326:
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296:
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34:
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350:
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those actions requested of us in the name of the
Council; and that we will observe the Statutes and Standing Orders of the said Society. Provided that, whensoever any of us shall signify to the President under our hands, that we desire to withdraw from the Society, we shall be free from this Obligation for the future".
401:
580:
The
Council of the Royal Society oversees the selection process and appoints 10 subject area committees, known as Sectional Committees, to recommend the strongest candidates for election to the Fellowship. The final list of up to 52 Fellowship candidates and up to 10 Foreign Membership candidates is
563:
Each candidate for
Fellowship or Foreign Membership is nominated by two Fellows of the Royal Society (a proposer and a seconder), who sign a certificate of proposal. Previously, nominations required at least five fellows to support each nomination by the proposer, which was criticised for supposedly
669:
Book and the
Obligation which reads: "We who have hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise, that we will endeavour to promote the good of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, and to pursue the ends for which the same was founded; that we will carry out, as far as we are able,
572:. The certificate of election (see for example) includes a statement of the principal grounds on which the proposal is being made. There is no limit on the number of nominations made each year. In 2015, there were 654 candidates for election as Fellows and 106 candidates for Foreign Membership.
588:
An indicative allocation of 18 Fellowships can be allocated to candidates from
Physical Sciences and Biological Sciences; and up to 10 from Applied Sciences, Human Sciences and Joint Physical and Biological Sciences. A further maximum of six can be 'Honorary', 'General' or 'Royal' Fellows.
1293:
708:
In addition to the main fellowships of the Royal
Society (FRS, ForMemRS & HonFRS), other fellowships are available which are applied for by individuals, rather than through election. These fellowships are research grant awards and holders are known as Royal Society
364:
and
Ireland, which make up around 90% of the society. Each candidate is considered on their merits and can be proposed from any sector of the scientific community. Fellows are elected for life on the basis of excellence in science and are entitled to use the
2326:
415:
awarded to candidates who have given distinguished service to the cause of science, but do not have the kind of scientific achievements required of
Fellows or Foreign Members. Honorary Fellows include the World Health Organization's Director-General
336:
Up to 60 new
Fellows (FRS), honorary (HonFRS) and foreign members (ForMemRS) are elected annually in late April or early May, from a pool of around 700 proposed candidates each year. New Fellows can only be nominated by existing
1301:
724:
are for outstanding scientists in the UK who are in the early stages of their research career and have the potential to become leaders in their field. Previous holders of URFs to have been elected FRS at a later date include
2279:
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797:
provide established international researchers with an opportunity to develop the research strengths and capabilities of their research group. These are provided by the Newton Fund as part of the UK's
2235:
807:
are for academic scientists who want to work on a collaborative project with industry, and for scientists in industry who want to work on a collaborative project with an academic organisation.
2302:
813:
are for outstanding scientists in the UK at an early stage of their research career who require a flexible working pattern due to personal circumstances. These fellowships are named after
4029:
1866:
1681:
156:
of the
Society, the oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour. It has been awarded to many eminent scientists throughout history, including
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471:
Statute 12 is a legacy mechanism for electing members before official honorary membership existed in 1997. Fellows elected under statute 12 include
940:
830:
2312:
3993:
3988:
292:
since 1900. As of October 2018, there are approximately 1,689 living Fellows, Foreign and Honorary Members, of whom 85 are Nobel Laureates.
4024:
392:
on the basis of excellence in science. As of 2016, there are around 165 foreign members, who are entitled to use the post-nominal ForMemRS.
4019:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
721:
701:
433:
2486:
4014:
852:
1859:
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are for scientists who would benefit from a period of full-time research without teaching and administrative duties, supported by the
2264:
1637:
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2146:
2116:
1615:
1474:
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460:
325:
2644:
2468:
1717:
924:
4050:
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285:
2344:
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1739:
847:
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of Fellows is held at a meeting in May. A candidate is elected if they secure two-thirds of votes of those Fellows voting.
2564:
2401:
1827:
887:
1526:
665:
New Fellows are admitted to the Society at a formal admissions day ceremony held annually in July, when they sign the
2582:
857:
492:
476:
388:
Every year, fellows elect up to ten new foreign members. Like fellows, foreign members are elected for life through
540:
798:
778:
1703:
1560:
1009:
2600:
2508:
1611:
594:
205:
2618:
511:
417:
201:
2454:
700:, a professor of physics, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2016 having previously held a
412:
4055:
1655:
682:
532:
517:
257:
2639:
1721:
1677:
1633:
651:
551:
The election of new fellows is announced annually in May, after their nomination and a period of
361:
289:
1324:
1163:
1031:
4065:
2674:
2415:
2283:
2109:"Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal Princess Anne KG KT GCVO GCStJ QSO GCL FRS Royal Fellow"
1699:
2490:
1593:
2522:
754:
750:
697:
638:
536:
185:
43:
2450:
1743:
1430:
985:
505:
488:
366:
8:
2168:
2078:
1769:
967:
598:
569:
245:
241:
221:
181:
143:
134:
of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of
2138:
2108:
1466:
1434:
989:
673:
Since 2014, portraits of Fellows at the admissions ceremony have been published without
2542:
2198:
1924:
1900:"János Szentágothai 31 October 1912 – 8 September 1994: Elected ForMemRs 20 April 1978"
1899:
1891:
1412:
1275:
1229:
1145:
1099:
1091:
1001:
472:
464:
253:
233:
2634:
2022:
360:
Every year, up to 52 new fellows are elected from the United Kingdom, the rest of the
2419:
2139:"His Royal Highness Prince Edward, Duke of Kent KG GCMG GCVO ADC(P) FRS Royal Fellow"
2004:
1929:
1808:
1448:
1390:
1344:
1221:
1183:
1051:
726:
678:
377:
295:
197:
177:
161:
2546:
2169:"His Royal Highness Prince William, Duke of Cambridge KG KT ADC(P) FRS Royal Fellow"
2048:
1804:
1496:
1233:
1149:
593:
by Sectional Committees, each with at least 12 members and a Chair (all of whom are
2534:
2472:
1994:
1961:
1919:
1911:
1800:
1438:
1421:
1380:
1336:
1265:
1213:
1175:
1135:
1083:
1043:
1005:
993:
976:
949:
788:
734:
605:
437:
1103:
2307:
2259:
2199:"His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh KG Kt OM GBE FRS Statute 12"
1069:
826:
814:
710:
565:
381:
329:
269:
249:
229:
209:
189:
169:
165:
147:
135:
33:
1947:
1408:
1362:
774:
597:). Members of the 10 Sectional Committees change every three years to mitigate
314:
173:
891:
693:
452:(2015). Honorary Fellows are entitled to use the post nominal letters HonFRS.
4044:
2525:(2000). "URFs become FRS: Frances Ashcroft, Athene Donald and John Pethica".
2280:"A bunch of jolly-good fellows or old cronies who don't deserve £25m a year?"
2231:
2202:
2172:
2142:
2112:
2082:
2008:
1895:
1791:
Keeler, C. Richard (2011). "Three Hundred Fifty Years of the Royal Society".
1394:
1348:
1187:
1055:
920:
842:
746:
738:
634:
582:
445:
225:
131:
63:
39:
2538:
1999:
1980:
1965:
1933:
1915:
1812:
1588:
1452:
1385:
1366:
1340:
1270:
1251:
1225:
1217:
1179:
1140:
1121:
1117:
1087:
1047:
953:
770:
758:
742:
646:
524:
449:
425:
309:
300:
281:
273:
217:
157:
1204:(2002). "Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, O.M. 12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994".
766:
762:
629:
610:
590:
552:
499:
441:
429:
421:
389:
353:
265:
213:
139:
601:. Each Sectional Committee covers different specialist areas including:
1247:
1201:
730:
261:
193:
2505:"University Research Fellowship: for outstanding scientists in the UK"
1279:
1095:
400:
317:" with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year.
997:
674:
624:
615:
528:
404:
277:
1950:(2010). "Sir John Royden Maddox. 27 November 1925 – 12 April 2009".
1860:"Fellowship of the Royal Society – a window on the election process"
1695:
1556:
1443:
1416:
971:
2680:
elected fellows, foreign, and honorary members of the Royal Society
1696:"Three University of Aberdeen researchers elected to Royal Society"
237:
2327:"Certificate of Election and candidature: EC/2007/16: Andre Geim"
666:
619:
2236:"Ten Things You Should Know about Election to the Royal Society"
1608:"Eminent cancer researchers elected to Royal Society Fellowship"
822:
349:
338:
153:
91:
1122:"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. 19 October 1910 – 21 August 1995"
938:
Eve, A. S.; Chadwick, J. (1938). "Lord Rutherford 1871–1937".
487:
The Council of the Royal Society can recommend members of the
1740:"Seven Oxford academics elected Fellows of the Royal Society"
1825:
1367:"Francis Harry Compton Crick OM. 8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004"
543:(1951) was elected under statute 12, not as a Royal Fellow.
2561:"Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship"
1652:"Manchester scientists elected as Fellows of Royal Society"
1718:"The Royal Society announces election of new Fellows 2015"
785:
Royal Society Leverhulme Trust senior research fellowships
2398:"Royal Society Admissions Day: photographing new Fellows"
688:
1325:"Satyendra Nath Bose, 1 January 1894 - 4 February 1974"
55:"Contributions to the improvement of natural knowledge"
2303:"Royal societies not recruiting enough women, say MPs"
1584:"Fellows keep Susan Greenfield off Royal Society list"
467:
was elected a Fellow in 1983, under former statute 12.
307:
Fellowship of the Royal Society has been described by
228:(1959). More recently, fellowship has been awarded to
303:
was one of the earliest fellows of the Royal Society.
1986:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1953:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1904:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1372:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1329:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1257:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1206:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1168:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1127:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1075:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1981:"Lisa Jardine CBE. 12 April 1944 – 25 October 2015"
4061:Fellows of learned societies of the United Kingdom
1527:"Elon Musk elected as Fellow of the Royal Society"
1361:
1884:
4042:
2371:"Sectional Committee 9: Patterns in populations"
1826:Council of the Royal Society (29 January 2015).
1036:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
941:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
831:awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society
455:
1852:
2294:
1630:"Royal Society Fellowship for Crick scientist"
1622:
2660:
2438:
2230:
1890:
722:Royal Society University Research Fellowships
313:as "the equivalent of a lifetime achievement
2447:"New images released are quickly put to use"
2255:"Sparks fly over Royal Society gender study"
702:Royal Society University Research Fellowship
434:David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville
341:for one of the fellowships described below:
130:) is an award granted by the Fellows of the
2226:
2224:
1407:
937:
917:"Fellowship of the Royal Society 1660–2015"
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
853:List of female fellows of the Royal Society
495:. As of 2023 there are four royal fellows:
2667:
2653:
2617:. London: royalsociety.org. Archived from
2571:
2553:
2389:
2345:"Sectional Committee 6: Molecules of Life"
2191:
2161:
2131:
2071:
1784:
1754:
1644:
1581:
1164:"Prasantha Chandra Mahalanobis, 1893-1972"
546:
109:Approximately 8,000 (1,743 living Fellows)
32:
2277:
2252:
1998:
1923:
1442:
1384:
1355:
1269:
1194:
1139:
1068:
581:confirmed by the Council in April, and a
527:was not a Royal Fellow, but provided her
2589:
2271:
2221:
1819:
1688:
1666:
1401:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
869:
692:
459:
399:
376:
348:
324:
294:
2607:
2581:. London: Royal Society. Archived from
2471:. London: Royal Society. Archived from
2395:
2329:. London: Royal Society. Archived from
2319:
2101:
1946:
1865:. London: Royal Society. October 2007.
1032:"Sir Jagadis Chunder Bose, 1858 - 1937"
966:
890:. London: Royal Society. Archived from
356:, elected as an Honorary Member in 2013
4043:
2527:Notes and Records of the Royal Society
2461:
2416:"Images released by the Royal Society"
2300:
2246:
1978:
1972:
1940:
1790:
1246:
1200:
1116:
1072:(1955). "Albert Einstein. 1879–1955".
2648:
2444:
2209:from the original on 24 November 2015
2179:from the original on 17 November 2015
2149:from the original on 17 November 2015
2119:from the original on 17 November 2015
2089:from the original on 17 November 2015
2029:from the original on 5 September 2015
1575:
1507:from the original on 20 November 2020
1417:"Obituary: Francis Crick (1916–2004)"
1322:
1012:from the original on 27 November 2020
898:
825:(FRS, HonFRS & ForMemRS) and the
745:(1999). More recent awardees include
689:Research fellowships and other awards
384:, elected as a Foreign Member in 2016
2521:
2515:
2238:. Occam's Typewriter. Archived from
1294:"The Royal Society – Fellow Details"
1110:
848:List of fellows of the Royal Society
16:Award by the Royal Society of London
2497:
1750:from the original on 30 April 2016.
1728:from the original on 24 April 2016.
1710:
1684:from the original on 15 April 2016.
1600:
1537:from the original on 4 January 2021
1300:. 13 September 2020. Archived from
13:
2599:. royalsociety.org. Archived from
1563:from the original on 29 April 2016
395:
14:
4082:
2628:
2445:Byrne, John (11 September 2014).
2377:from the original on 7 March 2023
2351:from the original on 7 March 2023
2059:from the original on 9 March 2023
1872:from the original on 5 April 2016
1840:from the original on 7 March 2023
1706:from the original on 25 May 2016.
1477:from the original on 20 June 2018
1252:"Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954"
858:Royal Fellow of the Royal Society
493:Royal Fellow of the Royal Society
477:John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne
372:
1662:from the original on 7 May 2016.
541:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
531:to the society, as all reigning
2563:. Royal Society. Archived from
2507:. Royal Society. Archived from
2479:
2426:from the original on 7 May 2021
2408:
2363:
2337:
2041:
2015:
1828:"Statutes of the Royal Society"
1805:10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.222
1732:
1636:. 29 April 2016. Archived from
1549:
1519:
1489:
1459:
1316:
1286:
1240:
829:described above, several other
799:official development assistance
718:University research fellowships
589:Nominations for Fellowship are
482:
116:Fellowship of the Royal Society
27:Fellowship of the Royal Society
4071:1663 establishments in England
1156:
1062:
1024:
972:"The Late Srinivasa Ramanujan"
960:
931:
320:
1:
2579:"Newton Advanced Fellowships"
2469:"Professor Brian Cox OBE FRS"
863:
558:
456:Former statute 12 fellowships
407:was elected a Fellow in 1917.
332:was elected a Fellow in 1974.
288:in total, including over 280
4051:Fellows of the Royal Society
2635:Database of current fellows
2615:"Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship"
2487:"Research Fellows directory"
1612:Institute of Cancer Research
1365:; Mitchison, Graeme (2017).
821:In addition to the award of
660:
595:Fellows of the Royal Society
575:
206:Prasanta Chandra Mahalabobis
75:; 361 years ago
7:
836:
811:Dorothy Hodgkin fellowships
795:Newton advanced fellowships
685:which allows wider re-use.
512:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
10:
4089:
1582:Blackstock, Colin (2004).
418:Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
411:Honorary Fellowship is an
202:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
4030:Health and human sciences
4002:
3951:
3820:
3309:
3143:
2902:
2686:
2640:Database of past fellows
1833:. London: Royal Society.
1793:Archives of Ophthalmology
344:
105:
97:
87:
69:
59:
51:
31:
26:
2278:Gallagher, Paul (2002).
2253:Gallagher, Paul (2013).
1979:Hunter, Michael (2017).
1656:University of Manchester
1592:. London. Archived from
704:(URF) from 2005 to 2013.
683:Creative Commons license
681:under a more permissive
518:William, Prince of Wales
1722:University of Cambridge
1678:Imperial College London
1674:"Royal Society Fellows"
1634:Francis Crick Institute
1323:Mehra, Jagdish (1975).
656:Patterns in Populations
652:Multicellular organisms
547:Election of new fellows
413:honorary academic title
362:Commonwealth of Nations
2597:"Industry Fellowships"
2539:10.1098/rsnr.2000.0181
2301:Connor, Steve (2002).
2284:Times Higher Education
2000:10.1098/rsbm.2017.0015
1966:10.1098/rsbm.2009.0024
1916:10.1098/rsbm.2012.0038
1700:University of Aberdeen
1614:. 2016. Archived from
1386:10.1098/rsbm.2017.0010
1341:10.1098/rsbm.1975.0002
1271:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019
1218:10.1098/rsbm.2002.0011
1180:10.1098/rsbm.1973.0017
1141:10.1098/rsbm.1996.0006
1088:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005
1048:10.1098/rsbm.1940.0001
954:10.1098/rsbm.1938.0025
923:. 2015. Archived from
705:
468:
408:
385:
357:
333:
304:
2373:. The Royal Society.
2347:. The Royal Society.
1596:on 13 September 2015.
1559:. The Royal Society.
751:Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
696:
639:environmental science
537:Charles II of England
463:
403:
380:
352:
328:
298:
186:Jagadish Chandra Bose
44:Carlton House Terrace
2621:on 6 September 2015.
2453:blog. Archived from
2451:Wikimedia Foundation
2396:McManus, Jo (2010).
2290:on 30 December 2014.
1772:on 28 September 2020
1744:University of Oxford
968:Neville, Eric Harold
894:on 6 September 2015.
827:Research Fellowships
805:Industry fellowships
506:Anne, Princess Royal
489:British royal family
367:post-nominal letters
38:Headquarters of the
2567:on 18 January 2016.
2511:on 3 February 2016.
2457:on 21 October 2014.
2023:"Fellows Directory"
1435:2004Natur.430..845R
1413:Stevens, Charles F.
990:1921Natur.106..661N
927:on 15 October 2015.
286:around 8,000 others
246:Raghunath Mashelkar
242:Elizabeth Blackburn
222:Satyendra Nath Bose
182:Srinivasa Ramanujan
144:engineering science
2242:on 24 August 2014.
1363:Bretscher, Mark S.
706:
473:David Attenborough
469:
465:David Attenborough
409:
386:
358:
334:
305:
254:Venki Ramakrishnan
234:David Attenborough
4038:
4037:
2603:on 10 April 2016.
2475:on 29 April 2016.
2420:Wikimedia Commons
2404:on 14 April 2015.
2234:(20 April 2012).
2053:The Royal Society
1799:(10): 1361–1365.
1762:"Stephen Hawking"
1724:. 29 April 2016.
1702:. 29 April 2016.
1658:. 29 April 2016.
1429:(7002): 845–847.
1298:The Royal Society
1174:: 455–492. 1973.
1042:(8): 3–12. 1940.
984:(2673): 661–662.
727:Richard Borcherds
679:Wikimedia Commons
643:Molecules of Life
299:Elected in 1672,
198:Winston Churchill
178:Ernest Rutherford
162:Benjamin Franklin
136:natural knowledge
113:
112:
106:Total no. Fellows
4078:
4010:By election year
2669:
2662:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2623:
2622:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2489:. Archived from
2483:
2477:
2476:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2400:. Archived from
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2311:. Archived from
2298:
2292:
2291:
2286:. Archived from
2275:
2269:
2268:
2263:. Archived from
2250:
2244:
2243:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2079:"Prince Charles"
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1993:: rsbm20170015.
1976:
1970:
1969:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1927:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1832:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1768:. Archived from
1758:
1752:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1467:"Atta-Ur Rahman"
1463:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1379:: rsbm20170010.
1359:
1353:
1352:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1248:Newman, M. H. A.
1244:
1238:
1237:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1118:Tayler, Roger J.
1114:
1108:
1107:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
998:10.1038/106661b0
964:
958:
957:
935:
929:
928:
913:
896:
895:
884:
833:are also given.
789:Leverhulme Trust
779:Katherine Willis
735:Frances Ashcroft
711:Research Fellows
677:restrictions in
606:Computer science
570:gentlemen's club
564:establishing an
535:have done since
533:British monarchs
491:for election as
83:
81:
76:
36:
24:
23:
4088:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4056:Academic awards
4041:
4040:
4039:
4034:
3998:
3947:
3816:
3305:
3139:
2898:
2682:
2673:
2631:
2626:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2585:on 15 May 2016.
2577:
2576:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2520:
2516:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2333:on 4 July 2019.
2325:
2324:
2320:
2315:on 25 May 2016.
2308:The Independent
2299:
2295:
2276:
2272:
2267:on 3 July 2013.
2260:The Independent
2251:
2247:
2229:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2055:. 25 May 2020.
2047:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2016:
1977:
1973:
1948:Gratzer, Walter
1945:
1941:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1640:on 25 May 2016.
1628:
1627:
1623:
1618:on 25 May 2016.
1606:
1605:
1601:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1444:10.1038/430845a
1409:Rich, Alexander
1406:
1402:
1360:
1356:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1304:on 7 March 2021
1292:
1291:
1287:
1245:
1241:
1199:
1195:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1115:
1111:
1067:
1063:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1013:
965:
961:
936:
932:
915:
914:
899:
886:
885:
870:
866:
839:
815:Dorothy Hodgkin
691:
663:
578:
566:old boy network
561:
549:
485:
458:
398:
396:Honorary fellow
382:Jennifer Doudna
375:
347:
330:Stephen Hawking
323:
290:Nobel Laureates
270:Ajay Kumar Sood
250:Tim Berners-Lee
230:Stephen Hawking
210:Dorothy Hodgkin
190:Albert Einstein
170:Michael Faraday
166:Charles Babbage
148:medical science
79:
77:
74:
47:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4086:
4085:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2629:External links
2627:
2625:
2624:
2606:
2588:
2570:
2552:
2533:(3): 409–411.
2514:
2496:
2493:on 3 May 2016.
2478:
2460:
2437:
2407:
2388:
2362:
2336:
2318:
2293:
2270:
2245:
2220:
2190:
2160:
2130:
2100:
2070:
2040:
2014:
1971:
1939:
1896:Somogyi, Peter
1892:Gulyas, Balázs
1883:
1851:
1818:
1783:
1753:
1731:
1709:
1687:
1665:
1654:. Manchester:
1643:
1621:
1599:
1574:
1548:
1533:. 9 May 2018.
1518:
1488:
1458:
1400:
1354:
1315:
1285:
1239:
1193:
1155:
1109:
1061:
1023:
959:
948:(6): 394–423.
930:
897:
867:
865:
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
845:
838:
835:
819:
818:
808:
802:
792:
782:
775:David J. Wales
690:
687:
662:
659:
658:
657:
654:
649:
644:
641:
632:
627:
622:
613:
608:
577:
574:
560:
557:
548:
545:
522:
521:
520:, elected 2009
515:
514:, elected 1990
509:
508:, elected 1987
503:
502:, elected 1978
484:
481:
457:
454:
397:
394:
374:
373:Foreign member
371:
346:
343:
322:
319:
258:Atta-ur-Rahman
174:Charles Darwin
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
101:United Kingdom
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
37:
29:
28:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4084:
4083:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4066:Royal Society
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
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3972:
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3967:
3965:
3962:
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3808:
3805:
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3800:
3798:
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3700:
3698:
3695:
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3685:
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3675:
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3668:
3665:
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3640:
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3628:
3625:
3623:
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3605:
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3600:
3598:
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3543:
3540:
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3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
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3493:
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3488:
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3483:
3480:
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3475:
3473:
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3455:
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3425:
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3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
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3333:
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3328:
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2800:
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2010:
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591:peer reviewed
586:
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573:
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553:peer-reviewed
544:
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3952:Alphabetical
3821:21st century
3310:20th century
3144:19th century
2903:18th century
2687:17th century
2679:
2619:the original
2609:
2601:the original
2591:
2583:the original
2573:
2565:the original
2555:
2530:
2526:
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2163:
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2133:
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2103:
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2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2052:
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2043:
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2017:
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1984:
1974:
1957:
1951:
1942:
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1903:
1886:
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1854:
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1821:
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1774:. Retrieved
1770:the original
1765:
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1690:
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1646:
1638:the original
1624:
1616:the original
1602:
1594:the original
1589:The Guardian
1587:
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1530:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1500:
1497:"Andre Geim"
1491:
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1470:
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1426:
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1370:
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1308:13 September
1306:. Retrieved
1302:the original
1297:
1288:
1261:
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1125:
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1026:
1014:. Retrieved
981:
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925:the original
892:the original
820:
810:
804:
794:
784:
771:Beth Shapiro
759:Sarah Bridle
743:John Pethica
717:
707:
672:
664:
647:Cell biology
587:
579:
568:and elitist
562:
550:
525:Elizabeth II
523:
486:
483:Royal Fellow
470:
450:Lisa Jardine
426:Melvyn Bragg
410:
387:
359:
335:
310:The Guardian
308:
306:
301:Isaac Newton
282:Elaine Fuchs
274:Subhash Khot
224:(1958), and
218:Lise Meitner
158:Isaac Newton
152:
138:, including
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:
60:Sponsored by
18:
4003:Other lists
1960:: 237–255.
1910:: 383–406.
1335:: 116–154.
1264:: 253–263.
1212:: 179–219.
1202:Dodson, Guy
888:"Elections"
767:Tanya Monro
763:Shahn Majid
741:(1999) and
630:Engineering
611:Mathematics
555:selection.
500:Charles III
475:(1983) and
448:(2001) and
442:John Maddox
430:Robin Saxby
422:Bill Bryson
390:peer review
354:Bill Bryson
321:Fellowships
284:(2019) and
266:James Dyson
214:Alan Turing
140:mathematics
52:Awarded for
4045:Categories
2523:Cook, Alan
2201:. London:
2171:. London:
2141:. London:
2111:. London:
2081:. London:
1742:. Oxford:
1676:. London:
1632:. London:
1610:. London:
919:. London:
864:References
823:Fellowship
731:Jean Beggs
559:Nomination
262:Andre Geim
194:Paul Dirac
154:Fellowship
2009:0080-4606
1776:23 August
1557:"Fellows"
1511:23 August
1481:23 August
1395:0080-4606
1349:0080-4606
1188:0080-4606
1134:: 80–94.
1082:: 37–67.
1056:1479-571X
755:Brian Cox
698:Brian Cox
675:copyright
661:Admission
625:Chemistry
616:Astronomy
576:Selection
529:patronage
405:Ramanujan
278:Elon Musk
46:in London
4025:Original
2547:58095147
2424:Archived
2375:Archived
2349:Archived
2213:25 April
2207:Archived
2183:25 April
2177:Archived
2153:23 April
2147:Archived
2145:. 1990.
2123:25 April
2117:Archived
2093:23 April
2087:Archived
2057:Archived
2027:Archived
1934:26113752
1898:(2012).
1876:29 March
1867:Archived
1844:29 March
1835:Archived
1813:21987680
1748:Archived
1746:. 2016.
1726:Archived
1704:Archived
1682:Archived
1680:. 2016.
1660:Archived
1561:Archived
1541:22 April
1535:Archived
1531:Sky News
1505:Archived
1475:Archived
1453:15318208
1415:(2004).
1250:(1955).
1234:61764553
1226:13678070
1150:58736242
1120:(1996).
1010:Archived
970:(1921).
837:See also
737:(1999),
733:(1998),
729:(1994),
720:(URFs):
479:(1991).
444:(2000),
440:(2007),
436:(2008),
432:(2015),
428:(2010),
424:(2013),
420:(2022),
280:(2018),
276:(2017),
272:(2015),
268:(2015),
264:(2007),
260:(2006),
256:(2003),
252:(2001),
248:(1998),
244:(1992),
240:(1991),
238:Tim Hunt
236:(1983),
232:(1974),
220:(1955),
216:(1951),
212:(1947),
208:(1945),
204:(1944),
200:(1941),
196:(1930),
192:(1921),
188:(1920),
184:(1918),
180:(1903),
176:(1839),
172:(1824),
168:(1816),
164:(1756),
160:(1672),
124:ForMemRS
88:Location
4020:Founder
2381:7 March
2355:7 March
2063:9 March
1925:4477047
1567:7 March
1431:Bibcode
1016:30 June
1006:4185656
986:Bibcode
667:Charter
620:physics
339:Fellows
98:Country
78: (
4015:Female
2545:
2430:25 May
2007:
1932:
1922:
1811:
1451:
1422:Nature
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1280:769256
1278:
1232:
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1104:619823
1102:
1096:769242
1094:
1054:
1004:
977:Nature
345:Fellow
146:, and
128:HonFRS
92:London
2543:S2CID
2033:9 May
1870:(PDF)
1863:(PDF)
1838:(PDF)
1831:(PDF)
1276:JSTOR
1230:S2CID
1146:S2CID
1100:S2CID
1092:JSTOR
1002:S2CID
369:FRS.
315:Oscar
21:Award
3994:WXYZ
3989:STUV
3828:2001
3812:2000
3317:1901
3301:1900
3151:1801
3135:1800
2910:1701
2894:1700
2694:1660
2676:List
2432:2016
2383:2023
2357:2023
2215:2023
2185:2023
2155:2023
2125:2023
2095:2023
2065:2023
2035:2018
2005:ISSN
1930:PMID
1878:2021
1846:2021
1809:PMID
1778:2018
1569:2023
1543:2023
1513:2018
1483:2018
1449:PMID
1391:ISSN
1345:ISSN
1310:2020
1222:PMID
1184:ISSN
1052:ISSN
1018:2019
777:and
637:and
618:and
126:and
80:1663
73:1663
70:Date
3984:PQR
3979:MNO
3974:JKL
3969:GHI
3964:DEF
3959:ABC
2678:of
2535:doi
1995:doi
1962:doi
1920:PMC
1912:doi
1801:doi
1797:129
1439:doi
1427:430
1381:doi
1337:doi
1266:doi
1214:doi
1176:doi
1136:doi
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150:".
120:FRS
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