122:
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373:𐨧𐨬𐨟𐨂 𐨯𐨪𐨿𐨬𐨯𐨟𐨿𐨬𐨞 𐨀𐨪𐨆𐨒𐨡𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨁𐨞𐨀𐨅 𐨧𐨬𐨟𐨂 𐨀𐨬𐨁𐨩𐨞𐨪𐨒𐨤𐨪𐨿𐨩𐨟 𐨩𐨬 𐨧𐨬𐨒𐨿𐨪 𐨩𐨆 𐨀𐨟𐨿𐨪 𐨀𐨎𐨟𐨪 𐨀𐨎𐨜𐨗𐨆 𐨗𐨫𐨩𐨂𐨒 𐨭𐨭𐨿𐨬𐨅𐨟𐨁𐨒 𐨀𐨪𐨂𐨤𐨿𐨩𐨟 𐨯𐨪𐨿𐨬𐨁𐨞 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨀𐨅 𐨧𐨬𐨟𐨂 𐨨𐨱𐨁𐨩 𐨕 𐨪𐨆𐨱𐨞 𐨯𐨡 𐨯𐨪𐨿𐨬𐨁𐨞 𐨀𐨬𐨮𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁𐨒𐨞 𐨯𐨤𐨪𐨁𐨬𐨪 𐨕 𐨀𐨒𐨿𐨪𐨧𐨒𐨤𐨜𐨁𐨩𐨎𐨭𐨀𐨅 𐨧𐨬𐨟𐨂 𐨨𐨁𐨠𐨿𐨩𐨒𐨯 𐨕 𐨀𐨒𐨿𐨪𐨧𐨒 𐨧𐨬𐨟𐨂
346:𐨀𐨁𐨨𐨅𐨞 𐨐𐨂𐨭𐨫𐨨𐨂𐨫𐨅𐨞 𐨨𐨱𐨪𐨗𐨪𐨗𐨟𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨱𐨂𐨬𐨅𐨮𐨿𐨐𐨯 𐨀𐨒𐨿𐨪𐨧𐨒𐨀𐨅 𐨧𐨬𐨟𐨂 𐨨𐨡𐨤𐨁𐨱𐨪 𐨨𐨅 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨀𐨅 𐨧𐨬𐨟𐨂 𐨧𐨿𐨪𐨱𐨪 𐨨𐨅 𐨱𐨮𐨿𐨠𐨂𐨞𐨏𐨨𐨪𐨅𐨒𐨯 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨀𐨅 𐨧𐨬𐨟𐨂 𐨩𐨆 𐨕 𐨨𐨅 𐨧𐨂𐨩 𐨞𐨟𐨁𐨒𐨨𐨁𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨯𐨎𐨧𐨟𐨁𐨒𐨞 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨀𐨅 𐨧𐨬𐨟𐨂 𐨨𐨱𐨁𐨩 𐨕 𐨬𐨒𐨨𐨪𐨁𐨒𐨯 𐨀𐨒𐨿𐨪𐨧𐨒𐨤𐨜𐨁𐨩𐨎𐨭𐨀𐨅
427:
The description of a similar vase that is privately owned was published in 2008. It bears a closely related inscription and the original content has been conserved. The
Kharoshthi inscription records that the relics were consecrated on the same day in Kanishka year 51 (c. AD 178) by the daughter
504:
on 18 October 1836. The list included 11 groups of items. Group 1 included the Wardak Vase: "A copper vessel with dotted
Pehlevi inscription, containing sundry relics. To this belong 66 copper coins separately placed in a bag." Several other groups on the list included reliquaries but these cannot
241:
running around the middle of the vase and a second set of grooves running around the vase just below the neck. Engraved on the shoulder of the vase between the upper and lower grooves are three lines of
Kharoshthi script. Below the lower set of grooves is a fourth line in larger letters. The text
236:
The Wardak Vase is spherical in shape and made of copper alloy. The vase has a slim neck with an inverted rim and a low flat base. It measures 17.6 cm (6.9 in) in height, with the largest diameter of 16.9 cm (6.7 in) and a neck of diameter 9.7 cm (3.8 in). It has a
242:
dates the vase and deposits to around 178 AD. With the vase were found a number of beads and sixty-six coins. The coins have not been identified among the museum's collection. Masson mentions that they were of the "Indo-Scythic class", which implies that they would have been of the
389:
to the top of existence, whether egg-born, womb-born, moisture-born, formless, may it be for the honour of all; and may it always be for the best lot and share of my horsemen, with all umbrella-bearers and with the retinue; and may there be a best lot for the one who is wrong.
266:
The long inscription refers to the Kushan year 51; Kanishka I reigned c. AD 127 to 151. The text mentions
Kanishka's successor Huvishka who ruled c. AD 151 to 190; it thus provides useful evidence for reconstructing the chronological reigns of the Kushan
379:
bhavatu sarvasatvaṇa arogadakṣinae bhavatu aviyaṇaragaparyata yava bhavagra yo atra aṃtara aṃḍajo jalayuga śaśvetiga arupyata sarviṇa puyae bhavatu mahiya ca rohaṇa sada sarviṇa avaṣatrigaṇa saparivara ca agrabhagapaḍiyaṃśae bhavatu mithyagasa ca agrabhaga
320:𐨯𐨎 𐩅 𐩅 𐩄 𐩀 𐨨𐨯 𐨀𐨪𐨿𐨠𐨨𐨁𐨯𐨁𐨩 𐨯𐨯𐨿𐨟𐨅𐨱𐨁 𐩄 𐩃 𐩀 𐨀𐨁𐨨𐨅𐨞 𐨒𐨜𐨁𐨒𐨅𐨞 𐨐𐨨𐨒𐨂𐨫𐨿𐨩𐨤𐨂𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨬𐨒𐨨𐨪𐨅𐨒 𐨯 𐨀𐨁𐨭 𐨑𐨬𐨡𐨨𐨁 𐨐𐨡𐨫𐨩𐨁𐨒𐨬𐨒𐨨𐨪𐨅𐨒𐨬𐨁𐨱𐨪𐨨𐨿𐨨𐨁 𐨠𐨂𐨦𐨨𐨿𐨨𐨁 𐨧𐨒𐨬𐨡 𐨭𐨐𐨿𐨩𐨨𐨂𐨞𐨅 𐨭𐨪𐨁𐨪 𐨤𐨪𐨁𐨛𐨬𐨅𐨟𐨁
428:
of "Vagamarega", the donor of the Wardak Vase. The contents of the vase included a relic container made of silver, a folded sheet of birch bark and 21 coins. Of these, 19 were Kushan bronze coins but two were much later Napki Malka silver coins of the
2523:
362:; may it be in honour of my mother and father; may it be in honour of my brother Haṣthunaḥ-marega; and may it be in honour of my further relatives, friends, and associates; may it be the best share and lot of me, Vagamarega;
219:
in
Afghanistan. Unusually, Masson did not supervise the excavation himself and did not provide details of exactly where the individual artefacts were found. The finds arrived in London in 1839, where they became part of the
352:
imeṇa kuśalamuleṇa maharajarajatirajahuveṣkasa agrabhagae bhavatu madapidara me puyae bhavatu bhradara me haṣthunaḥmaregasa puyae bhavatu yo ca me bhuya ṇatigamitrasaṃbhatigaṇa puyae bhavatu mahiya ca vagamaregasa
877:. Vol. 1 of the Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the European Association of South Asian Archaeologists, London, 2005. London: The British Association for South Asian Studies. pp. 63–80.
331:
In the year 51, in the month
Artemisios, on the 15th day, in this moment Kamagulya's son Vagamarega here in Khavada in the Kadalayiga Vagamarega Monastery a stupa for the relics of the Lord, the
2130:
326:
saṃ 20 20 10 1 masa arthamisiya sastehi 10 4 1 imeṇa gaḍigeṇa kamagulyaputra vagamarega sa iśa khavadami kadalayiga vagamaregaviharammi thummi bhagavada śakyamuṇe śarira pariṭhaveti
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The
Charles Masson Archive: British Library, British Museum and Other Documents Relating to the 1832–1838 Masson Collection from Afghanistan
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is now the name of a province in eastern
Afghanistan. The location of the stupas has been identified by Fussman at coordinates
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785:
188:
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491:. Fussman's plan of the site is redrawn in Errington, 2017 but upside-down with the north and south directions switched.
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960:
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1338:
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1021:
720:
179:
inscription which dates the objects to around 178 AD and claims that the stupa contained the sacred
2215:
1184:
922:
830:
Charles Masson and the
Buddhist Sites of Afghanistan: Explorations, Excavations, Collections 1832-1835
2865:
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1489:
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283:, near Delhi. The vase therefore provides evidence for the widespread distribution of Buddhism in
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Kharoshṭhī Inscriptions with the
Exception of those of Aśoka, Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum
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The finds from Wardak were listed when the articles were dispatched by Masson from Kabul to
2094:
2016:
1966:
1874:
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2011:
1844:
1736:
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1097:
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1016:
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781:
693:"Catalogue of Kharoṣṭhī Inscriptions (CKI) 159 — Reliquary Inscription of Vagamarega"
1569:
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Through this root of good may it be the best lot of the great king, chief of kings,
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1519:
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945:
Ariana Antiqua: A Descriptive Account of the Antiquities and Coins of Afghanistan
501:
767:"Catalog and revised texts and translations of Gandharan reliquary inscriptions"
385:
may it be for the reward of health of all beings; and, from the boundary of the
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483:. The site is about 80 km (50 mi) (as the crow flies) southwest of
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871:"Another reliquary vase from Wardak and consecrating fire rites in Gandhāra"
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2192:
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854:. British Museum Research Publication 216. London: British Museum Press.
833:. British Museum Research Publication 215. London: British Museum Press.
593:
488:
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indicating that the relics had been re-deposited in the 5th–6th century.
172:
913:
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in the valley of the Chak River. Downstream the Chak River becomes the
2626:
2548:
2443:
2438:
2006:
1981:
1794:
1741:
1534:
1302:
959:
Errington, E., and J. Cribb (eds), The Crossroads of Asia: (Cambridge,
429:
284:
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in 1836. The vase was unearthed in one of the Buddhist relic deposits (
176:
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1307:
1050:
300:
870:
849:
828:
2419:
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359:
279:, one of the earliest buddhist schools in India, who were based at
255:
559:
386:
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2528:
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280:
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Religion and Art: New issues in Indian iconography and iconology
28:
2571:
2563:
2073:
547:
272:
157:
70:
937:"Memoir on the topes and sepulchral monuments of Afghanistan"
780:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 200–309.
484:
216:
208:
164:
161:
927:. Vol. 2, Part 1. Calcutta, India: Government of India.
634:
632:
605:
535:
2261:
795:
Bracey, Robert (2017). "The date of Kanishka since 1960".
401:𐨀𐨅𐨮 𐨬𐨁𐨱𐨪 𐨀𐨕𐨪𐨩𐨞 𐨨𐨱𐨯𐨎𐨓𐨁𐨒𐨞 𐨤𐨪𐨁𐨒𐨿𐨪𐨱
892:
Fussman, Gérard (1974). "Ruines De La Vallée De Wardak".
741:
629:
617:
672:
405:
377:
350:
324:
224:'s collection. In 1880, they were transferred to the
33:
Wardak Vase and coins displayed in the British Museum
731:
729:
199:The vase, coins and other relics were found by the
660:
1200:Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa
2837:
726:
167:deposit in the early nineteenth century in the
947:. London: East India Company. pp. 55–118.
175:. The importance of the vase lies in the long
2277:
982:
407:eṣa vihara acarayaṇa mahasaṃghigaṇa parigraha
215:about 80 km (50 mi) south-west of
183:. Since 1880, the vase has been part of the
2284:
2270:
1135:Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III
989:
975:
847:
823:
747:
638:
623:
611:
599:
565:
541:
271:. The inscription also indicates that the
2876:Archaeological discoveries in Afghanistan
1830:Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions
1318:Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art
1268:Dhaneswar Khera Buddha image inscription
2312:Achaemenid invasion of the Indus Valley
1672:Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa
891:
553:
412:This monastery is in the possession of
156:is an ancient globular-shaped buddhist
2838:
2226:Royal Commission on the British Museum
931:
794:
690:
666:
650:
525:
2265:
2152:A History of the World in 100 Objects
970:
920:
764:
716:
678:
579:"Wardak Vase. Museum number: 1880.93"
2871:Afghanistan–United Kingdom relations
2131:Conservation and Scientific Research
873:. In Bautze-Picron, Claudine (ed.).
868:
735:
2846:Asian objects in the British Museum
2393:Hellenistic influence on Indian art
13:
2398:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
996:
953:
14:
2892:
2141:Portable Antiquities and Treasure
776:; Salomon, R.; Baums, S. (eds.).
571:
448:As explained by Fussman in 1974,
160:vase that was found as part of a
2768:Post-Mauryan coinage of Gandhara
2246:
2245:
2188:Films shot at the British Museum
1825:Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
1540:Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano
1228:Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena
602:, pp. 63–64, E161/VII f.27.
127:
120:
97:
90:
80:OA 1880-93;CM 1979-2-15-21 to 41
27:
2815:Silver Reliquary of Indravarman
684:
422:
291:Inscription of the Wardak Vase
2102:The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies
1140:Colossal head of Amenhotep III
848:Errington, Elizabeth (2017b).
778:Gandharan Buddhist reliquaries
691:Baums, Stefan; Glass, Andrew.
494:
442:
261:
231:
128:
98:
1:
2733:Aramaic Inscription of Taxila
1652:Priene dedicatory inscription
512:
203:adventurer and archaeologist
2291:
1840:Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir
1815:Tell al-'Ubaid Copper Lintel
1283:Jade terrapin from Allahabad
1150:Gebelein predynastic mummies
1145:El-Amra clay model of cattle
961:Ancient India and Iran Trust
406:
378:
351:
325:
194:
7:
1855:Babylonian Map of the World
1410:Barber Cup and Crawford Cup
1339:The Great Wave off Kanagawa
1323:Seated Buddha from Gandhara
1243:Amitābha Buddha from Hancui
10:
2897:
1185:Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
757:
2725:
2635:
2562:
2418:
2411:
2403:Art of Gandhara by museum
2375:
2299:
2241:
2165:
2118:
2047:
1945:
1891:Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal
1755:
1667:Sant'Angelo Muxaro Patera
1358:
1213:
1118:
1039:
1030:
1004:
697:Catalog of Gāndhārī Texts
556:, pp. 67–70, Fig. 1.
237:series of three parallel
84:
76:
62:
54:
46:
38:
26:
21:
2317:Greek conquests in India
2198:Repatriation controversy
1875:Flood tablet (Gilgamesh)
1657:Priene edict inscription
1490:Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo
1258:Mogao Christian painting
809:10.1177/0376983617694717
797:Indian Historical Review
568:, p. 200, Fig. 303.
435:
2861:Buddhism in Afghanistan
2820:Hephthalite silver bowl
2183:Dingwall Beloe Lectures
1885:Library of Ashurbanipal
1273:Hephthalite silver bowl
1238:Ambika Statue from Dhar
906:10.3406/arasi.1974.1086
450:Wardak or Maidan Wardak
287:almost 2000 years ago.
111:Show map of Afghanistan
2763:Saptarishi Tila statue
2327:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
2136:Libraries and Archives
1937:Phoenician metal bowls
1865:Cylinders of Nabonidus
1328:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
471:34.121694°N 68.50056°E
141:Show map of South Asia
2881:2nd-century artifacts
1912:Babylonian Chronicles
1770:Assyrian lion weights
1747:Xanten Horse-Phalerae
1682:Stony Stratford Hoard
1600:Papyri of Oxyrhynchus
1500:Dionysus Sardanapalus
1445:Bronze head of Hypnos
1081:Double-headed serpent
765:Baums, David (2012).
211:) in the district of
16:Ancient Buddhist vase
2856:Buddhist reliquaries
2095:The Disasters of War
2017:Sutton Hoo purse-lid
1967:Holy Thorn Reliquary
1313:Mathura lion capital
1071:Bronze Head from Ife
921:Konow, Sten (1929).
869:Falk, Harry (2008).
825:Errington, Elizabeth
772:. In Jongeward, D.;
309:English translation
181:relics of the Buddha
2178:British Museum Acts
2088:The Ancient of Days
1987:Mildenhall Treasure
1765:Ain Sakhri figurine
1696:Townley collection
1637:Petelia Gold Tablet
1565:Macmillan aryballos
1485:Chatuzange Treasure
1430:Boscoreale Treasure
1130:Battlefield Palette
1110:Yaxchilan Lintel 24
681:, pp. 243–244.
614:, pp. 201–211.
544:, pp. 200–206.
476:34.121694; 68.50056
467: /
353:agrabhagapaḍiyaṃśae
292:
2788:Treasure of Begram
2753:Buddhas of Bamiyan
2743:Kanishka reliquary
2383:Greco-Buddhist art
2332:Indo-Greek kingdom
2060:Dürer's Rhinoceros
2039:Lampsacus Treasure
2034:Vindolanda Tablets
1927:Antiochus cylinder
1917:Ur Box inscription
1662:San Sosti Axe-Head
1585:Minoan Bull-leaper
1525:Farnese Diadumenos
1515:Esquiline Treasure
1460:Campo Iemini Venus
1420:Beaurains Treasure
1405:Asclepius of Milos
1345:Vishnu Nicolo Seal
1288:Kakiemon elephants
1223:Admonitions Scroll
1076:Codex Kingsborough
1022:Round Reading Room
290:
2833:
2832:
2783:Rukhuna reliquary
2721:
2720:
2656:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
2607:Lalchak monastery
2259:
2258:
2161:
2160:
2023:Swimming Reindeer
2012:Sutton Hoo helmet
1845:Tablet of Shamash
1737:Vaison Diadumenos
1687:Strangford Apollo
1495:Demeter of Knidos
1475:Chaourse Treasure
1465:Carthage Treasure
1390:Arcisate Treasure
1278:Huixian Bronze Hu
1233:Amaravati Marbles
1195:Sphinx of Taharqo
1098:Kayung totem pole
1092:Throne of Weapons
884:978-0-9553924-2-9
861:978-0-86159-216-6
840:978-0-86159-215-9
787:978-0-295-99236-5
502:Colonel Pottinger
420:
419:
275:was built by the
150:
149:
2888:
2866:Individual vases
2416:
2415:
2367:Ghaznavid Empire
2307:Gandhara kingdom
2286:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2249:
2248:
2126:Coins and Medals
2002:Seax of Beagnoth
1850:Statue of Idrimi
1805:Ram in a Thicket
1677:Satala Aphrodite
1627:Paramythia Hoard
1470:Caubiac Treasure
1380:Apollo of Cyrene
1375:Aineta aryballos
1165:MacGregor plaque
1037:
1036:
991:
984:
977:
968:
967:
948:
928:
917:
888:
865:
844:
820:
791:
771:
751:
745:
739:
733:
724:
714:
708:
707:
705:
703:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
648:
642:
636:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
590:
588:
586:
581:. British Museum
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
523:
506:
498:
492:
482:
481:
479:
478:
477:
472:
468:
465:
464:
463:
460:
446:
409:
402:
382:
374:
355:
347:
328:
321:
306:Transliteration
301:Kharosthi script
293:
289:
189:Asian collection
142:
131:
130:
124:
112:
101:
100:
94:
63:Present location
31:
19:
18:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2804:Brussels Buddha
2798:Standing Buddha
2717:
2661:Tapa-i Kafariha
2631:
2558:
2407:
2371:
2295:
2290:
2260:
2255:
2237:
2157:
2114:
2050:
2043:
1948:
1941:
1922:Kurkh Monoliths
1907:Lachish reliefs
1880:Jar of Xerxes I
1860:Rassam cylinder
1751:
1732:Uerdingen Hoard
1590:Nereid Monument
1530:Guilford Puteal
1520:Euphorbos plate
1480:Chatsworth Head
1440:Braganza Brooch
1385:Archangel ivory
1370:Aegina Treasure
1361:
1354:
1298:Kanishka casket
1253:Buddhapad Hoard
1209:
1160:Hunters Palette
1121:
1114:
1086:Hoa Hakananai'a
1042:
1041:Africa, Oceania
1032:
1026:
1000:
995:
956:
954:Further reading
951:
933:Masson, Charles
894:Arts Asiatiques
885:
862:
841:
788:
769:
760:
755:
754:
748:Errington 2017a
746:
742:
734:
727:
721:165-170, LXXXVI
715:
711:
701:
699:
689:
685:
677:
673:
665:
661:
649:
645:
639:Errington 2017a
637:
630:
624:Errington 2017a
622:
618:
612:Errington 2017a
610:
606:
600:Errington 2017b
598:
594:
584:
582:
577:
576:
572:
566:Errington 2017a
564:
560:
552:
548:
542:Errington 2017a
540:
536:
524:
520:
515:
510:
509:
499:
495:
475:
473:
469:
466:
461:
458:
456:
454:
453:
447:
443:
438:
425:
400:
372:
345:
319:
264:
234:
197:
169:Wardak Province
146:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
132:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:
106:
102:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2894:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2825:Gardez Ganesha
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2778:Shinkot casket
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2748:Stone palettes
2745:
2740:
2738:Bimaran Casket
2735:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2642:
2640:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2474:Sikri Yusufzai
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:Loriyan Tangai
2456:
2454:Kanishka stupa
2451:
2449:Shaji-ki-Dheri
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:Greco-Buddhism
2385:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Indo-Parthians
2339:
2337:Indo-Scythians
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Mauryan Empire
2319:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2146:Rondanini Faun
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2109:Triumphal Arch
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2081:Isabella Brant
2077:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:Royal Gold Cup
1994:
1992:Ringlemere Cup
1989:
1984:
1979:
1977:Lewis chessmen
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1932:Nimrud ivories
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1870:Cyrus Cylinder
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:Standard of Ur
1797:
1792:
1790:Blau Monuments
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1692:Tomb of Payava
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Mâcon Treasure
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Lion of Knidos
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1455:Bursa Treasure
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1435:Boy with Thorn
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1335:
1333:Statue of Tara
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1248:Bimaran casket
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1205:Younger Memnon
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:Papyrus of Ani
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1017:King's Library
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:British Museum
994:
993:
986:
979:
971:
965:
964:
955:
952:
950:
949:
929:
918:
889:
883:
866:
860:
845:
839:
821:
792:
786:
761:
759:
756:
753:
752:
750:, p. 201.
740:
725:
709:
683:
671:
659:
643:
641:, p. 202.
628:
626:, p. 203.
616:
604:
592:
570:
558:
546:
534:
517:
516:
514:
511:
508:
507:
505:now be traced.
493:
440:
439:
437:
434:
424:
421:
418:
417:
410:
403:
398:
392:
391:
383:
375:
370:
364:
363:
356:
348:
343:
337:
336:
335:, establishes
329:
322:
317:
311:
310:
307:
304:
297:
263:
260:
248:Vima Kadphises
233:
230:
226:British Museum
205:Charles Masson
196:
193:
185:British Museum
148:
147:
134:
133:
126:
125:
119:
118:
117:
116:
104:
103:
96:
95:
89:
88:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
67:British Museum
64:
60:
59:
58:2nd Century AD
56:
52:
51:
50:Height 17.8 cm
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2893:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:Bajaur casket
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Buner reliefs
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2713:Tepe Maranjan
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:Butkara Stupa
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Sahr-i-Bahlol
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Kushan Empire
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Franks Casket
1960:
1958:
1957:Boxwood altar
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Oxus Treasure
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1835:Burney Relief
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:White Obelisk
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Balawat Gates
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1647:Portland Vase
1645:
1643:
1642:Piranesi Vase
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Pericles bust
1630:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:Mainz Gladius
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Elgin Marbles
1508:
1506:
1505:Elgin Amphora
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:Bassae Frieze
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:Armento Rider
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:Rosetta Stone
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Prudhoe Lions
1178:
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1120:Ancient Egypt
1117:
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1066:Briggs Enigma
1064:
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1061:Benin Bronzes
1059:
1057:
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896:(in French).
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749:
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277:Mahasanghikas
274:
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229:
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222:Indian Museum
218:
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53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2851:Buddhist art
2802:
2792:
2698:Sphola Stupa
2693:Khair Khaneh
2602:Kunala Stupa
2592:Mohra Muradu
2577:Dharmarajika
2539:Pushkalavati
2519:Saidu Sharif
2429:Takht-i-Bahi
2362:Hindu Shahis
2193:Private Case
2173:Blythe House
2150:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2029:Hedwig glass
2021:
1902:Taylor Prism
1889:
1595:Oscan Tablet
1560:Lycurgus Cup
1550:Jennings Dog
1425:Blacas Cameo
1400:Arundel Head
1349:
1337:
1293:Kang Hou gui
1104:Tree of Life
1102:
1090:
1043:and Americas
944:
941:Wilson, H.H.
923:
897:
893:
874:
850:
829:
803:(1): 21–61.
800:
796:
777:
743:
712:
700:. Retrieved
696:
686:
674:
662:
646:
619:
607:
595:
583:. Retrieved
573:
561:
554:Fussman 1974
549:
537:
521:
496:
444:
426:
423:Similar vase
414:Mahāsāṃghika
395:
367:
340:
314:
296:Inscription
265:
235:
198:
153:
151:
77:Registration
42:Copper alloy
2793:Wardak Vase
2773:Kabul hoard
2708:Tepe Narenj
2703:Tapa Sardar
2688:Fondukistan
2651:Tapa Shotor
2638:Afghanistan
2554:Sikri stupa
2494:Shingardara
2464:Jamal Garhi
2412:Archaeology
2357:Turk Shahis
2352:Alchon Huns
1972:Hoxne Hoard
1810:Lyres of Ur
1785:Uruk Trough
1780:Blacas ewer
1757:Middle East
1450:Burgon vase
1350:Wardak Vase
1263:David Vases
1170:Min Palette
1155:Hornedjitef
1056:Aubin Codex
1033:and objects
1031:Departments
1012:Great Court
719:, pp.
667:Bracey 2017
651:Masson 1841
528:, pp.
526:Masson 1841
489:Logar River
474: /
459:34°7′18.1″N
262:Inscription
232:Description
173:Afghanistan
154:Wardak Vase
22:Wardak Vase
2840:Categories
2627:Bhir Mound
2549:Hashtnagar
2499:Ali Masjid
2489:Aziz Dheri
2444:Aziz Dheri
2439:Baho Dheri
2049:Prints and
2007:Sutton Hoo
1982:Lindow Man
1949:and Europe
1947:Prehistory
1795:Palmer Cup
1742:Warren Cup
1710:Discobolus
1580:Meroë Head
1535:Harpy Tomb
1303:Klang Bell
900:: 65–130.
717:Konow 1929
702:13 January
679:Baums 2012
653:, p.
585:11 January
513:References
430:Nezak Huns
416:teachers.
387:Avīci Hell
333:Śākya Sage
299:Original (
285:South Asia
252:Kanishka I
177:Kharoshthi
2726:Artifacts
2683:Mes Aynak
2534:Charsadda
2509:Ahin Posh
2469:Yusufzai
2211:Directors
1545:Isis Tomb
1308:Kulu Vase
1122:and Sudan
1051:Akan Drum
827:(2017a).
817:149016806
736:Falk 2008
462:68°30′2″E
273:monastery
195:Discovery
2668:Shotorak
2636:Eastern
2622:Mankiala
2612:Badalpur
2420:Peshawar
2293:Gandhara
2251:Category
2231:Trustees
2203:Secretum
2067:Epifania
2051:Drawings
1705:Caryatid
1700:Antinous
1362:and Rome
1005:Building
935:(1841).
914:43485375
256:Huvishka
39:Material
2678:Bimaran
2673:Paitava
2617:Bhallar
2597:Jandial
2587:Kalawan
2582:Jaulian
2544:Ranigat
2529:Barikot
2524:Chakpat
2484:Bhamala
2376:Culture
2300:History
2221:Keepers
2216:Friends
1715:Hadrian
963:, 1992)
943:(ed.).
758:Sources
530:117-118
380:bhavatu
360:Huviṣka
281:Mathura
269:royalty
239:grooves
201:British
55:Created
2572:Sirkap
2564:Taxila
2504:Sphola
2207:Staff
2074:I Modi
1360:Greece
912:
881:
858:
837:
815:
784:
396:Line 4
368:Line 3
341:Line 2
315:Line 1
246:kings
244:Kushan
213:Wardak
209:stupas
158:copper
135:Wardak
105:Wardak
71:London
2646:Hadda
2422:basin
2166:Other
2119:Other
1725:Venus
939:. In
910:JSTOR
813:S2CID
770:(PDF)
485:Kabul
436:Notes
217:Kabul
165:relic
162:stupa
2514:Swat
1720:Vase
1215:Asia
879:ISBN
856:ISBN
835:ISBN
782:ISBN
704:2023
587:2023
254:and
152:The
47:Size
1620:103
1615:102
902:doi
805:doi
655:118
187:'s
171:of
2842::
1610:85
1605:84
908:.
898:30
811:.
801:44
799:.
728:^
695:.
631:^
303:)
258:.
250:,
228:.
191:.
69:,
2285:e
2278:t
2271:v
990:e
983:t
976:v
916:.
904::
887:.
864:.
843:.
819:.
807::
790:.
738:.
723:.
706:.
669:.
657:.
589:.
532:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
