived from
9850:
9844:
9839:
9833:
9832:
9830:
9828:
9817:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9806:
9797:. Archived from
9791:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9780:
9765:
9759:
9758:
9756:
9754:
9739:
9733:
9732:
9730:
9728:
9713:
9707:
9706:
9704:
9702:
9687:
9678:
9677:
9675:
9673:
9664:. Archived from
9654:
9643:
9642:
9640:
9638:
9619:
9606:
9605:
9603:
9601:
9582:
9573:
9570:
9564:
9563:
9561:
9559:
9544:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9528:
9513:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9502:
9487:
9474:
9473:
9471:
9469:
9454:
9448:
9447:
9445:
9443:
9424:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9410:
9383:
9374:
9373:
9371:
9369:
9346:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9323:
9313:
9307:
9306:
9300:
9292:
9290:
9288:
9282:
9271:
9262:
9243:
9242:
9227:
9208:
9207:
9205:
9203:
9188:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9177:
9172:on 17 April 2008
9168:. Archived from
9157:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9143:
9134:. Archived from
9124:
9115:
9114:
9112:
9110:
9095:
9080:
9079:
9077:
9075:
9056:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9027:
9016:
9015:
9013:
9011:
8996:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8963:
8953:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8942:
8927:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8913:
8885:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8874:
8868:
8861:
8852:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8835:
8829:. Archived from
8828:
8820:
8814:
8813:
8811:
8809:
8803:
8796:
8788:
8782:
8781:
8779:
8777:
8768:. Archived from
8762:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8736:
8730:
8729:
8727:
8703:
8697:
8696:
8694:
8670:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8659:
8653:
8646:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8627:
8621:
8614:
8606:
8597:
8596:
8578:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8562:
8538:
8532:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8498:
8474:
8468:
8465:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8454:
8435:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8409:
8403:
8397:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8381:
8353:
8347:
8344:
8335:
8334:
8324:
8292:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8281:
8262:
8256:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8232:
8226:
8220:
8218:
8216:
8210:
8203:
8194:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8183:
8168:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8157:
8138:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8122:
8107:"Recife, Brazil"
8103:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8066:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8046:
8026:
8020:
8019:
7999:
7990:
7983:
7977:
7976:
7966:
7956:
7923:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7901:
7882:
7876:
7875:
7865:
7855:
7822:
7811:
7810:
7792:
7763:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7742:(suppl): 49–90.
7727:
7696:
7693:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7682:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7632:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7612:
7605:
7597:
7588:
7585:
7568:
7565:
7554:
7553:
7548:
7546:
7531:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7520:
7496:
7490:
7489:
7484:
7482:
7467:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7441:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7415:
7406:
7399:
7393:
7386:
7380:
7373:
7367:
7360:
7354:
7343:
7334:
7327:
7321:
7320:
7313:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7296:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7281:. Archived from
7280:
7272:
7266:
7265:
7256:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7230:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7197:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7171:
7165:
7164:Second paragraph
7163:
7153:
7143:
7111:
7105:
7104:
7079:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7051:
7045:
7039:. Archived from
7034:
7026:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7015:
7009:
7002:
6993:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6960:
6954:
6953:
6943:
6919:
6908:
6907:
6897:
6856:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6842:
6830:
6821:
6815:
6802:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6776:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6748:
6732:Racism in Brazil
6702:Asian Brazilians
6696:
6691:
6690:
6689:
6682:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6615:Southeast Region
6583:Northeast Region
6541:
6540:
6505:Southeast Brazil
6447:
6446:
6403:Southeast Region
6371:Northeast Region
6329:
6328:
6293:Southeast Region
6261:Northeast Region
6219:
6218:
6171:Southeast Region
6139:Northeast Region
6097:
6096:
5848:
5847:
5796:Southeast Brazil
5732:
5719:
5716:
5710:
5695:
5694:
5687:
5683:Genetic research
5533:Cities and towns
5271:Federal District
5185:
5184:
5179:Federal District
5010:Federal District
4899:
4893:
4892:
4875:
4874:
4857:
4856:
4839:
4838:
4821:
4820:
4803:
4802:
4785:
4784:
4767:
4766:
4749:
4748:
4731:
4730:
4710:
4696:
4695:
4625:Others include,
4604:Brazilian sports
4602:In the world of
4509:Greek Brazilians
4418:Jewish diasporas
4175:Irish Brazilians
4125:, was the first
3951:, was sister to
3725:Swiss immigrants
3658:which was under
3609:Polish Brazilian
3526:, especially in
3462:Brazilian German
3320:Abruzzi e Molise
3296:Venetian dialect
3015:
3011:
3007:Kingdom of Italy
2979:Istrian Italians
2699:Abruzzi e Molise
2640:
2637:
2613:
2593:
2581:
2565:
2550:
2535:
2516:
2470:is still spoken.
2149:
2064:racial whitening
1673:
1669:
1648:Ham's Redemption
1584:
1580:
1534:
1516:
1502:
1488:
1474:
1460:
1446:
1428:
1287:
1277:
1266:
1255:
1245:
1235:
931:Undeclared
928:Indigenous
613:Undeclared
609:Indigenous
603:
596:
585:Pardos ("mixed")
573:
569:
465:
461:
333:, but also from
306:
292:White Brazilians
194:
193:
177:
176:
160:
159:
143:
142:
126:
125:
109:
108:
97:Southeast Region
80:
79:
66:
65:
57:Total population
49:
42:
36:White Brazilians
34:
21:
18:White brazilians
15956:
15955:
15951:
15950:
15949:
15947:
15946:
15945:
15926:
15925:
15924:
15919:
15889:
15885:White supremacy
15773:
15722:Mountain whites
15695:
15691:White supremacy
15656:White privilege
15618:
15612:
15576:Honorary whites
15515:
15478:
15409:
15231:
15215:
15134:
15126:
15112:
15107:
15077:
15072:
15012:
14965:
14914:
14883:
14857:
14813:
14807:
14774:
14716:
14700:
14669:
14608:
14602:
14572:
14504:
14467:Central America
14461:
14428:
14373:
14363:
14347:
14346:Central Africa
14341:
14330:
14324:
14285:
14171:
14159:
14157:
14155:
14125:
14124:
14085:
14081:
14042:
14038:
14023:
14019:
14004:
14000:
13990:
13988:
13979:
13978:
13974:
13929:
13925:
13885:
13881:
13831:
13824:
13814:
13812:
13803:
13802:
13798:
13753:
13749:
13739:
13737:
13728:
13727:
13723:
13713:
13711:
13698:
13694:
13662:
13655:
13645:
13643:
13600:
13596:
13586:
13584:
13580:
13576:
13575:
13568:
13558:
13556:
13549:Meionews.com.br
13543:
13542:
13538:
13528:
13526:
13481:
13470:
13465:on 21 May 2016.
13457:
13456:
13452:
13397:
13390:
13380:
13378:
13374:
13367:
13361:
13354:
13324:
13320:
13280:
13276:
13266:
13264:
13255:
13254:
13250:
13209:(9): e1004572.
13194:
13190:
13180:
13178:
13169:
13168:
13164:
13154:
13152:
13137:(53): 117–149.
13127:
13120:
13110:
13108:
13104:
13097:
13093:
13092:
13088:
13078:
13076:
13072:
13065:
13061:
13060:
13056:
13046:
13044:
13031:
13030:
13026:
13016:
13014:
13001:
13000:
12996:
12986:
12984:
12975:
12974:
12970:
12960:
12958:
12954:
12947:
12943:
12942:
12938:
12928:
12926:
12917:
12916:
12912:
12902:
12900:
12892:
12891:
12887:
12880:
12866:
12862:
12855:
12841:
12837:
12827:
12825:
12812:
12811:
12807:
12797:
12795:
12794:on 11 June 2010
12778:
12777:
12773:
12760:
12758:
12741:
12737:
12727:
12725:
12724:on 27 June 2015
12710:
12706:
12689:
12688:
12684:
12667:
12666:
12662:
12652:
12650:
12641:
12640:
12636:
12626:
12624:
12615:
12614:
12610:
12600:
12598:
12581:
12580:
12576:
12566:
12564:
12547:
12543:
12533:
12531:
12518:
12517:
12513:
12503:
12501:
12488:
12487:
12483:
12473:
12471:
12458:
12457:
12453:
12443:
12441:
12428:
12427:
12423:
12413:
12411:
12398:
12397:
12393:
12383:
12381:
12366:
12362:
12352:
12350:
12341:
12340:
12336:
12326:
12324:
12313:
12309:
12299:
12297:
12288:
12287:
12283:
12273:
12271:
12262:
12261:
12257:
12247:
12245:
12233:
12232:
12228:
12218:
12216:
12207:
12206:
12202:
12192:
12190:
12181:
12180:
12176:
12166:
12164:
12155:
12154:
12150:
12140:
12138:
12129:
12128:
12124:
12114:
12112:
12099:
12095:
12085:
12083:
12070:
12069:
12065:
12055:
12053:
12049:
12042:
12038:
12037:
12028:
12018:
12016:
12009:Jewishpress.com
12003:Israel, David.
12001:
11990:
11980:
11978:
11969:
11968:
11964:
11951:
11949:
11945:
11932:
11926:
11922:
11912:
11910:
11901:
11900:
11896:
11886:
11884:
11871:
11870:
11866:
11860:Wayback Machine
11848:
11844:
11834:
11832:
11815:
11811:
11801:
11799:
11792:
11776:
11772:
11762:
11760:
11751:
11750:
11746:
11736:
11734:
11725:
11724:
11720:
11713:
11699:
11695:
11685:
11683:
11672:
11668:
11658:
11656:
11647:
11646:
11642:
11637:
11630:
11620:
11618:
11611:
11597:
11596:
11592:
11582:
11580:
11571:
11570:
11566:
11556:
11554:
11553:on 25 June 2016
11545:
11544:
11540:
11530:
11528:
11519:
11518:
11514:
11507:
11491:
11487:
11477:
11475:
11466:
11465:
11461:
11451:
11449:
11440:
11439:
11435:
11425:
11423:
11414:
11413:
11409:
11399:
11397:
11386:
11385:
11381:
11371:
11369:
11360:
11359:
11355:
11345:
11343:
11342:on 20 July 2011
11334:
11333:
11329:
11319:
11317:
11308:
11307:
11303:
11293:
11291:
11278:
11277:
11273:
11263:
11261:
11252:
11251:
11247:
11237:
11235:
11222:
11221:
11214:
11204:
11202:
11189:
11188:
11184:
11171:
11169:
11140:
11136:
11126:
11124:
11115:
11114:
11110:
11100:
11098:
11097:on 6 March 2007
11089:
11088:
11084:
11068:
11067:
11060:
11058:
11054:
11047:
11045:"Archived copy"
11043:
11042:
11038:
11025:
11023:
11014:
11013:
11009:
11004:
11000:
10990:
10988:
10979:
10978:
10974:
10964:
10962:
10953:
10952:
10948:
10938:
10936:
10927:
10926:
10922:
10912:
10910:
10909:on 30 June 2016
10897:
10896:
10892:
10882:
10880:
10871:
10870:
10866:
10861:
10857:
10828:
10824:
10795:
10791:
10781:
10779:
10774:(10): 159–174.
10760:
10756:
10746:
10744:
10729:
10725:
10715:
10713:
10700:
10699:
10695:
10685:
10683:
10672:"Sistema Legis"
10670:
10669:
10665:
10655:
10653:
10644:
10643:
10639:
10629:
10627:
10620:SDuabios.com.br
10614:
10613:
10609:
10599:
10597:
10582:
10578:
10568:
10566:
10557:
10556:
10552:
10529:
10525:
10520:
10516:
10511:
10507:
10497:
10495:
10482:
10481:
10477:
10467:
10465:
10458:Revistas.usp.br
10452:
10451:
10442:
10432:
10430:
10417:
10416:
10412:
10402:
10400:
10387:
10386:
10382:
10372:
10370:
10357:
10356:
10352:
10342:
10340:
10331:
10330:
10323:
10318:
10314:
10304:
10302:
10285:
10281:
10271:
10260:
10256:
10246:
10244:
10235:
10234:
10230:
10220:
10218:
10209:
10208:
10204:
10194:
10192:
10188:
10181:
10177:
10176:
10172:
10162:
10160:
10147:
10146:
10142:
10132:
10130:
10121:
10120:
10116:
10106:
10104:
10095:
10094:
10090:
10080:
10078:
10074:
10067:
10063:
10062:
10058:
10048:
10046:
10040:
10039:
10035:
10025:
10023:
10015:
10014:
10010:
10000:
9998:
9979:
9975:
9965:
9963:
9944:
9940:
9930:
9928:
9921:
9903:
9899:
9889:
9887:
9878:
9877:
9873:
9863:
9861:
9852:
9851:
9847:
9840:
9836:
9826:
9824:
9819:
9818:
9814:
9804:
9802:
9793:
9792:
9788:
9778:
9776:
9767:
9766:
9762:
9752:
9750:
9741:
9740:
9736:
9726:
9724:
9715:
9714:
9710:
9700:
9698:
9689:
9688:
9681:
9671:
9669:
9668:on 30 June 2016
9656:
9655:
9646:
9636:
9634:
9621:
9620:
9609:
9599:
9597:
9584:
9583:
9576:
9571:
9567:
9557:
9555:
9546:
9545:
9536:
9526:
9524:
9515:
9514:
9510:
9500:
9498:
9489:
9488:
9477:
9467:
9465:
9456:
9455:
9451:
9441:
9439:
9426:
9425:
9418:
9408:
9406:
9399:
9385:
9384:
9377:
9367:
9365:
9348:
9347:
9340:
9332:
9321:
9314:
9310:
9294:
9293:
9286:
9284:
9283:on 21 July 2012
9280:
9269:
9263:
9246:
9229:
9228:
9211:
9201:
9199:
9190:
9189:
9185:
9175:
9173:
9158:
9151:
9141:
9139:
9126:
9125:
9118:
9108:
9106:
9097:
9096:
9083:
9073:
9071:
9058:
9057:
9050:
9040:
9038:
9029:
9028:
9019:
9009:
9007:
8998:
8997:
8980:
8972:
8961:
8954:
8950:
8940:
8938:
8929:
8928:
8921:
8911:
8909:
8902:
8886:
8882:
8872:
8870:
8866:
8859:
8853:
8849:
8839:
8837:
8833:
8826:
8822:
8821:
8817:
8807:
8805:
8801:
8794:
8790:
8789:
8785:
8775:
8773:
8764:
8763:
8759:
8749:
8747:
8738:
8737:
8733:
8704:
8700:
8671:
8667:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8644:
8640:
8639:
8635:
8625:
8623:
8619:
8612:
8608:
8607:
8600:
8593:
8579:
8570:
8560:
8558:
8539:
8535:
8523:Wayback Machine
8510:
8506:
8496:
8494:
8475:
8471:
8466:
8462:
8452:
8450:
8437:
8436:
8432:
8422:
8420:
8411:
8410:
8406:
8398:
8389:
8379:
8377:
8370:
8354:
8350:
8345:
8338:
8293:
8289:
8279:
8277:
8264:
8263:
8259:
8249:
8247:
8234:
8233:
8229:
8214:
8212:
8208:
8201:
8195:
8191:
8181:
8179:
8170:
8169:
8165:
8155:
8153:
8140:
8139:
8130:
8120:
8118:
8105:
8104:
8093:
8083:
8081:
8068:
8067:
8054:
8044:
8042:
8027:
8023:
8016:
8000:
7993:
7984:
7980:
7924:
7909:
7899:
7897:
7884:
7883:
7879:
7823:
7814:
7764:
7757:
7728:
7699:
7694:
7690:
7680:
7678:
7669:
7668:
7664:
7654:
7652:
7633:
7626:
7616:
7614:
7610:
7603:
7599:
7598:
7591:
7586:
7571:
7566:
7557:
7544:
7542:
7533:
7532:
7528:
7518:
7516:
7497:
7493:
7480:
7478:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7454:
7452:
7443:
7442:
7438:
7428:
7426:
7417:
7416:
7409:
7400:
7396:
7387:
7383:
7374:
7370:
7361:
7357:
7344:
7337:
7328:
7324:
7315:
7314:
7310:
7302:
7298:
7297:
7293:
7285:
7278:
7274:
7273:
7269:
7258:
7257:
7253:
7243:
7241:
7232:
7231:
7227:
7217:
7215:
7198:
7194:
7184:
7182:
7173:
7172:
7168:
7112:
7108:
7102:
7080:
7059:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7032:
7028:
7027:
7023:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7000:
6994:
6987:
6977:
6975:
6962:
6961:
6957:
6934:(10): 870–876.
6920:
6911:
6857:
6853:
6840:
6838:
6828:
6822:
6818:
6812:Wayback Machine
6803:
6799:
6789:
6787:
6778:
6777:
6770:
6760:
6758:
6750:
6749:
6745:
6740:
6692:
6687:
6685:
6678:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6652:São Paulo state
6560:Native American
6521:Southern Brazil
6473:Northern Brazil
6466:Native American
6348:Native American
6238:Native American
6116:Native American
5804:Southern Brazil
5742:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5733:
5720:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5696:
5692:
5685:
5535:
4929:
4712:
4694:
4686:Australian Open
4627:Gustavo Kuerten
4574:Gisele Bündchen
4559:Eduardo Saverin
4520:
4511:
4505:
4382:
4376:
4351:
4349:Arab Brazilians
4333:
4230:
4222:Main articles:
4220:
4177:
4161:Main articles:
4147:
4105:Finnic language
4089:
4056:
4005:
3999:
3983:
3965:
3936:
3930:
3924:descent today.
3917:
3911:
3819:
3813:Dutch Brazilian
3811:Main articles:
3809:
3773:
3767:
3755:
3749:
3701:
3699:Swiss Brazilian
3695:
3671:Polish diaspora
3611:
3605:
3501:Swiss Alemannic
3458:Standard German
3390:
3382:Main articles:
3380:
3346:
3338:Main articles:
3336:
3304:Southern Brazil
3251:Southern Brazil
3235:
3229:
3190:. In Portugal,
3139:
3133:
3125:Europeanization
3091:Santa Catarina
3055:Santa Catarina
3037:Santa Catarina
2985:rule also fled
2983:Austrian Empire
2927:Anita Garibaldi
2907:East Pomeranian
2903:Katharinensisch
2868:Imperial period
2812:Riograndensisch
2657:state, in 1886.
2638:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2605:
2594:
2585:
2582:
2573:
2570:Southern Brazil
2566:
2557:
2551:
2542:
2536:
2527:
2517:
2478:The process of
2468:German language
2440:
2146:
2135:Prinetti Decree
2073:South American
2001:southern Brazil
1909:
1901:Main articles:
1899:
1806:
1790:Main articles:
1788:
1633:life expectancy
1547:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1380:, most notably
1345:colonial Brazil
1302:
1297:
1291:
413:descendants in
392:
386:
313:Levantine Asian
230:
227:Catholic Church
188:
171:
154:
137:
120:
103:
75:
52:
37:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15954:
15944:
15943:
15938:
15921:
15920:
15918:
15917:
15905:
15900:
15894:
15891:
15890:
15888:
15887:
15882:
15877:
15872:
15870:White identity
15867:
15865:White Hispanic
15862:
15857:
15852:
15847:
15846:
15845:
15840:
15835:
15827:
15822:
15817:
15812:
15807:
15802:
15797:
15796:
15795:
15784:
15782:
15775:
15774:
15772:
15771:
15766:
15761:
15756:
15751:
15746:
15745:
15744:
15739:
15734:
15729:
15724:
15719:
15714:
15703:
15701:
15697:
15696:
15694:
15693:
15688:
15686:Reverse racism
15683:
15678:
15673:
15668:
15663:
15658:
15653:
15648:
15643:
15641:Skin whitening
15638:
15633:
15622:
15620:
15614:
15613:
15611:
15610:
15605:
15598:
15593:
15588:
15583:
15578:
15573:
15568:
15567:
15566:
15559:
15545:
15542:Blanqueamiento
15538:
15533:
15527:
15525:
15521:
15520:
15517:
15516:
15514:
15513:
15506:
15501:
15496:
15488:
15486:
15480:
15479:
15477:
15476:
15471:
15464:
15459:
15454:
15449:
15444:
15437:
15432:
15427:
15419:
15417:
15411:
15410:
15408:
15407:
15402:
15401:
15400:
15395:
15388:
15387:
15386:
15374:
15367:
15362:
15361:
15360:
15355:
15336:
15331:
15326:
15321:
15316:
15311:
15306:
15301:
15296:
15291:
15286:
15279:
15272:
15270:Cayman Islands
15267:
15262:
15255:
15250:
15245:
15239:
15237:
15233:
15232:
15230:
15229:
15223:
15221:
15217:
15216:
15214:
15213:
15208:
15203:
15198:
15193:
15188:
15183:
15178:
15173:
15168:
15163:
15158:
15153:
15147:
15145:
15136:
15128:
15127:
15125:
15124:
15117:
15114:
15113:
15106:
15105:
15098:
15091:
15083:
15074:
15073:
15071:
15070:
15065:
15060:
15059:
15058:
15048:
15043:
15038:
15032:
15030:
15029:Related topics
15026:
15025:
15022:
15021:
15018:
15017:
15014:
15013:
15011:
15010:
15005:
15000:
14995:
14990:
14979:
14973:
14971:
14967:
14966:
14964:
14963:
14958:
14953:
14948:
14943:
14938:
14933:
14928:
14922:
14920:
14916:
14915:
14913:
14912:
14907:
14902:
14897:
14891:
14889:
14885:
14884:
14882:
14881:
14876:
14871:
14865:
14863:
14859:
14858:
14856:
14855:
14850:
14845:
14840:
14835:
14830:
14824:
14822:
14815:
14809:
14808:
14806:
14805:
14799:
14797:
14790:
14784:
14783:
14780:
14779:
14776:
14775:
14773:
14772:
14767:
14762:
14757:
14756:
14755:
14750:
14745:
14740:
14730:
14724:
14722:
14718:
14717:
14715:
14714:
14708:
14706:
14702:
14701:
14699:
14698:
14693:
14688:
14683:
14677:
14675:
14671:
14670:
14668:
14667:
14662:
14657:
14652:
14647:
14646:
14645:
14635:
14630:
14625:
14619:
14617:
14610:
14604:
14603:
14601:
14600:
14593:
14591:
14584:
14578:
14577:
14574:
14573:
14571:
14570:
14565:
14560:
14555:
14550:
14545:
14540:
14535:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14514:
14512:
14506:
14505:
14503:
14502:
14497:
14492:
14487:
14482:
14477:
14471:
14469:
14463:
14462:
14460:
14459:
14454:
14449:
14444:
14438:
14436:
14430:
14429:
14427:
14422:
14417:
14416:
14415:
14410:
14405:
14398:
14388:
14386:
14379:
14375:
14374:
14372:
14371:
14368:
14365:
14364:
14362:
14361:
14356:
14350:
14348:
14343:
14342:
14340:
14339:
14333:
14331:
14326:
14325:
14323:
14322:
14321:
14320:
14308:
14302:
14300:
14293:
14287:
14286:
14284:
14283:
14282:
14281:
14274:
14273:
14272:
14265:
14264:
14263:
14249:
14242:
14241:
14240:
14238:Amazonian Jews
14235:
14214:
14196:
14191:
14183:
14181:
14173:
14172:
14154:
14153:
14146:
14139:
14131:
14123:
14122:
14095:(2): 113–125.
14079:
14056:(2): 151–161.
14050:Genet Mol Biol
14036:
14017:
13998:
13972:
13943:(5): 702–705.
13923:
13896:(6): 824–834.
13879:
13842:(5): 674–680.
13822:
13796:
13773:10.1086/303004
13767:(2): 444–461.
13747:
13721:
13692:
13673:(2): e61–e63.
13653:
13620:10.1086/644532
13614:(6): 787–819.
13594:
13566:
13555:on 6 July 2011
13536:
13468:
13450:
13388:
13377:on 22 May 2014
13352:
13334:(2): 127–132,
13318:
13291:(4): 496–506.
13274:
13248:
13188:
13162:
13118:
13086:
13054:
13024:
12994:
12968:
12936:
12910:
12885:
12879:978-0942257700
12878:
12860:
12853:
12835:
12805:
12771:
12735:
12704:
12682:
12660:
12634:
12608:
12574:
12541:
12511:
12481:
12464:Cmjornal.xl.pt
12451:
12421:
12391:
12360:
12334:
12307:
12281:
12255:
12226:
12200:
12174:
12163:on 31 May 2016
12148:
12122:
12093:
12063:
12026:
11988:
11962:
11941:. p. 53.
11920:
11894:
11864:
11842:
11809:
11790:
11770:
11744:
11718:
11711:
11693:
11666:
11640:
11628:
11609:
11590:
11564:
11538:
11523:. uol.com.br.
11512:
11505:
11485:
11459:
11433:
11407:
11379:
11353:
11327:
11316:on 23 May 2008
11301:
11271:
11245:
11212:
11182:
11134:
11108:
11082:
11036:
11007:
10998:
10972:
10946:
10920:
10890:
10864:
10855:
10842:(1): 173–202.
10822:
10789:
10754:
10723:
10693:
10663:
10637:
10607:
10590:derStandard.at
10576:
10550:
10523:
10514:
10505:
10475:
10440:
10423:Ethnologue.com
10410:
10393:Ethnologue.com
10380:
10350:
10321:
10312:
10279:
10254:
10228:
10202:
10170:
10140:
10114:
10088:
10056:
10033:
10008:
9973:
9938:
9919:
9897:
9886:on 6 July 2011
9871:
9845:
9834:
9812:
9786:
9760:
9734:
9708:
9679:
9644:
9607:
9596:on 28 May 2009
9574:
9565:
9534:
9508:
9475:
9449:
9416:
9397:
9375:
9338:
9308:
9244:
9209:
9183:
9166:Cheflaszlo.com
9149:
9116:
9081:
9048:
9017:
8978:
8948:
8919:
8900:
8880:
8847:
8815:
8783:
8757:
8731:
8698:
8665:
8633:
8598:
8591:
8568:
8533:
8504:
8469:
8460:
8430:
8404:
8387:
8368:
8348:
8336:
8313:10.1086/316931
8287:
8257:
8227:
8189:
8163:
8128:
8091:
8052:
8021:
8014:
7991:
7978:
7907:
7877:
7812:
7775:(5): 674–680.
7755:
7697:
7688:
7662:
7647:(1/2): 51–71.
7624:
7589:
7569:
7555:
7551:20160824185036
7526:
7491:
7487:20160824185122
7462:
7436:
7407:
7394:
7381:
7368:
7355:
7335:
7322:
7308:
7291:
7267:
7251:
7225:
7192:
7166:
7106:
7100:
7057:
7021:
6985:
6955:
6909:
6851:
6816:
6797:
6768:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6698:
6697:
6683:
6667:
6664:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6627:
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6611:
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6607:
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6595:
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6507:
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6475:
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6427:
6424:
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6415:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6383:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6373:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6321:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6199:
6198:
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6189:
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6182:
6179:
6176:
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6150:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6064:
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6026:
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6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6000:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5931:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5860:
5735:
5734:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5715:September 2017
5699:
5697:
5690:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5672:
5662:
5652:
5646:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5618:
5617:
5611:
5605:
5599:
5593:
5587:
5584:Pedras Grandes
5581:
5575:
5543:Santa Catarina
5534:
5531:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5286:Espírito Santo
5282:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5200:Santa Catarina
5196:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5176:
5170:
5164:
5161:Espírito Santo
5158:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5134:
5131:Santa Catarina
5128:
5122:
5119:Rio de Janeiro
5116:
5110:
5104:
5094:
5093:
5085:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5026:
5025:
5019:
5016:Espírito Santo
5013:
5007:
5001:
4998:Rio de Janeiro
4995:
4989:
4983:
4977:
4974:Santa Catarina
4971:
4949:Santa Catarina
4928:
4925:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4887:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4869:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4851:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4833:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4815:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4797:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4779:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4761:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4743:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4725:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4693:
4690:
4651:Gustavo Endres
4616:Robert Scheidt
4519:
4518:Notable people
4516:
4507:Main article:
4504:
4501:
4497:Western Europe
4378:Main article:
4375:
4372:
4347:Main article:
4332:
4329:
4325:Rita Lee Jones
4292:Rio de Janeiro
4219:
4216:
4202:Charles Miller
4146:
4143:
4055:
4052:
4044:"Mūsų Lietuva"
4001:Main article:
3998:
3995:
3979:Main article:
3964:
3961:
3932:Main article:
3929:
3926:
3913:Main article:
3910:
3907:
3879:Santa Catarina
3808:
3805:
3779:Brazilians of
3769:Main article:
3766:
3763:
3751:Main article:
3748:
3745:
3719:In 1818, King
3713:Rio de Janeiro
3697:Main article:
3694:
3691:
3648:Mallet, Paraná
3607:Main article:
3604:
3601:
3578:Santa Catarina
3571:Espírito Santo
3559:Rio de Janeiro
3551:Santa Catarina
3532:Danube Swabian
3528:Dreizehnlinden
3428:About 260,000
3420:city hall, in
3379:
3376:
3348:About 720,000
3335:
3332:
3328:Emilia Romagna
3231:Main article:
3228:
3225:
3184:Rio de Janeiro
3135:Main article:
3132:
3129:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:Main ancestry
3022:
3019:
2997:in 1866, when
2723:Czechoslovakia
2695:Emilia-Romagna
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2606:
2595:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2518:
2511:
2497:Getúlio Vargas
2464:Santa Catarina
2439:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2107:
1898:
1895:
1887:Dutch invasion
1824:Rio de Janeiro
1815:, governor of
1787:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1656:Modesto Brocos
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1567:Rio de Janeiro
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1439:
1434:Rio de Janeiro
1431:
1430:
1423:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
965:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
936:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
907:
906:
903:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
879:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
850:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
821:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
792:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
763:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
734:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
705:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
647:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
618:
617:
614:
611:
606:
599:
592:
587:
582:
577:
508:
507:
504:
500:
499:
496:
492:
491:
488:
484:
483:
480:
473:
472:
469:
456:Rio de Janeiro
388:Main article:
385:
382:
378:Espírito Santo
370:Rio de Janeiro
358:Santa Catarina
280:
279:
222:
221:
217:
216:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
196:Santa Catarina
185:
184:
181:
168:
167:
164:
162:Rio de Janeiro
151:
150:
147:
134:
133:
130:
117:
116:
113:
100:
99:
88:
87:
83:
82:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15953:
15942:
15939:
15937:
15934:
15933:
15931:
15916:
15915:
15906:
15904:
15901:
15899:
15896:
15895:
15892:
15886:
15883:
15881:
15878:
15876:
15873:
15871:
15868:
15866:
15863:
15861:
15858:
15856:
15853:
15851:
15848:
15844:
15841:
15839:
15836:
15834:
15831:
15830:
15828:
15826:
15823:
15821:
15818:
15816:
15813:
15811:
15808:
15806:
15803:
15801:
15798:
15794:
15793:One-drop rule
15791:
15790:
15789:
15786:
15785:
15783:
15781:
15776:
15770:
15767:
15765:
15762:
15760:
15757:
15755:
15752:
15750:
15747:
15743:
15740:
15738:
15735:
15733:
15730:
15728:
15725:
15723:
15720:
15718:
15715:
15713:
15710:
15709:
15708:
15705:
15704:
15702:
15698:
15692:
15689:
15687:
15684:
15682:
15679:
15677:
15674:
15672:
15669:
15667:
15664:
15662:
15659:
15657:
15654:
15652:
15649:
15647:
15644:
15642:
15639:
15637:
15634:
15631:
15627:
15624:
15623:
15621:
15615:
15609:
15606:
15604:
15603:
15599:
15597:
15594:
15592:
15589:
15587:
15584:
15582:
15579:
15577:
15574:
15572:
15569:
15565:
15564:
15560:
15558:
15557:
15553:
15552:
15551:
15550:
15546:
15544:
15543:
15539:
15537:
15534:
15532:
15529:
15528:
15526:
15522:
15512:
15511:
15507:
15505:
15502:
15500:
15499:New Caledonia
15497:
15495:
15494:
15490:
15489:
15487:
15485:
15481:
15475:
15472:
15470:
15469:
15465:
15463:
15460:
15458:
15455:
15453:
15450:
15448:
15445:
15443:
15442:
15438:
15436:
15433:
15431:
15428:
15426:
15425:
15421:
15420:
15418:
15416:
15415:South America
15412:
15406:
15403:
15399:
15396:
15394:
15393:
15389:
15385:
15382:
15381:
15380:
15379:
15375:
15373:
15372:
15368:
15366:
15363:
15359:
15358:San Francisco
15356:
15354:
15351:
15350:
15349:
15348:
15344:
15343:
15342:
15341:
15340:United States
15337:
15335:
15332:
15330:
15327:
15325:
15322:
15320:
15317:
15315:
15312:
15310:
15307:
15305:
15302:
15300:
15297:
15295:
15292:
15290:
15287:
15285:
15284:
15280:
15278:
15277:
15273:
15271:
15268:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15260:
15256:
15254:
15251:
15249:
15246:
15244:
15241:
15240:
15238:
15236:North America
15234:
15228:
15225:
15224:
15222:
15218:
15212:
15209:
15207:
15204:
15202:
15199:
15197:
15194:
15192:
15189:
15187:
15184:
15182:
15179:
15177:
15174:
15172:
15169:
15167:
15164:
15162:
15159:
15157:
15154:
15152:
15149:
15148:
15146:
15144:
15140:
15137:
15133:
15129:
15122:
15119:
15118:
15115:
15111:
15104:
15099:
15097:
15092:
15090:
15085:
15084:
15081:
15069:
15066:
15064:
15061:
15057:
15054:
15053:
15052:
15049:
15047:
15044:
15042:
15039:
15037:
15034:
15033:
15031:
15027:
15009:
15008:Luxembourgian
15006:
15004:
15001:
14999:
14996:
14994:
14991:
14988:
14984:
14980:
14978:
14975:
14974:
14972:
14968:
14962:
14959:
14957:
14954:
14952:
14949:
14947:
14944:
14942:
14939:
14937:
14934:
14932:
14929:
14927:
14924:
14923:
14921:
14917:
14911:
14908:
14906:
14903:
14901:
14898:
14896:
14893:
14892:
14890:
14886:
14880:
14877:
14875:
14872:
14870:
14867:
14866:
14864:
14860:
14854:
14851:
14849:
14846:
14844:
14841:
14839:
14836:
14834:
14831:
14829:
14826:
14825:
14823:
14819:
14816:
14810:
14804:
14801:
14800:
14798:
14794:
14791:
14789:
14785:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14763:
14761:
14758:
14754:
14751:
14749:
14746:
14744:
14741:
14739:
14736:
14735:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14725:
14723:
14719:
14713:
14710:
14709:
14707:
14703:
14697:
14694:
14692:
14689:
14687:
14684:
14682:
14679:
14678:
14676:
14672:
14666:
14663:
14661:
14658:
14656:
14653:
14651:
14648:
14644:
14641:
14640:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14620:
14618:
14614:
14611:
14605:
14598:
14595:
14594:
14592:
14588:
14585:
14583:
14579:
14569:
14566:
14564:
14561:
14559:
14556:
14554:
14551:
14549:
14546:
14544:
14541:
14539:
14536:
14534:
14531:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14515:
14513:
14511:
14510:South America
14507:
14501:
14498:
14496:
14493:
14491:
14488:
14486:
14483:
14481:
14478:
14476:
14473:
14472:
14470:
14468:
14464:
14458:
14455:
14453:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14443:
14440:
14439:
14437:
14435:
14431:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14414:
14411:
14409:
14406:
14404:
14403:
14399:
14397:
14394:
14393:
14392:
14389:
14387:
14385:North America
14383:
14380:
14376:
14370:
14369:
14360:
14357:
14355:
14352:
14351:
14349:
14344:
14338:
14335:
14334:
14332:
14327:
14319:
14316:
14315:
14314:
14313:
14309:
14307:
14304:
14303:
14301:
14297:
14294:
14292:
14288:
14280:
14279:
14275:
14271:
14270:
14266:
14262:
14261:
14257:
14256:
14255:
14254:
14250:
14248:
14247:
14243:
14239:
14236:
14234:
14233:
14229:
14228:
14227:
14226:
14222:
14221:
14220:
14219:
14215:
14213:
14212:
14208:
14207:
14206:
14205:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14189:
14185:
14184:
14182:
14178:
14174:
14170:
14166:
14152:
14147:
14145:
14140:
14138:
14133:
14132:
14129:
14118:
14114:
14110:
14106:
14102:
14098:
14094:
14090:
14089:Ann Hum Genet
14083:
14074:
14069:
14064:
14059:
14055:
14051:
14047:
14040:
14032:
14028:
14021:
14013:
14009:
14002:
13986:
13982:
13976:
13968:
13964:
13960:
13956:
13951:
13946:
13942:
13938:
13934:
13927:
13919:
13915:
13911:
13907:
13903:
13899:
13895:
13891:
13883:
13875:
13871:
13867:
13863:
13858:
13857:11368/2837176
13853:
13849:
13845:
13841:
13837:
13829:
13827:
13810:
13806:
13800:
13792:
13788:
13783:
13778:
13774:
13770:
13766:
13762:
13758:
13751:
13736:on 2 May 2012
13735:
13731:
13725:
13709:
13705:
13704:
13696:
13688:
13684:
13680:
13676:
13672:
13668:
13665:population".
13660:
13658:
13641:
13637:
13633:
13629:
13625:
13621:
13617:
13613:
13609:
13605:
13598:
13579:
13573:
13571:
13554:
13550:
13546:
13540:
13524:
13520:
13516:
13512:
13508:
13503:
13498:
13495:(2): 187–92.
13494:
13490:
13486:
13479:
13477:
13475:
13473:
13464:
13460:
13454:
13446:
13442:
13437:
13432:
13427:
13422:
13418:
13414:
13411:(1): 177–82.
13410:
13406:
13402:
13395:
13393:
13373:
13366:
13359:
13357:
13349:
13345:
13341:
13337:
13333:
13329:
13322:
13314:
13310:
13306:
13302:
13298:
13294:
13290:
13286:
13278:
13262:
13258:
13252:
13244:
13240:
13236:
13232:
13227:
13222:
13217:
13212:
13208:
13204:
13203:PLOS Genetics
13200:
13192:
13176:
13172:
13166:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13136:
13132:
13125:
13123:
13103:
13096:
13090:
13071:
13064:
13058:
13042:
13038:
13034:
13028:
13012:
13008:
13004:
12998:
12982:
12978:
12972:
12953:
12946:
12940:
12924:
12920:
12919:"2010 Census"
12914:
12899:
12895:
12889:
12881:
12875:
12871:
12864:
12856:
12854:9780047960420
12850:
12846:
12839:
12823:
12819:
12815:
12809:
12793:
12789:
12785:
12781:
12775:
12768:
12756:
12752:
12751:
12746:
12739:
12723:
12719:
12715:
12708:
12700:
12696:
12692:
12686:
12678:
12674:
12670:
12664:
12648:
12644:
12638:
12622:
12618:
12612:
12596:
12592:
12588:
12584:
12578:
12562:
12558:
12557:
12552:
12545:
12529:
12525:
12521:
12515:
12499:
12495:
12491:
12485:
12469:
12465:
12461:
12455:
12439:
12435:
12431:
12425:
12409:
12405:
12401:
12395:
12379:
12375:
12371:
12364:
12348:
12344:
12338:
12322:
12318:
12311:
12295:
12291:
12285:
12269:
12265:
12259:
12243:
12239:
12236:
12230:
12214:
12210:
12204:
12188:
12184:
12178:
12162:
12158:
12152:
12136:
12132:
12126:
12110:
12106:
12105:
12097:
12081:
12077:
12073:
12067:
12048:
12041:
12035:
12033:
12031:
12014:
12010:
12006:
11999:
11997:
11995:
11993:
11976:
11972:
11966:
11959:
11944:
11940:
11939:
11931:
11924:
11908:
11904:
11898:
11882:
11878:
11874:
11868:
11861:
11857:
11854:
11853:
11846:
11830:
11826:
11822:
11821:
11813:
11797:
11793:
11791:9780857454676
11787:
11783:
11782:
11774:
11758:
11754:
11748:
11732:
11728:
11722:
11714:
11708:
11704:
11697:
11681:
11677:
11670:
11654:
11650:
11644:
11635:
11633:
11616:
11612:
11610:9788535242560
11606:
11602:
11601:
11594:
11578:
11574:
11568:
11552:
11548:
11542:
11526:
11522:
11516:
11508:
11502:
11498:
11497:
11489:
11473:
11469:
11463:
11447:
11443:
11437:
11421:
11417:
11411:
11395:
11391:
11390:
11383:
11367:
11363:
11357:
11341:
11337:
11331:
11315:
11311:
11305:
11289:
11285:
11281:
11275:
11259:
11255:
11249:
11233:
11229:
11225:
11219:
11217:
11200:
11196:
11192:
11186:
11179:
11167:
11162:
11157:
11153:
11149:
11145:
11138:
11122:
11118:
11112:
11096:
11092:
11086:
11078:
11072:
11053:
11046:
11040:
11033:
11021:
11017:
11011:
11002:
10986:
10982:
10976:
10960:
10956:
10950:
10934:
10930:
10924:
10908:
10904:
10900:
10894:
10878:
10874:
10868:
10859:
10850:
10845:
10841:
10837:
10833:
10826:
10817:
10812:
10808:
10804:
10800:
10793:
10777:
10773:
10769:
10765:
10758:
10742:
10738:
10734:
10727:
10711:
10707:
10703:
10697:
10681:
10677:
10673:
10667:
10651:
10647:
10641:
10625:
10621:
10617:
10611:
10595:
10591:
10587:
10580:
10564:
10560:
10554:
10546:
10542:
10538:
10534:
10527:
10518:
10509:
10493:
10489:
10488:Lume.ufrgs.br
10485:
10479:
10463:
10459:
10455:
10449:
10447:
10445:
10428:
10424:
10420:
10414:
10398:
10394:
10390:
10384:
10368:
10364:
10360:
10354:
10338:
10334:
10328:
10326:
10316:
10300:
10296:
10292:
10291:
10283:
10275:
10269:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10242:
10238:
10232:
10216:
10212:
10206:
10187:
10180:
10174:
10158:
10154:
10153:Brasil.gov.br
10150:
10144:
10128:
10124:
10118:
10102:
10098:
10092:
10073:
10066:
10060:
10045:
10044:
10037:
10022:
10018:
10012:
9996:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9977:
9961:
9957:
9953:
9949:
9942:
9926:
9922:
9916:
9912:
9908:
9901:
9885:
9881:
9875:
9859:
9855:
9849:
9843:
9838:
9822:
9816:
9800:
9796:
9790:
9774:
9770:
9764:
9748:
9744:
9738:
9722:
9718:
9712:
9696:
9692:
9686:
9684:
9667:
9663:
9659:
9653:
9651:
9649:
9632:
9628:
9624:
9618:
9616:
9614:
9612:
9595:
9591:
9587:
9581:
9579:
9569:
9553:
9549:
9543:
9541:
9539:
9522:
9518:
9512:
9496:
9492:
9486:
9484:
9482:
9480:
9463:
9459:
9453:
9437:
9433:
9429:
9423:
9421:
9404:
9400:
9398:9788574750231
9394:
9390:
9389:
9382:
9380:
9363:
9359:
9355:
9351:
9345:
9343:
9331:
9327:
9326:Cchla.ufpb.br
9319:
9312:
9304:
9298:
9279:
9275:
9268:
9261:
9259:
9257:
9255:
9253:
9251:
9249:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9226:
9224:
9222:
9220:
9218:
9216:
9214:
9197:
9193:
9187:
9171:
9167:
9163:
9156:
9154:
9137:
9133:
9129:
9123:
9121:
9104:
9100:
9094:
9092:
9090:
9088:
9086:
9069:
9065:
9061:
9055:
9053:
9036:
9032:
9026:
9024:
9022:
9005:
9001:
8995:
8993:
8991:
8989:
8987:
8985:
8983:
8971:
8967:
8966:Cchla.ufpb.br
8959:
8952:
8936:
8932:
8926:
8924:
8907:
8903:
8897:
8893:
8892:
8884:
8865:
8858:
8851:
8832:
8825:
8819:
8800:
8793:
8787:
8771:
8767:
8761:
8745:
8741:
8735:
8726:
8721:
8718:(1): 95–131.
8717:
8713:
8709:
8702:
8693:
8688:
8685:(77): 47–62.
8684:
8680:
8676:
8669:
8650:
8643:
8637:
8618:
8611:
8605:
8603:
8594:
8588:
8584:
8577:
8575:
8573:
8556:
8552:
8548:
8544:
8537:
8530:
8524:
8520:
8517:
8513:
8508:
8492:
8489:(12): 53–78.
8488:
8484:
8480:
8473:
8464:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8434:
8418:
8414:
8408:
8402:
8396:
8394:
8392:
8375:
8371:
8369:9788523706333
8365:
8361:
8360:
8352:
8343:
8341:
8332:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8314:
8310:
8306:
8302:
8298:
8291:
8275:
8271:
8270:Lume.ufrgs.br
8267:
8261:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8231:
8224:
8207:
8200:
8193:
8177:
8173:
8167:
8151:
8147:
8143:
8137:
8135:
8133:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8102:
8100:
8098:
8096:
8079:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8063:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8040:
8036:
8034:
8025:
8017:
8015:0-521-36585-6
8011:
8007:
8006:
7998:
7996:
7988:
7982:
7974:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7946:
7942:
7939:(2): e17063.
7938:
7934:
7930:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7895:
7891:
7887:
7881:
7873:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7838:(9): e75145.
7837:
7833:
7829:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7791:
7790:11368/2837176
7786:
7782:
7778:
7774:
7770:
7762:
7760:
7750:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7706:
7704:
7702:
7692:
7676:
7672:
7666:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7631:
7629:
7609:
7602:
7596:
7594:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7552:
7540:
7536:
7530:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7495:
7488:
7476:
7472:
7466:
7450:
7446:
7440:
7424:
7420:
7414:
7412:
7404:
7398:
7391:
7385:
7378:
7372:
7365:
7359:
7352:
7348:
7342:
7340:
7332:
7326:
7318:
7312:
7301:
7295:
7284:
7277:
7271:
7263:
7262:
7255:
7239:
7235:
7229:
7213:
7209:
7208:
7203:
7196:
7180:
7176:
7170:
7161:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7126:(1): 177–82.
7125:
7121:
7117:
7110:
7103:
7101:0-691-11866-3
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7078:
7076:
7074:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7042:
7038:
7031:
7025:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6990:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6959:
6951:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6905:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6855:
6848:
6836:
6835:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6809:
6806:
6801:
6785:
6781:
6775:
6773:
6757:
6753:
6747:
6743:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6694:Europe portal
6684:
6681:
6680:Brazil portal
6670:
6663:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6640:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6530:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6482:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6437:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6087:
6083:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6006:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5737:
5731:
5718:
5707:
5705:
5700:This section
5698:
5689:
5688:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5578:Leoberto Leal
5576:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5559:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5527:
5526:Florianópolis
5523:
5516:
5512:
5505:
5501:
5494:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5059:: 21.4% white
5058:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5040:, notably in
5039:
5035:
5031:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4970:: 78.4% white
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4938:
4933:
4922:(2010 census)
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4897:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4682:Roland Garros
4679:
4676:and three at
4675:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4663:Murilo Endres
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4645:in 2013. The
4644:
4640:
4639:Oscar Schmidt
4636:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4593:Xuxa Meneghel
4590:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4470:New Amsterdam
4467:
4463:
4459:
4456:, located in
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4426:Sephardi Jews
4423:
4419:
4411:
4406:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4342:
4337:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4296:Norris Colony
4293:
4289:
4285:
4280:
4278:
4277:Pedro II
4275:
4271:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4225:
4215:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4196:proceeded to
4194:
4190:
4185:
4183:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4151:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4084:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4060:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4028:
4027:populations.
4026:
4021:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3974:
3969:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3916:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3897:– 1889), and
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3760:
3759:Luxembourgian
3754:
3747:Luxembourgers
3744:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3709:Nova Friburgo
3705:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3661:
3660:Austrian rule
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3491:(part of the
3490:
3489:Luxembourgish
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3363:and 23% from
3362:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3302:or Veneto in
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3239:
3234:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3188:urban centers
3185:
3181:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Dom Feliciano
3103:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:Prudentópolis
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2879:Caxias do Sul
2875:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:Volga Germans
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2816:Novo Hamburgo
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:), Latvians,
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2651:Novo Hamburgo
2647:
2632:
2619:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2524:Caxias do Sul
2521:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2480:acculturation
2476:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2444:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2150:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2024:Nova Friburgo
2021:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1935:(circa 1890).
1934:
1930:
1929:Immigrant Inn
1925:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1880:Darcy Ribeiro
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1836:New Amsterdam
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1501:
1496:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1468:
1459:
1454:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:miscegenation
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
966:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:Race or Color
909:
908:
904:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
880:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
822:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
764:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
706:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
677:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
648:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
600:
598:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:Race or Color
575:
574:
568:
565:
561:
559:
555:
550:
545:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
479:
474:
470:
467:
466:
460:
457:
453:
452:Latin America
449:
448:one drop rule
445:
444:United States
438:
433:
427:
422:
416:
412:
408:
401:
396:
391:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:(64.6%), and
363:
359:
355:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
316:
314:
310:
305:
301:
297:
293:
286:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
243:2.9%, Other (
242:
238:
234:
233:Protestantism
228:
223:
218:
215:
214:
208:
203:
199:
197:
192:
186:
182:
180:
175:
169:
165:
163:
158:
152:
148:
146:
141:
135:
131:
129:
124:
118:
114:
112:
107:
101:
98:
94:
89:
84:
73:
69:
60:
55:
48:
43:
40:
30:
19:
15912:
15855:White ethnic
15769:White monkey
15676:White savior
15646:White flight
15626:Acting white
15617:Sociological
15600:
15561:
15556:Peninsulares
15554:
15547:
15540:
15508:
15491:
15466:
15439:
15434:
15422:
15390:
15376:
15369:
15345:
15338:
15281:
15274:
15257:
15196:South Africa
15120:
15110:White people
15041:Colonization
14910:Scandinavian
14802:
14796:By ethnicity
14686:East Indians
14643:in São Paulo
14599:(East Asian)
14590:By ethnicity
14402:Confederados
14400:
14329:West Africa
14310:
14299:By ethnicity
14276:
14268:
14259:
14252:
14245:
14230:
14223:
14217:
14210:
14202:
14186:
14092:
14088:
14082:
14053:
14049:
14039:
14030:
14027:Braz J Genet
14026:
14020:
14011:
14008:Interciência
14007:
14001:
13989:. Retrieved
13985:the original
13975:
13940:
13936:
13926:
13893:
13889:
13882:
13839:
13835:
13813:. Retrieved
13809:the original
13799:
13764:
13760:
13750:
13738:. Retrieved
13734:the original
13724:
13712:. Retrieved
13702:
13695:
13670:
13666:
13644:. Retrieved
13611:
13607:
13597:
13585:. Retrieved
13557:. Retrieved
13553:the original
13548:
13539:
13529:13 September
13527:. Retrieved
13492:
13488:
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9993:(2): 17–37.
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8307:(1): 281–6.
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7207:The Guardian
7205:
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6837:. p. 53
6832:
6819:
6800:
6788:. Retrieved
6759:. Retrieved
6755:
6746:
6659:
6656:
6650:
6646:
6631:South Region
6567:North Region
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6536:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6419:South Region
6355:North Region
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6324:
6309:South Region
6245:North Region
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6214:
6209:
6205:
6202:
6187:South Region
6123:North Region
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6091:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6004:
5939:
5938:Sérgio Pena
5856:
5855:Sérgio Pena
5853:Porto Alegre
5832:
5823:Porto Alegre
5820:
5809:
5785:
5769:Y Chromosome
5762:
5758:Y chromosome
5750:Y chromosome
5743:
5712:
5701:
5619:
5608:São Martinho
5596:Santa Tereza
5566:
5562:
5555:
5536:
5299:Minas Gerais
5107:Minas Gerais
5095:
5027:
5004:Minas Gerais
4942:
4911:
4881:
4863:
4845:
4827:
4809:
4791:
4773:
4755:
4737:
4719:
4668:Among women
4667:
4659:André Heller
4624:
4608:Ayrton Senna
4601:
4597:
4591:
4571:
4552:
4524:
4521:
4512:
4490:
4482:
4478:
4450:Dutch Brazil
4415:
4352:
4313:
4300:Confederados
4295:
4281:
4267:
4243:
4228:Confederados
4186:
4178:
4131:architecture
4117:
4113:
4109:Baltic Finns
4103:minority of
4090:
4081:Main pages:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4029:
4018:
3984:
3937:
3918:
3872:
3860:Ponta Grossa
3843:
3836:
3827:De immigrant
3826:
3794:
3756:
3718:
3679:Polish music
3665:The city of
3664:
3645:
3627:
3594:
3590:
3575:
3563:Minas Gerais
3540:
3519:dialect and
3507:, spoken by
3505:Plautdietsch
3496:
3470:
3447:
3435:
3427:
3409:
3408:Inscription
3369:
3358:
3347:
3285:
3282:
3275:
3271:Minas Gerais
3244:
3221:
3213:
3177:
3174:
3167:
3122:
3087:Treze Tílias
2954:
2915:Treze Tílias
2902:
2901:is known as
2899:Hunsrückisch
2898:
2892:
2847:
2832:
2828:São Leopoldo
2811:
2796:
2715:Baltic Finns
2660:
2600:arriving in
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2131:semi-slavery
2127:
2119:
2100:
2072:
2052:
2028:
2017:
2005:São Leopoldo
1997:
1985:
1981:
1962:
1884:
1865:
1862:
1855:
1851:zona da mata
1849:
1843:
1821:
1792:Dutch Brazil
1723:Central-West
1665:
1661:
1629:
1572:
1417:
1398:
1370:
1366:Minas Gerais
1354:
1349:Minas Gerais
1318:
1315:
1290:
1282:
1280:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1230:
1228:
905:203,080,756
877:190,755,799
848:169,872,856
819:146,815,796
790:119,011,052
579:
566:
562:
546:
538:
526:South Africa
515:
511:
477:
441:
376:(42.4%) and
351:
347:
324:
317:
291:
290:
210:
145:Minas Gerais
93:South Region
67:
38:
32:Ethnic group
29:
27:Ethnic group
15880:White pride
15742:White trash
15727:Poor Whites
15651:White guilt
15510:New Zealand
15398:Puerto Rico
15353:Los Angeles
15299:El Salvador
15135:by location
15056:from Europe
15051:Immigration
15046:Slave trade
14812:By country
14748:Palestinian
14681:Bangladeshi
14607:By country
14475:Costa Rican
14312:quilombolas
14073:10183/23366
13714:28 November
13646:28 November
13135:Revista USP
13007:ibge.gov.br
12818:Espn.go.com
12761:6 September
12653:13 February
12627:10 February
12504:11 November
12490:"Biografia"
12444:10 February
12414:10 February
12384:28 November
12115:28 November
11952:11 November
11835:28 November
11468:"Oscar Cox"
11061:11 February
10903:Vanhoni.com
10782:28 November
10747:28 November
10656:5 September
10305:28 November
10001:28 November
9966:28 November
9958:: 149–168.
9662:Vanhoni.com
9600:25 December
9442:22 December
9074:22 December
8912:20 December
8561:28 November
8497:28 November
8380:25 December
7519:28 November
7419:"IBGE teen"
7037:Ibge.gov.br
7030:"PNAD 2006"
6872:(1): 5388.
5816:Veranópolis
5390:Mato Grosso
5276:55,0%* (in
5181:: 1,084,418
5175:: 1,157,000
5169:: 1,179,000
5167:Mato Grosso
5163:: 1,835,000
5157:: 2,618,000
5151:: 2,864,000
5145:: 2,883,000
5139:: 3,151,550
5133:: 5,297,900
5127:: 7,620,982
5121:: 8,513,778
5115:: 8,973,928
5109:: 9,019,164
4707:Population
4635:César Cielo
4612:Formula One
4442:Crypto Jews
4388:The oldest
4211:Bertha Lutz
3883:Porto Feliz
3864:Castrolanda
3741:Neufreiburg
3733:Switzerland
3439:arable land
3033:Nova Veneza
3027:Percentage
2991:Nova Veneza
2961:, historic
2947:Nova Trento
2864:Bandeirante
2780:Pomeranians
2639: 1890
2504:Estado Novo
2152:Nationality
2106:population;
2075:oligarchies
1832:New Holland
1826:, 1555–60;
1685:Amerindian
1330:São Vicente
761:70,191,370
732:51,944,397
703:41,236,315
674:14,333,915
471:Percentage
72:2022 census
15930:Categories
15843:Quebeckers
15829:Old Stock
15608:White gods
15347:California
15276:Costa Rica
15063:Emigration
14951:Portuguese
14946:Macedonian
14905:Lithuanian
14869:Belarusian
14665:Vietnamese
14633:Indonesian
14568:Venezuelan
14558:Surinamese
14548:Paraguayan
14538:Ecuadorian
14500:Salvadoran
14495:Panamanian
14490:Nicaraguan
14480:Guatemalan
14199:Mixed-race
14188:Brazilians
14033:: 311–315.
14014:: 221–227.
13815:23 January
13740:23 January
13706:(Thesis).
13559:23 January
13267:11 January
13181:23 January
13017:15 January
12987:23 January
12961:23 January
12903:11 January
12798:10 January
12107:(Thesis).
11981:15 January
11712:1585441023
11686:18 January
11478:10 January
11172:4 November
10965:23 January
10433:11 January
10403:11 January
10363:Olivet.edu
10267:Ethnologue
10221:23 January
10195:11 January
9864:13 October
9727:8 November
9637:23 January
9432:State.gov/
9132:Mfa.gov.hu
8547:Intertem@s
8250:23 January
8215:15 January
7900:13 January
7455:24 January
7392:. p. XVIII
7218:23 January
6814:, page 148
6761:11 January
6738:References
6018:Amerindian
5950:Amerindian
5867:Amerindian
5649:Caapiranga
5338:Pernambuco
5137:Pernambuco
5034:Amerindian
4886:88,252,121
4868:91,051,646
4850:91,298,042
4832:75,704,927
4814:64,540,467
4796:42,838,639
4778:32,027,661
4760:26,171,778
4692:Demography
4569:, Brazil.
4257:, Juquiá,
4093:Hungarians
4020:Lithuanian
3889:– 1888),
3847:metropoles
3839:Pernambuco
3797:Ukrainians
3765:Ukrainians
3567:Pernambuco
3536:Guarapuava
3521:Vorarlberg
3509:Mennonites
3454:Ethnologue
3292:Ethnologue
3255:immigrants
3197:warehouses
3164:, in 1887.
3146:Portuguese
3131:Portuguese
3018:Town name
2981:under the
2883:Portuguese
2771:Norwegians
2747:Bulgarians
2743:Slovenians
2703:Basilicata
2626:Immigrants
2554:Portuguese
2302:Portuguese
2055:positivism
2032:Portuguese
1341:Ouro Preto
1322:Pernambuco
891:20,656,458
888:92,083,286
885:88,252,121
862:14,517,961
859:82,277,333
856:91,051,646
833:10,554,336
830:65,318,092
827:91,298,042
801:62,316,064
798:75,704,927
772:46,233,531
769:64,540,467
743:20,706,431
740:42,838,639
714:13,786,742
711:32,027,661
682:26,171,778
645:9,930,478
541:Portuguese
534:skin color
320:Portuguese
315:ancestry.
296:Portuguese
237:Irreligion
231:Minority:
225:Majority:
213:Portuguese
115:25,661,895
68:88,252,121
15838:Canadians
15833:Americans
15800:Alt-right
15717:Hillbilly
15531:Apartheid
15493:Australia
15474:Venezuela
15424:Argentina
15384:Baltimore
15371:Louisiana
15304:Guatemala
15265:Caribbean
14981:British (
14926:Bulgarian
14879:Ukrainian
14843:Hungarian
14814:or region
14691:Pakistani
14655:Malaysian
14609:or region
14563:Uruguayan
14533:Colombian
14518:Argentine
14442:Barbadian
14434:Caribbean
14408:New Texas
14396:Americana
14359:Congolese
14232:mamelucos
13991:19 August
13587:19 August
13519:205301927
12728:19 August
12601:22 August
12327:5 October
12248:19 August
11763:5 January
11737:5 January
11372:24 August
10991:30 August
10569:11 August
10498:21 August
10468:21 August
10419:"Hunsrik"
10081:25 August
10049:25 August
10026:19 August
9890:19 August
9805:9 October
9358:1981-6677
9002:. Abril.
8808:12 August
8585:. EdUSP.
8453:19 August
8033:A Tribuna
7429:19 August
7379:. p. xxi.
7050:19 August
6024:European
5956:European
5936:Fortaleza
5873:European
5835:Fortaleza
5792:Northeast
5655:Fonte Boa
5239:São Paulo
5101:São Paulo
5038:Northeast
4986:São Paulo
4961:São Paulo
4920:Southeast
4742:6,302,198
4724:3,787,289
4678:Wimbledon
4567:Sao Paulo
4528:Petrobrás
4422:Ashkenazi
4410:São Paulo
4390:synagogue
4341:São Paulo
4263:São Paulo
4259:New Texas
4247:Americana
4238:Americana
4206:São Paulo
4198:São Paulo
4193:Oscar Cox
4155:São Paulo
4064:São Paulo
4013:São Paulo
3973:São Paulo
3903:São Paulo
3895:São Paulo
3887:São Paulo
3881:– 1845),
3825:Windmill
3781:Ukrainian
3727:from the
3641:passports
3620:house in
3543:São Paulo
3361:Andalusia
3354:São Paulo
3350:Spaniards
3334:Spaniards
3267:São Paulo
3263:Southeast
3180:São Paulo
3077:Ukrainian
2955:trentinos
2844:continuum
2820:Garibaldi
2810:known as
2792:Andorrans
2755:Georgians
2751:Albanians
2739:Croatians
2731:Armenians
2707:Galicians
2602:São Paulo
2596:Group of
2539:Ukrainian
2522:girls in
2405:1,006,617
2215:Spaniards
2181:1955-1959
2178:1950-1954
2175:1945-1949
2172:1924-1933
2169:1914-1923
2166:1904-1913
2163:1894-1903
2160:1884-1893
2079:Argentina
2068:imaginary
2040:Spaniards
2038:, 13.38%
2034:, 30.32%
2009:Joinville
1989:Andalusia
1965:São Paulo
1933:São Paulo
1917:São Paulo
1739:Southeast
1707:Northeast
1679:European
1646:Painting
900:1,227,642
868:2,084,288
845:1,206,675
804:7,335,136
775:7,046,906
746:6,116,848
717:5,692,657
688:6,035,869
685:8,744,365
662:1,295,795
659:2,097,426
656:4,638,496
653:6,302,198
630:1,954,452
627:3,801,782
624:3,787,289
476:European
437:São Paulo
398:Brazil's
366:São Paulo
360:(78.0%),
356:(78.4%),
241:Spiritism
205:Languages
200:5,971,000
183:7,591,000
166:7,828,000
149:8,937,000
132:9,251,000
111:São Paulo
15737:Rednecks
15563:Criollos
15462:Suriname
15452:Paraguay
15447:Colombia
15378:Maryland
15314:Honduras
15289:Dominica
15248:Barbados
15227:Pakistan
15211:Zimbabwe
15161:Botswana
14987:Scottish
14956:Romanian
14931:Croatian
14919:Southern
14895:Estonian
14888:Northern
14828:Austrian
14743:Lebanese
14728:Armenian
14674:Southern
14638:Japanese
14628:Filipino
14553:Peruvian
14543:Guyanese
14523:Bolivian
14485:Honduran
14457:Jamaican
14420:Canadian
14378:Americas
14337:Nigerian
14260:caiçaras
14225:caboclos
14204:mestiços
13967:10103856
13959:16917899
13918:34610130
13910:14595874
13874:25051722
13866:25820814
13791:10873790
13708:Archived
13687:20129458
13640:Archived
13628:20614657
13523:Archived
13511:19639555
13445:12509516
13305:15981186
13243:11046719
13235:25254375
13149:Archived
13070:Archived
13047:29 March
13041:Archived
13011:Archived
12981:Archived
12923:Archived
12822:Archived
12755:Archived
12718:Fifa.com
12647:Archived
12621:Archived
12595:Archived
12561:Archived
12528:Archived
12498:Archived
12468:Archived
12438:Archived
12408:Archived
12378:Archived
12321:Archived
12300:10 April
12294:Archived
12274:10 April
12268:Archived
12242:Archived
12219:20 April
12187:Archived
12135:Archived
12109:Archived
12086:20 April
12080:Archived
12047:Archived
12019:20 April
12013:Archived
11975:Archived
11973:. 2000.
11943:Archived
11913:11 April
11907:Archived
11905:. ibge.
11887:17 April
11881:Archived
11856:Archived
11829:Archived
11796:Archived
11757:Archived
11731:Archived
11680:Archived
11659:13 April
11653:Archived
11621:11 April
11615:Archived
11583:11 April
11577:Archived
11525:Archived
11452:10 April
11446:Archived
11426:10 April
11420:Archived
11400:10 April
11394:Archived
11288:Archived
11264:2 August
11232:Archived
11205:21 April
11166:Archived
11121:Archived
11071:cite web
11020:Archived
10933:Archived
10877:Archived
10875:. IBGE.
10776:Archived
10741:Archived
10710:Archived
10680:Archived
10650:Archived
10630:4 August
10624:Archived
10600:4 August
10594:Archived
10563:Archived
10545:40505042
10492:Archived
10462:Archived
10427:Archived
10397:Archived
10389:"Brazil"
10373:29 March
10367:Archived
10337:Archived
10299:Archived
10262:Venetian
10247:11 April
10241:Archived
10239:. ibge.
10157:Archived
10072:Archived
9995:Archived
9960:Archived
9925:Archived
9747:Archived
9745:. IBGE.
9721:Archived
9695:Archived
9631:Archived
9558:11 April
9552:Archived
9550:. ibge.
9527:11 April
9521:Archived
9519:. ibge.
9501:11 April
9495:Archived
9493:. ibge.
9468:11 April
9462:Archived
9460:. ibge.
9436:Archived
9409:10 April
9403:Archived
9368:11 April
9362:Archived
9297:cite web
9202:11 April
9196:Archived
9194:. ibge.
9109:11 April
9103:Archived
9101:. ibge.
9068:Archived
9066:. 2013.
9035:Archived
9004:Archived
8941:11 April
8935:Archived
8933:. ibge.
8906:Archived
8864:Archived
8744:Archived
8649:Archived
8617:Archived
8555:Archived
8525:Art. 25
8519:Archived
8491:Archived
8447:Archived
8417:Archived
8374:Archived
8331:11090340
8274:Archived
8244:Archived
8206:Archived
8176:Archived
8150:Archived
8121:18 April
8115:Archived
8078:Archived
8039:Archived
7973:21359226
7933:PLOS ONE
7894:Archived
7872:24073242
7832:PLOS ONE
7807:25051722
7799:25820814
7675:Archived
7649:Archived
7608:Archived
7539:Archived
7537:. IBGE.
7513:Archived
7475:Archived
7473:. IBGE.
7449:Archived
7447:. IBGE.
7238:Archived
7212:Archived
7179:Archived
7160:12509516
7005:Archived
7003:. IPEA.
6972:Archived
6950:19738982
6904:30568240
6808:Archived
6790:17 April
6784:Archived
6666:See also
6550:European
6456:European
6338:European
6228:European
6106:European
5773:maternal
5765:paternal
5704:too long
5676:Maranhão
5669:Amazonas
5659:Amazonas
5637:Uiramutã
5602:Cunhataí
5572:Montauri
5468:Amazonas
5403:Maranhão
5088:Source:
5081:Amazonas
5048:, where
5046:Maranhão
5024:: 36.2%.
4927:By state
4563:Facebook
4446:Converso
4394:Americas
4355:Lebanese
4309:American
4251:Campinas
4101:Estonian
4075:Itatiaia
3963:Russians
3947:, Queen
3899:Botucatu
3868:Carambeí
3856:Holambra
3789:Curitiba
3667:Curitiba
3481:Pomerode
3418:Blumenau
3398:Blumenau
3316:Calabria
3312:Lombardy
3308:Campania
3247:Italians
3227:Italians
3217:endogamy
3203:to live
3095:Austrian
3051:Pomerode
2919:Azoreans
2911:Pomerode
2895:Austrian
2856:Carambeí
2800:Hunsrück
2763:Belgians
2711:Catalans
2687:Piedmont
2679:Calabria
2671:Campania
2667:Lombardy
2598:Italians
2460:Pomerode
2448:Curitiba
2323:123,082
2273:Japanese
2244:Italians
2059:eugenics
2046:, 4.18%
2044:Japanese
2042:, 4.63%
2036:Italians
2013:Blumenau
1977:Calabria
1973:Campania
1945:Blumenau
1828:Maranhão
1682:African
1652:Galician
1405:convents
1401:celibate
1339:View of
925:Amarelos
922:Caboclos
468:Ancestry
415:Holambra
327:Portugal
309:European
264:Buddhism
220:Religion
15914:Commons
15732:Redlegs
15484:Oceania
15468:Uruguay
15430:Bolivia
15319:Jamaica
15253:Bermuda
15243:Bahamas
15201:Tunisia
15191:Reunion
15186:Namibia
15181:Morocco
15151:Algeria
14983:English
14977:Belgian
14970:Western
14961:Spanish
14941:Italian
14900:Latvian
14874:Russian
14862:Eastern
14821:Central
14770:Turkish
14760:Iranian
14721:Western
14705:Central
14623:Chinese
14616:Eastern
14528:Chilean
14452:Haitian
14425:Mexican
14354:Angolan
14318:Kalunga
14278:sararás
14269:mulatos
14253:juçaras
14246:cafuzos
14211:ainokos
14117:5102124
14109:5863835
13782:1287189
13636:7497968
13413:Bibcode
13381:12 July
13348:7114199
13313:6465043
13226:4177621
13111:12 July
13079:12 July
12056:12 July
11127:22 July
11101:12 July
11026:6 April
10883:6 April
10163:7 April
10133:7 April
9827:27 June
9779:7 April
9753:6 April
9352:. USP.
9287:14 June
9010:6 April
8322:1234928
8280:11 July
7964:3040205
7941:Bibcode
7863:3779230
7840:Bibcode
7545:7 April
7481:9 April
7305:. 2010.
7128:Bibcode
6895:6300600
6874:Bibcode
6841:28 July
6555:African
6528:10,30%
6525:79,50%
6512:17,30%
6509:74,20%
6496:29,30%
6493:60,10%
6483:18,50%
6480:10,50%
6477:68,80%
6461:African
6343:African
6233:African
6191:87,70%
6178:14,10%
6175:79,90%
6165:11,80%
6162:18,70%
6159:65,90%
6146:13,60%
6143:77,40%
6133:10,70%
6130:18,20%
6127:71,10%
6111:African
6063:"preta"
6046:"parda"
6021:African
5953:African
5870:African
5702:may be
5643:Ipixuna
5614:Guabiju
5590:Capitão
5558:Slavery
5551:Italian
5504:Gramado
5416:Sergipe
5364:Paraíba
5325:Alagoas
5083:: 18.4%
5077:: 19.3%
5071:: 19.6%
5065:: 20.7%
5063:Roraima
5050:African
5018:: 38.6%
5006:: 41.6%
4994:: 42.4%
4988:: 57.8%
4982:: 64.6%
4976:: 76.3%
4939:in 2009
4912:Brancos
4894:43.46%
4876:47.73%
4858:53.74%
4840:51.56%
4822:54.23%
4804:61.03%
4786:61.66%
4768:63.47%
4750:43.97%
4732:38.14%
4674:US Open
4544:Braskem
4439:Marrano
4392:in the
4288:Alabama
4270:Brusque
4135:cuisine
4127:Finnish
4111:group.
4091:Mostly
4025:Latvian
3941:Oscar I
3922:Walloon
3891:Taubaté
3687:culture
3675:Chicago
3662:then).
3656:Galicia
3497:Hunsrik
3430:Germans
3400:, 1866.
3365:Galicia
3324:Tuscany
3298:called
3073:Paraná
3041:Italian
2935:Brusque
2788:Basques
2784:Prussia
2683:Liguria
2675:Tuscany
2572:, 1901.
2526:, 1934.
2430:247,944
2425:338,726
2415:717,223
2410:503,981
2400:852,110
2395:883,668
2375:164,586
2369:109,222
2326:96,811
2320:26,268
2317:233,650
2314:201,252
2311:384,672
2308:155,542
2305:170,621
2297:28,819
2288:110,191
2268:31,263
2265:59,785
2262:15,312
2253:196,521
2250:537,784
2247:510,533
2239:38,819
2236:53,357
2224:224,672
2221:102,142
2218:113,116
2186:Germans
2083:Uruguay
2048:Germans
1993:Galicia
1868:Gaúchos
1845:agreste
1770:Brazil
1676:Region
1654:artist
1576:in 1872
1522:mulatto
1436:, 1855.
1394:Madeira
1295:History
913:Brancos
897:850,130
871:817,963
842:734,127
839:761,583
816:534,878
813:294,135
810:630,656
787:517,897
781:672,251
752:482,848
729:108,255
723:329,082
694:242,320
633:386,955
518:eugenic
402:in 2017
372:(42%),
339:Germany
276:Umbanda
268:Judaism
235:20.8%,
211:Mostly
15778:White
15549:Castas
15504:Hawaii
15435:Brazil
15365:Hawaii
15329:Panama
15324:Mexico
15259:Canada
15206:Zambia
15176:Malawi
15156:Angola
15143:Africa
15068:Racism
14998:French
14848:Polish
14838:German
14788:Europe
14765:Jewish
14753:Syrian
14712:Afghan
14696:Romani
14650:Korean
14597:Yellow
14291:Africa
14218:pardos
14180:Brazil
14169:Brazil
14115:
14107:
13965:
13957:
13916:
13908:
13872:
13864:
13789:
13779:
13685:
13634:
13626:
13517:
13509:
13443:
13436:140919
13433:
13346:
13311:
13303:
13241:
13233:
13223:
13155:16 May
12945:"PNAD"
12876:
12851:
12828:19 May
12591:Forbes
12567:19 May
12534:19 May
12474:14 May
12193:18 May
12167:18 May
12141:18 May
11802:27 May
11788:
11709:
11607:
11557:18 May
11531:18 May
11503:
11346:6 June
11320:6 June
11294:30 May
10939:20 May
10913:29 May
10543:
10343:16 May
10107:16 May
9917:
9701:29 May
9672:29 May
9395:
9356:
8898:
8873:16 May
8840:17 May
8776:16 May
8750:16 May
8658:16 May
8626:16 May
8589:
8423:16 May
8366:
8329:
8319:
8045:25 May
8012:
7971:
7961:
7870:
7860:
7805:
7797:
7681:16 May
7655:16 May
7617:16 May
7401:IBGE.
7388:IBGE.
7375:IBGE.
7244:16 May
7158:
7151:140919
7148:
7098:
7014:17 May
6978:16 May
6948:
6902:
6892:
6545:Region
6531:9,40%
6515:7,30%
6499:8,90%
6451:Region
6423:81,5%
6410:32,0%
6407:60,7%
6397:12,0%
6394:21,7%
6391:66,3%
6381:10,0%
6378:23,3%
6375:66,7%
6365:18,1%
6362:21,3%
6359:60,6%
6333:Region
6223:Region
6210:at 52%
6197:5,20%
6194:7,70%
6181:6,10%
6149:8,90%
6101:Region
6075:41.8%
6058:68.1%
6041:86.4%
6005:et al.
5984:72.8%
5970:75.8%
5947:colour
5942:2011.
5940:et al.
5929:77.7%
5915:43.1%
5901:44.2%
5887:85.5%
5864:colour
5859:2011.
5857:et al.
5843:Ilhéus
5547:German
5515:Canela
5488:23,0%
5485:28,7%
5475:20,9%
5472:31,2%
5462:36,3%
5459:43,5%
5449:21,9%
5446:44,6%
5436:24,1%
5433:45,2%
5423:28,8%
5420:46,7%
5410:23,9%
5407:46,8%
5397:38,9%
5394:50,8%
5384:31,0%
5381:52,6%
5371:36,4%
5368:53,8%
5358:26,9%
5355:54,3%
5345:36,6%
5342:54,4%
5332:26,8%
5329:56,7%
5319:54,5%
5316:63,8%
5306:47,2%
5303:64,2%
5293:44,2%
5290:67,5%
5259:43,6%
5256:72,1%
5246:63,1%
5243:84,9%
5233:70,0%
5230:86,6%
5226:Paraná
5220:82,3%
5217:88,7%
5207:83,8%
5204:94,4%
5125:Paraná
4980:Paraná
4957:Paraná
4937:whites
4713:Brazil
4540:Gerdau
4503:Greeks
4462:museum
4458:Recife
4452:rule,
4435:Anusim
4398:Recife
4363:Levant
4359:Syrian
4173:, and
4139:saunas
4119:Penedo
3875:Itajaí
3831:Castro
3801:Paraná
3785:Easter
3737:German
3683:dishes
3677:) and
3652:Slavic
3633:Paraná
3622:Paraná
3618:Polish
3586:Munich
3569:, and
3557:, and
3555:Paraná
3450:German
3414:German
3300:Talian
3288:Veneto
3259:coffee
3211:area.
3201:brooms
3113:Polish
3059:German
3021:State
3003:Veneto
2999:Venice
2987:Istria
2963:Swabia
2923:Laguna
2852:Castro
2836:Mallet
2767:Swedes
2727:Greeks
2691:Umbria
2663:Veneto
2420:80,424
2384:47,599
2381:84,851
2378:29,552
2372:51,493
2366:42,820
2363:66,524
2346:20,400
2343:20,400
2340:45,803
2294:5,447
2285:20,398
2282:11,868
2259:70,177
2256:86,320
2233:4,092
2230:52,405
2227:94,779
2207:12,204
2201:61,723
2198:29,339
2195:33,859
2189:22,778
2155:Decade
2095:coffee
1969:Veneto
1872:FAPESP
1857:sertão
1802:, and
1624:19.7%
1610:51.4%
1596:Black
1555:Santos
1390:Azores
1209:10.17%
1206:45.34%
1203:43.46%
1177:43.13%
1174:47.73%
1148:38.45%
1145:53.74%
1119:42.45%
1116:51.56%
1090:38.85%
1087:54.23%
1061:29.50%
1058:61.03%
1035:10.96%
1032:26.54%
1029:61.66%
1006:14.64%
1003:21.21%
1000:63.47%
977:14.63%
974:32.36%
971:43.97%
948:19.68%
945:38.28%
942:38.14%
934:Total
919:Pretos
916:Pardos
758:46,604
700:41,983
616:Total
426:Brazil
362:Paraná
343:Poland
278:) 3.0%
239:6.7%,
179:Paraná
15764:Basic
15759:Becky
15749:Karen
15536:Aryan
15441:Chile
15309:Haiti
15171:Kenya
15003:Irish
14993:Dutch
14936:Greek
14853:Swiss
14833:Czech
14803:White
14738:Iraqi
14447:Cuban
14306:Black
14113:S2CID
13963:S2CID
13914:S2CID
13870:S2CID
13632:S2CID
13581:(PDF)
13515:S2CID
13375:(PDF)
13368:(PDF)
13309:S2CID
13239:S2CID
13105:(PDF)
13098:(PDF)
13073:(PDF)
13066:(PDF)
12955:(PDF)
12948:(PDF)
12353:9 May
12050:(PDF)
12043:(PDF)
11946:(PDF)
11933:(PDF)
11823:[
11238:4 May
11055:(PDF)
11048:(PDF)
10737:Anais
10716:6 May
10686:6 May
10541:JSTOR
10293:[
10189:(PDF)
10182:(PDF)
10075:(PDF)
10068:(PDF)
9333:(PDF)
9322:(PDF)
9270:(PDF)
9235:Epoca
9176:4 May
9142:4 May
9041:4 May
8973:(PDF)
8962:(PDF)
8867:(PDF)
8860:(PDF)
8834:(PDF)
8827:(PDF)
8802:(PDF)
8795:(PDF)
8652:(PDF)
8645:(PDF)
8620:(PDF)
8613:(PDF)
8553:(6).
8529:artes
8401:EDUSP
8209:(PDF)
8202:(PDF)
8182:4 May
8156:4 May
8084:4 May
7803:S2CID
7611:(PDF)
7604:(PDF)
7511:(1).
7366:p. 5.
7349:. In
7303:(PDF)
7286:(PDF)
7279:(PDF)
7092:81–84
7044:(PDF)
7033:(PDF)
7008:(PDF)
7001:(PDF)
6829:(PDF)
6429:9,2%
6426:9,3%
6413:7,3%
6072:50.9%
6055:23.6%
6029:White
6007:2009
5989:black
5981:14.4%
5978:12.8%
5975:pardo
5967:13.3%
5964:10.9%
5961:white
5926:12.7%
5920:total
5912:45.9%
5906:black
5898:44.4%
5895:11.4%
5892:pardo
5878:white
5839:Belém
5827:Natal
5788:North
5481:Bahia
5429:Piauí
5377:Ceará
5252:Goiás
5155:Goiás
5149:Bahia
5143:Ceará
5069:Bahia
5057:Amapá
5042:Bahia
5030:North
5022:Goiás
5000:: 42%
4916:South
4704:Year
4548:brown
4536:Ambev
4331:Arabs
4097:Finns
3693:Swiss
3629:Poles
3603:Poles
3517:Tyrol
3443:trade
3372:males
3205:birds
3192:trade
2967:Baden
2925:born
2775:Danes
2759:Swiss
2735:Czech
2390:Total
2360:Other
2337:7,124
2210:4,633
2204:5,188
2192:6,698
2139:Spain
1755:South
1691:North
1621:42.2%
1618:38.1%
1615:1872
1607:18.2%
1604:24.4%
1601:1835
1593:Brown
1590:White
1524:woman
1382:Minho
1347:, in
1326:Bahia
1310:Bahia
1223:100%
1218:0.60%
1215:0.42%
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