French horn - Knowledge

1883: 1029: 1637:, an octave below a normal trumpet). It is also available in F alto, one octave above the F side of a double horn (or the high F side of a triple horn). The marching horn is also played with a horn mouthpiece (unlike the mellophone, which needs an adapter to fit the horn mouthpiece). These instruments are primarily used in marching bands so that the sound comes from a forward-facing bell, as dissipation of the sound from the backward-facing bell becomes a concern in open-air environments. Many college marching bands and drum corps, however, use mellophones instead, which, with many marching bands, better balance the tone of the other brass instruments; additionally, mellophones require less special training of trumpeters, who considerably outnumber horn players. Some college marching bands use marching French horns when accompanying choirs as to not overpower their singing. 1547:, it uses the pumpenvalve (or Vienna valve), which is a double-piston operating inside the valve slides, and usually situated on the opposite side of the corpus from the player's left hand, and operated by a long pushrod. Unlike the modern horn, which has grown considerably larger internally (for a bigger, broader, and louder tone), and considerably heavier (with the addition of valves and tubing in the case of the double horn) the Vienna horn very closely mimics the size and weight of the natural horn, (although the valves do add some weight, they are lighter than rotary valves) even using crooks in the front of the horn, between the mouthpiece and the instrument. Although instead of the full range of keys, Vienna horn players usually use an F crook and it is looked down upon to use others, though switching to an A or B 943:

side-to-side placement of the mouthpiece varies for most horn players, the up-and-down placement of the mouthpiece is generally two-thirds on the upper lip and one-third on the lower lip. When playing higher notes, the majority of players exert a small degree of additional pressure on the lips using the mouthpiece. However, this is undesirable from the perspective of both endurance and tone: excessive mouthpiece pressure makes the horn sound forced and harsh and decreases the player's stamina due to the resulting constricted flow of blood to the lips and lip muscles. Added pressure from the lips to the mouthpiece can also result in tension in the face resulting in what brass players often call "pushing". As mentioned before, this results in an undesirable sound, and loss of stamina.

1605:. Mouthpiece adapters are available so that a horn mouthpiece can fit into the mellophone lead pipe (some of them are designed to where the end is bent at a 45-degree angle so that they can use the same embouchure), but this does not compensate for the many differences that a horn player must adapt to. The "feel" of the mellophone can be foreign to a horn player. Another unfamiliar aspect of the mellophone is that it is designed to be played with the right hand instead of the left (though it can be played with the left). Intonation can also be an issue with the mellophone. 2403: 1384:(also called German silver, an alloy of copper, nickel and zinc, containing no actual silver) while Geyer horns tend to be of yellow brass; although these differences in finish aren't as prevalent today - horns of both finishes can be found in either wrap. Both models have their own strengths and weaknesses, and while the choice of instrument is very personal, an orchestral horn section is usually found to have either one or the other, owing to the differences in tone color, response, and projection of the two different styles. 2520: 1140: 1473: 38: 2496: 2422: 1505:. The natural horn can only play from a single harmonic series at a time because there is only one length of tubing available to the horn player. A proficient player can indeed alter the pitch by partially muting the bell with the right hand, thus enabling the player to reach some notes that are not part of the instrument's natural harmonic series – of course this technique also affects the quality of the tone. The player has a choice of key by using crooks to change the length of tubing. 1872: 2463: 1003:. In this sense, "French horn" refers to a narrow-bore instrument (10.8–11.0 mm ) with three Périnet (piston) valves. It retains the narrow bell-throat and mouthpipe crooks of the orchestral hand horn of the late 18th century, and most often has an "ascending" third valve. This is a whole-tone valve arranged so that with the valve in the "up" position the valve loop is engaged, but when the valve is pressed the loop is cut out, raising the pitch by a whole tone. 2508: 2391: 1597:. Though they are usually played with a V-cup cornet-like mouthpiece, their range overlaps the common playing range of the horn. This mouthpiece switch makes the mellophone louder, less mellow, and more brassy and brilliant, making it more appropriate for marching bands. Often now with the use of converters, traditional conical horn mouthpieces are used to achieve the more mellow sound of a horn to make the marching band sound more like a concert band. 2484: 1249: 2379: 2364: 2352: 2434: 2451: 1514: 140: 1709: 1694:, below the bass clef staff to high C above the treble staff when read in F. The low pedal tones are substantially easier to play on the Wagner tuba than on the horn. Wagner viewed the regular horn as a woodwind rather than a brass instrument, evidenced by his placing of the horn parts in his orchestral scores in the woodwind group and not in their usual place above the trumpets in the brass section. 1582:, either by changing crooks/leadpipes, or by a valve dedicated to this purpose. Older examples often included the ability to be played in the keys of D and/or C as well. Manufacturing of this instrument sharply decreased in the middle of the 20th century, and this mellophone (or mellophonium) rarely appears today. 1902:

write for horns, as the third and fourth horns can take over from the first and second horns or play contrasting material. For example, if the piece is in C minor, the first and second horns might be in C, the tonic major key, which could get most of the notes, and the third and fourth horns might be in E

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While horn players may be asked to play the mellophone, it is unlikely that the instrument was ever intended as a substitute for the horn, mainly because of the fundamental differences described. As an instrument it compromises between the ability to sound like a horn, while being used like a trumpet

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change valve above the first valve, near the thumb. The Geyer wrap has the change valve behind the third valve, near the little finger (although the valve's trigger is still played with the thumb). In effect, the air flows in a completely different direction on the other model. Kruspe wrap horns tend

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8D, a mass-produced instrument based on the Kruspe design, has been extremely popular in many areas (New York, Los Angeles, Cleveland, Philadelphia). Since roughly the early 1990s, however, for reasons ranging from changing tastes to a general dislike of Conn's newer 8Ds, orchestras have been moving

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crook for higher pitched music does happen on occasion. Vienna horns are often used with funnel shaped mouthpieces similar to those used on the natural horn, with very little (if any) backbore and a very thin rim. The Viennese horn requires very specialized technique and can be quite challenging to

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countries, the Alex 103 is extremely popular. These horns do not fit strictly into the Kruspe or Knopf camps, but have features of both. Alexander prefers the traditional medium bell size, which they have produced for many years, whereas Paxman do offer their models in a range of bell throat sizes.

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by default by making a simple adjustment to the valves. The two sets of tones are commonly called "sides" of the horn. Using the fourth valve not only changes the basic length (and thus the harmonic series and pitch) of the instrument, it also causes the three main valves to use proportionate slide

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horn, which, although easier to play accurately, has a less desirable sound in the mid and especially the low register where it is not able to play all of the notes. The solution has been the development of the double horn, which combines the two into one horn with a single lead pipe and bell. Both

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horns have a valve to put them in the key of A. The problem with single horns is the inevitable choice between accuracy or tone – while the F horn has the "typical" horn sound, above third-space C accuracy is a concern for the majority of players because, by its nature, one plays high in the horn's

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Music written for the modern horn follows a similar pattern with the first and third horns being high and the second and fourth horns being low. This configuration serves multiple purposes. It is easier to play high when the adjacent player is playing low and vice versa. Pairing makes it easier to

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for the first time. Valves were originally used primarily as a means to play in different keys without crooks, not for harmonic playing. That is reflected in compositions for horns, which only began to include chromatic passages in the late-19th century. There were many different versions of early

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and Friedrich Blümel patented the first valved horn, using rotary valves. François Périnet introduced piston valves in France about 1839. The use of valves initially aimed to overcome problems associated with changing crooks during a performance. Valves' unreliability, musical taste, and players'

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The name "French horn" first came into use in the late 17th century. At that time, French makers were preeminent in the manufacture of hunting horns and were credited with creating the now-familiar, circular "hoop" shape of the instrument. As a result, these instruments were often called, even in

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A crucial element in playing the horn deals with the mouthpiece. The mouthpiece is usually placed in the exact center of the lips, but, because of differences in the formation of the lips and teeth of different players, some tend to play with the mouthpiece slightly off center. Although the exact

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is the ancestor of the modern horn. It is essentially descended from hunting horns, with its pitch controlled by air speed, aperture (opening of the lips through which air passes) and the use of the right hand moving around, as well as in and out of the bell. Although a few recent composers have

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Many orchestral horn sections in the 2010s also have an assistant who doubles the first horn part for selected passages, joining in loud parts, playing instead of the principal if there is a first horn solo approaching, or alternating with the principal if the part is tiring to play. Often the

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for violin, horn and piano (for which, however, Brahms specified the natural horn). Also, the horn can be used by itself in a horn ensemble or "horn choir". The horn choir is especially practical because the extended range of the horn provides the composer or arranger with more possibilities,

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As they are pitched in F or G and their range overlaps that of the horn, mellophones can be used in place of the horn in brass and marching band settings. Mellophones are, however, sometimes unpopular with horn players because the mouthpiece change can be difficult and requires a different

1576:. The first is an instrument shaped somewhat like a horn, in that it is formed in a circle and is often referred to as a "classic" or "concert" mellophone. It has piston valves and is played with the right hand on the valves. Most are pitched in the key of F, with facility to switch to E 1837:

for four horns and orchestra is a notable three-movement work. Brahms had a lifelong love-affair with the instrument, with many prominently featured parts throughout his four symphonies. Despite his use of natural horns in his work (e.g., Horns in B♮ in the second movement of his

1018: 854:. The backward-facing orientation of the bell relates to the perceived desirability to create a subdued sound in concert situations, in contrast to the more piercing quality of the trumpet. A horn without valves is known as a natural horn, changing pitch along the natural 862:). Pitch may also be controlled by the position of the hand in the bell, in effect reducing the bell's diameter. The pitch of any note can easily be raised or lowered by adjusting the hand position in the bell. The key of a natural horn can be changed by adding different 1449:

The horn, although not large, is awkward in its shape and does not lend itself well to transport where space is shared or limited, especially on planes. To compensate, horn makers can make the bell detachable; this allows for smaller and more manageable horn cases.

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assistant is asked to play a passage after resting a long time. Also, he or she may be asked to enter in the middle of a passage, exactly matching the sound, articulation, and overall interpretation of the principal, thus enabling the principal horn to rest a bit.

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More recently, "French horn" is often used colloquially, though the adjective has normally been avoided when referring to the European orchestral horn, ever since the German horn began replacing the French-style instrument in British orchestras around 1930. The

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slides to give the necessary tubing length for playing in F. As for the full double horn, the air is routed through the appropriate slide(s) by use of the fourth valve. Compensating double horns are lighter than full double horns because of this design.

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are available. By combining a long length with a narrow bore, the French horn's design allows the player to easily reach the higher overtones which differ by whole tones or less, thus making it capable of playing melodies before valves were invented.

1898:(early 1800s) onwards commonly used four horns. Here, the first and second horns played as a pair (first horn being high, second horn being low), and the third and fourth horns played as another pair (third horn being high, fourth horn being low). 1331:

Despite the introduction of valves, the single F horn proved difficult for use in the highest range, where the partials grew closer and closer, making accuracy a great challenge. An early solution was simply to use a horn of higher pitch—usually

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In the mid-18th century, horn players began to insert the right hand into the bell to change the length of the instrument, adjusting the tuning up to the distance between two adjacent harmonics depending on how much of the opening was covered.

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valves, most being variants of the piston and rotary systems used in modern horns. Early valves by Blühmel are cited as possibly the first rotary valve, but the first confirmed rotary valve design was in 1832 by Joseph Riedl in Vienna.

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Discussion of the repertoire of horns must recognize the different needs of orchestras and concert bands in contrast to marching bands, as above, but also the use of horns in a wide variety of music, including chamber music and jazz.

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The Wagner tuba is a rare brass instrument that is essentially a horn modified to have a larger bell throat and a vertical bell. Despite its name and its somewhat tuba-shaped appearance, it is generally not considered part of the

1405:, and Ricco-Kuhn) are used in other areas (San Francisco, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Boston, Houston). The CF Schmidt double, with its unique piston change valve, is occasionally found in sections playing Geyer/Knopf model equipment. 1440:

A triple horn has more tubing, adding a descant horn to the double horn and hence giving more assistance for the high range. The descant horn is most commonly in F, sounding an octave higher than the normal F horn.

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to make such horns playable in different keys—so musicians came to use "French" and "German" to distinguish the simple hunting horn from the newer horn with crooks, which in England was also called the Italian name

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Early metal horns were less complex than modern horns, consisting of brass tubes, wound around a few times, with a slightly flared opening (the bell). These early "hunting" horns were originally played on a

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music. (Note that colloquially in jazz, the word "horn" refers to any wind instrument.) Notable exponents, however, began including French horn in jazz pieces and ensembles. These include composer/arranger

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In the US, the two most common styles ("wraps") of double horns are named Kruspe and Geyer/Knopf, after the first instrument makers who developed and standardized them. The Kruspe wrap locates the B

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basso. Since the only notes available were those on the harmonic series of one of those pitches, horn-players had no ability to play in different keys. The remedy for this limitation was the use of

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and was responsible for this statement in every issue, 'The International Horn Society recommends that HORN be recognized as the correct name for our instrument in the English language.'

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play, even for accomplished players of modern horns. The Vienna horn has a warmer, softer sound than the modern horn. Its pumpenvalves facilitate a continuous transition between notes (

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distrust, among other reasons, slowed their adoption into the mainstream. Many traditional conservatories and players refused to use them at first, claiming that the valveless horn, or

3881: 1357:. By using a fourth valve (usually operated by the thumb), the horn player can quickly switch from the deep, warm tones of the F horn to the higher, brighter tones of the B 1589:, it is keyed in F. It is shaped like a flugelhorn, with piston valves played with the right hand and a forward-pointing bell. These horns are generally considered better 1894:

A classical orchestra usually has at least two French horn players. Typically, the first horn played a high part and the second horn played a low part. Composers from

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Single horns use a single set of tubes connected to the valves. This allows for simplicity of use and a much lighter weight. They are usually in the keys of F or B

1064:). Change of pitch was controlled entirely by the lips (the horn not being equipped with valves until the 19th century. Without valves, only the notes within the 1593:

than regular horns because their position is more stable on the mouth, they project better, and they weigh less. It is primarily used as the middle voice of

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The horn is most often used as an orchestral and concert band instrument, with its singular tone being employed by composers to achieve specific effects.

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horns are sometimes used in solo and chamber performances and the single F survives orchestrally as the Vienna horn. Additionally, single F alto and B

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The second instrument is used in modern brass bands and marching bands, and is more accurately called a "marching mellophone". A derivative of the F

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or F, and a stopping valve, which greatly simplifies the complicated and difficult hand-stopping technique, though these are rarer. Also common are

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main types of single horns are still used today as student models because they are cheaper and lighter than double horns. In addition, the single B

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Horns may be classified into single horn, double horn, compensating double horn, and triple horn as well as having the option of detachable bells.

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Pitch is controlled through the combination of the following factors: speed of air through the instrument (controlled by the player's lungs and

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In Europe the most popular horns are arguably those made by Gebr. Alexander, of Mainz (particularly the Alexander 103), and those made by

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pioneer, after whom the International Horn Society's annual horn playing award is named, also a violinist, concertmaster, and composer

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has a fourth, trigger valve, usually operated by the thumb, which routes the air to one set of tubing tuned to F or another tuned to B

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The variety in horn history necessitates consideration of the natural horn, Vienna horn, mellophone, marching horn, and Wagner tuba.

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The double horn also combines two instruments into a single frame: the original horn in F, and a second, higher horn keyed in B

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Harold Meek is described by everyone as a gentleman, a perfectionist, and one who loved the horn. He was the first editor of

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or F, or, more recently, as a double tuba similar to the double horn. It is usually played in a range similar to that of the

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6D double horn. The three lever keys (above the large valves) can be depressed toward the large outer tube. The thumb key (

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of animals before starting to emulate naturally occurring horns with metal ones. The use of animal horns survives with the

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A natural horn has no valves, but can be tuned to a different key by inserting different tubing, as during a rest period.

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away from the popular Conn 8D. Geyer model horns (by Carl Geyer, Karl Hill, Keith Berg, Steve Lewis, Jerry Lechniuk,

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satirizes the limitations of contemporary horn playing, including the risk of selecting the wrong crook by mistake.

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contains one of the best known horn solos from this period, relying on the chromatic facility of the valved horn.

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The marching horn is quite similar to the mellophone in shape and appearance, but it is pitched in the key of B

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There is also a more specific use of "French horn" to describe a particular horn type, differentiated from the

2519: 1959:'s jazz band. Notable works of Ellis' jazz French horn include "Strawberry Soup" and other songs on the album 3835: 3804: 2536: 2243: 2234: 2188: 2139: 2029: 1703: 1594: 1380:

to be larger in the bell throat than the Geyer wrap horns. Traditionally, Kruspe models are constructed from

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family, because the instrument's relatively narrow bore causes it to play more like a horn. Invented for

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The art of French horn playing : a treatise on the problems and techniques of French Horn playing …

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made great use of the horn's uniquely haunting and distant sound in his symphonies, notably the famous

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had been developed, allowing fully chromatic playing, composers began to write seriously for the horn.

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side and a longer set for the F side); a compensating double horn only has full-length slides for the B

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horn was extensively debated among horn players of the late 19th century, until the German horn maker

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by the left hand, which route the air into extra sections of tubing. Most horns have lever-operated

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Many composers have written works that have become favorites in the horn repertoire. These include

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lower than written. In older music, bass-clef notes are written one octave lower and thus sound a

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Mellophones, as indicated, use the same fingering as trumpets and are operated by the right hand.

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The Horn Parts in Handel's Operas and Oratorios and the Horn Players who Performed in These Works

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People who are more notable for their other achievements, but also play the horn, include actors

2193: 2164: 2073: 2069: 1839: 1791: 1764: 1662: 1297: 1065: 1032:"How to shout and blow horns."—Facsimile of a miniature in a manuscript of the hunting manual of 428: 255: 2850: 2351: 3907: 3686: 2297: 2090: 2082: 2061: 1740: 1736: 1321: 1217: 1120: 831: 2725:(2nd print., with revisions ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 215. 1779: 3432: 3054: 2904: 2197: 2103: 1982: 1744: 1171:

harmonic series where the overtones are closer together. This led to the development of the B

807:) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands, although the 3830: 3566: 3546: 3529: 3452: 2433: 2006: 1961: 1895: 1850:

There is an abundance of chamber music repertoire for horn. It is a standard member of the

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Horn and conductor : reminiscences of a practitioner with a few words of advice

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alto descants are used in the performance of some baroque horn concertos and F, B

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horn have become increasingly popular. A musician who plays a horn is known as a

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who included the French horn as an ensemble instrument from the 1940s, first in

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The development of the valve horn was exploited by romantic composers such as

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or flugelhorn, a tradeoff that sacrifices acoustic properties for ergonomics.

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horn, or vice versa, as the horn player may choose to have the horn set into B

3896: 3871: 3794: 3743: 3708: 3514: 3472: 3386: 3357: 3352: 3039: 2313: 2220: 2158: 2150: 2130: 1855: 1842:), players today typically play Brahms's music on modern valved instruments. 1756: 1752: 1381: 1097: 863: 708: 652: 364: 304: 172: 146: 131: 2890: 2740: 2622: 1951:, and in many other projects that sometimes also featured Davis, as well as 1472: 3876: 3789: 3696: 3691: 3622: 3489: 3479: 3467: 3260: 2832: 2687: 2409: 2053: 2047: 2041: 1876: 1851: 1731: 1634: 1544: 1540: 1487: 1481: 1402: 1233: 1206:'s benchmark recordings of the Mozart Horn Concerti were made on a single B 1203: 1022: 839: 835: 581: 187: 2589: 1061: 606: 3333: 3328: 3323: 2370: 2321: 2251: 2226: 2202: 2135: 1978: 1970: 1956: 1948: 1798:

was a noted horn player, wrote extensively for the instrument, including

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Meek strongly advocates using the term 'horn' rather than 'French horn.'

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A full double horn has two full-length sets of slides (one set for the B

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wrote much for the horn, and it features prominently in the work of

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As the name indicates, humans originally used to blow on the actual

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has recommended since 1971 that the instrument be simply called the

901:. Triple horns with five valves are also made, usually tuned in F, B 3748: 3597: 3372: 3341: 1799: 1667: 1425:

side and a shorter set of slides whose length can be added to the B

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and former principal horn in various orchestras, including the

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William VerMeulen – horn soloist and former principal horn of

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List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers

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or F. There are also double horns with five valves tuned in B

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made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The

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horn and author of several books on horn and brass playing

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A complete guide to brass : instruments and pedagogy

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Brass instruments : their history and development

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competition in 1988 and current principal horn of the

3024:. Published for Unicef by Facts On File. p. 68. 2672:. Evanston, Il.: Summy-Birchard. pp. 6, 21, 65. 2028:– famous Czech horn player, former principal horn in 1866: 1965:. Notable improvising horn players in jazz include 2567: 2638:"Alexander 107 Descant w/Stopping Valve - $ 7800" 1491:written specifically for the natural horn (e.g., 1048:, a ram's horn, which plays an important role in 3894: 2917:of London in the movement from 45:40 onward in 2501:A horn by Alexander, once owned by Dennis Brain 1908:, the relative major key, to fill in the gaps. 3019: 3219: 2607:. New York: Schirmer Books. pp. 40, 44. 1863:registerally, sonically, and contrapuntally. 1720: 763: 2948:. New York: Schirmer Books. pp. 41–46. 1930:The French horn was at first rarely used in 1244:) moves inward toward the three finger keys. 1196:and F alto singles are occasionally used by 869:Three valves control the flow of air in the 3185:at Paxman, compiled with the assistance of 2791:Meek, Harold (February 1971). "The Horn!". 2287:, former principal horn and soloist of the 2263:and author of several books on horn playing 1408: 126:(Valved aerophone sounded by lip vibration) 3226: 3212: 3152:Homepage of the International Horn Society 2972:, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), 1947:nonet (nine-piece group) led by trumpeter 889:which expands the horn range to over four 770: 756: 2211:Indiana University Jacobs School of Music 1943:'s groups, and later with the pioneering 1784:Morceau de Concert for horn and orchestra 1289:Valve levers, operated with the left hand 3170:From mines to music: The venerable valve 3160:, UK-based organisation for horn playing 2943: 2699: 2697: 2602: 2125:– former principal horn for a number of 1881: 1870: 1707: 1512: 1471: 1247: 1227: 1138: 1027: 1016: 873:, which is tuned to F or less commonly B 838:, but some, especially older horns, use 3083: 2817:. New York: Scribner. pp. 221–23. 2720: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2596: 2000: 14: 3895: 2812: 2714: 2703: 2667: 2565: 2427:A replica of a Mozart-era natural horn 1324:; the right hand is cupped inside this 1280:Fourth valve to change between F and B 1072:Early horns were commonly pitched in B 960:(the clear modern distinction between 3233: 3207: 3052: 2864: 2806: 2694: 2603:Whitener, Scott and Cathy L. (1990). 2559: 2489:A French-made horn with piston valves 1501:), today it is played primarily as a 786:(since the 1930s known simply as the 3164:First steps of making a horn by hand 3132: 2870: 2790: 2784: 2747: 2654: 1531:is a special horn used primarily in 790:in professional music circles) is a 3004: 2989: 2970:The Acoustical Foundations of Music 2285:ARD International Music Competition 2034:ARD International Music Competition 2017:ARD International Music Competition 24: 3172:, by musicologist Edmund A. Bowles 3114:from the original on March 4, 2016 3007:"Playing Descant and Triple Horns" 2574:(1st ed.). New York: Norton. 2021:Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra 1444: 1303:Long tubing for F pitch with slide 933:doubles, which typically provide B 138: 25: 3939: 3145: 3105: 2336:, and rapper and record producer 1867:Orchestral and concert band horns 3166:(QuickTime Movie) at Finke Horns 3022:Musical instruments of the world 2992:"What is a Compensating Double?" 2753: 2635: 2518: 2506: 2494: 2482: 2461: 2449: 2432: 2420: 2401: 2389: 2377: 2362: 2350: 2293:Mozarteum University of Salzburg 2177:– former Principal Horn for the 2129:studios and composers including 1845: 1826:Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks 1790:, op. 36). Others, particularly 1612: 1453: 1268:, where the mouthpiece is placed 1143:Single horn in F, student model. 952:English, by their French names: 858:of the instrument (similar to a 36: 3126: 3099: 3084:Ericson, John (28 March 2010). 3077: 3068: 3055:"The History of the Mellophone" 3046: 3013: 2998: 2983: 2962: 2937: 2897: 2839: 2320:, comedian and television host 2289:Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra 2259:– former principal horn of the 2242:– former principal horn of the 2196:– former principal horn of the 2167:– former principal horn of the 2153:– former principal horn of the 2115:– former principal horn of the 2098:– former principal horn of the 2081:– former principal horn of the 2056:– former principal horn of the 1802:and other solo works. Mozart's 1467: 1338:. The use of the F versus the B 120:Hornbostel–Sachs classification 3800:Drum and bugle corps (classic) 2903:See, e.g., the performance of 2629: 2270:current principal Horn of the 2231:BBC Young Musician of the Year 2209:hornist 2000–2004, 2007–2010; 2171:, notable teacher and composer 2068:made well-known recordings of 2040:in 1988 and 1990, holder of a 1640: 1508: 1435: 1391:in London. In Germany and the 1223: 1147: 850:uses double-piston valves, or 13: 1: 3805:Drum and bugle corps (modern) 2552: 2537:List of compositions for horn 2244:Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra 2235:London Philharmonic Orchestra 2189:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra 2181:and well-known horn pedagogue 2140:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra 2030:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra 1890:, a chamber Baroque orchestra 1875:A horn section in a military 1704:List of compositions for horn 1697: 1633:(which is also the same as a 1572:Two instruments are called a 1561: 968:did not exist at that time). 261:List of compositions for horn 2248:Metropolitan Opera Orchestra 2087:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 2058:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 971:German makers first devised 248:More articles or information 7: 2530: 2268:Honolulu Symphony Orchestra 10: 3944: 3913:German musical instruments 3867:Pitch of brass instruments 3053:Monks, Greg (2006-01-06). 2760:International Horn Society 2414:Victoria and Albert Museum 2343: 2272:Houston Symphony Orchestra 2169:Madison Symphony Orchestra 2155:Chicago Symphony Orchestra 2138:– current principal horn, 2117:Chicago Symphony Orchestra 2004: 1922:Category:Jazz horn players 1919: 1915: 1763:(serenade) section of his 1749:Brandenburg Concerto no. 1 1721:Orchestra and concert band 1701: 1660:specifically for his work 1644: 1565: 1520: 1479: 1457: 1396:In the United States, the 1277:(also called a spit valve) 1107:In 1818 the German makers 1010: 1006: 986:International Horn Society 893:and blends with flutes or 803:(technically a variety of 65:Horn, Waldhorn, Ventilhorn 3859: 3813: 3772: 3679: 3636: 3580: 3445: 3241: 2847:"Grinell College Musical" 2756:"Harold Meek (1914–1998)" 2704:Beakes, Jennifer (2007). 2357:A modern full double horn 2261:London Symphony Orchestra 2185:Stefan de Leval Jezierski 1629:side of a double horn or 1252:Scheme of a double horn ( 252: 247: 236: 231: 220: 215: 164: 157: 137: 130: 118: 98: 54: 47: 35: 3903:Concert band instruments 3192:How to dismantle a valve 2944:Tuckwell, Barry (1983). 2871:Meek, Harold L. (1997). 2813:Baines, Anthony (1976). 2723:Anatomy of the orchestra 2721:Del Mar, Norman (1983). 2187:– longest serving horn, 2108:Los Angeles Philharmonic 1955:, a trumpet player from 1751:. Once the technique of 1409:Compensating double horn 1242:near the left-most valve 1216:, now on display at the 1131: 1050:Jewish religious rituals 27:Type of brass instrument 3020:Diagram Group. (1976). 2668:Farkas, Philip (1956). 2566:Piston, Walter (1955). 2547:List of horn techniques 2525:A rose gold French Horn 2513:A French horn in Berlin 2396:A French Omnitonic horn 2291:, and professor at the 2213:horn faculty since 2006 1792:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1663:Der Ring des Nibelungen 1300:, for tuning each valve 946: 256:List of horn techniques 145:In F the horn sounds a 3923:Orchestral instruments 3651:Marching baritone horn 3057:. Al's Mellophone Page 2642:Pope Instrument Repair 2468:An older, French-made 2091:BBC Symphony Orchestra 2083:Philharmonia Orchestra 2062:Philharmonia Orchestra 1891: 1879: 1713: 1518: 1477: 1328: 1245: 1218:Royal Academy of Music 1144: 1037: 1025: 866:of different lengths. 168:Tenor horn (alto horn) 143: 3836:Classical trombonists 3433:Double bell euphonium 3200:- List of horn etudes 3133:Rees, Jasper (2009). 2905:Johann Sebastian Bach 2283:– 1983 winner of the 2198:New York Philharmonic 2104:New York Philharmonic 2032:, 1994 winner of the 2015:– 1964 winner of the 1993:, Adam Unsworth, and 1885: 1874: 1711: 1516: 1475: 1251: 1231: 1142: 1031: 1020: 939:and alto F branches. 142: 3158:British Horn Society 2913:as performed by the 2219:– horn virtuoso and 2007:List of horn players 2001:Notable horn players 1886:The horn section in 1735:(hunting symphony). 1595:drum and bugle corps 1591:marching instruments 1254:view from underneath 224:List of horn players 153:higher than written. 42:A modern double horn 2542:List of horn makers 2439:A hunting horn in E 2332:bassist and singer 2157:, developer of the 2066:Herbert von Karajan 1989:, Giovanni Hoffer, 1926:French horn in jazz 1623:, the same as the B 1539:. Instead of using 1271:Adjustable handrest 694:Electronic keyboard 279:Musical instruments 273:Part of a series on 240:List of horn makers 159:Related instruments 32: 3785:British brass band 3656:Marching euphonium 3423:Subcontrabass tuba 3181:2017-06-30 at the 3108:"The Horn Section" 2318:David Ogden Stiers 2250:, and played with 2179:Metropolitan Opera 1892: 1880: 1714: 1519: 1478: 1329: 1309:Short tubing for B 1246: 1164:, and almost all B 1145: 1038: 1026: 980:(chromatic horn). 879:. The more common 824:thoracic diaphragm 796:double horn in F/B 423:String instruments 144: 30: 3890: 3889: 3846:Euphonium players 3235:Brass instruments 2920:"Mass in B Minor" 2281:Radovan Vlatković 2274:and professor at 1991:Arkady Shilkloper 1503:period instrument 1460:Horn (instrument) 1013:Horn (instrument) 899:woodwind ensemble 780: 779: 358:Brass instruments 268: 267: 16:(Redirected from 3935: 3928:Jazz instruments 3841:Jazz trombonists 3821:(all) Trumpeters 3759:Axial flow valve 3671:Contrabass bugle 3228: 3221: 3214: 3205: 3204: 3176:Horn maintenance 3139: 3138: 3137:. HarperCollins. 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3062: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2987: 2981: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2931: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2849:. Archived from 2843: 2837: 2836: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2762:. Archived from 2751: 2745: 2744: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2701: 2692: 2691: 2665: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2573: 2563: 2522: 2510: 2498: 2486: 2477: 2476: 2465: 2453: 2444: 2443: 2436: 2424: 2405: 2393: 2381: 2366: 2354: 2240:Gunther Schuller 2229:– winner of the 2100:Seattle Symphony 2038:Concertino Praga 2036:, winner of the 1941:Claude Thornhill 1907: 1906: 1888:I Solisti Veneti 1693: 1692: 1683: 1682: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1581: 1580: 1552: 1551: 1498:Hamburg Concerto 1430: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1417: 1378: 1377: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1355: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1336: 1315:pitch with slide 1314: 1313: 1285: 1284: 1211: 1210: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1156: 1109:Heinrich Stölzel 1095: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1021:Horn with three 954:trompe de chasse 938: 937: 928: 927: 922: 921: 916: 915: 906: 905: 888: 887: 878: 877: 801: 800: 792:brass instrument 772: 765: 758: 270: 269: 85:cor (d'harmonie) 49:Brass instrument 40: 33: 29: 21: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3855: 3826:Jazz trumpeters 3809: 3768: 3764:Harmonic series 3680:Parts/technique 3675: 3632: 3576: 3535:Soprano helicon 3505:Baroque trumpet 3500:Natural trumpet 3441: 3392:Alto/Tenor horn 3276:Fanfare trumpet 3237: 3232: 3183:Wayback Machine 3148: 3143: 3142: 3135:A Devil to Play 3131: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3106:Bacon, Thomas. 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3060: 3058: 3051: 3047: 3032: 3018: 3014: 3005:Ericson, John. 3003: 2999: 2990:Ericson, John. 2988: 2984: 2967: 2963: 2956: 2942: 2938: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2910:Mass in B Minor 2902: 2898: 2883: 2869: 2865: 2856: 2854: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2825: 2811: 2807: 2789: 2785: 2769: 2767: 2752: 2748: 2733: 2719: 2715: 2702: 2695: 2680: 2666: 2655: 2646: 2644: 2634: 2630: 2615: 2601: 2597: 2582: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2533: 2526: 2523: 2514: 2511: 2502: 2499: 2490: 2487: 2478: 2474: 2473: 2466: 2457: 2454: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2428: 2425: 2416: 2406: 2397: 2394: 2385: 2382: 2373: 2367: 2358: 2355: 2346: 2276:Rice University 2013:Hermann Baumann 2009: 2003: 1987:Vincent Chancey 1928: 1918: 1904: 1903: 1869: 1848: 1821:Richard Strauss 1794:, whose friend 1723: 1706: 1700: 1690: 1689: 1680: 1679: 1676:Richard Strauss 1649: 1643: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1578: 1577: 1570: 1564: 1549: 1548: 1525: 1511: 1484: 1470: 1462: 1456: 1447: 1445:Detachable bell 1438: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1375: 1374: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1333: 1327: 1311: 1310: 1282: 1281: 1226: 1214:Gebr. Alexander 1208: 1207: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1134: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1066:harmonic series 1015: 1009: 978:corno cromatico 949: 935: 934: 925: 924: 919: 918: 913: 912: 903: 902: 885: 884: 875: 874: 798: 797: 776: 747: 746: 737: 729: 728: 679: 669: 668: 639:aka Kettledrums 552: 542: 541: 425: 415: 414: 360: 350: 349: 290: 125: 111: 107: 87: 79: 67: 59: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3941: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3694: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3642: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3584: 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trombone 1614: 1611: 1566:Main article: 1563: 1560: 1521:Main article: 1510: 1507: 1480:Main article: 1469: 1466: 1458:Main article: 1455: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1410: 1407: 1326: 1325: 1319: 1316: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1295: 1290: 1287: 1278: 1272: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1225: 1222: 1212:instrument by 1149: 1146: 1133: 1130: 1036:(15th century) 1034:Gaston Phoebus 1023:Perinet valves 1011:Main article: 1008: 1005: 948: 945: 842:(similar to a 778: 777: 775: 774: 767: 760: 752: 749: 748: 745: 744: 738: 735: 734: 731: 730: 727: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 689:Clavicytherium 686: 680: 675: 674: 671: 670: 667: 666: 661: 656: 650: 645: 640: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 553: 548: 547: 544: 543: 540: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 426: 421: 420: 417: 416: 413: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 361: 356: 355: 352: 351: 348: 347: 342: 337: 332: 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1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1927: 1923: 1913: 1909: 1899: 1897: 1889: 1884: 1878: 1873: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1856:brass quintet 1853: 1846:Chamber music 1843: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1786:, op. 94 and 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1757:Gustav Mahler 1754: 1753:hand-stopping 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1718: 1710: 1705: 1695: 1687: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1648: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1613:Marching horn 1610: 1606: 1604: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1575: 1569: 1559: 1557: 1546: 1545:piston valves 1542: 1541:rotary valves 1538: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1515: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1493:György Ligeti 1489: 1483: 1474: 1465: 1461: 1454:Related horns 1451: 1442: 1433: 1406: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1383: 1382:nickel silver 1371: 1349: 1347: 1346:Eduard Kruspe 1323: 1320: 1317: 1308: 1306:General slide 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1293:Rotary valves 1291: 1288: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1250: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1141: 1137: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1099: 1090:, D, C, and B 1070: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1035: 1030: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1004: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 987: 981: 979: 974: 969: 967: 963: 959: 958:cor de chasse 955: 944: 940: 932: 910: 900: 896: 892: 882: 872: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 840:piston valves 837: 836:rotary valves 833: 829: 825: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 793: 789: 785: 773: 768: 766: 761: 759: 754: 753: 751: 750: 743: 740: 739: 733: 732: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 681: 678: 673: 672: 665: 662: 660: 657: 654: 653:Tubular bells 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 554: 551: 546: 545: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 469: 468: 467: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 432: 431: 430: 424: 419: 418: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 365:Baritone horn 363: 362: 359: 354: 353: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 305:Contrabassoon 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 289: 284: 283: 280: 277: 276: 272: 271: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 251: 246: 241: 238: 237: 235: 230: 225: 222: 221: 219: 214: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 173:Baritone horn 171: 169: 166: 165: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 147:perfect fifth 141: 136: 133: 132:Playing range 129: 123: 121: 117: 114: 110: 106: 103: 101: 97: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 57: 53: 50: 46: 39: 34: 19: 3877:Horn section 3831:Horn players 3790:Balkan brass 3697:Rotary valve 3692:Piston valve 3623:Tibetan horn 3490:Natural horn 3468:Mute cornett 3415: 3379: 3340: 3318: 3306: 3292: 3248: 3134: 3128: 3116:. Retrieved 3101: 3089:. Retrieved 3079: 3070: 3059:. Retrieved 3048: 3021: 3015: 3000: 2985: 2969: 2964: 2945: 2939: 2928:. Retrieved 2923: 2908: 2899: 2872: 2866: 2855:. Retrieved 2851:the original 2841: 2814: 2808: 2800: 2799:(1): 19–20. 2796: 2792: 2786: 2776: 2774: 2768:. Retrieved 2764:the original 2759: 2749: 2722: 2716: 2706: 2669: 2645:. Retrieved 2641: 2631: 2604: 2598: 2569: 2561: 2469: 2410:natural horn 2311: 2301: 2298:Sarah Willis 2194:Philip Myers 2165:Douglas Hill 2064:, with whom 2054:Dennis Brain 2048:Aubrey Brain 2042:Grammy Award 1962:Tears of Joy 1960: 1929: 1910: 1900: 1893: 1877:concert band 1852:wind quintet 1849: 1835:Konzertstück 1834: 1824: 1810: 1803: 1787: 1783: 1775: 1769: 1760: 1748: 1732:Jagdsinfonie 1730: 1724: 1715: 1712:Paxman horns 1661: 1650: 1635:bass trumpet 1616: 1607: 1599: 1584: 1573: 1571: 1526: 1496: 1488:natural horn 1485: 1482:Natural horn 1468:Natural horn 1463: 1448: 1439: 1412: 1386: 1372: 1350: 1330: 1253: 1241: 1204:Dennis Brain 1202: 1200:performers. 1151: 1135: 1118: 1114:natural horn 1113: 1106: 1102: 1084:, G, F, E, E 1071: 1054: 1039: 994: 989: 982: 977: 972: 970: 965: 961: 957: 953: 950: 941: 930: 880: 870: 868: 852:pumpenvalves 846:'s) and the 821: 819:or hornist. 812: 808: 795: 787: 783: 781: 582:Glockenspiel 465: 464: 427: 384: 188:Natural horn 92: 84: 76: 72: 64: 3334:Wagner tuba 3329:Vienna horn 3324:German horn 3319:French horn 3198:Horn Etudes 2636:Pope, Ken. 2371:Vienna horn 2322:Jon Stewart 2252:Miles Davis 2227:David Pyatt 2203:Jeff Nelsen 2136:Stefan Dohr 2119:(1966–2013) 1979:David Amram 1971:Willie Ruff 1957:Stan Kenton 1949:Miles Davis 1780:Saint-Saëns 1647:Wagner tuba 1641:Wagner tuba 1529:Vienna horn 1523:Vienna horn 1517:Vienna horn 1509:Vienna horn 1436:Triple horn 1224:Double horn 1220:in London. 1148:Single horn 1119:The use of 1001:Vienna horn 997:German horn 923:, descant E 881:double horn 871:single horn 848:Vienna horn 817:horn player 805:German horn 784:French horn 704:Harpsichord 482:Bass guitar 450:Hurdy-gurdy 440:Double bass 385:French horn 310:Cor anglais 208:Wagner tuba 203:Vienna horn 178:German horn 55:Other names 31:French horn 3897:Categories 3780:Brass band 3729:Pedal tone 3719:Mouthpiece 3714:Embouchure 3666:Sousaphone 3661:Trombonium 3646:Mellophone 3581:Indigenous 3572:Jazzophone 3562:Saxotromba 3552:Sudrophone 3542:Ophicleide 3463:Cornettino 3446:Antiquated 3397:Flugelhorn 3348:Contrabass 3256:Contrabass 3118:14 January 3091:14 January 3061:2008-07-29 3031:0871963205 2930:2013-11-29 2857:2019-01-10 2770:2018-09-04 2647:2018-02-22 2553:References 2326:Chuck Todd 2089:, and the 2079:Alan Civil 2005:See also: 1995:Tom Varner 1983:John Clark 1975:John Graas 1920:See also: 1761:Nachtmusik 1702:See also: 1698:Repertoire 1672:Stravinsky 1603:embouchure 1574:mellophone 1568:Mellophone 1562:Mellophone 1261:Mouthpiece 1078:alto, A, A 828:embouchure 684:Clavichord 659:Vibraphone 655:aka Chimes 627:Snare drum 597:Lithophone 550:Percussion 395:Tenor horn 390:Mellophone 380:Flugelhorn 325:Nadaswaram 183:Mellophone 3773:Ensembles 3754:Water key 3739:Valve oil 3495:Post horn 3428:Euphonium 3407:Kuhlohorn 3368:Superbone 3040:223164947 2127:Hollywood 1953:Don Ellis 1945:cool jazz 1937:Gil Evans 1896:Beethoven 1860:Horn Trio 1686:euphonium 1587:alto horn 1556:glissando 1403:Dan Rauch 1370:lengths. 1275:Water key 1125:chromatic 895:clarinets 856:harmonics 724:Virginals 699:Harmonium 677:Keyboards 664:Xylophone 648:Tubaphone 617:Mridangam 607:Marímbula 557:Bass drum 375:Euphonium 340:Saxophone 288:Woodwinds 216:Musicians 193:Post horn 105:Aerophone 3749:Leadpipe 3638:Marching 3598:Vuvuzela 3373:Cimbasso 3342:Trombone 3281:Firebird 3179:Archived 3112:Archived 2891:35636932 2741:10561390 2623:19128016 2531:See also 2475:♭ 2442:♭ 2060:and the 1905:♭ 1831:Schumann 1813:Bruckner 1800:concerti 1737:Telemann 1691:♯ 1681:♭ 1668:Bruckner 1626:♭ 1620:♭ 1579:♭ 1550:♭ 1428:♭ 1422:♭ 1416:♭ 1376:♭ 1366:♭ 1360:♭ 1354:♭ 1341:♭ 1335:♭ 1318:Bellpipe 1312:♭ 1283:♭ 1266:Leadpipe 1209:♭ 1193:♭ 1187:♭ 1181:♭ 1174:♭ 1167:♭ 1161:♭ 1155:♭ 1093:♭ 1087:♭ 1081:♭ 1075:♭ 936:♭ 926:♭ 920:♭ 914:♭ 907:, and a 904:♭ 886:♭ 876:♭ 799:♭ 643:Triangle 632:Steelpan 592:Handbell 567:Carillon 512:Shamisen 502:Mandolin 400:Trombone 315:Clarinet 295:Bagpipes 232:Builders 18:Waldhorn 3851:Tubists 3814:Players 3588:Alphorn 3567:Bazooka 3557:Saxtuba 3547:Serpent 3530:Helicon 3525:Sackbut 3510:Buccina 3458:Cornett 3453:Clarion 3402:Fiscorn 3381:Saxhorn 3363:Soprano 3286:Flumpet 3266:Piccolo 3250:Trumpet 2924:YouTube 2833:3795926 2688:5587694 2412:at the 2344:Gallery 2330:The Who 1916:In jazz 1788:Romance 1772:Poulenc 1743:and in 1537:Austria 1393:Benelux 1286:pitches 1062:recheat 1007:History 962:trompes 931:descant 909:descant 891:octaves 844:trumpet 809:descant 637:Timpani 602:Marimba 577:Cymbals 572:Celesta 527:Ukulele 522:Tambura 487:Guzheng 466:Plucked 405:Trumpet 335:Piccolo 300:Bassoon 198:Saxhorn 124:423.232 3724:Falset 3687:Valves 3618:Sringa 3613:Shofar 3608:Carnyx 3520:Buccin 3294:Cornet 3242:Modern 3038: 3028: 2976: 2952: 2926:. 2012 2889: 2879: 2831: 2821: 2739: 2729: 2686: 2676: 2621: 2611: 2590:300471 2588: 2578: 2106:, and 2085:, the 2070:Mozart 2044:(1995) 1819:, and 1817:Mahler 1778:) and 1776:Elegie 1741:Handel 1533:Vienna 1389:Paxman 1298:Slides 1234:valves 1121:valves 1098:crooks 1046:shofar 973:crooks 864:crooks 832:valves 813:triple 742:Ghatam 736:Others 719:Spinet 537:Zither 477:Guitar 460:Violin 370:Cornet 345:Tharai 91: 83: 73:trompa 71: 63: 3918:Horns 3860:Other 3744:Crook 3704:Mutes 3628:Wazza 3603:Nyele 3593:Nabal 3480:Cornu 3314:Bugle 2915:Proms 2338:B.o.B 1236:of a 1132:Types 1042:horns 897:in a 860:bugle 714:Piano 709:Organ 622:Parai 612:Melam 517:Sitar 472:Banjo 455:Viola 445:Huqin 435:Cello 429:Bowed 320:Flute 113:Brass 93:corno 77:corno 3734:Bore 3485:Dord 3417:Tuba 3358:Alto 3353:Bass 3308:Horn 3261:Bass 3120:2012 3093:2012 3036:OCLC 3026:ISBN 2974:ISBN 2950:ISBN 2946:Horn 2887:OCLC 2877:ISBN 2829:OCLC 2819:ISBN 2737:OCLC 2727:ISBN 2684:OCLC 2674:ISBN 2619:OCLC 2609:ISBN 2586:OCLC 2576:ISBN 2472:in E 2316:and 2246:and 1932:jazz 1924:and 1854:and 1745:Bach 1674:and 1654:tuba 1527:The 1486:The 1398:Conn 1322:Bell 1238:Conn 1232:The 1198:jazz 1058:hunt 999:and 990:horn 966:cors 964:and 947:Name 811:and 788:horn 782:The 587:Gong 562:Bell 532:Yazh 507:Harp 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