William Ewart Gladstone

13764: 5250:... they are not your friends, but they are your enemies in fact, though not in intention, who teach you to look to the Legislature for the radical removal of the evils that afflict human life. ... It is the individual mind and conscience, it is the individual character, on which mainly human happiness or misery depends. (Cheers.) The social problems that confront us are many and formidable. Let the Government labour to its utmost, let the Legislature labour days and nights in your service; but, after the very best has been attained and achieved, the question whether the English father is to be the father of a happy family and the centre of a united home is a question which must depend mainly upon himself. (Cheers.) And those who ... promise to the dwellers in towns that every one of them shall have a house and garden in free air, with ample space; those who tell you that there shall be markets for selling at wholesale prices retail quantities – I won't say are impostors, because I have no doubt they are sincere; but I will say they are quacks (cheers); they are deluded and beguiled by a spurious philanthropy, and when they ought to give you substantial, even if they are humble and modest boons, they are endeavouring, perhaps without their own consciousness, to delude you with fanaticism, and offering to you a fruit which, when you attempt to taste it, will prove to be but ashes in your mouths. (Cheers.) 5583:...the Chancellor of the Exchequer shall boldly uphold economy in detail; and it is the mark ... of ... a chicken-hearted Chancellor of the Exchequer, when he shrinks from upholding economy in detail, when, because it is a question of only £2,000 or £3,000, he says that is no matter. He is ridiculed, no doubt, for what is called saving candle-ends and cheese-parings. No Chancellor of the Exchequer is worth his salt who is not ready to save what are meant by candle-ends and cheese-parings in the cause of his country. No Chancellor of the Exchequer is worth his salt who makes his own popularity either his first consideration, or any consideration at all, in administrating the public purse. You would not like to have a housekeeper or steward who made her or his popularity with the tradesmen the measure of the payments that were to be delivered to them. In my opinion the Chancellor of the Exchequer is the trusted and confidential steward of the public. He is under a sacred obligation with regard to all that he consents to spend.... I am bound to say hardly ever in the six years that Sir Stafford Northcote has been in office have I heard him speak a resolute word on behalf of economy. 7676:

the finance of the system of 'natural liberty,' laissez-faire, and free trade ... the most important thing was to remove fiscal obstructions to private activity. And for this, in turn, it was necessary to keep public expenditure low. Retrenchment was the victorious slogan of the day ... it means the reduction of the functions of the state to a minimum ... retrenchment means rationalisation of the remaining functions of the state, which among other things implies as small a military establishment as possible. The resulting economic development would in addition, so it was believed, make social expenditures largely superfluous. ... Equally important was it ... to raise the revenue that would still have to be raised in such a way as to deflect economic behaviour as little as possible from what it would have been in the absence of all taxation ('taxation for revenue only'). And since the profit motive and the propensity to save were considered of paramount importance for the economic progress of

5752:. They argue there was no long-term Liberal plan in support of imperialism. Instead, they saw the urgent necessity to act to protect the Suez Canal in the face of what appeared to be a radical collapse of law and order, and a nationalist revolt focused on expelling the Europeans, regardless of the damage it would do to international trade and the British Empire. Gladstone's decision came against strained relations with France and manoeuvring by "men on the spot" in Egypt. Critics such as Cain and Hopkins have stressed the need to protect large sums invested by British financiers and Egyptian bonds while downplaying the risk to the viability of the Suez Canal. Unlike the Marxists, they stress "gentlemanly" financial and commercial interests, not the industrial capitalism that Marxists believe was always central. More recently, specialists on Egypt have been interested primarily in the internal dynamics among Egyptians that produce the failed 5040:

have it ... and when he went down the Tyne, all the country heard how twenty miles of banks were lined with people who came to greet him. Men stood in the blaze of chimneys; the roofs of factories were crowded; colliers came up from the mines; women held up their children on the banks that it might be said in after life that they had seen the Chancellor of the People go by. The river was covered like the land. Every man who could ply an oar pulled up to give Mr Gladstone a cheer. When Lord Palmerston went to Bradford the streets were still, and working men imposed silence upon themselves. When Mr Gladstone appeared on the Tyne he heard cheer no other English minister ever heard ... the people were grateful to him, and rough pitmen who never approached a public man before, pressed round his carriage by thousands ... and thousands of arms were stretched out at once, to shake hands with Mr Gladstone as one of themselves.

6319:, one of the largest slave owners in the British Empire. Gladstone wanted gradual rather than immediate emancipation, and proposed that slaves should serve a period of apprenticeship after being freed. They also opposed the international slave trade (which lowered the value of the slaves the father already owned). The anti-slavery movement demanded the immediate abolition of slavery. Gladstone opposed this and said in 1832 that emancipation should come after moral emancipation through the adoption of education and the inculcation of "honest and industrious habits" among the slaves. Then "with the utmost speed that prudence will permit, we shall arrive at that exceedingly desired consummation, the utter extinction of slavery." In 1831, when the Oxford Union considered a motion in favour of the immediate emancipation of the slaves in the West Indies, Gladstone moved an amendment in favour of gradual 6048:. Gladstone opposed increasing public expenditure on the naval estimates, in the tradition of free trade liberalism of his earlier political career as Chancellor. All his Cabinet colleagues believed in some expansion of the navy. He declared in the Commons on 19 December that naval rearmament would commit the government to expenditure over a number of years and would subvert "the principle of annual account, annual proposition, annual approval by the House of Commons, which...is the only way of maintaining regularity, and that regularity is the only talisman which will secure Parliamentary control". In January 1894, Gladstone wrote that he would not "break to pieces the continuous action of my political life, nor trample on the tradition received from every colleague who has ever been my teacher" by supporting naval rearmament. Gladstone also opposed Chancellor Sir 17958: 5490:

ever known....It is quite true, as has been often said, that "we are all socialists up to a certain point"; but Mr. Gladstone fixed that point lower, and was more vehement against those who went above it, than any other politician or official of my acquaintance. I remember his speaking indignantly to me of the budget of 1874 as "That socialistic budget of Northcote's," merely because of the special relief which it gave to the poorer class of income-tax payers. His strong belief in Free Trade was only one of the results of his deep-rooted conviction that the Government's interference with the free action of the individual, whether by taxation or otherwise, should be kept at an irreducible minimum. It is, indeed, not too much to say that his conception of Liberalism was the negation of Socialism.

7194: 6005: 5154: 5469: 5959:...come generally...to the conclusion that there is something painful in the condition of the rural labourer in this great respect, that it is hard even for the industrious and sober man, under ordinary conditions, to secure a provision for his own old age. Very large propositions, involving, some of them, very novel and very wide principles, have been submitted to the public, for the purpose of securing such a provision by means independent of the labourer himself....our duty to develop in the first instance, every means that we may possibly devise whereby, if possible, the labourer may be able to make this provision for himself, or to approximate towards making such provision far more efficaciously and much more closely than he can now do. 5925: 5371: 5868: 767: 7225: 7178: 5603: 4872:... by universal consent it was one of the grandest displays and most able financial statement that ever was heard in the House of Commons; a great scheme, boldly, skilfully, and honestly devised, disdaining popular clamour and pressure from without, and the execution of it absolute perfection. Even those who do not admire the Budget, or who are injured by it, admit the merit of the performance. It has raised Gladstone to a great political elevation, and, what is of far greater consequence than the measure itself, has given the country assurance of a man equal to great political necessities, and fit to lead parties and direct governments. 4690:

instance as I think everyone in Parliament of necessity did, with the strongest possible prejudice against the proposal ; but the facts stated were of so extraordinary and deplorable a character, that it was impossible to withhold attention from them. Then the question being whether legislative interference was required I was at length induced to look at a remedy of an extraordinary character as the only one I thought applicable to the case ... it was a great innovation". Looking back in 1883, Gladstone wrote that "In principle, perhaps my Coalwhippers Act of 1843 was the most Socialistic measure of the last half century".

7209: 4900: 6372: 5951:, Gladstone delivered a speech where he said that the right to combination, which in London was "innocent and lawful, in Ireland would be penal and...punished by imprisonment with hard labour". Gladstone believed that the right to combination used by British workers was in jeopardy when it could be denied to Irish workers. In October 1890 Gladstone at Midlothian claimed that competition between capital and labour, "where it has gone to sharp issues, where there have been strikes on one side and lock-outs on the other, I believe that in the main and as a general rule, the labouring man has been in the right". 6060:...by far the most Radical measure of my lifetime. I do not object to the principle of graduated taxation: for the just principle of the ability to pay is not determined simply by the amount of income.... But, so far as I understand the present measure of finance from the partial reports I have received, I find it too violent. It involves a great departure from the methods of political action established in this country, where reforms, and especially financial reforms, have always been considerate and even tender.... I do not yet see the ground on which it can be justly held that any one description of 71: 4963: 4815: 7159: 6741: 730: 5849:. It arrived in January 1885 two days after a massacre killed approximately 7,000 British and Egyptian soldiers and 4,000 civilians. The disaster proved a major blow to Gladstone's popularity. Queen Victoria sent him a telegram of rebuke which found its way into the press. Critics said Gladstone had neglected military affairs and had not acted promptly enough to save the besieged Gordon. Critics inverted his acronym, "G.O.M." (for "Grand Old Man"), to "M.O.G." (for "Murderer of Gordon"). He resigned as prime minister in June 1885 and declined Queen Victoria's offer of an earldom. 12677: 5803: 7723:. the country may enjoy the advantage and relief of its total repeal. I do not hesitate to affirm that an effort should now be made to attain this advantage, nor to declare that, according to my judgment, it is in present circumstances practicable ... we ought not to aid the rates, and remove the Income Tax, without giving to the general consumer, and giving him simultaneously, some marked relief in the class of articles of popular consumption. ... I for one could not belong to a Government which did not on every occasion seek to enlarge its resources by a wise economy. 5167: 13739: 13680: 4982:

acquired through raising the income tax to 9d. Usually, not more than two-thirds of a tax imposed could be collected in a financial year so Gladstone therefore imposed the extra four pence at a rate of 8d. during the first half of the year so that he could obtain the additional revenue in one year. Gladstone's dividing line set up in 1853 had been abolished in 1858 but Gladstone revived it, with lower incomes to pay 6½d. instead of 9d. For the first half of the year, the lower incomes paid 8d. and the higher incomes paid 13d. in income tax.

6145:. Gladstone met Queen Victoria, and she shook hands with him for (to his recollection) the first time in the 50 years he had known her. One of the Gladstones' neighbours observed that "He and his devoted wife never missed the morning service on Sunday ... One Sunday, returning from the altar rail, the old, partially blind man stumbled at the chancel step. One of the clergy sprang involuntarily to his assistance but retreated with haste, so withering was the fire which flashed from those failing eyes." The Gladstones returned to 5701:. The British won decisively, and although they repeatedly promised to depart in a few years, the actual result was British control of Egypt for four decades, largely ignoring Ottoman nominal ownership. France was seriously unhappy, having lost control of the canal that it built and financed and had dreamed of for decades. Gladstone's role in the decision to invade was described as relatively hands-off, and the ultimate responsibility was borne by certain members of his cabinet such as Lord Hartington, Secretary of State for India; 13848: 4082: 6503: 4533: 13860: 5094:, where he was elected third MP (South Lancashire at this time elected three MPs). Palmerston campaigned for Gladstone in Oxford because he believed that his constituents would keep him "partially muzzled"; many Oxford graduates were Anglican clergymen at that time. A victorious Gladstone told his new constituency, "At last, my friends, I am come among you; and I am come – to use an expression which has become very famous and is not likely to be forgotten – I am come 'unmuzzled'." 1329: 12718: 12698: 7110:, Australia, named for him on the corner of Marrickville Road and New Canterbury Road; also a street is named for him in Dulwich Hill (Ewart Street) which crosses into the adjoining suburb of Marrickville. On Ewart Street there is a mansion called 'Gladstone Hall' built in 1870 by William Starkey, founder of Starkey's Ginger Beer and cordial factory in 1838 which became the largest of its type in the southern hemisphere for some time. Gladstone Park is in the Sydney suburb of 5049:, Gladstone would passionately urge the Cabinet to adopt new policies, while Palmerston would fixedly stare at a paper before him. At a lull in Gladstone's speech, Palmerston would smile, rap the table with his knuckles, and interject pointedly, "Now, my Lords and gentlemen, let us go to business". Although he personally was not a Nonconformist, and rather disliked them in person, he formed a coalition with the Nonconformists that gave the Liberals a powerful base of support. 4798:, Italy, for the benefit of his daughter Mary's eyesight. Giacomo Lacaita, a legal adviser to the British embassy, was at the time imprisoned by the Neapolitan government, as were other political dissidents. Gladstone became concerned about the political situation in Naples and the arrest and imprisonment of Neapolitan liberals. In February 1851 Gladstone visited the prisons where thousands of them were held and was extremely outraged. In April and July, he published two 5892:, held the balance of power in Parliament. Gladstone's conversion to Home Rule convinced them to switch away from the Conservatives and support the Liberals using the 86 seats in Parliament they controlled. The main purpose of this administration was to deliver Ireland a reform that would give it a devolved assembly, similar to those which would eventually be put in place in Scotland and Wales in 1999. In 1886 Gladstone's party allied with Irish Nationalists to defeat 6209: 5070:

consternation on both sides of the Atlantic and led to speculation that Britain might be about to recognise the Confederacy. Gladstone was accused of sympathising with the South, a charge he rejected. Gladstone was forced to clarify in the press that his comments in Newcastle had not been intended to signal a change in Government policy, but to express his belief that the North's efforts to defeat the South would fail, due to the strength of Southern resistance.

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sought to let money "fructify in the pockets of the people" by keeping taxation levels down through "peace and retrenchment". In 1859 he wrote to his brother, who was a member of the Financial Reform Association at Liverpool: "Economy is the first and great article (economy such as I understand it) in my financial creed. The controversy between direct and indirect taxation holds a minor, though important place". He wrote to his wife on 14 January 1860: "I am

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themselves and their society. As the third quarter of the century drew to a close, the essential bastions of Victorianism still held firm: respectability; a government of aristocrats and gentlemen now influenced not only by middle-class merchants and manufacturers but also by industrious working people: a prosperity that seemed to rest largely on the tenets of laissez-faire economics; and a Britannia that ruled the waves and many a dominion beyond.

5939:. After their victory he gave a speech at Hawarden on 23 September in which he said: "In the common interests of humanity, this remarkable strike and the results of this strike, which have tended somewhat to strengthen the condition of labour in the face of capital, is the record of what we ought to regard as satisfactory, as a real social advance tends to a fair principle of division of the fruits of industry". This speech has been described by 4881:£59,420,000). Gladstone refused to borrow the money needed to rectify this deficit and instead increased income tax by half, from sevenpence to tenpence-halfpenny in the pound (from 2.92% to 4.38%). By May another £6,870,000 was needed for the war and Gladstone raised the income tax from tenpence halfpenny to fourteen pence in the pound to raise £3,250,000. Spirits, malt, and sugar were taxed to raise the rest of the money needed. He proclaimed: 6930: 4094: 5217:

people to spend as they saw fit. Secondly, his foreign policy aimed at promoting peace to help reduce expenditures and taxation and enhance trade. Thirdly, laws that prevented people from acting freely to improve themselves were reformed. When an unemployed miner (Daniel Jones) wrote to him to complain of his unemployment and low wages, Gladstone gave what H. C. G. Matthew has called "the classic mid-Victorian reply" on 20 October 1869:

20065: 7707:.; that during the present year the Alabama Indemnity has been paid, and the charge of the Ashantee War will be met out of revenue; and that in estimating, as we can now venture to do, the income of the coming year (and, for the moment assuming the general scale of charge to continue as it was fixed during the last Session), we do not fear to anticipate as the probable balance a surplus exceeding rather than falling short of 5,000,000 4791:(which exercised extreme in-house discipline) and spent much time arranging employment for ex-prostitutes. In a "Declaration" signed on 7 December 1896 and only to be opened after his death, Gladstone wrote, "I desire to record my solemn declaration and assurance, as in the sight of God and before His Judgement Seat, that at no period of my life have I been guilty of the act which is known as that of infidelity to the marriage bed." 5242:(1869), the most sustained attempt of the century to impose upon the working classes the Victorian values of providence, self-reliance, foresight, and self-discipline". Gladstone was associated with the Charity Organization Society's first annual report in 1870. Some leading Conservatives at this time were contemplating an alliance between the aristocracy and the working class against the capitalist class, an idea called the 4998:... the great aim – the moral and political significance of the act, and its probable and desired fruit in binding the two countries together by interest and affection. Neither you nor I attach for the moment any superlative value to this Treaty for the sake of the extension of British trade. ... What I look to is the social good, the benefit to the relations of the two countries, and the effect on the peace of Europe. 13812: 13783: 5982:, 1891), that "I ask to make reserves, and of one passage, which will be easily guessed, I am unable even to perceive the relevancy. But speaking generally, I have read this masterly argument with warm admiration and with the earnest hope that it may attract all the attention which it so well deserves". The passage Gladstone alluded to was one where Spencer had spoken of "the behaviour of the so-called Liberal party". 6184: 6102: 5643:, was also elected as an MP. Queen Victoria asked Lord Hartington to form a ministry, but he persuaded her to send for Gladstone. Gladstone's second administration – both as Prime Minister and again as Chancellor of the Exchequer until 1882 – lasted from June 1880 to June 1885. He originally intended to retire at the end of 1882, the 50th anniversary of his entry into politics, but did not do so. 5531: 13824: 4856:£100. The more people that paid income tax, Gladstone believed, the more the public would pressure the government into abolishing it. Gladstone argued that the £100 line was "the dividing line ... between the educated and the labouring part of the community" and that therefore the income taxpayers and the electorate were to be the same people, who would then vote to cut government expenditure. 5255: 7711:. ... The first item ... which I have to set down in the financial arrangements proper for the first year is relief, but relief coupled with reform, of local taxation. ... It has ... been the happy fortune of Mr. Lowe to bring it down, first from 6d. to 4d., and then from 4d. to 3d., in the pound. The proceeds of the Income Tax for the present year are expected to be between 5,000,000 7671:... there was one man who not only united high ability with unparalleled opportunity but also knew how to turn budgets into political triumphs and who stands in history as the greatest English financier of economic liberalism, Gladstone. ... The greatest feature of Gladstonian finance ... was that it expressed with ideal adequacy both the whole civilisation and the needs of the time, 6065:

ranked as personal...the aspect of the measure is not satisfactory to a man of my traditions (and these traditions lie near the roots of my being).... For the sudden introduction of such change, there is I think no precedent in the history of this country. And the severity of the blow is greatly aggravated in moral effect by the fact that it is dealt only to a handful of individuals.

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the favourable opinion of the publican, who looked most favourably upon those who drank. The man's name was written down and the "score" followed. Publicans issued employment solely on the capacity of the man to pay, and men were often drunk when they left the pub to work. They spent their savings on drinks to secure the favourable opinion of publicans and further employment.

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which they may require for use or for consumption. Beyond this I look to the forethought not yet so widely diffused in this country as in Scotland, & in some foreign lands; & I need not remind you that in order to facilitate its exercise the Government have been empowered by Legislation to become through the Dept. of the P.O. the receivers & guardians of savings.

4678:, limited in cost to a penny a mile, of universal service, and of control of the recently invented electric telegraph which ran alongside railway lines. Railways were the largest investment (as a percentage of GNP) in human history and this Bill the most heavily lobbied in Parliamentary history. Gladstone succeeded in guiding the Act through Parliament at the height of the 12487: 5955:

detail. I do not say it is an easy one; I do not say that it will be solved in a moment; but I do say this, that until society is able to offer to the industrious labourer at the end of a long and blameless life something better than the workhouse, society will not have discharged its duties to its poorer members". On 24 March 1892 Gladstone said that the Liberals had:

13800: 5549:, telling a journalist in 1876 that: "I deeply deplore the manner in which, what I may call Judaic sympathies, beyond as well as within the circle of professed Judaism, are now acting on the question of the East". Gladstone similarly refused to speak out against the persecution of Romanian Jews in the 1870s and Russian Jews in the early 1880s.< In response, the 6036:

Undoubtedly I think that questions of this kind, whatever be the intention of the questioner, have a tendency to produce in the minds of people or to suggest to the people, that these fluctuations can be corrected by the action of the Executive Government. Anything that contributes to such an impression inflicts an injury upon the labouring population.

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election. The working-class newspapers were so taken by surprise they had little time to express an opinion on Gladstone's manifesto before the election was over. Unlike the efforts of the Conservatives, the organisation of the Liberal Party had declined since 1868 and they had also failed to retain Liberal voters on the electoral register.

5465:. He described the Catholic Church as "an Asian monarchy: nothing but one giddy height of despotism, and one dead level of religious subservience". He further claimed that the Pope wanted to destroy the rule of law and replace it with arbitrary tyranny, and then to hide these "crimes against liberty beneath a suffocating cloud of incense". 5007:

the beginning of 1859, there were 419 duties in existence. The 1860 budget reduced the number of duties to 48, with 15 duties constituting the majority of the revenue. To finance these reductions in indirect taxation, the income tax, instead of being abolished, was raised to 10d. for incomes above £150 and at 7d. for incomes above £100.

6359:...which asserts the superiority of the white man, and therewith founds on it his right to hold the black in slavery, I think that principle detestable, and I am wholly with the opponents of it" but that he felt that the North was wrong to try to restore the Union by military force, which he believed would end in failure. 6192:

God-sustaining University of Oxford. I served her perhaps mistakenly, but to the best of my ability. My most earnest prayers are hers to the uttermost and to the last". He left the house for the last time on 9 April. After 18 April he did not come down to the ground floor but still came out of bed to lie on the sofa. The

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age. The acronym was sometimes satirised as "God's Only Mistake", or after the fall of Khartoum, inverted to "M.O.G.", "Murderer of Gordon". (Disraeli is often credited with the former, but Lord Salisbury is a more likely origin.) The term is still widely used today and is virtually synonymous with Gladstone.

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away the best Parliamentary speaker I have ever heard. He was not so good in exposition." Asquithian Liberals continued to advocate traditional Gladstonian policies of sound finance, peaceful foreign relations and the better treatment of Ireland. They often compared Lloyd George unfavourably with Gladstone.

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classes, this meant in particular that taxation should as little as possible interfere with the net earnings of a business. ... As regards indirect taxes, the principle of least interference was interpreted by Gladstone to mean that taxation should be concentrated on a few important articles, leaving

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have both been credited with coining it; it appears to have been in use before either of them used it publicly, though they may have helped popularise it. While it was originally used to show affectionate reverence, it was quickly adopted more sarcastically by his opponents, using it to emphasise his

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in 1846 and later over fiscal policy more generally, it was not until the later 1860s that their differences over parliamentary reform, Irish and Church policy assumed great partisan significance. Even then their personal relations remained fairly cordial until their dispute over the Eastern Question

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Anglican attitude, with its dependence on authority and tradition, for the evangelical outlook of his boyhood, with its reliance upon the direct inspiration of the Bible. In middle life, he decided that the individual conscience would have to replace authority as the inner citadel of the Church. That

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who had resigned from her job to care for her father and mother. The cause of death is officially recorded as "Syncope, Senility". "Syncope" meant failure of the heart and "senility" in the 19th century was an infirmity of advanced old age, rather than a loss of mental faculties. The House of Commons

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on 28 February 1894 and chaired his last Cabinet on 1 March – the last of 556 he had chaired. On that day he gave his last speech to the House of Commons, saying that the government would withdraw opposition to the Lords' amendments to the Local Government Bill "under protest" and that it was "a

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Gladstone, says his biographer, "totally rejected the widespread English view that the Irish had no taste for justice, common sense, moderation or national prosperity and looked only to perpetual strife and dissension". The problem for Gladstone was that his rural English supporters would not support

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The Liberal doctrines of that time, with their violent anti-socialist spirit and their strong insistence on the gospel of thrift, self-help, settlement of wages by the higgling of the market, and non-interference by the State.... I think that Mr. Gladstone was the strongest anti-socialist that I have

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wrote to Gladstone on 12 February: "There is one lesson to be learned from this Election, that is Organization. ... We have lost not by a change of sentiment so much as by want of organised power". The Liberals received a majority of the vote in each of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom

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Because of his actions as Chancellor, Gladstone earned the reputation as the liberator of British trade and the working man's breakfast table, the man responsible for the emancipation of the popular press from "taxes upon knowledge" and for placing a duty on the succession of the estates of the rich.

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In May 1864 Gladstone said that he saw no reason in principle why all mentally able men could not be enfranchised, but admitted that this would only come about once the working classes themselves showed more interest in the subject. Queen Victoria was not pleased with this statement, and an outraged

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and the other Confederate leaders had "made a nation", and that the Confederacy seemed certain to succeed in asserting its independence from the North, and that the time might come when it would be the duty of the European powers to "offer friendly aid in compromising the quarrel." The speech caused

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When Mr Gladstone visited the North, you well remember when word passed from the newspaper to the workman that it circulated through mines and mills, factories and workshops, and they came out to greet the only British minister who ever gave the English people a right because it was just they should

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between Britain and France that would reduce tariffs between the two countries. This budget "marked the final adoption of the Free Trade principle, that taxation should be levied for Revenue purposes alone, and that every protective, differential, or discriminating duty ... should be dislodged". At

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For the purposes of recreation he has selected the felling of trees; and we may usefully remark that his amusements, like his politics, are essentially destructive. Every afternoon the whole world is invited to assist at the crashing fall of some beech or elm or oak. The forest laments in order that

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Gladstone became concerned with the situation of "coal whippers". These were the men who worked on London docks, "whipping" in baskets from ships to barges or wharves all incoming coal from the sea. They were called up and relieved through public houses, so a man could not get this job unless he had

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of the conditions of the country to which it was to apply; or, to put it slightly differently, that it translated a social, political, and economic vision, which was comprehensive as well as historically correct, into the clauses of a set of co-ordinated fiscal measures. ... Gladstonian finance was

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Lloyd George said of Gladstone in 1915: "What a man he was! Head and shoulders above anyone else I have ever seen in the House of Commons. I did not like him much. He hated Nonconformists and Welsh Nonconformists in particular and he had no real sympathy with the working classes. But he was far and

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In 1834, when slavery was abolished across the British Empire, the owners were paid full value for the slaves. Gladstone helped his father obtain £106,769 (equivalent to £12,960,000 in 2023) in official reimbursement by the government for the 2,508 slaves he owned across nine plantations in the

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On 8 January 1896, in conversation with L. A. Tollemache, Gladstone explained that: "I am not so much afraid of Democracy or of Science as of the love of money. This seems to me to be a growing evil. Also, there is a danger from the growth of that dreadful military spirit". On 13 January, Gladstone

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Gladstone had a complex ambivalence about Catholicism. He was attracted by its international success in majestic traditions. More important, he was strongly opposed to the authoritarianism of its pope and bishops, its profound public opposition to liberalism, and its supposed refusal to distinguish

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described him as "a highlander in the custody of a lowlander", and an adversary as "an ardent Italian in the custody of a Scotsman". One of his earliest childhood memories was being made to stand on a table and say "Ladies and gentlemen" to the assembled audience, probably at a gathering to promote

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holds many pamphlets that were sent to Gladstone during his political career. These pamphlets show the concerns of people from all strands of society and together form a historical resource of the social and economic conditions of mid- to late nineteenth-century Britain. Many of the pamphlets bear

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along with better protection for the personal and civil rights of the slaves and better provision for their Christian education. His early Parliamentary speeches followed a similar line: in June 1833, Gladstone concluded his speech on the 'slavery question' by declaring that though he had dwelt on

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On 11 December 1891 Gladstone said that: "It is a lamentable fact if, in the midst of our civilisation, and at the close of the nineteenth century, the workhouse is all that can be offered to the industrious labourer at the end of a long and honourable life. I do not enter into the question now in

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as "demagogism" that "put down pacific, law-respecting, economic elements that ennobled the old Conservatism" but "still, in secret, as obstinately attached as ever to the evil principle of class interests". He found contemporary Liberalism better, "but far from being good". Gladstone claimed that

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When Gladstone first joined Palmerston's government in 1859, he had opposed further electoral reform, but he changed his position during Palmerston's last premiership, and by 1865 he was firmly in favour of enfranchising the working classes in towns. The policy caused friction with Palmerston, who

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Gladstone steadily reduced Income tax over the course of his tenure as Chancellor. In 1861 the tax was reduced to ninepence (£0–0s–9d), in 1863 to sevenpence, in 1864 to fivepence and in 1865 to fourpence. Gladstone believed that government was extravagant and wasteful with taxpayers' money and so

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In 1860 Gladstone intended to abolish the duty on paper – a controversial policy – because the duty traditionally inflated the cost of publishing and hindered the dissemination of radical working-class ideas. Although Palmerston supported the continuation of the duty, using it and income

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The expenses of a war are the moral check which it has pleased the Almighty to impose upon the ambition and lust of conquest that are inherent in so many nations ... The necessity of meeting from year to year the expenditure which it entails is a salutary and wholesome check, making them feel what

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Gladstone wanted to maintain a balance between direct and indirect taxation and to abolish income tax. He knew that its abolition depended on a considerable retrenchment in government expenditure. He therefore increased the number of people eligible to pay it by lowering the threshold from £150 to

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proclaimed in 1983: "We have a duty to make sure that every penny piece we raise in taxation is spent wisely and well. For it is our party which is dedicated to good housekeeping – indeed, I would not mind betting that if Mr. Gladstone were alive today he would apply to join the Conservative

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In a memorandum to the Cabinet later that month Gladstone wrote that, although he believed the Confederacy would probably win the war, it was "seriously tainted by its connection with slavery" and argued that the European powers should use their influence on the South to effect the "mitigation or

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should be more heavily burdened than others unless moral and social grounds can be shown first: but in this case, the reasons drawn from those sources seem rather to verge in the opposite direction, for real property has more of presumptive connection with the discharge of duty than that which is

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The British occupation of Egypt altered the balance of power. It not only gave the British security for their route to India, it made them masters of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. It made it unnecessary for them to stand on the front line against Russia at the Straits....And thus

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allowing trade unions to organise and operate legally for the first time (although picketing remained illegal). Gladstone later counted this reform as one of the most significant of the previous half-century, saying that before its passage the law had effectively "compelled the British workman to

5221:

The only means which have been placed in my power of 'raising the wages of colliers' has been by endeavouring to beat down all those restrictions upon trade which tend to reduce the price to be obtained for the product of their labour, & to lower as much as may be the taxes on the commodities

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notes: "As such, he had to stand for re-election, but the strong protectionism of the Duke of Newcastle, his patron in Newark, meant that he could not stand there and no other seat was available. Throughout the corn law crisis of 1846, therefore, Gladstone was in the highly anomalous and possibly

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Gladstone initiated the Coal Vendors Act of 1843, which set up a central office for employment. When that Act expired in 1856, a Select Committee was appointed by the Lords in 1857 to look into the question. Gladstone gave evidence to the committee, stating: "I approached the subject in the first

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Shall I ever forget the last Friday in Passion Week, when I gave him the last Holy Communion that I was allowed to administer to him? It was early in the morning. He was obliged to be in bed, and he was ordered to remain there, but the time had come for the confession of sin and the receiving of

6137:

on being unable to draft a preface to a book on liberalism: "I venture on assuring you that I regard the design formed by you and your friends with sincere interest, and in particular wish well to all the efforts you may make on behalf of individual freedom and independence as opposed to what is

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in February 1854, and Gladstone introduced his budget on 6 March. He had to increase expenditure on the military and a vote of credit of £1,250,000 was taken to send a force of 25,000 to the front. The deficit for the year would be £2,840,000 (estimated revenue £56,680,000; estimated expenditure

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has written that Gladstone "made finance and figures exciting, and succeeded in constructing budget speeches epic in form and performance, often with lyrical interludes to vary the tension in the Commons as the careful exposition of figures and argument was brought to a climax". The contemporary

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His first budget in 1853 almost completed the work begun by Peel eleven years before in simplifying Britain's tariff of duties and customs. 123 duties were abolished and 133 duties were reduced. The income tax had legally expired but Gladstone proposed to extend it for seven years to fund tariff

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That the Ministry has unwisely introduced, and most unscrupulously forwarded, a measure which threatens not only to change the form of our Government, but ultimately to break up the very foundations of social order, as well as materially to forward the views of those who are pursuing the project

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I cannot help regretting that the honourable and gallant Gentleman has felt it his duty to put the question. It is put under circumstances that naturally belong to one of those fluctuations in the condition of trade which, however unfortunate and lamentable they may be, recur from time to time.

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on 24 January. On 30 January, the names of the first fourteen MPs for uncontested seats were published. By 9 February a Conservative victory was apparent. In contrast to 1868 and 1880 when the Liberal campaign lasted several months, only three weeks separated the news of the dissolution and the

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In the 1860s and 1870s, Gladstonian Liberalism was characterised by a number of policies intended to improve individual liberty and loosen political and economic restraints. First was the minimisation of public expenditure on the premise that the economy and society were best helped by allowing

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We propose, then, to re-enact it for two years, from April 1853 to April 1855, at the rate of 7d. in the £; from April 1855, to enact it for two more years at 6d. in the £; and then for three years more ... from April 1857, at 5d. Under this proposal, on 5 April 1860, the income tax will by law

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at a cost of £3,000, bears the inscription "The most brilliant intellect that has been placed at the service of the state since parliamentary government began – Salisbury". It was later moved to Blakey Moor and in 1983 was moved again to Northgate. In 2020 there were calls for the statue to be

6335:, he advanced proposals to halve duties on foreign sugar not produced by slave labour, in order to "secure the effectual exclusion of slave-grown sugar" and to encourage Brazil and Spain to end slavery. Sir John Gladstone, who opposed any reduction in duties on foreign sugar, wrote a letter to 4981:

Gladstone inherited a deficit of nearly £5,000,000, with income tax now set at 5d (fivepence). Like Peel, Gladstone dismissed the idea of borrowing to cover the deficit. Gladstone argued that "In time of peace nothing but dire necessity should induce us to borrow". Most of the money needed was

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Notable as the Gladstonian reforms had been, they had almost all remained within the 19th-century Liberal tradition of gradually removing the religious, economic and political barriers that prevented men of varied creeds and classes from exercising their individual talents in order to improve

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when he first settled in Liverpool. As a boy, William was baptised into the Church of England. He rejected a call to enter the ministry, and on this his conscience always tormented him. In compensation, he aligned his politics with the evangelical faith in which he fervently believed. In 1838

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were, upon the whole, from the black day when they first entered Europe, the one great anti-human specimen of humanity. Wherever they went, a broad line of blood marked the track behind them; and as far as their dominion reached, civilisation disappeared from view. They represented everywhere

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said of the change in political attitudes that had occurred since the Great War: "Perhaps nothing shows this change more clearly than that, while there is no lack of sympathetic treatment of Bismarck in contemporary English literature, the name of Gladstone is rarely mentioned by the younger

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as having "no parallel in the rest of Europe except in the rhetoric of the toughest socialist leaders". Visitors at Hawarden in October were "shocked...by some rather wild language on the Dock labourers question". Gladstone was impressed with workers unconnected with the dockers' dispute who

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for training Catholic priests in Ireland. Gladstone, who had previously argued in a book that a Protestant country should not pay money to other churches, nevertheless supported the increase in the Maynooth grant and voted for it in Commons, but resigned rather than face charges that he had

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The historian H. C. G. Matthew states that Gladstone's chief legacy lay in three areas: his financial policy, his support for Home Rule (devolution) that modified the view of the unitary state of the United Kingdom and his idea of a progressive, reforming party broadly based and capable of

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His last public statement was dictated to his daughter Helen in reply to receiving the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford's "sorrow and affection": "There is no expression of Christian sympathy that I value more than that of the ancient University of Oxford, the God-fearing and

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was a defence of the rights of West Indian sugar plantation magnates – slave-owners – among whom his father was prominent. He immediately came under attack from anti-slavery elements. He also surprised the duke by urging the need to increase pay for unskilled factory workers.

5110:; Gladstone's proposed bill had been totally outmanoeuvred; he stormed into the Chamber, but too late to see his arch-enemy pass the bill. Gladstone was furious; his animus commenced a long rivalry that would only end on Disraeli's death and Gladstone's encomium in the Commons in 1881. 5833:

this Liberalism's "pet idea is what they call construction, – that is to say, taking into the hands of the state the business of the individual man". Both Tory Democracy and this new Liberalism, Gladstone wrote, had done "much to estrange me, and had for many, many years".

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Historians have debated the wisdom of Gladstone's foreign policy during his second ministry. Paul Hayes says it "provides one of the most intriguing and perplexing tales of muddle and incompetence in foreign affairs, unsurpassed in modern political history until the days of

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in 1893, after which Irish Home Rule became a lesser part of his party's agenda. Gladstone left office in March 1894, aged 84, as both the oldest person to serve as prime minister and the only prime minister to have served four non-consecutive terms. He left Parliament in

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Gladstone was popularly known in his later years as the "Grand Old Man" or "G.O.M.". The term was used occasionally during the Midlothian election campaign, first became widely associated with him during the 1880 general election, and was ubiquitous in the press by 1882.

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compromised his principles to remain in office. After accepting Gladstone's resignation, Peel confessed to a friend, "I really have great difficulty sometimes in exactly comprehending what he means". In December 1845, Gladstone returned to Peel's government as

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used in the matches, went on strike to demand improved working conditions and pay, eventually winning their cause. In recent years, the statue of Gladstone has been repeatedly daubed with red paint, suggesting that it was paid for with the "blood of the match

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attacked Gladstone in 1888, arguing that "Are we, because there was once a Liberal Party, to bow down and worship Gladstone – the great Minister who was too Christian in his charity, too Russian in his proclivities, to raise voice or finger" to defend

5163: 5019:(the first ever) to force the Lords to accept it and accept it they did. The proposal in the Commons of one bill only per session for the national finances was a precedent uniformly followed from that date until 1910, and it has been ever since the rule. 6278:

argued that England had neglected its great duty to the Church of England. He announced that since that church possessed a monopoly of religious truth, nonconformists and Roman Catholics ought to be excluded from all government positions. The historian

6896:. It is in the grounds of Our Lady Star of the Sea Church facing the former site of St Thomas's Church where Gladstone was educated from 1816 to 1821. The Seaglam (Seaforth Gladstone Memorial) Project, whose chairman is local historian Brenda Murray ( 5817:, which gave the counties the same franchise as the boroughs – adult male householders and £10 lodgers – and added six million to the total number of people who could vote in parliamentary elections. Parliamentary reform continued with the 5790:, in 1870, had entitled Irish tenants, if evicted, to compensation for improvements which they had made on their property, but had little effect) which gave Irish tenants the "3Fs" – fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale. He was elected a 5169: 5031:

Gladstone's popularity rested on his taxation policies which meant to his supporters balance, social equity and political justice. The most significant expression of working-class opinion was at Northumberland in 1862 when Gladstone visited.

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holds Gladstone's personal collection of books used to found the Library in its Foundation Collection and the Glynne-Gladstone Archive, which contains Gladstone's personal papers and correspondence. They also hold copies of the papers, on

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visited Gladstone, who recorded it in his diary: "... further conv. with Mr. Cobden on Tariffs & relations with France. We are closely & warmly agreed". Cobden was sent as Britain's representative to the negotiations with France's

4738:(i.e. representing the MA graduates of the university) at the General Election in 1847 – Peel had once held this seat but had lost it because of his espousal of Catholic Emancipation in 1829. Gladstone became a constant critic of 6287:, Gladstone's chief, was outraged because this would upset the delicate political issue of Catholic Emancipation and anger the Nonconformists. Since Peel greatly admired his protégé, he redirected his focus from theology to finance. 6172:, where a swelling on his palate was diagnosed as cancer by the leading cancer surgeon Sir Thomas Smith on 18 March. On 22 March, he retired to Hawarden Castle. Despite being in pain he received visitors and quoted hymns, especially 5737:

Gladstone and the Liberals had a reputation for strong opposition to imperialism, so historians have long debated the explanation for this reversal of policy. The most influential was a study by John Robinson and Ronald Gallagher,

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where he controlled about a fourth of the very small electorate. The Duke spent thousands of pounds entertaining the voters. Gladstone displayed remarkably strong technique as a campaigner and stump speaker. He won his seat at the

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William Ewart Gladstone was the greatest political figure of the nineteenth century. I do not mean by that that he was necessarily the greatest statesman, certainly not the most successful. What I mean is that he dominated the

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Lord Russell retired in 1867 and Gladstone became leader of the Liberal Party. In 1868 the Irish Church Resolutions were proposed as a measure to reunite the Liberal Party in government (on the issue of disestablishment of the

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Party." In 1996, she said: "The kind of Conservatism which he and I...favoured would be best described as 'liberal', in the old-fashioned sense. And I mean the liberalism of Mr Gladstone, not of the latter-day collectivists."

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On Palmerston's death in October, Earl Russell formed his second ministry. Russell and Gladstone (now the senior Liberal in the House of Commons) attempted to pass a reform bill, which was defeated in the Commons because the

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through repealing duties on tea and sugar, and reform of local taxation which was increasing for the poorer ratepayers. According to the working-class financial reformer Thomas Briggs, writing in the trade unionist newspaper

6339:

criticizing the measure. Looking back late in life, Gladstone named the abolition of slavery as one of ten great achievements of the previous sixty years where the masses had been right and the upper classes had been wrong.

6021:, which was passed in the Commons at the second reading on 21 April by 43 votes and the third reading on 1 September by 34 votes. The House of Lords defeated the bill by voting against it by 419 votes to 41 on 8 September. 6016:

resulted in a minority Liberal government with Gladstone as prime minister. The electoral address had promised Irish Home Rule and the disestablishment of the Scottish and Welsh Churches. In February 1893 he introduced the

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In 1859, Lord Palmerston formed a new mixed government with Radicals included, and Gladstone again joined the government (with most of the other remaining Peelites) as Chancellor of the Exchequer, to become part of the new

5212:

recorded that he had been felling a tree at Hawarden when brought the news that he was about to be appointed prime minister. He broke off briefly to declare "My mission is to pacify Ireland" before resuming his exertions.

5207:

simultaneously. To his great surprise he was defeated in South West Lancashire but, by winning in Greenwich, was able to remain in Parliament. He became prime minister for the first time and remained in office until 1874.

4647:. Gladstone criticised it as "a war more unjust in its origin, a war more calculated in its progress to cover this country with permanent disgrace". His hostility to opium stemmed from the effects of opium upon his sister 20506: 11677:

Mr Freeman – a descendant of the Liberal prime minister William Gladstone and a former biotechnology investor – said he envisions the Conservative Ideas Festival as a "cross between Hay-on-Wye and the Latitude

13518: 11165: 5164: 12436: 6900:), was started to raise the profile of Seaforth Village by installing a memorial to Gladstone. Funds for the memorial were raised by voluntary effort and the Heritage Lottery Fund provided additional funding. Sculptor 5417:

in 1870, which had outraged him. Gladstone claimed that this decree had placed British Catholics in a dilemma over conflicts of loyalty to the Crown. He urged them to reject papal infallibility as they had opposed the

5160: 4674:, of network industry regulation, of rate of return regulation, and telegraph regulation. Examples of its foresight are the clauses empowering the government to take control of railways in times of war, the concept of 6654:

they were not direct antagonists for most of their political careers. Indeed initially they were both loyal to the Tory party, the Church and the landed interest. Although their paths diverged over the repeal of the

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He served until 1855, a few weeks into Lord Palmerston's first premiership, and resigned along with the rest of the Peelites after a motion was passed to appoint a committee of inquiry into the conduct of the war.

4914:

became Prime Minister in 1858, but Gladstone – who like the other Peelites was still nominally a Conservative – declined a position in his government, opting not to sacrifice his free-trade principles.

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When Peel's government fell in 1846, Gladstone and other Peel loyalists followed their leader in separating from the protectionist Conservatives; instead offering tentative support to the new Whig prime minister

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Gladstone was known affectionately by his supporters as "The People's William" or the "G.O.M." ("Grand Old Man", or, to political rivals "God's Only Mistake"). Historians often rank Gladstone as one of the

5165: 5238:) and Gladstone's "administration could claim spectacular success in enforcing a dramatic reduction in supposedly sentimental and unsystematic outdoor poor relief, and in making, in co-operation with the 9048: 5883:

announcing that he had become convinced that Ireland needed a separate parliament. The bombshell announcement resulted in the fall of Lord Salisbury's Conservative government. Irish Nationalists, led by

4330:

but was defeated in the House of Commons. The resulting split in the Liberal Party helped keep them out of office – with one short break – for 20 years. Gladstone formed his last government in

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In 1858, Gladstone took up the hobby of tree felling, mostly of oak trees, an exercise he continued with enthusiasm until he was 81 in 1891. Eventually, he became notorious for this activity, prompting

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Historian Sneh Mahajan has concluded that "Gladstone's second ministry remained barren of any achievement in the domestic sphere". His downfall came in Africa, where he delayed the mission to rescue

4643:

Opium War" and said that he felt "in dread of the judgements of God upon England for our national iniquity towards China" in May 1840. A famous speech was made by Gladstone in Parliament against the

4922:

embarking via Vienna and Trieste on a twelve-week mission to the southern Adriatic entrusted with complex challenges that had arisen in connection with the future of the British protectorate of the

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claimed he had strong Conservative instincts and that "In all matters of custom and tradition, even the Tories look upon me as the chief Conservative that is". On 15 January Gladstone wrote to

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Whitehead, Cameron Ean Alfred. "The Bulgarian Horrors: culture and the international history of the Great Eastern Crisis, 1876–1878" (PhD. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, 2014)

7193: 4779:. In May 1849 he began his most active "rescue work" and met prostitutes late at night on the street, in his house or in their houses, writing their names in a private notebook. He aided the 11774:

Wrigley, Chris (2000). "'Carving the Last Few Columns out of the Gladstonian Quarry': The Liberal Leaders and the Mantle of Gladstone, 1898–1929". In Bebbington, David; Swift, Roger (eds.).

20267: 5027:, from experience, of the immense advantage of strict account-keeping in early life. It is just like learning the grammar then, which when once learned need not be referred to afterwards". 10289:

He adds, "All the rest were manoeuvres which left the combatants at the close of the day exactly where they had started. Taylor, A. J. P. "International Relations" in Hinsley, F. H. ed.,

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ridiculed it by asserting Gladstone would reject it, "Because in his eyes, and in my eyes, too as his humble disciple, Liberalism and Liberty were cognate terms; they were twin-sisters."

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proposals for parliamentary reform in a famous debate at the Oxford Union in May 1831. On the second day of the three-day debate on the Whig Reform Bill Gladstone moved the motion:

6093:

Gladstone is both the oldest person to form a government – aged 82 at his appointment – and the oldest person to occupy the Premiership – being 84 at his resignation.

4760:, in Kincardineshire, southwest of Aberdeen, as home, but as a younger son he would not inherit it. Instead, from the time of his marriage, he lived at his wife's family's estate at 14825: 14216: 6229:. The day after, both Houses of Parliament approved the Address and Herbert Gladstone accepted a public funeral on behalf of the Gladstone family. His coffin was transported on the 11973: 10589: 6074:

controversy which, when once raised, must go forward to an issue". He resigned from the premiership on 2 March. The Queen did not ask Gladstone who should succeed him but sent for

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tax revenue to buy arms, a majority of his Cabinet supported Gladstone. The Bill to abolish duties on paper narrowly passed the Commons but was rejected by the House of Lords. No

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In later years Gladstone's attitude towards slavery became more critical as his father's influence over his politics diminished. In 1844 Gladstone broke with his father when, as

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Gladstone's 45-minute speech made a great impression on those present and his Amendment carried 94 votes to 38. Among those impressed was Lord Lincoln, who told his father the

12521: 7832: 7224: 20476: 19325: 7158: 5171: 18314: 18300: 4768:, and was then inherited by Gladstone's eldest son in 1874. During the late 1840s, when he was out of office, he worked extensively to turn Hawarden into a viable business. 20626: 16436: 13645: 9235: 6650:

Historical writers have often played Disraeli and Gladstone against each other as great rivals. Roland Quinault, however, cautions us not to exaggerate the confrontation:

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During wartime, he insisted on raising taxes and not borrowing funds to pay for the war. The goal was to turn wealthy Britons against expensive wars. Britain entered the

20511: 20426: 20401: 19133: 16807: 12414: 14737: 14710: 13493: 6722:. A wax cylinder of one of the recordings is held by the BBC Sound Archive. According to H. C. G. Matthew, the voice on the recording has a "slight North Welsh accent". 20491: 17242: 8548: 8509: 8456: 8300: 11514: 8417: 8378: 8339: 8222: 5015:

had been rejected by the Lords for over 200 years, and a furore arose over this vote. The next year, Gladstone included the abolition of paper duty in a consolidated

13917: 8261: 6954: 6153:. At a dinner in November with Edward Hamilton, his former private secretary, Hamilton noted that "What is now uppermost in his mind is what he calls the spirit of 18572: 17432: 6461: 5405: 5166: 4697:

issue, which was a matter of conscience for him. To improve relations with the Catholic Church, Peel's government proposed increasing the annual grant paid to the

4639:, which Britain waged to re-legalise the British opium trade into China, which had been made illegal by the Chinese government. He publicly lambasted the wars as " 11633: 9624: 9040: 6348: 5628: 1294: 20536: 16611: 16326: 15840: 15579: 7695:

Upon a review of the finance of the last five years, we are enabled to state that, notwithstanding the purchase of the telegraphs for a sum exceeding 9,000,000

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The Elementary Education (Blind and Deaf Children) Act, passed in 1893, required local authorities to provide separate education for blind and deaf children.

5526:

government by force, as opposed to government by law. For the guide of this life they had a relentless fatalism: for its reward hereafter, a sensual paradise.

4376:, and his second wife, Anne MacKenzie Robertson. He was named after a close friend of his father, William Ewart, another Liverpool merchant and the father of 20138: 17537: 14289: 10811: 20057: 15036: 15008: 14116: 13744: 12302: 12174: 11698: 11172: 10140: 8656: 5908:

party) and the bill was thrown out on the second reading, ending his government after only a few months and inaugurating another headed by Lord Salisbury.

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McLean, Iain; Foster, Christopher (1992). "The political economy of regulation: interests, ideology, voters, and the UK Regulation of Railways Act 1844".

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Gladstone altered his approach to religious problems, which always held first place in his mind. Before entering Parliament he had already substituted a

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The Opium War, 1840–1842: Barbarians in the Celestial Empire in the Early Part of the Nineteenth Century and the War by which They Forced Her Gates Ajar

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and published without Bayley's express permission, called Gladstone's declaration "a shameful calumny" and attributed his "monomania" to the "political

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are named for him. There is also Gladstone Avenue and adjoining Ewart Road in his hometown of Liverpool in a part of the city where he was a landowner.

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In 1868, Gladstone became prime minister for the first time. Many reforms were passed during his first ministry, including the disestablishment of the

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Gladstone-Gordon correspondence, 1851–1896: selections from the private correspondence of a British Prime Minister and a colonial Governor, Volume 51

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Dewey, Clive. "Celtic Agrarian Legislation and the Celtic Revival: Historicist Implications of Gladstone's Irish and Scottish Land Acts 1870–1886."

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Burnard, Trevor; Candlin, Kit (2018). "Sir John Gladstone and the debate over the amelioration of slavery in the British West Indies in the 1820s".

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Biagini, Eugenio (1991). "Popular Liberals, Gladstonian finance and the debate on taxation, 1860–1874". In Biagini, Eugenio; Reid, Alastair (eds.).

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where Gladstone made a speech in 1892, was named for him. A plaque on the rock states that he "addressed the people of Eryri upon justice to Wales".

6204:

absolution. Out of his bed he came. Alone he knelt in the presence of his God till the absolution has been spoken, and the sacred elements received.

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and the Aberdeens moved out. When Willesden acquired the house and land in 1899, they named the park Gladstone Park after the old Prime Minister.

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for 12 years, spread over four non-consecutive terms (the most of any British prime minister) beginning in 1868 and ending in 1894. He also was

19383: 18451: 17262: 17235: 16566: 15545: 14907: 14140: 13968: 10625: 6875: 5352:, the manifesto relied on "a much higher authority than Mr. Gladstone...viz., the late Richard Cobden". The dissolution itself was reported in 4735: 3464: 3454: 12249: 11999: 11943: 5158: 4842:

and the Tory Disraeli had both been perceived to have failed in the office and so this provided Gladstone with a great political opportunity.

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The budget speech (delivered on 18 April), nearly five hours long, raised Gladstone "at once to the front rank of financiers as of orators".

2361: 2331: 13623: 12144: 5916:, formed a Unionist faction that supported the Conservative party. Whenever the Liberals were out of power, Home Rule proposals languished. 20204: 18565: 17592: 16976: 16546: 15203: 13480: 10080: 6157:

under the name of Imperialism which is now so prevalent". Gladstone riposted "It was enough to make Peel and Cobden turn in their graves".

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Yildizeli, Fahriye Begum. "W.E. Gladstone and British Policy Towards the Ottoman Empire." (PhD dissertation, University of Exeter, 2016)

12852: 11008: 10601: 10417: 8924: 7949: 7801: 7762: 5710: 5635:, where he had also been adopted as a candidate. As he could lawfully only serve as MP for one constituency, Leeds was passed to his son 5382: 5057:

Palmerston's government adopted a position of British neutrality throughout the war while declining to recognise the independence of the

4703: 4504: 13619:(13 vol; vol 14 is the index; 1968–1994); includes diaries, important selections from cabinet minutes and key political correspondence. 10566: 8164: 8030: 7871: 4380:, later a Liberal politician. In 1835, the family name was changed from Gladstones to Gladstone by royal licence. His father was made a 20481: 20209: 19203: 19184: 19119: 18785: 18765: 18755: 17737: 17522: 17091: 16931: 16735: 16319: 16173: 15722: 15692: 15572: 15224: 15210: 14703: 14428: 14391: 14336: 14155: 12779: 7988: 7910: 6193: 5659: 4640: 4261: 367: 289: 12357: 10073:"[W]illiam [E]wart Gladstone, "Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East" (1876) | W.T. Stead Resource Site" 5123: – this would be done during Gladstone's First Government in 1869 and meant that Irish Roman Catholics did not need to pay their 729: 20631: 19213: 18385: 17228: 16725: 16283: 16228: 16218: 15717: 15588: 14980: 14730: 14720: 14676: 14662: 14626: 12513: 12383: 8639:

By Robert Peel, George Peel (Hon.), George Peel Sir Robert Peel: from his private papers, Volume 3 Spottiswoode and Co London p. 164.

7824: 6950: 6483: 6467: 5999: 5880: 5652: 5624: 5557: 5148: 4749:, then The Holy and Undivided Trinity College at Glenalmond. The school was set up as an episcopal foundation to spread the ideas of 2366: 1486: 746: 656: 5778:

to detain people for as "long as was thought necessary", as there was rural disturbance in Ireland between landlords and tenants as

4651:. Before 1841, Gladstone was reluctant to join the Peel government because of the First Opium War, which Palmerston had brought on. 20516: 20411: 20272: 20229: 20199: 19680: 19563: 19174: 18391: 17392: 17322: 16624: 16596: 16551: 16288: 16263: 16148: 16078: 16068: 16058: 16043: 16033: 16023: 15301: 15238: 15217: 15196: 15161: 15140: 14693: 14572: 14228: 14182: 10472: 7631:(Volume 51, Issue 4 of new series, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society) (Original from the University of California) 7429: 6596: 6075: 4911: 3192: 2756: 130: 13710: 12222: 6121:, Wales. It had begun with just 5,000 items at his father's home Fasque, which were transferred to Hawarden for research in 1851. 5106:, refused to support it. The Conservatives then formed a ministry, in which after a long Parliamentary debate Disraeli passed the 20531: 20496: 20103: 19485: 19272: 18950: 18795: 18558: 18481: 18403: 18367: 17772: 17577: 17211: 16971: 16946: 16278: 15732: 15119: 14959: 14501: 14464: 14272: 12025: 6815: 6390: 4157: 3494: 3479: 2346: 1359: 118: 60: 11897:(2007) is scholarly. For the historiography see Roland Quinault, "Gladstone and Disraeli: a Reappraisal of their Relationship." 6129:, describing himself as "a dead man, one fundamentally a Peel–Cobden man". In 1896, in his last noteworthy speech, he denounced 4806:

in 1852. Gladstone's first letter described what he saw in Naples as "the negation of God erected into a system of government".

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Gladstone's early attempts to find a wife proved unsuccessful; he was rejected in 1835 by Caroline Eliza Farquhar (daughter of

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view of the individual conscience affected his political outlook and changed him gradually from a Conservative into a Liberal.

6031:

questioned Gladstone in the Commons on what his government would do about unemployment on 1 September 1893. Gladstone replied:

5787: 5627:(leader in the House of Commons) and Lord Granville, retired in Gladstone's favour. Gladstone won his constituency election in 5394: 5281: 5200: 5140: 4512: 4233: 2835: 12406: 6004: 5362:

and 189,000 more votes nationally than the Conservatives. However, they obtained a minority of seats in the House of Commons.

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Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and Naming of More than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities

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Johnson, Bruce D. (1975). "Righteousness before revenue: The forgotten moral crusade against the Indo-Chinese opium trade".

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has described Gladstone as "unleashing the full fury of his oratorical powers against Jews and Jewish influence" during the

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at a time when public interest had turned away from scientific explorations. His leadership also led to the passage of the

5235: 5184: 5128: 5087: 4604: 4345: 4332: 4323:) and Ireland, where his government passed repressive measures but also improved the legal rights of Irish tenant farmers. 4312: 4296: 4206: 4129: 4034: 3840: 3449: 2706: 2567: 2515: 2510: 1284: 791: 85: 20151: 9240: 9014: 8245: 5971:, which rescued the English peasantry from the total loss of their independence". There were many who disagreed with him. 20526: 20501: 20446: 19656: 19267: 19252: 18810: 18607: 18493: 18285: 18279: 17957: 17692: 17597: 17487: 17462: 17382: 16833: 16581: 16556: 16248: 16198: 15790: 14793: 14106: 13908: 13188: 12831: 11691: 6830: 6394: 5825: 5482: 5328: 5305:. In foreign affairs, his over-riding aim was to promote peace and understanding, characterised by his settlement of the 5086:

won support from Nonconformists but alienated him from constituents in his Oxford University seat, and he lost it in the

4923: 4599: 4545: 4472: 4039: 3845: 3772: 2823: 2535: 2386: 1988: 986: 20159: 19598: 19425: 19419: 19401: 19371: 18121: 17632: 17547: 17542: 17397: 16881: 16781: 16571: 16561: 14528: 13997: 13988: 13029: 12962: 12653: 12555: 12337: 12030: 11874: 11625: 11609: 11002: 10560: 10520: 10456: 10411: 8934: 8542: 8450: 8411: 8372: 8333: 8294: 8255: 8216: 8064: 7982: 7943: 7904: 7865: 7795: 7756: 7617: 6536: 6420: 5749: 5632: 4839: 4570:, by 1839 he had requested that his name should be removed from the list because he no longer intended to be called to 4377: 2746: 2644: 2592: 2530: 2525: 2463: 1272: 1159: 35: 6602:

Lloyd George had written in 1913 that the Liberals were "carving the last few columns out of the Gladstonian quarry".

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The Rev. Stephen Edward Gladstone (1844–1920); married Annie Wilson in 1885. They had five children: their eldest son

5720:

says that the seizure of Egypt "was a great event; indeed, the only real event in international relations between the

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Gladstone nearly ruined his career when he tried to force a religious mission upon the Conservative Party. His book

5385:'s victory, Gladstone retired from the leadership of the Liberal party, although he retained his seat in the House. 20386: 19776: 19491: 19142: 17807: 17762: 17427: 17402: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16536: 15925: 15875: 14683: 14648: 14545: 13887: 9879: 7641: 6893: 6766: 6514: 6486:, both became Members of Parliament. Henry and Herbert became Peers (a Baron and a Viscount) and so members of the 6471: 6308: 5867: 5818: 4713:

unique position of being a secretary of state without a seat in either house and thus unanswerable to parliament."

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The Budget. Its Principles and Scope. A Speech Delivered to the Commercial Community of Glasgow, 10 September 1909

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Brooks, David (2000). "Gladstone's Fourth Administration, 1892–1894". In Bebbington, David; Swift, Roger (eds.).

10355:

Reid, Donald Malcolm (1998). "The 'Urabi revolution and the British conquest, 1879–1882"". In Daly, M. W. (ed.).

7381: 7356: 6786: 6412:. Catherine and William remained married until Gladstone's death 59 years later and had eight children together: 6332: 6316: 6126: 5924: 5765: 5370: 4918:

Between November 1858 and February 1859, Gladstone, on behalf of Lord Derby's government, was made Extraordinary

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for the first time with his parents. Whilst in London, he attended a service of thanksgiving with his family at

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A second pamphlet followed in Feb 1875, a defence of the earlier pamphlet and a reply to his critics, entitled

5358: 5260: 4265: 4029: 3944: 3830: 3499: 2181: 1750: 1289: 547: 371: 13420:

Blair, Kirstie. "The People's William and the People's Poets: William Gladstone and the Midlothian Campaign."

7139:

The Gladstone Theatre is in Port Sunlight, Wirral, across the Mersey from Liverpool, where Gladstone was born.

5579:. Gladstone also (on 29 November) condemned what he saw as the Conservative government's profligate spending: 4299:, Gladstone resigned as leader of the Liberal Party. From 1876 he began a comeback based on opposition to the 20616: 20611: 20606: 20601: 20596: 20591: 20586: 20581: 20576: 20571: 20566: 20561: 20556: 20551: 20546: 20471: 20451: 20431: 19902: 19812: 19692: 19218: 18965: 18825: 18505: 18397: 18225: 18207: 17657: 17317: 16966: 16951: 16511: 15747: 14994: 13928: 13900: 13425: 12052: 6177: 6113:

40,000 (equivalent to approximately £5.84 million today) and much of his 32,000 volume library to found

5745: 5454: 5285: 5058: 3489: 3147: 2659: 2639: 11828: 11809: 9953: 7703:.; that taxes have been lowered or abolished (over and above any amount imposed) to the extent of 12,500,000 6822:

in 1917 (and moved to its present location in 1955). It stands in Atholl Crescent Gardens. The sculptor was

6408:, he married her on 25 July 1839 – a joint wedding shared with Catherine's sister Mary Glynne and betrothed 4581:

of his left hand in an accident while reloading a gun. Thereafter he wore a glove or finger sheath (stall).

2694: 20541: 20317: 19872: 18639: 18612: 18361: 17975: 16213: 16098: 14282: 14172: 12571:

Scully, R. J. (21 January 2014). "The Origins of William Ewart Gladstone's Nickname, 'The Grand Old Man'".

12329: 8050: 7126: 7115: 7068: 5824:

Gladstone was increasingly uneasy about the direction in which British politics was moving. In a letter to

5246:. At a speech at Blackheath on 28 October 1871, he warned his constituents against these social reformers: 5239: 3979: 3519: 3302: 3227: 3207: 1189: 825: 474: 7538: 6964:

Gladstone Rock, a large boulder about 12 ft high in Cwm Llan on the Watkin Path on the south side of

6164:, Gladstone stayed at Cannes from the end of November 1897 to mid-February 1898. He gave an interview for 4814: 20096: 19950: 18700: 18674: 18654: 18540: 18236: 18154: 17687: 17677: 16745: 16687: 16481: 16335: 16013: 15609: 15147: 15029: 14435: 14381: 14316: 14262: 12967: 9713: 9088: 6522: 5968: 5426:

denied that the council had changed the relation of Catholics to their civil governments, and Archbishop

5003: 4835: 4667: 4210: 4153: 4024: 3514: 3469: 3427: 3022: 2684: 2261: 1728: 1622: 1352: 781: 766: 256: 56: 10163: 9985:

The Life of James Roosevelt Bayley, First Bishop of Newark and Eighth Archbishop of Baltimore, 1814–1877

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with 887 votes. After new bills to protect child workers were proposed following the publication of the

4248:

in 1834. Gladstone served as a minister in both of Peel's governments, and in 1846 joined the breakaway

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the handwriting of Gladstone, which provides direct evidence of Gladstone's interest in various topics.

6568:

Lord Acton wrote in 1880 that he considered Gladstone one "of the three greatest Liberals" (along with

6456: 6018: 5936: 5775: 4865: 4059: 2736: 2401: 2186: 1868: 1713: 1184: 863: 31: 13730: 13546: 12599: 12106: 10218: 6957:, took up residence. They often had Gladstone to stay as a guest. In 1897 Lord Aberdeen was appointed 5896:'s government. Gladstone regained his position as prime minister and combined the office with that of 20486: 20466: 19997: 19338: 16461: 16293: 14818: 14245: 13923: 13896: 13104:

Currents of Radicalism. Popular Radicalism, Organised Labour and Party Politics in Britain, 1850–1914

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Opium Traders and Their Worlds-Volume One: A Revisionist Exposé of the World's Greatest Opium Traders

9267:

Currents of Radicalism. Popular Radicalism, Organised Labour and Party Politics in Britain, 1850–1914

7591:

A treatise on the storing of books and the design of bookshelves as employed in his personal library.

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in reply to Gladstone's charges that Catholics have "no mental freedom" and cannot be good citizens.

5312:

in 1872 in favour of the Americans. During this time, his government gave the approval to launch the

4624: 4437: 3539: 3387: 2847: 2741: 2351: 2141: 1821: 1807: 1091: 715: 705: 13696: 13630:; vol 14, pp. 1–284 includes brief identification of the 20,000+ people mentioned by Gladstone. 13147:

Gladstone, church, state, and Tractarianism: a study of his religious ideas and attitudes, 1809–1859

10637: 6990:, Australia, was named after him and has a 19th-century marble statue on display in its town museum. 6490:. William Henry predeceased his father by seven years. Gladstone's private secretary was his nephew 840: 19896: 19890: 19628: 19223: 18835: 18690: 18680: 16775: 16765: 16755: 16521: 15752: 15322: 15091: 15077: 15057: 14943: 14872: 13956: 13553:

Gladstone and Palmerston: Being the Correspondence of Lord Palmerston with Mr. Gladstone, 1851–1865

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McCarthy, John-Paul (2010). "History and pluralism: Gladstone and the Maynooth grant controversy".

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accommodating and conciliating varying interests, along with his speeches at mass public meetings.

6426:

Agnes Gladstone (1842–1931); she married Very Rev. Edward Wickham in 1873. They had three children.

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in Flintshire, Wales. He never actually owned Hawarden, which belonged first to his brother-in-law

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edited by David Bebbington and Roger Swift, (Liverpool University Press, 2000), pp. 163–183,

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Gladstone's proposals went some way to meet working-class demands, such as the realisation of the

4943:

Less noticed at the time was his practice of replacing the trees felled by planting new saplings.

4635:, Gladstone described it as "infamous and atrocious". Gladstone emerged as a fierce critic of the 4544:

about it, and it was through this recommendation that the Duke offered Gladstone the safe seat of

4372:, William Ewart Gladstone was the fourth son of the wealthy merchant, planter and Tory politician 2236: 2121: 20277: 19991: 19497: 18945: 18805: 18623: 18524: 18147: 16956: 16258: 14839: 14518: 13685: 13620: 12136: 9999: 9929: 7500: 7122: 6801: 6777:, hundreds of women working in the factory, where many sickened and died from poisoning from the 6479: 6416: 6114: 5885: 5698: 5675: 5640: 4967: 4931: 4269: 4241: 3890: 3835: 3337: 3182: 3053: 2939: 2818: 2761: 2649: 2614: 2473: 2428: 2341: 1566: 1531: 1412: 1066: 888: 808: 644: 594: 13477: 10072: 6765:, London. Paid for by the industrialist Theodore Bryant, it is viewed as a symbol of the later 6225:

giving notice for an Address to the Queen praying for a public funeral and a public memorial in

6216:

Gladstone died on 19 May 1898 at Hawarden Castle aged 88. He had been cared for by his daughter

5602: 2018: 20381: 20354: 20089: 19956: 19722: 19586: 18275: 18268: 18214: 16896: 16506: 14899: 14061: 7318: 6953:, who subsequently became Lord Tweedmouth. In 1881 Lord Tweedmouth's daughter and her husband, 6938: 6733: 6688: 5500: 5427: 5348: 5294: 5231: 4962: 4951: 4552: 4457: 4429: 4277: 4019: 3959: 3934: 3604: 3342: 3292: 3287: 3247: 2852: 2828: 2796: 2766: 2731: 2726: 2701: 2562: 2480: 2356: 2326: 1551: 1345: 1164: 786: 436: 19303: 13669: 12849: 12643: 11247: 10992: 10448: 10401: 7933: 7785: 7746: 6133:

massacres by Ottomans in a talk delivered at Liverpool. On 2 January 1897, Gladstone wrote to

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they are about, and making them measure the cost of the benefit upon which they may calculate.

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of 1879–1880 was an early example of many modern political campaigning techniques. After the

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Machin, G. I. T. "Gladstone and Nonconformity in the 1860s: The Formation of an Alliance."

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Matthew, H. C. G. (1979). "Disraeli, Gladstone, and the politics of mid-Victorian budgets".

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holds the Gladstone Papers, which contains Gladstone's political correspondence and papers.

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Fitzsimons, M. A. "Midlothian: the Triumph and Frustration of the British Liberal Party,"

12514:"University will rename student halls named after former Prime Minister William Gladstone" 12379: 8974:"'The Compages, the Bonds and Rivets of the Race': W.E. Gladstone on the Keeping of Books" 6008:

A political cartoon depicting Gladstone as a radical bent on abolishing the House of Lords

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to the Anglican Church of Ireland). When it was passed, Disraeli took the hint and called

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Schreuder, D. M. "Gladstone and Italian unification, 1848–70: the making of a Liberal?",

12883:. London & New York: Macmillan and CO. Limited and The Macmillan Company – via 12684:

1895 of Germany's Bismarck & Britain's Gladstone as performers on the political stage

10897:

Howe, Anthony (2000). "Gladstone and Cobden". In Bebbington, David; Swift, Roger (eds.).

10512: 10103: 7557: 7488: 7484: 7064: 6993: 6979: 6901: 6868: 6630:, one of Thatcher's Chancellors, called Gladstone the "greatest Chancellor of all time". 6401: 5671: 5663: 5564: 5414: 5269: 5243: 5230:, civil service, and local government to cut restrictions on individual advancement. The 5062: 4772: 4675: 4445: 4308: 3974: 3969: 3797: 3619: 3589: 3422: 3357: 3332: 3307: 3272: 3252: 3242: 3222: 3157: 2956: 2604: 2577: 2520: 2468: 2251: 2023: 1963: 1913: 1686: 1605: 1546: 1479: 1449: 1444: 1417: 1376: 1141: 1136: 1076: 953: 898: 878: 820: 813: 616: 486: 17967: 13738: 13679: 12935: 12816: 10480: 10373:; al-Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (1978). "The British occupation of Egypt: another view". 10359:. Vol. 2: Modern Egypt, from 1517 to the end of the twentieth century. p. 219. 10291:

The New Cambridge Modern History: XI: Material Progress and World-Wide Problems, 1870–98

7745:

Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.; Evans, Andrew D.; Wheeler, William Bruce; Ruff, Julius (2014).

7576: 7246: 6517:, followed him into parliament, making for four generations of MPs in total. One of his 5904:

for Ireland. The issue split the Liberal Party (a breakaway group went on to create the

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Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform. Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860–1880

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Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform. Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860–1880

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steam locomotives were known as the "Gladstones", after the first member of its class.

6324:"the dark side" of the issue, he looked forward to "a safe and gradual emancipation". 4659:

Gladstone was re-elected in 1841. In the second ministry of Robert Peel, he served as

4615:

that would regulate the hours of work and welfare of minors employed in cotton mills.

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Disraeli, Gladstone and the eastern question: a study in diplomacy and party politics

13312:

Quinault, Roland. "Chamberlain and Gladstone: An Overview of Their Relationship." in

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Taylor, Michael (2018). "The British West India interest and its allies, 1823–1833".

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the rest free. ... Last, but not least, we have the principle of the balanced budget.

7661: 7613: 7492: 7476: 6971: 6946: 6622: 6532: 6449:(1847–1927); she married Reverend Harry Drew in 1886. They had one daughter, Dorothy. 6266: 6238: 6226: 6173: 6160:

On the advice of his doctor Samuel Habershon in the aftermath of an attack of facial

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Gladstone and Radicalism. The Reconstruction of Liberal Policy in Britain. 1885–1894

12462: 10772:. Vol. I: Autobiographica. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 55. 10671:

Gladstone and Radicalism. The Reconstruction of Liberal Policy in Britain. 1885–1894

9518: 6056:. In a fragment of autobiography dated 25 July 1894, Gladstone denounced the tax as 19962: 19848: 19818: 19509: 19461: 19015: 18940: 18915: 18910: 18905: 18875: 18865: 18705: 18644: 18634: 18433: 18338: 17897: 17872: 17752: 17220: 17161: 17081: 16996: 16916: 16792: 16730: 16441: 16426: 16401: 15930: 15865: 15845: 15820: 15810: 15800: 15420: 15371: 15357: 15112: 15001: 14042: 14011: 13816: 13804: 13768: 13180: 13017: 12884: 12580: 12021: 11703: 11473: 11437: 11410: 11375: 11293: 11177: 10382: 10325: 9931:

The Vatican Decrees in their Bearing on Civil Allegiance: A Political Expostulation

9763: 9556: 9514: 9479: 9334: 9251: 9132: 8988: 8892: 8751: 8661: 8579: 8325:

The Making of Addiction: The 'Use and Abuse' of Opium in Nineteenth-Century Britain

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Conservatives began to claim association with Gladstone and his economic policies.

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Gladstone was opposed to socialism after 1842 when he heard a socialist lecturer.

5273: 4991: 4671: 4563: 4164: 4098: 4054: 3777: 3654: 3599: 3564: 3167: 3142: 3137: 3112: 3082: 2914: 2907: 2246: 2196: 2161: 2106: 2013: 1998: 1973: 1908: 1878: 1745: 1696: 1671: 1654: 1649: 1583: 1508: 1434: 1422: 1232: 1116: 1106: 1101: 1061: 1026: 883: 873: 18550: 13637:(4 vol. Pickering & Chatto. 2006) reprints 27 original pamphlets on Gladstone. 11729: 11203: 8992: 8673: 5575:). He saw the war as "great dishonour" and also criticised British conduct in the 2166: 20292: 19878: 19800: 19704: 19686: 19085: 19070: 18895: 18880: 18870: 18860: 18685: 18257: 18177: 17907: 17887: 17877: 17827: 17707: 17647: 17562: 17106: 17066: 17016: 16770: 16586: 16501: 16486: 16381: 15910: 15825: 15815: 15805: 15614: 15455: 15378: 15364: 15350: 15084: 14616: 14535: 13714: 13627: 13597: 13522: 13497: 13484: 13457: 13438:

Brooks, David. "Gladstone and Midlothian: The Background to the First Campaign,"

13432: 13348: 13281: 13175: 13128: 13121: 13013: 13001: 12897: 12893: 12889: 12856: 12835: 12786: 10964: 7607: 7596: 7457: 7388: 7367: 7344: 7215: 7169: 7032: 7008: 6697: 6682: 6633: 6610: 6502: 6452: 6404:

in 1834 at the London home of Old Etonian friend and then fellow-Conservative MP

6217: 6149:

at the end of March and he received the Colonial Premiers in their visit for the

6082:). He retained his seat in the House of Commons until 1895. He was not offered a 5975: 5940: 5897: 5721: 5717: 5432: 5400:

between secular allegiance on the one hand and spiritual obedience on the other.

5298: 5188: 5107: 5066: 5032: 4644: 4571: 4400: 4388: 4316: 4315:, Gladstone formed his second ministry (1880–1885), which saw the passage of the 4292: 4229: 4110: 3939: 3875: 3787: 3782: 3689: 3679: 3674: 3664: 3659: 3629: 3624: 3614: 3579: 3372: 3352: 3117: 3097: 3010: 2306: 2296: 2281: 2201: 2191: 2171: 2063: 2043: 2003: 1978: 1888: 1782: 1770: 1760: 1701: 1561: 1556: 1427: 1227: 1217: 1131: 1056: 648: 11859: 10505: 9987:. Washington, D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press. pp. 393–396. 8913:

However, he did float £6 million in bonds, and his successor borrowed much more.

6785:

A statue of Gladstone in bronze by Sir Thomas Brock, erected in 1904, stands in

6718:'s European agent, Colonel Gouraud, recorded Gladstone's voice several times on 6506:

Gladstone at Hawarden with his grandchild Dorothy Drew (1890–1982), daughter of

5234:

put the supervision of the Poor Law under the Local Government Board (headed by

5082:

Gladstone's support for electoral reform and disestablishment of the (Anglican)

4483:. In 1821, William followed in the footsteps of his elder brothers and attended 20236: 20020: 19938: 19932: 19842: 19824: 19646: 19277: 19150: 19111: 19095: 19075: 19065: 19055: 19045: 18830: 18815: 18715: 18592: 18463: 18105: 17792: 17672: 17582: 17567: 17191: 17171: 17166: 17151: 17121: 17071: 16876: 16844: 16827: 16671: 16649: 16516: 16376: 16304: 16000: 15975: 15965: 15955: 15870: 15860: 15850: 15830: 15767: 15757: 15742: 15619: 15399: 15315: 15126: 15068: 14952: 14776: 14582: 14088: 14065: 13828: 13755: 13635:

Lives of Victorian Political Figures Part 1: Palmerston, Disraeli and Gladstone

13287:

O'Day, Alan. "Gladstone and Irish Nationalism: Achievement and Reputation." in

13111:

Gladstone and Ireland: Politics, Religion, and Nationality in the Victorian Age

13021: 11707: 11181: 10969: 10965:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 10038:

Wrigley, Chris (2010). "Gladstone and the London May Day Demonstrators, 1890".

8876: 8665: 8191: 8019: 7351: 7281: 7269:

Since 1937, Gladstone has been portrayed some 37 times in film and television.

7036: 7016: 6736:(formerly known as St. Deiniol's), near the start of Gladstone Way in Hawarden. 6732:

A statue of Gladstone stands prominently in the front grounds of the eponymous

6675: 6507: 6487: 6446: 6383: 6110: 6070: 6028: 5901: 5829: 5687: 5679: 5510: 5419: 5306: 4994:

for a free trade treaty between the two countries. Gladstone wrote to Cobden:

4986: 4780: 4694: 4679: 4480: 4421: 4340: 4304: 4300: 3924: 3739: 3734: 3649: 3574: 3569: 3407: 3377: 3212: 3172: 3122: 3102: 3061: 2978: 2951: 2946: 2919: 2875: 2221: 2156: 2008: 1983: 1948: 1898: 1838: 1765: 1666: 1627: 1617: 1491: 1459: 1031: 1001: 991: 925: 106: 13617:

Gladstone Diaries. With Cabinet Minutes & Prime-Ministerial Correspondence

13384:

Taylor, Michael. "The British West India interest and its allies, 1823–1833."

12994: 12828: 12790: 11712: 11477: 11379: 11297: 11186: 10386: 9560: 9338: 9136: 8755: 8650: 6614:

generation without a sneer over his Victorian morality and naive utopianism."

6595:", the first budget which aimed to redistribute wealth. The Liberal statesman 5440:" he had committed by dissolving Parliament, accusing him of "putting on 'the 4551:

Following the success of his double first, William travelled with his brother

4532: 2211: 2033: 20375: 20176: 20128: 20112: 20038: 20014: 19908: 19860: 19788: 19770: 19503: 19359: 19287: 19247: 19228: 19060: 18995: 18840: 18518: 18355: 18049: 17942: 17882: 17832: 17712: 17186: 17146: 17131: 17051: 16986: 16941: 16659: 16491: 16476: 16466: 16456: 16386: 16371: 16356: 15980: 15960: 15945: 15895: 15880: 15795: 15785: 15780: 15504: 15490: 15448: 15434: 15329: 14445: 13751:

William Gladstone – Harry Furniss Caricatures – UK Parliament Living Heritage

13005: 12774:

Feuchtwanger, E.J. "Gladstone and the Rise and Fall of Victorian Liberalism"

10476: 9954:"Infallibility. The Manning-Gladstone Controversy. Archbishop Bayley's Views" 8025: 7719:., and at a sacrifice for the financial year of something less than 5,500,000 7598:

The impregnable rock of Holy Scripture (Revised and Enlarged from Good Words)

7436: 7424: 7372: 7133: 6838: 6715: 6573: 6525:, has been the Conservative Member of Parliament for Mid Norfolk since 2010. 6222: 6134: 5978:, who contributed the introduction to a collection of anti-socialist essays ( 5876: 5706: 5441: 5209: 4860: 4608: 4488: 4281: 4273: 4049: 3812: 3744: 3719: 3699: 3584: 3282: 3162: 2934: 2256: 2216: 2146: 2116: 2083: 2078: 2058: 1938: 1863: 1775: 1638: 1454: 1212: 1179: 1121: 1006: 996: 963: 930: 909: 301: 20507:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Oxford

13324: 13241:

Keith A. P. Sandiford. "W. E. Gladstone and Liberal-Nationalist Movements."

12584: 7114:. The Lord Gladstone Hotel is on the corner of Meagher and Regent Street in 6315:

Gladstone's early attitude towards slavery was highly shaped by his father,

4511:, where he developed a reputation as an orator, which followed him into the 20123: 20026: 19926: 19920: 19866: 19782: 19662: 19467: 18990: 18970: 18930: 18925: 18900: 18602: 18349: 18327: 18320: 18306: 18160: 18135: 18128: 17892: 17857: 17842: 17837: 17787: 17742: 17507: 17492: 17156: 17136: 17126: 17116: 17096: 16681: 16406: 16268: 15985: 15920: 15915: 15900: 15890: 15525: 15483: 15441: 15413: 14966: 14102: 14093: 13652:

Foundations of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902)

12802: 11515:"Britain's colonial shame: Slave-owners given huge payouts after abolition" 9294:

Popular Liberals, Gladstonian finance and the debate on taxation, 1860–1874

9281:

Popular Liberals, Gladstonian finance and the debate on taxation, 1860–1874

8034:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 66–72. 7692:

In his election address to his constituents on 23 January, Gladstone said:

7306: 7276: 7103: 7020: 6774: 6627: 6569: 5753: 5518: 5227: 5204: 5016: 4776: 4757: 4632: 4612: 4508: 4484: 3929: 3914: 3807: 3802: 3709: 3704: 3694: 3644: 3634: 3559: 3554: 3362: 3267: 3107: 2968: 2301: 2276: 2206: 2053: 1883: 1873: 1676: 1222: 1111: 1021: 13545:

with an Introduction by M. R. D. Foot, (New York: Humanities Press, 1971)

13331:

Gladstone and Kruger: Liberal government and colonial 'home rule', 1880–85

11585:

Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological Society, Series 3, Volume II

9767: 9762:. From Deep Sea to Laboratory. Vol. 1. London: ISTE. pp. 40–41. 6253:

Glynne), died two years later on 14 June 1900 and was buried next to him.

20189: 19914: 19830: 19794: 19728: 19473: 19292: 19100: 18985: 18980: 18955: 18735: 18725: 17917: 17912: 17817: 17802: 17797: 17782: 17747: 17697: 17532: 17196: 17181: 17176: 17111: 17061: 16921: 16861: 16451: 15990: 15970: 15644: 15634: 15624: 15518: 15497: 15182: 15168: 14854: 14803: 14374: 13686:

BBC Radio – Programme Two contains a recording of Gladstone's voice.

13292: 12874: 11441: 11414: 9580:, ref. NPG 5116, National Portrait Gallery, London, accessed January 2010 8996: 8403:

The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another

7060: 6770: 6762: 6618: 6320: 6304: 6291: 6284: 6208: 6169: 5683: 5667: 5103: 4947: 4877: 4750: 4500: 4416: 4245: 4044: 3594: 3312: 3202: 3177: 3152: 2286: 2088: 2073: 2048: 1843: 1828: 1735: 1588: 1536: 1071: 1051: 1016: 920: 915: 868: 334: 13314:

Joseph Chamberlain: International Statesman, National Leader, Local Icon

13168: 9899: 9895: 9323:"Gladstone and Nonconformity in the 1860s: The Formation of an Alliance" 6440:

Catherine Jessy Gladstone (1845–1850); died aged 5 on 9 April 1850 from

5813:

Gladstone extended the vote to agricultural labourers and others in the

5567:, he rousingly denounced Disraeli's foreign policies during the ongoing 5002:

Gladstone's budget of 1860 was introduced on 10 February along with the

4268:(1865–1866). Gladstone's own political doctrine – which emphasised 4105: 3005: 19884: 19282: 19080: 19040: 19035: 19030: 19020: 18920: 18002: 17922: 17622: 17141: 17076: 16576: 15940: 15935: 15476: 15469: 13642:

The Political Correspondence of Gladstone and Lord Granville 1876–1886.

13450: 13274: 13118:

A History Of England. Period 4: Growth Of Democracy: Victoria 1837–1880

11305: 10590:"Our Abdiel: The British Press and the Lionization of 'Chinese' Gordon" 10341: 10337: 9760:

The First Explorations of the Deep Sea by H.M.S. Challenger (1872–1876)

9547:

Fair, John D. (1975). "The Irish disestablishment conference of 1869".

9534:

The rise of Gladstone to the leadership of the Liberal Party, 1859–1868

9491: 9350: 9346: 9148: 9144: 8908: 8904: 6758: 6745: 6719: 6441: 6242: 6053: 6045: 5572: 5334:

Gladstone unexpectedly dissolved Parliament in January 1874 and called

5099: 5012: 4636: 4598:, a Conservative party activist, provided him with one of two seats at 4578: 4556: 4412: 4387:

Although born and raised in Liverpool, William Gladstone was of purely

3544: 3382: 3277: 3217: 3077: 2924: 2890: 2885: 2555: 2068: 1858: 1833: 1740: 1593: 1573: 1384: 1126: 1096: 1081: 858: 682: 551: 530: 30:"Gladstone" and "William Gladstone" redirect here. For other uses, see 13341: 13135:

A History of England: Period V. Imperial Reaction, Victoria, 1880‒1901

9505:

Winter, James (1966). "The Cave of Adullam and parliamentary reform".

5871:

A political cartoon depicting Gladstone "kicked out of office" in 1886

19674: 18960: 18855: 18845: 17932: 17812: 17777: 17757: 17001: 15772: 15511: 15343: 13835: 13389: 13157: 12056: 9194:

Victorian England: Aspects of English and Imperial History, 1837–1901

8364:

Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another

7231: 7200: 7076: 6929: 6908: 6819: 6693: 6656: 6482:(known as "Willy" to distinguish him from his father), and youngest, 6161: 5967:

that "In 1834 the Government...did themselves high honour by the new

5948: 4730:. After Peel's death in 1850, Gladstone emerged as the leader of the 4727: 4567: 4453: 4433: 4365: 4237: 4225: 3984: 3684: 3397: 3197: 2993: 2791: 1993: 1513: 1316: 1237: 526: 12534:

Greenbank Student Village, on Greenbank Lane, home to Gladstone Hall

10329: 9483: 8896: 8208:

Crusaders Against Opium: Protestant Missionaries in China, 1874–1917

17927: 15587: 13777: 13773: 8283:

Quinault, Roland; Clayton Windscheffel, Ruth; Swift, Roger (2013).

7048: 7044: 7024: 6860: 6853: 6246: 6154: 6118: 5576: 5277: 4761: 4731: 4496: 4441: 4425: 4404: 4201:; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman and 3994: 3792: 3669: 2929: 2902: 2806: 2597: 1848: 1691: 1255: 968: 801: 13316:

ed. by I. Cawood, C. Upton, (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016). 97–115.

13300:

Democracy and religion: Gladstone and the liberal party, 1867–1875

13246: 12917:. London, Paris, New York, Melbourne: Cassell and Company. Limited 11690:

Matthew, H. C. G. (2004). "Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)".

4802:

against the Neapolitan government and responded to his critics in

13691: 12107:"Sir William Hamo Thornycroft (1850–1925), sculptor, a biography" 10842: 10732: 8881:"Loans versus taxes: British financial policy in the Crimean War" 8282: 7165: 7088: 7072: 7056: 7040: 7004: 6965: 6834: 6797: 6393:) and again in 1837 by Lady Frances Harriet Douglas (daughter of 6199:

recorded when he ministered to him along with Stephen Gladstone:

6183: 6087: 6083: 5733:

prepared the way for the Franco-Russian Alliance ten years later.

5437: 4804:

An Examination of the Official Reply of the Neapolitan Government

4249: 4213:

four times, for over 12 years. Apart from 1845 to 1847, he was a

3297: 2038: 1644: 1578: 1174: 600: 20081: 14929: 11344:

William Ewart Gladstone: Faith and Politics in Victorian Britain

8534:

William Ewart Gladstone: Faith and Politics in Victorian Britain

7935:

Original Spin: Downing Street and the Press in Victorian Britain

6101: 19333: 13811: 12729: 12709: 12488:"The Lord Gladstone Hotel, 115 Regent St, Chippendale NSW 2008" 10264:

Modern British Foreign Policy: The Twentieth Century: 1880–1939

10180: 7481:. Oxford: At The University Press – via Internet Archive. 7107: 7084: 7052: 7012: 6864: 6142: 5530: 5509:, attacked the Disraeli government for its indifference to the 4950:. In his lifetime, he read around 20,000 books, and eventually 4795: 4784: 4449: 4448:

of the burgh of Dingwall. In 1815, Gladstone also travelled to

4444:

to visit their relatives. Willy and his brother were both made

1708: 14891: 12407:"One of Liverpool's most influential sons – William Gladstone" 12167:"History of Glenalmond College – Scottish Independent Schools" 11583:

Weyman, Henry T. (1902). "Members of Parliament for Wenlock".

10728:"Small Agricultural Holdings Bill – (No. 183.)" 6141:

In the early months of 1897, Gladstone and his wife stayed in

5879:

was a December 1885 press release by Gladstone's son and aide

5422:

of 1588. The pamphlet sold 150,000 copies by the end of 1874.

5187:, the South Lancashire constituency had been broken up by the 5079:

Palmerston considered it a seditious incitement to agitation.

4188: 13462:

Kelley, Robert. "Midlothian: A Study In Politics and Ideas,"

12437:"Gladstone Hotel, 572 Marrickville Rd, Dulwich Hill NSW 2203" 7744: 7199:

Statue on the Gladstone Monument in Coates Crescent Gardens,

7000: 6261:

Gladstone's intensely religious mother was an evangelical of

5944:"intended to make common cause" in the interests of justice. 5124: 4396: 493: 13875: 12276:"Doubts over future of Blackburn's William Gladstone statue" 12250:"Blackburn's Gladstone statue found new home in town centre" 7601:. London: Isbister and Company – via Internet Archive. 6283:

and other critics ridiculed his arguments and refuted them.

5203:, it being quite common then for candidates to stand in two 4424:

as MP for Liverpool in 1812. In 1814, young "Willy" visited

7787:

British Society 1680–1880: Dynamism, Containment and Change

7168:, London, near to the Royal Courts of Justice and opposite 5912:

Home Rule for Ireland. A large faction of Liberals, led by

5045:

strongly opposed enfranchisement. At the beginning of each

13390:

The British West India Interest and Its Allies, 1823–1833*

9718:

The Age of Disraeli, 1868–1881: The Rise of Tory Democracy

7606:

Gladstone, William Ewart; Hamilton-Gordon, Arthur (1961).

6419:

MP (1840–1891); married Hon. Gertrude Stuart (daughter of

4957: 4809: 4756:

As a young man Gladstone had treated his father's estate,

4507:

he had long desired. Gladstone served as President of the

17997: 12057:"Edinburgh, Coates Crescent, Gladstone Memorial (146163)" 12051: 11164:

Fletcher, Sheila (2004). "Gladstone, Helen (1849–1925)".

10369: 7257:

Gladstone's burial in 1898 was commemorated in a poem by

6888:

A Gladstone memorial was unveiled on 23 February 2013 in

6212:

The British Empire in 1898, the year of Gladstone's death

5623:

In 1880, the Liberals won again and the Liberal leaders,

5521:, rather than on the Muslim religion. The Turks he said: 5113: 4176: 4170: 12823:

Matthew, H.C.G. "Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)",

11657:"Tory activists plan Conservative answer to Glastonbury" 8276: 7825:"David Davis's Victorian inspiration: William Gladstone" 7605: 6462:

Henry Neville Gladstone, 1st Baron Gladstone of Hawarden

5406:

The Vatican Decrees in their Bearing on Civil Allegiance

5226:

Gladstone's first premiership instituted reforms in the

4716: 13670:"Archival material relating to William Ewart Gladstone" 13261:

Gladstone, home rule and the Ulster question, 1882–1893

13256:(2nd ed. 1950), a standard diplomatic history of Europe 12600:"The Burial of Mr Gladstone – The Great Political Hero" 11911:

Quinault, Roland (November 2013). "The Great Rivalry".

9946: 9741: 9739: 9617: 6907:

A statue of Gladstone was unveiled on the Boulevard in

6249:) acted as pallbearers. His wife, Catherine Gladstone ( 4726:, with whom Peel had cooperated over the repeal of the 4217:(MP) from 1832 to 1895 and represented a total of five 20437:

Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies

6986:, in the United States are named for him. The city of 6933:

Dollis House, Gladstone Park, as seen from the gardens

6221:

adjourned on the afternoon of Gladstone's death, with

5900:. During this administration, he first introduced his 4471:

William Gladstone was educated from 1816 to 1821 at a

4399:, and his maternal grandfather, Andrew Robertson, was 4205:

politician. In a career lasting over 60 years, he was

20477:

Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

18118:

Sir Bartholomew Reed and Robert Fenrother (1492–1498)

13788: 12197:"William Gladstone | Tom Murphy – Liverpool Sculptor" 6949:, within what later became the park, was occupied by 4197: 4182: 17250: 13236:

Gladstone, whiggery and the liberal party, 1874–1886

11648: 9736: 9041:"William Gladstone: A prime minister who read books" 8863:

Finance and Politics: An Historical Study, 1783–1885

8826:

Finance and Politics: An Historical Study, 1783–1885

8163:. Hansard: Great Britain. Parliament. 1833. p. 6881:

A statue of Gladstone was unveiled in Front Quad at

6848:

A bust of Gladstone is in the Hall of Heroes of the

5505:

A pamphlet Gladstone published on 6 September 1876,

5199:. Gladstone stood for South West Lancashire and for 4753:

in Scotland, and to educate the sons of the gentry.

4185: 4179: 4173: 20627:

Liberal Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom

18580: 13083:

The Mind of Gladstone: Religion, Homer and Politics

12020: 10552:

British Foreign Policy 1874–1914: The Role of India

7974:

Challenge and Transformation: Britain, c. 1851–1964

7748:

Discovering the Western Past, Volume II: Since 1500

7264: 6748:, London. Note the hands, painted red by activists. 6040:In December 1893, an Opposition motion proposed by 4734:in the House of Commons. He was re-elected for the 4339:passed through the Commons but was defeated in the 4167: 2337:

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

20512:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 20427:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom 20402:19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom 18539:Office abolished in 1879 with duties given to the 13747:biography from the Liberal Democrat History Group. 11858: 11711: 11185: 10504: 10440: 9239: 8806: 8804: 8660:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 8649: 7521:Juventus Mundi: The Gods and Men of the Heroic Age 7230:A statue of William Gladstone, erected in 1899 in 6814:A monument to Gladstone, Member of Parliament for 4654: 20492:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies 14163:Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies 13131:608pp; highly detailed older political narrative 12045: 11246:. Cardinalbook.com. 19 March 1998. Archived from 7144:London, Brighton and South Coast Railway B1 Class 6757:, erected in 1882, stands near the front gate of 6609:Writing in 1944, the classical liberal economist 6464:(1852–1935); he married Hon. Maud Rendel in 1890. 5985: 5587: 4326:Back in office in early 1886, Gladstone proposed 4284:earned him the sobriquet "The People's William". 20373: 20268:Mathematics, science, technology and engineering 19141: 16334: 13697:contributions in Parliament by William Gladstone 13163:Gopal, S. "Gladstone and the Italian Question." 12910: 11895:The Lion and The Unicorn: Gladstone and Disraeli 10168:(1 ed.). London : J. Murray. p. 9 9121:"The Cobden-Chevalier commercial treaty of 1860" 9015:"Gladstone's: The UK's only residential library" 8399: 8354: 7125:, there is Gladstone Hall of Residence, and the 6807:A Grade II listed statue of Gladstone stands in 6241:, at which the Prince of Wales (the future King 6109:In 1895, at the age of 85, Gladstone bequeathed 5935:Gladstone supported the London dockers in their 5134: 4618: 15589:Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom 13307:William Gladstone: New Studies and Perspectives 13059:The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone vs Disraeli 11844:The View From No. 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical 11761:(London: Arthur L. Humphreys, 1909), pp. 30–31. 10129:"Gladstone, Disraeli and the Bulgarian Horrors" 10056: 8922: 8801: 8286:William Gladstone: New Studies and Perspectives 7896:The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone Vs Disraeli 7612:. American Philosophical Society. p. 116. 5156: 4319:as well as crises in Egypt (culminating in the 18024:Henry de Bruselee and John Chichester (1351–?) 18021:Richard de Snowshill/Richard of Grimsby (1331) 13340:, (1970) vol. 85 (n. 336), pp. 475–501 . 11400: 11071: 10767: 10165:Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East 10105:Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East 9470:Prest, J. M. (1966). "Gladstone and Russell". 9246:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 8524: 8393: 8361:Hanes, William Travis; Sanello, Frank (2004). 8059:(107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. 7540:Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East 7102:There is an imposing 'Arts and Crafts' pub in 6474:(1910–1914); he married Dorothy Paget in 1901. 5563:During the 1879 election campaign, called the 5507:Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East 5448:" in order to restore his political fortunes. 5323:restructuring the courts to create the modern 5293:work...in chains." In 1871, he instituted the 4252:faction, which eventually merged into the new 20537:Secretaries of State for War and the Colonies 20097: 19319: 19127: 18566: 17983: 17236: 16320: 15573: 14915: 13633:Partridge, Michael, and Richard Gaunt, eds. 13404:The Formation of the Liberal Party, 1857–1868 13102:Biagini, Eugenio. and Alastair Reid (eds.), 12940:. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Company 12706:at the Library of Congress, February 10, 1997 12026:"Gladstone's Statue, Albert Square (1197823)" 12014: 11806:"Speech to the Conservative Party Conference" 11745:Britain Yesterday and Today: 1832 the Present 11591: 11464:Quinault, R (2009). "Gladstone and Slavery". 11366:Quinault, R (2009). "Gladstone and Slavery". 11284:Ramm, Agatha (1985). "Gladstone's Religion". 10951: 10001:Vaticanism: an Answer to Reproofs and Replies 8865:. Vol. I. John Murray. pp. 150–151. 8828:. Vol. I. John Murray. pp. 108–109. 8445:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 290. 8400:Hanes III, W. Travis; Sanello, Frank (2004). 8105:The Gladstones: A Family Biography, 1764–1851 7136:, a light travelling bag, is named after him. 6874:A statue of Gladstone stands in front of the 6543:baronets are descended) were also grandsons. 5992:Fourth premiership of William Ewart Gladstone 5594:Second premiership of William Ewart Gladstone 5485:, one of Gladstone's secretaries, commented: 5463:Vaticanism: an Answer to Reproofs and Replies 5061:. In October 1862 Gladstone made a speech in 4670:, regarded by historians as the birth of the 4236:in 1832, beginning his political career as a 4130: 3030: 2362:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties 2332:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 1353: 14290:Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands 13582:. London: Wells Gardner, Darton and Co., LTD 13512:The Historiography of Gladstone and Disraeli 12937:The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone 12865:(1997) is an unabridged one-volume version. 11702:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 11498: 11176:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10947:. London: Robson Books Ltd. pp. 80, 91. 10375:International Journal of Middle East Studies 10312:Cain, Peter J.; Hopkins, Anthony G. (1987). 10236:The Historiography of Gladstone and Disraeli 9880:"The Vatican Decrees Controversy, 1874–1875" 9472:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 8569: 8360: 8315: 8211:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 86. 8056:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood 6664: 5859:Third premiership of William Ewart Gladstone 5403:In November 1874, he published the pamphlet 5280:illegal. In 1870, his government passed the 4920:Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands 444:Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands 404:28 December 1852 – 28 February 1855 20242:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 14863:Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 14236:Secretary of State for War and the Colonies 13376:Gladstone and the Bulgarian agitation, 1876 13319:Quinault, Roland. "Gladstone and slavery." 12628:There are 29 films cited in Denis Gifford, 12354:"Gladstone Regional Art Gallery and Museum" 10770:The Prime Ministers' Papers: W.E. Gladstone 10768:Brooke, John; Sorensen, Mary, eds. (1971). 10403:Historical Dictionary of the British Empire 10399: 10311: 9758:Aitken, Frédéric; Foulc, Jean-Numa (2019). 9757: 9700:The Charity Organisation Society. 1869–1913 9211:. London: Ernest Benn Limited. p. 241. 8537:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 108. 8247:Opium: Uncovering the Politics of the Poppy 8198: 7790:. Cambridge University Press. p. 289. 6298: 5852: 5711:Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 5090:. A month later he stood as a candidate in 4354:greatest prime ministers in British history 456:25 January 1859 – 17 February 1859 223:3 December 1868 – 17 February 1874 20104: 20090: 20064: 19326: 19312: 19134: 19120: 18573: 18559: 17990: 17976: 17243: 17229: 16327: 16313: 15580: 15566: 14922: 14908: 14892:William Ewart Gladstone navigational boxes 13737: 13678: 13595: 13088:Bebbington, David and Roger Swift (eds.), 12597: 11778:. Liverpool University Press. p. 247. 11341: 11127:Personal Recollections of Arthur H. Hallam 10901:. Liverpool University Press. p. 115. 10886:. Liverpool University Press. p. 239. 10206:. Leicester University Press. p. 148. 9815:. Cambridge University Press. p. 112. 9269:. Cambridge University Press. p. 139. 9230: 8530: 8237: 8131:. London: Cassell and Company. p. 48. 8089: 8087: 8085: 7738: 7559:Gleanings of Past Years, 1848–1878, 7 vols 7459:The State in its relations with the Church 6276:The State in its Relations with the Church 6194:Bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane 6096: 5828:on 11 February 1885, Gladstone criticised 5786:. He also passed the Second Land Act (the 5476: 5268:Gladstone instituted the abolition of the 4830:as prime minister, head of a coalition of 4428:for the first time, as he and his brother 4137: 4123: 3037: 3023: 1360: 1346: 314:11 August 1873 – 17 February 1874 69: 27:British Liberal prime minister (1809–1898) 20462:Founders of Scottish schools and colleges 13765:Works by or about William Ewart Gladstone 11893:(2013) is popular, while Richard Aldous, 11891:The Great Rivalry: Gladstone and Disraeli 11856: 11268: 10961:inflation figures are based on data from 10502: 10201: 10161: 10101: 9997: 9927: 8923:Holland, Robert; Markides, Diana (2006). 8107:. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. 8102: 7977:. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. 7899:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 4. 7594: 7574: 7555: 7536: 7517: 7498: 7474: 7455: 6468:Herbert Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone 6000:Foreign policy of William Ewart Gladstone 5919: 5653:Foreign policy of William Ewart Gladstone 5472:Portrait of Gladstone at Hawarden in 1877 5365: 5149:Foreign policy of William Ewart Gladstone 4894: 4623:Gladstone was an intense opponent of the 4475:at the vicarage of St. Thomas' Church at 2367:International Federation of Liberal Youth 269:28 April 1880 – 16 December 1882 17210:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as 14367:3 December 1868 – 17 February 1874 13876:William Ewart Gladstone succession boxes 13650:Temperley, Harold and L.M. Penson, eds. 13073:From Castlereagh to Gladstone, 1815–1885 12825:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 12675: 12641: 12511: 11910: 11822: 11803: 11742: 11597: 11463: 11365: 11244:"Cardinal Book History of Peace and War" 11163: 10302:Taylor, "International Relations" p. 554 10216: 10186: 10126: 10027:. London: John Murray. pp. 235–236. 9531: 9454: 8956: 8875: 8624: 8485: 8479:"Isle of Wight Catholic History Society" 8321: 8289:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 238. 8010: 8008: 8006: 7931: 7853: 7524:(2nd ed.). London: Macmillan and Co 7430:The Life and Times of David Lloyd George 6928: 6867:, there is a small hospital named after 6739: 6645: 6617:In the latter half of the 20th century, 6531:, an Olympic Games rowing champion, and 6513:Two of Gladstone's sons and a grandson, 6501: 6370: 6245:) and the Duke of York (the future King 6207: 6182: 6100: 6003: 5923: 5866: 5801: 5601: 5529: 5467: 5430:, in a letter which was obtained by the 5369: 5253: 5175:Gladstone's Cabinet of 1868, painted by 5152: 4961: 4898: 4813: 4531: 3193:Free association (Marxism and anarchism) 14847:Professional and academic associations 13575: 13254:The Diplomacy of Imperialism: 1890–1902 12930: 12292: 12273: 11773: 11699:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 11693:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 11689: 11576: 11326: 11173:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 11167:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10990: 10942: 10788:The Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer 10650: 10548: 10233: 10037: 9912: 9877: 9810: 9712: 9589: 9583: 9264: 9095:. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 395. 9087: 8959:The Speeches of Lord Randolph Churchill 8741: 8713: 8657:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 8609: 8432: 8328:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 66. 8250:. Harvard University Press. p. 9. 8204: 8177: 8082: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8014: 7822: 7379:David Steuart in the television serial 7214:A high school named after Gladstone in 6945:, London, was named after him in 1899. 6911:, Lancashire on 4 November 1899 by the 6696:, related to Gladstone and held by the 6580:Letters of Lord Acton to Mary Gladstone 6391:Sir Thomas Harvie Farquhar, 2nd Baronet 6307:, Gladstone's maiden speech as a young 5728:." Taylor emphasizes long-term impact: 5693:On 11 July 1882, Gladstone ordered the 5519:hostility focused on the Turkish people 4958:Chancellor of the Exchequer (1859–1866) 4810:Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852–1855) 4627:. Referring to the opium trade between 4566:in 1833, with intentions of becoming a 2347:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats 143:1 February 1886 – 21 July 1886 14: 20374: 13615:Matthew, H.C.G. and M.R.D. Foot, eds. 13414: 13109:Boyce, D. George and Alan O'Day, eds. 13038:from the original on 30 September 2020 13002:"Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)" 12971:Gladstone: Peel's Inheritor, 1809–1865 12873: 12570: 12545: 12460: 12295:"Gladstone Rock, Watkin Path, Snowdon" 11841: 11823:Thatcher, Margaret (11 January 1996). 11804:Thatcher, Margaret (14 October 1983). 11769: 11767: 11636:from the original on 24 September 2020 11582: 11525:from the original on 25 September 2015 11427: 10881: 10785: 10781: 10779: 10668: 10664: 10662: 10587: 10438: 10191:. Oxford: Clarendon. pp. 100–101. 10022: 9982: 9504: 9320: 9305: 9191: 9118: 9012: 8971: 8860: 8823: 8773:. Vol. I. Macmillan. p. 461. 8768: 8629:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 15–140. 8614:. Oxford University Press. p. 90. 8243: 8126: 7952:from the original on 24 September 2019 7892: 7874:from the original on 24 September 2019 6366: 6187:Gladstone's grave in Westminster Abbey 5784:assassinated by Irish rebels in Dublin 5395:Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom 5141:First premiership of William Gladstone 5114:Leader of the Liberal Party, from 1867 4826:In 1852, following the appointment of 4745:In 1847 Gladstone helped to establish 98:15 August 1892 – 2 March 1894 20085: 19307: 19115: 18554: 17971: 17224: 16308: 15561: 14931:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom 14903: 14890: 14767:Rector of the University of Edinburgh 13874: 13357:(George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1954). 13211:(2006), London: Hambledon Continuum, 12983:Gladstone: Heroic Minister, 1865–1898 12648:. Taylor & Francis. p. 223. 12404: 12323: 12247: 12229:. Blackburn with Darwen Council. 2017 12002:from the original on 28 December 2008 11788: 11654: 11114:Gladstone: Heroic Minister, 1865–1898 11056: 10962: 10809: 10400:Olson, James; Shadle, Robert (1996). 10261: 10143:from the original on 16 November 2019 9697: 9469: 9410: 9408: 9374: 9372: 9206: 9039:Howse, Christopher (7 October 2009). 9038: 8716:Gladstone: Heroic Minister, 1865–1898 8003: 7783: 7664:described Gladstonian finance in his 7239: 6069:Gladstone had his last audience with 6052:'s proposal to implement a graduated 5847:under siege in Khartoum for 10 months 5703:Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook 5666:." Gladstone opposed himself to the " 5444:' and attempting to play the part of 5052: 4717:Return to the backbenches (1846–1851) 14563:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 14486:1 February 1886 – 20 July 1886 14482:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 14409:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 14363:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 14190:Vice-President of the Board of Trade 13731:Portraits of William Ewart Gladstone 13369:The crisis of imperialism, 1865–1915 13195:Gladstone as Financier and Economist 13075:(1969), survey of political history 12999: 12417:from the original on 4 February 2020 12305:from the original on 31 October 2016 12203:from the original on 30 January 2019 12177:from the original on 2 November 2011 12147:from the original on 26 January 2018 12117:from the original on 16 January 2017 11944:"London's Hidden History Bow Church" 11283: 10896: 10623: 10465: 10354: 9720:. London: Longman. pp. 107–110. 9546: 9439: 9209:Gladstone as Financier and Economist 8783: 8491: 8038: 7970: 7938:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 193. 7581:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company 7478:Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age 6577: 5494: 5321:Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873 5288:. In 1871 his government passed the 5272:in the army: he also instituted the 4985:On 12 September 1859 the Radical MP 4605:1832 United Kingdom general election 4207:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 4035:Libertarianism in the United Kingdom 1285:Libertarianism in the United Kingdom 629: 357:18 June 1859 – 26 June 1866 182:23 April 1880 – 9 June 1885 86:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 14794:Rector of the University of Glasgow 14684:Leader of the British Liberal Party 14649:Leader of the British Liberal Party 14567:15 August 1892 – 2 March 1894 13602:(1 ed.). London: Edward Arnold 13538:(Leicester University Press, 1971). 13113:(Palgrave Macmillan; 2011), 307 pp. 13106:(Cambridge University Press, 1991). 13099:(Cambridge University Press, 1992). 13092:(Liverpool University Press, 2000). 12914:The Life of William Ewart Gladstone 12880:The Life of William Ewart Gladstone 12137:"Old National University of Athens" 11764: 11011:from the original on 1 January 2016 10776: 10659: 10630:Journal of Liberal Democrat History 10569:from the original on 1 January 2016 10420:from the original on 1 January 2016 8929:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8786:The Life of William Ewart Gladstone 8771:The Life of William Ewart Gladstone 8438: 7562:(1st ed.). London: John Murray 7543:(1st ed.). London: John Murray 7462:(4th ed.). London: John Murray 6831:Rector of the University of Glasgow 6423:) in 1875. They had three children. 6395:George Douglas, 17th Earl of Morton 6265:origins, and his father joined the 6178:Praise to the Holiest in the Height 5963:Gladstone wrote on 16 July 1892 in 5806:Gladstone in 1884, photographed by 5792:Fellow of the Royal Society in 1881 5388: 5073: 4966:Gladstone in 1861, photographed by 4924:United States of the Ionian Islands 4818:A pensive Gladstone, from the book 4775:Association for the Reclamation of 4584: 4479:, close to his family's residence, 4040:Libertarianism in the United States 2387:Liberal South East European Network 24: 20457:English people of Scottish descent 13702:More about William Ewart Gladstone 13528: 13156:, no. 64, (1974), pp. 30–70, 13051: 13010:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 12665: 12610:from the original on 18 March 2012 12386:from the original on 1 August 2013 12104: 12031:National Heritage List for England 11976:from the original on 19 April 2011 11667:from the original on 6 August 2017 11503:. Vol. 2. pp. 2079–2082. 10673:. The Harvester Press. p. 92. 10220:England under Gladstone, 1880–1885 9964:from the original on 27 April 2021 9405: 9369: 9051:from the original on 26 March 2010 8584:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1992.tb00941.x 8551:from the original on 18 April 2021 8531:Bebbington, David William (1993). 8512:from the original on 18 April 2021 8459:from the original on 18 April 2021 8420:from the original on 18 April 2021 8381:from the original on 18 April 2021 8342:from the original on 18 April 2021 8303:from the original on 18 April 2021 8264:from the original on 18 April 2021 8225:from the original on 18 April 2021 7765:from the original on 13 March 2020 6533:Sir Charles Gladstone, 6th baronet 6421:Charles Stuart, 12th Lord Blantyre 6347:Gladstone wrote to his friend the 6343:Shortly after the outbreak of the 5750:Cambridge School of historiography 5709:, Secretary of State for War; and 4666:Gladstone was responsible for the 4384:, of Fasque and Balfour, in 1846. 1273:Conservatism in the United Kingdom 1160:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland 36:William Gladstone (disambiguation) 25: 20643: 20482:Leaders of the Liberal Party (UK) 20111: 18068:Bartholomew Goldbeter (1421–1432) 14413:23 April 1880 – 9 June 1885 13735:National Portrait Gallery, London 13662: 13621:online, vol 1, 4, 6, 7, and 11–14 13504: 13371:(1976), pp. 76–100, 142–198. 12955:Gladstone: A Bicentenary Portrait 12524:from the original on 10 June 2020 12405:Elson, Peter (26 December 2009). 12274:Moffitt, Dominic (10 June 2020). 11996:"Statue, W.E. Gladstone Monument" 10911:Brooke and Sorensen, pp. 165–166. 10850:from the original on 19 July 2009 10740:from the original on 25 June 2009 10238:. Anthem Press. pp. 188–209. 10202:Gladstone, William Ewart (1971). 10162:Gladstone, William Ewart (1876). 10108:(1 ed.). London: John Murray 10102:Gladstone, William Ewart (1876). 10004:(1 ed.). London: John Murray 9998:Gladstone, William Ewart (1875). 9934:(1 ed.). London: John Murray 9928:Gladstone, William Ewart (1874). 9549:Journal of Ecclesiastical History 9013:Monaco, Emily (23 October 2023). 8981:Library & Information History 7991:from the original on 30 June 2021 7835:from the original on 30 June 2021 7804:from the original on 24 June 2021 7751:. Cengage Learning. p. 336. 7595:Gladstone, William Ewart (1890). 7575:Gladstone, William Ewart (1890). 7556:Gladstone, William Ewart (1879). 7537:Gladstone, William Ewart (1876). 7518:Gladstone, William Ewart (1870). 7499:Gladstone, William Ewart (1868). 7475:Gladstone, William Ewart (1858). 7456:Gladstone, William Ewart (1841). 6999:Streets in the cities of Athens, 6878:building in the centre of Athens. 6769:, which took place at the nearby 6529:Sir Albert Gladstone, 5th baronet 6078:(Gladstone would have advised on 5928:Gladstone in 1886, as painted by 5699:short, Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882 5646: 5179:. Use a cursor to see who is who. 4515:. At university, Gladstone was a 4256:in 1859. He was chancellor under 3460:Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism 2377:Liberal Network for Latin America 1810:(contributions to liberal theory) 20632:Presidents of the Board of Trade 20350: 20349: 20063: 20052: 20051: 18077:Sir Richard Tonstall (1459–1461) 17956: 17252:Presidents of the Board of Trade 15541: 15540: 13888:Parliament of the United Kingdom 13858: 13846: 13834: 13822: 13810: 13798: 13781: 13774:Works by William Ewart Gladstone 13756:Works by William Ewart Gladstone 13570:Reminiscences of Lord Kilbracken 12716: 12696: 12635: 12622: 12591: 12564: 12539: 12505: 12480: 12454: 12429: 12398: 12372: 12360:from the original on 3 June 2013 12346: 12317: 12286: 12267: 12241: 12215: 12189: 12159: 12129: 12098: 12076: 11988: 11962: 11936: 11923: 11904: 11883: 11850: 11835: 11816: 11797: 11782: 11751: 11736: 11683: 11618: 11567: 11558: 11546: 11537: 11507: 11492: 11457: 11448: 11421: 11394: 11359: 11350: 11335: 11320: 11277: 11262: 11236: 11223: 11210: 11157: 11144: 11131: 11119: 11106: 11093: 11080: 11065: 11061:. Frederick Muller. p. 158. 11050: 11041: 11032: 11023: 10997:. Clarendon Press. p. 620. 10984: 10936: 10927: 10914: 10905: 10890: 10875: 10862: 10830: 10803: 10794: 10761: 10752: 10720: 10708: 10699: 10690: 10685:Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform 10677: 10644: 10617: 10608: 10581: 10542: 10529: 10496: 10487: 10432: 10393: 10363: 10348: 10305: 10296: 10283: 10270: 10255: 10242: 10227: 10210: 10195: 10155: 10127:Rathbone, Mark (December 2004). 10120: 10095: 10083:from the original on 4 July 2019 10065: 10059:Reminiscences of Lord Kilbracken 10050: 10031: 10016: 9991: 9976: 9921: 9906: 9871: 9866:Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform 9858: 9853:Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform 9845: 9840:Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform 9832: 9827:Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform 9819: 9181:The reform of the House of Lords 8367:. Sourcebooks, Inc. p. 78. 8021:"Gladstone, William Ewart" 7971:Grey, Paul; et al. (2016). 7913:from the original on 3 July 2021 7857:Late Victorian Britain 1875–1901 7823:Gardham, Duncan (12 June 2008). 7642:Liberalism in the United Kingdom 7578:On books and the Housing of them 7265:Portrayal in film and television 7223: 7207: 7192: 7176: 7157: 6515:William Glynne Charles Gladstone 6472:governor-general of South Africa 5819:Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 5782:, the Irish Secretary, had been 5724:and the defeat of Russia in the 4709:Dictionary of National Biography 4163: 4104: 4092: 4080: 3004: 2992: 1391: 1327: 1315: 765: 728: 20517:People educated at Eton College 20412:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford 18582:Leaders of the House of Commons 14217:President of the Board of Trade 13745:William Ewart Gladstone 1809–98 12702:Presentation by Roy Jenkins on 12293:Stephen, Graham (31 May 2010). 11825:"Keith Joseph Memorial Lecture" 11125:Published on 5 January 1898 as 10843:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 10733:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 10439:Hollis, Daniel Webster (2001). 10406:. Greenwood. pp. 271–272. 9804: 9792: 9751: 9724: 9706: 9691: 9678: 9665: 9652: 9643: 9567: 9540: 9532:Williams, William Evan (1973). 9525: 9498: 9463: 9448: 9433: 9421: 9396: 9384: 9357: 9314: 9299: 9286: 9273: 9258: 9224: 9215: 9200: 9185: 9173: 9164: 9155: 9112: 9099: 9081: 9072: 9063: 9032: 9006: 8965: 8950: 8916: 8869: 8854: 8845: 8832: 8817: 8792: 8777: 8762: 8735: 8722: 8707: 8698: 8689: 8680: 8642: 8633: 8618: 8603: 8590: 8563: 8471: 8171: 8161:Hansard's Parliamentary Debates 8153: 8144: 8135: 8127:Morrah, Herbert Arthur (1923). 8120: 8111: 8096: 8073: 8016:Russell, George William Erskine 7686: 7654: 7382:Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill 6829:A statue to Gladstone, who was 6587:In 1909 the Liberal Chancellor 6455:(1849–1925), Vice-Principal of 6400:The following year, having met 6333:President of the Board of Trade 6044:called for an expansion of the 5766:Irish issue in British politics 5705:, First Lord of the Admiralty; 5232:Local Government Board Act 1871 4834:and Peelites, Gladstone became 4800:Letters to the Earl of Aberdeen 4661:President of the Board of Trade 4655:Minister under Peel (1841–1846) 4528:throughout the civilised world. 4432:travelled with their father to 4337:Government of Ireland Bill 1893 3318:Natural rights and legal rights 1295:Socialism in the United Kingdom 625: 20532:Presidents of the Oxford Union 20497:Separation of church and state 20251:Economy, society and knowledge 18115:Sir Giles Daubeney (1485–1490) 14590:Leader of the House of Commons 14509:Leader of the House of Commons 14455:Leader of the House of Commons 14344:Leader of the House of Commons 13704:on the Downing Street website. 13596:Tollemache, Lionel A. (1898). 13226:Gladstone and the Irish nation 12911:Reid, Sir Wemyss, ed. (1899). 12722:Interview with Roy Jenkins on 12671: 12550:. Penguin Books. p. 256. 11655:Mance, Henry (5 August 2017). 11501:The Mirror of Parliament, 1833 10624:Foot, M. R. D. (Autumn 1998). 10473:"Fellows of the Royal Society" 10357:The Cambridge History of Egypt 9983:Yeager, M. Hildegarde (1947). 9536:. Cambridge Unhiversity Press. 9196:. Routledge. pp. 183–184. 8784:Reid, Sir Wemyss, ed. (1899). 8498:. A&C Black. p. 224. 8244:Chouvy, Pierre-Arnaud (2009). 7964: 7925: 7886: 7847: 7816: 7777: 6996:, was named after him in 1882. 6951:Sir Dudley Coutts Marjoribanks 6943:Municipal Borough of Willesden 6824:James Pittendrigh MacGillivray 6771:Bryant & May Match Factory 6669: 6497: 6168:. Gladstone then travelled to 5986:Fourth premiership (1892–1894) 5674:. His term saw the end of the 5588:Second premiership (1880–1885) 5534:Gladstone in 1879, painted by 5374:Gladstone in 1874, painted by 4903:Gladstone in 1859, painted by 4577:In September 1842 he lost the 4395:was a prominent merchant from 4232:parents. He first entered the 4030:Libertarianism in South Africa 3945:Center for Libertarian Studies 1751:Separation of church and state 1290:Politics of the United Kingdom 13: 1: 20006:(resigned Feb 2010; replaced 19390:The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 14738:Liberal Leader in the Commons 14711:Liberal Leader in the Commons 13610:– via Internet Archive. 13590:– via Internet Archive. 13338:The English historical review 13305:Quinault, Roland, et al. eds 13245:13#1 (1981), pp. 27–42, 12948:– via Internet Archive. 12512:Clements, Max (9 June 2020). 12053:Historic Environment Scotland 11946:. Modern Gent. Archived from 10176:– via Internet Archive. 10116:– via Internet Archive. 10012:– via Internet Archive. 9942:– via Internet Archive. 9519:10.1093/ehr/LXXXI.CCCXVIII.38 8993:10.1080/17583489.2017.1334860 8957:Jennings, J. J., ed. (1889). 8600:(Macmillan, 1928), pp. 90–91. 8205:Lodwick, Kathleen L. (2015). 7732: 7589:– via Internet Archive. 7570:– via Internet Archive. 7551:– via Internet Archive. 7532:– via Internet Archive. 7513:– via Internet Archive. 7470:– via Internet Archive. 6796:, erected in 1905, stands at 6376: 6086:, having earlier declined an 5746:The Imperialism of Free Trade 5513:'s violent repression of the 5455:Letter to the Duke of Norfolk 5185:next general election in 1868 5135:First premiership (1868–1874) 4868:wrote of Gladstone's speech: 4794:In 1850–51 Gladstone visited 4693:He resigned in 1845 over the 4619:Opposition to the opium trade 4589: 4359: 4280:. His popularity amongst the 4240:, a grouping that became the 3148:Decriminalization of sex work 20422:Burials at Westminster Abbey 20407:19th-century British writers 20263:Economy, industry, and trade 19224:Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman 19143:Leaders of the Liberal Party 18033:Walter dei Bardi (1375–1391) 18027:Walter dei Bardi (1361–1361) 16336:Chancellors of the Exchequer 14141:Sir Thomas Gibson-Carmichael 13514:(Anthem Press, 2016) 402 pp 13355:History of Economic Analysis 13068:(The Harvester Press, 1975). 12598:McGonagall, William (1898). 12380:"History of Manitoban Names" 12330:Wayne State University Press 12248:Anson, John (9 April 2022). 11865:. Psychology Press. p. 11747:(6th ed.). p. 125. 11743:Arnstein, Qalter L. (1992). 11730:UK public library membership 11204:UK public library membership 10217:McCarthy, Justin H. (1885). 10061:. Macmillan. pp. 83–84. 9698:Mowat, Charles Loch (1961). 9631:. 2 November 1868. p. 4 9593:Gladstone: 1809-1865 (p.342) 9457:The Age of Reform, 1815–1870 9455:Woodward, Llewellyn (1962). 9442:English Historical Documents 9242:History of Economic Analysis 8961:. Longman. pp. 111–112. 8926:The British and the Hellenes 8674:UK public library membership 7666:History of Economic Analysis 7357:Monty Python's Flying Circus 7330:Gordon Richards in the film 7127:Gladstone Professor of Greek 6924: 5797: 5301:for secret ballots, and the 5297:. He secured passage of the 5276:in 1869 that made peacetime 5258:Gladstone as caricatured by 5240:Charity Organization Society 4611:, he voted against the 1833 4548:which he then controlled. 4364:Born on 29 December 1809 in 4348:and died three years later. 4295:. After electoral defeat in 4276: – came to be known as 3980:Freeman on the land movement 3303:Libertarianism (metaphysics) 3208:Free-market environmentalism 7: 20522:People of the Victorian era 18624:Vacant (caretaker ministry) 18541:Chancellor of the Exchequer 18074:Robert Manfield (1446–1459) 18030:John Chichester (1365–1367) 14436:Chancellor of the Exchequer 14382:Chancellor of the Exchequer 14317:Chancellor of the Exchequer 14263:Chancellor of the Exchequer 13780:(public domain audiobooks) 13388:133.565 (2018): 1478–1511. 13323:52.2 (2009): 363–383. DOI: 13289:Gladstone Centenary Essays, 13273:17, no. 2 (1974): 347–364. 12820:(1954) London, John Murray. 12086:. City of Edinburgh Council 12084:"City of Edinburgh Council" 11857:Partridge, Michael (2003). 11499:Henry Barrow, John (1833). 10503:Partridge, Michael (2003). 10187:Alderman, Geoffrey (1992). 9574:Gladstone's Cabinet of 1868 8406:. Sourcebooks. p. 88. 7854:Harrison, J. F. C. (2013). 7635: 6982:; Gladstone, Missouri; and 6833:1877–1880, was unveiled in 6818:1880–1895, was unveiled in 6582:. George Allen. p. 57. 6578:Paul, Herbert, ed. (1904). 6357:vice-president of the South 6256: 5770:In 1881 he established the 5517:. Gladstone made clear his 4939:Mr Gladstone may perspire." 4836:Chancellor of the Exchequer 4820:Great Britain and Her Queen 4562:Although Gladstone entered 4211:Chancellor of the Exchequer 4025:Libertarian science fiction 257:Chancellor of the Exchequer 10: 20648: 20527:Politicians from Liverpool 20502:Scottish Liberal Party MPs 20447:English classical liberals 19617:Jervoise Athelstane Baines 18071:John Paddesley (1435–1446) 18065:Sir Lewis John (1418–1420) 18062:Sir Lewis John (1413–1414) 18059:Richard Garner (1411–1414) 13440:Scottish Historical Review 13090:Gladstone Centenary Essays 13022:10.4135/9781412965811.n123 12642:Richards, Jeffrey (2014). 11972:. Liverpool City Council. 11776:Gladstone Centenary Essays 11630:ancestors.familysearch.org 11604:. iUniverse. p. 190. 11403:Journal of British Studies 11342:Bebbington, David (1993). 11327:Matthew, H. C. G. (1986). 10991:Matthew, H. C. G. (1997). 10899:Gladstone Centenary Essays 10884:Gladstone Centenary Essays 10600:(2): 127ff. Archived from 10250:Gladstone's foreign policy 10151:– via History Today. 9913:Matthew, H. S. C. (1997). 9884:Catholic Historical Review 9878:Altholz, Josef L. (1972). 9236:Elizabeth Boody Schumpeter 9119:Iliasu, Asaana A. (1971). 8610:Matthew, H. C. G. (1995). 8192:10.1177/002204267500500404 8129:The Oxford Union 1823–1923 8103:Checkland, Sydney (1971). 8049: 7502:A Chapter of Autobiography 7150: 6959:Governor-General of Canada 6915:. The statue, sculpted by 6726: 6678:holds Gladstone's diaries. 6457:Newnham College, Cambridge 5989: 5856: 5836: 5776:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 5763: 5759: 5650: 5591: 5547:Bulgarian Crisis (1885–88) 5498: 5392: 5138: 4594:When Gladstone was 22 the 4391:ancestry. His grandfather 4060:Sovereign citizen movement 1185:Scottish Liberal Democrats 864:Civil and political rights 32:Gladstone (disambiguation) 29: 20340: 20250: 20225:The Marquess of Salisbury 20137: 20119: 20047: 19971: 19578: 19378:The Marquess of Lansdowne 19354:The Marquess of Lansdowne 19345: 19339:Royal Statistical Society 19237: 19193: 19149: 18588: 18537: 18337: 18256: 18235: 18176: 18104: 18043: 18036:John Wildeman (1391–1391) 18010: 17954: 17258: 17205: 16806: 16610: 16342: 16239:Alexander of Hillsborough 16224:5th Marquess of Salisbury 16194:4th Marquess of Salisbury 16169:5th Marquess of Lansdowne 16144:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 16129:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 16119:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 16064:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 16054:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 16029:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 16019:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 15999: 15595: 15535: 15067: 14942: 14897: 14869: 14859: 14851: 14846: 14832: 14823: 14815: 14810: 14800: 14791: 14783: 14773: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14744: 14735: 14727: 14717: 14708: 14700: 14690: 14681: 14669: 14655: 14646: 14638: 14633: 14623: 14614: 14606: 14596: 14587: 14579: 14569: 14560: 14556:The Marquess of Salisbury 14552: 14542: 14533: 14525: 14515: 14506: 14498: 14492:The Marquess of Salisbury 14488: 14479: 14475:The Marquess of Salisbury 14471: 14461: 14452: 14442: 14433: 14425: 14419:The Marquess of Salisbury 14415: 14406: 14398: 14388: 14379: 14371: 14360: 14352: 14341: 14333: 14323: 14314: 14306: 14296: 14287: 14279: 14269: 14260: 14252: 14242: 14233: 14225: 14214: 14206: 14196: 14187: 14179: 14169: 14160: 14152: 14147: 14137: 14123:Member of Parliament for 14121: 14113: 14099: 14072:Member of Parliament for 14070: 14058: 14026:Member of Parliament for 14024: 14008: 13994: 13967:Member of Parliament for 13965: 13953: 13939: 13924:William Farnworth Handley 13907:Member of Parliament for 13905: 13897:William Farnworth Handley 13893: 13886: 13881: 13536:Midlothian Speeches. 1879 13386:English Historical Review 13204:(Frederick Muller, 1947). 12829:online edition, May 2006. 12785:24 September 2019 at the 12715: 12695: 12690: 12223:"William Ewart Gladstone" 11793:. Routledge. p. 188. 11478:10.1017/S0018246X0900750X 11430:English Historical Review 11380:10.1017/S0018246X0900750X 11298:10.1017/S0018246X00003137 10826:– via google.co.uk. 10717:(12 December 1891), p. 7. 10555:. Routledge. p. 58. 10387:10.1017/S0020743800030658 10204:Midlothian Speeches. 1879 9590:Shannon, Richard (1984). 9561:10.1017/S0022046900047734 9507:English Historical Review 9339:10.1017/S0018246X00007780 9321:Machin, G. I. T. (1974). 9310:. Constable. p. 563. 9192:Seaman, L. C. B. (1973). 9137:10.1017/S0018246X00007408 8972:Scarre, Geoffrey (2017). 8946:– via Google Books. 8756:10.1017/S0018246X00017015 8714:Shannon, Richard (1999). 8322:Foxcroft, Louise (2013). 7860:. Routledge. p. 31. 7439:in the television series 7427:in the television series 7415:in the television series 7403:in the television serial 7391:in the television series 7185:Albert Square, Manchester 6850:National Wallace Monument 6753:A statue of Gladstone by 6709:National Library of Wales 6702:National Library of Wales 6665:Monuments and collections 6546: 6281:Thomas Babington Macaulay 5996:Fourth Gladstone ministry 5890:Irish Parliamentary Party 5744:(1961), which focused on 5741:Africa and the Victorians 5713:, the Foreign Secretary. 5695:bombardment of Alexandria 5639:. One of his other sons, 5607:The Cabinet Council, 1883 5598:Second Gladstone ministry 5108:Second Reform Act of 1867 4946:Gladstone was a lifelong 4505:double first-class degree 4087:Libertarianism portal 2974:Sexually liberal feminism 2881:Bias in American academia 2352:European Democratic Party 1808:List of liberal theorists 1334:United Kingdom portal 736: 724: 693: 681: 662: 639: 610: 579: 568: 558: 537: 508: 503: 499: 492: 480: 468: 460: 449: 442: 430: 420: 408: 397: 387: 377: 361: 350: 340: 328: 318: 307: 295: 283: 273: 262: 255: 245: 235: 227: 216: 212:The Marquess of Salisbury 206: 194: 186: 175: 171:The Marquess of Salisbury 165: 161:The Marquess of Salisbury 155: 147: 136: 124: 119:The Marquess of Salisbury 112: 102: 91: 84: 80: 68: 45: 20622:Younger sons of baronets 19629:Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 18386:5th Earl of Chesterfield 15016:Chatham (Pitt the Elder) 14787:The Earl of Beaconsfield 14634:Party political offices 14402:The Earl of Beaconsfield 13713:25 February 2021 at the 13654:(1938), primary sources 13644:(2 vol Clarendon, 1962) 13599:Talks with Mr. Gladstone 13576:Russell, G.W.E. (1911). 13543:Midlothian Speeches 1884 13521:26 December 2019 at the 13483:27 February 2020 at the 13449:(1960) 22#2 pp 187–201. 13167:41#141 (1956): 113–121. 12993:, a scholarly biography 12111:www.glasgowsculpture.com 11998:. Art and architecture. 11029:Tollemache, pp. 166–167. 10813:Sociology in Perspective 10669:Barker, Michael (1975). 10594:Nineteenth-Century Prose 10057:Lord Kilbracken (1931). 9801:(24 January 1874), p. 8. 9733:(30 October 1871), p. 3. 9430:(24 October 1862), p. 7. 9393:(25 October 1862), p. 4. 9381:(20 October 1862), p. 7. 9366:(12 October 1862), p. 3. 8885:Economic History Reviewd 8439:Fay, Peter Ward (2000). 7893:Aldous, Richard (2007). 7647: 7449: 6904:created the bronze bust. 6843:William Hamo Thornycroft 6303:Initially a disciple of 6299:Attitude towards slavery 6027:Conservative MP Colonel 6014:general election of 1892 5863:Third Gladstone ministry 5853:Third premiership (1886) 5845:'s force which had been 5748:and was promoted by the 5515:Bulgarian April uprising 5145:First Gladstone ministry 4910:The Conservative Leader 4335:, at the age of 82. The 4305:Bulgarian April Uprising 4291:and the introduction of 4272:and opposition to trade 4005:Libertarian conservatism 3428:Workers' self-management 3328:Non-aggression principle 1633:Labor theory of property 745:This article is part of 674:Anne MacKenzie Robertson 20387:William Ewart Gladstone 20220:William Ewart Gladstone 20210:The Viscount Palmerston 19456:William Ewart Gladstone 19209:William Ewart Gladstone 19204:The Viscount Palmerston 18500:William Ewart Gladstone 15260:Disraeli (Beaconsfield) 14840:Spencer Horatio Walpole 14826:Senior Privy Counsellor 14748:William Vernon Harcourt 14704:The Viscount Palmerston 14519:Lord Randolph Churchill 14502:Sir Michael Hicks-Beach 14465:Sir Michael Hicks-Beach 14337:The Viscount Palmerston 14300:Sir Henry Knight Storks 14053:Constituency abolished 13626:7 November 2017 at the 13560:Queen And Mr. Gladstone 13353:Schumpeter, Joseph A. 13185:Queen and Mr. Gladstone 12740:William Ewart Gladstone 12546:Conrad, Joseph (2010). 12171:glenalmondcollege.co.uk 11901:91#304 (2006): 557–576. 11072:Six Oxford Men (1897). 10963:Clark, Gregory (2017). 10943:Sampson, Daisy (2004). 10790:. Methuen. p. 302. 10636:: 26–32. Archived from 10318:Economic History Review 10077:attackingthedevil.co.uk 10023:Magnus, Philip (1963). 9811:Biagini, E. F. (1992). 9306:Ridley, Jasper (1970). 8861:Buxton, Sydney (1888). 8824:Buxton, Sydney (1888). 8788:. Cassell. p. 412. 8150:Partridge, (2003) p. 32 8031:Encyclopædia Britannica 7932:Brighton, Paul (2016). 7784:Price, Richard (1999). 7660:The Austrian economist 7123:University of Liverpool 6876:Kapodistrian University 6841:. The sculptor was Sir 6802:Royal Courts of Justice 6773:. Led by the socialist 6767:1888 match girls strike 6744:Statue of Gladstone at 6478:Gladstone's eldest son 6417:William Henry Gladstone 6097:Final years (1894–1898) 5676:Second Anglo-Afghan War 5569:Second Anglo-Afghan War 5477:Opposition to socialism 5286:Forster's Education Act 5004:Cobden–Chevalier Treaty 4932:Lord Randolph Churchill 4771:In 1848 he founded the 4270:equality of opportunity 4150:William Ewart Gladstone 4020:Libertarian Republicans 3338:Participatory economics 3183:Expropriative anarchism 2342:Arab Liberal Federation 1532:Consent of the governed 1190:Social Democratic Party 889:Equality before the law 487:Sir Henry Knight Storks 368:The Viscount Palmerston 52:William Ewart Gladstone 20417:April Uprising of 1876 20185:The Viscount Melbourne 20139:Politics and diplomacy 19957:Robert Nicholas Curnow 19723:Henry William Macrosty 19681:The Viscount D'Abernon 19593:Sir Francis Powell, Bt 19587:Patrick George Craigie 19438:Sir John Pakington, Bt 19273:Sir Archibald Sinclair 19214:Marquess of Hartington 18452:3rd Earl of Mornington 18392:2nd Marquess Townshend 14731:Marquess of Hartington 14721:Marquess of Hartington 14677:Marquess of Hartington 14663:Marquess of Hartington 14429:Sir Stafford Northcote 14392:Sir Stafford Northcote 14062:Charles Tilston Bright 13558:Guedalla, Philip, ed. 13551:Guedalla, Philip, ed. 13541:Gladstone, William E. 13466:(1960) 4#2 pp 119–140. 13321:The Historical Journal 12817:Gladstone: A biography 12807:Gladstone: A Biography 12795:Jagger, Peter J., ed. 12724:Gladstone: A Biography 12704:Gladstone: A Biography 12685: 12630:British Film Catalogue 12461:Meader, Chrys (2008). 12324:Romig, Walter (1986). 11846:. Bantam. p. 279. 11842:Lawson, Nigel (1992). 11708:10.1093/ref:odnb/10787 11564:Quinault, pp. 376–377. 11466:The Historical Journal 11454:Quinault, pp. 366–367. 11368:The Historical Journal 11356:Morley (1901) 1:90–91. 11331:. pp. 42, 62, 66. 11286:The Historical Journal 11269:Partridge, M. (2003). 11182:10.1093/ref:odnb/38639 10945:The Politics Companion 10786:Duncan, David (1908). 10653:Gladstone: A Biography 10588:Miller, Brook (2005). 10549:Mahajan, Sneh (2003). 10537:Life of Gladstone: III 10443:The History of Ireland 10025:Gladstone: A Biography 9748:(29 June 1886), p. 11. 9702:. Methuen. p. 19. 9625:"The Coming Elections" 8666:10.1093/ref:odnb/10787 8627:'Gladstone and Ireland 8180:Journal of Drug Issues 7725: 7683: 7079:(including a school), 7003:(including a school), 6934: 6837:in 1902. It stands in 6749: 6662: 6643: 6566: 6519:collateral descendants 6510: 6470:, MP (1854–1930), 1st 6386: 6213: 6206: 6188: 6138:termed Collectivism". 6106: 6067: 6038: 6009: 5961: 5932: 5920:Opposition (1886–1892) 5872: 5810: 5774:, which permitted the 5735: 5620: 5585: 5538: 5528: 5501:April Uprising of 1876 5492: 5473: 5428:James Roosevelt Bayley 5378: 5366:Opposition (1874–1880) 5295:Universities Tests Act 5265: 5252: 5224: 5180: 5065:in which he said that 5042: 5000: 4970: 4941: 4907: 4895:Opposition (1855–1859) 4874: 4853: 4823: 4537: 4536:Gladstone in the 1830s 4530: 4278:Gladstonian liberalism 4224:Gladstone was born in 3960:Conscientious objector 3343:Propaganda of the deed 3293:Individual reclamation 3288:Individualist feminism 3248:Freedom of information 3228:Freedom of association 3188:Federalism (anarchist) 2357:European Liberal Youth 2327:Africa Liberal Network 1552:Economic globalization 437:George Cornewall Lewis 19855:George Alfred Barnard 19759:Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 19611:Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 19552:Alfred Edmund Bateman 19522:Thomas Graham Balfour 19360:Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 19185:The Marquess of Crewe 19180:The Marquess of Ripon 19170:The Earl of Kimberley 18482:1st Baron Dunfermline 18446:2nd Earl of Clancarty 18404:2nd Earl of Liverpool 18380:3rd Earl of Effingham 18368:3rd Viscount Chetwynd 18362:Hon. Richard Arundell 16352:Eustace of Fauconberg 16209:Ponsonby of Shulbrede 14200:The Earl of Dalhousie 13998:Sir William Heathcote 13989:Sir William Heathcote 13717:(character sketch by 13442:(1985) 64#1 pp 42–67. 13431:25 March 2020 at the 13397:Gladstone and Ireland 13347:29 March 2017 at the 13325:Gladstone and Slavery 13280:9 August 2020 at the 13174:29 March 2017 at the 12834:30 April 2013 at the 12679: 12585:10.1093/notesj/gjt270 11789:Hayek, F. A. (2001). 11598:Kienholz, M. (2008). 11555:(14 June 1844), p. 7. 11519:Independent on Sunday 11076:. Cassell. p. x. 11057:Hirst, F. W. (1947). 10651:Jenkins, Roy (1997). 10614:Jenkins, pp. 523–532. 10511:. Routledge. p. 10447:. Greenwood. p. 10252:(1935) is favourable. 10234:St John, Ian (2016). 9768:10.1002/9781119610953 9416:Life of Gladstone: II 9232:Schumpeter, Joseph A. 9207:Hirst, F. W. (1931). 8769:Morley, John (1903). 8572:Public Administration 7693: 7669: 7505:. London: John Murray 6988:Gladstone, Queensland 6984:Gladstone, New Mexico 6976:Gladstone, New Jersey 6932: 6743: 6652: 6646:Rivalry with Disraeli 6638: 6561: 6505: 6374: 6363:removal of slavery." 6349:Duchess of Sutherland 6211: 6201: 6186: 6104: 6058: 6033: 6019:Second Home Rule Bill 6007: 5957: 5927: 5870: 5805: 5730: 5605: 5581: 5533: 5523: 5499:Further information: 5487: 5471: 5411:First Vatican Council 5393:Further information: 5373: 5257: 5248: 5219: 5197:South West Lancashire 5193:South East Lancashire 5174: 5088:1865 general election 5037: 4996: 4965: 4936: 4905:George Frederic Watts 4902: 4870: 4848: 4817: 4535: 4525: 4493:Christ Church, Oxford 4328:home rule for Ireland 4313:1880 general election 4015:Libertarian socialism 4010:Libertarian Democrats 3940:Austro-libertarianism 3858:Historical background 3485:Intellectual property 3413:Voluntary association 3238:Freedom of conscience 3093:Anti-authoritarianism 3088:Age of consent reform 2999:Liberalism portal 2871:Anti-authoritarianism 2372:Liberal International 1322:Liberalism portal 758:in the United Kingdom 688:Christ Church, Oxford 20472:Home rule in Ireland 20452:English libertarians 20432:Classical liberalism 20230:The Earl of Rosebery 20205:The Earl of Aberdeen 19765:Austin Bradford Hill 19641:Lord George Hamilton 19623:Lord George Hamilton 19546:John Biddulph Martin 19420:The Earl of Harrowby 19414:The Earl FitzWilliam 19402:The Earl of Harrowby 19396:The Earl FitzWilliam 19366:The Earl FitzWilliam 19219:Sir William Harcourt 19175:The Earl of Rosebery 18476:1st Earl of Auckland 18470:John Charles Herries 18428:Lord Charles Spencer 18012:House of Plantagenet 14694:The Earl of Rosebery 14600:Sir William Harcourt 14573:The Earl of Rosebery 14529:The Earl of Harrowby 14107:Baron Henry de Worms 13674:UK National Archives 13496:16 June 2020 at the 13471:Gladstone: 1809–1898 13456:9 March 2021 at the 13127:5 March 2017 at the 13016:. pp. 206–207. 12863:Gladstone: 1809–1898 12855:28 June 2020 at the 12846:Gladstone, 1875–1898 12842:Gladstone, 1809–1874 12745:Biagini, Eugenio F. 12645:Visions of Yesterday 12467:Dictionary of Sydney 12254:Lancashire Telegraph 12141:www.athens-greece.us 11931:Gladstone. 1875–1898 11521:. 24 February 2013. 11415:10.1017/jbr.2018.115 11329:Gladstone, 1809–1874 11231:Gladstone. 1875–1898 11218:Gladstone. 1875–1898 11190:on 24 September 2019 11152:Gladstone. 1875–1898 11139:Gladstone. 1875–1898 11101:Gladstone. 1875–1898 11088:Gladstone. 1875–1898 11074:Essays in Liberalism 10922:Gladstone. 1875–1898 10870:Gladstone. 1875–1898 10846:. 1 September 1893. 10810:Kirby, Mark (2000). 10262:Hayes, Paul (1978). 10189:Modern British Jewry 9960:. 22 November 1874. 9915:Gladstone: 1809–1898 9686:Gladstone. 1809–1874 9673:Gladstone. 1809–1874 9660:Gladstone. 1809–1874 9578:Lowes Cato Dickinson 9107:Gladstone. 1809–1874 9093:Gladstone. 1809–1865 8840:Gladstone. 1809–1874 8812:Gladstone, 1809–1874 8730:Gladstone. 1809–1874 8612:Gladstone. 1875–1898 8596:Viscount Gladstone, 7312:Sixty Glorious Years 7300:The Lady with a Lamp 7272:Portrayals include: 6406:James Milnes Gaskell 6115:St Deiniol's Library 6105:Gladstone in old age 6042:Lord George Hamilton 5571:in Afghanistan (see 5536:John Everett Millais 5343:free breakfast table 5177:Lowes Cato Dickinson 4822:, by Anne E. Keeling 4736:University of Oxford 4676:Parliamentary trains 4215:Member of Parliament 4099:Anarchism portal 4065:Technolibertarianism 4050:Public choice theory 4000:Green libertarianism 3955:Classical liberalism 3950:Civil libertarianism 3866:Age of Enlightenment 3475:Foreign intervention 3323:Night-watchman state 1803:Age of Enlightenment 1756:Separation of powers 1278:Liberal conservatism 959:Anti-Corn Law League 894:Freedom of the press 494:Additional positions 415:The Earl of Aberdeen 131:The Earl of Rosebery 48:The Right Honourable 20542:Tory MPs (pre-1834) 20273:Society and culture 20033:David Spiegelhalter 19741:Ernest Charles Snow 19486:George Shaw-Lefevre 19444:William Henry Sykes 18512:Richard Lalor Sheil 18488:1st Baron Ashburton 18194:Sir Edward Villiers 17538:Parkinson-Fortescue 16179:Curzon of Kedleston 14836:The Duke of Rutland 14627:The Lord Tweedmouth 14156:John Stuart-Wortley 13415:Midlothian campaign 13360:Seton-Watson, R.W. 13252:Langer, William L. 13209:Gladstone and Women 13116:Bright, J. Franck. 13000:Shut, M.L. (2008). 12932:Russell, George W.E 12767:Feuchtwanger, E.J. 11791:The Road to Serfdom 11587:. pp. 353–354. 11038:Tollemache, p. 123. 10994:Gladstone 1809–1898 10626:"The Hawarden Kite" 9221:Hirst, pp. 242–243. 9045:The Daily Telegraph 8718:. pp. 583–584. 8651:"William Gladstone" 8495:Gladstone and Women 8492:Isba, Anne (2006). 7829:The Daily Telegraph 7116:Chippendale, Sydney 7043:, Baltimore, MD., 6994:Gladstone, Manitoba 6980:Gladstone, Michigan 6892:, Liverpool, by MP 6869:Catherine Gladstone 6800:, London, near the 6734:Gladstone's Library 6689:Gladstone's Library 6660:in the later 1870s. 6435:Gladstone baronetcy 6367:Marriage and family 6353:principle announced 6166:The Daily Telegraph 5974:Gladstone wrote to 5672:scramble for Africa 5664:Neville Chamberlain 5565:Midlothian campaign 5415:Papal Infallibility 5270:sale of commissions 5244:New Social Alliance 4773:Church Penitentiary 4559:of western Europe. 4464:, where he saw the 4458:St Paul's Cathedral 4309:Midlothian Campaign 4303:'s reaction to the 4111:Politics portal 3975:Economic liberalism 3970:Cultural liberalism 3505:Political alliances 3358:Reproductive rights 3333:Non-interventionism 3273:Homestead principle 3253:Freedom of religion 3243:Freedom of contract 3223:Freedom of assembly 3158:Drug liberalization 3011:Politics portal 1714:Civil and political 1687:Popular sovereignty 1547:Economic liberalism 954:Glorious Revolution 899:Freedom of religion 879:Economic liberalism 19807:Joseph Oscar Irwin 19717:Arthur Lyon Bowley 19599:The Earl of Onslow 19408:The Lord Overstone 19268:Sir Herbert Samuel 19263:David Lloyd George 19253:Sir Donald Maclean 19160:The Earl Granville 18836:Campbell-Bannerman 18530:Vacant (1869–1879) 18188:Sir Richard Martin 18167:Sir Richard Martin 18122:4th Baron Mountjoy 18095:Robert Brackenbury 18088:Robert Brackenbury 17212:Lord Chief Justice 16284:Royall of Blaisdon 16264:Cledwyn of Penrhos 15753:Campbell-Bannerman 15323:Campbell-Bannerman 14673:The Earl Granville 14659:The Earl Granville 14148:Political offices 13640:Ramm, Agatha, ed. 13572:(Macmillan, 1931). 13447:Review of Politics 13422:The People's Voice 13392:, focus on slavery 13374:Shannon, Richard. 13367:Shannon, Richard. 13271:Historical Journal 13202:In the Golden Days 13154:Past & Present 12953:Russell, Michael. 12686: 11970:"St John's Garden" 11950:on 3 December 2013 11626:"FamilySearch.org" 11573:Checkland, p. 300. 11442:10.1093/ehr/cey336 11436:(565): 1478–1511. 11059:In the Golden Days 10959:Retail Price Index 10705:Barker, pp. 93–94. 10371:Galbraith, John S. 9391:The New York Times 9327:Historical Journal 9125:Historical Journal 8744:Historical Journal 8695:Morley, 1:230–231. 8598:After Thirty Years 7394:Edward the Seventh 7333:The Imperfect Lady 7324:The Prime Minister 7294:Victoria the Great 7259:William McGonagall 7251:Stafford Northcote 7240:In popular culture 6935: 6883:Glenalmond College 6794:Gladstone Memorial 6750: 6589:David Lloyd George 6557:Walter L. Arnstein 6511: 6387: 6345:American Civil War 6317:Sir John Gladstone 6263:Scottish Episcopal 6231:London Underground 6214: 6189: 6107: 6010: 5980:A Plea for Liberty 5933: 5914:Joseph Chamberlain 5873: 5811: 5772:Irish Coercion Act 5726:Russo-Japanese war 5670:" pushing for the 5621: 5619:, 27 November 1883 5539: 5474: 5446:Lord George Gordon 5409:, directed at the 5379: 5336:a general election 5314:expedition of HMS 5303:Licensing Act 1872 5266: 5181: 5129:a General Election 5053:American Civil War 5035:recalled in 1865: 4971: 4908: 4824: 4766:Sir Stephen Glynne 4747:Glenalmond College 4704:Colonial Secretary 4538: 4473:preparatory school 4462:Battle of Waterloo 4409:Sheriff-Substitute 4242:Conservative Party 3465:Capital punishment 3455:Affirmative action 3368:Right to sexuality 3348:Property is theft! 3263:Freedom of thought 1682:Permissive society 1662:Limited government 1102:Mill (John Stuart) 670:Sir John Gladstone 346:Stafford Northcote 290:Stafford Northcote 20442:English Anglicans 20369: 20368: 20363: 20362: 20215:Benjamin Disraeli 20200:The Earl of Derby 20195:Lord John Russell 20079: 20078: 20004:Bernard Silverman 19945:D. J. Bartholomew 19813:Sir Paul Chambers 19735:William Beveridge 19651:Registrar General 19528:Frederic J. Mouat 19450:The Lord Houghton 19432:Lord John Russell 19301: 19300: 19259: 19109: 19108: 18548: 18547: 18494:1st Baron Taunton 18458:1st Baron Wallace 18440:3rd Earl Bathurst 18422:3rd Earl Bathurst 18127:Ralph Rowlet/Sir 18090:(April–June 1483) 18083:(1461–April 1483) 17965: 17964: 17218: 17217: 16302: 16301: 16289:Smith of Basildon 15555: 15554: 14884: 14883: 14879: 14878: 14870:Succeeded by 14861:President of the 14833:Succeeded by 14801:Succeeded by 14774:Succeeded by 14755:Academic offices 14745:Succeeded by 14718:Succeeded by 14691:Succeeded by 14656:Succeeded by 14624:Succeeded by 14597:Succeeded by 14570:Succeeded by 14543:Succeeded by 14516:Succeeded by 14489:Succeeded by 14462:Succeeded by 14443:Succeeded by 14416:Succeeded by 14389:Succeeded by 14356:Benjamin Disraeli 14327:Benjamin Disraeli 14324:Succeeded by 14310:Benjamin Disraeli 14297:Succeeded by 14270:Succeeded by 14256:Benjamin Disraeli 14243:Succeeded by 14210:The Earl of Ripon 14197:Succeeded by 14170:Succeeded by 14138:Succeeded by 14100:Succeeded by 13995:Succeeded by 13984:Sir Robert Inglis 13969:Oxford University 13961:Sir Robert Inglis 13943:Lord John Manners 13940:Succeeded by 13934:Lord John Manners 13760:Project Gutenberg 13724:Review of Reviews 13568:Lord Kilbracken, 13473:(1997) pp 293–313 13469:Matthew, H. C. G 13464:Victorian Studies 13329:Schreuder, D. M. 13081:Bebbington, D.W. 13064:Barker, Michael. 13057:Aldous, Richard. 12968:Shannon, Richard. 12778:(Dec 1996) v. 26 12754:William Gladstone 12738:Bebbington, D.W. 12735: 12734: 12604:McGonagall Online 12573:Notes and Queries 11831:on 29 March 2017. 11728:(Subscription or 11543:Quinault, p. 374. 11202:(Subscription or 10736:. 24 March 1892. 10493:Jenkins, 487–494. 10483:on 16 March 2015. 9829:, p. 112, n. 177. 9777:978-1-78630-374-5 9402:Quinault, p. 376. 9353:on 9 August 2020. 9250:-405 – via 8672:(Subscription or 8505:978-1-85285-471-3 8117:Checkland, p. 94. 8079:Magnus 1954, p. 1 7662:Joseph Schumpeter 6972:Gladstone, Oregon 6947:Dollis Hill House 6787:St John's Gardens 6623:Margaret Thatcher 6492:Spencer Lyttelton 6267:Church of England 6239:Westminster Abbey 6227:Westminster Abbey 5947:On 23 October at 5930:Franz von Lenbach 5881:Herbert Gladstone 5611:Théobald Chartran 5543:Geoffrey Alderman 5495:Bulgarian Horrors 5450:John Henry Newman 5383:Benjamin Disraeli 5376:Franz von Lenbach 5189:Second Reform Act 5121:Church of Ireland 5084:Church of Ireland 4724:Lord John Russell 4699:Maynooth Seminary 4668:Railways Act 1844 4596:Duke of Newcastle 4542:Duke of Newcastle 4415:. His biographer 4393:Thomas Gladstones 4289:Church of Ireland 4147: 4146: 3990:Geolibertarianism 3965:Constitutionalism 3920:Anti-collectivism 3825:National variants 3675:Friedman (Milton) 3510:Political parties 3423:Workers' councils 3418:Voluntary society 3403:Stateless society 3393:Spontaneous order 3258:Freedom of speech 3233:Freedom of choice 3133:Counter-economics 3128:Cognitive liberty 3047: 3046: 2886:Bias in the media 2402:Regional variants 1719:Natural and legal 1370: 1369: 1300:Liberal socialism 1165:Liberal Democrats 949:English Civil War 904:Freedom of speech 740: 739: 563:Westminster Abbey 426:Benjamin Disraeli 393:Benjamin Disraeli 383:Benjamin Disraeli 251:Benjamin Disraeli 241:Benjamin Disraeli 201:Benjamin Disraeli 75:Gladstone in 1892 16:(Redirected from 20639: 20617:UK MPs 1892–1895 20612:UK MPs 1886–1892 20607:UK MPs 1885–1886 20602:UK MPs 1880–1885 20597:UK MPs 1874–1880 20592:UK MPs 1868–1874 20587:UK MPs 1865–1868 20582:UK MPs 1859–1865 20577:UK MPs 1857–1859 20572:UK MPs 1852–1857 20567:UK MPs 1847–1852 20562:UK MPs 1841–1847 20557:UK MPs 1837–1841 20552:UK MPs 1835–1837 20547:UK MPs 1832–1835 20487:Lords Privy Seal 20467:Gladstone family 20353: 20352: 20181:Prime ministers 20106: 20099: 20092: 20083: 20082: 20067: 20066: 20055: 20054: 19963:Denise Lievesley 19849:Bernard Benjamin 19837:Arthur Cockfield 19819:L. H. C. Tippett 19747:The Lord Woolton 19693:Sir Josiah Stamp 19570:The Lord Avebury 19558:Leonard Courtney 19510:Rawson W. Rawson 19462:William Newmarch 19328: 19321: 19314: 19305: 19304: 19255: 19195:House of Commons 19165:The Earl Russell 19136: 19129: 19122: 19113: 19112: 18691:Pitt the Younger 18681:Pitt the Younger 18575: 18568: 18561: 18552: 18551: 18506:Sir George Clerk 18434:Charles Bathurst 18398:Sir George Yonge 18374:1st Earl Cadogan 18339:House of Hanover 18311:Charles Duncombe 18297:Charles Duncombe 18219:Thomas Aylesbury 18201:Randal Cranfield 18097:(June 1483–1485) 18081:William Hastings 17992: 17985: 17978: 17969: 17968: 17960: 17433:Vesey-Fitzgerald 17245: 17238: 17231: 17222: 17221: 16612:of Great Britain 16329: 16322: 16315: 16306: 16305: 15841:Pethick-Lawrence 15597:House of Commons 15582: 15575: 15568: 15559: 15558: 15548: 15544: 15543: 15528: 15521: 15514: 15507: 15500: 15493: 15486: 15479: 15472: 15465: 15458: 15451: 15444: 15437: 15430: 15423: 15416: 15409: 15402: 15395: 15388: 15381: 15374: 15367: 15360: 15353: 15346: 15339: 15332: 15325: 15318: 15311: 15304: 15297: 15290: 15283: 15276: 15269: 15262: 15255: 15248: 15241: 15234: 15227: 15220: 15213: 15206: 15199: 15192: 15185: 15178: 15171: 15164: 15157: 15150: 15143: 15136: 15129: 15122: 15115: 15108: 15101: 15094: 15092:Pitt the Younger 15087: 15080: 15078:Pitt the Younger 15060: 15058:Pitt the Younger 15053: 15046: 15039: 15032: 15025: 15018: 15011: 15004: 14997: 14990: 14983: 14976: 14969: 14962: 14955: 14953:Walpole (Orford) 14924: 14917: 14910: 14901: 14900: 14888: 14887: 14852:Preceded by 14816:Preceded by 14811:Honorary titles 14784:Preceded by 14728:Preceded by 14701:Preceded by 14670:Preceded by 14642:The Earl Russell 14639:Preceded by 14610:The Earl Cadogan 14607:Preceded by 14580:Preceded by 14553:Preceded by 14546:The Earl Cadogan 14526:Preceded by 14499:Preceded by 14472:Preceded by 14426:Preceded by 14399:Preceded by 14372:Preceded by 14353:Preceded by 14334:Preceded by 14307:Preceded by 14280:Preceded by 14273:Sir George Lewis 14253:Preceded by 14229:The Lord Stanley 14226:Preceded by 14207:Preceded by 14180:Preceded by 14153:Preceded by 14117:Earl of Dalkeith 14114:Preceded by 14059:Preceded by 14043:Algernon Egerton 14028:South Lancashire 14012:Algernon Egerton 14009:Preceded by 13954:Preceded by 13894:Preceded by 13884: 13883: 13872: 13871: 13863: 13862: 13861: 13851: 13850: 13849: 13839: 13838: 13827: 13826: 13825: 13815: 13814: 13803: 13802: 13801: 13794: 13785: 13784: 13769:Internet Archive 13741: 13682: 13677: 13611: 13609: 13607: 13591: 13589: 13587: 13534:Gladstone, W.E. 13181:Guedalla, Philip 13047: 13045: 13043: 12949: 12947: 12945: 12926: 12924: 12922: 12888: 12885:Internet Archive 12840:Matthew, H.C.G. 12726:, March 20, 1997 12720: 12719: 12700: 12699: 12688: 12687: 12660: 12659: 12639: 12633: 12626: 12620: 12619: 12617: 12615: 12595: 12589: 12588: 12568: 12562: 12561: 12548:The Secret Agent 12543: 12537: 12536: 12531: 12529: 12509: 12503: 12502: 12500: 12498: 12484: 12478: 12477: 12475: 12473: 12458: 12452: 12451: 12449: 12447: 12433: 12427: 12426: 12424: 12422: 12402: 12396: 12395: 12393: 12391: 12376: 12370: 12369: 12367: 12365: 12350: 12344: 12343: 12321: 12315: 12314: 12312: 12310: 12290: 12284: 12283: 12271: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12260: 12245: 12239: 12238: 12236: 12234: 12219: 12213: 12212: 12210: 12208: 12193: 12187: 12186: 12184: 12182: 12163: 12157: 12156: 12154: 12152: 12133: 12127: 12126: 12124: 12122: 12102: 12096: 12095: 12093: 12091: 12080: 12074: 12073: 12071: 12069: 12049: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12038: 12022:Historic England 12018: 12012: 12011: 12009: 12007: 11992: 11986: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11966: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11940: 11934: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11908: 11902: 11887: 11881: 11880: 11864: 11854: 11848: 11847: 11839: 11833: 11832: 11827:. Archived from 11820: 11814: 11813: 11808:. Archived from 11801: 11795: 11794: 11786: 11780: 11779: 11771: 11762: 11755: 11749: 11748: 11740: 11734: 11733: 11725: 11723: 11721: 11716:on 30 April 2013 11715: 11710:. Archived from 11687: 11681: 11680: 11674: 11672: 11652: 11646: 11645: 11643: 11641: 11622: 11616: 11615: 11595: 11589: 11588: 11580: 11574: 11571: 11565: 11562: 11556: 11550: 11544: 11541: 11535: 11534: 11532: 11530: 11511: 11505: 11504: 11496: 11490: 11489: 11461: 11455: 11452: 11446: 11445: 11425: 11419: 11418: 11398: 11392: 11391: 11363: 11357: 11354: 11348: 11347: 11339: 11333: 11332: 11324: 11318: 11317: 11281: 11275: 11274: 11266: 11260: 11259: 11257: 11255: 11240: 11234: 11227: 11221: 11214: 11208: 11207: 11199: 11197: 11195: 11189: 11184:. Archived from 11161: 11155: 11148: 11142: 11135: 11129: 11123: 11117: 11110: 11104: 11097: 11091: 11084: 11078: 11077: 11069: 11063: 11062: 11054: 11048: 11045: 11039: 11036: 11030: 11027: 11021: 11020: 11018: 11016: 10988: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10955: 10949: 10948: 10940: 10934: 10931: 10925: 10918: 10912: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10894: 10888: 10887: 10879: 10873: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10838:"The Unemployed" 10834: 10828: 10827: 10807: 10801: 10798: 10792: 10791: 10783: 10774: 10773: 10765: 10759: 10756: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10745: 10724: 10718: 10712: 10706: 10703: 10697: 10694: 10688: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10666: 10657: 10656: 10648: 10642: 10641: 10640:on 13 June 2020. 10621: 10615: 10612: 10606: 10605: 10585: 10579: 10578: 10576: 10574: 10546: 10540: 10533: 10527: 10526: 10510: 10500: 10494: 10491: 10485: 10484: 10479:. Archived from 10469: 10463: 10462: 10446: 10436: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10425: 10397: 10391: 10390: 10367: 10361: 10360: 10352: 10346: 10345: 10344:on 8 March 2021. 10340:. Archived from 10309: 10303: 10300: 10294: 10287: 10281: 10274: 10268: 10267: 10259: 10253: 10248:Paul Knaplund's 10246: 10240: 10239: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10223:. pp. 6–20. 10214: 10208: 10207: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10184: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10159: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10124: 10118: 10117: 10115: 10113: 10099: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10069: 10063: 10062: 10054: 10048: 10047: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10020: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10009: 9995: 9989: 9988: 9980: 9974: 9973: 9971: 9969: 9950: 9944: 9943: 9941: 9939: 9925: 9919: 9918: 9910: 9904: 9903: 9902:on 12 June 2021. 9898:. Archived from 9875: 9869: 9862: 9856: 9849: 9843: 9836: 9830: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9808: 9802: 9796: 9790: 9789: 9755: 9749: 9743: 9734: 9728: 9722: 9721: 9714:Shannon, Richard 9710: 9704: 9703: 9695: 9689: 9682: 9676: 9669: 9663: 9656: 9650: 9649:Jenkins, p. 290. 9647: 9641: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9587: 9581: 9571: 9565: 9564: 9544: 9538: 9537: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9502: 9496: 9495: 9467: 9461: 9460: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9440:Handcock, W. D. 9437: 9431: 9425: 9419: 9412: 9403: 9400: 9394: 9388: 9382: 9376: 9367: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9349:. Archived from 9318: 9312: 9311: 9303: 9297: 9290: 9284: 9277: 9271: 9270: 9262: 9256: 9255: 9252:Internet Archive 9245: 9228: 9222: 9219: 9213: 9212: 9204: 9198: 9197: 9189: 9183: 9177: 9171: 9168: 9162: 9159: 9153: 9152: 9151:on 9 March 2021. 9147:. Archived from 9116: 9110: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9089:Shannon, Richard 9085: 9079: 9076: 9070: 9067: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9036: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9010: 9004: 9003: 9002:on 12 June 2020. 9001: 8995:. Archived from 8978: 8969: 8963: 8962: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8920: 8914: 8912: 8911:on 23 June 2020. 8907:. Archived from 8873: 8867: 8866: 8858: 8852: 8849: 8843: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8821: 8815: 8808: 8799: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8781: 8775: 8774: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8739: 8733: 8726: 8720: 8719: 8711: 8705: 8702: 8696: 8693: 8687: 8684: 8678: 8677: 8669: 8653: 8646: 8640: 8637: 8631: 8630: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8607: 8601: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8528: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8489: 8483: 8482: 8475: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8464: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8397: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8386: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8319: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8280: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8241: 8235: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8202: 8196: 8195: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8157: 8151: 8148: 8142: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8124: 8118: 8115: 8109: 8108: 8100: 8094: 8091: 8080: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8047: 8036: 8035: 8023: 8012: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7820: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7742: 7726: 7690: 7684: 7658: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7602: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7482: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7362:Sex and Violence 7340:Ralph Richardson 7247:Henry Labouchère 7227: 7211: 7196: 7180: 7161: 6917:John Adams-Acton 6913:Earl of Aberdeen 6779:white phosphorus 6759:St. Marys Church 6755:Albert Bruce-Joy 6591:introduced his " 6583: 6433:, inherited the 6410:George Lyttelton 6402:Catherine Glynne 6381: 6378: 6269:, having been a 6197:George Wilkinson 6050:William Harcourt 5906:Liberal Unionist 5552:Jewish Chronicle 5424:Cardinal Manning 5389:Anti-Catholicism 5274:Cardwell Reforms 5155: 5102:" Whigs, led by 5092:South Lancashire 5074:Electoral reform 4992:Michel Chevalier 4954:of over 32,000. 4866:Charles Greville 4672:regulatory state 4585:House of Commons 4513:House of Commons 4495:, where he read 4420:the election of 4321:Fall of Khartoum 4317:Third Reform Act 4264:(1859–1865) and 4234:House of Commons 4195: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4160: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4109: 4108: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4055:Small government 3715:Friedman (David) 3490:Internal debates 3168:Economic freedom 3143:Decentralization 3138:Crypto-anarchism 3113:Artistic freedom 3083:Academic freedom 3049: 3048: 3039: 3032: 3025: 3009: 3008: 2997: 2996: 2915:Economic freedom 2908:Radical centrism 1746:Secular humanism 1672:Natural monopoly 1623:Internationalism 1440:Internationalist 1395: 1372: 1371: 1362: 1355: 1348: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1320: 1319: 1233:The Sunday Times 884:Environmentalism 874:Economic freedom 769: 759: 742: 741: 732: 633: 631: 627: 617:Catherine Glynne 544: 519:29 December 1809 518: 516: 504:Personal details 483: 471: 454: 433: 423: 411: 402: 390: 380: 372:The Earl Russell 364: 355: 343: 331: 321: 312: 298: 286: 276: 267: 248: 238: 221: 209: 197: 180: 168: 158: 141: 127: 115: 96: 73: 63: 43: 42: 21: 20647: 20646: 20642: 20641: 20640: 20638: 20637: 20636: 20372: 20371: 20370: 20365: 20364: 20359: 20336: 20246: 20190:Sir Robert Peel 20133: 20129:Edwardian era → 20115: 20110: 20080: 20075: 20043: 19967: 19891:Sir Claus Moser 19879:Stella Cunliffe 19801:Maurice Kendall 19777:The Lord Piercy 19711:The Lord Kennet 19705:Major Greenwood 19699:The Lord Meston 19687:A. William Flux 19669:The Lord Emmott 19574: 19540:The Lord Farrer 19372:Viscount Sandon 19341: 19332: 19302: 19297: 19257:(Acting Leader) 19233: 19189: 19145: 19140: 19110: 19105: 18584: 18579: 18549: 18544: 18533: 18410:2nd Baron Arden 18341: 18333: 18260: 18258:House of Stuart 18252: 18239: 18231: 18180: 18178:House of Stuart 18172: 18108: 18100: 18052: 18039: 18014: 18006: 17996: 17966: 17961: 17952: 17663:Cunliffe-Lister 17653:Cunliffe-Lister 17254: 17249: 17219: 17214: 17201: 17092:Heathcoat-Amory 16809: 16802: 16606: 16338: 16333: 16303: 16298: 16069:Derby (Stanley) 15995: 15591: 15586: 15556: 15551: 15539: 15531: 15524: 15517: 15510: 15503: 15496: 15489: 15482: 15475: 15468: 15461: 15454: 15447: 15440: 15433: 15426: 15419: 15412: 15405: 15398: 15391: 15384: 15377: 15370: 15363: 15356: 15349: 15342: 15335: 15328: 15321: 15314: 15307: 15300: 15293: 15286: 15279: 15272: 15265: 15258: 15251: 15244: 15237: 15230: 15223: 15216: 15209: 15202: 15195: 15188: 15181: 15174: 15167: 15160: 15153: 15146: 15139: 15132: 15125: 15118: 15111: 15104: 15097: 15090: 15083: 15076: 15063: 15056: 15049: 15042: 15035: 15028: 15021: 15014: 15007: 15000: 14993: 14986: 14979: 14972: 14965: 14958: 14951: 14938: 14928: 14893: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14866: 14857: 14842: 14838: 14829: 14821: 14806: 14797: 14789: 14779: 14770: 14761:New institution 14750: 14741: 14733: 14723: 14714: 14706: 14696: 14687: 14679: 14675: 14665: 14661: 14652: 14644: 14629: 14620: 14617:Lord Privy Seal 14612: 14602: 14593: 14585: 14575: 14566: 14558: 14548: 14539: 14536:Lord Privy Seal 14531: 14521: 14512: 14504: 14494: 14485: 14477: 14467: 14458: 14448: 14439: 14431: 14421: 14412: 14404: 14394: 14385: 14377: 14366: 14358: 14347: 14339: 14329: 14320: 14312: 14302: 14293: 14285: 14275: 14266: 14258: 14248: 14239: 14231: 14220: 14212: 14202: 14193: 14185: 14175: 14173:Sir George Grey 14166: 14158: 14143: 14128: 14119: 14109: 14105: 14092: 14085: 14077: 14068: 14064: 14045: 14039: 14031: 14022: 14018: 14014: 14004: 14000: 13987: 13980: 13972: 13963: 13959: 13957:Thomas Estcourt 13949: 13945: 13932: 13927: 13920: 13912: 13903: 13899: 13877: 13869: 13859: 13857: 13847: 13845: 13833: 13823: 13821: 13809: 13799: 13797: 13789: 13782: 13715:Wayback Machine 13668: 13665: 13660: 13628:Wayback Machine 13605: 13603: 13585: 13583: 13531: 13529:Primary sources 13523:Wayback Machine 13510:St. John, Ian. 13507: 13498:Wayback Machine 13485:Wayback Machine 13458:Wayback Machine 13433:Wayback Machine 13417: 13349:Wayback Machine 13282:Wayback Machine 13230:online edition. 13187:(2 vols, 1933) 13176:Wayback Machine 13129:Wayback Machine 13095:Biagini, E.F. 13071:Beales, Derek. 13054: 13052:Special studies 13041: 13039: 13032: 12943: 12941: 12920: 12918: 12857:Wayback Machine 12850:online complete 12836:Wayback Machine 12799:(2007), 256 pp. 12787:Wayback Machine 12771:(1975). 272 pp. 12717: 12697: 12691:External videos 12674: 12668: 12666:Further reading 12663: 12656: 12640: 12636: 12627: 12623: 12613: 12611: 12596: 12592: 12569: 12565: 12558: 12544: 12540: 12527: 12525: 12510: 12506: 12496: 12494: 12486: 12485: 12481: 12471: 12469: 12459: 12455: 12445: 12443: 12435: 12434: 12430: 12420: 12418: 12403: 12399: 12389: 12387: 12378: 12377: 12373: 12363: 12361: 12352: 12351: 12347: 12340: 12332:. p. 224. 12322: 12318: 12308: 12306: 12291: 12287: 12272: 12268: 12258: 12256: 12246: 12242: 12232: 12230: 12221: 12220: 12216: 12206: 12204: 12195: 12194: 12190: 12180: 12178: 12165: 12164: 12160: 12150: 12148: 12135: 12134: 12130: 12120: 12118: 12103: 12099: 12089: 12087: 12082: 12081: 12077: 12067: 12065: 12050: 12046: 12036: 12034: 12019: 12015: 12005: 12003: 11994: 11993: 11989: 11979: 11977: 11968: 11967: 11963: 11953: 11951: 11942: 11941: 11937: 11933:, p. 300, n. §. 11928: 11924: 11909: 11905: 11888: 11884: 11877: 11855: 11851: 11840: 11836: 11821: 11817: 11812:on 4 July 2010. 11802: 11798: 11787: 11783: 11772: 11765: 11757:Lord Rosebery, 11756: 11752: 11741: 11737: 11727: 11719: 11717: 11688: 11684: 11670: 11668: 11661:Financial Times 11653: 11649: 11639: 11637: 11624: 11623: 11619: 11612: 11596: 11592: 11581: 11577: 11572: 11568: 11563: 11559: 11551: 11547: 11542: 11538: 11528: 11526: 11513: 11512: 11508: 11497: 11493: 11462: 11458: 11453: 11449: 11426: 11422: 11399: 11395: 11364: 11360: 11355: 11351: 11340: 11336: 11325: 11321: 11282: 11278: 11267: 11263: 11253: 11251: 11242: 11241: 11237: 11228: 11224: 11220:, p. 382, n. ‡. 11215: 11211: 11201: 11193: 11191: 11162: 11158: 11149: 11145: 11136: 11132: 11124: 11120: 11111: 11107: 11098: 11094: 11085: 11081: 11070: 11066: 11055: 11051: 11046: 11042: 11037: 11033: 11028: 11024: 11014: 11012: 11005: 10989: 10985: 10975: 10973: 10956: 10952: 10941: 10937: 10933:Magnus, p. 423. 10932: 10928: 10919: 10915: 10910: 10906: 10895: 10891: 10880: 10876: 10867: 10863: 10853: 10851: 10836: 10835: 10831: 10824: 10808: 10804: 10799: 10795: 10784: 10777: 10766: 10762: 10758:Barker, p. 198. 10757: 10753: 10743: 10741: 10726: 10725: 10721: 10713: 10709: 10704: 10700: 10695: 10691: 10682: 10678: 10667: 10660: 10649: 10645: 10622: 10618: 10613: 10609: 10604:on 15 May 2019. 10586: 10582: 10572: 10570: 10563: 10547: 10543: 10534: 10530: 10523: 10501: 10497: 10492: 10488: 10471: 10470: 10466: 10459: 10437: 10433: 10423: 10421: 10414: 10398: 10394: 10368: 10364: 10353: 10349: 10330:10.2307/2596293 10310: 10306: 10301: 10297: 10288: 10284: 10275: 10271: 10260: 10256: 10247: 10243: 10232: 10228: 10215: 10211: 10200: 10196: 10185: 10181: 10171: 10169: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10144: 10125: 10121: 10111: 10109: 10100: 10096: 10086: 10084: 10071: 10070: 10066: 10055: 10051: 10036: 10032: 10021: 10017: 10007: 10005: 9996: 9992: 9981: 9977: 9967: 9965: 9958:New York Herald 9952: 9951: 9947: 9937: 9935: 9926: 9922: 9911: 9907: 9876: 9872: 9863: 9859: 9850: 9846: 9837: 9833: 9824: 9820: 9809: 9805: 9797: 9793: 9778: 9756: 9752: 9744: 9737: 9729: 9725: 9711: 9707: 9696: 9692: 9683: 9679: 9670: 9666: 9657: 9653: 9648: 9644: 9634: 9632: 9623: 9622: 9618: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9596:. p. 580. 9588: 9584: 9572: 9568: 9545: 9541: 9530: 9526: 9503: 9499: 9484:10.2307/3678794 9468: 9464: 9453: 9449: 9438: 9434: 9426: 9422: 9413: 9406: 9401: 9397: 9389: 9385: 9377: 9370: 9362: 9358: 9319: 9315: 9308:Lord Palmerston 9304: 9300: 9291: 9287: 9278: 9274: 9263: 9259: 9229: 9225: 9220: 9216: 9205: 9201: 9190: 9186: 9178: 9174: 9169: 9165: 9161:Buxton, p. 195. 9160: 9156: 9117: 9113: 9104: 9100: 9086: 9082: 9078:Buxton, p. 187. 9077: 9073: 9069:Buxton, p. 185. 9068: 9064: 9054: 9052: 9037: 9033: 9023: 9021: 9011: 9007: 8999: 8976: 8970: 8966: 8955: 8951: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8921: 8917: 8897:10.2307/2598643 8877:Anderson, Olive 8874: 8870: 8859: 8855: 8851:Buxton, p. 109. 8850: 8846: 8837: 8833: 8822: 8818: 8809: 8802: 8797: 8793: 8782: 8778: 8767: 8763: 8740: 8736: 8727: 8723: 8712: 8708: 8704:Magnus, p. 471. 8703: 8699: 8694: 8690: 8686:Magnus, p. 475. 8685: 8681: 8671: 8648: 8647: 8643: 8638: 8634: 8623: 8619: 8608: 8604: 8595: 8591: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8545: 8529: 8525: 8515: 8513: 8506: 8490: 8486: 8477: 8476: 8472: 8462: 8460: 8453: 8437: 8433: 8423: 8421: 8414: 8398: 8394: 8384: 8382: 8375: 8359: 8355: 8345: 8343: 8336: 8320: 8316: 8306: 8304: 8297: 8281: 8277: 8267: 8265: 8258: 8242: 8238: 8228: 8226: 8219: 8203: 8199: 8176: 8172: 8159: 8158: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8140: 8136: 8125: 8121: 8116: 8112: 8101: 8097: 8092: 8083: 8078: 8074: 8067: 8051:Mosley, Charles 8048: 8039: 8013: 8004: 7994: 7992: 7985: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7953: 7946: 7930: 7926: 7916: 7914: 7907: 7891: 7887: 7877: 7875: 7868: 7852: 7848: 7838: 7836: 7821: 7817: 7807: 7805: 7798: 7782: 7778: 7768: 7766: 7759: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7730: 7729: 7715:. and 6,000,000 7691: 7687: 7659: 7655: 7650: 7638: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7584: 7582: 7565: 7563: 7546: 7544: 7527: 7525: 7508: 7506: 7465: 7463: 7452: 7389:Michael Hordern 7368:Willoughby Gray 7267: 7242: 7235: 7228: 7219: 7212: 7203: 7197: 7188: 7181: 7172: 7170:Australia House 7162: 7153: 7033:Newark-on-Trent 6927: 6863:in the town of 6729: 6698:British Library 6683:British Library 6672: 6667: 6648: 6634:A. J. P. Taylor 6611:Friedrich Hayek 6593:People's Budget 6549: 6535:(from whom the 6500: 6453:Helen Gladstone 6379: 6369: 6301: 6285:Sir Robert Peel 6259: 6174:Cardinal Newman 6151:Queen's Jubilee 6147:Hawarden Castle 6099: 6002: 5990:Main articles: 5988: 5976:Herbert Spencer 5965:autobiographica 5941:Eugenio Biagini 5922: 5898:Lord Privy Seal 5886:Charles Parnell 5865: 5857:Main articles: 5855: 5839: 5815:1884 Reform Act 5800: 5768: 5762: 5722:Battle of Sedan 5718:A. J. P. Taylor 5697:, starting the 5655: 5649: 5625:Lord Hartington 5613:, published in 5600: 5592:Main articles: 5590: 5503: 5497: 5483:Lord Kilbracken 5479: 5433:New York Herald 5413:'s dogmatising 5397: 5391: 5381:In the wake of 5368: 5329:Court of Appeal 5290:Trade Union Act 5173: 5153: 5151: 5139:Main articles: 5137: 5116: 5076: 5067:Jefferson Davis 5055: 5033:George Holyoake 4960: 4952:owned a library 4897: 4838:. The Whig Sir 4812: 4740:Lord Palmerston 4719: 4657: 4645:First Opium War 4621: 4592: 4587: 4362: 4262:Lord Palmerston 4166: 4162: 4152: 4143: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4081: 4079: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4069: 3908: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3876:Aristotelianism 3859: 3851: 3850: 3826: 3818: 3817: 3758: 3750: 3749: 3535: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3515:Theories of law 3443: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3373:Self-governance 3353:Refusal of work 3118:Civil liberties 3098:Anti-capitalism 3071: 3043: 3003: 2991: 2984: 2983: 2866: 2858: 2857: 2660:North Macedonia 2404: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2382:Liberal parties 2320: 2312: 2311: 2102: 2094: 2093: 1824: 1814: 1813: 1798: 1788: 1787: 1783:State of nature 1771:Social services 1761:Social contract 1724:To own property 1527: 1519: 1518: 1403: 1366: 1328: 1326: 1314: 1307: 1306: 1251: 1243: 1242: 1228:The Independent 1218:Financial Times 1208: 1200: 1199: 1155: 1147: 1146: 982: 974: 973: 944: 936: 935: 854: 846: 845: 777: 757: 755: 720: 677: 635: 623: 619: 606: 581: 580:Other political 569:Political party 548:Hawarden Castle 546: 542: 520: 514: 512: 481: 469: 455: 450: 431: 421: 409: 403: 398: 388: 378: 370: 362: 356: 351: 341: 329: 319: 313: 308: 296: 284: 274: 268: 263: 246: 236: 222: 217: 207: 195: 181: 176: 166: 156: 142: 137: 125: 113: 97: 92: 76: 64: 55: 53: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 18:W. E. Gladstone 15: 12: 11: 5: 20645: 20635: 20634: 20629: 20624: 20619: 20614: 20609: 20604: 20599: 20594: 20589: 20584: 20579: 20574: 20569: 20564: 20559: 20554: 20549: 20544: 20539: 20534: 20529: 20524: 20519: 20514: 20509: 20504: 20499: 20494: 20489: 20484: 20479: 20474: 20469: 20464: 20459: 20454: 20449: 20444: 20439: 20434: 20429: 20424: 20419: 20414: 20409: 20404: 20399: 20394: 20389: 20384: 20367: 20366: 20361: 20360: 20358: 20357: 20347: 20341: 20338: 20337: 20335: 20334: 20333: 20332: 20327: 20326: 20325: 20315: 20310: 20305: 20300: 20295: 20290: 20285: 20280: 20270: 20265: 20260: 20254: 20252: 20248: 20247: 20245: 20244: 20239: 20237:Queen Victoria 20234: 20233: 20232: 20227: 20222: 20217: 20212: 20207: 20202: 20197: 20192: 20187: 20179: 20174: 20173: 20172: 20167: 20162: 20154: 20152:British empire 20149: 20143: 20141: 20135: 20134: 20132: 20131: 20126: 20124:← Georgian era 20120: 20117: 20116: 20109: 20108: 20101: 20094: 20086: 20077: 20076: 20074: 20073: 20061: 20048: 20045: 20044: 20042: 20041: 20035: 20029: 20023: 20021:John Pullinger 20017: 20011: 20010:by David Hand) 20000: 19994: 19988: 19982: 19975: 19973: 19969: 19968: 19966: 19965: 19959: 19953: 19947: 19941: 19939:T. M. F. Smith 19935: 19933:Peter G. Moore 19929: 19923: 19917: 19911: 19905: 19903:Peter Armitage 19899: 19893: 19887: 19881: 19875: 19869: 19863: 19857: 19851: 19845: 19843:R. G. D. Allen 19839: 19833: 19827: 19825:M. S. Bartlett 19821: 19815: 19809: 19803: 19797: 19791: 19785: 19779: 19773: 19767: 19761: 19755: 19749: 19743: 19737: 19731: 19725: 19719: 19713: 19707: 19701: 19695: 19689: 19683: 19677: 19671: 19665: 19659: 19657:Herbert Samuel 19653: 19647:Bernard Mallet 19643: 19637: 19635:The Lord Welby 19631: 19625: 19619: 19613: 19607: 19605:Richard Martin 19601: 19595: 19589: 19582: 19580: 19576: 19575: 19573: 19572: 19566: 19560: 19554: 19548: 19542: 19536: 19530: 19524: 19518: 19516:George Goschen 19512: 19506: 19500: 19494: 19492:Thomas Brassey 19488: 19482: 19476: 19470: 19464: 19458: 19452: 19446: 19440: 19434: 19428: 19422: 19416: 19410: 19404: 19398: 19392: 19386: 19380: 19374: 19368: 19362: 19356: 19349: 19347: 19343: 19342: 19331: 19330: 19323: 19316: 19308: 19299: 19298: 19296: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19278:Clement Davies 19275: 19270: 19265: 19260: 19250: 19244: 19242: 19239:Overall Leader 19235: 19234: 19232: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19200: 19198: 19191: 19190: 19188: 19187: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19167: 19162: 19156: 19154: 19151:House of Lords 19147: 19146: 19139: 19138: 19131: 19124: 19116: 19107: 19106: 19104: 19103: 19098: 19093: 19088: 19083: 19078: 19073: 19068: 19063: 19058: 19053: 19048: 19043: 19038: 19033: 19028: 19023: 19018: 19013: 19008: 19003: 18998: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18978: 18976:St John-Stevas 18973: 18968: 18963: 18958: 18953: 18948: 18943: 18938: 18933: 18928: 18923: 18918: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18886:N. Chamberlain 18883: 18878: 18873: 18868: 18863: 18858: 18853: 18851:A. Chamberlain 18848: 18843: 18838: 18833: 18828: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18803: 18798: 18793: 18788: 18783: 18778: 18773: 18768: 18763: 18758: 18753: 18748: 18743: 18738: 18733: 18728: 18723: 18718: 18713: 18708: 18703: 18698: 18693: 18688: 18683: 18678: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18630:Pitt the Elder 18627: 18620: 18618:Pitt the Elder 18615: 18610: 18605: 18600: 18595: 18589: 18586: 18585: 18578: 18577: 18570: 18563: 18555: 18546: 18545: 18538: 18535: 18534: 18532: 18531: 18528: 18522: 18515: 18509: 18503: 18497: 18491: 18485: 18479: 18473: 18467: 18464:George Tierney 18461: 18455: 18449: 18443: 18437: 18431: 18425: 18419: 18413: 18407: 18401: 18395: 18389: 18383: 18377: 18371: 18365: 18359: 18353: 18345: 18343: 18335: 18334: 18332: 18331: 18324: 18318: 18304: 18293:John Buckworth 18289: 18286:Henry Slingsby 18283: 18280:Henry Slingsby 18272: 18264: 18262: 18254: 18253: 18251: 18250: 18243: 18241: 18233: 18232: 18230: 18229: 18222: 18211: 18204: 18197: 18191: 18184: 18182: 18174: 18173: 18171: 18170: 18164: 18158: 18155:Thomas Stanley 18151: 18148:Thomas Egerton 18145: 18139: 18132: 18125: 18119: 18116: 18112: 18110: 18106:House of Tudor 18102: 18101: 18099: 18098: 18091: 18084: 18078: 18075: 18072: 18069: 18066: 18063: 18060: 18056: 18054: 18041: 18040: 18038: 18037: 18034: 18031: 18028: 18025: 18022: 18018: 18016: 18008: 18007: 17995: 17994: 17987: 17980: 17972: 17963: 17962: 17955: 17953: 17951: 17950: 17945: 17940: 17935: 17930: 17925: 17920: 17915: 17910: 17905: 17900: 17895: 17890: 17885: 17880: 17875: 17870: 17865: 17860: 17855: 17850: 17845: 17840: 17835: 17830: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17785: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17740: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17720: 17715: 17710: 17705: 17700: 17695: 17690: 17685: 17680: 17675: 17670: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17645: 17640: 17635: 17630: 17625: 17620: 17615: 17610: 17605: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17445: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17425: 17420: 17415: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17350: 17345: 17340: 17335: 17330: 17325: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17295: 17290: 17285: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17265: 17259: 17256: 17255: 17248: 17247: 17240: 17233: 17225: 17216: 17215: 17206: 17203: 17202: 17200: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17094: 17089: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17049: 17044: 17042:N. Chamberlain 17039: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17022:N. Chamberlain 17019: 17014: 17009: 17007:A. Chamberlain 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16982:A. Chamberlain 16979: 16974: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16914: 16909: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16874: 16869: 16864: 16859: 16852: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16814: 16812: 16810:United Kingdom 16804: 16803: 16801: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16733: 16728: 16723: 16718: 16713: 16706: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16684: 16679: 16674: 16669: 16662: 16657: 16652: 16647: 16642: 16637: 16632: 16627: 16622: 16616: 16614: 16608: 16607: 16605: 16604: 16599: 16594: 16589: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16539: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16514: 16509: 16504: 16499: 16494: 16489: 16484: 16479: 16474: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16389: 16384: 16379: 16374: 16369: 16364: 16359: 16354: 16348: 16346: 16340: 16339: 16332: 16331: 16324: 16317: 16309: 16300: 16299: 16297: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16216: 16211: 16206: 16201: 16196: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16005: 16003: 16001:House of Lords 15997: 15996: 15994: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15745: 15740: 15735: 15730: 15725: 15720: 15715: 15710: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15601: 15599: 15593: 15592: 15585: 15584: 15577: 15570: 15562: 15553: 15552: 15550: 15549: 15536: 15533: 15532: 15530: 15529: 15522: 15515: 15508: 15501: 15494: 15487: 15480: 15473: 15466: 15459: 15452: 15445: 15438: 15431: 15424: 15417: 15410: 15403: 15396: 15389: 15382: 15375: 15368: 15361: 15354: 15347: 15340: 15333: 15326: 15319: 15312: 15305: 15298: 15291: 15284: 15277: 15270: 15263: 15256: 15249: 15242: 15235: 15228: 15221: 15214: 15207: 15200: 15193: 15186: 15179: 15172: 15165: 15158: 15151: 15144: 15137: 15130: 15123: 15116: 15109: 15102: 15099:Lord Grenville 15095: 15088: 15081: 15073: 15071: 15069:United Kingdom 15065: 15064: 15062: 15061: 15054: 15047: 15040: 15033: 15026: 15019: 15012: 15005: 14998: 14991: 14984: 14977: 14970: 14963: 14956: 14948: 14946: 14940: 14939: 14927: 14926: 14919: 14912: 14904: 14898: 14895: 14894: 14882: 14881: 14877: 14876: 14871: 14868: 14858: 14853: 14849: 14848: 14844: 14843: 14834: 14831: 14822: 14817: 14813: 14812: 14808: 14807: 14802: 14799: 14790: 14785: 14781: 14780: 14777:Thomas Carlyle 14775: 14772: 14763: 14757: 14756: 14752: 14751: 14746: 14743: 14734: 14729: 14725: 14724: 14719: 14716: 14707: 14702: 14698: 14697: 14692: 14689: 14680: 14671: 14667: 14666: 14657: 14654: 14645: 14640: 14636: 14635: 14631: 14630: 14625: 14622: 14613: 14608: 14604: 14603: 14598: 14595: 14586: 14583:Arthur Balfour 14581: 14577: 14576: 14571: 14568: 14559: 14554: 14550: 14549: 14544: 14541: 14532: 14527: 14523: 14522: 14517: 14514: 14505: 14500: 14496: 14495: 14490: 14487: 14478: 14473: 14469: 14468: 14463: 14460: 14450: 14449: 14444: 14441: 14432: 14427: 14423: 14422: 14417: 14414: 14405: 14400: 14396: 14395: 14390: 14387: 14378: 14373: 14369: 14368: 14359: 14354: 14350: 14349: 14340: 14335: 14331: 14330: 14325: 14322: 14313: 14308: 14304: 14303: 14298: 14295: 14286: 14283:Sir John Young 14281: 14277: 14276: 14271: 14268: 14259: 14254: 14250: 14249: 14244: 14241: 14232: 14227: 14223: 14222: 14213: 14208: 14204: 14203: 14198: 14195: 14186: 14181: 14177: 14176: 14171: 14168: 14159: 14154: 14150: 14149: 14145: 14144: 14139: 14136: 14120: 14115: 14111: 14110: 14101: 14098: 14089:David Salomons 14069: 14066:David Salomons 14060: 14056: 14055: 14050: 14047:Charles Turner 14023: 14020:Charles Turner 14010: 14006: 14005: 14002:Gathorne Hardy 13996: 13993: 13964: 13955: 13951: 13950: 13941: 13938: 13904: 13895: 13891: 13890: 13882: 13879: 13878: 13868: 13867: 13865:United Kingdom 13855: 13853:Libertarianism 13843: 13831: 13819: 13807: 13787: 13786: 13771: 13762: 13753: 13748: 13742: 13728: 13705: 13699: 13688: 13683: 13664: 13663:External links 13661: 13659: 13658: 13648: 13638: 13631: 13613: 13593: 13573: 13566: 13556: 13549: 13539: 13530: 13527: 13526: 13525: 13506: 13505:Historiography 13503: 13502: 13501: 13487: 13474: 13467: 13460: 13443: 13436: 13416: 13413: 13412: 13411: 13400: 13393: 13382: 13372: 13365: 13358: 13351: 13334: 13327: 13317: 13310: 13303: 13296: 13285: 13267: 13257: 13250: 13239: 13234:Jenkins, T.A. 13232: 13220: 13205: 13198: 13191: 13189:online edition 13178: 13161: 13150: 13143: 13142: 13141: 13114: 13107: 13100: 13093: 13086: 13079: 13069: 13062: 13053: 13050: 13049: 13048: 13031:978-1412965804 13030: 13006:Hamowy, Ronald 12997: 12965: 12963:978-0859553179 12951: 12928: 12908: 12903:Partridge, M. 12901: 12871: 12870: 12869: 12838: 12821: 12813:Magnus, Philip 12810: 12800: 12793: 12776:History Review 12772: 12765: 12750: 12743: 12733: 12732: 12713: 12712: 12693: 12692: 12680:Caricature by 12673: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12661: 12655:978-1317928607 12654: 12634: 12632:(2 vol. 2001). 12621: 12590: 12563: 12557:978-0141194394 12556: 12538: 12518:Liverpool Echo 12504: 12479: 12463:"Dulwich Hill" 12453: 12428: 12411:Liverpool Echo 12397: 12371: 12345: 12339:978-0814318386 12338: 12316: 12285: 12266: 12240: 12227:cottontown.org 12214: 12188: 12158: 12128: 12105:Nisbet, Gary. 12097: 12075: 12044: 12013: 11987: 11961: 11935: 11922: 11903: 11889:Dick Leonard, 11882: 11876:978-0415216265 11875: 11849: 11834: 11815: 11796: 11781: 11763: 11750: 11735: 11682: 11647: 11617: 11611:978-0595910786 11610: 11590: 11575: 11566: 11557: 11545: 11536: 11506: 11491: 11456: 11447: 11420: 11409:(4): 760–782. 11393: 11358: 11349: 11334: 11319: 11292:(2): 327–340. 11276: 11261: 11250:on 10 May 2010 11235: 11222: 11209: 11156: 11143: 11130: 11118: 11105: 11092: 11079: 11064: 11049: 11040: 11031: 11022: 11004:978-0191584275 11003: 10983: 10970:MeasuringWorth 10950: 10935: 10926: 10913: 10904: 10889: 10874: 10861: 10829: 10822: 10802: 10793: 10775: 10760: 10751: 10719: 10707: 10698: 10696:Barker, p. 93. 10689: 10676: 10658: 10655:. p. 553. 10643: 10616: 10607: 10580: 10562:978-1134510559 10561: 10541: 10528: 10522:978-1134606382 10521: 10495: 10486: 10464: 10458:978-0313312816 10457: 10431: 10413:978-0313293665 10412: 10392: 10381:(4): 471–488. 10362: 10347: 10304: 10295: 10282: 10269: 10254: 10241: 10226: 10209: 10194: 10179: 10154: 10133:History Review 10119: 10094: 10064: 10049: 10030: 10015: 9990: 9975: 9945: 9920: 9917:. p. 248. 9905: 9890:(4): 593–605. 9870: 9857: 9844: 9842:, pp. 113–114. 9831: 9818: 9803: 9791: 9776: 9750: 9735: 9723: 9705: 9690: 9677: 9664: 9651: 9642: 9616: 9602: 9582: 9566: 9555:(4): 379–394. 9539: 9524: 9513:(318): 38–55. 9497: 9462: 9459:. p. 182. 9447: 9444:. p. 168. 9432: 9420: 9404: 9395: 9383: 9368: 9356: 9333:(2): 347–364. 9313: 9298: 9285: 9283:, pp. 140–141. 9272: 9257: 9223: 9214: 9199: 9184: 9172: 9163: 9154: 9111: 9098: 9080: 9071: 9062: 9031: 9005: 8987:(3): 182–194. 8964: 8949: 8936:978-0199249961 8935: 8915: 8891:(2): 314–327. 8868: 8853: 8844: 8831: 8816: 8800: 8791: 8776: 8761: 8750:(3): 615–643. 8734: 8721: 8706: 8697: 8688: 8679: 8641: 8632: 8617: 8602: 8589: 8578:(3): 313–331. 8562: 8544:978-0802801524 8543: 8523: 8504: 8484: 8470: 8452:978-0807861363 8451: 8431: 8413:978-1402252051 8412: 8392: 8374:978-1402201493 8373: 8353: 8335:978-1409479840 8334: 8314: 8296:978-1409483274 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(2003). 8037: 8026:Chisholm, Hugh 8002: 7984:978-1107572966 7983: 7963: 7945:978-1780760599 7944: 7924: 7906:978-0393065701 7905: 7885: 7867:978-1136116445 7866: 7846: 7815: 7797:978-0521657013 7796: 7776: 7758:978-1111837174 7757: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7685: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7637: 7634: 7633: 7632: 7619:978-0871695147 7618: 7603: 7592: 7572: 7553: 7534: 7515: 7496: 7472: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7434: 7422: 7410: 7398: 7386: 7377: 7365: 7352:Graham Chapman 7349: 7337: 7328: 7319:Stephen Murray 7316: 7304: 7286: 7266: 7263: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7220: 7213: 7206: 7204: 7198: 7191: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7173: 7163: 7156: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7147: 7140: 7137: 7130: 7119: 7106:, a suburb of 7100: 7037:Waterford City 6997: 6991: 6969: 6962: 6939:Gladstone Park 6926: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6905: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6857: 6846: 6827: 6812: 6805: 6790: 6783: 6738: 6737: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6713: 6705: 6686: 6679: 6676:Lambeth Palace 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6647: 6644: 6548: 6545: 6523:George Freeman 6508:Mary Gladstone 6499: 6496: 6488:House of Lords 6476: 6475: 6465: 6459: 6450: 6447:Mary Gladstone 6444: 6438: 6427: 6424: 6384:William Cubley 6368: 6365: 6300: 6297: 6258: 6255: 6098: 6095: 6071:Queen Victoria 6029:Howard Vincent 5987: 5984: 5937:strike of 1889 5921: 5918: 5902:Home Rule Bill 5894:Lord Salisbury 5854: 5851: 5843:General Gordon 5838: 5835: 5830:Tory Democracy 5799: 5796: 5764:Main article: 5761: 5758: 5680:First Boer War 5668:colonial lobby 5651:Main article: 5648: 5647:Foreign policy 5645: 5589: 5586: 5541:The historian 5511:Ottoman Empire 5496: 5493: 5478: 5475: 5420:Spanish Armada 5390: 5387: 5367: 5364: 5282:Irish Land Act 5205:constituencies 5136: 5133: 5115: 5112: 5075: 5072: 5054: 5051: 4987:Richard Cobden 4959: 4956: 4896: 4893: 4888: 4887: 4811: 4808: 4781:House of Mercy 4718: 4715: 4695:Maynooth Grant 4680:railway bubble 4656: 4653: 4620: 4617: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4519:and denounced 4481:Seaforth House 4460:following the 4422:George Canning 4374:John Gladstone 4361: 4358: 4341:House of Lords 4301:Ottoman Empire 4219:constituencies 4145: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4134: 4127: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4113: 4101: 4089: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3935:Anti-socialism 3932: 3927: 3925:Anti-communism 3922: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3907:Related topics 3906: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3841:United Kingdom 3838: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3408:Tax resistance 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3388:Social ecology 3385: 3380: 3378:Self-ownership 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3213:Free migration 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3173:Egalitarianism 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3123:Class struggle 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3103:Antimilitarism 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3062:Libertarianism 3058: 3057: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3041: 3034: 3027: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3001: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2979:Utilitarianism 2976: 2971: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2952:Libertarianism 2949: 2947:Land value tax 2944: 2943: 2942: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2920:Egalitarianism 2917: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2900: 2899: 2898: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2876:Anti-communism 2873: 2867: 2865:Related topics 2864: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2831: 2821: 2819:Arizona School 2811: 2810: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2787:United Kingdom 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1914:Wollstonecraft 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1825: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1773: 1766:Social justice 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1699: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1667:Market economy 1664: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1642: 1635: 1630: 1628:Invisible hand 1625: 1620: 1618:Harm principle 1615: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1576: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1388: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1364: 1357: 1350: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1324: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1252: 1250:Related topics 1249: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1142:Wollstonecraft 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 983: 980: 979: 976: 975: 972: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 945: 942: 941: 938: 937: 934: 933: 928: 926:Social justice 923: 918: 913: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 855: 852: 851: 848: 847: 844: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 817: 816: 806: 805: 804: 799: 794: 789: 778: 775: 774: 771: 770: 762: 761: 751: 750: 738: 737: 734: 733: 726: 722: 721: 719: 718: 713: 708: 703: 697: 695: 691: 690: 685: 679: 678: 676: 675: 672: 666: 664: 660: 659: 641: 637: 636: 621: 615: 614: 612: 608: 607: 605: 604: 598: 592: 585: 583: 577: 576: 570: 566: 565: 560: 556: 555: 545:(aged 88) 539: 535: 534: 510: 506: 505: 501: 500: 497: 496: 490: 489: 484: 478: 477: 475:Sir John Young 472: 466: 465: 462: 458: 457: 447: 446: 440: 439: 434: 428: 427: 424: 418: 417: 412: 410:Prime Minister 406: 405: 395: 394: 391: 385: 384: 381: 375: 374: 365: 363:Prime Minister 359: 358: 348: 347: 344: 338: 337: 332: 326: 325: 322: 320:Prime Minister 316: 315: 305: 304: 299: 293: 292: 287: 281: 280: 277: 275:Prime Minister 271: 270: 260: 259: 253: 252: 249: 243: 242: 239: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 214: 213: 210: 204: 203: 198: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 173: 172: 169: 163: 162: 159: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 134: 133: 128: 122: 121: 116: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 89: 88: 82: 81: 78: 77: 74: 66: 65: 54: 51: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20644: 20633: 20630: 20628: 20625: 20623: 20620: 20618: 20615: 20613: 20610: 20608: 20605: 20603: 20600: 20598: 20595: 20593: 20590: 20588: 20585: 20583: 20580: 20578: 20575: 20573: 20570: 20568: 20565: 20563: 20560: 20558: 20555: 20553: 20550: 20548: 20545: 20543: 20540: 20538: 20535: 20533: 20530: 20528: 20525: 20523: 20520: 20518: 20515: 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20490: 20488: 20485: 20483: 20480: 20478: 20475: 20473: 20470: 20468: 20465: 20463: 20460: 20458: 20455: 20453: 20450: 20448: 20445: 20443: 20440: 20438: 20435: 20433: 20430: 20428: 20425: 20423: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20403: 20400: 20398: 20395: 20393: 20390: 20388: 20385: 20383: 20382:Victorian era 20380: 20379: 20377: 20356: 20348: 20346: 20343: 20342: 20339: 20331: 20328: 20324: 20321: 20320: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20311: 20309: 20306: 20304: 20301: 20299: 20296: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20284: 20281: 20279: 20276: 20275: 20274: 20271: 20269: 20266: 20264: 20261: 20259: 20256: 20255: 20253: 20249: 20243: 20240: 20238: 20235: 20231: 20228: 20226: 20223: 20221: 20218: 20216: 20213: 20211: 20208: 20206: 20203: 20201: 20198: 20196: 20193: 20191: 20188: 20186: 20183: 20182: 20180: 20178: 20177:Pax Britannia 20175: 20171: 20168: 20166: 20163: 20161: 20158: 20157: 20155: 20153: 20150: 20148: 20145: 20144: 20142: 20140: 20136: 20130: 20127: 20125: 20122: 20121: 20118: 20114: 20113:Victorian era 20107: 20102: 20100: 20095: 20093: 20088: 20087: 20084: 20072: 20071: 20062: 20060: 20059: 20050: 20049: 20046: 20040: 20039:Deborah Ashby 20036: 20034: 20030: 20028: 20024: 20022: 20018: 20016: 20015:Valerie Isham 20012: 20009: 20005: 20001: 19999: 19995: 19993: 19989: 19987: 19983: 19981: 19977: 19976: 19974: 19970: 19964: 19960: 19958: 19954: 19952: 19948: 19946: 19942: 19940: 19936: 19934: 19930: 19928: 19924: 19922: 19918: 19916: 19912: 19910: 19909:Walter Bodmer 19906: 19904: 19900: 19898: 19894: 19892: 19888: 19886: 19882: 19880: 19876: 19874: 19873:Henry Daniels 19870: 19868: 19864: 19862: 19861:Harold Wilson 19858: 19856: 19852: 19850: 19846: 19844: 19840: 19838: 19834: 19832: 19828: 19826: 19822: 19820: 19816: 19814: 19810: 19808: 19804: 19802: 19798: 19796: 19792: 19790: 19789:Harry Campion 19786: 19784: 19780: 19778: 19774: 19772: 19771:Ronald Fisher 19768: 19766: 19762: 19760: 19756: 19754: 19750: 19748: 19744: 19742: 19738: 19736: 19732: 19730: 19726: 19724: 19720: 19718: 19714: 19712: 19708: 19706: 19702: 19700: 19696: 19694: 19690: 19688: 19684: 19682: 19678: 19676: 19672: 19670: 19666: 19664: 19660: 19658: 19654: 19652: 19648: 19644: 19642: 19638: 19636: 19632: 19630: 19626: 19624: 19620: 19618: 19614: 19612: 19608: 19606: 19602: 19600: 19596: 19594: 19590: 19588: 19584: 19583: 19581: 19577: 19571: 19567: 19565: 19561: 19559: 19555: 19553: 19549: 19547: 19543: 19541: 19537: 19535: 19534:Charles Booth 19531: 19529: 19525: 19523: 19519: 19517: 19513: 19511: 19507: 19505: 19504:Robert Giffen 19501: 19499: 19495: 19493: 19489: 19487: 19483: 19481: 19480:James Heywood 19477: 19475: 19471: 19469: 19465: 19463: 19459: 19457: 19453: 19451: 19447: 19445: 19441: 19439: 19435: 19433: 19429: 19427: 19423: 19421: 19417: 19415: 19411: 19409: 19405: 19403: 19399: 19397: 19393: 19391: 19387: 19385: 19381: 19379: 19375: 19373: 19369: 19367: 19363: 19361: 19357: 19355: 19351: 19350: 19348: 19344: 19340: 19336: 19329: 19324: 19322: 19317: 19315: 19310: 19309: 19306: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19288:Jeremy Thorpe 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19261: 19258: 19254: 19251: 19249: 19248:H. H. Asquith 19246: 19245: 19243: 19240: 19236: 19230: 19229:H. H. Asquith 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19201: 19199: 19196: 19192: 19186: 19183: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19166: 19163: 19161: 19158: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19148: 19144: 19137: 19132: 19130: 19125: 19123: 19118: 19117: 19114: 19102: 19099: 19097: 19094: 19092: 19089: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19067: 19064: 19062: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19027: 19024: 19022: 19019: 19017: 19014: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18987: 18984: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18972: 18969: 18967: 18964: 18962: 18959: 18957: 18954: 18952: 18949: 18947: 18944: 18942: 18939: 18937: 18934: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18924: 18922: 18919: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18897: 18894: 18892: 18889: 18887: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18862: 18859: 18857: 18854: 18852: 18849: 18847: 18844: 18842: 18839: 18837: 18834: 18832: 18829: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18807: 18804: 18802: 18799: 18797: 18794: 18792: 18789: 18787: 18784: 18782: 18779: 18777: 18774: 18772: 18769: 18767: 18764: 18762: 18759: 18757: 18754: 18752: 18749: 18747: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18737: 18734: 18732: 18729: 18727: 18724: 18722: 18719: 18717: 18714: 18712: 18709: 18707: 18704: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18689: 18687: 18684: 18682: 18679: 18676: 18672: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18625: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18590: 18587: 18583: 18576: 18571: 18569: 18564: 18562: 18557: 18556: 18553: 18542: 18536: 18529: 18526: 18525:Thomas Graham 18523: 18520: 18519:John Herschel 18516: 18513: 18510: 18507: 18504: 18501: 18498: 18495: 18492: 18489: 18486: 18483: 18480: 18477: 18474: 18471: 18468: 18465: 18462: 18459: 18456: 18453: 18450: 18447: 18444: 18441: 18438: 18435: 18432: 18429: 18426: 18423: 18420: 18417: 18414: 18411: 18408: 18405: 18402: 18399: 18396: 18393: 18390: 18387: 18384: 18381: 18378: 18375: 18372: 18369: 18366: 18363: 18360: 18357: 18356:John Conduitt 18354: 18351: 18347: 18346: 18344: 18340: 18336: 18329: 18325: 18322: 18319: 18316: 18312: 18308: 18305: 18302: 18298: 18294: 18290: 18287: 18284: 18281: 18277: 18276:Ralph Freeman 18273: 18270: 18269:Ralph Freeman 18266: 18265: 18263: 18259: 18255: 18248: 18247:Aaron Guerdon 18245: 18244: 18242: 18238: 18234: 18227: 18226:Robert Harley 18223: 18220: 18216: 18215:Ralph Freeman 18212: 18209: 18208:Robert Harley 18205: 18202: 18198: 18195: 18192: 18189: 18186: 18185: 18183: 18179: 18175: 18168: 18165: 18162: 18159: 18156: 18152: 18149: 18146: 18143: 18142:Sir John York 18140: 18137: 18133: 18130: 18126: 18123: 18120: 18117: 18114: 18113: 18111: 18107: 18103: 18096: 18092: 18089: 18085: 18082: 18079: 18076: 18073: 18070: 18067: 18064: 18061: 18058: 18057: 18055: 18051: 18047: 18042: 18035: 18032: 18029: 18026: 18023: 18020: 18019: 18017: 18013: 18009: 18004: 18000: 17993: 17988: 17986: 17981: 17979: 17974: 17973: 17970: 17959: 17949: 17946: 17944: 17941: 17939: 17936: 17934: 17931: 17929: 17926: 17924: 17921: 17919: 17916: 17914: 17911: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17899: 17896: 17894: 17891: 17889: 17886: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17859: 17856: 17854: 17851: 17849: 17846: 17844: 17841: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17741: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17691: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17644: 17641: 17639: 17636: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17539: 17536: 17534: 17531: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17446: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17296: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17264: 17261: 17260: 17257: 17253: 17246: 17241: 17239: 17234: 17232: 17227: 17226: 17223: 17213: 17209: 17204: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16857: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16835: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16815: 16813: 16811: 16805: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16783: 16779: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16712: 16711: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16689: 16685: 16683: 16680: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16667: 16663: 16661: 16658: 16656: 16653: 16651: 16648: 16646: 16643: 16641: 16638: 16636: 16633: 16631: 16628: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16617: 16615: 16613: 16609: 16603: 16600: 16598: 16595: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16498: 16495: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16483: 16480: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16380: 16378: 16375: 16373: 16370: 16368: 16365: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16349: 16347: 16345: 16341: 16337: 16330: 16325: 16323: 16318: 16316: 16311: 16310: 16307: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16262: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 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15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15739: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15706: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15670: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15602: 15600: 15598: 15594: 15590: 15583: 15578: 15576: 15571: 15569: 15564: 15563: 15560: 15547: 15538: 15537: 15534: 15527: 15523: 15520: 15516: 15513: 15509: 15506: 15502: 15499: 15495: 15492: 15488: 15485: 15481: 15478: 15474: 15471: 15467: 15464: 15460: 15457: 15453: 15450: 15446: 15443: 15439: 15436: 15432: 15429: 15425: 15422: 15418: 15415: 15411: 15408: 15404: 15401: 15397: 15394: 15390: 15387: 15383: 15380: 15376: 15373: 15369: 15366: 15362: 15359: 15355: 15352: 15348: 15345: 15341: 15338: 15334: 15331: 15327: 15324: 15320: 15317: 15313: 15310: 15306: 15303: 15299: 15296: 15292: 15289: 15285: 15282: 15278: 15275: 15271: 15268: 15264: 15261: 15257: 15254: 15250: 15247: 15243: 15240: 15236: 15233: 15229: 15226: 15222: 15219: 15215: 15212: 15208: 15205: 15201: 15198: 15194: 15191: 15187: 15184: 15180: 15177: 15173: 15170: 15166: 15163: 15159: 15156: 15152: 15149: 15145: 15142: 15138: 15135: 15131: 15128: 15124: 15121: 15117: 15114: 15110: 15107: 15103: 15100: 15096: 15093: 15089: 15086: 15082: 15079: 15075: 15074: 15072: 15070: 15066: 15059: 15055: 15052: 15048: 15045: 15041: 15038: 15034: 15031: 15027: 15024: 15020: 15017: 15013: 15010: 15006: 15003: 14999: 14996: 14992: 14989: 14985: 14982: 14978: 14975: 14971: 14968: 14964: 14961: 14957: 14954: 14950: 14949: 14947: 14945: 14944:Great Britain 14941: 14936: 14932: 14925: 14920: 14918: 14913: 14911: 14906: 14905: 14902: 14896: 14889: 14874: 14865: 14864: 14856: 14850: 14845: 14841: 14837: 14828: 14827: 14820: 14819:The Earl Grey 14814: 14809: 14805: 14796: 14795: 14788: 14782: 14778: 14769: 14768: 14762: 14758: 14753: 14749: 14740: 14739: 14732: 14726: 14722: 14713: 14712: 14705: 14699: 14695: 14686: 14685: 14678: 14674: 14668: 14664: 14660: 14651: 14650: 14643: 14637: 14632: 14628: 14619: 14618: 14611: 14605: 14601: 14592: 14591: 14584: 14578: 14574: 14565: 14564: 14557: 14551: 14547: 14538: 14537: 14530: 14524: 14520: 14511: 14510: 14503: 14497: 14493: 14484: 14483: 14476: 14470: 14466: 14457: 14456: 14451: 14447: 14446:Hugh Childers 14438: 14437: 14430: 14424: 14420: 14411: 14410: 14403: 14397: 14393: 14384: 14383: 14376: 14370: 14365: 14364: 14357: 14351: 14346: 14345: 14338: 14332: 14328: 14319: 14318: 14311: 14305: 14301: 14292: 14291: 14284: 14278: 14274: 14265: 14264: 14257: 14251: 14247: 14246:The Earl Grey 14238: 14237: 14230: 14224: 14219: 14218: 14211: 14205: 14201: 14192: 14191: 14184: 14178: 14174: 14165: 14164: 14157: 14151: 14146: 14142: 14135: 14131: 14127: 14126: 14118: 14112: 14108: 14104: 14097: 14095: 14090: 14084: 14080: 14076: 14075: 14067: 14063: 14057: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14048: 14044: 14038: 14034: 14030: 14029: 14021: 14017: 14013: 14007: 14003: 13999: 13992: 13990: 13985: 13979: 13975: 13971: 13970: 13962: 13958: 13952: 13948: 13944: 13937: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13919: 13915: 13911: 13910: 13902: 13898: 13892: 13889: 13885: 13880: 13873: 13866: 13856: 13854: 13844: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13830: 13820: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13806: 13796: 13795: 13792: 13779: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13746: 13743: 13740: 13736: 13732: 13729: 13726: 13725: 13720: 13716: 13712: 13709: 13708:Mr. Gladstone 13706: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13694: 13693: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13681: 13675: 13671: 13667: 13666: 13657: 13653: 13649: 13647: 13643: 13639: 13636: 13632: 13629: 13625: 13622: 13618: 13614: 13601: 13600: 13594: 13581: 13580: 13579:One Look Back 13574: 13571: 13567: 13565: 13561: 13557: 13554: 13550: 13548: 13544: 13540: 13537: 13533: 13532: 13524: 13520: 13517: 13513: 13509: 13508: 13499: 13495: 13492: 13488: 13486: 13482: 13479: 13475: 13472: 13468: 13465: 13461: 13459: 13455: 13452: 13448: 13444: 13441: 13437: 13434: 13430: 13427: 13423: 13419: 13418: 13409: 13405: 13401: 13398: 13394: 13391: 13387: 13383: 13381: 13377: 13373: 13370: 13366: 13363: 13359: 13356: 13352: 13350: 13346: 13343: 13339: 13335: 13332: 13328: 13326: 13322: 13318: 13315: 13311: 13308: 13304: 13301: 13298:Parry, J. P. 13297: 13294: 13290: 13286: 13283: 13279: 13276: 13272: 13268: 13266: 13262: 13259:Loughlin, J. 13258: 13255: 13251: 13248: 13244: 13240: 13237: 13233: 13231: 13227: 13224: 13223:Hammond, J.L. 13221: 13218: 13214: 13210: 13206: 13203: 13200:Hirst, F.W. 13199: 13196: 13192: 13190: 13186: 13182: 13179: 13177: 13173: 13170: 13166: 13162: 13159: 13155: 13151: 13148: 13144: 13140: 13136: 13133: 13132: 13130: 13126: 13123: 13119: 13115: 13112: 13108: 13105: 13101: 13098: 13094: 13091: 13087: 13084: 13080: 13078: 13074: 13070: 13067: 13063: 13060: 13056: 13055: 13037: 13033: 13027: 13023: 13019: 13015: 13011: 13007: 13003: 12998: 12996: 12992: 12988: 12984: 12980: 12976: 12972: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12960: 12956: 12952: 12939: 12938: 12933: 12929: 12916: 12915: 12909: 12906: 12902: 12899: 12895: 12891: 12886: 12882: 12881: 12876: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12860: 12859: 12858: 12854: 12851: 12847: 12843: 12839: 12837: 12833: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12819: 12818: 12814: 12811: 12808: 12804: 12801: 12798: 12794: 12792: 12788: 12784: 12781: 12777: 12773: 12770: 12766: 12763: 12759: 12755: 12752:Brand, Eric. 12751: 12748: 12744: 12741: 12737: 12736: 12731: 12727: 12725: 12714: 12711: 12707: 12705: 12694: 12689: 12683: 12678: 12657: 12651: 12647: 12646: 12638: 12631: 12625: 12609: 12605: 12601: 12594: 12586: 12582: 12579:(1): 95–100. 12578: 12574: 12567: 12559: 12553: 12549: 12542: 12535: 12523: 12519: 12515: 12508: 12493: 12489: 12483: 12468: 12464: 12457: 12442: 12438: 12432: 12416: 12412: 12408: 12401: 12385: 12381: 12375: 12359: 12355: 12349: 12341: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12320: 12304: 12300: 12296: 12289: 12281: 12277: 12270: 12255: 12251: 12244: 12228: 12224: 12218: 12202: 12198: 12192: 12176: 12172: 12168: 12162: 12146: 12142: 12138: 12132: 12116: 12112: 12108: 12101: 12085: 12079: 12064: 12063: 12058: 12054: 12048: 12033: 12032: 12027: 12023: 12017: 12001: 11997: 11991: 11975: 11971: 11965: 11949: 11945: 11939: 11932: 11926: 11918: 11914: 11913:History Today 11907: 11900: 11896: 11892: 11886: 11878: 11872: 11868: 11863: 11862: 11853: 11845: 11838: 11830: 11826: 11819: 11811: 11807: 11800: 11792: 11785: 11777: 11770: 11768: 11760: 11754: 11746: 11739: 11731: 11714: 11709: 11705: 11701: 11700: 11695: 11694: 11686: 11679: 11666: 11662: 11658: 11651: 11635: 11631: 11627: 11621: 11613: 11607: 11603: 11602: 11594: 11586: 11579: 11570: 11561: 11554: 11549: 11540: 11524: 11520: 11516: 11510: 11502: 11495: 11487: 11483: 11479: 11475: 11471: 11467: 11460: 11451: 11443: 11439: 11435: 11431: 11424: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11397: 11389: 11385: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11362: 11353: 11345: 11338: 11330: 11323: 11315: 11311: 11307: 11303: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11280: 11273:. p. 18. 11272: 11265: 11249: 11245: 11239: 11232: 11226: 11219: 11213: 11205: 11188: 11183: 11179: 11175: 11174: 11169: 11168: 11160: 11153: 11147: 11140: 11134: 11128: 11122: 11115: 11109: 11102: 11096: 11089: 11083: 11075: 11068: 11060: 11053: 11047:Howe, p. 114. 11044: 11035: 11026: 11010: 11006: 11000: 10996: 10995: 10987: 10972: 10971: 10966: 10960: 10954: 10946: 10939: 10930: 10923: 10917: 10908: 10900: 10893: 10885: 10878: 10871: 10865: 10849: 10845: 10844: 10839: 10833: 10825: 10823:9780435331603 10819: 10816:. Heinemann. 10815: 10814: 10806: 10800:Reid, p. 721. 10797: 10789: 10782: 10780: 10771: 10764: 10755: 10739: 10735: 10734: 10729: 10723: 10716: 10711: 10702: 10693: 10686: 10680: 10672: 10665: 10663: 10654: 10647: 10639: 10635: 10631: 10627: 10620: 10611: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10584: 10568: 10564: 10558: 10554: 10553: 10545: 10538: 10532: 10524: 10518: 10514: 10509: 10508: 10499: 10490: 10482: 10478: 10477:Royal Society 10474: 10468: 10460: 10454: 10450: 10445: 10444: 10435: 10419: 10415: 10409: 10405: 10404: 10396: 10388: 10384: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10366: 10358: 10351: 10343: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10327: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10308: 10299: 10292: 10286: 10279: 10273: 10265: 10258: 10251: 10245: 10237: 10230: 10222: 10221: 10213: 10205: 10198: 10190: 10183: 10167: 10166: 10158: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10130: 10123: 10107: 10106: 10098: 10082: 10078: 10074: 10068: 10060: 10053: 10045: 10041: 10034: 10026: 10019: 10003: 10002: 9994: 9986: 9979: 9963: 9959: 9955: 9949: 9933: 9932: 9924: 9916: 9909: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9874: 9867: 9861: 9854: 9848: 9841: 9835: 9828: 9822: 9814: 9807: 9800: 9795: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9773: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9742: 9740: 9732: 9727: 9719: 9715: 9709: 9701: 9694: 9687: 9681: 9674: 9668: 9661: 9655: 9646: 9630: 9626: 9620: 9605: 9599: 9595: 9594: 9586: 9579: 9575: 9570: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9550: 9543: 9535: 9528: 9520: 9516: 9512: 9508: 9501: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9466: 9458: 9451: 9443: 9436: 9429: 9424: 9417: 9411: 9409: 9399: 9392: 9387: 9380: 9375: 9373: 9365: 9360: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9317: 9309: 9302: 9295: 9289: 9282: 9276: 9268: 9261: 9253: 9249: 9244: 9243: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9218: 9210: 9203: 9195: 9188: 9182: 9176: 9170:Reid, p. 421. 9167: 9158: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9115: 9108: 9102: 9094: 9090: 9084: 9075: 9066: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9035: 9020: 9016: 9009: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8986: 8982: 8975: 8968: 8960: 8953: 8938: 8932: 8928: 8927: 8919: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8872: 8864: 8857: 8848: 8841: 8835: 8827: 8820: 8813: 8807: 8805: 8798:Reid, p. 410. 8795: 8787: 8780: 8772: 8765: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8738: 8731: 8725: 8717: 8710: 8701: 8692: 8683: 8675: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8658: 8652: 8645: 8636: 8628: 8621: 8613: 8606: 8599: 8593: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8566: 8550: 8546: 8540: 8536: 8535: 8527: 8511: 8507: 8501: 8497: 8496: 8488: 8480: 8474: 8458: 8454: 8448: 8444: 8443: 8435: 8419: 8415: 8409: 8405: 8404: 8396: 8380: 8376: 8370: 8366: 8365: 8357: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8327: 8326: 8318: 8302: 8298: 8292: 8288: 8287: 8279: 8263: 8259: 8253: 8249: 8248: 8240: 8224: 8220: 8214: 8210: 8209: 8201: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8174: 8166: 8162: 8156: 8147: 8138: 8130: 8123: 8114: 8106: 8099: 8093:Shannon, 1985 8090: 8088: 8086: 8076: 8068: 8062: 8058: 8057: 8052: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8033: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8011: 8009: 8007: 7990: 7986: 7980: 7976: 7975: 7967: 7951: 7947: 7941: 7937: 7936: 7928: 7912: 7908: 7902: 7898: 7897: 7889: 7873: 7869: 7863: 7859: 7858: 7850: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7819: 7803: 7799: 7793: 7789: 7788: 7780: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7750: 7749: 7741: 7737: 7724: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7689: 7682: 7679: 7674: 7667: 7663: 7657: 7653: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7621: 7615: 7611: 7610: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7593: 7580: 7579: 7573: 7561: 7560: 7554: 7542: 7541: 7535: 7523: 7522: 7516: 7504: 7503: 7497: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7480: 7479: 7473: 7461: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7444: 7443: 7438: 7437:Denis Quilley 7435: 7432: 7431: 7426: 7425:Roland Culver 7423: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7413:John Phillips 7411: 7408: 7407: 7402: 7401:John Carlisle 7399: 7396: 7395: 7390: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7373:Young Winston 7369: 7366: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7296: 7295: 7291:in the films 7290: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7278: 7275: 7274: 7273: 7270: 7262: 7260: 7255: 7252: 7248: 7233: 7226: 7221: 7217: 7210: 7205: 7202: 7195: 7190: 7186: 7179: 7174: 7171: 7167: 7160: 7155: 7154: 7145: 7141: 7138: 7135: 7134:Gladstone bag 7131: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6995: 6992: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6963: 6960: 6956: 6955:Lord Aberdeen 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6884: 6880: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6844: 6840: 6839:George Square 6836: 6832: 6828: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6811:, Manchester. 6810: 6809:Albert Square 6806: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6751: 6747: 6742: 6735: 6731: 6730: 6721: 6717: 6716:Thomas Edison 6714: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6690: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6661: 6658: 6651: 6642: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6629: 6624: 6620: 6615: 6612: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6597:Lord Rosebery 6594: 6590: 6585: 6584:</ref> 6581: 6575: 6574:Lord Macaulay 6571: 6565: 6560: 6558: 6553: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6509: 6504: 6495: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6385: 6382:, painted by 6373: 6364: 6360: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6341: 6338: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6318: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6293: 6288: 6286: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6235:state funeral 6232: 6228: 6224: 6223:A. J. Balfour 6219: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6185: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6139: 6136: 6135:Francis Hirst 6132: 6128: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6103: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6076:Lord Rosebery 6072: 6066: 6063: 6057: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6032: 6030: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6015: 6006: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5977: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5950: 5945: 5942: 5938: 5931: 5926: 5917: 5915: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5882: 5878: 5877:Hawarden Kite 5869: 5864: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5809: 5808:Rupert Potter 5804: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5707:Hugh Childers 5704: 5700: 5696: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5599: 5595: 5584: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5561: 5559: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5544: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5502: 5491: 5486: 5484: 5470: 5466: 5464: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5442:cap and bells 5439: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5401: 5396: 5386: 5384: 5377: 5372: 5363: 5360: 5359:George Howell 5355: 5351: 5350: 5344: 5339: 5337: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5311: 5309: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5263: 5262: 5256: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5236:G. J. Goschen 5233: 5229: 5223: 5218: 5214: 5211: 5210:Evelyn Ashley 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5178: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5041: 5036: 5034: 5028: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5005: 4999: 4995: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4979: 4977: 4976:Liberal Party 4969: 4964: 4955: 4953: 4949: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4933: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4913: 4906: 4901: 4892: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4873: 4869: 4867: 4862: 4861:Colin Matthew 4857: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4828:Lord Aberdeen 4821: 4816: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4663:(1843–1845). 4662: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4629:British India 4626: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4609:Sadler report 4606: 4601: 4597: 4582: 4580: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4564:Lincoln's Inn 4560: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4489:matriculating 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4467: 4466:Prince Regent 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4378:William Ewart 4375: 4371: 4370:Rodney Street 4367: 4357: 4355: 4349: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4293:secret voting 4290: 4285: 4283: 4282:working-class 4279: 4275: 4274:protectionism 4271: 4267: 4263: 4260:(1852–1855), 4259: 4258:Lord Aberdeen 4255: 4254:Liberal Party 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4203:Liberal Party 4200: 4199: 4193: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3904: 3903: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3855: 3854: 3847: 3846:United States 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3439: 3438: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3283:Individualism 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3163:Direct action 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3028: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2989: 2988: 2987: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2935:Individualism 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2815: 2814:United States 2812: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2414:Latin America 2412: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2398: 2397: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2324: 2319:Organizations 2316: 2315: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1792: 1791: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1776:Welfare state 1774: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1640: 1639:Laissez-faire 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1523: 1522: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1363: 1358: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1343: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1325: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1310: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1213:The Economist 1211: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1170:Liberal Party 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 984: 978: 977: 970: 967: 965: 964:Victorian era 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 946: 940: 939: 932: 931:Welfare state 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 911: 910:Laissez-faire 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 856: 850: 849: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 815: 812: 811: 810: 807: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 784: 783: 780: 779: 773: 772: 768: 764: 763: 760: 753: 752: 748: 744: 743: 735: 731: 727: 723: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 698: 696: 692: 689: 686: 684: 680: 673: 671: 668: 667: 665: 661: 658: 654: 650: 646: 643:8; including 642: 638: 618: 613: 609: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 587: 586: 584: 578: 574: 571: 567: 564: 561: 559:Resting place 557: 553: 549: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:Rodney Street 511: 507: 502: 498: 495: 491: 488: 485: 479: 476: 473: 467: 463: 459: 453: 448: 445: 441: 438: 435: 429: 425: 419: 416: 413: 407: 401: 396: 392: 386: 382: 376: 373: 369: 366: 360: 354: 349: 345: 339: 336: 333: 327: 323: 317: 311: 306: 303: 302:Hugh Childers 300: 294: 291: 288: 282: 278: 272: 266: 261: 258: 254: 250: 244: 240: 234: 230: 226: 220: 215: 211: 205: 202: 199: 193: 189: 185: 179: 174: 170: 164: 160: 154: 150: 146: 140: 135: 132: 129: 123: 120: 117: 111: 108: 105: 101: 95: 90: 87: 83: 79: 72: 67: 62: 58: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 20345:Bibliography 20258:Demographics 20219: 20156:By location 20147:British Army 20068: 20056: 20027:Peter Diggle 20007: 19972:21st century 19951:Adrian Smith 19927:John Kingman 19921:James Durbin 19867:D. J. Finney 19783:Egon Pearson 19663:R. Henry Rew 19579:20th century 19564:Henry Fowler 19468:William Farr 19455: 19426:Lord Stanley 19346:19th century 19256: 19208: 18891:W. Churchill 18820: 18806:R. Churchill 18800: 18790: 18780: 18770: 18622: 18499: 18350:Isaac Newton 18328:Isaac Newton 18321:Thomas Neale 18307:Thomas Neale 18161:John Lonyson 18136:Martin Bowes 18129:Martin Bowes 17723:Thorneycroft 17608:Lloyd George 17472: 17363:Hillsborough 17353:Hillsborough 17343:Hillsborough 17207: 17087:Thorneycroft 17032:W. Churchill 16992:Lloyd George 16957:R. Churchill 16936: 16926: 16906: 16891: 16854: 16832: 16782:Ellenborough 16780: 16716:Bilson-Legge 16708: 16704:Bilson-Legge 16694:Bilson-Legge 16686: 16664: 16114:Beaconsfield 15951:Duncan Smith 15886:Douglas-Home 15737: 15727: 15712: 15702: 15428:Douglas-Home 15337:Lloyd George 15294: 15280: 15266: 15252: 15002:G. Grenville 14873:Joseph Mayer 14860: 14824: 14792: 14765: 14760: 14736: 14709: 14682: 14647: 14615: 14588: 14561: 14534: 14507: 14480: 14453: 14434: 14407: 14380: 14361: 14342: 14315: 14288: 14261: 14234: 14215: 14188: 14161: 14122: 14103:Thomas Boord 14094:Thomas Boord 14087: 14071: 14052: 14041: 14025: 14016:William Legh 13982: 13966: 13929:Thomas Wilde 13922: 13906: 13901:Thomas Wilde 13722: 13690: 13651: 13641: 13634: 13616: 13604:. Retrieved 13598: 13584:. Retrieved 13578: 13569: 13559: 13552: 13542: 13535: 13511: 13470: 13463: 13446: 13439: 13421: 13403: 13402:Vincent, J. 13396: 13395:Vincent, J. 13385: 13375: 13368: 13361: 13354: 13337: 13330: 13320: 13313: 13306: 13299: 13288: 13270: 13260: 13253: 13242: 13235: 13225: 13208: 13207:Isba, Anne. 13201: 13194: 13193:Hirst, F.W. 13184: 13164: 13153: 13146: 13134: 13117: 13110: 13103: 13096: 13089: 13082: 13072: 13065: 13058: 13040:. Retrieved 13009: 12995:vol 1 online 12982: 12970: 12954: 12942:. Retrieved 12936: 12919:. Retrieved 12913: 12904: 12879: 12875:Morley, John 12862: 12845: 12841: 12824: 12815: 12806: 12803:Jenkins, Roy 12796: 12775: 12768: 12753: 12746: 12739: 12723: 12703: 12644: 12637: 12629: 12624: 12612:. Retrieved 12603: 12593: 12576: 12572: 12566: 12547: 12541: 12533: 12526:. Retrieved 12517: 12507: 12495:. Retrieved 12491: 12482: 12470:. Retrieved 12466: 12456: 12444:. Retrieved 12440: 12431: 12419:. Retrieved 12410: 12400: 12388:. Retrieved 12374: 12362:. Retrieved 12348: 12325: 12319: 12307:. Retrieved 12298: 12288: 12279: 12269: 12257:. Retrieved 12253: 12243: 12231:. Retrieved 12226: 12217: 12205:. Retrieved 12191: 12179:. Retrieved 12170: 12161: 12149:. Retrieved 12140: 12131: 12119:. Retrieved 12110: 12100: 12088:. Retrieved 12078: 12066:. Retrieved 12060: 12047: 12035:. Retrieved 12029: 12016: 12004:. Retrieved 11990: 11978:. Retrieved 11964: 11952:. 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Retrieved 9930: 9923: 9914: 9908: 9900:the original 9887: 9883: 9873: 9865: 9860: 9852: 9847: 9839: 9834: 9826: 9821: 9812: 9806: 9798: 9794: 9759: 9753: 9745: 9730: 9726: 9717: 9708: 9699: 9693: 9685: 9680: 9672: 9667: 9659: 9654: 9645: 9633:. Retrieved 9628: 9619: 9607:. Retrieved 9592: 9585: 9569: 9552: 9548: 9542: 9533: 9527: 9510: 9506: 9500: 9475: 9471: 9465: 9456: 9450: 9441: 9435: 9427: 9423: 9415: 9398: 9390: 9386: 9378: 9364:The Observer 9363: 9359: 9351:the original 9330: 9326: 9316: 9307: 9301: 9293: 9288: 9280: 9275: 9266: 9260: 9241: 9226: 9217: 9208: 9202: 9193: 9187: 9180: 9175: 9166: 9157: 9149:the original 9131:(1): 67–98. 9128: 9124: 9114: 9106: 9101: 9092: 9083: 9074: 9065: 9053:. Retrieved 9044: 9034: 9022:. Retrieved 9018: 9008: 8997:the original 8984: 8980: 8967: 8958: 8952: 8940:. 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Giffard 16377:W. Giffard 16344:of England 16254:Carrington 16249:Shackleton 16244:Carrington 16094:Malmesbury 16044:Wellington 16034:Wellington 16024:Wellington 15836:Lees-Smith 15718:Hartington 15693:Palmerston 15225:Palmerston 15211:Palmerston 15162:Wellington 15141:Wellington 15037:Rockingham 15009:Rockingham 14981:Devonshire 14960:Wilmington 14830:1894–1898 14798:1877–1880 14771:1859–1865 14742:1880–1894 14715:1865–1875 14688:1880–1894 14653:1866–1875 14621:1892–1894 14594:1892–1894 14459:1880–1885 14440:1880–1882 14386:1873–1874 14348:1865–1866 14321:1859–1866 14267:1852–1855 14240:1845–1846 14221:1843–1845 14194:1841–1843 14125:Midlothian 14096:1873–1880 13991:1854–1865 13936:1841–1845 13841:Liberalism 13719:W.T. Stead 13606:13 October 13586:13 October 13217:1852854715 12991:0807824860 12979:0807815918 12944:13 October 12921:13 October 12898:volume III 12762:0877545286 12497:22 January 12472:22 January 12446:22 January 12421:4 February 12309:31 October 12207:30 January 12181:8 November 12151:26 January 12121:15 January 12090:23 January 11732:required.) 11678:festival". 11472:(2): 366. 11374:(2): 372. 11206:required.) 10475:. London: 10280:2: 298–307 9609:30 January 9603:0807815918 9047:. London. 9024:27 October 8676:required.) 7831:. 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552:Flintshire 531:Lancashire 515:1809-12-29 20323:Burlesque 20298:Jewellery 20278:Cosmetics 19897:David Cox 19675:Udny Yule 19086:Rees-Mogg 19071:Lidington 19001:MacGregor 18876:MacDonald 18866:MacDonald 18821:Gladstone 18801:Gladstone 18791:Gladstone 18786:Northcote 18781:Gladstone 18771:Gladstone 18721:Huskisson 18686:Addington 18665:Townshend 18645:Grenville 18635:Grenville 18046:Lancaster 17938:Trevelyan 17908:Mandelson 17878:Mandelson 17863:Heseltine 17828:Parkinson 17823:Cockfield 17718:Shawcross 17703:Lyttelton 17693:Llewellin 17683:Lyttelton 17613:Churchill 17603:Salisbury 17523:Northcote 17483:Clarendon 17478:Dalhousie 17473:Gladstone 17423:Huskisson 17413:Clancarty 17393:Liverpool 17373:Sackville 17368:Dartmouth 17348:Dartmouth 17338:Shelburne 17333:Townshend 17107:Callaghan 17082:Macmillan 17072:Gaitskell 16937:Gladstone 16932:Northcote 16927:Gladstone 16907:Gladstone 16892:Gladstone 16834:Tenterden 16771:Addington 16761:Cavendish 16751:Cavendish 16741:Townshend 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12894:volume II 12861:Matthew, 12797:Gladstone 12769:Gladstone 12747:Gladstone 12280:LancsLive 12259:15 August 12233:6 October 11929:Matthew, 11919:(11): 61. 11861:Gladstone 11720:28 August 11553:The Times 11486:159722399 11388:159722399 11314:159648512 11271:Gladstone 11233:, p. 383. 11229:Matthew, 11216:Matthew, 11154:, p. 382. 11150:Matthew, 11141:, p. 381. 11137:Matthew, 11116:, p. 588. 11112:Shannon, 11103:, p. 380. 11099:Matthew, 11090:, p. 379. 11086:Matthew, 10924:, p. 355. 10920:Matthew, 10872:, p. 322. 10868:Matthew, 10715:The Times 10687:, p. 424. 10683:Biagini, 10539:, p. 173. 10507:Gladstone 10278:Gladstone 10276:Shannon, 10087:11 August 10040:Historian 9868:, p. 118. 9864:Biagini, 9855:, p. 116. 9851:Biagini, 9838:Biagini, 9825:Biagini, 9799:The Times 9786:146750038 9746:The Times 9731:The Times 9688:, p. 170. 9684:Matthew, 9675:, p. 212. 9671:Matthew, 9662:, p. 147. 9658:Matthew, 9629:The Times 9478:: 43–63. 9428:The Times 9379:The Times 9296:, p. 142. 9292:Biagini, 9279:Biagini, 9109:, p. 113. 9105:Matthew, 8842:, p. 121. 8838:Matthew, 8814:, p. 127. 8810:Matthew, 8728:Matthew, 7442:Number 10 7232:Blackburn 7201:Edinburgh 7077:Vancouver 6925:Namesakes 6909:Blackburn 6820:Edinburgh 6694:microfilm 6657:Corn Laws 6576:).<ref 6337:The Times 6162:neuralgia 5949:Southport 5798:Franchise 5780:Cavendish 5438:hari-kari 5354:The Times 5201:Greenwich 5063:Newcastle 4728:Corn Laws 4568:barrister 4454:Cambridge 4434:Edinburgh 4366:Liverpool 4238:High Tory 4226:Liverpool 4198:GLAD-stən 3985:Fusionism 3886:classical 3871:Anarchism 3788:Goldwater 3778:Cleveland 3768:Gladstone 3640:De Cleyre 3565:Jefferson 3540:La Boétie 3470:Criticism 3398:Squatting 3198:Free love 2940:Anarchist 2848:Venezuela 2824:Classical 2792:Cobdenism 2695:Cracovian 2650:Nicaragua 2615:Lithuania 2474:Hong Kong 2429:Australia 2267:Roosevelt 2237:Ståhlberg 2232:Venizelos 2187:Sarmiento 2177:Gladstone 2137:Lamartine 2107:Jefferson 1959:Martineau 1909:De Gouges 1894:Condorcet 1879:Priestley 1542:Democracy 1514:Third Way 1475:Christian 1470:Religious 1408:Classical 1238:The Times 1117:Priestley 1047:Gladstone 1012:Beveridge 782:Classical 725:Signature 533:, England 527:Liverpool 452:In office 400:In office 353:In office 310:In office 265:In office 219:In office 178:In office 139:In office 94:In office 20355:Category 20313:Painting 20308:Morality 20170:Scotland 20058:Category 19992:Tim Holt 19096:Mordaunt 19066:Grayling 18951:Whitelaw 18941:Crossman 18906:Morrison 18826:Harcourt 18776:Disraeli 18761:Disraeli 18746:Disraeli 18706:Perceval 18608:Robinson 17948:Reynolds 17943:Badenoch 17753:Crosland 17733:Maulding 17668:Runciman 17628:Runciman 17583:Mundella 17568:Mundella 17563:Stanhope 17558:Richmond 17543:Adderley 17528:Richmond 17498:Cardwell 17443:Auckland 17418:Robinson 17408:Bathurst 17403:Auckland 17398:Montrose 17383:Grantham 17378:Carlisle 17298:Berkeley 17293:Guilford 17283:Stamford 17278:Weymouth 17273:Stamford 17192:Kwarteng 17102:Maudling 17057:Anderson 16967:Harcourt 16952:Harcourt 16942:Childers 16912:Disraeli 16902:Disraeli 16887:Disraeli 16877:Goulburn 16845:Goulburn 16823:Robinson 16793:Perceval 16726:Dashwood 16660:Aislabie 16655:Stanhope 16572:Duncombe 16542:Portland 16537:Greville 16502:Cromwell 16472:Thwaites 16457:Somerset 16402:Benstead 16387:Chishull 16372:Chishull 16357:Maunsell 16199:Hailsham 16149:Rosebery 16104:Richmond 15971:Miliband 15906:Thatcher 15866:Morrison 15826:Lansbury 15748:Harcourt 15708:Disraeli 15698:Disraeli 15688:Disraeli 15678:Disraeli 15673:Disraeli 15655:Bentinck 15615:Ponsonby 15546:Category 15463:Thatcher 15302:Rosebery 15246:Disraeli 15204:Aberdeen 15134:Goderich 15113:Perceval 15106:Portland 15051:Portland 14867:1863–66 13778:LibriVox 13727:, 1892). 13711:Archived 13624:Archived 13519:Archived 13494:Archived 13481:Archived 13454:Archived 13451:in JSTOR 13429:Archived 13345:Archived 13342:in JSTOR 13278:Archived 13263:(1986). 13172:Archived 13169:in JSTOR 13125:Archived 13036:Archived 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1889:Beccaria 1854:Rousseau 1849:Voltaire 1692:Property 1655:Positive 1650:Negative 1606:Religion 1584:Economic 1557:Equality 1480:Catholic 1450:National 1445:Muscular 1423:Feminist 1418:Cultural 1377:a series 1375:Part of 1256:Centrism 1180:Radicals 1092:Macaulay 1062:Hobhouse 969:Chartism 821:Economic 814:Muscular 802:Whiggist 747:a series 640:Children 464:Victoria 231:Victoria 190:Victoria 151:Victoria 107:Victoria 20318:Theatre 20288:Fashion 20283:Erotica 20160:Ireland 20008:pro tem 19337:of the 19091:Spencer 19076:Leadsom 19056:Lansley 19016:Beckett 18991:Wakeham 18926:Macleod 18881:Baldwin 18871:Baldwin 18861:Baldwin 18841:Asquith 18831:Balfour 18816:Balfour 18751:Russell 18741:Russell 18731:Althorp 18716:Canning 18593:Walpole 18001:of the 17999:Masters 17898:Darling 17893:Johnson 17873:Beckett 17843:Channon 17838:Brittan 17673:Stanley 17648:Baldwin 17633:Stanley 17598:Balfour 17593:Ritchie 17573:Stanley 17503:Stanley 17458:Thomson 17448:Thomson 17438:Herries 17323:Halifax 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