996:
292:
386:
61:
707:, have distinct features compared to Iran's Standard Persian. However, the dialect of Dari spoken in Western Afghanistan stands in between Dari and Iranian Persian. For instance, the Herati dialect shares vocabulary and phonology with both Dari and Iranian Persian. Likewise, the dialect of Persian in Eastern Iran, for instance in
679:
From the time of the Turco-Mongol invasions to the
Safavid and subsequent Turkic-speaking dynasties, Persian received a number of lexical borrowings from Turkish, although never as much as those from Arabic. However, in contrast with the Tajik dialects of Central Asia, which are heavily influenced by
675:
During the late 12th and late 15th or early 17th centuries in Iran, the vowel repertory of the
Persian language was reduced and a few consonants were altered in most of Iran's Western Persian dialects, while these features have been predominantly preserved in the Eastern dialects of Dari and Tajik up
691:
There are phonological, lexical, and morphological differences between the
Persian dialects of Iran and elsewhere. There are no significant differences in the written forms of Iran's standard Persian and Afghanistan's standard Dari, other than regional idiomatic phrases. However, Iran's commonly
1168:
of its people, is
Persian. Official documents, correspondence, and texts, as well as text-books, must be in this language and script. However, the use of regional and tribal languages in the press and mass media, as well as for teaching of their literature in schools, is allowed in addition to
667:
in particular initiated a number of sociolinguistic changes that affected the country's national language, reflecting the political and ideological separation of Iran from
Central Asia and Afghanistan. It is likely that the multiple relocations of the
827:"aw" (as "ow" in English "cow") and "ay" (as "i" in English "ice") are pronounced (as in English "low") and (as in English "day") in the Standard Persian of Iran. Dari and Tajik, on the other hand, preserve the earlier forms. For instance, the word
662:
The main dynamics of the linguistic evolution of modern
Persian are political and social changes such as population shifts, the advancement of particular regions, and the rise of ideological influences. In Iran, the
616:
has been used in a variety of publications including cultural, scientific, and diplomatic documents for centuries and, therefore, it carries a very significant historical and cultural meaning. Hence, changing
650:
has never been used in any research paper or university document in any
Western language, and the proposal to begin using it would create doubt and ambiguity about the name of the official language of Iran.
1766:
730:
The following are the primary phonological differences between Iran's mainstream
Persian and the Persian dialects of Afghanistan and Tajikistan (Dari and Tajik), as well as Classical Persian.
750:
respectively in Iran's
Standard Persian, whereas in Dari and Tajik, they have been preserved as separate. For instance, the words for "lion" and "milk", which are written identically as
889:
in Iran's
Standard Persian and Tajikistan's Standard Tajik, whereas Afghanistan's Standard Dari retains the (classical) bilabial pronunciation . In Dari, is found as an allophone of
680:
Turkic, Persian in Iran has had its Turkic borrowings largely declined and assimilated. This is also reflective of the political realities in the Safavid, Qajar and Pahlavi periods.
683:
Overall, Iran's Western Persian dialects appear to have changed more rapidly in lexicon and phonology than the Eastern Persian dialects of Afghanistan and Central Asia.
643:
Changing the usage may also give the impression that "Farsi" is a dialect used in some parts of Iran rather than the predominant (and official) language of the country.
940:
in Tajik) are convergent in Iran's Standard Persian (presumably under the influence of Turkic), whereas they are kept separate in Dari and Tajik.
692:
spoken Persian is considerably different in pronunciation and some syntactic features from the dialects spoken in Afghanistan and Central Asia.
952:
This means that and in word-final positions are separate in Dari, but not in Iran's Standard Persian, where is the word-final allophone of
1161:
1227:
1201:
562:
for the Persian language in general, as its coding system is mostly based on the native-language designations. The more detailed standard
1771:
1740:
1730:
1399:
583:
309:
1254:
882:
tend to be lowered in the Standard Persian of Iran to and , while in Dari and Tajik they might have both high and lowered allophones.
654:
Supporting this announcement, gradually other institutions and literary figures separately took similar actions throughout the world.
672:
itself influenced the development of a distinctive metropolitan sociolect that would affect Persian dialects throughout the country.
570:
for the dialects spoken across Iran and Afghanistan. This consists of the individual languages Dari and Iranian Persian. The code
1792:
1756:
1146:
1070:
Perry, John R. (31 December 1996). "Persian during the Safavid Period: Sketch for an Etat de Langue". In Melville, C. (ed.).
1255:"متنِ اعلامِ نظرِ شورای فرهنگستانِ زبان و ادبِ فارسی دربارهی کاربردِ Farsi به جای Persian در مکاتباتِ وزارتِ امورِ خارجه"
1761:
403:
365:
1735:
1081:
636:
may give the impression that "Farsi" is a new language, although this may well be the intention of some users of
355:
17:
1392:
167:
867:
in Standard Dari. Moreover, is simplified to in normal Iranian speech, thereby merging with the short vowel
943:
The short final "a" (ه-) is normally realized as in Iran's Standard Persian, with the exception of the word
1424:
886:
953:
894:
890:
879:
875:
868:
864:
860:
850:
846:
817:
813:
809:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
747:
743:
739:
735:
577:
1432:
304:
1802:
1797:
734:
Most varieties of Persian spoken in Iran today lack the so-called "majhul" vowels. The "majhul" vowels
1316:
1709:
1493:
1385:
900:
898:
162:
995:
1342:
1683:
1548:
456:
424:
147:
1483:
1440:
1231:
1205:
925:
152:
1656:
1503:
586:
delivered a pronouncement on the name of the Persian language, rejecting any use of the word
467:
1416:
1269:
8:
1671:
704:
695:
The dialects of Dari spoken in Northern, Central and Eastern Afghanistan, for example in
232:
66:
1704:
1593:
1293:
909:
669:
578:
Announcement of the Academy about the name of the Persian language in foreign languages
1097:
345:
1610:
1488:
1142:
1077:
240:
157:
361:
1714:
1666:
1577:
1533:
1511:
1408:
757:
483:
479:
447:
415:
393:
272:
172:
83:
1688:
1661:
1626:
1572:
1567:
1543:
1179:
1071:
530:, exclusively. Officially, the national language of Iran is designated simply as
236:
216:
212:
208:
200:
139:
129:
1678:
1526:
1456:
773:
719:
715:
700:
499:
265:
252:
124:
70:
1786:
1640:
1603:
1598:
1553:
1538:
1165:
664:
1009:
983:
329:
1464:
1448:
1164:: Chapter II, Article 15: "The official language and script of Iran, the
487:
471:
399:
1767:
List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language
1262:
The Quarterly Journal of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature
988:
495:
204:
1558:
824:
563:
555:
338:
322:
104:
1037:
1377:
961:
The short non-final "a" is realized as in Iran's Standard Persian.
373:
114:
1632:
718:
has become the standard model of Dari in Afghanistan, as has the
708:
369:
220:
829:
812:
in Iran's Standard Persian, whereas these words are pronounced
248:
244:
228:
224:
1073:
Safavid Persia: The History and Politics of an Islamic Society
1314:
1124:
The International Cyclopedia: A Compendium of Human Knowledge
696:
541:
885:
The pronunciation of the labial consonant is realized as a
1521:
491:
475:
297:
256:
94:
1369:
Origins of the New and Middle Persian phonological systems
372:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
711:, is quite similar to the Herati dialect of Afghanistan.
60:
796:
for "lion" and "milk", respectively. The long vowel in
478:
and by others in neighboring countries, as well as by
944:
535:
510:
Iran's national language has been called, apart from
461:
429:
49:
871:(see below). This does not occur in Dari or Tajik.
686:
625:would negate this established important precedent.
1341:Farhadi, Rawan; Perry, J. R. (12 February 2013).
482:. These are intelligible with other varieties of
1784:
1155:
1308:
1393:
1252:
929:
913:
893:before voiced consonants and as variation of
854:
834:
803:
797:
751:
554:The international language-encoding standard
43:
1340:
1162:Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
780:in Iran's Standard Persian, while Dari uses
1741:Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature
935:
919:
840:
767:
761:
1731:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1400:
1386:
1294:"Ethnologue report for language code: prs"
1121:
584:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
574:is used for Iranian Persian, exclusively.
310:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1336:
1334:
1253:Samī‘ī Gīlānī, Aḥmad, ed. (Spring 1995).
480:Iranian communities throughout the world
1757:List of English words of Persian origin
1136:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
404:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
366:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
1785:
1331:
1202:"Fársi: 'Recently appeared language!'"
1381:
1069:
1032:
1030:
979:
977:
975:
82:
1407:
1122:Richardson, Charles Francis (1892).
1052:
722:in relation to the Persian in Iran.
536:
1762:List of French loanwords in Persian
1315:UCLA, Language Materials Projects.
1098:"Spoken L1 Language: Western Farsi"
1038:"639 Identifier Documentation: fas"
930:
914:
855:
835:
804:
798:
752:
451:
419:
44:
24:
1736:Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
1027:
972:
25:
1814:
1349:. Vol. XV. pp. 276–280
1268:(1). Tehran: 152. Archived from
994:
808:meaning "strong" is realized as
384:
290:
59:
1371:(Cracow 1985), p. 112-114, 117.
1361:
1286:
1246:
1230:. Persiandirect. Archived from
1220:
1204:. Persiandirect. Archived from
1194:
863:in Iran's Standard Persian and
849:in Iran's Standard Persian and
687:Comparison with other varieties
27:Dialect of the Persian language
1793:Persian dialects and varieties
1772:Persian language in South Asia
1172:
1130:
1115:
1090:
1002:
606:, etc.) in foreign languages.
13:
1:
965:
887:voiced labiodental fricative
823:The early Classical Persian
725:
542:
7:
1182:. Iranian. 16 December 1997
1139:Encyclopedia of Linguistics
945:
549:
462:
442:, natively simply known as
430:
50:
10:
1819:
1684:Romanized Persian alphabet
1141:. Routledge. p. 324.
1126:. Dodd, Mead. p. 541.
897:in some cases, along with
657:
582:On November 19, 2005, the
1749:
1723:
1710:Middle Persian literature
1697:
1649:
1619:
1586:
1502:
1494:Western Iranian languages
1476:
1415:
1137:Strazny, Philipp (2013).
936:
920:
845:in Tajik) is realized as
841:
768:
762:
352:
336:
320:
315:
303:
285:Official language in
283:
278:
262:
196:
136:
120:
110:
100:
90:
78:
58:
42:
37:
32:
628:Changing the usage from
609:The announcement reads:
127:: 62 million (2021)
676:until the present day.
505:
1504:Dialects and varieties
1484:Indo-Iranian languages
926:voiced velar fricative
874:The high short vowels
853:in Standard Dari, and
776:, are both pronounced
742:have been merged into
392:This article contains
354:This article contains
1657:Old Persian cuneiform
1460:(c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)
820:respectively in Dari.
1347:Encyclopædia Iranica
1234:on 15 September 2016
956:in almost all cases.
802:meaning "quick" and
760:and respectively as
670:capital city of Iran
590:(instead of English
168:Southwestern Iranian
1672:Persian calligraphy
1425:Proto-Indo-European
1228:"Persian or Fársi?"
1180:"Persian or Farsi?"
518:, by names such as
273:Perso-Arabic script
132:: 17 million (2021)
67:Persian calligraphy
1705:Persian literature
1452:(c. 525 – 300 BCE)
1433:Proto-Indo-Iranian
1317:"Persian Language"
1010:"Persian, Iranian"
924:in Tajik) and the
910:voiced uvular stop
84:[fɒːɾˈsiː]
1803:Languages of Iraq
1798:Languages of Iran
1780:
1779:
1635:
1587:Language features
1489:Iranian languages
1477:Language families
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1319:. Iranchamber.com
1148:978-1-135-45522-4
992:(27th ed., 2024)
934:in Perso-Arabic,
918:in Perso-Arabic,
839:in Perso-Arabic,
466:), refers to the
460:
428:
400:rendering support
380:
379:
362:rendering support
358:phonetic symbols.
305:Regulated by
65:Fārsi written in
16:(Redirected from
1810:
1715:Tajik literature
1667:Persian alphabet
1631:
1512:Standard Persian
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1427:
1409:Persian language
1402:
1395:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1296:. Ethnologue.com
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1176:
1170:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1067:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1006:
1000:
999:
998:
981:
955:
948:
939:
938:
933:
932:
923:
922:
917:
916:
904:
896:
892:
881:
877:
870:
866:
862:
859:meaning "no" is
858:
857:
852:
848:
844:
843:
838:
837:
819:
815:
811:
807:
806:
801:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
771:
770:
765:
764:
755:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
573:
569:
561:
545:
539:
538:
472:Persian language
465:
455:
453:
433:
423:
421:
388:
387:
348:
332:
325:
296:
294:
293:
268:
142:
86:
63:
53:
47:
46:
30:
29:
21:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1745:
1719:
1693:
1689:Persian Braille
1662:Pahlavi scripts
1645:
1627:Persian grammar
1615:
1582:
1544:Kuwaiti Persian
1498:
1472:
1411:
1406:
1376:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1339:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1208:on 3 March 2016
1200:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1135:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1076:. I.B. Tauris.
1068:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
984:Iranian Persian
982:
973:
968:
788:and Tajik uses
728:
720:Tehrani dialect
689:
660:
580:
571:
567:
559:
552:
524:Western Persian
520:Iranian Persian
508:
436:Western Persian
412:Iranian Persian
409:
408:
407:
398:Without proper
389:
385:
360:Without proper
344:
328:
321:
291:
289:
286:
279:Official status
269:
264:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
192:
178:Iranian Persian
143:
140:Language family
138:
128:
74:
38:Western Persian
33:Iranian Persian
28:
23:
22:
18:Western Persian
15:
12:
11:
5:
1816:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:Tajik alphabet
1676:
1675:
1674:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1650:Writing system
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1457:Middle Persian
1454:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1360:
1330:
1307:
1285:
1264:(in Persian).
1245:
1219:
1193:
1171:
1154:
1147:
1129:
1114:
1089:
1082:
1051:
1026:
1001:
970:
969:
967:
964:
963:
962:
959:
958:
957:
949:meaning "no".
941:
906:
883:
872:
821:
727:
724:
716:Kabuli dialect
688:
685:
665:Safavid period
659:
656:
652:
651:
644:
641:
626:
579:
576:
566:uses the code
558:uses the code
551:
548:
507:
504:
431:Fârsi-ye Irâni
402:, you may see
390:
383:
382:
381:
378:
377:
364:, you may see
350:
349:
342:
334:
333:
326:
318:
317:
316:Language codes
313:
312:
307:
301:
300:
287:
284:
281:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:Writing system
263:
260:
259:
198:
194:
193:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
146:
144:
137:
134:
133:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
91:Native to
88:
87:
80:
76:
75:
64:
56:
55:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1815:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:Organizations
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1641:Tajik grammar
1639:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1554:Judeo-Persian
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1444:(c. 1500 BCE)
1442:
1441:Proto-Iranian
1439:
1436:(c. 2000 BCE)
1434:
1431:
1428:(c. 3000 BCE)
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1370:
1367:A. Pisowicz,
1364:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1318:
1311:
1295:
1289:
1275:on 2016-03-04
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1166:lingua franca
1163:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1118:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1085:
1083:9781860640230
1079:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1015:
1011:
1005:
997:
991:
990:
985:
980:
978:
976:
971:
960:
951:
950:
947:
942:
927:
911:
907:
902:
888:
884:
873:
832:
831:
826:
822:
775:
759:
733:
732:
731:
723:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
684:
681:
677:
673:
671:
666:
655:
649:
645:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
624:
620:
615:
612:
611:
610:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
575:
565:
557:
547:
544:
533:
529:
528:Western Farsi
525:
521:
517:
513:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
458:
449:
445:
441:
440:Western Farsi
437:
432:
426:
417:
413:
405:
401:
397:
395:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
357:
351:
347:
343:
341:
340:
335:
331:
327:
324:
319:
314:
311:
308:
306:
302:
299:
288:
282:
277:
274:
271:
267:
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
199:
195:
179:
176:
175:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:Indo-European
145:
141:
135:
131:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
79:Pronunciation
77:
72:
68:
62:
57:
52:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1750:Other topics
1560:
1516:
1368:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1346:
1321:. Retrieved
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1288:
1277:. Retrieved
1270:the original
1265:
1261:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1232:the original
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1206:the original
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1174:
1157:
1138:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:
1092:
1072:
1042:. Retrieved
1017:. Retrieved
1013:
1004:
987:
828:
758:Perso-Arabic
729:
713:
694:
690:
682:
678:
674:
661:
653:
647:
637:
633:
629:
622:
618:
613:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
581:
553:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
509:
486:, including
443:
439:
435:
420:فارسی ایرانی
411:
410:
394:Persian text
391:
353:
337:
177:
153:Indo-Iranian
1559:Judeo-Tat (
1465:New Persian
1449:Old Persian
1353:25 February
1238:23 December
1212:23 December
1186:23 December
1107:25 February
1044:25 February
1019:25 February
488:Afghanistan
368:instead of
233:Kermanshahi
1787:Categories
1698:Literature
1594:Vocabulary
1468:(from 800)
1279:2012-02-16
1014:Ethnologue
989:Ethnologue
966:References
825:diphthongs
705:Badakhshan
598:, Spanish
496:Tajikistan
474:spoken in
1611:Phonology
1323:26 August
1300:26 August
1169:Persian."
1102:Glottolog
1040:. Sil.org
851:/nawroːz/
847:/nowruːz/
726:Phonology
646:The word
602:, French
594:, German
564:ISO 639-3
556:ISO 639-1
468:varieties
457:romanized
425:romanized
339:Glottolog
323:ISO 639-3
111:Ethnicity
105:West Asia
71:Nastaʿlīq
1534:Hazaragi
1343:"KĀBOLI"
865:/naχajr/
861:/naχejr/
596:Persisch
550:ISO code
374:Help:IPA
346:west2369
241:Mashhadi
221:Karbalai
217:Esfahani
197:Dialects
121:Speakers
115:Persians
1620:Grammar
1578:Dehwari
1573:Sistani
1568:Bukhori
1517:Iranian
1417:History
740:/oː,uː/
736:/eː,iː/
709:Mashhad
658:History
630:Persian
619:Persian
614:Persian
592:Persian
532:Persian
512:Persian
484:Persian
470:of the
459::
448:Persian
444:Persian
427::
416:Persian
370:Unicode
253:Tehrani
249:Shirazi
245:Qazvini
237:Kuwaiti
229:Kermani
225:Kashani
213:Basseri
209:Bandari
201:Abadani
173:Persian
163:Western
158:Iranian
1561:Juhuri
1522:Afghan
1145:
1080:
842:Наврӯз
830:Nowruz
818:/zoːr/
814:/zuːd/
786:/ʃiːr/
782:/ʃeːr/
778:/ʃiːr/
703:, and
604:persan
295:
101:Region
1633:Ezāfe
1604:Verbs
1599:Nouns
1539:Aimaq
1527:Tajik
1273:(PDF)
1258:(PDF)
903:]
899:[
836:نوروز
794:/ʃir/
790:/ʃer/
774:Tajik
701:Mazar
697:Kabul
648:Farsi
638:Farsi
634:Farsi
623:Farsi
600:persa
588:Farsi
543:fārsi
537:فارسی
516:Farsi
500:Tajik
463:Fârsi
452:فارسی
257:Yazdi
205:Araki
51:Fārsi
45:فارسی
1355:2021
1325:2012
1302:2012
1240:2011
1214:2011
1188:2011
1143:ISBN
1109:2021
1078:ISBN
1046:2021
1021:2021
908:The
878:and
856:نخیر
816:and
810:/uː/
792:and
784:and
766:and
748:/uː/
746:and
744:/iː/
738:and
714:The
526:and
506:Name
494:and
492:Dari
476:Iran
298:Iran
95:Iran
1549:Tat
986:at
954:/æ/
928:(;
912:(;
895:/b/
891:/f/
880:/u/
876:/i/
869:/u/
805:زور
799:زود
772:in
769:шир
763:шер
756:in
753:شیر
632:to
621:to
572:pes
568:fas
546:).
514:or
498:'s
490:'s
438:or
434:),
356:IPA
330:pes
1789::
1345:.
1333:^
1260:.
1100:.
1054:^
1029:^
1012:.
974:^
946:na
699:,
560:fa
540:,
522:,
502:.
454:,
450::
422:,
418::
130:L2
125:L1
1563:)
1401:e
1394:t
1387:v
1357:.
1327:.
1304:.
1282:.
1266:1
1242:.
1216:.
1190:.
1151:.
1111:.
1086:.
1048:.
1023:.
937:ғ
931:غ
921:қ
915:ق
905:.
901:β
833:(
640:.
534:(
446:(
414:(
406:.
396:.
376:.
73:)
69:(
54:)
48:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
