Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

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reflect on the season of the year when that war broke out, on the means which this country could have applied for deciding in one sense that issue, I am satisfied that those who make these reflections will think that we acted wisely in not embarking in that dispute. (Cheers.) To have sent a fleet in midwinter to the Baltic every sailor would tell you was an impossibility, but if it could have gone it would have been attended by no effectual result. Ships sailing on the sea cannot stop armies on land, and to have attempted to stop the progress of an army by sending a fleet to the Baltic would have been attempting to do that which it was not possible to accomplish. (Hear, hear.) If England could have sent an army, and although we all know how admirable that army is on the peace establishment, we must acknowledge that we have no means of sending out a force at all equal to cope with the 300,000 or 400,000 men whom the 30,000,000 or 40,000,000 of Germany could have pitted against us, and that such an attempt would only have insured a disgraceful discomfiture—not to the army, indeed, but to the Government which sent out an inferior force and expected it to cope successfully with a force so vastly superior. (Cheers.) ... we did not think that the Danish cause would be considered as sufficiently British, and as sufficiently bearing on the interests and the security and the honour of England, as to make it justifiable to ask the country to make those exertions which such a war would render necessary.

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reorganizing the internal system of the empire, there is no reason whatever why it should not become again a respectable Power" and challenged the metaphor that an old country, such as Turkey should be in such disrepair as would be warranted by the comparison: "Half the wrong conclusions at which mankind arrive are reached by the abuse of metaphors, and by mistaking general resemblance or imaginary similarity for real identity." However, when the power of Muhammad Ali appeared to threaten the existence of the Ottoman dynasty, particularly given the death of Sultan Mahmud II on 1 July 1839, he succeeded in bringing the great powers together to sign a collective note on 27 July pledging them to maintain the independence and integrity of the Turkish Empire in order to preserve the security and peace of Europe. However, by 1840 Muhammad Ali had occupied

3071:. In a speech to the Commons on 23 July 1863, Palmerston said the British government, like those of France and Russia, wished that "the independence, the integrity, and the rights of Denmark may be maintained. We are convinced—I am convinced at least—that if any violent attempt were made to overthrow those rights and interfere with that independence, those who made the attempt would find in the result that it would not be Denmark alone with which they would have to contend". Palmerston's stance derived from the traditional belief that France was the greater threat to Britain and was much stronger than Austria and Prussia. In any case, France and Britain were at odds over Poland, and Paris refused to cooperate with London on the Danish crisis. Public opinion in Britain was strongly pro-Danish, thanks especially to 11553: 10811: 1975: 2264:

distrust among other politicians and angered the Court. Prince Albert complained Palmerston had sent a dispatch without showing the sovereign. Protesting innocence, Palmerston resigned. Palmerston was weakened because Parliament, where he had great support, was not in session. Palmerston continued to have wide approval among the newspapers, elite opinion, and the middle class voters. His popularity led to distrust among rivals and especially at the Royal Court. His fall demonstrates the lack of power of public opinion in a pre-democratic era. However, Palmerston kept his public support and the growing influence of public opinion steadily increased his political strength in the 1850s and 1860s.

701: 2596:. Playing the patriotism card, Palmerston said that Cobden demonstrated "an anti-English feeling, an abnegation of all those ties which bind men to their country and to their fellow countrymen, which I should hardly have expected from the lips of any member of this House. Everything that was English was wrong, and everything that was hostile to England was right." He went on to say that if a motion of censure was carried it would signal that the House had voted to "abandon a large community of British subjects at the extreme end of the globe to a set of barbarians – a set of kidnapping, murdering, poisoning barbarians." The censure motion was carried by a majority of sixteen and the 1131:

that if Denmark had evidenced any hostility towards this country, then we should have been justified in measures of retaliation... Denmark coerced into hostility stands in the same position as Denmark voluntarily hostile, when the law of self-preservation comes into play...Does anyone believe that Buonaparte will be restrained by any considerations of justice from acting towards Denmark as he has done towards other countries? ... England, according to that law of self-preservation which is a fundamental principle of the law of nations, is justified in securing, and therefore enforcing, from Denmark a neutrality which France would by compulsion have converted into an active hostility.

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himself to a changing world". Thus Britain was militarily unable to stop Bismarck's armies and misunderstood Bismarck's ambitions. Russian historian V. N. Vinogradov writes: "In place of the former insight came bias in judgments and stubbornness in defending outdated views. Palmerston continued to consider Prussia 'an instrument in the hands of Austria', its army weak and doomed to defeat, and its public to consist of romantically minded students and dreamy professors. And Otto von Bismarck quietly annexed the two Duchies to Prussia, and at the same time the

3435: 8068: 8048: 4242: 4227: 1525:– the supporters of Don Carlos – and he rejected direct interference in Spain. It is probable that the hesitation of the French court on this question was one of the causes of the enduring personal hostility Palmerston showed towards the French king thereafter, though that sentiment may well have arisen earlier. Although Palmerston wrote in June 1834 that Paris was "the pivot of my foreign policy", the differences between the two countries grew into a constant but sterile rivalry that brought benefit to neither. 1571: 1469:, but one subject to the balance of power on the Continent, and in particular the preservation of Belgian independence. If the reactionary powers supported William I by force, they would encounter the resistance of France and Britain united in arms. If France sought to annex Belgium, it would forfeit the British alliance and find herself opposed by the whole of Europe. In the end the British policy prevailed. Although the continent had been close to war, peace was maintained on London's terms and Prince 11037: 10452: 1290: 2556: 2460:(25 October 1854). The health and living conditions of the British soldiers became notorious and the press, with correspondents in the field, made the most of the situation. Tories demanded an accounting of all soldiers, cavalry and sailors sent to the Crimea and accurate figures as to the number of casualties. When Parliament passed a bill to investigate by a vote of 305 to 148, Aberdeen said he had lost a vote of no confidence and resigned as prime minister on 30 January 1855. 1427: 12811: 12527: 10976: 9656: 2511: 10988: 1804: 2783:

fixedly at the paper before him, saying nothing until there was a lull in Gladstone's outpouring. He then rapped the table and said cheerfully: 'Now, my Lords and gentlemen, let us go to business'." Palmerston told Lord Shaftesbury: "Gladstone will soon have it all his own way and whenever he gets my place we shall have strange doings". He told another friend that he thought Gladstone would wreck the Liberal Party and end up in a madhouse.

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truckling to a foreign despot; he preached the Balance of Power, yet helped to inaugurate the policy of isolation and of British withdrawal from Europe. Irresponsible and flippant, he became the first hero of the serious middle-class electorate. He reached high office solely through an irregular family connection; he retained it through skilful use of the press—the only Prime Minister to become an accomplished leader-writer.

3775: 2964: 2371:'s plans for giving the vote to sections of the urban working-classes. When the Cabinet agreed in December 1853 to introduce a bill during the next session of Parliament in the form which Russell wanted, Palmerston resigned. However, Aberdeen told him that no definite decision on reform had been taken and persuaded Palmerston to return to the Cabinet. The electoral Reform Bill did not pass Parliament that year. 2056:. Yet, his opposition to Austria was chiefly based upon its occupation of northeastern Italy and |its Italian policy. Palmerston maintained that the existence of Austria as a great power north of the Alps was an essential element in the system of Europe. Antipathies and sympathies had a large share in the political views of Palmerston, and his sympathies had ever been passionately awakened by the cause of 2791:

this would not come about unless the working class showed an interest in reform. Palmerston believed that this was incitement to the working class to begin agitating for reform and told Gladstone: "What every Man and Woman too have a Right to, is to be well governed and under just Laws, and they who propose a change ought to shew that the present organization does not accomplish those objects".

1983:

engagements entered into between Guizot and Lord Aberdeen. However little the conduct of the French government in this transaction of the Spanish marriages can be vindicated, it is certain that it originated in the belief that in Palmerston France had a restless and subtle enemy. The efforts of the British minister to defeat the French marriages of the Spanish princesses, by an appeal to the

902: 32: 3204:, Palmerston replied: "Oh, surely." His last words were, "That's Article 98; now go on to the next." (He was thinking about diplomatic treaties.) An apocryphal version of his last words is: "Die, my dear doctor? That is the last thing I shall do." He died at 10:45 am on Wednesday, 18 October 1865, two days before his eighty-first birthday. Although Palmerston wanted to be buried at 2643:, which for the first time made it possible for courts to grant a divorce and removed divorce from the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts. The opponents in Parliament, who included Gladstone, were the first in British history to try to kill a bill by filibuster. Nonetheless, Palmerston was determined to get the bill through, which he did. In June news came to Britain of the 2437: 3310:. He wished to see this liberal system of a mixed constitution in-between the two extremes of absolute monarchy and republican democracy replace the absolute monarchies on the Continent. More recently some historians have seen his domestic policies as prime minister as not merely liberal but genuinely progressive by the standards of his era. 3128:], are to be regarded as mere idle menaces to be laughed at and despised by foreign powers." Palmerston replied in the last night of the debate: "I say that England stands as high as she ever did and those who say she had fallen in the estimation of the world are not the men to whom the honour and dignity of England should be confided". 2935:"It is difficult not to come to the conclusion that the rabid hatred of England which animates the exiled Irishmen who direct almost all the Northern newspapers, will so excite the masses as to make it impossible for Lincoln and Seward to grant our demands; and we must therefore look forward to war as the probable result." 1423:

serious trouble simultaneously taking place in Belgium and Italy, and lesser issues in Greece and Portugal, he sought to de-escalate European tensions rather than aggravate them, favouring a policy of universal non-interventionism. He therefore focused chiefly on achieving a peaceful settlement of the crisis in Belgium.

2903:"...the American War... has manifestly ceased to have any attainable object as far as the Northerns are concerned, except to get rid of some more thousand troublesome Irish and Germans. It must be owned, however, that the Anglo-Saxon race on both sides have shown courage and endurance highly honourable to their stock." 3187:

States and looked forward to Prussia becoming more powerful as this would balance against the growing threat from Russia. In a letter to Russell he warned that Russia "will in due time become a power almost as great as the old Roman Empire ... Germany ought to be strong in order to resist Russian aggression."

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he worked hard. In later life he took an increasing pleasure in the game of politics, and ultimately became an adroit and successful prime minister.... in the end he became one of the great Victorian public personalities, a legend in his own lifetime, the personification of an England that was already passing away.

2667:). Palmerston introduced a Conspiracy to Murder bill, which made it a felony to plot in Britain to murder someone abroad. At first reading, the Conservatives voted for it but at second reading they voted against it. Palmerston lost by nineteen votes. Therefore, in February 1858 he was forced to resign. 3333:, a longstanding radical critic of Palmerston, asked Rosebery if he had read about Palmerston's policies as foreign secretary. Rosebery replied that he had. "Then", said Bright, "you know what to avoid. Do the exact opposite of what he did. His administration at the Foreign Office was one long crime." 2834:. Palmerston and Lyons both had similar sociopolitical sympathies: both advocated monarchy and foreign interventionism. Throughout the American Civil War, Palmerston and Richard Lyons maintained an extensive confidential correspondence. Their actions were responsible for the peaceful resolution of the 3367:

whose attempts to abolish the slave trade was one of the most consistent elements of his foreign policy. His opposition to the slave trade created tensions with South American countries and the United States over his insistence that the Royal Navy had the right to search the vessels of any country if

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On 27 June, Palmerston gave his statement to the Commons and said Britain would not go to war with the German powers unless the existence of Denmark as an independent power was at stake or Denmark's capital was threatened. The Conservatives replied that Palmerston had betrayed the Danes and a vote of

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and ports, which Palmerston vigorously supported. Objecting to the enormous expense, Gladstone repeatedly threatened to resign as Chancellor when the proposals were accepted. Palmerston said that he had received so many resignation letters from Gladstone that he feared that they would set fire to the

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could be captured, putting the allies in a stronger negotiating position. In September Sevastopol finally surrendered and the allies had full control of the Black Sea theatre. Russia came to terms. On 27 February 1856 an armistice was signed and after a month's negotiations an agreement was signed at

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which stopped the practice of employers paying workmen in goods instead of money, or forcing them to purchase goods from shops owned by the employers. In August 1853, Palmerston introduced the Smoke Abatement Act in order to combat the increasing smoke from coal fires, a problem greatly aggravated by

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Notwithstanding his parliamentary triumph in the Don Pacifico affair, many of his own colleagues and supporters criticised the spirit in which the foreign relations of the Crown were carried on. The Queen addressed a minute to the Prime Minister in which she recorded her dissatisfaction at the manner

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Conflict between China and Britain was inevitable. On the one side was a corrupt, decadent and caste-ridden despotism, with no desire or ability to wage war, which relied on custom much more than force for the enforcement of extreme privilege and discrimination, and which was blinded by a deep-rooted

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Palmerston's overall policy was to safeguard British interests, maintain peace, keep the balance of power, and retain the status quo in Europe. He had no grievance against Russia and while he privately sympathised with the Polish cause, in his role as foreign minister he rejected Polish demands. With

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Palmerston entered the office of Foreign Secretary with great energy and continued to exert his influence there for twenty years; he held it from 1830 to 1834 (his apprentice years), 1835 to 1841, and 1846 to 1851. Basically, Palmerston was responsible for the whole of British foreign policy from the

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and later remembered Palmerston as by far the most merciful of the three. Temple was often engaged in school fights and fellow Old Harrovians remembered Temple as someone who stood up to bullies twice his size. Henry Temple's father took him to the House of Commons in 1799, where the young Palmerston

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Fundamentally he was a professional politician, shrewd, cynical, resilient; tough and sometimes unscrupulous; quick to seize opportunities; always ready either to abandon an impossible cause or bide his time for a more favourable opportunity. He liked power, he needed his salary, he enjoyed office,

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was told by a member of the Cabinet that "at the beginning of each session and after each holiday, Mr Gladstone used to come in charged to the muzzle with all sorts of schemes of all sorts of reforms which were absolutely necessary in his opinion to be immediately undertaken. Palmerston used to look

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into law, which was introduced as a private member's bill, and which Palmerston persuaded the government to support. The Act made vaccination of children compulsory for the first time. Palmerston outlawed the burying of the dead in churches. The right to bury the dead in churches was held by wealthy

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invented for the torment and perplexity of the French nation". However, the Cabinet decided that Britain must be neutral, and so Palmerston requested his officials to be diplomatic. Palmerston's widespread support among the press, educated public opinion, and ordinary Britons caused apprehension and

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mob, which included the sons of a Greek government minister. The Greek police did not intervene in the attack, despite being present. Because Don Pacifico was a British subject, the British government expressed concern. In January 1850, Palmerston took advantage of Don Pacifico's claims on the Greek

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of the constitutional states (Britain, France, Spain & Portugal) to serve as a counterpoise to the reactionary alliance. A treaty for the pacification of the Peninsula was signed in London on 22 April 1834 and, although the struggle was somewhat prolonged in Spain, it accomplished its objective.

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and most of the political leadership distrusted him, he received and sustained the favour of the press and the populace, from whom he received the affectionate sobriquet "Pam". Palmerston's alleged weaknesses included mishandling of personal relations, and continual disagreements with the Queen over

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Europe's leaders were unable to settle the matter by peaceful compromise. Palmerston's biographer William Baring Pemberton argued that his "failure to understand Bismarck lies at the root of his misunderstanding of the Schleswig-Holstein question, and it derived from an old man's inability to adapt

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Russell and the Queen both hoped that the other would take the initiative and dismiss Palmerston; the Queen was dissuaded by her husband Prince Albert, who took the limits of constitutional power very seriously, and Russell by Palmerston's prestige with the people and his competence in an otherwise

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Emily's son-in-law, |Lord Shaftesbury wrote: "His attentions to Lady Palmerston, when they both of them were well stricken in years, were those of a perpetual courtship. The sentiment was reciprocal; and I have frequently seen them go out on a morning to plant some trees, almost believing that they

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wrote to the young Palmerston's parents that Henry Temple was well-mannered and charming. Stewart wrote to a friend, saying of Temple: "In point of temper and conduct he is everything his friends could wish. Indeed, I cannot say that I have ever seen a more faultless character at this time of life,

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for damages against Britain, which Palmerston refused to pay. After his death, Gladstone acknowledged the U.S. claim and agreed to arbitration, paying out $ 15,500,000 in damages. However, no compensation for damages done to the U.S. by British-built blockade runners carrying arms supplies to the

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with regard to Russia. The British Government had to determine whether the situation in North America or the containment of Russia was more urgent. The decision was to give priority to threats closer to home and to decline France's suggestion of a joint intervention in America; the threatened race

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introduced a Reform Bill in the Commons, Palmerston ordered Gladstone to not commit himself and the government to any particular scheme. Instead Gladstone said in his speech in the Commons that he did not see why any man should not have the vote unless he was mentally incapacitated, but added that

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Meanwhile, he manipulated information and public opinion to enhance his control of his department, including controlling communications within the office and to other officials. He leaked secrets to the press, published selected documents, and released letters to give himself more control and more

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I am sure every Englishman who has a heart in his breast and a feeling of justice in his mind, sympathizes with those unfortunate Danes (cheers), and wishes that this country could have been able to draw the sword successfully in their defence (continued cheers); but I am satisfied that those who

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The vote of censure was defeated by 313 votes to 295, with Palmerston's old enemies in the pacifist camp, Cobden and Bright, voting for him. The result of the vote was announced at 2:30 in the morning, and when Palmerston heard the news he ran up the stairs to the Ladies' Gallery and embraced his

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Palmerston replied that the fleet could not do much to assist the Danes in Copenhagen and that nothing should be done to persuade Napoleon to cross the Rhine. Britain had a small army and it had no powerful ally to help. Bismarck remarked that the Royal Navy lacked wheels—it was powerless on land

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from his rash attack on the superior forces of Austria, he obtained for him a reduction of the penalty of defeat. Austria, weakened by the revolution, sent an envoy to London to request the mediation of Britain, based on a large cession of Italian territory. Palmerston rejected the terms he might

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Historian David Brown rejects the traditional interpretation to the effect that Aberdeen had forged an entente cordiale with France in the early 1840s whereupon the belligerent Palmerston after 1846 destroyed that friendly relationship. Brown argues that as foreign secretary from 1846 to 1851 and

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for Palmerston in Britain kept the peace. Palmerston believed that peace with France was not to be relied on, and indeed that war between the two countries was sooner or later inevitable. Aberdeen and Guizot inaugurated a different policy: by mutual confidence and friendly offices, they entirely

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thus: "Coercion of Mehemet Ali by England if war broke out might appear partial and unjust; but we are partial; and the great interests of Europe require that we should be so....No ideas therefore of fairness towards Mehemet ought to stand in the way of such great and paramount interests." Having

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was called to address this question. The British solution involved the independence of Belgium, which Palmerston believed would greatly contribute to the security of Britain, but any solution was not straightforward. On the one hand, the reactionary powers were anxious to defend William I; on the

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On 26 February 1828, Palmerston delivered a speech in favour of Catholic emancipation. He felt that it was unseemly to relieve the "imaginary grievances" of the Dissenters from the established church while at the same time "real afflictions pressed upon the Catholics" of Great Britain. Palmerston

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it is defensible on the ground that the enormous power of France enables her to coerce the weaker state to become an enemy of England... It is the law of self-preservation that England appeals for the justification of her proceedings. It is admitted by the honourable gentleman and his supporters,

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He advised that more armaments be sent to Canada and more troops be sent to Ireland. During these last few weeks of his life, Palmerston pondered on developments in foreign affairs. He began thinking of a new friendship with France as "a sort of preliminary defensive alliance" against the United

1982:

The French government regarded the appointment of Palmerston as a certain sign of renewed hostilities. They availed themselves of a dispatch in which he had put forward the name of a Coburg prince as a candidate for the hand of the young queen of Spain as a justification for a departure from the

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of Egypt. Later, after Russian successes, in 1833 and 1835 he made proposals to afford material aid, which were overruled by the cabinet. Palmerston held that "if we can procure for it ten years of peace under the joint protection of the five Powers, and if those years are profitably employed in

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For twenty years junior minister in a Tory government, he became the most successful of Whig Foreign Secretaries; though always a Conservative, he ended his life by presiding over the transition from Whiggism to Liberalism. He was the exponent of British strength, yet was driven from office for

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Palmerston placed his trust... in the Press which he was at pains to manipulate; in Parliament, which he learnt better than any man then living to manage; and the Country, whose temper he knew how to catch and the weight of his name and resources he brought to bear upon every negotiation with a

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reacted differently upon hearing of his death: "He will be a great loss to us. Tho' he made a joke when asked to do the right thing, he always did it. No one else will be able to carry things thro' the Cabinet as he did. I shall lose a powerful protector...He was so much more in earnest than he

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in his home Foxhills, built in about 1840. On 12 October 1865, he caught a chill. Instead of retiring immediately to bed, Palmerston spent an hour and a half dawdling. He then had a violent fever but his condition stabilised for the next few days. However, on the night of 17 October, his health

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Therefore I say that it is a narrow policy to suppose that this country or that is to be marked out as the eternal ally or the perpetual enemy of England. We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to

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was an inspired political alliance as well as a stab at personal happiness. Harry and Emily were supremely well-matched. As the husband of a beautiful, charming, intelligent, rich woman whose friends were the best people in society, Palmerston at last had the money, the social setting, and the

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superiority complex into believing that they could assert their supremacy over Europeans without possessing military power. On the other side was the most economically advanced nation in the world, a nation of pushing, bustling traders, of self-help, free trade, and the pugnacious qualities of

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he subsequently formed. However, a dispute between Wellington and Huskisson over the issue of parliamentary representation for Manchester and Birmingham led to the resignation of Huskisson and his allies, including Palmerston. In the spring of 1828, after more than twenty years continuously in

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to build a naval alliance against Britain, including using the Danish navy for invading Britain. Pre-empting this, the British offered Denmark the choice of temporarily handing over its navy until the war's end or the destruction of their navy. The Danes refused to comply and so Copenhagen was

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in May and June the Danes refused to accept their loss of Schleswig-Holstein. The armistice ended on 26 June and Prussian-Austrian troops quickly invaded more of Denmark. On 25 June the Cabinet was against going to war to save Denmark, and Russell's suggestion to send the Royal Navy to defend

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assumed the government of the empire with dictatorial power. In spite of what Palmerston termed his judicious bottle-holding, the movement he had encouraged and applauded, but to which he could give no material aid, was everywhere subdued. The British government, or at least Palmerston as its

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Queen Victoria wrote after his death that though she regretted his passing, she had never liked or respected him: "Strange, and solemn to think of that strong, determined man, with so much worldly ambition – gone! He had often worried and distressed us, though as Pr. Minister he had behaved

1473:, the widower of a British princess, was placed upon the throne of Belgium. Fishman says that the London Conference was "an extraordinarily successful conference" because it "provided the institutional framework through which the leading powers of the time safeguarded the peace of Europe." 932:

peer, and his mother was Mary (1752–1805), a daughter of Benjamin Mee, a London merchant. From 1792 to 1794, he accompanied his family on a long Continental tour. While in Italy, Palmerston acquired an Italian tutor, who taught him to speak and write fluent Italian. The family owned a huge

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to reverse the rebuke, which it did on 29 June by a majority of 46, after having heard from Palmerston on 25 June. This was the most eloquent and powerful speech he ever delivered, wherein he sought to vindicate not only his claims on the Greek government for Don Pacifico, but his entire

2600:. Palmerston's stance proved popular among a large section of the workers, the growing middle classes and the country's commercial and financial interests. With the expanded franchise, his party swept on a wave of popular feeling to a majority of 83, the largest since 1835. Cobden and 2015:(Lord Lansdowne) to equal notoriety. Palmerston asserted that "... any great improvement in the social system of Ireland must be founded upon an extensive change in the present state of agrarian occupation a long continued and systematic ejectment of Small holders and of Squatting 3317:

said that "his heart always beat for the honour of England". Palmerston believed it was in Britain's interests that liberal governments be established on the Continent. He also practised brinkmanship and bluff in that he was prepared to threaten war to achieve Britain's interests.

877:(which provided Britain with decisive agency in many conflicts), and his commitment to British interests. His policies in relation to India, China, Italy, Belgium and Spain had extensive long-lasting beneficial consequences for Britain. However, Palmerston's leadership during the 3181:

The American assault on Ireland under the name of Fenianism may be now held to have failed, but the snake is only scotched and not killed. It is far from impossible that the American conspirators may try and obtain in our North American provinces compensation for their defeat in

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personal security he needed to get to the very top of British politics. Lady Palmerston made her husband happy, as he did her, and she was a political power in her own right. In the last and most successful decades of Palmerston's life, she was his best advisor and most trusted

1319:

Lord Palmerston was no orator; his language was unstudied, and his delivery somewhat embarrassed; but generally he found the words to say the right thing at the right time, and to address the House of Commons in the language best adapted to the capacity and the temper of his

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Foreign policy continued to be his main strength; he thought that he could shape if not control all of European diplomacy, especially by using France as a vital ally and trade partner. However, historians often characterise his method as bluffing more than decisive action.

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and Prussia were willing to join, Russia would stand alone. However, France, which had sent far more soldiers to the war than Britain, and had suffered far more casualties, wanted the war to end, as did Austria. In March 1855 the old Tsar died and was succeeded by his son,

1667:, that he would resign from the ministry if his policy were not adopted. The London Convention granted Muhammad Ali hereditary rule in Egypt in return for withdrawal from Syria and Lebanon, but was rejected by the pasha. The European powers intervened with force, and the 2031:

spread like a conflagration through Europe, and shook every throne on the Continent except those of Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Spain, and Belgium. Palmerston sympathised openly with the revolutionary party abroad. In particular, he was a strong advocate of national

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for a pension and was also mentally ill, shot Palmerston as he walked up the stairs of the War Office. The bullet only grazed his back and the wound was slight. After learning of Davies' illness, Palmerston paid for his legal defence at the trial, and Davies was sent to

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July 1861 – Sir George Cornewall Lewis succeeds Herbert as Secretary for War. Sir George Grey succeeds Lewis as Home Secretary. Edward Cardwell succeeds Grey as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Cardwell's successor as Chief Secretary for Ireland is not in the

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and sales of warships by private firms to the Confederacy that actually sustained the war by two years. This was later evidenced by Palmerston's refusal to stop firms from selling arms and ships on the basis that it had a right to sell such things to both sides as a

1225:, withdrew their support, and an alliance was formed between the liberal members of the late ministry and the Whigs. The post of Chancellor of the Exchequer was offered to Palmerston, who accepted it, but this appointment was frustrated by some intrigue between King 3099:

was on its way to attack Copenhagen. Palmerston told the Austrian ambassador that if his fleet entered the Baltic to attack Denmark the result would be war with Britain. The ambassador replied that the Austrian navy would not enter the Baltic and it did not do so.

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unless the Ottoman sultan acceded to their demands. Palmerston argued for immediate decisive action - that the Royal Navy should be sent to the Dardanelles to assist the Turkish navy and that Britain should inform Russia of London's intention to go to war if the

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In 1889, Gladstone recounted a story of when "a Frenchman, thinking to be highly complimentary, said to Palmerston: 'If I were not a Frenchman, I should wish to be an Englishman'; to which Pam coolly replied: 'If I were not an Englishman, I should wish to be an

2429:, they would have been deterred. In Cabinet, Palmerston argued for a vigorous prosecution of the war against Russia by Britain, but Aberdeen objected, as he wanted peace. British public opinion supported the Turks, and with Aberdeen becoming steadily unpopular, 1663:– without the knowledge of the French government. This measure was taken with great hesitation, and strong opposition on the part of several members of the cabinet. Palmerston forced the measure through in part by declaring in a letter to the prime minister, 1355:

time of the French and Belgian Revolutions of 1830 until December 1851. His abrasive style would earn him the nickname "Lord Pumice Stone", and his manner of dealing with foreign governments who crossed him, especially in his later years, was the original "

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As war came closer the bulk of the British fleet was committed to the Mediterranean and on 13 June 1853, as tensions mounted, the British and French Mediterranean fleets were moved to Besika Bay, close to the Dardanelles, and ready to move to the support of

2887:, threatened to treat as hostile any country which recognised the Confederacy. Britain depended more on American corn than Confederate cotton, and a war with the U.S. would not be in Britain's economic interest. Palmerston ordered reinforcements sent to the 3082:

For five months Bismarck did nothing. However, in November the Danish government instituted a new constitution whereby Schleswig was bound closer to Denmark. By the year's end, the Prussian and Austrian armies had occupied Holstein and were massing on the

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It was in this speech, which lasted for five hours, that Palmerston made the well-known declaration that a British subject ought everywhere to be protected by the strong arm of the British government against injustice and wrong; comparing the reach of the

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to world trade. In those ports there would be extraterritorial rights for British citizens. Palmerston thus achieved his main goals of diplomatic equality and opening China to trade. However his angry critics focused on the immorality of the opium trade.

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of 1841; they invaded the two principalities in July 1853. Palmerston interpreted this as the result of British weakness and thought that if the Russians had been told that if they invaded the principalities the British and French fleets would enter the

2250:

by dissolving the National Assembly and arresting the leading republicans. Palmerston privately congratulated Napoleon on his triumph, noting that Britain's constitution was rooted in history but that France had had five revolutions since 1789, with the

2416:, was annoyed by Britain's actions but they did not deter him. When the British fleet arrived at the Dardanelles the weather was rough, so the fleet took refuge in the outer waters of the straits (June 1853). The Russians saw this as a violation of the 3177:, to take measures against this, including a possible suspension of trial-by-jury and a monitoring of Americans travelling to Ireland. He believed that the Fenian agitation was caused by America. On 27 September 1865 he wrote to the Secretary for War: 2411:

invaded the principalities. However, Aberdeen objected to all of Palmerston's proposals. After prolonged arguments, a reluctant Aberdeen agreed to send a fleet to the Dardanelles but objected to Palmerston's other proposals. The Russian Emperor,

2777:

treated each other respectfully, they disagreed fundamentally over Church appointments, foreign affairs, defence and reform; Palmerston's greatest problem during his last premiership was how to handle his Chancellor of the Exchequer. The MP Sir

2142:

with a five-hour speech of his own, the first of two great speeches in which he laid out a comprehensive defence of his foreign policy and of liberal interventionism more generally. Arguing for domestic political effect, Palmerston declaimed:

1578:

Palmerston had long maintained a suspicious and hostile attitude towards Russia, whose autocratic government offended his liberal principles and whose ever-growing size challenged the strength of the British Empire. He was angered by the 1833

1480:

between Belgium and the Netherlands, inducing the three reactionary powers to accede to it as well; while in Palmerston's second period of office, as his authority grew, he was able to finally settle relations between Belgium and Holland with

3414:; the letters are judiciously curtailed, but unfortunately without indicating where the excisions occur; the appendices of the original work are omitted, but much fresh matter is added, and this edition is undoubtedly the standard biography. 2922:

to Europe. Palmerston called the action "a declared and gross insult", demanded the release of the two diplomats and ordered 3,000 troops to Canada. In a letter to Queen Victoria on 5 December 1861 he said that if his demands were not met:

3091:, and ten days afterwards the Danish government requested British help to resist this. Russell urged Palmerston to send a fleet to Copenhagen and persuade Napoleon III that he should mobilise his French soldiers on the borders of Prussia. 3079:. However Queen Victoria was intensely pro-German and strongly urged against threatening war. Palmerston himself favoured Denmark but he also had long been pacifistic in this matter and did not want Britain to become militarily involved. 2358:

to send juvenile prisoners to a reformatory school instead of to prison. He was forced to accept an amendment which ensured that the prisoner had to have spent at least three months in jail first. When in October 1854 Palmerston visited

885:. The consequences of the conquest of India have been reconsidered by more recent scholarship weighing the burdens placed on India in colonial rule and British uncertainty on proper governance. The consequences of his policies towards 2122:

This state of things was regarded with the utmost annoyance by the British court and by most of the British ministers. On many occasions, Palmerston had taken important steps without their knowledge, which they disapproved. Over the

2868:, he held a lifelong hostility towards the United States, and believed a dissolution of the Union would enhance British power. Additionally, the Confederacy "would afford a valuable and extensive market for British manufactures". 2939:

In fact, Irishmen did not control any major newspapers in the North, and the U.S. decided to release the prisoners rather than risk war. Palmerston was convinced the presence of troops in Canada persuaded the U.S. to acquiesce.

2114:, the Hungarian democrat and leader of its constitutionalists, landed in England in 1851 to wide applause, Palmerston proposed to receive him at Broadlands, a design which was only prevented by a peremptory vote of the cabinet. 854:, Palmerston was the only man able to sustain a majority in Parliament, and he became prime minister. He had two periods in office, 1855–1858 and 1859–1865, before his death at the age of 80 years, a few months after victory in 12996: 1731:

wanted to provoke a revolution in China that would open trade. The Foreign Office, led by Palmerston, stood opposed and sought peace. The Chinese government refused to change, and interdicted the British smugglers bringing in

3508:

6 in the southern suburbs, villas are named after Palmerston, as well as Temple Road and Palmerston Road. Both are quasi-translated variously as Bóthar an Stiguaire, Bóthar P(h)almerston, Bóthar Baile an Phámar and Bóthar an

2447:

On 28 March 1854, Britain and France declared war on Russia for refusing to withdraw from the principalities. The war progressed slowly, with no Anglo-French gains in the Baltic and slow coalition gains in Crimea at the long

2387:, argues that had he been in control of foreign policy at this time, war in the Crimea would have been avoided. Palmerston argued in Cabinet, after Russian troops concentrated on the Ottoman border in February 1853, that the 4534: 3305:

of 1688 was the best which human hands had made, with a constitutional monarchy subject to the laws of the land but retaining some political power. He supported the rule of law and opposed further democratisation after the

1781:. They argued that Palmerston was only interested in the huge profits it would bring Britain, and was totally oblivious to the horrible moral evils of opium which the Chinese government was valiantly trying to stamp out. 2479:

but (aged 74) he was too old to accept: so she asked Russell; but none of his former colleagues except Palmerston wanted to serve under him. Having exhausted the possible alternatives, the Queen invited Palmerston to

2304:, the Queen summoned Palmerston to discuss the situation. When she enquired after the latest news, Palmerston allegedly replied: "There is no definite news, Madam, but it seems certain that the Turks have crossed the 2764:

named him Lord Cupid (on account of his youthful looks), and he was cited, at the age of 79, as co-respondent in an 1863 divorce case, although it emerged that the case was nothing more than an attempted blackmail.

2699:

to form a government, but although Palmerston agreed to serve under him, Russell did not. Therefore, on 12 June the Queen asked Palmerston to become prime minister. Russell and Gladstone agreed to serve under him.

2363:

gaol and conversed with three boy inmates, he was impressed by their behaviour and ordered that they be sent to a reformatory school. He found the ventilation in the cells unsatisfactory and ordered improvement.

1032:

without examinations, but Palmerston wished to obtain his degree through examinations. This was declined, although he was allowed to take the separate college examinations, where he obtained first-class honours.

6578: 3410:(1874), after the author's death. Ashley completed the biography in two more volumes (1876). The whole work was reissued in a revised and slightly abridged form by Ashley in 2 volumes in 1879, with the title 1598:

For his part, David Urquhart considered Palmerston a "mercenary of Russia" and founded the "Free Press" magazine in London, where he constantly promoted these views. The permanent author of this magazine was

1675:, and the total collapse of Muhammad Ali's power followed in rapid succession. Palmerston's policy was triumphant, and the author of it had won a reputation as one of the most powerful statesmen of the age. 7993: 3973:

December 1855 – The Duke of Argyll succeeds Lord Canning as Postmaster-General. Lord Harrowby succeeds Argyll as Lord Privy Seal. Harrowby's successor as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is not in the

2559:

Original engraving by D.J. Pound, from a photograph by Mayall, the Right Honourable Viscount Palmerston, G.C.B. K.G., Prime Minister. From the "Supplement to the Illustrated News of the World" ca 1855–58.

2237:

in which Palmerston evaded the obligation to submit his measures for the royal sanction as failing in sincerity to the Crown. This minute was communicated to Palmerston, who accepted its criticisms.

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was named after him, as was nearby Palmerston Road. A seven-foot high marble statue of Palmerston was erected in the park and unveiled on 2 June 1869. Temple street in Sligo is also called after him

772:

during the period 1830 to 1865, when Britain stood at the height of its imperial power. He held office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865. He began his parliamentary career as a

2452:. Dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war grew amongst the public in Britain and in other countries, aggravated by reports of fiascos and failures, especially the mismanagement of the heroic 2330:

families whose ancestors had purchased the right in the past. Palmerston opposed this practice on public-health grounds and ensured that all bodies were buried in a churchyard or public cemetery.

2300:(28 December 1852). Many people considered this a curious appointment because Palmerston's expertise was so obviously in foreign affairs. A story recounts that after a great wave of strikes swept 3313:

It is in foreign affairs that Palmerston is chiefly remembered. Palmerston's principal aim in foreign policy was to advance British national interests. Palmerston is famous for his patriotism.

2320:

and outlawed all labour by young persons between 6pm and 6am. He attempted to pass a Bill that confirmed the rights of workers to combine, but the House of Lords rejected it. He introduced the

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is the most northerly of the Southern Group of the Cook Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. Amongst the 15 or so islands of the atoll, Palmerston Island is the only one which is inhabited.

1901:

succeeded in restoring the most cordial understanding between the two governments, and the irritation which Palmerston had inflamed gradually subsided. During the administration of Sir

2738: 8759: 1960:

Palmerston's years as foreign secretary, 1846–1851, involve dealing with violent upheavals all over Europe – he has been dubbed "the gunpowder minister" by biographer David Brown.

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Aged 70 years, 109 days, Palmerston became the oldest person in British political history to be appointed Prime Minister for the first time. As of 2023 no Prime Minister entering

2433:

in February 1854 noted, "Wherever I go, I have heard but one opinion on the subject, and that one opinion has been pronounced in a single word, or in a single name – Palmerston."

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Historians usually regard Palmerston, starting in 1859, as the first Liberal prime minister. In his last premiership Palmerston oversaw the passage of important legislation. The

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outside the city were also burned to the ground by incensed locals. Palmerston supported Parkes while in Parliament the British policy was strongly attacked on moral grounds by

13056: 5528: 1198:, who was Prime Minister had to hold together the Tory Cabinet which began to split along political lines. The more liberal wing of the Tory government made some ground, with 10418: 7664: 2679:, and Russell introduced a resolution in March 1859 arguing for widening the franchise, which the Conservatives opposed but which was carried. Parliament was dissolved and a 3360:

to write in 1936 that "we are afraid of our shadows. I sometimes long for a ruffian like Palmerston or any man who would be more than a string of platitudes and apologies."

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Opinions and Policy of The Right Honourable Viscount Palmerston, G.C.B., M.P., &c. as Minister, Diplomatist, and Statesman, During More Than Forty Years of Public Life

4654:

Opinions and Policy of the Right Honourable Viscount Palmerston, G.C.B., M.P., &c. as Minister, Diplomatist, and Statesman, During More Than Forty Years of Public Life

6944: 3340:, a son-in-law of Queen Victoria, said of Palmerston in 1866: "He loved his country and his country loved him. He lived for her honour, and she will cherish his memory." 2951:

in ninety days, the cabinet debated intervention as a humanitarian move to stop a likely race war. At the same time however there was a cabinet crisis in France over the

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in 1838-9 - now asserting his (and British) independence by leaning rather more towards the Netherlands and the reactionary powers, and against the Belgium/French axis.

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Quarterly 1st & 4th Or an eagle displayed Sable (Leofric, Saxon Earl of Mercia), 2nd & 3rd Argent two bars Sable each charged with three martlets Or (Temple).

2927:"Great Britain is in a better state than at any former time to inflict a severe blow upon and to read a lesson to the United States which will not soon be forgotten." 12886: 4235: 2475:

remain as Foreign Secretary. Clarendon refused, and so Palmerston rejected Derby's offer; Derby subsequently gave up trying to form a government. The Queen sent for

850:. As home secretary Palmerston enacted various social reforms, although he opposed electoral reform. When Aberdeen's coalition fell in 1855 over its handling of the 2623: 1501:

were the representatives and the hope of the constitutional parties of their countries. Their positions were under some pressure from their absolutist kinsmen, Dom

1097:

On 3 February 1808, he spoke in support of confidentiality in the working of diplomacy, and of the bombardment of Copenhagen and the capture and destruction of the

11584: 6573: 1342:, two notable Whigs. This can be said to be the point in 1830, when his party allegiance changed. In November 1830 he accepted an offer from Lord Grey to join his 1083:, but lost by three votes after he advised his supporters to vote for the other Tory candidate in the two-member constituency so as to ensure a Tory was elected. 1827:, prime minister (1834 and 1835–1841). They had no legitimate children, although at least one of Lord Cowper's putative children, Lady Emily Cowper, the wife of 1607:

until the Crimean War, there was a secret agreement between the London and St. Petersburg offices, and that Palmerston was a corrupt tool of the Tsar's policy"

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Palmerston's exile from his traditional realm of the Foreign Office meant he did not have full control over British policy during the events precipitating the

1639:, the British ambassador at Constantinople, vehemently urged the British government to intervene. Privately, Palmerston explained his views on Muhammad Ali to 1303:

Following his move to opposition Palmerston appears to have focused closely on foreign policy. He had already urged Wellington into active interference in the

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Palmerston is also remembered for his light-hearted approach to government. He is once said to have claimed of a particularly intractable problem relating to

13041: 12891: 12598: 2798: 1415:) formed a closer alliance that seemed to threaten the peace and liberties of Europe. Polish exiles called on Britain to intervene against Russia during the 2151:

of the world, but giving the weight of her moral sanction and support wherever she thinks that justice is, and whenever she thinks that wrong has been done.

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in the Kingdom of Greece. As Greece was under the joint protection of three powers, Russia and France protested against its coercion by the British fleet.

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in 1859. He was highly popular with the British public. David Brown argues that "an important part of Palmerston's appeal lay in his dynamism and vigour".

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I hold that the real policy of England... is to be the champion of justice and right, pursuing that course with moderation and prudence, not becoming the

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also supported parliamentary reform. One of his biographers has stated that: "Like many Pittites, now labelled tories, he was a good whig at heart." The

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came to an end (1841) and Palmerston remained out of office for five years. The crisis was past, but the change which took place by the substitution of

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Palmerston has traditionally been viewed as "a Conservative at home and a Liberal abroad". He believed that the British constitution as secured by the

2476: 2012: 1335: 7276:

Bourne, Kenneth (1961). "The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty and the Decline of British Opposition to the Territorial Expansion of the United States, 1857–60".

1644:

closer ties to the wali than most, France refused to be a party to coercive measures against him despite having signed the note in the previous year.

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Copenhagen was only carried by Palmerston's vote. Palmerston, however, said the fleet could not be sent in view of the deep division in the Cabinet.

2683:

ensued, which the Whigs won. Palmerston rejected an offer from Disraeli to become Conservative leader, but he attended the meeting of 6 June 1859 in

1555:"All that we hear about the decay of the Turkish Empire, and its being a dead body or a sapless trunk, and so forth, is pure unadulterated nonsense." 1053: 3165:, increasing his majority. The leadership of Palmerston was a great electoral asset to the Liberal Party. He then had to deal with the outbreak of 12684: 12012: 11087: 10680: 10665: 10650: 10640: 10387: 10337: 10322: 10257: 10242: 10232: 9422: 9401: 9387: 9219: 9164: 1139:

as possessing "the palm of political prophecy". This would become a metaphor for his own career in divining the course of imperial foreign policy.

1044:, being one of the three officers in the unit for St John's College. He was also appointed Lieutenant-Colonel Commander of the Romsey Volunteers. 10700: 10307: 10292: 8836: 5457: 4016: 3447:

located in Southwestern Ontario, Canada was founded and named after Palmerston in 1875. Palmerston is now part of the amalgamated town of Minto.

13016: 11227: 10448: 9659: 9021: 4095: 1828: 1683: 1238: 2838:. When Lyons resigned from the position of American Ambassador, Palmerston attempted to persuade him to return, but Lyons declined the offer. 2544:. Palmerston's demand for a demilitarised Black Sea was secured, although his wish for the Crimea to be returned to the Ottomans was not. The 13026: 11332: 9048: 4617:

sat in the House of Lords and were not able to sit as Members of Parliament in the House of Commons, the Viscountcy of Palmerston was in the

4172: 3888: 3249: 1195: 11033: 3001:). As such, many Americans viewed the British as interfering with American affairs and indirectly committing an act of war against the U.S. 1991:

subsequently as prime minister, Palmerston sought to maintain the balance of power in Europe, sometimes even aligning with France to do so.

12664: 11577: 11277: 11172: 10575: 10555: 9317: 8501: 8231: 8176: 8166: 8122: 2277: 1897: 1462:, supported the reunion of the Belgian provinces to France, whereas Britain favoured Dutch, not French influence, on an independent state. 1293: 12629: 1221:

Upon the retirement of Lord Liverpool in April 1827, Canning was called to be prime minister. The more conservative Tories, including Sir

1218:

emerging as an open question. Although Palmerston was not in the Cabinet, he cordially supported the measures of Canning and his friends.

1126:

bombarded. Palmerston justified the attack by peroration with reference to the ambitions of Napoleon to take control of the Danish fleet:

12701: 12314: 11372: 11282: 10645: 10630: 10585: 10440: 10247: 10237: 10222: 10217: 10202: 10187: 9101: 9087: 8869: 8094: 7099: 5917:. Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest, No. 19. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press (published 2002). p. 119. 4729: 4067: 4062: 4039: 3985: 3928: 3837: 3815: 3802: 2696: 2011:

that ravaged Ireland in the late 1840s. He financed the emigration of starving Irish tenants across the Atlantic to North America as did

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Young Queen Victoria found it unseemly that people in their 50s could marry, but the Cowper-Palmerston marriage according to biographer

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Leslie M. Bethell, "Britain, Portugal and the suppression of the Brazilian slave trade: the origins of Lord Palmerston's Act of 1839."

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of 1842 with the United States. It resolved several Canadian boundary disputes with the United States, particularly the border between

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Hicks, Geoffrey (2004). "Don Pacifico, Democracy, and Danger: The Protectionist Party Critique of British Foreign Policy, 1850–1852".

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did not conceal their indignation at the fact that they were held responsible for Palmerston's actions by the other courts of Europe.

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refused to apologise, the British shelled his compound. The commissioner retaliated with a proclamation that called on the people of

2354:

1853, which also reduced the maximum sentences for most offences. Palmerston passed the Reformatory Schools Act 1854 which gave the

1987:

and the other powers of Europe, were wholly unsuccessful; France won the game, though with no small loss of honourable reputation.`

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campaigned for rearmament in the 1930s, he was compared to Palmerston in warning the nation to look to its defences. The policy of

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Historians rank Palmerston as one of the greatest foreign secretaries, due to his handling of great crises, his commitment to the

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to only one port and refused all official diplomatic relations except to tributary countries. In 1833–1835, as London ended the

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captured or destroyed many Union merchant ships, as did other raiders fitted out in Britain. This was the basis of the postwar

2472: 1933:. Much as he criticised it, the treaty successfully closed the border questions with which Palmerston had long been concerned. 1615: 969: 800: 53: 40: 2584:

to "unite in exterminating these troublesome English villains" and offered a $ 100 bounty for the head of any Englishman. The

2127:

he asserted and exercised an arbitrary dominion, which the feeble efforts of the premier could not control. The Queen and the

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Temperley, Harold, and Gavin B. Henderson. "Disraeli and Palmerston in 1857, or, the Dangers of Explanations in Parliament."

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in November 1861 produced public outrage in Britain and a diplomatic crisis. A U.S. Navy warship stopped the British steamer

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wife. Disraeli wrote: "What pluck to mount those dreadful stairs at three o'clock in the morning, and eighty years of age!"

1682:, and gave instruction to assist with the construction of an Anglican church in the city, under the prompting influences of 1178:

On 1 April 1818, a retired officer on half-pay, Lieutenant David Davies, who had a grievance about his application from the

12876: 12644: 12062: 11722: 11397: 11362: 11147: 11052: 10605: 10590: 10540: 10207: 10162: 10152: 9778: 9773: 9289: 9268: 9157: 9044: 8292: 8238: 6339: 4139: 3901: 3162: 3015:, was another difficulty for Palmerston. On 29 July 1862, a law officer's report he had commissioned advised him to detain 2719: 2715: 2680: 2597: 1824: 1727:'s monopoly on trade with China, both Tory and Whig governments sought to maintain peace and good trade relations. However 1636: 1257: 1234: 1191: 1080: 1072: 1061: 1057: 1029: 855: 765: 136: 12611: 12339: 11822: 11619: 11552: 11342: 11307: 11082: 10810: 10475: 10362: 10312: 9904: 8977: 8962: 8700: 8394: 7479: 4179: 4071: 3967: 3906: 3846: 3396:, who was dead; the second was a German professor, who had gone insane; and the third was himself, who had forgotten it. 3225: 2960:

war over slavery never happened. Palmerston rejected all further efforts of the Confederacy to gain British recognition.

2847: 2522:

could be threatened by superior British naval power. His goal was to permanently reduce the Russian threat to Europe. If

2449: 827:

1830–1834, 1835–1841 and 1846–1851. In this office, Palmerston responded effectively to a series of conflicts in Europe.

3997: 1948:

and returned Palmerston to the Foreign Office (July 1846). Russell replied to critics that Palmerston's policies had "a

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Having no male heir, his Irish viscountcy became extinct upon his death, but his property was inherited by his stepson

2998: 2794: 2676: 7505: 2036:, and stood firmly on the side of constitutional liberties on the Continent. Despite this, he was bitterly opposed to 996:. Temple later described his time at Edinburgh as producing "whatever useful knowledge and habits of mind I possess". 12804: 12717: 12274: 12233: 12102: 12037: 11641: 11629: 11487: 10530: 10317: 10302: 9129: 8769: 8594: 8063: 8030: 7180: 7153: 7130: 7081: 7012: 6985: 6393: 5922: 5649: 5609: 5210: 5170: 5119: 5090: 4204: 4148: 3919: 3915: 3883: 3793: 3753:, the resident Chief Mouser of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office since 13 April 2016, was named after Palmerston. 3744: 3337: 2826:. Palmerston had first appointed Richard Lyons to the Foreign Service in 1839, and was a close friend of his father, 2823: 2709: 1372: 735: 99: 71: 8649: 1678:

In September 1838, Palmerston appointed a British consul in Jerusalem, without the conventional consultation of the

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in which he had obtained an increased majority. He remains the most recent British prime minister to die in office.

49: 13046: 12289: 12228: 11107: 10795: 10740: 10039: 9989: 8852: 8511: 8428: 8337: 7690: 3952:

succeeds Herbert as Colonial Secretary. Sir Charles Wood succeeds Sir James Graham as First Lord of the Admiralty.

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censure in the House of Lords was carried by nine votes. In the debate in the Commons the Conservative MP General

3023:

detained on 31 July, but it had already put to sea before the order reached Birkenhead. In her subsequent cruise,

1334:

in September 1830, Wellington tried to induce Palmerston to re-enter the cabinet, but he refused to do so without

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of Spain, who were the closest males in the lines of succession. Palmerston conceived and executed the plan of a

1506: 1477: 1476:

Thereafter, despite a Dutch invasion and French counter-invasion in 1831, France and Britain framed and signed a

1025: 777: 686: 610: 3216:, which he was, on 27 October 1865. He was the fifth person not of royalty to be granted a state funeral (after 2895:

would make peace with the South and then invade Canada. He was very pleased with the Confederate victory at the

2077:

have obtained for Piedmont. After a couple of years this wave of revolution was replaced by a wave of reaction.

1952:

to produce war" but that he had advanced British interests without a major conflict, if not entirely peaceably.

1944:

refused to join a government in which Palmerston would direct foreign affairs. A few months later, however, the

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Thirty Years of Foreign Policy, a History of the Secretaryships of the Earl of Aberdeen and Viscount Palmerston

6688:"Profile of an Irish Village-Palmerston and the Conquest, Colonisation and Evolution of Mullaghmore, Co. Sligo" 6658: 4144: 4011: 3788: 3488: 2743: 2368: 2289: 2086: 1974: 1343: 1274: 1207: 1171:, then a less important office than it was to become later. But Palmerston preferred the non-cabinet office of 965: 773: 749: 107: 13076: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12385: 11977: 11837: 11347: 11247: 11177: 10550: 9861: 9108: 8928: 8568: 6927: 6397: 4614: 4029: 3860: 3806: 3690: 3658: 2857: 2827: 2787: 2102: 1774: 1699: 1312: 6068:

The Letters of Queen Victoria: A Selection from Her Majesty's Correspondence Between the Years 1837 and 1861

4621:

which did not automatically grant the right to sit in the Lords. Palmerston was thus able to serve as an MP.

3103:

Palmerston accepted Russell's suggestion that the war should be settled at a conference, but at the ensuing

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became one of the cardinal objects of his policy. He believed in the regeneration of Turkey, as he wrote to

1233:. Lord Palmerston remained Secretary at War, though he gained a seat in the cabinet for the first time. The 1064:

but was unseated in January 1807, when the Whig majority in the Commons voted for a petition to unseat him.

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Palmerston Lodge, Fairburn, North Yorkshire, hunting lodge built by Lord Palmerston in Fairburn, Yorkshire.

2656: 2611:(1856–1860) was another humiliating defeat for a Qing dynasty, already reeling as a result of the domestic 2355: 2090: 1668: 1442: 1265: 1175:, charged exclusively with the financial business of the army. He served in that post for almost 20 years. 916:

house to the Irish branch of the Temple family on 20 October 1784. His family derived their title from the

289: 2531:, who wished to make peace. However, Palmerston found the peace terms too soft on Russia and so persuaded 1823:, widow of Peter Leopold Louis Francis Nassau Clavering-Cowper, 5th Earl Cowper (1778–1837) and sister of 12556: 11712: 11686: 11666: 11062: 10520: 10127: 9723: 9261: 9143: 8710: 8350: 6415: 4117: 4108: 4099: 3960: 3945: 3910: 3873: 3864: 3389: 2640: 2628: 2518:

Palmerston took a hard line on the war; he wanted to expand the fighting, especially in the Baltic where

2453: 2252: 1820: 1648: 1623: 1339: 1168: 1106: 756: 111: 8019: 7669:

Rodkey, Frederick Stanley. "Lord Palmerston and the Rejuvenation of Turkey, 1830-41: Part II, 1839-41."

12789: 12507: 12198: 12138: 11207: 10426: 6412:

The American Civil War Through British Eyes Dispatches from British Diplomats: April 1862-February 1863

5082: 4080: 4007: 3855: 3784: 3625: 3484: 2952: 2892: 2468: 2073: 1792: 1392: 8059: 7219: 4974:

The Life of Henry John Temple Viscount Palmerston: With Selections from His Diaries and Correspondence

2228:("I am a citizen of Rome") speech. After this speech, Palmerston's popularity had never been greater. 1563:

and to prevent France doing likewise on the Nile. He regarded the maintenance of the authority of the

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Britain's China Policy and the Opium Crisis: Balancing Drugs, Violence and National Honour, 1833–1840

3959:

July 1855 – Sir William Molesworth succeeds Russell as Colonial Secretary. Molesworth's successor as

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ended after only four months on the death of the Prime Minister, and was followed by the ministry of

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tried to assassinate the French emperor with a bomb made in Britain, the French were outraged (see

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France had been a reluctant party to the treaty, and never executed its role in it with much zeal.

974: 19:"Lord Palmerston" and "The Viscount Palmerston" redirect here. For other holders of the title, see 9671: 7922:

Gladstone and Palmerston, being the Correspondence of Lord Palmerston with Mr. Gladstone 1851–1865

7751:

Steele, David. "Three British Prime Ministers and the Survival of the Ottoman Empire, 1855–1902."

6373:"Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years" 6355: 6152:

Gladstone and Palmerston, being the Correspondence of Lord Palmerston with Mr. Gladstone 1851–1865

6072: 5063: 4978: 2296:). It was regarded as impossible for them to form a government without Palmerston, so he was made 12737: 12679: 12477: 12218: 11957: 11832: 11817: 11812: 11802: 11792: 11782: 11635: 11222: 11202: 11187: 10372: 9851: 9841: 9826: 9816: 9408: 9394: 9380: 9366: 8918: 8678: 8612: 8329: 8203: 7583: 6901: 4161: 4104: 3869: 3760: 3678: 3465: 2774: 2593: 2148: 1936:

Palmerston's reputation as an interventionist and his unpopularity with the Queen were such that

1778: 1510: 1482: 981: 882: 681: 277: 7501:

Technology and the Mid-Victorian Royal Navy Ironclad: Royal Navy Crisis in the Age of Palmerston

7385:

Brown, David (2001). "The Power of Public Opinion: Palmerston and the Crisis of December 1851".

5799:

Brown, David (2001). "The power of public opinion: Palmerston and the crisis of December 1851".

5163:

The Origins of Christian Zionism: Lord Shaftesbury And Evangelical Support for a Jewish Homeland

3276:

As the exemplar of British nationalism, he was "the defining political personality of his age."

2106:

representative, was regarded with suspicion and resentment by every power in Europe, except the

1583:, a mutual assistance pact between Russia and the Ottomans, but was annoyed and hostile towards 1470: 1455: 12841: 12814: 12549: 12472: 12467: 12154: 11212: 11132: 9013: 7475:

Palmerston and The Times: Foreign Policy, the Press and Public Opinion in Mid-Victorian Britain

6646: 5601:

Palmerston and the Times: Foreign Policy, the Press and Public Opinion in Mid-Victorian Britain

5279:

Palmerston and The Times: foreign policy, the press and public opinion in mid-Victorian Britain

4049: 3941: 3701: 3217: 2747: 2545: 2528: 2139: 2128: 2107: 1945: 1812: 1769:

An entirely opposite British viewpoint was promoted by humanitarians and reformers such as the

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attacked Palmerston's foreign policy, the foreign minister responded to a five-hour speech by

12762: 12421: 12359: 12354: 12324: 12299: 12131: 11987: 10991: 10785: 8616: 8037: 7368:

Brown, David (2001). "Compelling but not Controlling?: Palmerston and the Press, 1846–1855".

7170: 7143: 7071: 7002: 6325: 5972: 5291:

Brown, David (2001). "Compelling but not Controlling?: Palmerston and the Press, 1846–1855".

5185:

Glenn Melancon, "Peaceful intentions: the first British trade commission in China, 1833–5."

4389: 3978: 3096: 2779: 2436: 2408: 2360: 2260: 2000: 1672: 1619: 1215: 484: 474: 121: 3200:

worsened, and when his doctor asked him if he believed in regeneration of the world through

2931:

In another letter to his foreign secretary, he predicted war between Britain and the Union:

12856: 12851: 12334: 12178: 11661: 11097: 9782: 9768: 8482: 8399: 7593:

The Triumph of Lord Palmerston: a study of public opinion in England before the Crimean War

4122: 3719:- Palmerston is portrayed early in the book series in opposition to American settlement of 3630: 3604: 3369: 3241: 3088: 3072: 2861: 2806: 2688: 2413: 2343: 2339: 2326: 2273: 1588: 1498: 1494: 1396: 1230: 949: 886: 831: 212: 90: 6290:

Eichhorn, Niels (2014). "The Intervention Crisis of 1862: A British Diplomatic Dilemma?".

3614:

Palmerston Street in Romsey, Hampshire; there is also a statue of him in the market place.

3546:, London & The Lord Palmerston Pub at the junction of Palmerston Road and Forest Road. 2110:. Even that was shortly afterwards to be alienated by Palmerston's attack on Greece. When 8: 13071: 12782: 12757: 12624: 12492: 12487: 12431: 12411: 12243: 11897: 11387: 9949: 9499: 8793: 8523: 8519: 8422: 7892:

The Letters of the Third Viscount Palmerston to Laurence and Elizabeth Sulivan. 1804–1863

7444:

Fenton, Laurence (2010). "Origins of Animosity: Lord Palmerston and The Times, 1830–41".

4667:

The Letters of the Third Viscount Palmerston to Laurence and Elizabeth Sulivan. 1804–1863

4265:

Dexter a lion reguardant poean sinister a horse reguardant Argent mane tail and hoofs Or.

3536: 3444: 3302: 3060: 2549: 2457: 2351: 2202: 2172: 2057: 2028: 1380: 1368: 1005: 862: 804: 20: 12349: 8067: 8047: 6066: 5057: 4972: 3434: 3067:, and had an alliance with Austria for this purpose. This was part of the longstanding 2197:

After a memorable debate on 17 June, Palmerston's policy was condemned by a vote of the

1075:, Palmerston was given the post of Junior Lord of the Admiralty in the ministry of the 12772: 12767: 11862: 10710: 9876: 9450: 8972: 8948: 8777: 8537: 8452: 7946: 7812: 7798: 7784: 7770: 7674: 7650: 7599: 7591: 7545: 7522: 7489: 7484:

Friedman, Isaiah. "Lord Palmerston and the protection of Jews in Palestine 1839-1851."

7461: 7417: 7398: 7335: 7301: 7293: 7255: 7233: 6307: 6274: 5812: 5728: 5510: 5308: 4618: 4606: 3710: 3682: 3654: 3265: 3253: 3170: 3052: 3044: 2888: 2853: 2819: 2723: 2692: 2652: 2585: 2573: 2440: 2430: 2417: 2347: 2033: 2008: 1918: 1724: 1660: 1502: 1376: 1021: 929: 917: 781: 616: 511: 7659:

Rodkey, Frederick Stanley. "Lord Palmerston and the rejuvenation of Turkey, 1830-41."

7627: 3421:

published a very readable memoir of Palmerston, one of his political heroes, in 1882.

2875:

at the beginning of the Civil War on 13 May 1861. The Confederacy was recognised as a

1889: 12747: 12742: 12674: 12451: 12436: 12183: 12123: 11902: 11787: 11772: 11757: 11732: 11707: 11682: 11671: 11417: 11292: 10987: 10832: 10775: 10515: 10480: 10470: 10456: 10227: 10064: 10019: 9999: 9969: 9821: 9811: 9801: 9791: 9786: 9718: 9576: 9541: 9520: 9506: 9373: 9359: 8808: 8626: 8587: 8312: 8275: 8258: 8183: 8156: 8129: 7963: 7609: 7465: 7434: 7325: 7305: 7262: 7223: 7176: 7149: 7077: 7035: 7008: 6981: 6907: 6335: 6311: 6226: 5918: 5732: 5645: 5605: 5502: 5206: 5166: 5115: 5086: 4395: 4058: 3949: 3674: 3646: 3349: 3314: 3213: 3056: 3048: 2822:, the British Ambassador to the United States was Palmerston's close friend and ally 2651:

and reinforcements to India. Palmerston also agreed to transfer the authority of the

2612: 2499: 2481: 2281: 2224: 2219: 2182: 2135: 2098: 2037: 1937: 1930: 1741: 1687: 1416: 1356: 1211: 1203: 1098: 953: 843: 835: 824: 591: 296: 169: 8074:

Edward J. Davies, "The Ancestry of Lord Palmerston", The Genealogist, 22(2008):62–77

7073:

Planet Simpson: How a Cartoon Masterpiece Documented an Era and Defined a Generation

6687: 5514: 3116:

said: "It is come to this, that the words of the Prime Minister of England [

1905:, Palmerston led a retired life, but he attacked with characteristic bitterness the 1736:

from India, which was banned in China. Britain responded with military force in the

12441: 12027: 11952: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11887: 11877: 11717: 11656: 11646: 11532: 11522: 11452: 11377: 11367: 11327: 11297: 10892: 10842: 10765: 10755: 10715: 10705: 10044: 9979: 9959: 9934: 9924: 9914: 9534: 9485: 9471: 9226: 9115: 8417: 8101: 7955:(4 vol. Pickering & Chatto. 2006) reprints 19 original pamphlets on Palmerston. 7870: 7725: 7640: 7453: 7394: 7373: 7285: 6299: 5808: 5720: 5666:"TREATY OF ADRIANOPLE—CHARGES AGAINST VISCOUNT PALMERSTON. (Hansard, 1 March 1848)" 5492: 5484: 5300: 4391:

The Making of Addiction: The 'Use and Abuse' of Opium in Nineteenth-Century Britain

4337: 4196:

April 1864 – Edward Cardwell succeeds the Duke of Newcastle as Colonial Secretary.

3750: 3732: 3512: 3494: 3487:

was previously named Palmerston in honour of the Viscount. A satellite city called

3473: 3451: 3418: 3256:), whose inheritance included a 10,000-acre (4,000-hectare) estate in the north of 2983: 2956: 2802: 2608: 2301: 1534: 1371:

gave a jolt to the settled European system that had been created in 1814–1815. The

1172: 1164: 1122: 808: 469: 443: 181: 11562: 7744: 7353: 6977:

World Historical Fiction: An Annotated Guide to Novels for Adults and Young Adults

5724: 12752: 12344: 12097: 12082: 11907: 11892: 11882: 11872: 11697: 11412: 11122: 10877: 10837: 10024: 9939: 9929: 9919: 9728: 9569: 9492: 9478: 9464: 9198: 7916: 7624:

International Relations of the Chinese Empire: The Period of Conflict: 1834-1860

7457: 6377: 6303: 6147: 5912: 5273:

Laurence Fenton, "Origins of Animosity: Lord Palmerston and The Times, 1830–41."

4515:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009, accessed 11 December 2010. 4208: 4043: 4020: 3819: 3797: 3564: 3455: 3376: 3307: 2988: 2979: 2967: 2944: 2094: 2053: 2016: 1844: 1831:, was widely believed to have been fathered by Palmerston. Palmerston resided at 1737: 1652: 1632: 1604: 1446: 1412: 1400: 1278: 1156: 6218: 5475:

Anbinder, Tyler (June 2001). "Lord Palmerston and the Irish famine emigration".

4226: 1570: 1426: 12997:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge

12696: 12446: 12416: 12259: 12213: 12107: 12087: 12077: 12067: 12057: 11842: 11827: 11727: 11604: 11537: 11482: 11477: 11467: 11462: 11162: 11041: 11036: 10950: 10907: 10897: 10695: 10545: 10525: 10451: 10114: 10089: 10079: 10069: 9984: 9974: 9964: 9944: 9881: 9871: 9856: 9733: 9513: 9429: 9240: 9182: 9066: 8987: 8860: 8821: 8553: 8533: 8448: 8384: 8210: 8073: 7953:

Lives of Victorian Political Figures Part 1: Palmerston, Disraeli and Gladstone

7729: 5037:

Franz Mehring. "Karl Marx. His life story". Moscow. Gospolitizdat. 1957. p. 264

3720: 3557: 3150: 3028: 3019:, as its construction was a breach of Britain's neutrality. Palmerston ordered 2993: 2982:

for the Confederate war effort. The U.S. accused Britain of being complicit in

2884: 2589: 2519: 2297: 2256: 2211: 2198: 2124: 1893: 1819:

In 1839, Palmerston married his mistress of many years, the noted Whig hostess

1679: 1664: 1656: 1610:

Despite his popular reputation he was hesitant in 1831 about aiding the Sultan

1584: 1546: 1459: 1404: 1297: 1199: 1152: 1118: 1110: 1087: 985: 934: 890: 866: 847: 816: 796: 479: 244: 157: 7714: 6207:

Lincoln in the World: The Making of a Statesman and the Dawn of American Power

5488: 5260:

John K. Derden, "The British Foreign Office and Policy Formation: The 1840s,"

4508: 4341: 3087:, the border with Schleswig. On 1 February 1864, the Prussian-Austrian armies 12835: 12636: 12588: 12572: 12502: 12497: 12482: 12072: 12007: 11852: 11542: 11402: 11317: 11267: 11257: 10955: 10912: 10902: 10862: 10094: 10074: 10059: 10009: 9994: 9909: 9899: 9894: 9618: 9604: 9562: 9548: 9443: 8997: 8957: 8938: 8608: 8572: 8558: 8002:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 645–649. 7989: 7984: 7409:(Southampton: Harrley Institute, 2007); pp. 203, 207; essays by scholars 5334: 3736: 3686: 3650: 3407: 3209: 3113: 2664: 2660: 2523: 2384: 2111: 2065: 2041: 1926: 1910: 1836: 1803: 1753: 1720: 1628: 1564: 1466: 1289: 1277:

finally passed Parliament in 1829 when Palmerston was in the opposition. The

1009: 989: 945: 906: 792: 410: 7903:(1970) Long introduction, +147 primary source documents, many by Palmerston. 7377: 5304: 3769: 2555: 2316:

Palmerston passed the Factory Act 1853, which removed loopholes in previous

12583: 12406: 12002: 11982: 11942: 11937: 11912: 11614: 11527: 11497: 11492: 11447: 11442: 11337: 10940: 10922: 10872: 10770: 10760: 10750: 10745: 10735: 10382: 10099: 10034: 10029: 10014: 10004: 9639: 9597: 9555: 9527: 9080: 7960:

Foundations of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902)

7339: 6897: 5506: 3756: 3727: 3694: 3662: 3641: 3477: 3469: 3257: 3221: 3205: 3201: 2908: 2835: 2632: 2548:

was signed on 30 March 1856. In April 1856 Palmerston was appointed to the

2532: 2317: 2241: 2215: 2186: 2178: 2004: 1863: 1832: 1745: 1716: 1384: 1136: 1135:

In a letter to a friend on 24 December 1807, he described the late Whig MP

1013: 938: 812: 580: 8038:"Archival material relating to Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston" 6720:

Norman Gash, ‘’The English Historical Review’’ (Jan. 1972) 87#342, p. 136

6269:

Kenneth Bourne, "British Preparations for War with the North, 1861–1862,"

3264:, on which his stepfather had commissioned the building of the incomplete 2627:

Lord Palmerston Addressing the House of Commons During the Debates on the

2280:

became Prime Minister (in office 19 December 1852 – 30 January 1855) in a

2222:

could walk the earth unmolested by any foreign power. This was the famous

1704: 12649: 12329: 12208: 12112: 11997: 11992: 11967: 11747: 11737: 11517: 11512: 11502: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11407: 11237: 11142: 11127: 10960: 10917: 10857: 10104: 10084: 9758: 9748: 9738: 9632: 9611: 9296: 9282: 9002: 8346: 7874: 7836: 7830:

Britain and the World, 1815–1986: A Dictionary of International relations

7510:

Golicz, Roman. "Napoleon III, Lord Palmerston and the Entente Cordiale."

6040:

Deadly Dreams: Opium, Imperialism, and the Arrow War (1856–1860) in China

3706: 3577: 3571: 3550: 3543: 3461: 3353: 3330: 3280: 3084: 3005: 2876: 2831: 2684: 2601: 2577: 2392: 2380: 2255:

being a "day-before-yesterday tomfoolery which the scatterbrain heads of

1902: 1785:

publicity, all the while stirring up British nationalism. He feuded with

1545:

that gave Greece its independence. However, from 1830 the defence of the

1445:

appealed to the great powers that had placed him on the throne after the

1431: 1222: 913: 851: 563: 7654: 7526: 5312: 3992: 3765:(2019); the series dramatises his turbulent period as foreign secretary. 3743:

that Palmerston was the greatest prime minister, with Boggs arguing for

12426: 12092: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12032: 11932: 11507: 11472: 11392: 10887: 10882: 10867: 10847: 10780: 10054: 10049: 9590: 9583: 8992: 7816: 7802: 7788: 7678: 7549: 7493: 7297: 7247: 7237: 7172:

The Routledge Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century, 1815-1914

7145:

The Routledge Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century, 1815-1914

7000: 5908: 5497: 5330: 3740: 3529: 3518: 3076: 3012: 2963: 2536: 2510: 2388: 2321: 1872: 1848: 1808: 1245: 1179: 1102: 993: 878: 820: 673: 632: 7774: 6871: 6721: 6278: 1311:, where he foresaw with great accuracy the impending overthrow of the 12203: 12188: 11972: 11867: 11857: 10945: 9886: 9625: 9457: 7242:

Bailey, Frank E. "The Economics of British Foreign Policy, 1825-50."

5111: 5059:

The life and correspondence of Henry John Temple, viscount Palmerston

3501: 3412:

The Life and Correspondence of Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston

3357: 2760: 2581: 2426: 2422: 2399: 2398:

In May 1853, the Russians threatened to invade the principalities of

1922: 1787: 1762: 1709: 1611: 1600: 1592: 1559:

His two great aims were to prevent Russia establishing itself on the

1226: 7698:'The Most English Minister': the Policies and Politics of Palmerston 7534:

Peace, War and party politics: the Conservatives and Europe, 1846–59

2830:, with whom he had vehemently advocated increased aggression in the 1315:. On 1 June 1829 he made his first great speech on foreign affairs. 1147: 1008:

on 17 April 1802, before he had turned 18. He also inherited a vast

12512: 9701: 7564:

Kingston, Klari. "Gunboat Liberalism? Palmerston, Europe and 1848"

7289: 3522: 3406:, volumes I and II (1870), volume III edited and partly written by 2879:

but it was too premature to recognise it as a sovereign state. The

2403: 2285: 2244:– who had been elected President of France in 1848 – carried out a 2069: 1770: 1560: 1114: 780:

in 1830, and became the first prime minister from the newly formed

7983:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

7724:. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7360:

Brown, David. "Palmerston and Anglo–French Relations, 1846–1865."

6571:

V. N. Vinogradov (2006). "Lord Palmerston in European diplomacy".

4809:

Klari Kingston, "Gunboat Liberalism? Palmerston, Europe and 1848"

3774: 3392:, that only three people had ever understood the problem: one was 2974:

The long-term issue between Britain and the United States was the

2718:

codified and reformed the law, and was part of a wider process of

2467:

to accept the premiership. Derby offered Palmerston the office of

2338:

Palmerston reduced the period in which prisoners could be held in

1740:, 1839–1842, which ended in a decisive British victory. Under the 1052:

In February 1806, Palmerston was defeated in the election for the

901: 881:

was questioned and denounced by other prominent statesmen such as

8604: 8014: 5670: 5430:

David Brown, "Palmerston and Anglo–French Relations, 1846–1865,"

5262:

Proceedings & Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians

3608: 3598: 3591: 3261: 2865: 2191: 2101:, was defeated by the joint army of Austrian and Russian forces. 1852: 1528: 1522: 1408: 1017: 961: 957: 921: 839: 12541: 9043: 7755:

50.1 (2014): 43-60. Covers Palmerston, Gladstone, and Salisbury.

7228:

Bell, Herbert C. "Palmerston and Parliamentary Representation."

6327:

Lincoln, Seward, and U.S. Foreign Relations in the Civil War Era

2991:, even though the South was still part of the U.S. (as ruled in 1036:

After war was declared on France in 1803, Palmerston joined the

861:

Palmerston masterfully controlled public opinion by stimulating

6654: 3981:, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, enters the Cabinet. 3505: 3196: 3166: 2305: 846:

be foreign secretary, forcing Palmerston to take the office of

807:

in 1802. He became a Tory MP in 1807. From 1809 to 1828 he was

5529:"In Famine's footsteps: trail of death leads to Skeleton Park" 2572:, and in the process, according to the local British official 2502:

for the first time since Palmerston has surpassed his record.

2325:

the Industrial Revolution. He also oversaw the passage of the

1940:'s attempt in December 1845 to form a ministry failed because 1859:

would live to eat the fruit, or sit together under the shade.

1647:

Palmerston, irritated at France's Egyptian policy, signed the

1541:

he had energetically supported the Greek cause and backed the

12992:

Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies

6219:

Thomas Paterson; J. Garry Clifford; Shane J. Maddock (2009).

4428:

Davies, Edward J. (2008). "The Ancestry of Lord Palmerston".

4376:

Modern British Foreign Policy: The Nineteenth Century 1814–80

4193:

becomes Secretary for War following Sir George Lewis's death.

3584: 2751: 2563: 1914: 1308: 13002:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Tiverton

7807:

Weber, Frank G. "Palmerston and Prussian Liberalism, 1848."

7517:

Henderson, Gavin B. "The Foreign Policy of Lord Palmerston"

6709:

The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain

3454:

in Eastern Ontario, now part of the amalgamated township of

2463:

Queen Victoria deeply distrusted Palmerston and first asked

7715:"Temple, Henry John, third Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865)" 7540:

Hickson, G. F. "Palmerston and the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty".

7100:"Palmerston the cat arrives for work at the Foreign Office" 6662: 5008: 4509:

Temple, Henry John, third Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865)

4220:

Coat of arms of Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

3064: 2797:

had created an invasion scare and Palmerston established a

2576:, insulted the British flag. When the Chinese Commissioner 2117: 1465:

The British policy which emerged was a close alliance with

7841:

The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 1783–1919

5746: 5744: 5742: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4200:

succeeds Cardwell as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

7793:

Vereté, Mayir. "Palmerston and the Levant Crisis, 1832."

3770:

Palmerston's First Cabinet, February 1855 – February 1858

3283:

endorses Jasper Ridley's characterisation of Palmerston:

3124: 3118: 2947:'s announcement in September 1862 that he would issue an 2231: 1214:

advocating and applying the doctrines of free trade, and

1167:, who formed his government in 1809, asked him to become 811:, organising the finances of the army. He first attained 7765:

Taylor, Antony. "Palmerston and Radicalism, 1847-1865."

7687:

Britain in Europe, 1789–1914: A survey of foreign policy

7057:

Wagons West: The Epic Story of America's Overland Trails

5055: 4913:

Fishman, J. S. (1971). "The London Conference of 1830".

3379:

has summarised his career by emphasising the paradoxes:

1028:(1803–1806). As a nobleman, he was entitled to take his 8060:

Portraits of Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

7573:

Nineteenth Century British Premieres: Pitt to Roseberry

6184:

Lord Lyons: A Diplomat in an Age of Nationalism and War

5739: 4985: 4882: 4880: 4698: 4535:"Palmerston, Henry John (Temple), Viscount (PLMN803HJ)" 3195:

Palmerston enjoyed robust health in old age, living at

2292:

taking the role of Foreign Secretary and Leader of the

1875:. Theirs was one of the great marriages of the century. 764:, was a British statesman and politician who was twice 12153: 8813: 8054:

Papers of Henry John Temple, third Viscount Palmerston

7645:

Roberts, David. "Lord Palmerston at the home office."

7350:

Palmerston and the politics of foreign policy, 1846-55

6932:

Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 56

6844:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968), p. 281. 4286:

History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom

1795:, which did not play along with his propaganda ploys. 1567:

as the chief barrier against both these developments.

13057:

Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

5458:"Remembering 20,000 Famine refugees who died in 1847" 5376:

We Two: Victoria and Albert: Rulers, Partners, Rivals

4684:

Nineteenth Century British Premiers: Pitt to Rosebery

3993:

Palmerston's Second Cabinet, June 1859 – October 1865

3122:], uttered in the Parliament of England [ 2799:

Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom

2052:

No state was regarded by him with more aversion than

1488: 8726:

James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie

6205:

Kevin Peraino, "Lincoln vs. Palmerston" in Peraino,

5641:

A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People?: England 1783-1846

4877: 2568:

In October 1856, the Chinese seized the pirate ship

1047: 984:(1800–1803), where he learnt political economy from 13067:

Liberal Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom

11592: 5413: 5391:(W. W. Norton and Co.: New York, 1997) pp. 538–565. 5329:, 'Temple, Emily'. Palmerston left his family seat 4970: 3629:– Early in this historical novel, Palmerston sends 2395:as a warning to Russia. He was overruled, however. 2342:from eighteen months to nine months. He also ended 13012:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 12862:19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom 8753:Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 8743:Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 8194:Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 8020:contributions in Parliament by Viscount Palmerston 7713: 7590: 7257:The foreign policy of Victorian England, 1830–1902 7254: 7098: 7001:Steffen Hantke; Agnieszka Soltysik Monnet (2015). 6903:Choose Your Weapons: The British Foreign Secretary 6831:(London: Book Club Associates, 1981), pp. 106–107. 6777: 6775: 6773: 6673: 6671: 6633: 6631: 6505: 6503: 6445: 6443: 5362:Famous English Statesmen of Queen Victoria's Reign 4026:Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 3956:succeeds Wood as President of the Board of Control 3925:Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 3368:they suspected the vessels were being used in the 3292:Historian Algernon Cecil summed up his greatness: 1004:Henry Temple succeeded his father to the title of 12907:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies 8027:biography from the Liberal Democrat History Group 6460:The Foreign Policy-of Victorian England 1830–1902 5845: 5843: 5833: 5831: 3713:meets a young Palmerston on returning to England. 3567:, Palmerston's constituency, are named after him. 3297:patriotic effrontry that has never been excelled. 2754:to an African ruler who is bowing down before her 2064:, and even allowed arms to be sent them from the 2022: 1086:Palmerston entered Parliament as Tory MP for the 823:, he resigned from office one year later. He was 12887:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs 12833: 12728:Mathematics, science, technology and engineering 8851: 6973: 6842:Smuts. Volume II: The Fields of Force. 1919–1950 6570: 5076: 3424: 1269:office, Palmerston found himself in opposition. 1001:or one possessed of more amiable dispositions." 9703:Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom 8358:Member of Parliament for Newport, Isle of Wight 7915: 7424:British Foreign Policy in the Age of Palmerston 6770: 6668: 6628: 6500: 6493:Stephen Cooper, "Dreadnoughts without Wheels," 6440: 5597: 4471: 4469: 4414:Joshua Ehrlich, "Anxiety, Chaos, and the Raj." 4387: 4017:John Campbell, 1st Baron Campbell of St Andrews 2813: 2072:. Although he had endeavoured to restrain King 1955: 1349: 893:, and the United States proved more ephemeral. 7943:The Lieven Palmerston Correspondence 1828-1856 7901:Foreign Policy of Victorian England, 1830-1902 6853:J. R. Oldfield, "Palmerston and Anti-Slavery" 6175: 5840: 5828: 5333:to her fourth, but 2nd surviving son Rt. Hon. 5198: 4096:Edward Adolphus Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset 3657:in which Great Britain allies itself with the 2801:which reported in 1860. It recommended a huge 2768: 2514:Lord Palmerston, c. 1855 by Francis Cruikshank 1829:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury 1529:Balkans and Near East: defending Turkey, 1830s 1142: 870:the royal role in determining foreign policy. 768:in the mid-19th century. Palmerston dominated 760:(20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865), known as 12557: 12139: 11578: 11019: 10434: 9687: 9029: 8837: 8407:Member of Parliament for Cambridge University 7859:"Lord Palmerston and religion: a reappraisal" 7096: 7027: 6360:. Naval Operations Office. 1966. p. 114. 6222:American Foreign Relations: A History to 1920 4173:Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley 4168:(Milner-Gibson remains at the Board of Trade) 3889:Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley 3208:, the Cabinet insisted that he should have a 3139:in August, Palmerston told his constituents: 2471:, which he accepted under the condition that 13042:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 12892:Secretaries of State for the Home Department 8232:George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen 8177:George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen 8167:George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen 8123:George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen 7069: 7054: 6391: 5364:. Boston: C.J. Peter's and Sons. p. 85. 4466: 3597:Palmerston Road and Palmerston Park in east 3563:Palmerston Park and the Palmerston Hotel in 3169:violence in Ireland. Palmerston ordered the 2978:loaded with British arms or construction of 2703: 2487: 2267: 2181:, a Gibraltarian merchant living in Athens, 1294:Statue of Lord Palmerston, Parliament Square 795:(which did not entitle him to a seat in the 397:22 November 1830 – 15 November 1834 12702:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 8095:Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville 7994:Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount 7823:The Foreign Policy of Palmerston. 1830-1841 6564: 5637: 5165:. Cambridge University Press. p. 380. 4381: 4068:Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle 4040:George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll 3986:Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde 3816:George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll 3803:Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 3633:on a mission to India. It happens that the 3525:'s main shopping precinct, Palmerston Road. 3491:was established adjacent to Darwin in 1971. 2899:in July 1861, but 15 months later he felt: 2758:Some people called Palmerston a womaniser; 2007:tenants for non-payment of rent during the 1252:hastened to include Palmerston, Huskisson, 1163:Palmerston's speech was so successful that 1079:. He stood again for the Cambridge seat in 912:Henry John Temple was born in his family's 257:28 December 1852 – 6 February 1855 194:6 February 1855 – 19 February 1858 12847:Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston 12564: 12550: 12146: 12132: 11585: 11571: 11026: 11012: 10441: 10427: 9694: 9680: 9036: 9022: 8844: 8830: 8066: 8046: 7168: 7141: 6951:. Southampton City Council. Archived from 6370: 6181: 4336:. Cambridge University Press: 1–27. 1979. 4054:Secretary of State for the Home Department 3829:Secretary of State for the Home Department 3778:Palmerston addressing the House of Commons 3404:Henry Bulwer, 1st Baron Dalling and Bulwer 3245:appeared. He did not do himself justice." 2639:After the election, Palmerston passed the 2564:Arrow controversy and the Second Opium War 2535:to break off the peace negotiations until 2060:. He supported the Sicilians against King 1744:, China paid an indemnity and opened five 1454:other, many Belgian revolutionaries, like 731:Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston 120: 10457:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom 7925:. London: Victor Gollancz. Archived from 7695: 6651:Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey 6071:. Longmans, Green, and Company. pp. 5974:The Great Rivalry: Gladstone and Disraeli 5496: 5417:The life and times of viscount Palmerston 5105: 4730:REPEAL OF THE TEST AND CORPORATION ACTS. 4533: 4291:Foreign policy of William Ewart Gladstone 4271:Flecti Non Frangi (To Be Bent Not Broken) 4182:succeeds Lord Campbell as Lord Chancellor 4175:succeeds Lord Elgin as Postmaster-General 3970:succeeds Molesworth as Colonial Secretary 2505: 2484:on 4 February 1855 to form a government. 2080: 1963: 1693: 1533:Palmerston was greatly interested by the 352:18 April 1835 – 2 September 1841 72:Learn how and when to remove this message 8502:Member of Parliament for Hampshire South 8286:Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby 8249:Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby 8150:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 8140:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 7988: 7962:(1938), primary sources pp. 88–304 7958:Temperley, Harold and L.M. Penson, eds. 7853:(2006). Chapters 1 to 4, pp. 15–92; 6289: 6256: 6254: 6244: 6242: 6154:(London: Victor Gollancz, 1928), p. 279. 6064: 6025: 6023: 5914:Historical Dictionary of the Crimean War 5750: 5474: 5012: 4732:HC Deb 26 February 1828 vol 18 cc676-781 4717: 4253:A talbot sejant Sable plain collared Or. 3996: 3773: 3685:in which Great Britain invades both the 3560:, London, NW5 is named after Palmerston. 3549:Palmerston Road and Palmerston Grove in 3433: 3095:where the war would be fought. In April 2962: 2818:During the advent and occurrence of the 2750:looking on as Queen Victoria presents a 2737: 2670: 2622: 2554: 2509: 2435: 2118:Royal and parliamentary reaction to 1848 1973: 1879: 1802: 1703: 1569: 1425: 1288: 1284: 1146: 988:, a friend of the Scottish philosophers 900: 896: 645: 7951:Partridge, Michael, and Richard Gaunt. 7906: 7894:. London: The Royal Historical Society. 7721:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7557:The Mid-Victorian Generation, 1846–1886 6829:Winston Churchill. The Wilderness Years 5970: 4912: 4513:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4503: 4501: 4499: 4394:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 66. 2860:. Although a professed opponent of the 2047: 309:6 July 1846 – 26 December 1851 149:12 June 1859 – 18 October 1865 13022:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge 12834: 12391:Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act 1848 11042:Home Secretaries of the United Kingdom 10464:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 7889: 7856: 7711: 7632: 7588: 7554: 7498: 7472: 7443: 7316:(Winter 2002) 76:33–35; historiography 7275: 7252: 7076:. Random House of Canada. p. 75. 6734:British Foreign Secretaries, 1807–1916 5907: 5359: 4427: 4303:Timeline of British diplomatic history 4198:George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon 4063:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 3838:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 3834:George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon 3618: 3400:The Life of Lord Palmerston up to 1847 2655:to the Crown. This was enacted in the 2383:of 1853–1856. One of his biographers, 2232:Crossing the Queen and resigning, 1851 2190:government, and blockaded the port of 2166: 1756:, outlines the government's position: 1712:from the surrounding heights, May 1841 1521:was accused of secretly favouring the 1493:In 1833 and 1834, the youthful Queens 819:became prime minister, but like other 13017:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh 12545: 12239:List of memorials to the Great Famine 12127: 11566: 11007: 10980:Category:British Secretaries of State 10422: 9675: 9045:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom 9017: 8825: 8812: 8787:Henry Temple, 2nd Viscount Palmerston 8474:Member of Parliament for Bletchingley 8079: 7762:(July 1951) 1#7 pp. 35–41 online 7531: 7414:British Foreign Secretaries 1807-1916 7384: 7367: 7319: 6273:Vol 76 No 301 (Oct 1961) pp. 600–632 6251: 6239: 6020: 5798: 5710: 5290: 5160: 5154: 5108:England and the Near East: The Crimea 5077:Al-Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (1984). 4001:Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston 3988:succeeds Harrowby as Lord Privy Seal. 3521:are named after Palmerston – notably 3450:The former township of Palmerston in 2856:(1861–65) were with the secessionist 2841: 2726:was the basis of modern company law. 1839:, his wife's inheritance. His London 1407:, while the northern powers (Russia, 973:shook hands with the prime minister, 926:Henry Temple, 2nd Viscount Palmerston 799:, leaving him eligible to sit in the 13027:Rectors of the University of Glasgow 10934:Commonwealth and Development Affairs 8293:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 8239:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 7706:Palmerston and Liberalism, 1855–1865 7405:Brown, David and Miles Taylor, eds. 7111:from the original on 12 January 2022 7004:War Gothic in Literature and Culture 6896: 6883:A. J. P. Taylor, "Lord Palmerston," 6765:Palmerston and Liberalism, 1855–1865 4599: 4496: 4140:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 3902:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 3556:The Lord Palmerston public house in 3438:Palmerston's Memorial in Southampton 3156: 2716:Offences against the Person Act 1861 2391:should join the French fleet in the 2201:. The House of Commons was moved by 1825:William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne 1307:, and he had made several visits to 1054:University of Cambridge constituency 766:prime minister of the United Kingdom 137:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 25: 8701:Rector of the University of Glasgow 8650:Leader of the British Liberal Party 8243:6 February 1855 – 19 February 1858 7851:A Companion to 19th-Century Britain 7758:Taylor, A. J. P. "Lord Palmerston" 7354:online dissertation version of 1998 7131:"Laurence Fox is Palmerston" (2019) 6767:(Cambridge University Press, 1991). 6292:American Nineteenth Century History 6109:A Companion to 19th-Century Britain 4901:British History in the 19th Century 4785:British History in the 19th Century 4298:International relations (1814–1919) 4180:Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury 4072:Secretary of State for the Colonies 3907:Sir William Molesworth, 8th Baronet 3847:Secretary of State for the Colonies 3759:portrays Palmerston in series 3 of 3135:In a speech at his constituency at 2848:Diplomacy of the American Civil War 2206:administration of foreign affairs. 1719:restricted outside trade under the 1574:Palmerston (age 50), c. 1830s–1840s 1094:on the Isle of Wight in June 1807. 1024:on this estate. Palmerston went to 16:19th-century British prime minister 13: 12155:Great Hunger in Ireland, 1845–1852 8814:Lord Palmerston navigational boxes 7883: 7431:Palmerston. 'The People's Darling' 7399:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2001.tb00381.x 6394:"The Confederate Blockade Runners" 5977:. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 98. 5813:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2001.tb00381.x 5277:16.4 (2010): pp. 365–378; Fenton, 5247:May Caroline Chan, "Canton, 1857" 5079:Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali 4225: 3898:Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby 2918:and seized two Confederate envoys 2003:, Palmerston evicted 2,000 of his 1591:, running the Russian blockade of 1489:France, Spain, and Portugal, 1830s 1241:, which barely survived the year. 14: 13103: 12882:Leaders of the Liberal Party (UK) 12571: 12234:National Famine Commemoration Day 8770:Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden 8595:Leaders of the British Whig Party 8545:Member of Parliament for Tiverton 8064:National Portrait Gallery, London 8007: 7689:(1937) pp. 241–300, 400–63. 6225:. Cengage Learning. p. 149. 5337:(24 July 1836 – 15 November 1907) 5056:Anthony Evelyn M. Ashley (1879). 4205:Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth 3916:Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning 3884:President of the Board of Control 3794:Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth 2729: 1373:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1362: 1048:Early political career: 1806–1809 456:November 1809 – May 1828 13032:People educated at Harrow School 13007:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports 12810: 12809: 12526: 12525: 11551: 11035: 10986: 10975: 10974: 10809: 10450: 9655: 9654: 8338:Parliament of the United Kingdom 7976: 7969: 7521:22#88 (1938), pp. 335–344, 7312:Brown, David. "Lord Palmerston" 7189: 7162: 7135: 7123: 7090: 7063: 7048: 7021: 6994: 6967: 6937: 6920: 6890: 6877: 6860: 6847: 6834: 6821: 6805: 6796: 6784: 6757: 6748: 6739: 6726: 6714: 6701: 6680: 6640: 6615: 6606: 6597: 6588: 6551: 6538: 6525: 6512: 6487: 6474: 6465: 6452: 6431: 6422: 6404: 6385: 6364: 6348: 6318: 6283: 6263: 6212: 6199: 6190: 6166: 6157: 6141: 6132: 6123: 6114: 6101: 6092: 6087:Readers Guide to British History 6079: 6058: 6045: 6032: 6007: 5994: 5981: 5964: 5955: 5942: 5901: 5888: 5879: 5870: 5861: 4240: 4234: 3673:– Palmerston is featured in the 3645:– Palmerston is featured in the 3325:became foreign secretary in the 2881:United States Secretary of State 2659:. After the Italian republican 2631:in February 1860, as painted by 2311: 2274:Conservative minority government 2062:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies 699: 30: 12872:19th-century Anglo-Irish people 12867:18th-century Anglo-Irish people 11594:Leaders of the House of Commons 10932:Secretary of State for Foreign, 8733:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 8297:12 June 1859 – 18 October 1865 7561:, wide-ranging scholarly survey 7207: 7097:Helena Horton (13 April 2016). 6561:(Batchworth Press, 1954) p. 332 6544:'Lord Palmerston at Tiverton', 6357:Civil War Chronology, 1861-1865 5852: 5819: 5792: 5783: 5774: 5765: 5756: 5704: 5695: 5686: 5671:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5658: 5631: 5618: 5604:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 119–20. 5591: 5578: 5565: 5552: 5539: 5521: 5468: 5450: 5437: 5424: 5407: 5394: 5381: 5368: 5353: 5340: 5319: 5284: 5267: 5254: 5241: 5232: 5219: 5192: 5179: 5141: 5128: 5099: 5070: 5049: 5040: 5031: 5018: 4964: 4951: 4938: 4925: 4906: 4893: 4864: 4851: 4838: 4825: 4816: 4803: 4790: 4777: 4764: 4755: 4746: 4737: 4723: 4689: 4676: 4659: 4646: 4637: 4624: 4590: 4581: 4572: 4563: 4554: 4545: 4527: 4518: 4487: 4478: 4166:President of the Poor Law Board 4127:President of the Board of Trade 3893:President of the Board of Trade 3665:at the direction of Palmerston. 3417:The popular Victorian novelist 3011:, built in the British port of 2852:Palmerston's sympathies in the 2450:Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) 2333: 1994: 1970:Affair of the Spanish Marriages 1651:of 15 July 1840 in London with 1603:, who stated "from the time of 641: 12711:Economy, society and knowledge 12376:Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838 12194:Chronology of the Great Famine 12174:History of Ireland (1801–1923) 10819:Secretary of State for Foreign 8694:James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin 8660:John Russell, 1st Earl Russell 8320:Leader of the House of Commons 8303:John Russell, 1st Earl Russell 8266:Leader of the House of Commons 8033:on the Downing Street website. 8031:More about Viscount Palmerston 7907:Francis, George Henry (1852). 7544:3#3 (1931), pp. 295–303. 7536:. Manchester University Press. 4453: 4440: 4421: 4408: 4368: 4355: 4315: 4145:James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin 4012:Leader of the House of Commons 3789:Leader of the House of Commons 2824:Richard Lyons, 2nd Baron Lyons 2618: 2374: 2023:Support for revolutions abroad 1275:Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 1248:remained influential, and the 1208:Leader of the House of Commons 1: 12987:UK MPs who inherited peerages 12386:Irish Poor Law Extension Acts 8669:Liberal Leader in the Commons 8025:Viscount Palmerston 1784–1865 7175:. Routledge. pp. 46–47. 6398:United States Naval Institute 6334:. 5 April 2019. p. 162. 6271:The English Historical Review 6186:. McGill-Queen’s Press, 2014. 5725:10.1080/07075332.2004.9641038 4915:Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 4308: 4030:Lord President of the Council 3940:Later in February 1855 – Sir 3861:Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet 3807:Lord President of the Council 3425:Places named after Palmerston 3163:general election in July 1865 2891:because he was convinced the 2858:Confederate States of America 2828:Edmund Lyons, 1st Baron Lyons 2710:Liberal government, 1859–1866 2350:for prisoners by passing the 2001:Anglo-Irish absentee landlord 1700:Destruction of opium at Humen 1117:had recently agreed with the 941:in the northwest of Ireland. 920:, although he rarely visited 13062:Fellows of the Royal Society 13052:Burials at Westminster Abbey 12723:Economy, industry, and trade 8934:Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman 8853:Leaders of the Liberal Party 8056:. University of Southampton. 7781:Cambridge Historical Journal 7745:UK public library membership 7555:Hoppen, K. Theodore (1998). 7542:Cambridge Historical Journal 7458:10.1080/13688804.2010.507473 7422:Chamberlain, Muriel Evelyn. 6623:Disraeli: A Personal History 6332:University Press of Kentucky 6304:10.1080/14664658.2014.959819 5713:International History Review 5547:Britain in Europe: 1789-1914 5414:James Ewing Ritchie (1866). 5136:Britain in Europe: 1789-1914 4971:Henry Lytton Bulwer (1871). 4959:Britain in Europe: 1789-1914 4833:Britain in Europe: 1789-1914 4154: 4136:Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet 4091:Secretary of State for India 4034:Leader of the House of Lords 3825:Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet 3811:Leader of the House of Lords 2814:Relationship with Lord Lyons 2795:French intervention in Italy 2695:was formed. The Queen asked 2657:Government of India Act 1858 2367:Palmerston strongly opposed 2040:, and deeply hostile to the 1956:Foreign Secretary: 1846–1851 1635:against the Turkish forces. 1449:to maintain his rights. The 1443:William I of the Netherlands 1350:Foreign Secretary: 1830–1841 1026:St John's College, Cambridge 905:Temple (age 18) in 1802, by 687:St John's College, Cambridge 7: 12877:People of the Victorian era 11636:Vacant (caretaker ministry) 8711:John Inglis, Lord Glencorse 7712:Steele, David (May 2009) . 7407:Palmerston Studies I and II 7034:. eNet Press. p. 204. 6416:Kent State University Press 6392:Paul Hendren (April 1933). 6371:David Keys (24 June 2014). 5644:. OUP Oxford. p. 247. 5434:(Dec 2006) 17#4 pp. 675–692 5432:Diplomacy & Statecraft, 5106:Temperley, Harold (2018) . 5062:. Richard Bentley. p. 4977:. Richard Bentley. p. 4539:A Cambridge Alumni Database 4279: 4118:Chief Secretary for Ireland 4109:Chancellor of the Exchequer 4100:First Lord of the Admiralty 3961:First Commissioner of Works 3946:Chancellor of the Exchequer 3911:First Commissioner of Works 3874:Chancellor of the Exchequer 3865:First Lord of the Admiralty 3069:Schleswig–Holstein question 3055:and the neighboring German 3051:wanted to annex the Danish 2953:overthrow of the Greek king 2803:programme of fortifications 2769:Relationship with Gladstone 2641:Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 2454:Charge of the Light Brigade 2253:French Constitution of 1848 1811:, then Countess Cowper, by 1798: 1281:passed Parliament in 1832. 1169:Chancellor of the Exchequer 1143:Secretary at War: 1809–1828 10: 13108: 12508:Irish National Land League 12229:Legacy of the Great Famine 12199:British Relief Association 8634:Whig Leader in the Commons 8415:Sir Vicary Gibbs 1811–1812 8382:Sir Leonard Worsley-Holmes 7767:Journal of British Studies 7696:Southgate, Donald (1966). 7499:Fuller, Howard J. (2014). 6980:. Greenwood. p. 224. 6584:(in Russian) (5): 182–209. 6557:William Baring Pemberton, 6497:(Aug 2014) 64#8 pp. 16-17. 6002:The Crimean War: A History 5083:Cambridge University Press 4541:. University of Cambridge. 4207:succeeds Lord Westbury as 4164:succeeds Milner-Gibson as 4081:Secretary of State for War 4008:First Lord of the Treasury 3934: 3929:Minister without Portfolio 3856:Secretary of State for War 3785:First Lord of the Treasury 3626:Flashman in the Great Game 3063:, chiefly for its port of 3038: 2976:supply of blockade runners 2970:depicting Palmerston, 1863 2873:proclamation of neutrality 2845: 2720:consolidating criminal law 2707: 2491: 2469:Secretary of State for War 2170: 2163:remarkably inept Cabinet. 2074:Charles Albert of Sardinia 1967: 1886:Melbourne's administration 1697: 1437: 18: 12800: 12710: 12685:The Marquess of Salisbury 12597: 12579: 12521: 12460: 12399: 12381:Temporary Relief Act 1847 12368: 12252: 12224:Encumbered Estates' Court 12161: 11600: 11549: 11048: 10969: 10931: 10818: 10807: 10463: 10353:Alexander of Hillsborough 10338:5th Marquess of Salisbury 10308:4th Marquess of Salisbury 10283:5th Marquess of Lansdowne 10258:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 10243:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 10233:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 10178:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 10168:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 10143:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 10133:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 10113: 9709: 9649: 9181: 9056: 8947: 8903: 8859: 8819: 8791: 8783: 8776: 8766: 8757: 8749: 8739: 8730: 8722: 8717: 8707: 8698: 8690: 8685: 8675: 8666: 8656: 8647: 8642: 8631: 8623: 8601: 8592: 8584: 8579: 8564: 8542: 8530: 8516: 8499: 8494: 8471: 8459: 8445: 8435:Nicholas Conyngham Tindal 8404: 8391: 8379: 8355: 8343: 8336: 8326: 8317: 8309: 8299: 8290: 8282: 8272: 8263: 8255: 8245: 8236: 8228: 8217: 8208: 8200: 8190: 8181: 8173: 8163: 8154: 8146: 8136: 8127: 8119: 8108: 8099: 8091: 8086: 7911:. London: Colburn and Co. 7863:English Historical Review 7809:Journal of Modern History 7795:Journal of Modern History 7671:Journal of Modern History 7661:Journal of Modern History 7606:History of Modern England 7589:Martin, Kingsley (1963). 7473:Fenton, Laurence (2013). 7416:(1927) pp. 131–226. 7278:Journal of Modern History 7244:Journal of Modern History 7230:Journal of Modern History 7148:. Routledge. p. 46. 7059:. Open Road. p. 122. 7007:. Routledge. p. 48. 6974:Lynda G. Adamson (1999). 6868:English historical review 6793:(10 November 1865), p. 7. 5489:10.1017/S0018246X01001844 5189:73.180 (2000): pp. 33-47. 4342:10.1017/S006869050000338X 3670:Stars and Stripes trilogy 3607:and Palmerston Avenue in 3271: 3105:London Conference of 1864 3035:Confederacy was offered. 2949:Emancipation Proclamation 2704:Prime Minister: 1859–1865 2598:election of 1857 followed 2494:First Palmerston ministry 2488:Prime Minister: 1855–1858 2268:Home Secretary: 1852–1855 2091:1848 war for independence 1752:Palmerston's biographer, 1581:Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi 1539:Greek War of Independence 1451:London Conference of 1830 1305:Greek War of Independence 724: 707: 695: 672: 655: 626: 597: 587: 570: 546: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 505: 493: 460: 449: 442: 432: 422: 401: 390: 380: 368: 356: 345: 333: 323: 313: 302: 295: 283: 271: 261: 250: 243: 239: 232: 228: 218: 206: 198: 187: 175: 163: 153: 142: 135: 131: 119: 88: 12169:Irish Famine (1740–1741) 10821:and Commonwealth Affairs 9130:Chatham (Pitt the Elder) 8580:Party political offices 7890:Bourne, Kenneth (1979). 7825:(2v. 1951) a major study 7532:Hicks, Geoffrey (2007). 7362:Diplomacy and Statecraft 7253:Bourne, Kenneth (1970). 6887:Jan 1991, Vol. 41#1 p. 1 6484:(1936) 2: pp. 9–10, 364. 5598:Laurence Fenton (2012). 5573:Lord Palmerston - Vol. 1 4671:Royal Historical Society 4388:Louise Foxcroft (2013). 3635:Indian rebellion of 1857 3535:Palmerston Place in the 3327:Third Gladstone ministry 3190: 2897:First Battle of Bull Run 2786:When in May 1864 the MP 2773:Although Palmerston and 2645:Indian Rebellion of 1857 2272:After a brief period of 1907:Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1543:Treaty of Constantinople 1430:Statue of Palmerston in 1403:was in arms against the 1375:was rent in half by the 1327:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1067:Due to the patronage of 975:William Pitt the Younger 583:, Hertfordshire, England 44:may need to be rewritten 13047:People from Westminster 12680:William Ewart Gladstone 12670:The Viscount Palmerston 12478:European Potato Failure 12315:Marquess of Clanricarde 12280:Marquess of Londonderry 12219:Young Ireland rebellion 9374:Disraeli (Beaconsfield) 8919:William Ewart Gladstone 8914:The Viscount Palmerston 8760:Senior Privy Counsellor 8679:William Ewart Gladstone 8613:Independent Irish Party 8489:Constituency abolished 8330:William Ewart Gladstone 8204:Spencer Horatio Walpole 7999:Encyclopædia Britannica 7633:Ridley, Jasper (1970). 7575:(2008) pp. 245–65. 7378:10.1111/1468-229X.00176 7372:. 86#201 (281): 41–61. 6870:80.317 (1965): 761-784 6548:(24 August 1864), p. 9. 5402:Palmerston: A Biography 5348:Palmerston: A Biography 5335:Evelyn Melbourne Ashley 5305:10.1111/1468-229x.00176 5251:(2010), 36#1 pp. 31-35. 5199:Glenn Melancon (2003). 5026:Palmerston: A Biography 4948:(London 1961) pp. 254-5 4859:Palmerston: A Biography 4798:Palmerston: A Biography 4632:Palmerston: a biography 4463:(1970) pp. 3-4, 32, 90. 4363:Palmerston: A Biography 4214: 4162:Charles Pelham Villiers 4105:William Ewart Gladstone 3870:William Ewart Gladstone 3483:The Australian city of 3252:(later created the 1st 3161:Palmerston won another 2775:William Ewart Gladstone 2594:William Ewart Gladstone 1779:William Ewart Gladstone 1708:British bombardment of 982:University of Edinburgh 980:Temple was then at the 883:William Ewart Gladstone 682:University of Edinburgh 278:Spencer Horatio Walpole 95:The Viscount Palmerston 13092:Anti-Russian sentiment 12897:Lords of the Admiralty 12645:The Viscount Melbourne 12599:Politics and diplomacy 12473:Highland Potato Famine 12468:National Famine Museum 8983:Sir Archibald Sinclair 8924:Marquess of Hartington 8374:Leonard Worsley-Holmes 7811:35.2 (1963): 125-136. 7797:24.2 (1952): 143-151. 7769:33.2 (1994): 157-179. 7753:Middle Eastern Studies 7730:10.1093/ref:odnb/27112 7246:12.4 (1940): 449–484. 7028:C.S. Forester (2011). 6574:New and Recent History 5971:Leonard, Dick (2013). 5477:The Historical Journal 5360:Bolton, Sarah (1891). 5161:Lewis, Donald (2014). 4813:47#2 (1997) pp. 37-43. 4774:(London 1961) pp. 70-1 4665:Kenneth Bourne (ed.), 4652:George Henry Francis, 4230: 4050:George Cornewall Lewis 4002: 3963:is not in the Cabinet. 3944:succeeds Gladstone as 3942:George Cornewall Lewis 3779: 3637:is about to break out. 3439: 3184: 3146: 2971: 2937: 2929: 2905: 2755: 2647:. Palmerston sent Sir 2636: 2560: 2515: 2506:Ending the Crimean War 2444: 2140:Thomas Chisholm Anstey 2081:Hungarian independence 1979: 1964:France and Spain, 1845 1816: 1713: 1694:China: First Opium War 1575: 1471:Leopold of Saxe-Coburg 1434: 1346:as Foreign Secretary. 1332: 1300: 1235:Canning administration 1185:Bethlem Royal Hospital 1160: 1133: 909: 836:a coalition government 770:British foreign policy 500:The 1st Earl Granville 438:The 2nd Earl Granville 415:The Viscount Melbourne 375:The Duke of Wellington 363:The Viscount Melbourne 340:The 2nd Earl Granville 234:Ministerial positions 13037:Knights of the Garter 12422:Robert Dudley Edwards 12360:William Henry Gregory 12355:Matthew James Higgins 12325:Christopher St George 12310:Marquess of Lansdowne 12300:Nassau William Senior 10992:Portal:United Kingdom 10323:Ponsonby of Shulbrede 8895:The Marquess of Crewe 8890:The Marquess of Ripon 8880:The Earl of Kimberley 8617:British Liberal party 7899:Bourne, Kenneth, ed/ 7857:Wolffe, John (2005). 7849:Williams, Chris, ed. 7783:7.2 (1942): 115-126. 7673:2.2 (1930): 193-225. 7663:1.4 (1929): 570-593. 7641:Online free to borrow 7622:Morse, Hosea Ballou. 7486:Jewish Social Studies 7433:(John Murray, 2004). 7387:Parliamentary History 7364:17.4 (2006): 675–692. 7320:Brown, David (2010). 7232:4.2 (1932): 186–213. 7070:Chris Turner (2010). 7055:Frank McLynn (2007). 6926:Stanley Lane-Poole, ' 6906:. Orion. p. 33. 6621:Hibbert, Christopher 6107:Chris Williams, ed., 5801:Parliamentary History 4946:The Triumph of Reform 4888:The Triumph of Reform 4872:The Triumph of Reform 4846:The Triumph of Reform 4772:The Triumph of Reform 4418:63.3 (2020): 777–787. 4229: 4000: 3979:Matthew Talbot Baines 3777: 3590:Palmerston Street in 3583:Palmerston Street in 3476:, in Manawatu in the 3437: 3250:William Cowper-Temple 3179: 3141: 3059:, whose Duke was the 2966: 2933: 2925: 2901: 2780:William Henry Gregory 2741: 2708:Further information: 2671:Opposition: 1858–1859 2626: 2558: 2513: 2492:Further information: 2439: 2409:Imperial Russian Army 2356:Home Secretary powers 2185:, was attacked by an 2177:In 1847, the home of 1977: 1880:Opposition: 1841–1846 1806: 1707: 1669:bombardment of Beirut 1587:, the creator of the 1573: 1429: 1317: 1292: 1285:Opposition: 1828–1830 1216:Catholic emancipation 1190:After the suicide of 1150: 1128: 1040:mustered to oppose a 904: 897:Early life: 1784–1806 485:The Viscount Goderich 475:The Earl of Liverpool 13077:Viscounts Palmerston 12690:The Earl of Rosebery 12665:The Earl of Aberdeen 12335:Lionel de Rothschild 8929:Sir William Harcourt 8885:The Earl of Rosebery 8483:Thomas Hyde Villiers 8042:UK National Archives 7700:. London: Macmillan. 7685:Seton-Watson, R. W. 7649:21.1 (1958): 63-81. 7637:. London: Constable. 7514:50.12 (2000): 10–17. 7199:. 1865. p. 268. 6817:. 1866. p. 275. 6480:Herbert C. F. Bell, 6437:Ridley, pp. 570–571. 5876:Ridley, pp. 409–410. 5867:Ridley, pp. 408–409. 5825:Ridley, pp. 413–414. 5789:Ridley, pp. 398–399. 5771:Ridley, pp. 394–395. 5692:Ridley, pp. 374–375. 5638:Boyd Hilton (2006). 5571:Herbert C. F. Bell, 5545:R. W. Seton-Watson, 5238:Ridley, pp. 254-256. 5110:. Oxford; New York: 5046:Ridley, pp. 208–209. 4957:R. W. Seton-Watson, 4903:(London 1922) p. 233 4831:R. W. Seton-Watson, 4787:(London 1922) p. 232 4761:Ridley, pp. 105–106. 4743:Ridley, pp. 147–153. 4123:Thomas Milner Gibson 3605:Palmerston Boulevard 3370:Atlantic slave trade 3242:Florence Nightingale 2862:Atlantic slave trade 2807:Royal Navy Dockyards 2340:solitary confinement 2327:Vaccination Act 1853 2282:coalition government 2240:On 2 December 1851, 2103:Prince Schwarzenberg 2058:Italian independence 2048:Italian independence 1884:Within a few months 1499:Maria II of Portugal 1495:Isabella II of Spain 1456:Charles de Brouckère 1231:John Charles Herries 1107:Battle of Copenhagen 832:4th Earl of Aberdeen 787:Temple succeeded to 566:, Middlesex, England 428:The Earl of Aberdeen 386:The Earl of Aberdeen 329:The Earl of Aberdeen 267:The Earl of Aberdeen 213:The Earl of Aberdeen 91:The Right Honourable 13082:Irish abolitionists 12902:Tory MPs (pre-1834) 12733:Society and culture 12493:Theories of famines 12488:Economic liberalism 12412:Cecil Woodham-Smith 12340:Stephen Spring Rice 12305:Viscount Palmerston 10293:Curzon of Kedleston 8794:Viscount Palmerston 8644:New political party 8524:Henry Combe Compton 8520:John Willis Fleming 8423:William John Bankes 7619:(Bloomsbury, 2015). 7578:Macknight, Thomas. 7261:. Clarendon Press. 7169:Chris Cook (2005). 7142:Chris Cook (2005). 7105:The Daily Telegraph 6085:David Loades, ed., 5952:(1970) pp. 415–416. 5898:(1970) pp. 403-405. 5762:Ridley, pp. 387–94. 5701:Ridley, pp. 379–81. 5464:. 26 November 2016. 5404:(2010) pp. 279–333. 5350:(2010), pp. 474-78. 5187:Historical Research 4890:(London 1961) p. 73 4874:(London 1961) p. 20 4848:(London 1961) p. 72 4221: 3705:– in this novel by 3619:Cultural references 3570:Palmerston Road in 3542:Palmerston Road in 3537:West End, Edinburgh 3528:Palmerston Road in 3303:Glorious Revolution 3151:County of Lauenburg 3073:the Danish princess 2550:Order of the Garter 2458:Battle of Balaclava 2352:Penal Servitude Act 2203:John Arthur Roebuck 2173:Don Pacifico affair 2167:Don Pacifico affair 2029:Revolutions of 1848 1978:Palmerston, c. 1845 1946:Whigs came to power 1381:Kingdom of Portugal 1369:Revolutions of 1830 1325:"Lord Palmerston", 1060:he was elected for 1006:Viscount Palmerston 944:He was educated at 863:British nationalism 805:Viscount Palmerston 21:Viscount Palmerston 12285:Marquess Conyngham 11848:Campbell-Bannerman 10398:Royall of Blaisdon 10378:Cledwyn of Penrhos 9867:Campbell-Bannerman 9437:Campbell-Bannerman 8978:Sir Herbert Samuel 8973:David Lloyd George 8963:Sir Donald Maclean 8870:The Earl Granville 8778:Peerage of Ireland 8603:Party merged with 8508:Served alongside: 8480:Served alongside: 8453:William Yates Peel 8087:Political offices 8080:Offices and titles 7875:10.1093/ehr/cei240 7845:Volume II: 1815–66 7843:(3 vol, 1921–23), 7821:Webster, Charles. 7608:, 1904-6 (5 vols) 7568:47#2 (1997) 37–43. 6928:Temple, Henry John 6855:Palmerston Studies 6522:(1970) pp. 573-74. 6418:. 2003. p. 3. 6209:(2013) pp. 120–69. 6055:(1970) pp. 472-82. 6004:(2010) pp. 402–408 5991:(1970) pp. 433-36. 5628:(1970) pp. 333-58. 5575:(1936) pp. 422-48. 5562:(1970) pp. 343-48. 5549:(1937) pp. 241-49. 5138:(1937) pp. 191-98. 5114:. pp. 89–90. 5028:(2010) pp. 210-11. 4961:(1937) pp. 153-72. 4935:(1970) pp. 122-37. 4861:(2010) pp. 148–54. 4835:(1937) pp. 149-54. 4800:(2010) pp. 143-88. 4695:Ridley, pp. 64–65. 4643:Ridley, pp. 29–30. 4619:Peerage of Ireland 4605:Although peers of 4596:Ridley, pp. 27–28. 4578:Ridley, pp. 24–26. 4569:Ridley, pp. 19–22. 4560:Ridley, pp. 18–19. 4416:Historical Journal 4231: 4219: 4149:Postmaster-General 4006:Lord Palmerston – 4003: 3920:Postmaster-General 3783:Lord Palmerston – 3780: 3711:Horatio Hornblower 3683:American Civil War 3655:American Civil War 3611:are named for him. 3517:Several places in 3472:, and the city of 3468:, in Otago in the 3440: 3390:Schleswig-Holstein 3266:Classiebawn Castle 3254:Baron Mount Temple 3230:Duke of Wellington 3171:Viceroy of Ireland 3053:Duchy of Schleswig 2999:U.S. Supreme Court 2972: 2889:Province of Canada 2854:American Civil War 2842:American Civil War 2820:American Civil War 2756: 2724:Companies Act 1862 2675:The Conservatives 2653:East India Company 2637: 2604:lost their seats. 2574:Harry Smith Parkes 2561: 2516: 2445: 2441:Battle of Inkerman 2431:Lord Dudley Stuart 2418:Straits Convention 2038:Irish independence 2034:self-determination 2009:Great Irish Famine 1980: 1896:in France, and of 1817: 1725:East India Company 1714: 1595:in the mid-1830s. 1576: 1511:Quadruple Alliance 1503:Miguel of Portugal 1435: 1377:Belgian Revolution 1301: 1250:Duke of Wellington 1161: 1155:at the end of the 1022:Classiebawn Castle 970:Viscount Duncannon 918:Peerage of Ireland 910: 856:a general election 776:, defected to the 512:Sir Henry Hardinge 224:The Earl of Derby 126:Palmerston in 1857 12829: 12828: 12823: 12822: 12675:Benjamin Disraeli 12660:The Earl of Derby 12655:Lord John Russell 12539: 12538: 12452:Christine Kinealy 12437:Diarmaid Ferriter 12320:Charles Trevelyan 12295:Robert Gore-Booth 12244:1879 Irish Famine 12184:Absentee landlord 12121: 12120: 11560: 11559: 11208:Sotheron-Estcourt 11001: 11000: 10416: 10415: 10403:Smith of Basildon 9669: 9668: 9011: 9010: 8969: 8807: 8806: 8767:Succeeded by 8740:Succeeded by 8708:Succeeded by 8686:Academic offices 8676:Succeeded by 8657:Succeeded by 8627:Lord John Russell 8588:Lord John Russell 8565:Succeeded by 8549:1835–1865 8517:Succeeded by 8506:1832–1835 8478:1831–1832 8446:Succeeded by 8440:William Cavendish 8411:1811–1831 8380:Succeeded by 8362:1807–1811 8327:Succeeded by 8313:Benjamin Disraeli 8300:Succeeded by 8276:Benjamin Disraeli 8273:Succeeded by 8259:Lord John Russell 8246:Succeeded by 8218:Succeeded by 8191:Succeeded by 8184:Foreign Secretary 8164:Succeeded by 8157:Foreign Secretary 8137:Succeeded by 8130:Foreign Secretary 8109:Succeeded by 7941:Lord, Sudley ed. 7743:(Subscription or 7439:978-0-7195-5452-0 7429:Chambers, James. 7412:Cecil, Algernon. 7331:978-0-300-11898-8 7268:978-0-19-873007-1 7197:Debrett's Peerage 7041:978-1-61886-037-8 6949:City Centre Parks 6945:"Palmerston Park" 6913:978-0-297-85851-5 6163:Guedalla, p. 282. 6065:Victoria (1907). 6017:(1970) pp. 437-53 5911:(16 April 2002). 5264:(1981) pp. 64–79. 4686:(2008) pp. 249–51 4332:. Fourth Series. 4277: 4276: 4059:Lord John Russell 3950:Lord John Russell 3675:alternate history 3647:alternate history 3576:Palmerston Park, 3363:He was an avowed 3350:Winston Churchill 3338:Marquess of Lorne 3315:Lord John Russell 3214:Westminster Abbey 3212:and be buried at 3157:Electoral victory 3089:invaded Schleswig 3057:Duchy of Holstein 3049:Otto von Bismarck 3004:The raiding ship 2871:Britain issued a 2689:St James's Street 2677:lacked a majority 2613:Taiping Rebellion 2586:British factories 2542:Congress of Paris 2500:10 Downing Street 2482:Buckingham Palace 2369:Lord John Russell 2225:civis romanus sum 2136:Benjamin Disraeli 2013:Petty-Fitzmaurice 1985:Treaty of Utrecht 1938:Lord John Russell 1931:Lake of the Woods 1921:and the State of 1913:and the State of 1742:Treaty of Nanjing 1688:Christian Zionist 1649:London Convention 1478:treaty settlement 1417:November Uprising 1383:was the scene of 1357:gunboat diplomacy 1212:William Huskisson 1204:Foreign Secretary 1099:Royal Danish Navy 1020:. He later built 954:Augustus Clifford 924:. His father was 844:Lord John Russell 825:Foreign Secretary 728: 727: 592:Westminster Abbey 551:Henry John Temple 517: 516: 319:Lord John Russell 297:Foreign Secretary 170:The Earl of Derby 82: 81: 74: 54:lead layout guide 13099: 13087:Anti-Americanism 12982:UK MPs 1859–1865 12977:UK MPs 1857–1859 12972:UK MPs 1852–1857 12967:UK MPs 1847–1852 12962:UK MPs 1841–1847 12957:UK MPs 1837–1841 12952:UK MPs 1835–1837 12947:UK MPs 1832–1835 12942:UK MPs 1831–1832 12937:UK MPs 1830–1831 12932:UK MPs 1826–1830 12927:UK MPs 1820–1826 12922:UK MPs 1818–1820 12917:UK MPs 1812–1818 12912:UK MPs 1807–1812 12813: 12812: 12641:Prime ministers 12566: 12559: 12552: 12543: 12542: 12529: 12528: 12350:Paweł Strzelecki 12270:Viscount Halifax 12148: 12141: 12134: 12125: 12124: 11703:Pitt the Younger 11693:Pitt the Younger 11587: 11580: 11573: 11564: 11563: 11555: 11040: 11039: 11028: 11021: 11014: 11005: 11004: 10990: 10978: 10977: 10813: 10455: 10454: 10443: 10436: 10429: 10420: 10419: 9955:Pethick-Lawrence 9711:House of Commons 9696: 9689: 9682: 9673: 9672: 9662: 9658: 9657: 9642: 9635: 9628: 9621: 9614: 9607: 9600: 9593: 9586: 9579: 9572: 9565: 9558: 9551: 9544: 9537: 9530: 9523: 9516: 9509: 9502: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9467: 9460: 9453: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9425: 9418: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9362: 9355: 9348: 9341: 9334: 9327: 9320: 9313: 9306: 9299: 9292: 9285: 9278: 9271: 9264: 9257: 9250: 9243: 9236: 9229: 9222: 9215: 9208: 9206:Pitt the Younger 9201: 9194: 9192:Pitt the Younger 9174: 9172:Pitt the Younger 9167: 9160: 9153: 9146: 9139: 9132: 9125: 9118: 9111: 9104: 9097: 9090: 9083: 9076: 9069: 9067:Walpole (Orford) 9038: 9031: 9024: 9015: 9014: 8965: 8905:House of Commons 8875:The Earl Russell 8846: 8839: 8832: 8823: 8822: 8810: 8809: 8784:Preceded by 8750:Preceded by 8723:Preceded by 8718:Honorary titles 8691:Preceded by 8624:Preceded by 8585:Preceded by 8531:Preceded by 8496:New constituency 8463:Charles Tennyson 8460:Preceded by 8418:John Henry Smyth 8392:Preceded by 8368:Arthur Wellesley 8344:Preceded by 8310:Preceded by 8283:Preceded by 8256:Preceded by 8229:Preceded by 8201:Preceded by 8174:Preceded by 8147:Preceded by 8120:Preceded by 8102:Secretary at War 8092:Preceded by 8084: 8083: 8070: 8050: 8045: 8003: 7982: 7980: 7979: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7912: 7895: 7878: 7869:(488): 907–936. 7828:Weigall, David. 7748: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7717: 7701: 7638: 7598: 7596: 7560: 7537: 7504: 7478: 7469: 7426:(Longman, 1980). 7402: 7381: 7343: 7309: 7272: 7260: 7201: 7200: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7166: 7160: 7159: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7102: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7025: 7019: 7018: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6955:on 21 April 2012 6941: 6935: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6894: 6888: 6881: 6875: 6864: 6858: 6857:2 (2007): 24-38. 6851: 6845: 6838: 6832: 6827:Martin Gilbert, 6825: 6819: 6818: 6814:Edinburgh Review 6809: 6803: 6800: 6794: 6788: 6782: 6779: 6768: 6761: 6755: 6752: 6746: 6743: 6737: 6732:Algernon Cecil, 6730: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6707:Jonathan Parry, 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6684: 6678: 6675: 6666: 6644: 6638: 6635: 6626: 6619: 6613: 6610: 6604: 6601: 6595: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6582: 6568: 6562: 6555: 6549: 6542: 6536: 6529: 6523: 6516: 6510: 6507: 6498: 6491: 6485: 6478: 6472: 6469: 6463: 6458:Kenneth Bourne, 6456: 6450: 6447: 6438: 6435: 6429: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6341:9-7808-1317-7151 6322: 6316: 6315: 6287: 6281: 6267: 6261: 6258: 6249: 6246: 6237: 6236: 6216: 6210: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6182:Jenkins, Brian. 6179: 6173: 6170: 6164: 6161: 6155: 6145: 6139: 6136: 6130: 6127: 6121: 6118: 6112: 6105: 6099: 6096: 6090: 6089:(2003) 2: p. 998 6083: 6077: 6076: 6062: 6056: 6049: 6043: 6036: 6030: 6027: 6018: 6011: 6005: 5998: 5992: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5953: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5933: 5931: 5905: 5899: 5892: 5886: 5883: 5877: 5874: 5868: 5865: 5859: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5838: 5835: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5781: 5778: 5772: 5769: 5763: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5737: 5736: 5708: 5702: 5699: 5693: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5635: 5629: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5595: 5589: 5582: 5576: 5569: 5563: 5556: 5550: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5500: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5454: 5448: 5441: 5435: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5411: 5405: 5398: 5392: 5385: 5379: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5357: 5351: 5344: 5338: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5288: 5282: 5271: 5265: 5258: 5252: 5249:Victorian Review 5245: 5239: 5236: 5230: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5196: 5190: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5158: 5152: 5145: 5139: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5038: 5035: 5029: 5022: 5016: 5010: 4983: 4982: 4968: 4962: 4955: 4949: 4942: 4936: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4910: 4904: 4897: 4891: 4884: 4875: 4868: 4862: 4855: 4849: 4842: 4836: 4829: 4823: 4822:Halevy, pp. 20-1 4820: 4814: 4807: 4801: 4794: 4788: 4781: 4775: 4768: 4762: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4744: 4741: 4735: 4727: 4721: 4715: 4696: 4693: 4687: 4680: 4674: 4663: 4657: 4656:(1852), pp. 1–3. 4650: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4628: 4622: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4588: 4585: 4579: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4561: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4516: 4505: 4494: 4491: 4485: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4464: 4457: 4451: 4450:(1970), pp. 7–9. 4444: 4438: 4437: 4425: 4419: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4385: 4379: 4372: 4366: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4327: 4319: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4222: 4218: 3984:February 1858 – 3968:Henry Labouchere 3966:November 1855 – 3733:Homer at the Bat 3513:Palmerston Forts 3495:Palmerston Atoll 3474:Palmerston North 3452:Frontenac County 3419:Anthony Trollope 3347: 3336:In contrast the 3075:who married the 2980:commerce raiders 2957:Eastern Question 2955:and the growing 2943:After President 2681:general election 2629:Treaty of France 2609:Second Opium War 2302:Northern England 2294:House of Commons 2278:Earl of Aberdeen 2099:Habsburg dynasty 1684:Lord Shaftesbury 1553:(Lord Dalling): 1535:Eastern question 1330: 1279:Great Reform Act 1192:Lord Castlereagh 1173:Secretary at War 1165:Spencer Perceval 1123:Treaty of Tilsit 1113:was neutral but 1077:Duke of Portland 1012:in the north of 966:Viscount Althorp 937:in the north of 928:(1739–1802), an 875:balance of power 809:Secretary at War 801:House of Commons 759: 754: 747: 740: 703: 649: 647: 643: 577: 560: 558: 542:Personal details 508: 496: 470:Spencer Perceval 463: 454: 444:Secretary at War 435: 425: 404: 395: 383: 371: 359: 350: 336: 326: 316: 307: 286: 274: 264: 255: 230: 229: 221: 209: 192: 182:The Earl Russell 178: 166: 147: 124: 114: 86: 85: 77: 70: 66: 63: 57: 50:improve the lead 34: 33: 26: 13107: 13106: 13102: 13101: 13100: 13098: 13097: 13096: 12832: 12831: 12830: 12825: 12824: 12819: 12796: 12706: 12650:Sir Robert Peel 12593: 12589:Edwardian era → 12575: 12570: 12540: 12535: 12517: 12456: 12395: 12364: 12345:John Abel Smith 12248: 12157: 12152: 12122: 12117: 11596: 11591: 11561: 11556: 11547: 11044: 11034: 11032: 11002: 10997: 10965: 10933: 10927: 10820: 10814: 10805: 10459: 10449: 10447: 10417: 10412: 10183:Derby (Stanley) 10109: 9705: 9700: 9670: 9665: 9653: 9645: 9638: 9631: 9624: 9617: 9610: 9603: 9596: 9589: 9582: 9575: 9568: 9561: 9554: 9547: 9540: 9533: 9526: 9519: 9512: 9505: 9498: 9491: 9484: 9477: 9470: 9463: 9456: 9449: 9442: 9435: 9428: 9421: 9414: 9407: 9400: 9393: 9386: 9379: 9372: 9365: 9358: 9351: 9344: 9337: 9330: 9323: 9316: 9309: 9302: 9295: 9288: 9281: 9274: 9267: 9260: 9253: 9246: 9239: 9232: 9225: 9218: 9211: 9204: 9197: 9190: 9177: 9170: 9163: 9156: 9149: 9142: 9135: 9128: 9121: 9114: 9107: 9100: 9093: 9086: 9079: 9072: 9065: 9052: 9042: 9012: 9007: 8967:(Acting Leader) 8943: 8899: 8855: 8850: 8815: 8797: 8789: 8772: 8763: 8755: 8745: 8736: 8728: 8713: 8704: 8696: 8681: 8672: 8662: 8653: 8637: 8629: 8598: 8590: 8575: 8571: 8557: 8550: 8548: 8540: 8536: 8526: 8522: 8512:George Staunton 8507: 8505: 8479: 8477: 8469: 8465: 8455: 8451: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8412: 8410: 8402: 8397: 8387: 8383: 8371: 8363: 8361: 8353: 8349: 8332: 8323: 8315: 8305: 8296: 8288: 8278: 8269: 8261: 8251: 8242: 8234: 8224: 8214: 8206: 8196: 8187: 8179: 8169: 8160: 8152: 8142: 8133: 8125: 8115: 8105: 8097: 8082: 8036: 8010: 7992:, ed. (1911). " 7977: 7975: 7972: 7932: 7930: 7917:Philip Guedalla 7886: 7884:Primary sources 7881: 7835:Ward, A.W. and 7742: 7734: 7732: 7635:Lord Palmerston 7604:Paul, Herbert. 7488:(1968): 23–41. 7332: 7269: 7216:Lord Palmerston 7210: 7205: 7204: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7183: 7167: 7163: 7156: 7140: 7136: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7095: 7091: 7084: 7068: 7064: 7053: 7049: 7042: 7026: 7022: 7015: 6999: 6995: 6988: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6925: 6921: 6914: 6895: 6891: 6882: 6878: 6865: 6861: 6852: 6848: 6840:W. K. Hancock, 6839: 6835: 6826: 6822: 6811: 6810: 6806: 6802:Ridley, p. 591. 6801: 6797: 6789: 6785: 6781:Ridley, p. 589. 6780: 6771: 6762: 6758: 6754:Ridley, p. 588. 6753: 6749: 6745:Ridley, p. 587. 6744: 6740: 6731: 6727: 6719: 6715: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6681: 6677:Ridley, p. 584. 6676: 6669: 6645: 6641: 6637:Ridley, p. 583. 6636: 6629: 6620: 6616: 6612:Ridley, p. 582. 6611: 6607: 6603:Ridley, p. 581. 6602: 6598: 6594:Ridley, p. 579. 6593: 6589: 6576: 6569: 6565: 6559:Lord Palmerston 6556: 6552: 6543: 6539: 6533:Lord Palmerston 6530: 6526: 6520:Lord Palmerston 6517: 6513: 6509:Ridley, p. 572. 6508: 6501: 6492: 6488: 6482:Lord Palmerston 6479: 6475: 6471:Bourne, p. 373. 6470: 6466: 6457: 6453: 6449:Ridley, p. 571. 6448: 6441: 6436: 6432: 6427: 6423: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6390: 6386: 6378:The Independent 6369: 6365: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6342: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6288: 6284: 6268: 6264: 6260:Ridley, p. 554. 6259: 6252: 6248:Ridley, p. 559. 6247: 6240: 6233: 6217: 6213: 6204: 6200: 6196:Ridley, p. 552. 6195: 6191: 6180: 6176: 6172:Ridley, p. 564. 6171: 6167: 6162: 6158: 6148:Philip Guedalla 6146: 6142: 6138:Ridley, p. 566. 6137: 6133: 6129:Ridley, p. 563. 6128: 6124: 6120:Ridley, p. 565. 6119: 6115: 6106: 6102: 6098:Ridley, p. 506. 6097: 6093: 6084: 6080: 6063: 6059: 6053:Lord Palmerston 6050: 6046: 6037: 6033: 6029:Ridley, p. 467. 6028: 6021: 6015:Lord Palmerston 6012: 6008: 6000:Orlando Figes, 5999: 5995: 5989:Lord Palmerston 5986: 5982: 5969: 5965: 5961:Ridley, p. 419. 5960: 5956: 5950:Lord Palmerston 5947: 5943: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5906: 5902: 5896:Lord Palmerston 5893: 5889: 5885:Ridley, p. 410. 5884: 5880: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5862: 5858:Ridley, p. 408. 5857: 5853: 5849:Ridley, p. 407. 5848: 5841: 5837:Ridley, p. 414. 5836: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5797: 5793: 5788: 5784: 5780:Ridley, p. 398. 5779: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5749: 5740: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5691: 5687: 5677: 5675: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5636: 5632: 5626:Lord Palmerston 5623: 5619: 5612: 5596: 5592: 5586:Lord Palmerston 5583: 5579: 5570: 5566: 5560:Lord Palmerston 5557: 5553: 5544: 5540: 5535:. 30 June 2016. 5533:The Irish Times 5527: 5526: 5522: 5473: 5469: 5462:The Irish Times 5456: 5455: 5451: 5442: 5438: 5429: 5425: 5412: 5408: 5399: 5395: 5387:Robert Remini, 5386: 5382: 5373: 5369: 5358: 5354: 5345: 5341: 5324: 5320: 5289: 5285: 5272: 5268: 5259: 5255: 5246: 5242: 5237: 5233: 5227:Lord Palmerston 5225:Jasper Ridley, 5224: 5220: 5213: 5197: 5193: 5184: 5180: 5173: 5159: 5155: 5149:Lord Palmerston 5146: 5142: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5085:. p. 240. 5075: 5071: 5054: 5050: 5045: 5041: 5036: 5032: 5023: 5019: 5011: 4986: 4969: 4965: 4956: 4952: 4943: 4939: 4933:Lord Palmerston 4930: 4926: 4911: 4907: 4899:G M Trevelyan, 4898: 4894: 4885: 4878: 4869: 4865: 4856: 4852: 4843: 4839: 4830: 4826: 4821: 4817: 4808: 4804: 4795: 4791: 4783:G M Trevelyan, 4782: 4778: 4769: 4765: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4724: 4716: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4681: 4677: 4664: 4660: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4629: 4625: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4532: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4507:David Steele, ‘ 4506: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4467: 4461:Lord Palmerston 4458: 4454: 4448:Lord Palmerston 4446:Jasper Ridley, 4445: 4441: 4430:The Genealogist 4426: 4422: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4373: 4369: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4344: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4282: 4245: 4241: 4239: 4217: 4209:Lord Chancellor 4157: 4114:Edward Cardwell 4044:Lord Privy Seal 4021:Lord Chancellor 3995: 3937: 3820:Lord Privy Seal 3798:Lord Chancellor 3772: 3681:, depicting an 3653:, depicting an 3621: 3565:Tiverton, Devon 3532:, London, SW14. 3456:North Frontenac 3427: 3402:was written by 3377:A. J. P. Taylor 3345: 3308:Reform Act 1832 3274: 3260:in the west of 3193: 3159: 3077:Prince of Wales 3061:King of Denmark 3047:Prime Minister 3041: 2997:in 1869 by the 2989:neutral country 2968:Carte de visite 2945:Abraham Lincoln 2850: 2844: 2816: 2805:to protect the 2771: 2732: 2712: 2706: 2673: 2621: 2566: 2508: 2496: 2490: 2443:, November 1854 2377: 2336: 2314: 2270: 2234: 2214:to that of the 2175: 2169: 2120: 2108:French republic 2097:, ruled by the 2095:Austrian Empire 2083: 2050: 2025: 1997: 1972: 1966: 1958: 1890:François Guizot 1882: 1845:Cambridge House 1801: 1738:First Opium War 1702: 1696: 1633:Battle of Nezib 1605:Peter the Great 1531: 1491: 1447:Napoleonic Wars 1440: 1399:on the throne. 1397:infant princess 1365: 1352: 1331: 1324: 1287: 1157:Napoleonic Wars 1145: 1073:Lord Malmesbury 1069:Lord Chichester 1050: 1042:French invasion 1016:in the west of 964:to Palmerston, 899: 762:Lord Palmerston 752: 745: 738: 734: 720: 691: 668: 651: 639: 635: 622: 598:Political party 579: 575: 574:18 October 1865 562: 561:20 October 1784 556: 554: 553: 552: 506: 494: 489: 461: 455: 450: 433: 423: 418: 402: 396: 391: 381: 369: 357: 351: 346: 334: 324: 314: 308: 303: 290:Sir George Grey 284: 272: 262: 256: 251: 235: 219: 207: 193: 188: 176: 164: 148: 143: 127: 115: 98: 96: 93: 78: 67: 61: 58: 47: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13105: 13095: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12827: 12826: 12821: 12820: 12818: 12817: 12807: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12794: 12793: 12792: 12787: 12786: 12785: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12714: 12712: 12708: 12707: 12705: 12704: 12699: 12697:Queen Victoria 12694: 12693: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12639: 12634: 12633: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12614: 12612:British empire 12609: 12603: 12601: 12595: 12594: 12592: 12591: 12586: 12584:← Georgian era 12580: 12577: 12576: 12569: 12568: 12561: 12554: 12546: 12537: 12536: 12534: 12533: 12522: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12464: 12462: 12458: 12457: 12455: 12454: 12449: 12447:Tim Pat Coogan 12444: 12439: 12434: 12432:Cormac Ó Gráda 12429: 12424: 12419: 12417:F. S. L. Lyons 12414: 12409: 12403: 12401: 12397: 12396: 12394: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12372: 12370: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12260:Queen Victoria 12256: 12254: 12250: 12249: 12247: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12214:Irish diaspora 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12165: 12163: 12159: 12158: 12151: 12150: 12143: 12136: 12128: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11988:St John-Stevas 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11898:N. Chamberlain 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11863:A. Chamberlain 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11642:Pitt the Elder 11639: 11632: 11630:Pitt the Elder 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11601: 11598: 11597: 11590: 11589: 11582: 11575: 11567: 11558: 11557: 11550: 11548: 11546: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11133:Sturges Bourne 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11049: 11046: 11045: 11031: 11030: 11023: 11016: 11008: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10995: 10983: 10970: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10937: 10935: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10824: 10822: 10816: 10815: 10808: 10806: 10804: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10467: 10465: 10461: 10460: 10446: 10445: 10438: 10431: 10423: 10414: 10413: 10411: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10119: 10117: 10115:House of Lords 10111: 10110: 10108: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9715: 9713: 9707: 9706: 9699: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9676: 9667: 9666: 9664: 9663: 9650: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9643: 9636: 9629: 9622: 9615: 9608: 9601: 9594: 9587: 9580: 9573: 9566: 9559: 9552: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9524: 9517: 9510: 9503: 9496: 9489: 9482: 9475: 9468: 9461: 9454: 9447: 9440: 9433: 9426: 9419: 9412: 9405: 9398: 9391: 9384: 9377: 9370: 9363: 9356: 9349: 9342: 9335: 9328: 9321: 9314: 9307: 9300: 9293: 9286: 9279: 9272: 9265: 9258: 9251: 9244: 9237: 9230: 9223: 9216: 9213:Lord Grenville 9209: 9202: 9195: 9187: 9185: 9183:United Kingdom 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9168: 9161: 9154: 9147: 9140: 9133: 9126: 9119: 9112: 9105: 9098: 9091: 9084: 9077: 9070: 9062: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9041: 9040: 9033: 9026: 9018: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8988:Clement Davies 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8960: 8954: 8952: 8949:Overall Leader 8945: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8910: 8908: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8866: 8864: 8861:House of Lords 8857: 8856: 8849: 8848: 8841: 8834: 8826: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8790: 8785: 8781: 8780: 8774: 8773: 8768: 8765: 8756: 8751: 8747: 8746: 8741: 8738: 8729: 8724: 8720: 8719: 8715: 8714: 8709: 8706: 8697: 8692: 8688: 8687: 8683: 8682: 8677: 8674: 8664: 8663: 8658: 8655: 8646: 8640: 8639: 8630: 8625: 8621: 8620: 8600: 8591: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8577: 8576: 8566: 8563: 8554:John Heathcoat 8541: 8534:John Heathcoat 8532: 8528: 8527: 8518: 8515: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8486: 8470: 8461: 8457: 8456: 8449:Henry Goulburn 8447: 8444: 8403: 8395:Earl of Euston 8393: 8389: 8388: 8385:Cecil Bisshopp 8381: 8378: 8354: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8328: 8325: 8316: 8311: 8307: 8306: 8301: 8298: 8289: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8274: 8271: 8262: 8257: 8253: 8252: 8247: 8244: 8235: 8230: 8226: 8225: 8219: 8216: 8211:Home Secretary 8207: 8202: 8198: 8197: 8192: 8189: 8180: 8175: 8171: 8170: 8165: 8162: 8153: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8135: 8126: 8121: 8117: 8116: 8113:Henry Hardinge 8110: 8107: 8098: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8081: 8078: 8077: 8076: 8071: 8057: 8051: 8034: 8028: 8022: 8009: 8008:External links 8006: 8005: 8004: 7990:Chisholm, Hugh 7971: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7956: 7949: 7939: 7929:on 25 May 2019 7919:, ed. (1928). 7913: 7904: 7897: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7879: 7854: 7847: 7833: 7826: 7819: 7805: 7791: 7777: 7763: 7756: 7749: 7709: 7702: 7693: 7683: 7682: 7681: 7657: 7643: 7630: 7620: 7613: 7602: 7586: 7576: 7571:Leonard, Dick 7569: 7562: 7552: 7538: 7529: 7515: 7508: 7496: 7482: 7470: 7441: 7427: 7420: 7410: 7403: 7393:(3): 333–358. 7382: 7365: 7357: 7356: 7348:Brown, David. 7345: 7344: 7330: 7317: 7310: 7290:10.1086/238848 7284:(3): 287–291. 7273: 7267: 7250: 7240: 7226: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7188: 7181: 7161: 7154: 7134: 7122: 7089: 7082: 7062: 7047: 7040: 7031:Flying Colours 7020: 7013: 6993: 6986: 6966: 6936: 6919: 6912: 6889: 6876: 6859: 6846: 6833: 6820: 6804: 6795: 6783: 6769: 6763:David Steele, 6756: 6747: 6738: 6725: 6713: 6711:(1993) p. 194. 6700: 6679: 6667: 6639: 6627: 6614: 6605: 6596: 6587: 6563: 6550: 6537: 6535:(1970) p. 574. 6524: 6511: 6499: 6486: 6473: 6464: 6462:(1970) p. 108. 6451: 6439: 6430: 6421: 6403: 6384: 6363: 6347: 6340: 6317: 6298:(3): 287–310. 6282: 6262: 6250: 6238: 6232:978-0547225647 6231: 6211: 6198: 6189: 6174: 6165: 6156: 6140: 6131: 6122: 6113: 6100: 6091: 6078: 6057: 6044: 6031: 6019: 6006: 5993: 5980: 5963: 5954: 5941: 5923: 5900: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5851: 5839: 5827: 5818: 5807:(3): 333–358. 5791: 5782: 5773: 5764: 5755: 5753:, p. 648. 5738: 5719:(3): 515–540. 5703: 5694: 5685: 5674:. 1 March 1848 5657: 5650: 5630: 5617: 5610: 5590: 5588:(1970) p. 355. 5577: 5564: 5551: 5538: 5520: 5483:(2): 441–469. 5467: 5449: 5436: 5423: 5420:. p. 648. 5406: 5400:David Brown., 5393: 5389:Daniel Webster 5380: 5378:(2008) p. 263. 5374:Gillian Gill, 5367: 5352: 5339: 5325:K D Reynolds, 5318: 5299:(281): 41–61. 5283: 5266: 5253: 5240: 5231: 5229:(1970) p. 249. 5218: 5211: 5191: 5178: 5171: 5153: 5140: 5134:Seton-Watson, 5127: 5120: 5098: 5091: 5069: 5048: 5039: 5030: 5017: 5015:, p. 647. 4984: 4963: 4950: 4937: 4924: 4905: 4892: 4876: 4863: 4850: 4837: 4824: 4815: 4802: 4789: 4776: 4763: 4754: 4752:Ridley, p. 98. 4745: 4736: 4722: 4720:, p. 646. 4697: 4688: 4682:Dick Leonard, 4675: 4673:, 1979. p. 97. 4669:. London: The 4658: 4645: 4636: 4623: 4615:United Kingdom 4598: 4589: 4587:Ridley, p. 27. 4580: 4571: 4562: 4553: 4551:Ridley, p. 18. 4544: 4526: 4524:Ridley, p. 15. 4517: 4495: 4493:Ridley, p. 14. 4486: 4484:Ridley, p. 12. 4477: 4475:Ridley, p. 10. 4465: 4452: 4439: 4420: 4407: 4401:978-1409479840 4400: 4380: 4378:(1975) p. 108. 4367: 4365:(2010) p. 473. 4354: 4323:"INTRODUCTION" 4313: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4246: 4233: 4232: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4201: 4194: 4187: 4183: 4176: 4169: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4142: 4133: 4131:Poor Law Board 4120: 4111: 4102: 4093: 4083: 4077:Sidney Herbert 4074: 4065: 4056: 4046: 4036: 4023: 4014: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3982: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3936: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3922: 3913: 3904: 3895: 3886: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3843:Sidney Herbert 3840: 3831: 3822: 3813: 3800: 3791: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3754: 3748: 3745:Pitt the Elder 3724: 3721:Oregon Country 3714: 3702:Flying Colours 3698: 3679:Harry Harrison 3666: 3638: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3581: 3574: 3568: 3561: 3558:Dartmouth Park 3554: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3526: 3515: 3510: 3498: 3492: 3481: 3464:, the town of 3458: 3448: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3423: 3386: 3385: 3299: 3298: 3290: 3289: 3273: 3270: 3192: 3189: 3175:Lord Wodehouse 3158: 3155: 3097:Austria's navy 3040: 3037: 2994:Texas v. White 2885:William Seward 2846:Main article: 2843: 2840: 2815: 2812: 2770: 2767: 2731: 2730:Foreign policy 2728: 2705: 2702: 2697:Lord Granville 2685:Willis's Rooms 2672: 2669: 2649:Colin Campbell 2620: 2617: 2607:In China, the 2590:Richard Cobden 2565: 2562: 2520:St. Petersburg 2507: 2504: 2489: 2486: 2477:Lord Lansdowne 2473:Lord Clarendon 2376: 2373: 2344:transportation 2335: 2332: 2313: 2310: 2298:Home Secretary 2269: 2266: 2242:Louis Napoleon 2233: 2230: 2212:British Empire 2199:House of Lords 2171:Main article: 2168: 2165: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2152: 2129:Prince Consort 2125:Foreign Office 2119: 2116: 2082: 2079: 2049: 2046: 2024: 2021: 1996: 1993: 1968:Main article: 1965: 1962: 1957: 1954: 1894:Adolphe Thiers 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1800: 1797: 1775:nonconformists 1773:and religious 1767: 1766: 1695: 1692: 1686:, a prominent 1680:Board of Trade 1665:Lord Melbourne 1641:Lord Granville 1585:David Urquhart 1547:Ottoman Empire 1530: 1527: 1519:Louis Philippe 1490: 1487: 1460:Charles Rogier 1439: 1436: 1405:Russian Empire 1364: 1363:Crises of 1830 1361: 1351: 1348: 1344:new government 1336:Lord Lansdowne 1322: 1298:Thomas Woolner 1286: 1283: 1266:the government 1262:Earl of Dudley 1200:George Canning 1196:Lord Liverpool 1153:British Empire 1144: 1141: 1088:pocket borough 1049: 1046: 1010:country estate 986:Dugald Stewart 935:country estate 898: 895: 891:Ottoman Empire 867:Queen Victoria 848:home secretary 842:insisted that 817:George Canning 815:in 1827, when 797:House of Lords 726: 725: 722: 721: 719: 718: 715: 711: 709: 705: 704: 697: 693: 692: 690: 689: 684: 678: 676: 670: 669: 667: 666: 659: 657: 653: 652: 637: 631: 630: 628: 624: 623: 621: 620: 614: 608: 601: 599: 595: 594: 589: 585: 584: 578:(aged 80) 572: 568: 567: 550: 548: 544: 543: 539: 538: 535: 534: 531: 530: 527: 526: 523: 522: 519: 518: 515: 514: 509: 503: 502: 497: 491: 490: 488: 487: 482: 480:George Canning 477: 472: 466: 464: 462:Prime Minister 458: 457: 447: 446: 440: 439: 436: 430: 429: 426: 420: 419: 417: 416: 413: 407: 405: 403:Prime Minister 399: 398: 388: 387: 384: 378: 377: 372: 366: 365: 360: 358:Prime Minister 354: 353: 343: 342: 337: 331: 330: 327: 321: 320: 317: 315:Prime Minister 311: 310: 300: 299: 293: 292: 287: 281: 280: 275: 269: 268: 265: 263:Prime Minister 259: 258: 248: 247: 245:Home Secretary 241: 240: 237: 236: 233: 226: 225: 222: 216: 215: 210: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 185: 184: 179: 173: 172: 167: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 140: 139: 133: 132: 129: 128: 125: 117: 116: 97: 94: 89: 80: 79: 39:The article's 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13104: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12842:Victorian era 12840: 12839: 12837: 12816: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12799: 12791: 12788: 12784: 12781: 12780: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12735: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12715: 12713: 12709: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12642: 12640: 12638: 12637:Pax Britannia 12635: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12617: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12604: 12602: 12600: 12596: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12581: 12578: 12574: 12573:Victorian era 12567: 12562: 12560: 12555: 12553: 12548: 12547: 12544: 12532: 12524: 12523: 12520: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12503:Malthusianism 12501: 12499: 12498:Food security 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12483:Laissez-faire 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12465: 12463: 12459: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12404: 12402: 12398: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12367: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12275:Earl of Lucan 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12257: 12255: 12251: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 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11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11050: 11047: 11043: 11038: 11029: 11024: 11022: 11017: 11015: 11010: 11009: 11006: 10994: 10993: 10989: 10984: 10982: 10981: 10972: 10971: 10968: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10930: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10825: 10823: 10817: 10812: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10786:Gordon Walker 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 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H. Asquith 8956: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8946: 8940: 8939:H. H. Asquith 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8902: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8847: 8842: 8840: 8835: 8833: 8828: 8827: 8824: 8818: 8811: 8803: 8800: 8796: 8795: 8788: 8782: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8762: 8761: 8754: 8748: 8744: 8735: 8734: 8727: 8721: 8716: 8712: 8703: 8702: 8695: 8689: 8684: 8680: 8671: 8670: 8665: 8661: 8652: 8651: 8645: 8641: 8636: 8635: 8628: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8597: 8596: 8589: 8583: 8578: 8574: 8573:George Denman 8570: 8562: 8560: 8559:George Denman 8555: 8547: 8546: 8539: 8538:James Kennedy 8535: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8514: 8513: 8504: 8503: 8497: 8493: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8476: 8475: 8468: 8467:John Ponsonby 8464: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8443: 8441: 8436: 8430: 8424: 8419: 8409: 8408: 8401: 8396: 8390: 8386: 8377: 8375: 8369: 8360: 8359: 8352: 8348: 8342: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8322: 8321: 8314: 8308: 8304: 8295: 8294: 8287: 8281: 8277: 8268: 8267: 8260: 8254: 8250: 8241: 8240: 8233: 8227: 8223: 8213: 8212: 8205: 8199: 8195: 8186: 8185: 8178: 8172: 8168: 8159: 8158: 8151: 8145: 8141: 8132: 8131: 8124: 8118: 8114: 8104: 8103: 8096: 8090: 8085: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8058: 8055: 8052: 8049: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8032: 8029: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8012: 8011: 8001: 8000: 7995: 7991: 7986: 7985:public domain 7974: 7973: 7970:Other sources 7965: 7961: 7957: 7954: 7950: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7928: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7905: 7902: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7887: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7855: 7852: 7848: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7761: 7760:History Today 7757: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7707: 7704:Steele, E.D. 7703: 7699: 7694: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7667: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7642: 7636: 7631: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7615:Judd, Denis. 7614: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7566:History Today 7563: 7558: 7553: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7530: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7512:History Today 7509: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7446:Media History 7442: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7425: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7366: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7323: 7318: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7259: 7258: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7218:(2 vol 1936) 7217: 7214:Bell, H.C.F. 7213: 7212: 7198: 7192: 7184: 7182:9781134240357 7178: 7174: 7173: 7165: 7157: 7155:9781134240357 7151: 7147: 7146: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7101: 7093: 7085: 7083:9780307366092 7079: 7075: 7074: 7066: 7058: 7051: 7043: 7037: 7033: 7032: 7024: 7016: 7014:9781317383239 7010: 7006: 7005: 6997: 6989: 6987:9781573560665 6983: 6979: 6978: 6970: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6940: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6915: 6909: 6905: 6904: 6899: 6898:Hurd, Douglas 6893: 6886: 6885:History Today 6880: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6856: 6850: 6843: 6837: 6830: 6824: 6816: 6815: 6808: 6799: 6792: 6787: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6766: 6760: 6751: 6742: 6736:(1927) p. 139 6735: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6710: 6704: 6689: 6683: 6674: 6672: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6647:Stanley, A.P. 6643: 6634: 6632: 6625:(2004) p. 256 6624: 6618: 6609: 6600: 6591: 6583: 6580: 6575: 6567: 6560: 6554: 6547: 6541: 6534: 6528: 6521: 6515: 6506: 6504: 6496: 6495:History Today 6490: 6483: 6477: 6468: 6461: 6455: 6446: 6444: 6434: 6425: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6388: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6367: 6359: 6358: 6351: 6343: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6321: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6286: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6257: 6255: 6245: 6243: 6234: 6228: 6224: 6223: 6215: 6208: 6202: 6193: 6185: 6178: 6169: 6160: 6153: 6149: 6144: 6135: 6126: 6117: 6111:(2006). p. 42 6110: 6104: 6095: 6088: 6082: 6074: 6070: 6069: 6061: 6054: 6048: 6041: 6035: 6026: 6024: 6016: 6010: 6003: 5997: 5990: 5984: 5976: 5975: 5967: 5958: 5951: 5945: 5938: 5926: 5924:9780810866133 5920: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5897: 5891: 5882: 5873: 5864: 5855: 5846: 5844: 5834: 5832: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5786: 5777: 5768: 5759: 5752: 5751:Chisholm 1911 5747: 5745: 5743: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5707: 5698: 5689: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5653: 5651:9780191606823 5647: 5643: 5642: 5634: 5627: 5621: 5613: 5611:9780857736512 5607: 5603: 5602: 5594: 5587: 5581: 5574: 5568: 5561: 5555: 5548: 5542: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5471: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5446: 5440: 5433: 5427: 5419: 5418: 5410: 5403: 5397: 5390: 5384: 5377: 5371: 5363: 5356: 5349: 5346:David Brown, 5343: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5280: 5276: 5275:Media History 5270: 5263: 5257: 5250: 5244: 5235: 5228: 5222: 5214: 5212:9780754607045 5208: 5204: 5203: 5195: 5188: 5182: 5174: 5172:9781107631960 5168: 5164: 5157: 5150: 5144: 5137: 5131: 5123: 5121:9780367133269 5117: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5094: 5092:9780521289689 5088: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5052: 5043: 5034: 5027: 5021: 5014: 5013:Chisholm 1911 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4980: 4976: 4975: 4967: 4960: 4954: 4947: 4941: 4934: 4928: 4921:(3): 418–428. 4920: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4896: 4889: 4883: 4881: 4873: 4867: 4860: 4857:David Brown, 4854: 4847: 4841: 4834: 4828: 4819: 4812: 4811:History Today 4806: 4799: 4793: 4786: 4780: 4773: 4767: 4758: 4749: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4726: 4719: 4718:Chisholm 1911 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4692: 4685: 4679: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4655: 4649: 4640: 4634:(2011) p. 57. 4633: 4630:David Brown, 4627: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4611:Great Britain 4608: 4602: 4593: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4557: 4548: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4521: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4490: 4481: 4472: 4470: 4462: 4456: 4449: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4411: 4403: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4384: 4377: 4371: 4364: 4361:David Brown, 4358: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4324: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4237: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4189:April 1863 – 4188: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3776: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3737:Barney Gumble 3734: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3687:United States 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3651:Robert Conroy 3648: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3429: 3428: 3422: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3408:Evelyn Ashley 3405: 3401: 3397: 3395: 3394:Prince Albert 3391: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3373: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3323:Lord Rosebery 3321:When in 1886 3319: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3304: 3295: 3294: 3293: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3277: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3210:state funeral 3207: 3203: 3198: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3154: 3152: 3145: 3140: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3114:Jonathan Peel 3109: 3106: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2911: 2904: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2788:Edward Baines 2784: 2781: 2776: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2753: 2749: 2748:Prince Albert 2745: 2740: 2736: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2693:Liberal Party 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2665:Orsini affair 2662: 2661:Felice Orsini 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2557: 2553: 2552:by Victoria. 2551: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2501: 2495: 2485: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2385:Jasper Ridley 2382: 2372: 2370: 2365: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2312:Social reform 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2284:of Whigs and 2283: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2229: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2220:Roman citizen 2218:, in which a 2217: 2213: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2164: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2115: 2113: 2112:Lajos Kossuth 2109: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2066:Royal Arsenal 2063: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2043: 2042:Young Ireland 2039: 2035: 2030: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1992: 1988: 1986: 1976: 1971: 1961: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1927:Lake Superior 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1911:New Brunswick 1908: 1904: 1899: 1898:Lord Aberdeen 1895: 1891: 1887: 1874: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837:Hertfordshire 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1796: 1794: 1793:Thomas Barnes 1790: 1789: 1782: 1780: 1777:led by young 1776: 1772: 1764: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1754:Jasper Ridley 1750: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1721:Canton System 1718: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1637:Lord Ponsonby 1634: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1565:Sublime Porte 1562: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1537:. During the 1536: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1328: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1299: 1296:, London, by 1295: 1291: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254:Charles Grant 1251: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1239:Lord Goderich 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1140: 1138: 1132: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 999: 995: 991: 990:Adam Ferguson 987: 983: 978: 976: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 948:(1795–1800). 947: 946:Harrow School 942: 940: 936: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 908: 907:Thomas Heaphy 903: 894: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 871: 868: 864: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 830:In 1852, the 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 803:) as the 3rd 802: 798: 794: 793:Irish peerage 790: 785: 783: 782:Liberal Party 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 751: 744: 737: 732: 723: 716: 713: 712: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 688: 685: 683: 680: 679: 677: 675: 671: 664: 661: 660: 658: 654: 634: 629: 625: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 603: 602: 600: 596: 593: 590: 588:Resting place 586: 582: 573: 569: 565: 549: 545: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 513: 510: 504: 501: 498: 492: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 467: 465: 459: 453: 448: 445: 441: 437: 431: 427: 421: 414: 412: 411:The Earl Grey 409: 408: 406: 400: 394: 389: 385: 379: 376: 373: 367: 364: 361: 355: 349: 344: 341: 338: 332: 328: 322: 318: 312: 306: 301: 298: 294: 291: 288: 282: 279: 276: 270: 266: 260: 254: 249: 246: 242: 238: 231: 227: 223: 217: 214: 211: 205: 201: 197: 191: 186: 183: 180: 174: 171: 168: 162: 159: 156: 152: 146: 141: 138: 134: 130: 123: 118: 113: 109: 105: 101: 92: 87: 84: 76: 73: 65: 55: 52:and read the 51: 45: 42: 37: 28: 27: 22: 12805:Bibliography 12718:Demographics 12669: 12616:By location 12607:British Army 12407:John Mitchel 12304: 12290:Lord Farnham 12265:Earl Russell 11903:W. Churchill 11818:R. Churchill 11777: 11767: 11634: 11388:Lloyd George 11383:Maxwell-Fyfe 11192: 10985: 10973: 10833:Douglas-Home 10776:Douglas-Home 10580: 10570: 10560: 10228:Beaconsfield 10065:Duncan Smith 10000:Douglas-Home 9806: 9542:Douglas-Home 9451:Lloyd George 9338: 9324: 9116:G. Grenville 8966: 8913: 8801: 8792: 8758: 8731: 8699: 8667: 8648: 8643: 8632: 8602: 8593: 8569:John Walrond 8552: 8543: 8509: 8500: 8495: 8488: 8481: 8472: 8414: 8405: 8400:Vicary Gibbs 8365: 8356: 8318: 8291: 8264: 8237: 8209: 8182: 8155: 8128: 8100: 8013: 7997: 7959: 7952: 7942: 7931:. Retrieved 7927:the original 7921: 7908: 7900: 7891: 7866: 7862: 7850: 7844: 7840: 7829: 7822: 7808: 7794: 7780: 7766: 7759: 7752: 7733:. Retrieved 7719: 7705: 7697: 7686: 7670: 7660: 7646: 7634: 7623: 7616: 7610:vol 2 online 7605: 7592: 7579: 7572: 7565: 7556: 7541: 7533: 7518: 7511: 7503:. Routledge. 7500: 7485: 7477:. 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Retrieved 4333: 4329: 4317: 4203:July 1865 – 4191:Lord de Grey 4178:June 1861 – 4160:July 1859 – 4087:Charles Wood 3880:Charles Wood 3852:Lord Panmure 3761: 3757:Laurence Fox 3739:argues with 3728:The Simpsons 3726: 3717:Wagons West! 3716: 3700: 3695:Trent Affair 3668: 3663:Trent Affair 3640: 3624: 3478:North Island 3470:South Island 3443:The Town of 3416: 3411: 3399: 3398: 3387: 3374: 3365:abolitionist 3362: 3356:led General 3342: 3335: 3320: 3312: 3300: 3291: 3278: 3275: 3258:County Sligo 3247: 3237: 3234: 3222:Isaac Newton 3218:Robert Blake 3206:Romsey Abbey 3202:Jesus Christ 3194: 3185: 3180: 3160: 3147: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3123: 3117: 3110: 3102: 3093: 3081: 3042: 3029: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3007: 3003: 2992: 2973: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2870: 2851: 2836:Trent Affair 2817: 2793: 2785: 2772: 2759: 2757: 2744:Lord Russell 2742:Palmerston, 2733: 2713: 2691:, where the 2674: 2638: 2633:John Phillip 2606: 2569: 2567: 2546:peace treaty 2533:Napoleon III 2529:Alexander II 2517: 2497: 2462: 2446: 2397: 2378: 2366: 2337: 2334:Penal reform 2318:Factory Acts 2315: 2271: 2245: 2239: 2235: 2223: 2216:Roman Empire 2208: 2196: 2179:Don Pacifico 2176: 2161: 2133: 2121: 2084: 2051: 2026: 1998: 1995:Irish Famine 1989: 1981: 1959: 1949: 1935: 1917:and between 1883: 1864:Gillian Gill 1861: 1857: 1833:Brocket Hall 1818: 1813:William Owen 1807:Portrait of 1791:, edited by 1786: 1783: 1768: 1751: 1746:treaty ports 1715: 1677: 1673:fall of Acre 1646: 1631:and won the 1620:Muhammad Ali 1616:under threat 1609: 1597: 1589:Vixen affair 1577: 1558: 1554: 1551:Henry Bulwer 1532: 1516: 1492: 1475: 1464: 1441: 1421: 1366: 1353: 1333: 1329:13th Edition 1326: 1318: 1302: 1271: 1258:William Lamb 1243: 1220: 1189: 1177: 1162: 1137:Edmund Burke 1134: 1129: 1096: 1085: 1066: 1051: 1035: 1014:County Sligo 1003: 979: 943: 939:County Sligo 911: 872: 860: 829: 813:Cabinet rank 786: 761: 730: 729: 663:Henry Temple 581:Brocket Hall 576:(1865-10-18) 507:Succeeded by 451: 434:Succeeded by 392: 382:Succeeded by 347: 335:Succeeded by 304: 285:Succeeded by 252: 220:Succeeded by 189: 177:Succeeded by 144: 83: 68: 59: 48:Please help 43: 41:lead section 12857:1865 deaths 12852:1784 births 12763:Masculinity 12442:Colm Tóibín 12330:Robert Peel 12209:Coffin ship 11808:Hicks-Beach 11723:Castlereagh 10711:Chamberlain 10541:Castlereagh 10393:Strathclyde 9877:Chamberlain 9847:Hicks Beach 9500:Chamberlain 9003:David Steel 8951:(1916–1988) 8907:(1859–1916) 8863:(1859–1916) 8429:John Copley 8347:Isaac Corry 8222:George Grey 8018:1803–2005: 7837:G. P. Gooch 7735:11 December 7600:Online free 7584:Online free 7452:: 365–378. 7340:j.ctt5vks3x 7324:. Yale UP. 6659:John Murray 6577: [ 5909:Arnold, Guy 5678:28 November 5498:10419/72313 5205:. Ashgate. 4770:E. Halevy, 4171:May 1860 – 4129:and of the 3707:CS Forester 3691:Confederacy 3659:Confederacy 3578:Southampton 3572:Bournemouth 3551:Merton Park 3544:Walthamstow 3462:New Zealand 3354:appeasement 3344:Englishman. 3331:John Bright 3281:Norman Gash 3226:Lord Nelson 3085:River Eider 2877:belligerent 2832:Crimean War 2619:Resignation 2602:John Bright 2578:Ye Mingchen 2393:Dardanelles 2381:Crimean War 2375:Crimean War 2261:Tocqueville 2247:coup d'état 2187:antisemitic 1903:Robert Peel 1729:Lord Napier 1432:Southampton 1391:were about 1246:Canningites 1223:Robert Peel 930:Anglo-Irish 914:Westminster 865:. Although 852:Crimean War 821:Canningites 619:(from 1859) 613:(1830–1859) 607:(1806–1830) 564:Westminster 495:Preceded by 424:Preceded by 370:Preceded by 325:Preceded by 273:Preceded by 208:Preceded by 165:Preceded by 13072:War Office 12836:Categories 12427:Joel Mokyr 12400:Historians 12179:Penal Laws 11928:Crookshank 11923:Chuter Ede 11778:Palmerston 11768:Palmerston 11453:Waddington 11378:Chuter Ede 11193:Palmerston 11158:Wellington 11103:Hawkesbury 10853:Carrington 10661:Iddesleigh 10606:Malmesbury 10591:Malmesbury 10581:Palmerston 10571:Palmerston 10566:Wellington 10561:Palmerston 10501:Hawkesbury 10368:Carrington 10363:Shackleton 10358:Carrington 10208:Malmesbury 10158:Wellington 10148:Wellington 10138:Wellington 9950:Lees-Smith 9832:Hartington 9807:Palmerston 9339:Palmerston 9325:Palmerston 9276:Wellington 9255:Wellington 9151:Rockingham 9123:Rockingham 9095:Devonshire 9074:Wilmington 8993:Jo Grimond 8798:1802–1865 8764:1863–1865 8737:1861–1865 8705:1862–1865 8673:1859–1865 8654:1859–1865 8638:1855–1859 8599:1855–1859 8561:1859–1865 8442:1829–1831 8376:1809–1811 8351:John Doyle 8324:1859–1865 8270:1855–1858 8215:1852–1855 8188:1846–1851 8161:1835–1841 8134:1830–1834 8106:1809–1828 7747:required.) 7617:Palmerston 7322:Palmerston 6665:), p. 247. 5445:Palmerston 5331:Broadlands 5327:Oxford DNB 4944:E Halevy, 4886:E Halevy, 4870:E Halevy, 4844:E Halevy, 4613:, and the 4309:References 4262:Supporters 4256:Escutcheon 3954:R.V. Smith 3751:Palmerston 3741:Wade Boggs 3693:after the 3661:after the 3530:East Sheen 3519:Portsmouth 3509:Teampaill. 3489:Palmerston 3466:Palmerston 3445:Palmerston 3375:Historian 3279:Historian 3228:, and the 3013:Birkenhead 2984:gunrunning 2537:Sevastopol 2465:Lord Derby 2414:Nicholas I 2389:Royal Navy 2044:movement. 1873:amanuensis 1849:Piccadilly 1821:Emily Lamb 1815:, ca. 1810 1809:Emily Lamb 1698:See also: 1614:, who was 1507:Don Carlos 1387:, and the 1260:, and the 1180:War Office 1103:Royal Navy 1038:Volunteers 998:Lord Minto 994:Adam Smith 879:Opium Wars 789:his father 674:Alma mater 633:Emily Lamb 557:1784-10-20 12783:Burlesque 12758:Jewellery 12738:Cosmetics 12204:Souperism 12189:Corn Laws 12098:Rees-Mogg 12083:Lidington 12013:MacGregor 11888:MacDonald 11878:MacDonald 11833:Gladstone 11813:Gladstone 11803:Gladstone 11798:Northcote 11793:Gladstone 11783:Gladstone 11733:Huskisson 11698:Addington 11677:Townshend 11657:Grenville 11647:Grenville 11533:Braverman 11523:Braverman 11483:C. Clarke 11463:K. Clarke 11413:Callaghan 11373:Somervell 11328:Henderson 11323:Bridgeman 11293:Churchill 11288:Gladstone 11153:Duncannon 11148:Melbourne 11138:Lansdowne 11113:Liverpool 11078:Grenville 11058:Townshend 11053:Shelburne 10838:Callaghan 10766:Macmillan 10716:Henderson 10706:MacDonald 10686:Lansdowne 10681:Salisbury 10676:Kimberley 10666:Salisbury 10651:Salisbury 10646:Granville 10641:Salisbury 10631:Granville 10626:Clarendon 10616:Clarendon 10601:Clarendon 10586:Granville 10536:Wellesley 10496:Grenville 10388:Cranborne 10268:Kimberley 10253:Kimberley 10248:Granville 10238:Granville 10223:Granville 10203:Granville 10188:Granville 10163:Melbourne 10153:Melbourne 10123:Grenville 10025:Callaghan 9985:Gaitskell 9970:Churchill 9960:Greenwood 9935:Henderson 9925:MacDonald 9915:MacDonald 9852:Gladstone 9842:Gladstone 9837:Northcote 9827:Gladstone 9817:Gladstone 9570:Callaghan 9535:Macmillan 9521:Churchill 9507:Churchill 9486:MacDonald 9472:MacDonald 9423:Salisbury 9409:Gladstone 9402:Salisbury 9395:Gladstone 9388:Salisbury 9381:Gladstone 9367:Gladstone 9290:Melbourne 9269:Melbourne 9234:Liverpool 9199:Addington 9158:Shelburne 9102:Newcastle 9088:Newcastle 8556:1835–1859 8437:1827–1829 8431:1826–1827 8425:1822–1826 8420:1812–1822 8370:1807–1809 7647:Historian 7626:. (1910) 7612:1855–1865 7466:153007113 7314:Historian 7306:154863763 6791:The Times 6546:The Times 6312:143983887 5733:154617613 5112:Routledge 3677:novel by 3649:novel by 3502:Rathmines 3358:Jan Smuts 3238:very well 2810:chimney. 2761:The Times 2427:Black Sea 2423:Bosphorus 2400:Wallachia 2361:Parkhurst 2322:Truck Act 2093:from the 1942:Lord Grey 1923:Minnesota 1841:townhouse 1788:The Times 1771:Chartists 1763:John Bull 1612:Mahmud II 1601:Karl Marx 1593:Circassia 1419:of 1830. 1385:civil war 1340:Lord Grey 1320:audience. 1227:George IV 1202:becoming 1194:in 1822, 708:Nicknames 696:Signature 452:In office 393:In office 348:In office 305:In office 253:In office 190:In office 145:In office 12815:Category 12773:Painting 12768:Morality 12630:Scotland 12531:Category 12513:Land War 12108:Mordaunt 12078:Grayling 11963:Whitelaw 11953:Crossman 11918:Morrison 11838:Harcourt 11788:Disraeli 11773:Disraeli 11758:Disraeli 11718:Perceval 11620:Robinson 11538:Cleverly 11478:Blunkett 11438:Whitelaw 11418:Maudling 11368:Morrison 11363:Anderson 11263:Matthews 11258:Childers 11248:Harcourt 11173:Normanby 11163:Goulburn 11123:Sidmouth 11088:Portland 10951:Cleverly 10898:Miliband 10843:Crosland 10756:Morrison 10671:Rosebery 10656:Rosebery 10576:Aberdeen 10556:Aberdeen 10531:Bathurst 10511:Mulgrave 10506:Harrowby 10476:Grantham 10313:Hailsham 10263:Rosebery 10218:Richmond 10085:Miliband 10020:Thatcher 9980:Morrison 9940:Lansbury 9862:Harcourt 9822:Disraeli 9812:Disraeli 9802:Disraeli 9792:Disraeli 9787:Disraeli 9769:Bentinck 9729:Ponsonby 9660:Category 9577:Thatcher 9416:Rosebery 9360:Disraeli 9318:Aberdeen 9248:Goderich 9227:Perceval 9220:Portland 9165:Portland 8802:Extinct 8615:to form 8609:Radicals 8605:Peelites 7655:24437747 7582:(1855), 7527:24401363 7115:13 April 7109:Archived 6900:(2013). 6531:Ridley, 6518:Ridley, 6051:Ridley, 6013:Ridley, 5987:Ridley, 5948:Ridley, 5894:Ridley, 5624:Ridley, 5584:Ridley, 5558:Ridley, 5515:32405352 5507:18646391 5313:24425287 5147:Ridley, 4931:Ridley, 4459:Ridley, 4436:: 62–77. 4280:See also 4186:Cabinet. 3762:Victoria 3689:and the 3631:Flashman 3553:, London 3523:Southsea 3504:area of 3182:Ireland. 3137:Tiverton 3045:Prussian 2920:en route 2404:Moldavia 2348:Tasmania 2286:Peelites 2070:Woolwich 2017:Cottiers 1950:tendency 1929:and the 1799:Marriage 1561:Bosporus 1523:Carlists 1483:a treaty 1393:to place 1323:— 1313:Bourbons 1119:Russians 1115:Napoleon 1058:November 960:, was a 840:Peelites 665:(father) 202:Victoria 158:Victoria 62:May 2024 12778:Theatre 12748:Fashion 12743:Erotica 12620:Ireland 12461:Related 12162:General 12103:Spencer 12088:Leadsom 12068:Lansley 12028:Beckett 12003:Wakeham 11938:Macleod 11893:Baldwin 11883:Baldwin 11873:Baldwin 11853:Asquith 11843:Balfour 11828:Balfour 11763:Russell 11753:Russell 11743:Althorp 11728:Canning 11605:Walpole 11498:Johnson 11443:Brittan 11428:Jenkins 11408:Jenkins 11403:Soskice 11348:Gilmour 11298:McKenna 11278:Ritchie 11268:Asquith 11223:Walpole 11203:Walpole 11188:Walpole 11168:Russell 11108:Spencer 10956:Cameron 10913:Johnson 10908:Hammond 10893:Beckett 10878:Rifkind 10828:Stewart 10801:Stewart 10791:Stewart 10741:Halifax 10721:Reading 10696:Balfour 10621:Stanley 10611:Russell 10596:Russell 10546:Canning 10526:Canning 10383:Richard 10343:Addison 10333:Addison 10318:Parmoor 10303:Parmoor 10298:Haldane 10273:Spencer 10198:Russell 10173:Stanley 10100:Starmer 10075:Cameron 10045:Beckett 10035:Kinnock 9930:Baldwin 9920:Baldwin 9910:Asquith 9905:Maclean 9900:Asquith 9882:Balfour 9872:Balfour 9857:Balfour 9797:Russell 9783:Herries 9764:Russell 9754:Russell 9744:Althorp 9734:Tierney 9640:Starmer 9619:Johnson 9605:Cameron 9493:Baldwin 9479:Baldwin 9465:Baldwin 9444:Asquith 9430:Balfour 9346:Russell 9304:Russell 9241:Canning 9137:Grafton 8062:at the 8015:Hansard 7987:: 7945:(1943) 7839:, eds. 7817:1899235 7803:1872562 7789:3020795 7679:1872311 7550:3020744 7519:History 7506:Excerpt 7494:4466386 7480:excerpt 7370:History 7352:(2002) 7298:1876138 7238:1871668 7222:; also 6959:22 June 6150:(ed.), 5937:Turkey. 5930:18 June 5443:Brown, 5293:History 5281:(2013). 5024:Brown, 4796:Brown, 4607:England 4155:Changes 3977:1857 – 3974:Cabinet 3935:Changes 3609:Toronto 3599:Belfast 3592:Bedford 3539:, EH12. 3500:In the 3348:" When 3262:Ireland 3039:Denmark 3030:Alabama 3025:Alabama 3021:Alabama 3017:Alabama 3008:Alabama 2866:slavery 2456:at the 2425:or the 2290:Russell 2257:Marrast 2192:Piraeus 2158:follow. 2149:Quixote 2087:Hungary 2054:Austria 1853:Mayfair 1661:Prussia 1653:Austria 1438:Belgium 1413:Austria 1409:Prussia 1389:Spanish 1159:in 1815 1121:in the 1111:Denmark 1105:in the 1101:by the 1092:Newport 1062:Horsham 1018:Ireland 950:Admiral 922:Ireland 834:formed 650: 638: 617:Liberal 199:Monarch 154:Monarch 12753:Houses 12625:London 12253:People 12113:Powell 12093:Stride 12058:Harman 12023:Taylor 12018:Newton 11998:Biffen 11948:Bowden 11933:Butler 11908:Cripps 11713:Howick 11708:C. 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Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

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