Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

1576:, who wrote in his diary: "He is firmly convinced now that Disraeli has played us false, that he is attempting to hustle us into his measure, that Lord Derby is in his hands and that the present form which the question has now assumed has been long planned by him". They agreed to "a sort of offensive and defensive alliance on this question in the Cabinet" to "prevent the Cabinet adopting any very fatal course". Disraeli had "separate and confidential conversations...carried on with each member of the Cabinet from whom he anticipated opposition had divided them and lulled their suspicions". That same night Cranborne spent three hours studying Baxter's statistics and wrote to Carnarvon the day after that although Baxter was right overall in claiming that 30% of £10 ratepayers who qualified for the vote would not register, it would be untrue in relation to the smaller boroughs where the register is kept up to date. Cranborne also wrote to Derby arguing that he should adopt 10 shillings rather than Disraeli's 20 shillings for the qualification of the payers of direct taxation: "Now above 10 shillings you won't get in the large mass of the £20 householders. At 20 shillings I fear you won't get more than 150,000 double voters, instead of the 270,000 on which we counted. And I fear this will tell horribly on the small and middle-sized boroughs". 2514:

front-line British troops, struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberly, and Mafeking, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg in late 1899. Staggered, the British fought back, relieved its besieged cities, and prepared to invade first the Orange Free State, and then Transvaal in late 1900. The Boers refused to surrender or negotiate and reverted to guerrilla warfare. After two years of hard fighting, Britain, using over 400,000 soldiers systematically destroyed the resistance, raising worldwide complaints about brutality. The Boers were fighting for their homes and families, who provided them with food and hiding places. The British solution was to forcefully relocate all the Boer civilians into heavily guarded concentration camps, where 28,000 died of disease. Then it systematically blocked off and tracked down the highly mobile Boer combat units. The battles were small operations; most of the 22,000 British dead were victims of disease. The war cost £217 million and demonstrated the Army urgently needed reforms but it ended in victory for the British and the Conservatives won

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Cranborne agreed to Carnarvon's suggestion that as a Cabinet member he had a right to call a Cabinet meeting. It was planned for the next day, 25 February. Cranborne wrote to Derby that he had discovered that Disraeli's plan would "throw the small boroughs almost, and many of them entirely, into the hands of the voter whose qualification is less than £10. I do not think that such a proceeding is for the interest of the country. I am sure that it is not in accordance with the hopes which those of us who took an active part in resisting Mr Gladstone's Bill last year in those whom we induced to vote for us". The Conservative boroughs with populations less than 25,000 (a majority of the boroughs in Parliament) would be very much worse off under Disraeli's scheme than the Liberal Reform Bill of the previous year: "But if I assented to this scheme, now that I know what its effect will be, I could not look in the face those whom last year I urged to resist Mr Gladstone. I am convinced that it will, if passed, be the ruin of the Conservative party".

1550:, Cranborne criticised officials for "walking in a dream... in superb unconsciousness, believing that what had been must be, and that as long as they did nothing absolutely wrong, and they did not displease their immediate superiors, they had fulfilled all the duties of their station". These officials worshipped political economy "as a sort of 'fetish'... seemed to have forgotten utterly that human life was short, and that man did not subsist without food beyond a few days". Three-quarters of a million people had died because officials had chosen "to run the risk of losing the lives than to run the risk of wasting the money". Cranborne's speech was received with "an enthusiastic, hearty cheer from both sides of the House" and Mill crossed the floor of the Commons to congratulate him on it. The famine left Cranborne with a lifelong suspicion of experts and in the photograph albums at his home covering the years 1866–67 there are two images of skeletal Indian children amongst the family pictures. 2689: 1504:, claiming he was "always being willing to sacrifice anything for peace... colleagues, principles, pledges... a portentous mixture of bounce and baseness... dauntless to the weak, timid and cringing to the strong". The lessons to be learnt from Russell's foreign policy, Salisbury believed, were that he should not listen to the opposition or the press otherwise "we are to be governed... by a set of weathercocks, delicately poised, warranted to indicate with unnerving accuracy every variation in public feeling". Secondly: "No one dreams of conducting national affairs with the principles which are prescribed to individuals. The meek and poor-spirited among nations are not to be blessed, and the common sense of Christendom has always prescribed for national policy principles diametrically opposed to those that are laid down in the 1618:

as Cranborne had foreseen, did not survive the Bill's course through Parliament; dual voting was dropped in March, the compound householder vote in April; and the residential qualification was reduced in May. In the end the county franchise was granted to householders rated at £12 annually. On 15 July the third reading of the Bill took place and Cranborne spoke first, in a speech which his biographer Andrew Roberts has called "possibly the greatest oration of a career full of powerful parliamentary speeches". Cranborne observed how the Bill "bristled with precautions, guarantees and securities" had been stripped of these. He attacked Disraeli by pointing out how he had campaigned against the Liberal Bill in 1866 yet the next year introduced a Bill more extensive than the one rejected. In the peroration, Cranborne said:

11950: 2006: 8037: 79: 1818:, Salisbury believed that Gladstone's proposals for reform without redistribution would mean "the absolute effacement of the Conservative Party. It would not have reappeared as a political force for thirty years. This conviction...greatly simplified for me the computation of risks". At a meeting of the Carlton Club on 15 July, Salisbury announced his plan for making the government introduce a Seats (or Redistribution) Bill in the Commons whilst at the same time delaying a Franchise Bill in the Lords. The unspoken implication being that Salisbury would relinquish the party leadership if his plan was not supported. Although there was some dissent, Salisbury carried the party with him. 1094: 1627:

expressed, and promises made, will be followed by deeds, that we are enabled to carry on this party Government which has led this country to so high a pitch of greatness. I entreat honourable Gentlemen opposite not to believe that my feelings on this subject are dictated simply by my hostility on this particular measure, though I object to it most strongly, as the House is aware. But, even if I took a contrary view – if I deemed it to be most advantageous, I still should deeply regret that the position of the Executive should have been so degraded as it has been in the present session: I should deeply regret to find that the House of Commons has applauded a policy of

12214: 1383:, and New Zealand. He disliked the Boers and wrote that free institutions and self-government could not be granted to the Cape Colony because the Boers outnumbered the British three-to-one, and "it will simply be delivering us over bound hand and foot into the power of the Dutch, who hate us as much as a conquered people can hate their conquerors". He found the Native South Africans "a fine set of men – whose language bears traces of a very high former civilisation", similar to Italian. They were "an intellectual race, with great firmness and fixedness of will" but "horribly immoral" because they lacked theism. 1858:

should meet Gladstone, as he believed the meeting would be found out and that Gladstone had no genuine desire to negotiate. On 17 November, it was reported in the newspapers that if the Conservatives gave "adequate assurance" that the Franchise Bill would pass the Lords before Christmas the government would ensure that a parallel Seats Bill would receive its second reading in the Commons as the Franchise Bill went into committee stage in the Lords. Salisbury responded by agreeing only if the Franchise Bill came second. The Carlton Club met to discuss the situation, with Salisbury's daughter writing:

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appeal to the streets, they attempt legislation by picnic". Salisbury further claimed that Gladstone adopted reform as a "cry" to deflect attention from his foreign and economic policies at the next election. He claimed that the House of Lords was protecting the British constitution: "I do not care whether it is an hereditary chamber or any other – to see that the representative chamber does not alter the tenure of its own power so as to give a perpetual lease of that power to the party in predominance at the moment".

2269:, Balfour and Chamberlain wished to pursue a programme of social reform, which Salisbury believed would alienate "a good many people who have always been with us" and that "these social questions are destined to break up our party". When the Liberals and Irish Nationalists (which were a majority in the new Parliament) successfully voted against the government, Salisbury resigned the premiership on 12 August. His private secretary at the Foreign Office wrote that Salisbury "shewed indecent joy at his release". 2700: 11591: 11544: 1416: 11534: 4291: 2727:, largely agrees with the critics and says Salisbury found the democracy born of the 1867 and 1884 Reform Acts as "perhaps less objectionable than he had expected—succeeding, through his public persona, in mitigating some part of its nastiness." Historian Peter T. Marsh states: "In the field of foreign affairs, where he was happiest and most successful, he kept his own counsel and eschewed broad principles of conduct, preferring close-eyed realism and reliability of conduct." 1947:) which had displaced working-class people and was responsible for "packing the people tighter": "...thousands of families have only a single room to dwell in, where they sleep and eat, multiply, and die... It is difficult to exaggerate the misery which such conditions of life must cause, or the impulse they must give to vice. The depression of body and mind which they create is an almost insuperable obstacle to the action of any elevating or refining agencies". The 2306: 4303: 2227:. Salisbury's comments were criticised by the Queen and by Liberals who believed that Salisbury had suggested that only white Britons could represent a British constituency. Three weeks later, Salisbury delivered a speech at Scarborough, where he denied that "the word "black" necessarily implies any contemptuous denunciation: "Such a doctrine seems to be a scathing insult to a very large proportion of the human race... The people whom we have been fighting at 1641:, entitled 'The Conservative Surrender', Cranborne criticised Derby because he had "obtained the votes which placed him in office on the faith of opinions which, to keep office, he immediately repudiated...He made up his mind to desert these opinions at the very moment he was being raised to power as their champion". Also, the annals of modern parliamentary history could find no parallel for Disraeli's betrayal; historians would have to look "to the days when 12936: 12115: 8972: 12127: 1580: 2368: 1508:". Thirdly: "The assemblies that meet in Westminster have no jurisdiction over the affairs of other nations. Neither they nor the Executive, except in plain defiance of international law, can interfere ... It is not a dignified position for a Great Power to occupy, to be pointed out as the busybody of Christendom". Finally, Britain should not threaten other countries unless prepared to back this up by force: "A willingness to fight is the 2751: 2460:. German officials in Berlin had managed to stop the Kaiser from proposing a German protectorate over the Transvaal. The telegram backfired, as the British began to see Germany as a major threat. The British moved their forces from Egypt south into Sudan in 1898, securing complete control of that troublesome region. However, a strong British force unexpectedly confronted a small French military expedition at Fashoda. Salisbury 4478:, a moderately notable judge and of lower social standing than the Cecils. The marriage proved a happy one. Robert and Georgina had eight children, all but one of whom survived infancy. He was an indulgent father and made sure his children had a much better childhood than the one through which he suffered. Cut off from his family money, Robert supported his family through journalism and was later reconciled with his father. 2436:, to seek much friendlier relations with the United States. By standing with a Latin American nation against the encroachment of the British, the US improved relations with the Latin Americans, and the cordial manner of the procedure improved American diplomatic relations with Britain. Despite the popularity of the Boers in American public opinion, official Washington supported London in the Second Boer War. 1633:; and I should, above all things, regret that this great gift to the people – if gift you think – should have been purchased at the cost of a political betrayal which has no parallel in our Parliamentary annals, which strikes at the root of all that mutual confidence which is the very soul of our party Government, and on which only the strength and freedom of our representative institutions can be sustained. 1539:, Cranborne argued that: "It was not of our atmosphere—it was not in accordance with our habits; it did not belong to us. They all knew that it could not pass. Whether that was creditable to the House or not was a question into which he would not inquire; but every Member of the House the moment he saw the scheme upon the Paper saw that it belonged to the class of impracticable things". 2494:". The uitlanders heavily outnumbered the Boers in cities and mining districts; they had to pay heavy taxes, and had limited civil rights and no right to vote. The British, jealous of the gold and diamond mines and highly protective of its people, demanded reforms, which were rejected. A small-scale private British effort to overthrow Transvaal's President Paul Kruger, the 2231:, and whom we have happily conquered, are among the finest tribes in the world, and many of them are as black as my hat". Furthermore, "such candidatures are incongruous and unwise. The British House of Commons, with its traditions... is a machine too peculiar and too delicate to be managed by any but those who have been born within these isles". Naoroji was elected for 1843:: "Old Salisbury – shame to thy silver hair, Thou mad misleader". On 9 August in Manchester, over 100,000 came to hear Salisbury speak. On 30 September at Glasgow, he said: "We wish that the franchise should pass but that before you make new voters you should determine the constitution in which they are to vote". Salisbury published an article in the 1814:

consulted, when they had, at the last General Election, no notion of what was coming upon them, I feel that we are bound, as guardians of their interests, to call upon the government to appeal to the people, and by the result of that appeal we will abide". The Lords rejected the Bill and Parliament was prorogued for ten weeks. Writing to Canon

1349:, where he did well in French, German, Classics, and Theology, but left in 1845 because of intense bullying. His unhappy schooling shaped his pessimistic outlook on life and his negative views on democracy. He decided that most people were cowardly and cruel, and that the mob would run roughshod over sensitive individuals. 2432:, issued an ultimatum in late 1895. Salisbury's cabinet convinced him he had to go to arbitration. Both sides calmed down and the issue was quickly resolved through arbitration which largely upheld the British position on the legal boundary line. Salisbury remained angry but a consensus was reached in London, led by 2513:

The British were overconfident and underprepared. Chamberlain and other top London officials ignored the repeated warnings of military advisors that the Boers were well prepared, well armed, and fighting for their homes in a very difficult terrain. The Boers with about 33,000 soldiers, against 13,000

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had for the Unionists in 1885. Salisbury explained this by saying in a speech in Edinburgh on 30 November: "But then Colonel Duncan was opposed to a black man, and, however great the progress of mankind has been, and however far we have advanced in overcoming prejudices, I doubt if we have yet got to

1835:

that "the employment of mobs as an instrument of public policy is likely to prove a sinister precedent". On 23 July at Sheffield, Salisbury said that the government "imagine that thirty thousand Radicals going to amuse themselves in London on a given day expresses the public opinion of the day...they

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Following Disraeli's death in 1881, the Conservatives entered a period of turmoil. The party's previous leaders had all been appointed as prime minister by the reigning monarch on advice from their retiring predecessor, and no process was in place to deal with leadership succession in case either the

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observed that Cranborne "remained unmoveable". Derby closed his red box with a sigh and stood up, saying "The Party is ruined!" Cranborne got up at the same time, with Peel remarking: "Lord Cranborne, do you hear what Lord Derby says?" Cranborne ignored this and the three resigning ministers left the

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credo, "Whatever happens will be for the worse, and therefore it is in our interest that as little should happen as possible." Searle says that instead of seeing his party's victory in 1886 as a harbinger of a new and more popular Conservatism, Salisbury longed to return to the stability of the past,

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considers Salisbury "a great foreign minister, essentially negative, indeed reactionary in home affairs". Professor P.T. Marsh's estimate is more favourable than Blake's; he portrays Salisbury as a leader who "held back the popular tide for twenty years." Professor Paul Smith argues that, "into the

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Gladstone offered wavering Conservatives a compromise a little short of enfranchisement and redistribution, and after the Queen unsuccessfully attempted to persuade Salisbury to compromise, he wrote to Rev. James Baker on 30 October: "Politics stand alone among human pursuits in this characteristic,

1821:

Salisbury wrote to Lady John Manners on 14 June that he did not regard female suffrage as a question of high importance "but when I am told that my ploughmen are capable citizens, it seems to me ridiculous to say that educated women are not just as capable. A good deal of the political battle of the

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A patient, pragmatic practitioner, with a keen understanding of Britain's historic interests ... He oversaw the partition of Africa, the emergence of Germany and the United States as imperial powers, and the transfer of British attention from the Dardanelles to Suez without provoking a serious

1904:

laid down that the majority of the 670 constituencies were to be roughly equal in size and return one member; those between 50,000 and 165,000 kept the two-member representation and those over 165,000 and all the counties were split up into single-member constituencies. This franchise existed until

1748:

objected to occupying the city "on the ground of right. Salisbury treated scruples of this kind with marked contempt, saying, truly enough, that if our ancestors had cared for the rights of other people, the British empire would not have been made. He was more vehement than any one for going on. In

1617:

Disraeli introduced his Bill on 18 March and it would extend the suffrage to all rate-paying householders of two years' residence, dual voting for graduates or those of a learned profession, or those with £50 in government funds or in the Bank of England or a savings bank. These "fancy franchises",

2423:

caused a major Anglo-American crisis when the United States intervened to take Venezuela's side. Propaganda sponsored by Venezuela convinced American public opinion that the British were infringing on Venezuelan territory. The United States demanded an explanation and Salisbury refused. The crisis

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entitled 'Constitutional revision'—said that the new government, lacking a majority in England and Scotland, had no mandate for Home Rule and argued that because there was no referendum only the House of Lords could provide the necessary consultation with the nation on policies for organic change.

1899:

dominated discussions as they had both closely studied in detail the effects of reform on the constituencies. After one of the last meetings on 26 November, Gladstone told his secretary that "Lord Salisbury, who seems to monopolise all the say on his side, has no respect for tradition. As compared

1857:

On 11 November, the Franchise Bill received its third reading in the Commons and it was due to get a second reading in the Lords. The day after at a meeting of Conservative leaders, Salisbury was outnumbered in his opposition to compromise. On 13 February, Salisbury rejected MacColl's idea that he

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took place, with a majority of the 150 Conservative MPs present supporting Derby and Disraeli. At the Cabinet meeting on 2 March, Cranborne, Carnarvon and General Peel were pleaded with for two hours not to resign, but when Cranborne "announced his intention of resigning...Peel and Carnarvon, with

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At home he sought to "kill Home Rule with kindness" by launching a land reform programme which helped hundreds of thousands of Irish peasants gain land ownership and largely ended complaints against English landlords. The Elementary School Teachers (Superannuation) Act of 1898 enabled teachers to

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The war had many vehement critics, predominantly in the Liberal Party. However, on the whole, the war was well received by the British public, which staged numerous public demonstrations and parades of support. Soon there were memorials built across Britain. Strong public demand for news coverage

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take charge of the war. British efforts were based from its Cape Colony and the Colony of Natal. There were some native African allies, but generally, both sides avoided using black soldiers. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from across the Empire. All other nations were

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published an article that was extremely critical of Lord Salisbury's remark. It included the following quotation, "Of course the parsees are not black men, but the purest Aryan type in existence, with an average complexion fairer than Lord Salisbury's; but even if they were ebony hued it would be

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On 23 February Cranborne protested in Cabinet and the next day analysed Baxter's figures using census returns and other statistics to determine how Disraeli's planned extension of the franchise would affect subsequent elections. Cranborne found that Baxter had not taken into account the different

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from the ethics of the political adventurer, you may depend upon it the whole of your representative institutions will crumble beneath your feet. It is only because of that mutual trust in each other by which we ought to be animated, it is only because we believe that expressions and convictions

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that they should agree to a £6 borough rating franchise instead of the full household suffrage, and a £20 county franchise rather than £50. The Cabinet agreed to Stanley's proposal. The meeting was so contentious that a minister who was late initially thought they were debating the suspension of

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The same day he met Carnarvon and they both studied the figures, coming to the same result each time: "A complete revolution would be effected in the boroughs" due to the new majority of the working-class electorate. Cranborne wanted to send his resignation to Derby along with the statistics but

1983:

criticised the Bill as "strangling the spirit of independence and the self-reliance of the people, and destroying the moral fibre of our race in the anaconda coils of state socialism", Salisbury responded: "Do not imagine that by merely affixing to it the reproach of Socialism you can seriously

1813:

which would extend the suffrage to two million rural workers. Salisbury and Northcote agreed that any Reform Bill would be supported only if a parallel redistributionary measure was introduced as well. In a speech in the Lords, Salisbury claimed: "Now that the people have in no real sense been

1564:

When parliamentary reform came to prominence again in the mid-1860s, Cranborne worked hard to master electoral statistics until he became an expert. When the Liberal Reform Bill was being debated in 1866, Cranborne studied the census returns to see how each clause in the Bill would affect the

2044:

Salisbury once again kept the foreign office (from January 1887), and his diplomacy continued to display a high level of skill, avoiding the extremes of Gladstone on the left and Disraeli on the right. His policy rejected entangling alliances–which at the time and ever since has been called

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for October, titled 'The Value of Redistribution: A Note on Electoral Statistics'. He claimed that the Conservatives "have no cause, for Party reasons, to dread enfranchisement coupled with a fair redistribution". Judging by the 1880 results, Salisbury asserted that the overall loss to the

1774:

leadership became vacant while the party was in opposition, or the outgoing leader died without designating a successor, situations which both arose from the death of Disraeli (a formal leadership election system would not be adopted by the party until 1964, shortly after the government of

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and then in 1890 allowed it to build houses. However, he came to regret this, saying in November 1894 that the LCC, "is the place where collectivist and socialistic experiments are tried. It is the place where a new revolutionary spirit finds its instruments and collects its arms".

1786:

argues that while Salisbury presided over one of the longest periods of Tory dominance, he misinterpreted and mishandled his election successes. Salisbury's blindness to the middle class and reliance on the aristocracy prevented the Conservatives from becoming a majority party.

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wrote in 1978 that "historical inattention" to Salisbury "involves wilful dismissal of a Conservative tradition which recognizes that threat to humanity when ruling authorities engage in democratic flattery and the threat to liberty in a competitive rush of legislation".

2657:

Due to breathing difficulties caused by his great weight, Salisbury took to sleeping in a chair at Hatfield House. He also experienced a heart condition and later blood poisoning caused by an ulcerated leg. His death in August 1903 followed a fall from that chair.

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which was "at variance with the fundamental principles of our constitution". He would oppose "any such tampering with our representative system as shall disturb the reciprocal powers on which the stability of our constitution rests". In 1867, after his brother

1886:

handwriting yielding the point entirely. Tableau and triumph along the line for the "stiff" policy which had obtained terms which the funkers had not dared hope for. My father's prevailing sentiment is one of complete wonder...we have got all and more than we

1399:" and claimed that was due to "the government was that of the Queen, not of the mob; from above, not from below. Holding from a supposed right (whether real or not, no matter)" and from "the People the source of all legitimate power," Cecil said of the 2216:

the point where a British constituency will elect a black man to represent them.... I am speaking roughly and using language in its colloquial sense, because I imagine the colour is not exactly black, but at all events, he was a man of another race."

1464:

complained of being addressed by constituents in a hotel, Cecil responded: "A hotel infested by influential constituents is worse than one infested by bugs. It's a pity you can't carry around a powder insecticide to get rid of vermin of that kind".

2618:

secure an annuity via the payment of voluntary contributions. The Elementary Education (Defective and Epileptic Children) Act of 1899 permitted school boards to provide for the education of mentally and physically defective and epileptic children.

1900:

with him, Mr Gladstone declares he is himself quite a Conservative. They got rid of the boundary question, minority representation, grouping and the Irish difficulty. The question was reduced to... for or against single member constituencies". The

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room. Cranborne's resignation speech was met with loud cheers and Carnarvon observed that it was "moderate and in good taste – a sufficient justification for us who seceded and yet no disclosure of the frequent changes in policy in the Cabinet".

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characterises his personality as "deeply neurotic, depressive, agitated, introverted, fearful of change and loss of control, and self-effacing but capable of extraordinary competitiveness." A representative of the landed aristocracy, he held the

1854:

that no one is conscious of liking them – and no one is able to leave them. But whatever affection they may have had they are rapidly losing. The difference between now and thirty years ago when I entered the House of Commons is inconceivable".

2049:". He was successful in negotiating differences over colonial claims with France and others. The major problems were in the Mediterranean, where British interests had been involved for a century. It was now especially important to protect the 1480:

was the foremost conservative journal of the age and of the twenty-six issues published between spring 1860 and summer 1866, Cecil had anonymous articles in all but three of them. He also wrote lead articles for the Tory daily newspaper the

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electoral prospects in each seat. Cranborne did not expect Disraeli's conversion to reform, however. When the Cabinet met on 16 February 1867, Disraeli voiced his support for some extension of the suffrage, providing statistics amassed by

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goldfields in Australia, he claimed that "there is not half as much crime or insubordination as there would be in an English town of the same wealth and population". Ten thousand miners were policed by four men armed with carbines and, at

1984:

affect the progress of any great legislative movement, or destroy those high arguments which are derived from the noblest principles of philanthropy and religion". The Bill ultimately passed and came into effect on 14 August 1885.

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of diplomacy, just as much as a readiness to go to court is the starting point of a lawyer's letter. It is merely courting dishonour, and inviting humiliation for the men of peace to use the habitual language of the men of war".

1743:

recorded in his diary that "f all present Salisbury by far the most eager for action: he talked of our sliding into a position of contempt: of our being humiliated etc." At the Cabinet meeting the next day, Derby recorded that

1395:, 30,000 people were protected by 200 policemen, with over 30,000 ounces (850,000 g) of gold mined per week. He believed that there was "generally far more civility than I should be likely to find in the good town of 11129: 7245: 2713:

Many historians portray Salisbury as a principled statesman of traditional, aristocratic conservatism: a prime minister who promoted cautious imperialism and resisted sweeping parliamentary and franchise reforms.

2166:") which came after years of diplomatic conflict about several African territories with Portugal and other powers. Portugal, financially hard-pressed, had to abandon several territories corresponding to today's 1850:

Conservatives of enfranchisement without redistribution would be 47 seats. Salisbury spoke throughout Scotland and claimed that the government had no mandate for reform when it had not appealed to the people.

1338:. This wealth increased sharply in 1821, when his father married his mother, Frances Mary Gascoyne, heiress of a wealthy merchant and Member of Parliament who had bought large estates in Essex and Lancashire. 2035:

noted in his diary in 1887 he was: "the prime minister most accessible to the press. He is not prone to give information: but when he does, he gives it freely, & his information can always be relied on."

2582:(realistic politics) was abandoned as Germany was intent on challenging and upsetting international order. The long-run result was the inability of Britain and Germany to be friends or to form an alliance. 2363:

in Central Asia, the line that separated Russia and British India in 1800 was narrowing. In China the British economic dominance was threatened by other powers that wanted to control slices of China.

4364:) upon its founding in 1982. Cowling claimed that "The giant of conservative doctrine is Salisbury". It was on Cowling's suggestion that Paul Smith edited a collection of Salisbury's articles from the 1588:

types of boroughs in the totals of new voters. In small boroughs under 20,000 the "fancy franchises" for direct taxpayers and dual voters would be less than the new working-class voters in each seat.

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off the German coast. However, with peace-minded Bismarck retired by an aggressive new Kaiser, tensions rose and negotiations faltered. France retreated in Africa after the British dominated in the

2490:, who descended from Dutch immigrants to the area before 1800. The newly arrived miners were needed for their labour and business operations but were distrusted by the Afrikaners, who called them " 1778:

fell). Salisbury became the leader of the Conservative members of the House of Lords, though the overall leadership of the party was not formally allocated. So he struggled with the Commons leader

11184: 2347:'s erratic foreign policy, and the instability caused by the decline of the Ottoman Empire. France was threatening British control of Sudan. In the Americas, for domestic political reasons, U.S. 1937:

Salisbury wrote an article titled "Labourers' and Artisans' Dwellings" in which he argued that the poor conditions of working-class housing were injurious to morality and health. Salisbury said "

1604:. The next day another Cabinet meeting took place, with Cranborne saying little and the Cabinet adopting Disraeli's proposal to bring in a Bill in a week's time. On 28 February a meeting of the 12577: 11159: 1447:

in Lincolnshire. He retained this seat until he succeeded to his father's peerages in 1868 and it was not contested during his time as its representative. In his election address, he opposed

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acquired a strong reputation for resolute coercion in Ireland, and was promoted to leadership in the Commons in 1891. The Prime Minister proved adept at his handling of the press, as Sir

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in April 1982, on the second anniversary of Zimbabwe's independence. Cecil Square, near to Parliament, was also named after him and not, as is erroneously but popularly thought, after

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I desire to protest, in the most earnest language which I am capable of using, against the political morality on which the manoeuvres of this year have been based. If you borrow your

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War started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902 as Great Britain faced the two small far-away Boer nations. The Prime Minister let his extremely energetic colonial minister

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An Anglo-German agreement (1890) resolved conflicting claims in East Africa; Great Britain received large territories in Zanzibar and Uganda in exchange for the small island of

2027:. Maintaining the alliance forced Salisbury to make concessions in support of progressive legislation regarding Irish land purchases, education, and county councils. His nephew 11149: 10699: 7986: 1874:

cried out declaring that he would accept no compromise at all as it was absurd to imagine the Government conceding it. When the discussion was at its height (very high) enter

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When Cranborne entered the Cabinet meeting on 25 February "with reams of paper in his hands" he began by reading statistics but was interrupted to be told of the proposal by

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in 1886 and 1892, but declined both offers, citing the prohibitive cost of the lifestyle dukes were expected to maintain and stating that he would rather have an ancient

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by 419 to 41 in September 1893, but Salisbury stopped them from opposing the Liberal Chancellor's death duties in 1894. In 1894 Salisbury also became president of the

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Trouble arose with Portugal, which had overextended itself in building a colonial empire in Africa it could ill afford. There was a clash of colonial visions between

1249:, avoiding a war or serious confrontation with the other powers. He remained as prime minister until Gladstone's Liberals formed a government with the support of the 13051: 13001: 12971: 7979: 2253:

Documents in the Foreign Office archives revealed that Salisbury was made aware of a rape in 1891 and other atrocities carried out against women and children in the

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of New Zealand: "The natives seem when they have converted to make much better Christians than the white man". A Maori chief offered Cecil 5 acres (2 ha) near

11169: 2097:; that it would be maintained "to a standard of strength equivalent to that of the combined forces of the next two biggest navies in the world". This was aimed at 4350:

considered Salisbury "the most formidable intellectual figure that the Conservative party has ever produced". In 1977 the Salisbury Group was founded, chaired by

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To date he is the only British prime minister to sport a full beard. At 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm) tall, he was also the tallest prime minister.

1991:

in 1886 enabled him to return to power with a majority, and, excepting a Liberal minority government (1892–95), to serve as prime minister from 1886 to 1902.

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Goodlad, Graham, "Salisbury as Premier: Graham Goodlad Asks Whether Lord Salisbury Deserves His Reputation as One of the Great Victorian Prime Ministers,"

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in the North Sea. Negotiations with Germany on broader issues failed. In January 1896 German Kaiser Wilhelm II escalated tensions in South Africa with his

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said of Lord Salisbury's acceptance of the Arbitration Treaty that it was "one of the worst acts of what I regard as a very stupid and worthless life".

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Teresa Coelho, "'Pérfida Albion'and'Little Portugal': The Role of the Press in British and Portuguese National Perceptions of the 1890 Ultimatum."

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President Cleveland twists the tail of the British Lion regarding Venezuela—a policy hailed by Irish Catholics in the United States; cartoon in

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Scott A. Keefer, "Reassessing the Anglo-German Naval Arms Race." (University of Trento School of International Studies Working Paper 3, 2006).

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Historians agree that Salisbury was a strong and effective leader in foreign affairs. He had a superb grasp of the issues, and was never a "

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as part of a wider bid to alter the international balance of power decisively in Germany's favour. At the same time German foreign minister

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Salisbury–Balfour Correspondence: Letters Exchanged between the Third Marquess of Salisbury and his nephew Arthur James Balfour, 1869–1892

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was very briefly a member of the House of Lords at the start of his premiership, but he renounced his peerage and subsequently sat in the

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On 25 July at a reform meeting in Leicester consisting of 40,000 people, Salisbury was burnt in effigy and a banner quoted Shakespeare's

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On 11 July 1902, in failing health and broken-hearted over the death of his wife, Salisbury resigned. He was succeeded by his nephew,

2343:" had left Britain with no allies and few friends. In Europe, Germany was worrisome regarding its growing industrial and naval power, 1375:, but did not enjoy law. His doctor advised him to travel for his health, and so, from July 1851 to May 1853, Cecil travelled through 1218:, Salisbury returned as Secretary of State for India, and, in 1878, was appointed foreign secretary, and played a leading part in the 13076: 11674: 11164: 9982: 9713: 9658: 9648: 9147: 9018: 8410: 7832: 7769: 1883: 1360:

or "Tractarianism" to be an intoxicating force, and had an intense religious experience that shaped his life. He was involved in the

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politician. In 1857, he defied his father, who wanted him to marry a rich heiress to protect the family's lands. He instead married

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In 1866 Cecil, now known by the courtesy title Viscount Cranborne after the death of his brother, entered the third government of

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neutral, but public opinion in them was largely hostile to Britain. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was a significant

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is an admirable doctrine but it must be applied on both sides", as Parliament had enacted new building projects (such as the

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The Empire – Commonwealth 1870–1919' (1959) p. 915 and passim; coverage of Salisbury's foreign and imperial policies;

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imposed strict censorship and had no friends in the media, who wrote him up as a blundering buffoon. In dramatic contrast,

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future will be a conflict between religion and unbelief: & the women will in that controversy be on the right side".

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A Selection from the Diaries of Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby (1826–93) between September 1869 and March 1878

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A Selection from the Diaries of Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby (1826–93) between September 1869 and March 1878

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Historians agree that Salisbury was a strong and effective leader in foreign affairs, with a wide grasp of the issues.

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The House of Lords and Ideological Politics: Lord Salisbury's Referendal Theory and the Conservative Party, 1846–1922

7065: 6407: 6367: 5961: 5782: 5515: 5488: 5130: 4512:(23 October 1861 – 4 April 1947); he married Lady Cicely Gore on 17 May 1887. They had seven children. 4482: 4184: 4084: 2631: 2507: 2093:) Britain had possessed a navy one-third larger than their nearest naval rival but now the Royal Navy was set to the 2023:

Salisbury was back in office, although without a conservative majority; he depended on the Liberal Unionists, led by

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Otte, T. G. "A question of leadership: Lord Salisbury, the unionist cabinet and foreign policy making, 1895–1900."

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before and during most of his tenure. He avoided international alignments or alliances, maintaining the policy of "

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and named after the 3rd Marquess. It published pamphlets advocating conservative policies. The academic quarterly

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Salisbury returned to government in 1874, serving once again as Secretary of State for India in the government of

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by Consul George Annesley and his soldiers but took no action against Annesley, who was "quietly pensioned off."

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Gibb, Paul. "Unmasterly Inactivity? Sir Julian Pauncefote, Lord Salisbury, and the Venezuela Boundary Dispute."

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Britain reacted to Germany's accelerated naval arms race with major innovations, especially those developed by

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Although unable to accomplish much due to his lack of a parliamentary majority, the split of the Liberals over

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Salisbury became prime minister of a minority administration from 1885 to 1886. In the November 1883 issue of

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in India, Cranborne spoke out against experts, political economy, and the government of Bengal. Utilising the

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from a small, coastal defence force to a fleet meant to challenge British naval power. Tirpitz called for a

1653:". Disraeli responded in a speech that Cranborne was "a very clever man who has made a very great mistake". 1245:. His biggest achievement in this term was obtaining the majority of the new territory in Africa during the 78: 12902: 12361: 12194: 11495: 11429: 11274: 11214: 9962: 9643: 9528: 8259: 7923: 7759: 7640: 7556: 7437: 7410: 5668: 4914: 4609: 1863: 1528: 1222:. After Disraeli's death in 1881, Salisbury emerged as the Conservative leader in the House of Lords, with 1207: 748: 481: 7005:

Otte, T. G. "'Floating Downstream'? Lord Salisbury and British Foreign Policy, 1878–1902", in Otte (ed.),

4524:(14 September 1864 – 24 November 1958); he married Lady Eleanor Lambton on 22 January 1889. 4518:(9 March 1863 – 23 June 1936); he married Lady Florence Bootle-Wilbraham on 16 August 1887. 3358: 1569:, showing that 330,000 people would be given the vote and all except 60,000 would be granted extra votes. 12681: 12447: 12399: 11659: 11501: 11061: 10353: 10224: 9443: 9039: 8577: 8459: 8141: 7365: 7074: 5090: 4985: 4948: 4515: 4403: 4373: 4248: 4064: 3461: 2845: 1891:

Despite the controversy which had raged, the meetings of leading Liberals and Conservatives on reform at

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Lord Derby. Salisbury resigned from his government in protest against proposals for parliamentary reform.

1536: 1122: 990: 64: 7260: 6915: 2572:(world politics). It was the new policy of Germany to assert its claim to be a global power. Chancellor 2321:. In that capacity, he managed Britain's foreign affairs, but he was being sarcastic about a policy of " 13036: 12914: 12504: 12485: 12336: 12222: 11565: 11466: 11349: 11026: 9796: 7613: 7384: 7375: 7033: 6954: 6719: 6399:

Special Kids For Special Treatment: How Special Do You Need To Be To Find Yourself In A Special School?

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Salisbury's expertise was in foreign affairs. For most of his time as prime minister, he served not as

1757:

In 1878, Salisbury became foreign secretary in time to help lead Britain to "peace with honour" at the

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Foundations of British Foreign Policy from Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902); Or, Documents, Old and New

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into service in 1906, which rendered all the world's battleships obsolete and set back German plans.

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over the following four years. This was the biggest ever expansion of the navy in peacetime: ten new

2000: 1729: 1365: 1311: 1069: 30:"Lord Salisbury" and "The Marquess of Salisbury" redirect here. For other holders of the title, see 12172: 11219: 11154: 10980: 10902: 10765: 9882: 9182: 8752: 8521: 8507: 8487: 8373: 8016: 7971: 7931: 7811: 7484: 7107: 6920: 5811:

Grenville, J. A. S. (1958). "Goluchowski, Salisbury, and the Mediterranean Agreements, 1895–1897".

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Steele, David. "Three British Prime Ministers and the Survival of the Ottoman Empire, 1855–1902."

4571: 1261:, and Salisbury for the third and last time became prime minister. He led Britain to victory in a 12862: 12804: 12369: 11433: 11239: 11204: 11109: 11016: 10870: 10069: 9887: 9765: 9688: 9167: 9157: 9142: 9132: 8724: 8710: 8696: 8682: 7687: 7593: 7576: 7511: 7501: 6357: 4920: 4475: 4467: 4117: 3939: 3601: 3203: 3074: 2910: 2693: 2392: 1879: 1432: 1396: 1227: 1184: 926: 891: 177: 7041: 6715:

From Aristotelian to Reaganomics: A Dictionary of Eponyms With Biographies in the Social Science

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Smith, Paul. 'Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-, third marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903)',

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Considerable attention has been devoted to his writings and ideas. The Conservative historian

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Robert had a miserable childhood, with few friends, and filled his time with reading. He was

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Warren, Allen. "Lord Salisbury and Ireland, 1859–87: Principles, Ambitions and Strategies."

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This is a long biography, written in the context of 1911, with a Conservative point of view.

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Lord Salisbury on Politics. A Selection from his Articles in the Quarterly Review, 1860–1883

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When Salisbury died his estate was valued at £310,336, (equivalent to £42,092,894 in 2023).

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Lord Salisbury on Politics. A Selection from His Articles in the Quarterly Review, 1860–83

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Lord Salisbury On Politics. A Selection from His Articles in the Quarterly Review, 1860–83

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The Boers were given generous terms, and both former republics were incorporated into the

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Lord Salisbury and Nationality in the East: Viewing Imperialism in Its Proper Perspective

7104:, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, October 2009, accessed 8 May 2010. 4410: 4295: 4243: 4216: 3674: 3649: 3571: 3278: 2890: 2885: 2840: 2815: 2780: 2498:

of 1895, was a fiasco and presaged full-scale conflict as all diplomatic efforts failed.

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and a 1902 treaty with Japan resolved the China crisis. However, in South Africa a nasty

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Jones, Andrew, and Michael Bentley, 'Salisbury and Baldwin', in Maurice Cowling. ed.,

3989: 1681:, which was then experiencing losses. During his tenure, the company was taken out of 12872: 12867: 12799: 12126: 11971: 11914: 11654: 11619: 11609: 11595: 11269: 11189: 10644: 10588: 10522: 10472: 10229: 10164: 10149: 10139: 10124: 10054: 10040: 9972: 9543: 9380: 9335: 9315: 9285: 9137: 9127: 9117: 9107: 9102: 9034: 8892: 8857: 8836: 8822: 8689: 8675: 8153: 7874: 7233: 7061: 6986:

The Discipline of Popular Government: Lord Salisbury's Domestic Statecraft, 1881–1902

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Public Archives of Canada, Gowan Papers, M-1900, Thompson to Gowan, 20 September 1893

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The Discipline of Popular Government: Lord Salisbury's Domestic Statecraft, 1881–1902

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In foreign affairs, Salisbury was challenged worldwide. The long-standing policy of "

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Penson, Lillian M. "The Principles and Methods of Lord Salisbury's Foreign Policy."

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Stuart Anderson, "Racial Anglo-Saxonism and the American Response to the Boer War."

1782:, a struggle in which Salisbury eventually emerged as the leading figure. Historian 1735:

During a Cabinet meeting on 7 March 1878, a discussion arose over whether to occupy

1364:, serving as its secretary and treasurer. In 1853, he was elected a prize fellow of 12031: 11981: 11904: 11894: 11854: 11844: 11229: 10402: 10134: 9857: 9360: 9295: 9275: 9250: 9240: 9230: 8850: 8801: 8787: 8542: 8431: 8251: 8202: 7249: 6797:

Making Aristocracy Work: The Peerage and the Political System in Britain, 1884–1914

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points to "the narrow cynicism of Salisbury." One admirer, conservative historian

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argued that Salisbury had sailed into "the turbid waters of State Socialism"; the

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later that year, Salisbury opposed him and formed an alliance with the breakaway

248: 7267:"Archival material relating to Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury" 6902:

The Governing Passion: Cabinet Government and Party Politics in Britain, 1885–86

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E. W. McFarland, "Commemoration of the South African War in Scotland, 1900–10."

3969: 3626: 3303: 2699: 2649:(GCVO), with the order star set in brilliants, during his resignation audience. 1400: 12821: 12298: 12089: 12046: 12036: 11834: 11684: 11664: 11590: 10816: 10656: 10537: 10454: 10445: 10373: 10298: 10293: 10169: 10079: 9935: 9430: 9405: 9395: 9385: 9300: 9290: 9280: 9260: 9197: 9187: 9172: 9049: 8829: 8745: 8556: 8498: 8382: 8290: 8165: 7859: 7822: 7796: 7750: 6907: 6519: 6515:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 6014:

D. R. Gillard, "Salisbury's African Policy and the Heligoland Offer of 1890."

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Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-, third marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903)

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R.A. Humphreys, "Anglo-American rivalries and the Venezuela Crisis of 1895."

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and the sea lanes to India and Asia. He ended Britain's isolation through the

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Andrew Jones and Michael Bentley, "Salisbury and Baldwin", in Cowling (ed.),

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R.A. Humphreys, "Anglo-American Rivalries and the Venezuela Crisis of 1895"

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Portraits of Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

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Foundations of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902)

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Lord Salisbury's World: Conservative Environments in Late-Victorian Britain

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became German Naval Secretary of State and began the transformation of the

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in 1902 and died in 1903. He was the last prime minister to serve from the

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Lord Robert Cecil, later known as Lord Salisbury, was first elected to the

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broke out in 1899 and for a few months it seemed the Boers were winning.

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to write Salisbury's authorised biography, which was published in 1999.

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as prime minister in June 1885, and held the office until January 1886.

12026: 12021: 12006: 11986: 11919: 11011: 10610: 10491: 10481: 10476: 10467: 10458: 10449: 10274: 10154: 9370: 9365: 8906: 8899: 7040:(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1999), a standard scholarly biography; 940pp 7027: 6886:"Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of" 6821: 6120: 6071: 6055:

Lord Salisbury, and Foreign Policy: The Close of the Nineteenth Century

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Hon. Fanny Georgina Mildred Cecil (1865 – 24 April 1867)

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with the United States erupted. A border dispute between the colony of

2384: 2360: 2287:, presenting a notable inaugural address on 4 August of that year. The 2074: 2070: 2050: 1524: 1211: 1046: 119: 6912:

Lord Salisbury and Foreign Policy: The Close of the Nineteenth Century

5875:"Revealed: How Lord Salisbury hid rape by his British consul in Benin" 5799:

Lord Salisbury and foreign policy: the close of the nineteenth century

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meant that the war was well covered by journalists – including young

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A History of England: Period V. Imperial Reaction Victoria 1880–1901

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or "risk fleet" that would make it too risky for Britain to take on

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Monument commemorating Salisbury's burial at St Etheldreda Church,

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pampered the press, which responded by making him a national hero.

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Works by or about Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

6756: 2530:– and photographers, as well as letter-writers and poets. General 7255: 5862:. London (published 9 December 1888). 8 December 1888. p. 1. 5681:

Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1900

4275: 3807: 3767: 3561: 3010: 2927: 2669:, is also interred. Salisbury is commemorated with a monumental 2086: 2078: 1387: 1342: 12666: 8359: 8321: 6115:

T. W. Riker, "A Survey of British Policy in the Fashoda Crisis"

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Original Spin: Downing Street and the Press in Victorian Britain

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Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood

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Cranborne studied Baxter's statistics and on 21 February he met

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An Epitomized History of the Militia (The Constitutional Force)

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grotesque and foolish for a Prime Minister of England [

2228: 2171: 2167: 1335: 6945:"Salisbury's African Policy and the Heligoland Offer of 1890," 5454:

History of government: Prime Ministers in the House of Lords,

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in 1892 and Salisbury invited him to become a Governor of the

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when his party's main function was to restrain what he saw as

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Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

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E. R. Turton, "Lord Salisbury and the Macdonald expedition."

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James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury

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unmercifully at the schools he attended. In 1840, he went to

1179:; 3 February 1830 – 22 August 1903), known as 6252:(1961) pp 69–136, focuses on British politics and diplomacy. 4485:(11 April 1858 – 27 April 1950); she married 1191:

three times for a total of over thirteen years. He was also

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The Makers of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt to Thatcher

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Maurice Cowling, 'The Present Position', in Cowling (ed.),

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said his article was "State socialism pure and simple" and

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The Age of Disraeli, 1868–1881: The Rise of Tory Democracy

6660:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. xxix, n. 2406: 1719: 1518: 10728: 6854:

Security and Progress: Lord Salisbury at the India Office

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In December 1856 Cecil began publishing articles for the

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Conservative Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom

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contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Salisbury

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House of Commons Debates 30 May 1867 vol. 187 cc1296–363

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Unionist government, 1895–1905 § Salisbury ministry

2250:] to insult them in such a wanton fashion as this." 1685:, and paid out a small dividend on its ordinary shares. 1265:, and led the Unionists to another electoral victory in 7152:

Ellenberger, Nancy W. "Salisbury" in David Loades, ed.

6974:(2nd ed. 1950), a standard diplomatic history of Europe 6804:

The Cambridge History of the British Empire Vol. iii:

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An Introductory History of English Education Since 1800

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Nancy W. Ellenberger, "Salisbury" in David Loades, ed.

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International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

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Lord Hugh Richard Heathcote Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood

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Lord Rupert Ernest William Cecil, Lord Bishop of Exeter

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Timeline of British diplomatic history § 1897–1919

1728:, and Britain's Ambassador Plenipotentiary at the 1876 13022:

Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies

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In 1895 and 1900 he was honoured with appointments as

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claimed Salisbury was "in favour of state socialism".

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In 1868, on the death of his father, he inherited the

5726:(London: The Royal Historical Society, 1994), p. 522. 1214:'s Conservative government 1866–1867. In 1874, under 1168: 1162: 1154: 1148: 1145: 11441:

European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance

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Organisations associated with the Conservative Party

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The Age of Salisbury, 1881–1902: Unionism and Empire

6835:(vol 5, 1904); detailed political narrative; 295pp; 6432:. No. 36047. London. 24 January 1900. p. 9 2379:

The tension with Germany had subsided in 1890 after

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The Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science

5712:. London: United Service Gazette. pp. 286–289. 5467:

Smith 1972 cited in Ellenberger, "Salisbury" 2:1154

4539:(14 October 1869 – 10 December 1956) 2632:

High Steward of the City and Liberty of Westminster

2207:by-election for the Unionists, beating the Liberal 2158:'s expeditions to Africa) and the British Empire ( 1825:On 21 July, a large meeting for reform was held at 1296:

ranked in the upper tier of British prime ministers

1159: 1136: 13092:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 12992:20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom 12987:19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom 6738:"Prosopagnosia in biographies and autobiographies" 6460:. No. 36820. London. 15 July 1902. p. 10 6042:The foreign policy of Victorian England, 1830–1902 5894: 5851: 2486:were small, rural, independent nations founded by 2285:British Association for the Advancement of Science 1645:directed the Council, and accepted the favours of 1410: 1294:liberalism and democratic excess. He is generally 11130:Conservative National Property Advisory Committee 8106:Georgina Gascoyne-Cecil, Marchioness of Salisbury 5669:The Great landowners of Great Britain and Ireland 2510:because of the atrocities and military failures. 13052:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 13002:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs 12972:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 12958: 12853:Mathematics, science, technology and engineering 8003:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 7283:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 6635:(London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1966), p. 499. 5761:(Cambridge University Press, 1972), p. 18, n. 1. 4352:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess of Salisbury 1979:in the Commons and Salisbury in the Lords. When 1677:. Between 1868 and 1871, he was chairman of the 1269:. He relinquished the premiership to his nephew 9019:Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom 8136:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury 8118:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury 6895:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). pp. 72–76. 6172:The Origins of the South African War, 1899–1902 5366:before the death of his elder brother in 1865, 4464:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury 1752: 1226:leading the party in the Commons. He succeeded 1022:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury 13112:British royalty and nobility with disabilities 7211:Harold Temperley, and Lillian M. Penson, eds; 6607:Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England 6355: 5979:The Great Game; On Secret Service in High Asia 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5476: 1710:4th (Militia) Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment 1277:throughout the entirety of their premiership. 12682: 12578: 12158: 11573: 9750: 9003: 8345: 7987: 7291:– article by Andrew Roberts; historytoday.com 7201:(London: The Royal Historical Society, 1994). 7053: 6555:The Conservative Party from Peel to Churchill 6395: 6250:Imperialism and the rise of Labour, 1895–1905 5938:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics 5770: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5433:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 4550: 4327: 2603:" but rather, says Nancy W. Ellenberger, was: 2456:of the Transvaal for beating off the British 2383:exchanged German holdings in East Africa for 2123: 1318:Gascoyne. He was a patrilineal descendant of 10940: 8322:The Marquess of Salisbury navigational boxes 8148:Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood 7318: 6931:Salisbury 1830–1903: Portrait of a Statesman 6501: 6159:Joseph Chamberlain: entrepreneur in politics 6133:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 6119:44#1 (1929), pp. 54–78 DOI: 10.2307/2142814 6068:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 6029:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5949: 5503: 2942: 2294: 2272:Salisbury—in an article in November for the 1912: 1485:. In 1859 Cecil was a founding co-editor of 12827:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 12592: 11484:European Conservatives and Reformists Group 11424:European Conservatives and Reformists Party 11140:Conservative Science & Technology Forum 7289:Salisbury, The Empire Builder Who Never Was 6993:Britain and the Eastern question, 1875–1878 6359:Britain, 1846–1964: The Challenge of Change 5801:(U. of London Athlone Press, 1964) pp 3–23. 4489:on 27 October 1883. They had four children. 4457: 2665:, where his predecessor as prime minister, 2199:Salisbury caused controversy in 1888 after 1656: 1609:evident reluctance, followed his example". 1500:Salisbury criticised the foreign policy of 1263:bitter, controversial war against the Boers 12689: 12675: 12585: 12571: 12165: 12151: 11580: 11566: 11165:Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists 9757: 9743: 9010: 8996: 8352: 8338: 7994: 7980: 7301: 7275: 6979:Salisbury and the Mediterranean, 1886–1896 6319:The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery 5524: 4784:Secretary of State for the Home Department 4334: 4320: 2645:conferred upon him the Grand Cross of the 1692:The Marquess of Salisbury caricatured by " 77: 11596:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom 10880:Directly elected city mayoral authorities 6511:inflation figures are based on data from 5810: 5302:Second Salisbury ministry § Cabinets 2621: 1994: 1895:were amicable. Salisbury and the Liberal 1704:From 1868 he was Honorary Colonel of the 1542:On 2 August when the Commons debated the 1330:. The family-owned vast rural estates in 356:14 January 1887 – 11 August 1892 10561: 9818:History of conservatism in Great Britain 7842:Leader of the British Conservative Party 7228:Temperley, Harold and L.M. Penson, eds. 7220:Essays by the Late Marquess of Salisbury 6879: 6478: 5430:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 2698: 2687: 2366: 2304: 2004: 1967:Early reforms and parliamentary majority 1917: 1789: 1687: 1649:when he was negotiating the invasion of 1578: 1414: 1301: 958: 494:21 February 1874 – 2 April 1878 311:29 June 1895 – 12 November 1900 261:12 November 1900 – 11 July 1902 27:Three-time UK Prime Minister (1830–1903) 13017:Chancellors of the University of Oxford 10518:Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party 8188:Housing of the Working Classes Act 1885 7102:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7057:A New England?: Peace and War 1886–1918 7046:Ryan, A. P. "The Marquis of Salisbury' 6972:The Diplomacy of Imperialism: 1890–1902 6707: 6293:The diplomacy of imperialism: 1890–1902 5976: 5872: 5645:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5507:A New England?: Peace and War 1886–1918 2652: 2407:Venezuela crisis with the United States 1720:Secretary of State for India: 1874–1878 1519:Secretary of State for India: 1866–1867 821:22 August 1853 – 12 April 1868 774:12 April 1868 – 22 August 1903 672:28 January 1886 – 20 July 1886 399:24 June 1885 – 6 February 1886 200:23 June 1885 – 28 January 1886 18:Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 14: 13062:Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK) 12959: 11603:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 11185:Conservatives for International Travel 11037:Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation 7882:Chancellor of the University of Oxford 6735: 6468:– via The Times Digital Archive. 6440:– via The Times Digital Archive. 5635: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5344:Timeline of British diplomatic history 4605:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 2541: 1975:was introduced by the Home Secretary, 1878:with explicit declamation dictated by 1671:Chancellor of the University of Oxford 996:Robert, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood 620:11 August 1892 – 22 June 1895 159:25 July 1886 – 11 August 1892 13152:British politicians with disabilities 12670: 12566: 12146: 12119:Category:British Secretaries of State 11561: 11401: 11333: 11160:Conservative Women National Committee 10939: 10747: 10560: 9923: 9778: 9738: 8991: 8361:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom 8333: 8320: 7975: 7317: 7112:Lord Salisbury: A Political biography 6861:British Foreign Secretaries 1807–1916 6542:Lord Salisbury: A Political Biography 6512: 5907:, November 1918 – August 1919, p. 377 5673: 5411: 1805:Representation of the People Act 1884 1761:. For this, he was rewarded with the 1233:When Gladstone came out in favour of 442:2 April 1878 – 28 April 1880 13042:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford 12073:Commonwealth and Development Affairs 7741:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 7603:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 7523:23 June 1885 – 28 January 1886 7519:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 7177:(Oct 1999), Vol. 49 Issue 10, p45-51 6871:Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury 6722:, 1994, p.72. Retrieved online from 5981:(1991 ed.). OUP. pp. 4–5. 5329:Historiography of the British Empire 4487:William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne 4462:Lord Salisbury was the third son of 4429:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 2612: 2291:returned a large Unionist majority. 1749:the end the project was dropped..." 1189:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 954: 103:25 June 1895 – 11 July 1902 91:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 12654:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess 12646:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess 12638:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess 12318:Secretary of State for the Colonies 11402: 11072:Conservative Friends of the Chinese 10776:Treasurer of the Conservative Party 10748: 7607:25 July 1886 – 11 August 1892 7194:(Cambridge University Press, 1972). 6826:Salisbury: The Man and His Policies 5873:Alberge, Dalya (21 November 2021). 5705: 5620: 4818:Secretary of State for the Colonies 2328: 2261:Leader of the Opposition: 1892–1895 1973:Housing of the Working Classes Bill 1769:Leader of the Opposition: 1881–1885 1665:, thereby becoming a member of the 1497:; but it closed after four issues. 541:6 July 1866 – 8 March 1867 24: 12630:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess 12614:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess 11508:Ulster Conservatives and Unionists 11047:Conservative Co-operative Movement 10771:Conservative Campaign Headquarters 8035: 7232:(1938), primary sources pp 365 ff 7181: 7050:(April 1951) 1#4 pp 30–36; online. 7009:(Palgrave, 2002), pp. 98–127. 6789: 6382:S.J. Curtis and M.E.A. Boultwood, 6146:Lord Salisbury, and Foreign Policy 5483:. Faber & Faber. p. 328. 4417:, as Chief Secretary for Ireland. 2608:confrontation of the great powers. 2467: 2239:, which he accepted. In 1888, the 2181: 1798: 1553: 1257:. The Liberals, however, lost the 25: 13163: 12696: 11175:Conservatives Against Fox Hunting 11105:Conservative Humanist Association 11090:Conservative Friends of Palestine 11076:Conservative Friends of Gibraltar 11042:Conservative Christian Fellowship 10996:Association of Conservative Clubs 10976:Conservative Women's Organisation 9813:History of the Conservative Party 8124:Maud Palmer, Countess of Selborne 7745:25 June 1895 – 11 July 1902 7299:National Portrait Gallery, London 7239: 7168:The South African War Reappraised 7154:Reader's Guide to British History 7146: 7016:(vol 5, 1906), covers 1885–1895. 6955:"Lord Salisbury's Afghan Policy," 6570:(Hassocks, Sussex, 1978), p. 326. 6344:Reader's Guide to British History 5900:W. K Hancock, Jean van der Poel, 5813:Slavonic and East European Review 5706:Hay, Col. George Jackson (1905). 5374:died in April 1868, and then the 2508:opposition to the Second Boer War 2478:After gold was discovered in the 2039: 13077:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports 12935: 12934: 12212: 12125: 12114: 12113: 11948: 11589: 11542: 11532: 11135:Conservative Rural Affairs Group 10919:Conservative Party Review (2016) 10822:Conservative Chief Whip's Office 10801:National Conservative Convention 10785:Conservative Research Department 8971: 8970: 8301:St Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield 8160:Hugh Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood 7907:The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava 7819:Leader of the Conservative Party 7331:Parliament of the United Kingdom 6967:(Cassell, 1978), pp. 25–40. 6609:(2 vol. 1980–85), vol I, p. 387. 6003:The twentieth century, 1880-1939 5902:Selections from the Smuts Papers 4301: 4289: 2749: 2663:St Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield 2194: 1243:subsequent 1886 general election 1132: 1092: 986:James, 4th Marquess of Salisbury 917:St Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield 908:Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England 13097:People educated at Eton College 12997:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford 12423:President of the Board of Trade 12071:Secretary of State for Foreign, 11385:Society of Conservative Lawyers 11334: 11067:Conservative Friends of America 9767:Conservative and Unionist Party 7914:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 6729: 6698: 6685: 6676: 6673:(London: Cassell, 1978), p. 22. 6663: 6650: 6638: 6625: 6612: 6599: 6586: 6573: 6560: 6547: 6534: 6492: 6472: 6444: 6416: 6389: 6376: 6349: 6336: 6324: 6311: 6298: 6285: 6272: 6255: 6242: 6229: 6216: 6203: 6196:Denis Judd and Keith Surridge, 6190: 6177: 6164: 6151: 6138: 6125: 6109: 6092: 6076: 6060: 6047: 6034: 6021: 6008: 5995: 5970: 5943: 5930: 5910: 5866: 5844: 5831: 5804: 5791: 5764: 5751: 5746:The Age of Salisbury, 1881–1902 5738: 5729: 5716: 5699: 5687: 5662: 5650: 5028:President of the Board of Trade 2628:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 2536:Field Marshal Frederick Roberts 2057:(March and December 1887) with 1809:In 1884 Gladstone introduced a 1637:In his article for the October 1411:Member of Parliament: 1853–1866 950: 713:May 1881 – 9 June 1885 13117:Secretaries of State for India 13107:Presidents of the Oxford Union 13082:Hertfordshire Militia officers 12836:Economy, society and knowledge 12404:Leader of the House of Commons 11958:Secretary of State for Foreign 11125:Conservative Education Society 11095:Conservative Friends of Turkey 11085:Conservative Friends of Israel 11052:Conservative Countryside Forum 10856:Northern Ireland Conservatives 9924: 7285:on the Downing Street website. 7173:Roberts, Andrew. "Salisbury," 7094:(1938); comprehensive history 5497: 5470: 5461: 5447: 5405: 5380: 5356: 4991:Leader of the House of Commons 4402:, Canadian Prime Minister Sir 2706:in front of the park gates of 2452:congratulating Boer President 2301:Unionist government, 1895–1905 1922: 1306:Lord Robert Cecil was born at 1183:, was a British statesman and 1027:Frances Mary Gascoyne (mother) 13: 1: 13142:UK MPs who inherited peerages 13067:Leaders of the House of Lords 12543:Vice President of the Council 12261:Lord President of the Council 11471:European People's Party Group 11080:Conservative Friends of India 11057:Conservative Disability Group 10840:Conservative Party Conference 7092:Britain in Europe, 1789–1914. 6948:The English Historical Review 6488:. 22 July 1902. p. 4669. 5936:Jed Z. Buchwald, Robert Fox, 5399: 5261:Vice-President of the Council 4716:Lord President of the Council 2462:quickly resolved the tensions 2186:In 1889 Salisbury set up the 1420: 1352:In December 1847, he went to 797:The 4th Marquess of Salisbury 785:The 2nd Marquess of Salisbury 249:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal 13147:Accidental deaths from falls 13047:Fellows of the Royal Society 12848:Economy, industry, and trade 12362:Secretary of State for India 12195:Leader of the House of Lords 11496:Movement for European Reform 11430:International Democrat Union 11215:Margaret Thatcher Foundation 11150:Conservative Transport Group 11145:Conservative Trade Unionists 7924:The Lord Curzon of Kedleston 7760:Leader of the House of Lords 7641:Leader of the House of Lords 7557:Leader of the House of Lords 7438:Secretary of State for India 7411:Secretary of State for India 7024:Cambridge Historical Journal 7000:Contemporary British History 6924:The Politics of Reform, 1884 6900:Cooke, A.B. and J. Vincent, 6185:The Diplomacy of Imperialism 5306: 5295: 4915:Secretary of State for India 4610:Leader of the House of Lords 4555: 4360:was named in his honour (by 2351:manufactured a quarrel over 1753:Foreign Secretary: 1878–1880 1529:Secretary of State for India 1208:Secretary of State for India 749:Member of the House of Lords 482:Secretary of State for India 7: 13102:People of the Victorian era 12448:Chief Secretary for Ireland 12400:Chancellor of the Exchequer 12381:First Lord of the Admiralty 12180:(July 1885 – February 1886) 11502:Alliance for an Open Europe 11478:European Conservative Group 11062:Conservative European Forum 9868:General election manifestos 9779: 7309:Ancestors of Lord Salisbury 7014:A History of Modern England 6117:Political Science Quarterly 5940:(2013) p. 757, footnote 62. 5777:. I.B.Tauris. p. 233. 5510:. Oxford U.P. p. 203. 5317: 5282:17 September 1885 5091:Chief Secretary for Ireland 4986:Chancellor of the Exchequer 4949:First Lord of the Admiralty 4404:John Sparrow David Thompson 2516:the Khaki election of 1900. 2089:. Traditionally (since the 1675:Fellow of the Royal Society 1537:proportional representation 10: 13168: 13032:Deputy lieutenants of Kent 12622:Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess 12505:Lord Chancellor of Ireland 12486:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 12337:Secretary of State for War 12223:First Lord of the Treasury 12210: 11461:Conservative–DUP agreement 11100:Conservative History Group 11027:Blue Collar Conservativism 9797:Conservative Party Archive 7851:Sir Stafford Northcote, Bt 7614:First Lord of the Treasury 7421:Sir Stafford Northcote, Bt 7385:Sir John Dalrymple Hay, Bt 7376:Sir John Dalrymple Hay, Bt 7038:Salisbury: Victorian Titan 6802:Benians, E.A. et al. eds. 6720:Greenwood Publishing Group 6263:Scottish Historical Review 5956:. Routledge. p. 320. 5927:(1894) pp. 63–67, Vol. 70. 5615:Salisbury: Victorian Titan 5480:Salisbury: Victorian Titan 5310: 5299: 5193:Lord Chancellor of Ireland 5159:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 4852:Secretary of State for War 4648:First Lord of the Treasury 4559: 4551:Cabinets of Lord Salisbury 3692:Traditionalist Catholicism 2634:, which he held for life. 2471: 2332: 2315:First Lord of the Treasury 2309:The British Empire in 1898 2298: 2127: 2124:1890 Ultimatum on Portugal 2009:Salisbury caricatured by " 1998: 1926: 1802: 1557: 1487:Bentley's Quarterly Review 1006:Hugh, 1st Baron Quickswood 976:Maud, Countess of Selborne 29: 12925: 12835: 12810:The Marquess of Salisbury 12722: 12704: 12606:James Cecil, 1st Marquess 12600: 12541: 12522: 12503: 12484: 12465: 12446: 12421: 12398: 12379: 12360: 12335: 12316: 12297: 12278: 12259: 12240: 12221: 12203:The Marquess of Salisbury 12185: 12178:The Marquess of Salisbury 12108: 12070: 11957: 11946: 11602: 11549:United Kingdom portal 11529: 11449: 11419:List of current alliances 11412: 11408: 11397: 11365:Centre for Social Justice 11360:Centre for Policy Studies 11340: 11329: 11288: 11275:Young Britons' Foundation 11120:Conservative Muslim Forum 11004: 10968: 10950: 10946: 10935: 10911: 10903:Conservative Associations 10895: 10879: 10848: 10832: 10809: 10793: 10758: 10754: 10743: 10567: 10556: 10510: 10203: 10098: 10001: 9934: 9930: 9919: 9883:Irish Conservative Party 9853:Unionist Free Food League 9805: 9789: 9785: 9774: 9669:Alexander of Hillsborough 9654:5th Marquess of Salisbury 9624:4th Marquess of Salisbury 9599:5th Marquess of Lansdowne 9574:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 9559:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 9549:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 9494:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 9484:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 9459:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 9449:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 9429: 9025: 8965: 8497: 8372: 8327: 8278: 8211: 8198:Venezuelan crisis of 1895 8175: 8098: 8082: 8046: 8033: 8009: 7954: 7945: 7937: 7930: 7920: 7911: 7903: 7898: 7888: 7879: 7871: 7866: 7856: 7839: 7829: 7816: 7808: 7803: 7793: 7784: 7776: 7766: 7757: 7747: 7738: 7730: 7724:The Marquess of Lansdowne 7720: 7711: 7703: 7692: 7684: 7674: 7665: 7657: 7647: 7638: 7630: 7620: 7611: 7600: 7590: 7581: 7573: 7563: 7554: 7544: 7535: 7527: 7516: 7508: 7498: 7489: 7481: 7471: 7462: 7454: 7444: 7435: 7427: 7417: 7408: 7400: 7395: 7381: 7350:Member of Parliament for 7348: 7336: 7329: 7324: 6362:. Oxford UP. p. 56. 6187:(1950), pp 605–28, 651–76 6016:English Historical Review 5259: 5248:28 January 1886 5225: 5191: 5180:28 January 1886 5157: 5123: 5112:28 January 1886 5102:23 January 1886 5089: 5078:28 January 1886 5026: 5015:28 January 1886 4981: 4947: 4936:28 January 1886 4913: 4902:6 February 1886 4892:21 January 1886 4873:21 January 1886 4850: 4839:28 January 1886 4816: 4805:1 February 1886 4782: 4771:28 January 1886 4748: 4737:6 February 1886 4714: 4703:28 January 1886 4680: 4669:1 February 1886 4646: 4635:6 February 1886 4619:The Marquess of Salisbury 4600: 4531:Lord Edward Herbert Cecil 4389:6th Marquess of Salisbury 2683: 2439: 2424:escalated when President 2325:"—such was not his goal. 2295:Prime minister: 1895–1902 2178:in favour of the Empire. 2144:Lisbon Geographic Society 2001:Second Salisbury ministry 1913:Prime minister: 1885–1892 1730:Constantinople Conference 1371:In April 1850, he joined 1366:All Souls College, Oxford 1312:2nd Marquess of Salisbury 1187:politician who served as 1100: 1088: 1057: 1045: 1034: 1014: 991:William, Bishop of Exeter 968: 932: 922: 912: 898: 878: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 837: 825: 814: 802: 790: 778: 765: 754: 747: 737: 727: 717: 706: 696: 686: 676: 665: 655: 645: 624: 613: 606: 602: 595: 591: 587: 583: 567: 555: 545: 534: 522: 510: 498: 487: 480: 470: 458: 446: 435: 425: 413: 403: 392: 382: 370: 360: 349: 344:The Marquess of Lansdowne 337: 325: 315: 304: 297: 287: 275: 265: 254: 247: 243: 236: 232: 222: 212: 204: 193: 183: 171: 163: 152: 140: 128: 107: 96: 89: 85: 76: 48:The Marquess of Salisbury 41: 13007:Burials in Hertfordshire 11960:and Commonwealth Affairs 11456:List of former alliances 11245:One Nation Conservatives 11155:Conservative Way Forward 10941:Associated organisations 10766:Conservative Party Board 8446:Chatham (Pitt the Elder) 7932:Peerage of Great Britain 7812:The Earl of Beaconsfield 7804:Party political offices 7695:Leader of the Opposition 7584:Leader of the Opposition 7492:Leader of the Opposition 7485:The Earl of Beaconsfield 7319:Offices and distinctions 7218:Robert Cecil Salisbury. 6938:Diplomacy and Statecraft 6596:(1990) X, pp. cxxxix–cxl 6544:(Routledge, 2001) p. 383 6402:. Routledge. p. 6. 5853:"Salisbury's Silly Gibe" 5683:. Kelly's. p. 1189. 5349: 5238:17 August 1885 5068:19 August 1885 5049:19 August 1885 4566:First Salisbury ministry 4458:Family and personal life 4180:Catholic social teaching 2661:Salisbury was buried at 2289:general election of 1895 2267:general election of 1892 2265:In the aftermath of the 2148:Alexandre de Serpa Pinto 2108:Salisbury was offered a 2055:Mediterranean Agreements 1929:First Salisbury ministry 1696:" (Carlo Pellegrini) in 1663:Marquessate of Salisbury 1657:In opposition: 1868–1874 1455:" interference with the 733:The Earl of Beaconsfield 608:Leader of the Opposition 505:The Earl of Beaconsfield 453:The Earl of Beaconsfield 228:William Ewart Gladstone 13087:Marquesses of Salisbury 12805:William Ewart Gladstone 12795:The Viscount Palmerston 12594:Marquesses of Salisbury 12412:Sir Michael Hicks Beach 12370:Lord Randolph Churchill 11539:Conservatism portal 11467:European People's Party 11434:European Democrat Union 11240:Northern Research Group 11205:European Research Group 11110:Conservative Mainstream 10871:Gibraltar Conservatives 9893:Scottish Unionist Party 8690:Disraeli (Beaconsfield) 7688:William Ewart Gladstone 7594:William Ewart Gladstone 7577:William Ewart Gladstone 7512:William Ewart Gladstone 7502:William Ewart Gladstone 6892:Encyclopædia Britannica 6856:(Greenwood Press, 2002) 6736:Grüter, Thomas (2007). 6718:, by R. C. S. Trahair, 6583:(Cambridge, 1972), p. 1 6513:Clark, Gregory (2017). 6356:Martin Roberts (2001). 6224:The Boer War: A History 6198:The Boer War: A History 6018:75.297 (1960): 631–653. 5977:Hopkirk, Peter (1990). 5477:Andrew Roberts (2012). 5000:Sir Michael Hicks Beach 4921:Lord Randolph Churchill 4483:Lady Beatrix Maud Cecil 4439:, in 1979, and finally 4296:Conservatism portal 4118:Conservative liberalism 2964:Family as a state model 2694:Hatfield, Hertfordshire 2393:Alaska boundary dispute 2279:The Lords defeated the 2120:than a modern dukedom. 1862:The three arch-funkers 1379:, Australia, including 1310:, the third son of the 1228:William Ewart Gladstone 892:Hatfield, Hertfordshire 844:Charles Chetwynd-Talbot 743:William Ewart Gladstone 723:William Ewart Gladstone 702:William Ewart Gladstone 692:William Ewart Gladstone 682:William Ewart Gladstone 651:William Ewart Gladstone 633:William Ewart Gladstone 238:Ministerial positions 218:William Ewart Gladstone 189:William Ewart Gladstone 178:William Ewart Gladstone 12770:The Viscount Melbourne 12724:Politics and diplomacy 12524:Secretary for Scotland 12351:The Viscount Cranbrook 12269:The Viscount Cranbrook 12231:The Earl of Iddesleigh 11170:Conservatives 4 Cities 10861:Scottish Conservatives 9903:National Liberal Party 9878:Liberal Unionist Party 8193:1890 British Ultimatum 8040: 7833:The Duke of Devonshire 7770:The Duke of Devonshire 7661:The Earl of Iddesleigh 7448:The Viscount Cranbrook 7371:Sir Stafford Northcote 7204:R. H. Williams (ed.), 7170:(Manchester UP, 2000). 7119:Middle Eastern Studies 7054:Searle, G. R. (2004). 6873:(4 volumes, 1921–32). 6647:(14 June 1978), p. 16. 6396:Helen Phtiaka (2005). 6089:(1932) pp 550, 647–648 5771:Paul Brighton (2016). 5272:24 June 1885 5227:Secretary for Scotland 5170:27 June 1885 5039:24 June 1885 5005:24 June 1885 4926:24 June 1885 4887:The Viscount Cranbrook 4863:24 June 1885 4829:24 June 1885 4795:24 June 1885 4761:24 June 1885 4727:24 June 1885 4722:The Viscount Cranbrook 4693:24 June 1885 4659:29 June 1885 4654:The Earl of Iddesleigh 4625:23 June 1885 4506:, was named after her. 4502:, launched in 1899 on 4400:Bering Sea Arbitration 2943: 2710: 2696: 2673:near the west door of 2622:Honours and retirement 2610: 2480:South African Republic 2376: 2310: 2130:1890 British Ultimatum 2067:Naval Defence Act 1889 2033:Edward Walter Hamilton 2020: 1995:Second term: 1886–1892 1889: 1795: 1780:Sir Stafford Northcote 1701: 1635: 1584: 1424: 1224:Sir Stafford Northcote 1206:in 1854 and served as 597:Parliamentary offices 574:Sir Stafford Northcote 529:The Viscount Cranbrook 377:The Earl of Iddesleigh 13057:Knights of the Garter 12494:The Earl of Carnarvon 12326:Sir Frederick Stanley 12131:Portal:United Kingdom 11512:Ulster Unionist Party 11265:Tory Green Initiative 11180:Conservatives at Work 9898:National Party (1917) 9639:Ponsonby of Shulbrede 8286:Marquess of Salisbury 8039: 7948:Marquess of Salisbury 7707:The Earl of Kimberley 7651:The Earl of Kimberley 7135:26.2 (2007): 203–224. 7133:Parliamentary history 6824:and H. Cecil (eds.), 5950:David Steele (2002). 5504:G. R. Searle (2004). 5376:Marquess of Salisbury 5370:from June 1865 until 5165:The Earl of Carnarvon 4195:Hispanic conservatism 4185:Conservative feminism 3709:Traditionalist School 2702: 2691: 2647:Royal Victorian Order 2605: 2601:splendid isolationist 2520:Union of South Africa 2370: 2333:Further information: 2308: 2299:Further information: 2281:second Home Rule Bill 2188:London County Council 2164:Cape to Cairo Railway 2008: 1999:Further information: 1927:Further information: 1918:First term: 1885–1886 1860: 1803:Further information: 1793: 1765:along with Disraeli. 1706:Hertfordshire Militia 1691: 1679:Great Eastern Railway 1620: 1582: 1558:Further information: 1418: 1407:, which he declined. 1354:Christ Church, Oxford 1326:, chief ministers of 1324:1st Earl of Salisbury 1302:Early life: 1830–1852 1259:1895 general election 1255:1892 general election 1235:Home Rule for Ireland 1052:Christ Church, Oxford 332:The Earl of Kimberley 32:Marquess of Salisbury 12815:The Earl of Rosebery 12790:The Earl of Aberdeen 12532:The Duke of Richmond 12431:The Duke of Richmond 12389:Lord George Hamilton 12288:The Earl of Harrowby 11250:Popular Conservatism 11195:COVID Recovery Group 10986:Conservatives Abroad 10887:London Conservatives 10562:Leadership elections 9888:Irish Unionist Party 9863:Carlton Club meeting 9848:Tariff Reform League 8268:Victoria & Abdul 8220:Sixty Glorious Years 8130:Lady Gwendolen Cecil 7958:James Gascoyne-Cecil 7941:James Gascoyne-Cecil 7892:The Viscount Goschen 7734:The Earl of Rosebery 7678:The Earl of Rosebery 7548:The Earl of Rosebery 7271:UK National Archives 7197:John Vincent (ed.), 7090:Seton-Watson, R. W. 7026:5#1 (1935): 87–106. 6846:4 March 2017 at the 6592:H.C.G. Matthew, ed. 6102:2.3 (1978): 219–236 6053:J. A. S. Grenville, 5722:John Vincent (ed.), 5233:The Duke of Richmond 5034:The Duke of Richmond 4955:Lord George Hamilton 4756:The Earl of Harrowby 4493:Lady Gwendolen Cecil 4409:The British phrase ' 4357:The Salisbury Review 4271:Small-c conservative 4158:Anti-gender movement 2653:Last year: 1902–1903 2552:Imperial German Navy 2219:The "black man" was 1829:. Salisbury said in 1567:Robert Dudley Baxter 957:; died 832:John Charles Herries 804:Member of Parliament 661:The Earl of Rosebery 637:The Earl of Rosebery 431:The Earl of Rosebery 388:The Earl of Rosebery 135:The Earl of Rosebery 12858:Society and culture 12456:William Henry Smith 12345:William Henry Smith 11370:European Foundation 11255:Renewing One Nation 11200:European Foundation 11115:Conservative Health 11022:The Atlantic Bridge 10991:LGBT+ Conservatives 10981:Young Conservatives 10866:Welsh Conservatives 10700:July–September 2022 10600:Thatcher re-elected 9609:Curzon of Kedleston 7121:50.1 (2014): 43–60. 6970:Langer, William L. 6965:Conservative Essays 6940:16#1 (2005): 23–55. 6908:Grenville, J. A. S. 6863:(1927) pp 277–314. 6831:Bright, J. Franck. 6693:Conservative Essays 6671:Conservative Essays 6658:Mill and Liberalism 6291:William L. Langer, 6222:Judd and Surridge, 6070:(1967) 17: 131–164 6031:17 (1967): 131–164. 5456:history.blog.gov.uk 5097:William Henry Smith 4858:William Henry Smith 4583: 4476:Sir Edward Alderson 4435:from 1963 to 1979, 4431:from 1953 to 1963, 4308:Politics portal 4244:Right-wing politics 3675:Jewish conservatism 3650:Christian democracy 3116:Social institutions 2891:Collective identity 2886:Class collaboration 2704:Statue of Salisbury 2542:German naval issues 2375:by J.S. Pughe, 1895 2349:President Cleveland 2152:Hermenegildo Capelo 2142:", produced by the 2091:Battle of Trafalgar 2077:, thirty-eight new 1956:Manchester Guardian 1763:Order of the Garter 1716:by his eldest son. 1708:, which became the 1535:proposed a type of 1506:Sermon on the Mount 1247:Scramble for Africa 44:The Most Honourable 12513:The Lord Ashbourne 12467:Postmaster General 12176:of Prime Minister 11490:European Democrats 11032:Common Sense Group 9833:Tamworth Manifesto 9714:Royall of Blaisdon 9694:Cledwyn of Penrhos 9183:Campbell-Bannerman 8753:Campbell-Bannerman 8236:Edward the Seventh 8228:The Prime Minister 8212:In popular culture 8183:Congress of Berlin 8142:Lord William Cecil 8112:Lord Eustace Cecil 8041: 7848:Served alongside: 7780:The Viscount Cross 7634:The Earl Granville 7567:The Earl Granville 7531:The Earl Granville 7475:The Earl Granville 7431:The Duke of Argyll 7396:Political offices 7128:(Routledge, 2019). 7124:Wang, Shih-tsung. 7002:14#4 (2000): 1–26. 6953:Thomas P. Hughes, 6950:, Vol. LXXV, 1960. 6852:Brumpton, Paul R. 6812:Bentley, Michael. 6594:Gladstone Diaries, 6509:Retail Price Index 6485:The London Gazette 6213:(2004) pp 274–310. 6135:5.1 (1976): 35–52. 6100:Diplomatic History 6044:(1970) pp 147–178. 5859:The New York Times 5839:Portuguese Studies 5797:J.A.S. Grenville, 5757:Paul Smith (ed.), 5368:Viscount Cranborne 5339:Splendid isolation 5214:February 1886 5199:The Lord Ashbourne 5125:Postmaster General 4622:(head of ministry) 4596:Left office 4582: 4474:, the daughter of 4168:Black conservatism 4097:Related ideologies 3687:Theravada Buddhism 3080:Organised religion 2984:Complementarianism 2711: 2697: 2564:Bernhard von Bülow 2548:Alfred von Tirpitz 2532:Sir Redvers Buller 2503:Joseph Chamberlain 2377: 2341:Splendid isolation 2323:Splendid isolation 2311: 2237:Imperial Institute 2095:two-power standard 2085:and four new fast 2047:splendid isolation 2021: 1796: 1759:Congress of Berlin 1702: 1585: 1427:Cecil entered the 1425: 1314:and Frances Mary, 1251:Irish nationalists 1220:Congress of Berlin 1197:splendid isolation 769:Hereditary peerage 517:The Duke of Argyll 476:The Earl Granville 420:The Earl Granville 282:The Viscount Cross 13037:English Anglicans 12954: 12953: 12948: 12947: 12800:Benjamin Disraeli 12785:The Earl of Derby 12780:Lord John Russell 12664: 12663: 12560: 12559: 12475:Lord John Manners 12307:Sir Richard Cross 12250:The Lord Halsbury 12191:Foreign Secretary 12140: 12139: 11555: 11554: 11525: 11524: 11521: 11520: 11393: 11392: 11325: 11324: 11321: 11320: 11270:Tory Reform Group 11190:Cornerstone Group 10931: 10930: 10927: 10926: 10739: 10738: 10552: 10551: 10548: 10547: 10035: 9915: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9823:Electoral history 9732: 9731: 9719:Smith of Basildon 8985: 8984: 8314: 8313: 8154:Lord Edward Cecil 8047:General elections 7969: 7968: 7964: 7963: 7955:Succeeded by 7921:Succeeded by 7889:Succeeded by 7875:The Earl of Derby 7867:Academic offices 7857:Succeeded by 7846:1881–1902 7830:Succeeded by 7794:Succeeded by 7767:Succeeded by 7748:Succeeded by 7721:Succeeded by 7714:Foreign Secretary 7675:Succeeded by 7668:Foreign Secretary 7648:Succeeded by 7621:Succeeded by 7591:Succeeded by 7564:Succeeded by 7545:Succeeded by 7538:Foreign Secretary 7499:Succeeded by 7472:Succeeded by 7465:Foreign Secretary 7458:The Earl of Derby 7445:Succeeded by 7418:Succeeded by 7404:The Earl of Ripon 7389:Viscount Ingestre 7382:Succeeded by 7361:Frederic Thesiger 7356:1853–1868 7344:Frederic Thesiger 7163:#49. 2004. pp 3+. 7083:Shannon, Richard 6859:Cecil, Algernon. 6656:Maurice Cowling, 6605:Maurice Cowling, 6321:(1983) pp 136–37. 6317:Paul M. Kennedy, 6295:(1951) pp 433–42. 6282:(2004) pp 284–87. 6265:(2010): 194–223. 6239:(2004) pp 287–91. 6226:(2013) pp 55–302. 6161:(1994) pp 483–522 6148:(1964) pp 235–64. 6005:(1978) pp 63–110. 5744:Richard Shannon, 5440:978-0-521-15255-6 5387:Alec Douglas-Home 5364:Lord Robert Cecil 5293: 5292: 5131:Lord John Manners 4824:Frederick Stanley 4790:Sir Richard Cross 4688:The Lord Halsbury 4593:Took office 4472:Georgina Alderson 4437:Zimbabwe Rhodesia 4427:, from 1890, the 4425:Southern Rhodesia 4362:Michael Oakeshott 4344: 4343: 4207:LGBT conservatism 4190:Conservative wave 3852:National variants 3721:Personal variants 3680:Religious Zionism 2896:Cultural heritage 2869:Ancestral worship 2675:Westminster Abbey 2574:Otto von Bismarck 2528:Winston Churchill 2484:Orange Free State 2413:Venezuelan crisis 2319:foreign secretary 1971:In July 1885 the 1950:Pall Mall Gazette 1945:Thames Embankment 1897:Sir Charles Dilke 1776:Alec Douglas-Home 1746:Lord John Manners 1726:Benjamin Disraeli 1611:Lord John Manners 1502:Lord John Russell 1491:John Douglas Cook 1457:Church of England 1449:secular education 1239:Liberal Unionists 1193:Foreign Secretary 1104: 1103: 939:Georgina Alderson 849: 848: 579: 578: 551:The Earl of Derby 465:The Earl of Derby 299:Foreign Secretary 16:(Redirected from 13159: 13137:UK MPs 1865–1868 13132:UK MPs 1859–1865 13127:UK MPs 1857–1859 13122:UK MPs 1852–1857 13072:Lords Privy Seal 12938: 12937: 12766:Prime ministers 12691: 12684: 12677: 12668: 12667: 12657: 12649: 12641: 12633: 12625: 12617: 12609: 12587: 12580: 12573: 12564: 12563: 12216: 12167: 12160: 12153: 12144: 12143: 12129: 12117: 12116: 11952: 11594: 11593: 11582: 11575: 11568: 11559: 11558: 11547: 11546: 11545: 11537: 11536: 11535: 11410: 11409: 11399: 11398: 11331: 11330: 11005:Factional groups 10969:Sectional groups 10948: 10947: 10937: 10936: 10756: 10755: 10745: 10744: 10622:Major re-elected 10558: 10557: 10207: 10206:Chairmen (1911–) 10102: 10051: 10036: 10030: 10005: 10004:House of Commons 9938: 9932: 9931: 9921: 9920: 9858:Coalition Coupon 9787: 9786: 9776: 9775: 9768: 9759: 9752: 9745: 9736: 9735: 9271:Pethick-Lawrence 9027:House of Commons 9012: 9005: 8998: 8989: 8988: 8978: 8974: 8973: 8958: 8951: 8944: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8916: 8909: 8902: 8895: 8888: 8881: 8874: 8867: 8860: 8853: 8846: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8818: 8811: 8804: 8797: 8790: 8783: 8776: 8769: 8762: 8755: 8748: 8741: 8734: 8727: 8720: 8713: 8706: 8699: 8692: 8685: 8678: 8671: 8664: 8657: 8650: 8643: 8636: 8629: 8622: 8615: 8608: 8601: 8594: 8587: 8580: 8573: 8566: 8559: 8552: 8545: 8538: 8531: 8524: 8522:Pitt the Younger 8517: 8510: 8508:Pitt the Younger 8490: 8488:Pitt the Younger 8483: 8476: 8469: 8462: 8455: 8448: 8441: 8434: 8427: 8420: 8413: 8406: 8399: 8392: 8385: 8383:Walpole (Orford) 8354: 8347: 8340: 8331: 8330: 8318: 8317: 8306:Bob's your uncle 8252:Murder by Decree 8203:Fashoda Incident 7996: 7989: 7982: 7973: 7972: 7938:Preceded by 7904:Preceded by 7899:Honorary titles 7872:Preceded by 7809:Preceded by 7777:Preceded by 7731:Preceded by 7704:Preceded by 7685:Preceded by 7658:Preceded by 7631:Preceded by 7574:Preceded by 7528:Preceded by 7509:Preceded by 7482:Preceded by 7455:Preceded by 7428:Preceded by 7401:Preceded by 7337:Preceded by 7327: 7326: 7315: 7314: 7305: 7279: 7274: 7250:Internet Archive 7156:(2003) 2:1153–55 7075:Shannon, Richard 7071: 6896: 6888: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6742: 6733: 6727: 6711: 6705: 6702: 6696: 6689: 6683: 6680: 6674: 6667: 6661: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6629: 6623: 6618:Peter T. Marsh, 6616: 6610: 6603: 6597: 6590: 6584: 6577: 6571: 6564: 6558: 6551: 6545: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6505: 6499: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6452:"Court Circular" 6448: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6393: 6387: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6353: 6347: 6340: 6334: 6328: 6322: 6315: 6309: 6302: 6296: 6289: 6283: 6276: 6270: 6259: 6253: 6246: 6240: 6233: 6227: 6220: 6214: 6207: 6201: 6194: 6188: 6181: 6175: 6168: 6162: 6157:Peter T. Marsh, 6155: 6149: 6142: 6136: 6129: 6123: 6113: 6107: 6096: 6090: 6087:Grover Cleveland 6080: 6074: 6064: 6058: 6057:(1964) pp 54–73. 6051: 6045: 6040:Kenneth Bourne, 6038: 6032: 6025: 6019: 6012: 6006: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5947: 5941: 5934: 5928: 5914: 5908: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5855: 5848: 5842: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5808: 5802: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5768: 5762: 5755: 5749: 5742: 5736: 5735:Vincent, p. 523. 5733: 5727: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5677: 5671: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5637: 5618: 5613:Andrew Roberts, 5611: 5522: 5521: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5474: 5468: 5465: 5459: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5409: 5393: 5391:House of Commons 5384: 5378: 5360: 5289: 5287: 5279: 5277: 5255: 5253: 5245: 5243: 5221: 5219: 5211: 5209: 5187: 5185: 5177: 5175: 5153: 5151: 5143: 5141: 5119: 5117: 5109: 5107: 5085: 5083: 5075: 5073: 5056: 5054: 5046: 5044: 5022: 5020: 5012: 5010: 4977: 4975: 4967: 4965: 4943: 4941: 4933: 4931: 4909: 4907: 4899: 4897: 4880: 4878: 4870: 4868: 4846: 4844: 4836: 4834: 4812: 4810: 4802: 4800: 4778: 4776: 4768: 4766: 4744: 4742: 4734: 4732: 4710: 4708: 4700: 4698: 4676: 4674: 4666: 4664: 4642: 4640: 4632: 4630: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4560:This section is 4411:Bob's your uncle 4366:Quarterly Review 4336: 4329: 4322: 4306: 4305: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4249:Authoritarianism 4200:in United States 4163:Anti-immigration 4113:Communitarianism 4108:Clerical fascism 3354:Kuehnelt-Leddihn 3111:Social hierarchy 3033:Moral absolutism 2948: 2753: 2730: 2729: 2546:In 1897 Admiral 2426:Grover Cleveland 2397:Open Door Policy 2389:Fashoda Incident 2221:Dadabhai Naoroji 1639:Quarterly Review 1624:political ethics 1533:John Stuart Mill 1477:Quarterly Review 1429:House of Commons 1422: 1204:House of Commons 1178: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1129: 1096: 1041:(did not finish) 962: 960: 956: 952: 905: 888: 886: 874:Personal details 840: 828: 819: 793: 781: 772: 740: 730: 720: 711: 699: 689: 679: 670: 658: 648: 627: 618: 593: 592: 570: 562:The Earl de Grey 558: 548: 539: 525: 513: 501: 492: 473: 461: 449: 440: 428: 416: 406: 397: 385: 373: 363: 354: 340: 328: 318: 309: 290: 278: 268: 259: 234: 233: 225: 215: 198: 186: 174: 157: 143: 131: 101: 81: 71: 39: 38: 21: 13167: 13166: 13162: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13157: 13156: 12957: 12956: 12955: 12950: 12949: 12944: 12921: 12831: 12775:Sir Robert Peel 12718: 12714:Edwardian era → 12700: 12695: 12665: 12660: 12652: 12644: 12636: 12628: 12620: 12612: 12604: 12596: 12591: 12561: 12556: 12551:Edward Stanhope 12537: 12518: 12499: 12480: 12461: 12442: 12437:Edward Stanhope 12417: 12402: 12394: 12375: 12356: 12331: 12312: 12293: 12280:Lord Privy Seal 12274: 12255: 12242:Lord Chancellor 12236: 12217: 12208: 12193: 12189: 12181: 12171: 12141: 12136: 12104: 12072: 12066: 11959: 11953: 11944: 11598: 11588: 11586: 11556: 11551: 11543: 11541: 11533: 11531: 11517: 11504: 11498: 11492: 11486: 11480: 11474: 11463: 11457: 11445: 11437: 11426: 11420: 11404: 11403:Party alliances 11389: 11380:Policy Exchange 11336: 11317: 11284: 11235:No Turning Back 11000: 10964: 10942: 10923: 10907: 10891: 10875: 10844: 10828: 10805: 10789: 10750: 10749:Party structure 10735: 10563: 10544: 10506: 10205: 10199: 10101:Leaders (1922–) 10100: 10094: 10039: 10029: 10007: 10003: 9997: 9940: 9936: 9926: 9907: 9843:Primrose League 9801: 9781: 9770: 9766: 9763: 9733: 9728: 9499:Derby (Stanley) 9425: 9021: 9016: 8986: 8981: 8969: 8961: 8954: 8947: 8940: 8933: 8926: 8919: 8912: 8905: 8898: 8891: 8884: 8877: 8870: 8863: 8856: 8849: 8842: 8835: 8828: 8821: 8814: 8807: 8800: 8793: 8786: 8779: 8772: 8765: 8758: 8751: 8744: 8737: 8730: 8723: 8716: 8709: 8702: 8695: 8688: 8681: 8674: 8667: 8660: 8653: 8646: 8639: 8632: 8625: 8618: 8611: 8604: 8597: 8590: 8583: 8576: 8569: 8562: 8555: 8548: 8541: 8534: 8527: 8520: 8513: 8506: 8493: 8486: 8479: 8472: 8465: 8458: 8451: 8444: 8437: 8430: 8423: 8416: 8409: 8402: 8395: 8388: 8381: 8368: 8358: 8323: 8315: 8310: 8296:Second Boer War 8274: 8260:Jack the Ripper 8207: 8171: 8094: 8078: 8042: 8031: 8005: 8000: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7951: 7943: 7926: 7917: 7909: 7894: 7885: 7877: 7862: 7847: 7845: 7835: 7826: 7814: 7799: 7790: 7787:Lord Privy Seal 7782: 7772: 7763: 7753: 7744: 7736: 7726: 7717: 7709: 7698: 7690: 7680: 7671: 7663: 7653: 7644: 7636: 7626: 7617: 7606: 7596: 7587: 7579: 7569: 7560: 7550: 7541: 7533: 7522: 7514: 7504: 7495: 7487: 7477: 7468: 7460: 7450: 7441: 7433: 7423: 7414: 7406: 7391: 7387: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7357: 7355: 7346: 7342: 7320: 7265: 7242: 7184: 7182:Primary sources 7149: 7068: 7034:Roberts, Andrew 7012:Paul, Herbert. 6929:Kennedy, A. L. 6848:Wayback Machine 6792: 6790:Further reading 6787: 6777: 6775: 6740: 6734: 6730: 6726:, 30 July 2012. 6712: 6708: 6703: 6699: 6690: 6686: 6681: 6677: 6668: 6664: 6655: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6630: 6626: 6617: 6613: 6604: 6600: 6591: 6587: 6578: 6574: 6565: 6561: 6557:(1970), p. 132. 6552: 6548: 6539: 6535: 6525: 6523: 6506: 6502: 6497: 6493: 6477: 6473: 6463: 6461: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6424:"News in Brief" 6422: 6421: 6417: 6410: 6394: 6390: 6381: 6377: 6370: 6354: 6350: 6341: 6337: 6329: 6325: 6316: 6312: 6306:Lord Salisbury, 6303: 6299: 6290: 6286: 6277: 6273: 6260: 6256: 6247: 6243: 6234: 6230: 6221: 6217: 6208: 6204: 6200:(2013) pp 1–54. 6195: 6191: 6182: 6178: 6170:Iain R. Smith, 6169: 6165: 6156: 6152: 6143: 6139: 6130: 6126: 6114: 6110: 6097: 6093: 6081: 6077: 6065: 6061: 6052: 6048: 6039: 6035: 6026: 6022: 6013: 6009: 6000: 5996: 5989: 5975: 5971: 5964: 5948: 5944: 5935: 5931: 5921:William Crookes 5915: 5911: 5899: 5895: 5885: 5883: 5871: 5867: 5850: 5849: 5845: 5841:6 (1990): 173+. 5836: 5832: 5819:(87): 340–369. 5809: 5805: 5796: 5792: 5785: 5769: 5765: 5756: 5752: 5743: 5739: 5734: 5730: 5721: 5717: 5704: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5667: 5663: 5655: 5651: 5638: 5621: 5612: 5525: 5518: 5502: 5498: 5491: 5475: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5452: 5448: 5441: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5397: 5396: 5385: 5381: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5320: 5315: 5309: 5304: 5298: 5285: 5283: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5267:Edward Stanhope 5251: 5249: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5217: 5215: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5183: 5181: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5149: 5147: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5115: 5113: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5081: 5079: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5063:Edward Stanhope 5052: 5050: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5018: 5016: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4995: 4973: 4971: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4939: 4937: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4905: 4903: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4876: 4874: 4866: 4864: 4860: 4842: 4840: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4808: 4806: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4774: 4772: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4750:Lord Privy Seal 4740: 4738: 4730: 4728: 4724: 4706: 4704: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4682:Lord Chancellor 4672: 4670: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4638: 4636: 4628: 4626: 4621: 4614: 4580: 4569: 4558: 4553: 4460: 4374:Michael Bentley 4340: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4281: 4280: 4141: 4133: 4132: 4098: 4090: 4089: 3853: 3845: 3844: 3722: 3714: 3713: 3655:Christian right 3645: 3637: 3636: 3417: 3409: 3408: 3159: 3151: 3150: 3101:Public morality 3096:Property rights 3070:Ordered liberty 2945:Noblesse oblige 2906:Culture of life 2901:Cultural values 2864: 2856: 2855: 2761: 2725:Maurice Cowling 2686: 2655: 2624: 2615: 2613:Domestic policy 2544: 2476: 2474:Second Boer War 2470: 2468:Second Boer War 2450:Kruger telegram 2442: 2434:Lord Landsdowne 2430:Monroe Doctrine 2409: 2355:'s border with 2337: 2331: 2303: 2297: 2275:National Review 2263: 2201:Gainsford Bruce 2197: 2184: 2182:Domestic policy 2132: 2126: 2081:, eighteen new 2063:Austria-Hungary 2042: 2025:Lord Hartington 2003: 1997: 1989:Irish Home Rule 1969: 1935:National Review 1931: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1846:National Review 1816:Malcolm MacColl 1807: 1801: 1799:Reform Act 1884 1784:Richard Shannon 1771: 1755: 1722: 1714:Second Boer War 1659: 1562: 1560:Reform Act 1867 1556: 1554:Reform Act 1867 1531:. When in 1867 1521: 1471:Saturday Review 1413: 1393:Mount Alexander 1358:Oxford movement 1304: 1158: 1135: 1131: 1109: 1084: 1030: 1010: 964: 948: 944: 941: 923:Political party 907: 903: 890: 889:3 February 1830 884: 882: 838: 826: 820: 815: 806: 791: 779: 773: 766: 761: 738: 728: 718: 712: 707: 697: 687: 677: 671: 666: 656: 646: 641: 625: 619: 614: 598: 568: 556: 546: 540: 535: 523: 511: 499: 493: 488: 471: 459: 447: 441: 436: 426: 414: 404: 398: 393: 383: 371: 361: 355: 350: 338: 326: 316: 310: 305: 288: 276: 266: 260: 255: 239: 223: 213: 199: 194: 184: 172: 158: 153: 141: 129: 124: 102: 97: 72: 51: 49: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13165: 13155: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12952: 12951: 12946: 12945: 12943: 12942: 12932: 12926: 12923: 12922: 12920: 12919: 12918: 12917: 12912: 12911: 12910: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12839: 12837: 12833: 12832: 12830: 12829: 12824: 12822:Queen Victoria 12819: 12818: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12764: 12759: 12758: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12739: 12737:British empire 12734: 12728: 12726: 12720: 12719: 12717: 12716: 12711: 12709:← Georgian era 12705: 12702: 12701: 12694: 12693: 12686: 12679: 12671: 12662: 12661: 12659: 12658: 12650: 12642: 12634: 12626: 12618: 12610: 12601: 12598: 12597: 12590: 12589: 12582: 12575: 12567: 12558: 12557: 12555: 12554: 12547: 12545: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12535: 12528: 12526: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12516: 12509: 12507: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12497: 12490: 12488: 12482: 12481: 12479: 12478: 12471: 12469: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12459: 12452: 12450: 12444: 12443: 12441: 12440: 12434: 12427: 12425: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12415: 12408: 12406: 12396: 12395: 12393: 12392: 12385: 12383: 12377: 12376: 12374: 12373: 12366: 12364: 12358: 12357: 12355: 12354: 12348: 12341: 12339: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12329: 12322: 12320: 12314: 12313: 12311: 12310: 12303: 12301: 12299:Home Secretary 12295: 12294: 12292: 12291: 12284: 12282: 12276: 12275: 12273: 12272: 12265: 12263: 12257: 12256: 12254: 12253: 12246: 12244: 12238: 12237: 12235: 12234: 12227: 12225: 12219: 12218: 12211: 12209: 12207: 12206: 12199: 12197: 12187:Prime Minister 12183: 12182: 12170: 12169: 12162: 12155: 12147: 12138: 12137: 12135: 12134: 12122: 12109: 12106: 12105: 12103: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12076: 12074: 12068: 12067: 12065: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11963: 11961: 11955: 11954: 11947: 11945: 11943: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11606: 11604: 11600: 11599: 11585: 11584: 11577: 11570: 11562: 11553: 11552: 11530: 11527: 11526: 11523: 11522: 11519: 11518: 11516: 11515: 11505: 11499: 11493: 11487: 11481: 11475: 11464: 11458: 11453: 11451: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11443: 11438: 11427: 11421: 11416: 11414: 11406: 11405: 11395: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11341: 11338: 11337: 11327: 11326: 11323: 11322: 11319: 11318: 11316: 11315: 11310: 11309: 11308: 11303: 11292: 11290: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11008: 11006: 11002: 11001: 10999: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10972: 10970: 10966: 10965: 10963: 10962: 10954: 10952: 10944: 10943: 10933: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10921: 10915: 10913: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10905: 10899: 10897: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10889: 10883: 10881: 10877: 10876: 10874: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10852: 10850: 10846: 10845: 10843: 10842: 10836: 10834: 10830: 10829: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10824: 10817:1922 Committee 10813: 10811: 10807: 10806: 10804: 10803: 10797: 10795: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10787: 10782: 10781: 10780: 10779: 10778: 10762: 10760: 10752: 10751: 10741: 10740: 10737: 10736: 10734: 10733: 10732: 10731: 10721: 10720: 10719: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10697: 10696: 10695: 10685: 10684: 10683: 10673: 10672: 10671: 10661: 10660: 10659: 10649: 10648: 10647: 10637: 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Chamberlain 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10215:Steel-Maitland 10211: 10209: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10120:N. Chamberlain 10117: 10112: 10106: 10104: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10092: 10090:A. Chamberlain 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10037: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10011: 10009: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9944: 9942: 9937:House of Lords 9928: 9927: 9917: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9809: 9807: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9799: 9793: 9791: 9783: 9782: 9772: 9771: 9762: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9739: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9435: 9433: 9431:House of Lords 9427: 9426: 9424: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9031: 9029: 9023: 9022: 9015: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8992: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8979: 8966: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8959: 8952: 8945: 8938: 8931: 8924: 8917: 8910: 8903: 8896: 8889: 8882: 8875: 8868: 8861: 8854: 8847: 8840: 8833: 8826: 8819: 8812: 8805: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8777: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8749: 8742: 8735: 8728: 8721: 8714: 8707: 8700: 8693: 8686: 8679: 8672: 8665: 8658: 8651: 8644: 8637: 8630: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8595: 8588: 8581: 8574: 8567: 8560: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8529:Lord Grenville 8525: 8518: 8511: 8503: 8501: 8499:United Kingdom 8495: 8494: 8492: 8491: 8484: 8477: 8470: 8463: 8456: 8449: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8407: 8400: 8393: 8386: 8378: 8376: 8370: 8369: 8357: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8334: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8291:Hatfield House 8288: 8282: 8280: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8272: 8264: 8256: 8248: 8240: 8232: 8224: 8215: 8213: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8179: 8177: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8169: 8166:Arthur Balfour 8163: 8157: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8133: 8127: 8121: 8115: 8109: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8050: 8048: 8044: 8043: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8013: 8011: 8007: 8006: 7999: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7976: 7967: 7966: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7953: 7944: 7939: 7935: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7922: 7919: 7910: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7896: 7895: 7890: 7887: 7878: 7873: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7863: 7860:Arthur Balfour 7858: 7855: 7837: 7836: 7831: 7828: 7823:House of Lords 7815: 7810: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7800: 7797:Arthur Balfour 7795: 7792: 7783: 7778: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7765: 7755: 7754: 7751:Arthur Balfour 7749: 7746: 7737: 7732: 7728: 7727: 7722: 7719: 7710: 7705: 7701: 7700: 7691: 7686: 7682: 7681: 7676: 7673: 7664: 7659: 7655: 7654: 7649: 7646: 7637: 7632: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7619: 7609: 7608: 7598: 7597: 7592: 7589: 7580: 7575: 7571: 7570: 7565: 7562: 7552: 7551: 7546: 7543: 7534: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7515: 7510: 7506: 7505: 7500: 7497: 7488: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7470: 7461: 7456: 7452: 7451: 7446: 7443: 7434: 7429: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7416: 7407: 7402: 7398: 7397: 7393: 7392: 7383: 7380: 7347: 7338: 7334: 7333: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7263: 7252: 7241: 7240:External links 7238: 7237: 7236: 7226: 7216: 7209: 7202: 7195: 7183: 7180: 7179: 7178: 7175:History Today, 7171: 7166:Lowry, Donal. 7164: 7161:History Review 7157: 7148: 7147:Historiography 7145: 7144: 7143: 7138:Weston, C. C. 7136: 7129: 7122: 7115: 7105: 7098: 7088: 7087:(1996). 569pp. 7081: 7072: 7066: 7060:. Oxford U.P. 7051: 7044: 7031: 7020: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6989: 6982: 6975: 6968: 6961: 6960:Vol. VI, 1892. 6951: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6918: 6905: 6898: 6881:Chisholm, Hugh 6877: 6867: 6857: 6850: 6829: 6818: 6817: 6810: 6800: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6751:(2): 299–301. 6728: 6706: 6697: 6684: 6682:Smith, p. vii. 6675: 6662: 6649: 6637: 6631:Robert Blake, 6624: 6622:(2000) 32:677. 6611: 6598: 6585: 6572: 6559: 6553:Robert Blake, 6546: 6540:David Steele, 6533: 6520:MeasuringWorth 6500: 6491: 6471: 6443: 6415: 6408: 6388: 6375: 6368: 6348: 6335: 6323: 6310: 6297: 6284: 6271: 6254: 6241: 6228: 6215: 6202: 6189: 6176: 6163: 6150: 6137: 6124: 6108: 6091: 6075: 6059: 6046: 6033: 6020: 6007: 5994: 5988:978-0719564475 5987: 5969: 5962: 5953:Lord Salisbury 5942: 5929: 5909: 5893: 5865: 5843: 5830: 5803: 5790: 5783: 5763: 5750: 5737: 5728: 5715: 5698: 5686: 5672: 5661: 5649: 5619: 5523: 5516: 5496: 5489: 5469: 5460: 5446: 5439: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5379: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5319: 5316: 5311:Main article: 5308: 5305: 5300:Main article: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5280: 5270: 5265: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5246: 5236: 5231: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5212: 5202: 5197: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5178: 5168: 5163: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5144: 5134: 5129: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5110: 5100: 5095: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5076: 5066: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5047: 5037: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5013: 5003: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4968: 4958: 4953: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4934: 4924: 4919: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4900: 4890: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4871: 4861: 4856: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4837: 4827: 4822: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4803: 4793: 4788: 4786: 4780: 4779: 4769: 4759: 4754: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4735: 4725: 4720: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4701: 4691: 4686: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4667: 4657: 4652: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4633: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4543:Salisbury had 4541: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4490: 4459: 4456: 4421:Fort Salisbury 4415:Arthur Balfour 4393:Andrew Roberts 4382:Clement Attlee 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4331: 4324: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4298: 4283: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4241: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4232:Patriarchalism 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4146:Anti-communism 4142: 4140:Related topics 4139: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4128:Ordoliberalism 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4080:United Kingdom 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3816: 3815: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3702:Ultramontanism 3699: 3689: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3131:State religion 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2976: 2974:Fundamentalism 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2950: 2949: 2940: 2935: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2846:Traditionalist 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2746: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2721:H.C.G. Matthew 2708:Hatfield House 2685: 2682: 2667:Lord Melbourne 2654: 2651: 2639:Arthur Balfour 2623: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2587:Admiral Fisher 2543: 2540: 2472:Main article: 2469: 2466: 2441: 2438: 2417:British Guiana 2408: 2405: 2357:British Guiana 2345:Kaiser Wilhelm 2330: 2329:Foreign policy 2327: 2296: 2293: 2262: 2259: 2241:New York Times 2213:Francis Duncan 2196: 2193: 2183: 2180: 2128:Main article: 2125: 2122: 2114:Queen Victoria 2041: 2040:Foreign policy 2038: 2029:Arthur Balfour 1996: 1993: 1968: 1965: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1893:Downing Street 1800: 1797: 1794:Lord Salisbury 1770: 1767: 1754: 1751: 1721: 1718: 1673:and elected a 1667:House of Lords 1658: 1655: 1574:Lord Carnarvon 1555: 1552: 1520: 1517: 1412: 1409: 1308:Hatfield House 1303: 1300: 1275:House of Lords 1271:Arthur Balfour 1241:, winning the 1181:Lord Salisbury 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1086: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1009: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 981:Lady Gwendolen 978: 972: 970: 966: 965: 946: 942: 937: 936: 934: 930: 929: 924: 920: 919: 914: 910: 909: 906:(aged 73) 902:22 August 1903 900: 896: 895: 880: 876: 875: 871: 870: 867: 866: 863: 862: 859: 858: 855: 854: 851: 850: 847: 846: 841: 835: 834: 829: 823: 822: 812: 811: 800: 799: 794: 788: 787: 782: 776: 775: 763: 762: 755: 752: 751: 745: 744: 741: 735: 734: 731: 725: 724: 721: 719:Prime Minister 715: 714: 704: 703: 700: 694: 693: 690: 684: 683: 680: 678:Prime Minister 674: 673: 663: 662: 659: 653: 652: 649: 643: 642: 640: 639: 634: 630: 628: 626:Prime Minister 622: 621: 611: 610: 604: 603: 600: 599: 596: 589: 588: 585: 584: 581: 580: 577: 576: 571: 565: 564: 559: 553: 552: 549: 547:Prime Minister 543: 542: 532: 531: 526: 520: 519: 514: 508: 507: 502: 500:Prime Minister 496: 495: 485: 484: 478: 477: 474: 468: 467: 462: 456: 455: 450: 448:Prime Minister 444: 443: 433: 432: 429: 423: 422: 417: 411: 410: 407: 405:Prime Minister 401: 400: 390: 389: 386: 380: 379: 374: 368: 367: 364: 362:Prime Minister 358: 357: 347: 346: 341: 335: 334: 329: 323: 322: 319: 317:Prime Minister 313: 312: 302: 301: 295: 294: 293:Arthur Balfour 291: 285: 284: 279: 273: 272: 269: 267:Prime Minister 263: 262: 252: 251: 245: 244: 241: 240: 237: 230: 229: 226: 220: 219: 216: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 191: 190: 187: 181: 180: 175: 169: 168: 165: 161: 160: 150: 149: 147:Arthur Balfour 144: 138: 137: 132: 126: 125: 123: 122: 117: 111: 109: 105: 104: 94: 93: 87: 86: 83: 82: 74: 73: 50: 47: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13164: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12967:Victorian era 12965: 12964: 12962: 12941: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12927: 12924: 12916: 12913: 12909: 12906: 12905: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12860: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12840: 12838: 12834: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12767: 12765: 12763: 12762:Pax Britannia 12760: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12725: 12721: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12706: 12703: 12699: 12698:Victorian era 12692: 12687: 12685: 12680: 12678: 12673: 12672: 12669: 12655: 12651: 12647: 12643: 12639: 12635: 12631: 12627: 12623: 12619: 12615: 12611: 12607: 12603: 12602: 12599: 12595: 12588: 12583: 12581: 12576: 12574: 12569: 12568: 12565: 12552: 12549: 12548: 12546: 12544: 12540: 12533: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12521: 12514: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12502: 12495: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12487: 12483: 12476: 12473: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12464: 12457: 12454: 12453: 12451: 12449: 12445: 12438: 12435: 12432: 12429: 12428: 12426: 12424: 12420: 12413: 12410: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12401: 12397: 12390: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12382: 12378: 12371: 12368: 12367: 12365: 12363: 12359: 12352: 12349: 12346: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12338: 12334: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12321: 12319: 12315: 12308: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12300: 12296: 12289: 12286: 12285: 12283: 12281: 12277: 12270: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12262: 12258: 12251: 12248: 12247: 12245: 12243: 12239: 12232: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12224: 12220: 12215: 12204: 12201: 12200: 12198: 12196: 12192: 12188: 12184: 12179: 12175: 12168: 12163: 12161: 12156: 12154: 12149: 12148: 12145: 12133: 12132: 12128: 12123: 12121: 12120: 12111: 12110: 12107: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12077: 12075: 12069: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11964: 11962: 11956: 11951: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11925:Gordon Walker 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11607: 11605: 11601: 11597: 11592: 11583: 11578: 11576: 11571: 11569: 11564: 11563: 11560: 11550: 11540: 11528: 11513: 11509: 11506: 11503: 11500: 11497: 11494: 11491: 11488: 11485: 11482: 11479: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11465: 11462: 11459: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11448: 11442: 11439: 11435: 11431: 11428: 11425: 11422: 11418: 11417: 11415: 11411: 11407: 11400: 11396: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11339: 11332: 11328: 11314: 11311: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11298: 11297: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11287: 11281: 11280:Five Families 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11260:Selsdon Group 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11009: 11007: 11003: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10956: 10955: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10938: 10934: 10920: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10910: 10904: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10894: 10888: 10885: 10884: 10882: 10878: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10847: 10841: 10838: 10837: 10835: 10831: 10823: 10820: 10819: 10818: 10815: 10814: 10812: 10810:Parliamentary 10808: 10802: 10799: 10798: 10796: 10792: 10786: 10783: 10777: 10774: 10773: 10772: 10769: 10768: 10767: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10757: 10753: 10746: 10742: 10730: 10727: 10726: 10725: 10722: 10718: 10715: 10714: 10713: 10710: 10706: 10703: 10702: 10701: 10698: 10694: 10691: 10690: 10689: 10686: 10682: 10679: 10678: 10677: 10674: 10670: 10667: 10666: 10665: 10662: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10650: 10646: 10643: 10642: 10641: 10638: 10634: 10631: 10630: 10629: 10626: 10621: 10620: 10619: 10616: 10612: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10604: 10599: 10598: 10597: 10594: 10590: 10587: 10586: 10585: 10582: 10578: 10575: 10574: 10573: 10570: 10569: 10566: 10559: 10555: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10520: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10509: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10202: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10097: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10006: 10000: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9939: 9933: 9929: 9922: 9918: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9804: 9798: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9790:Organisations 9788: 9784: 9777: 9773: 9769: 9760: 9755: 9753: 9748: 9746: 9741: 9740: 9737: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9436: 9434: 9432: 9428: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9013: 9008: 9006: 9001: 8999: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8977: 8968: 8967: 8964: 8957: 8953: 8950: 8946: 8943: 8939: 8936: 8932: 8929: 8925: 8922: 8918: 8915: 8911: 8908: 8904: 8901: 8897: 8894: 8890: 8887: 8883: 8880: 8876: 8873: 8869: 8866: 8862: 8859: 8855: 8852: 8848: 8845: 8841: 8838: 8834: 8831: 8827: 8824: 8820: 8817: 8813: 8810: 8806: 8803: 8799: 8796: 8792: 8789: 8785: 8782: 8778: 8775: 8771: 8768: 8764: 8761: 8757: 8754: 8750: 8747: 8743: 8740: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8726: 8722: 8719: 8715: 8712: 8708: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8691: 8687: 8684: 8680: 8677: 8673: 8670: 8666: 8663: 8659: 8656: 8652: 8649: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8635: 8631: 8628: 8624: 8621: 8617: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8603: 8600: 8596: 8593: 8589: 8586: 8582: 8579: 8575: 8572: 8568: 8565: 8561: 8558: 8554: 8551: 8547: 8544: 8540: 8537: 8533: 8530: 8526: 8523: 8519: 8516: 8512: 8509: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8496: 8489: 8485: 8482: 8478: 8475: 8471: 8468: 8464: 8461: 8457: 8454: 8450: 8447: 8443: 8440: 8436: 8433: 8429: 8426: 8422: 8419: 8415: 8412: 8408: 8405: 8401: 8398: 8394: 8391: 8387: 8384: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8374:Great Britain 8371: 8366: 8362: 8355: 8350: 8348: 8343: 8341: 8336: 8335: 8332: 8326: 8319: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8277: 8270: 8269: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8254: 8253: 8249: 8246: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8210: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8178: 8174: 8167: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8152: 8149: 8146: 8143: 8140: 8137: 8134: 8131: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8113: 8110: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8097: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8045: 8038: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8008: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7990: 7985: 7983: 7978: 7977: 7974: 7959: 7950: 7949: 7942: 7936: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7916: 7915: 7908: 7902: 7897: 7893: 7884: 7883: 7876: 7870: 7865: 7861: 7854: 7852: 7844: 7843: 7838: 7834: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7813: 7807: 7802: 7798: 7789: 7788: 7781: 7775: 7771: 7762: 7761: 7756: 7752: 7743: 7742: 7735: 7729: 7725: 7716: 7715: 7708: 7702: 7697: 7696: 7689: 7683: 7679: 7670: 7669: 7662: 7656: 7652: 7643: 7642: 7635: 7629: 7625: 7616: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7604: 7599: 7595: 7586: 7585: 7578: 7572: 7568: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7549: 7540: 7539: 7532: 7526: 7521: 7520: 7513: 7507: 7503: 7494: 7493: 7486: 7480: 7476: 7467: 7466: 7459: 7453: 7449: 7440: 7439: 7432: 7426: 7422: 7413: 7412: 7405: 7399: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7379: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7354: 7353: 7345: 7341: 7335: 7332: 7328: 7323: 7316: 7310: 7307: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7262: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7251: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7210: 7207: 7203: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7189: 7186: 7185: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7165: 7162: 7158: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7141: 7137: 7134: 7130: 7127: 7123: 7120: 7116: 7113: 7109: 7108:Steele, David 7106: 7103: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7086: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7069: 7067:9780198207146 7063: 7059: 7058: 7052: 7049: 7048:History Today 7045: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6946: 6943:Gillard, D.R. 6942: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6894: 6893: 6887: 6882: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6855: 6851: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6793: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6757:10.1068/p5716 6754: 6750: 6746: 6739: 6732: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6716: 6710: 6701: 6694: 6688: 6679: 6672: 6666: 6659: 6653: 6646: 6641: 6634: 6628: 6621: 6615: 6608: 6602: 6595: 6589: 6582: 6576: 6569: 6563: 6556: 6550: 6543: 6537: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6510: 6504: 6495: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6475: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6447: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6419: 6411: 6409:9781135712136 6405: 6401: 6400: 6392: 6385: 6379: 6371: 6369:9780199133734 6365: 6361: 6360: 6352: 6346:(2003) 2:1154 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6320: 6314: 6307: 6301: 6294: 6288: 6281: 6280:A New England 6275: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6251: 6248:Elie Halévy, 6245: 6238: 6237:A New England 6232: 6225: 6219: 6212: 6211:A New England 6206: 6199: 6193: 6186: 6180: 6173: 6167: 6160: 6154: 6147: 6141: 6134: 6128: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6088: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6056: 6050: 6043: 6037: 6030: 6024: 6017: 6011: 6004: 5998: 5990: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5965: 5963:9781134516711 5959: 5955: 5954: 5946: 5939: 5933: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5913: 5906: 5903: 5897: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5869: 5861: 5860: 5854: 5847: 5840: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5794: 5786: 5784:9781780760599 5780: 5776: 5775: 5767: 5760: 5754: 5747: 5741: 5732: 5725: 5719: 5711: 5710: 5702: 5695: 5690: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5665: 5658: 5653: 5646: 5642: 5639:Paul Smith, " 5636: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5616: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5519: 5517:9780198207146 5513: 5509: 5508: 5500: 5492: 5490:9780571294176 5486: 5482: 5481: 5473: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5413:Jones, Daniel 5408: 5404: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5359: 5355: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5324:Victorian era 5322: 5321: 5314: 5303: 5281: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5247: 5237: 5234: 5230: 5228: 5224: 5213: 5203: 5200: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5179: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5160: 5156: 5145: 5135: 5132: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5111: 5101: 5098: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5077: 5067: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5048: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5014: 5004: 5001: 4997: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4980: 4969: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4935: 4925: 4922: 4918: 4916: 4912: 4901: 4891: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4872: 4862: 4859: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4838: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4804: 4794: 4791: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4770: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4736: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4702: 4692: 4689: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4668: 4658: 4655: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4634: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4563: 4548: 4546: 4545:prosopagnosia 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4445:Robert Mugabe 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4396: 4394: 4391:commissioned 4390: 4385: 4383: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4349: 4337: 4332: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4297: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4239:Right realism 4237: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4173:United States 4171: 4170: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4086: 4085:United States 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3633: 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3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3194:Chateaubriand 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3158:Intellectuals 3155: 3154: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3006:Law and order 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2969:Family values 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2954:Ethical order 2952: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2811:Paternalistic 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2766:Authoritarian 2764: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2690: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2619: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2594: 2588: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2576:'s policy of 2575: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2428:, citing the 2427: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2307: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2270: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2251: 2249: 2248: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2195:Controversies 2192: 2189: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2156:Roberto Ivens 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2083:torpedo boats 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1992: 1990: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1940:Laissez-faire 1936: 1930: 1910: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1806: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1750: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1625: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1607: 1603: 1602:habeas corpus 1598: 1593: 1589: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1568: 1561: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1544:Orissa famine 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1511:point d'appui 1507: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1495:William Scott 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1435:on 22 August 1434: 1430: 1417: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373:Lincoln's Inn 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1332:Hertfordshire 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320:Lord Burghley 1317: 1313: 1309: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 973: 971: 967: 940: 935: 931: 928: 925: 921: 918: 915: 913:Resting place 911: 901: 897: 893: 881: 877: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 845: 842: 836: 833: 830: 824: 818: 813: 810: 805: 801: 798: 795: 789: 786: 783: 777: 771: 770: 764: 760: 759: 758:Lord Temporal 753: 750: 746: 742: 736: 732: 726: 722: 716: 710: 705: 701: 695: 691: 685: 681: 675: 669: 664: 660: 654: 650: 644: 638: 635: 632: 631: 629: 623: 617: 612: 609: 605: 601: 594: 590: 586: 582: 575: 572: 566: 563: 560: 554: 550: 544: 538: 533: 530: 527: 521: 518: 515: 509: 506: 503: 497: 491: 486: 483: 479: 475: 469: 466: 463: 457: 454: 451: 445: 439: 434: 430: 424: 421: 418: 412: 408: 402: 396: 391: 387: 381: 378: 375: 369: 365: 359: 353: 348: 345: 342: 336: 333: 330: 324: 320: 314: 308: 303: 300: 296: 292: 286: 283: 280: 274: 270: 264: 258: 253: 250: 246: 242: 235: 231: 227: 221: 217: 211: 207: 203: 197: 192: 188: 182: 179: 176: 170: 166: 162: 156: 151: 148: 145: 139: 136: 133: 127: 121: 118: 116: 113: 112: 110: 106: 100: 95: 92: 88: 84: 80: 75: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 13012:Cecil family 12930:Bibliography 12843:Demographics 12809: 12741:By location 12732:British Army 12621: 12202: 12177: 12124: 12112: 11972:Douglas-Home 11915:Douglas-Home 11819: 11804: 11789: 11779: 11355:Bruges Group 10957: 10759:Professional 10712:October 2022 10645:Duncan Smith 10475: / 10466: / 10457: / 10448: / 10424: / 10415: / 10391: / 10319:Thorneycroft 10282: / 10165:Duncan Smith 10140:Douglas-Home 10125:W. Churchill 10070:R. Churchill 10047: / 10043: / 10031: 9977: 9973:Beaconsfield 9873:Fourth Party 9838:Carlton Club 9573: 9558: 9548: 9544:Beaconsfield 9381:Duncan Smith 9316:Douglas-Home 8858:Douglas-Home 8767:Lloyd George 8738: 8717: 8703: 8432:G. Grenville 8271:(Film, 2017) 8266: 8258: 8255:(Film, 1979) 8250: 8242: 8234: 8231:(Film, 1941) 8226: 8223:(Film, 1938) 8218: 8083:Constituency 8002: 7946: 7912: 7880: 7849: 7840: 7817: 7785: 7758: 7739: 7712: 7693: 7666: 7639: 7612: 7601: 7582: 7555: 7536: 7517: 7490: 7463: 7436: 7409: 7359: 7349: 7340:John Herries 7254: 7229: 7219: 7212: 7205: 7198: 7191: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7153: 7139: 7132: 7125: 7118: 7111: 7101: 7091: 7084: 7077: 7056: 7047: 7037: 7023: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6991:Millman, R. 6985: 6978: 6971: 6964: 6957: 6947: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6911: 6901: 6890: 6870: 6860: 6853: 6841:another copy 6832: 6825: 6813: 6803: 6796: 6776:. Retrieved 6748: 6744: 6731: 6724:Google Books 6714: 6709: 6700: 6692: 6687: 6678: 6670: 6665: 6657: 6652: 6644: 6640: 6632: 6627: 6619: 6614: 6606: 6601: 6593: 6588: 6580: 6579:Paul Smith, 6575: 6567: 6566:P.T. Marsh, 6562: 6554: 6549: 6541: 6536: 6524:. Retrieved 6518: 6503: 6494: 6483: 6474: 6462:. Retrieved 6455: 6446: 6434:. Retrieved 6427: 6418: 6398: 6391: 6383: 6378: 6358: 6351: 6343: 6338: 6326: 6318: 6313: 6305: 6300: 6292: 6287: 6279: 6274: 6262: 6257: 6249: 6244: 6236: 6231: 6223: 6218: 6210: 6205: 6197: 6192: 6184: 6179: 6171: 6166: 6158: 6153: 6145: 6140: 6132: 6127: 6116: 6111: 6099: 6094: 6086: 6083:Allan Nevins 6078: 6067: 6062: 6054: 6049: 6041: 6036: 6028: 6023: 6015: 6010: 6002: 6001:Paul Hayes, 5997: 5978: 5972: 5952: 5945: 5937: 5932: 5916: 5912: 5901: 5896: 5884:. Retrieved 5880:The Guardian 5878: 5868: 5857: 5846: 5838: 5833: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5798: 5793: 5773: 5766: 5758: 5753: 5745: 5740: 5731: 5723: 5718: 5708: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5680: 5675: 5664: 5652: 5644: 5614: 5506: 5499: 5479: 5472: 5463: 5455: 5449: 5428: 5425:Esling, John 5421:Setter, Jane 5417:Roach, Peter 5407: 5382: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5358: 4618: 4542: 4498: 4468:Conservative 4461: 4453: 4449:Cecil Rhodes 4419: 4408: 4397: 4386: 4379: 4370:Andrew Jones 4365: 4355: 4348:Robert Blake 4345: 4222:Para-fascism 4151:White Terror 3780: 3775:Maurrassisme 3773: 3766: 3727:Berlusconism 3660:Confucianism 3451: 3369:Solzhenitsyn 3359:Gómez Dávila 3141:Subsidiarity 3121:Social order 2979:Gender roles 2743:Conservatism 2716:Robert Blake 2712: 2679: 2660: 2656: 2636: 2625: 2616: 2606: 2598: 2592: 2584: 2577: 2567: 2556:Risikoflotte 2555: 2545: 2524: 2512: 2500: 2496:Jameson Raid 2477: 2458:Jameson Raid 2443: 2411:In 1895 the 2410: 2378: 2372: 2338: 2312: 2273: 2271: 2264: 2252: 2245: 2223:, an Indian 2218: 2209:Lord Compton 2203:had won the 2198: 2185: 2160:Cecil Rhodes 2133: 2107: 2043: 2022: 2014: 1986: 1970: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1938: 1934: 1932: 1890: 1884:Hartington's 1861: 1856: 1852: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1830: 1824: 1820: 1808: 1772: 1756: 1734: 1723: 1703: 1698:Vanity Fair' 1697: 1660: 1638: 1636: 1628: 1621: 1616: 1606:Carlton Club 1601: 1597:Lord Stanley 1594: 1590: 1586: 1571: 1563: 1541: 1522: 1509: 1499: 1486: 1482: 1475: 1469: 1467: 1453:ultramontane 1433:Conservative 1426: 1385: 1370: 1362:Oxford Union 1351: 1347:Eton College 1340: 1315: 1305: 1279: 1232: 1201: 1185:Conservative 1180: 1106: 1105: 1039:Eton College 927:Conservative 904:(1903-08-22) 839:Succeeded by 816: 792:Succeeded by 767: 756: 739:Succeeded by 708: 698:Succeeded by 667: 657:Succeeded by 615: 569:Succeeded by 536: 524:Succeeded by 489: 472:Succeeded by 437: 427:Succeeded by 394: 384:Succeeded by 351: 339:Succeeded by 306: 289:Succeeded by 256: 224:Succeeded by 195: 185:Succeeded by 154: 142:Succeeded by 98: 36: 12982:1903 deaths 12977:1830 births 12888:Masculinity 12656:(from 2003) 12648:(1972–2003) 12640:(1947–1972) 12632:(1903–1947) 12624:(1868–1903) 12616:(1823–1868) 12608:(1789–1823) 12534:(1885–1886) 12515:(1885–1886) 12496:(1885–1886) 12477:(1885–1886) 12439:(1885–1886) 12414:(1885–1886) 12391:(1885–1886) 12372:(1885–1886) 12347:(1885–1886) 12328:(1885–1886) 12309:(1885–1886) 12290:(1885–1886) 12271:(1885–1886) 12252:(1885–1886) 12233:(1885–1886) 12205:(1885–1886) 11850:Chamberlain 11680:Castlereagh 11350:Bright Blue 11335:Think tanks 11296:List of MPs 11289:Politicians 11230:No Campaign 11220:Monday Club 11210:Fresh Start 10849:Subnational 10065:Hicks Beach 10034:(1848–1849) 10008:(1834–1922) 9941:(1828–1922) 9709:Strathclyde 9193:Chamberlain 9163:Hicks Beach 8816:Chamberlain 8010:Premiership 7366:John Inglis 7259:1803–2005: 6977:Lowe, C. J. 6795:Adonis, A. 6778:24 February 6498:Smith, 2004 6480:"No. 27456" 6304:Grenville, 6144:Grenville, 5886:21 November 4562:transcluded 4123:Corporatism 4103:Agrarianism 4065:South Korea 4060:Switzerland 4010:New Zealand 4005:Netherlands 3830:Thatcherism 3798:Pinochetism 3697:Integralism 3416:Politicians 3234:Tocqueville 3199:Czartoryski 3136:Stewardship 3126:Sovereignty 3106:Rule of law 3048:Natural law 3043:Nationalism 3016:Maternalism 3001:Imperialism 2959:Familialism 2938:Meritocracy 2933:Aristocracy 2879:Traditional 2831:Reactionary 2826:Progressive 2796:Libertarian 2771:Corporatist 2593:Dreadnought 2579:Realpolitik 2569:Weltpolitik 2566:called for 2454:Paul Kruger 2255:Niger Delta 2118:marquessate 2075:battleships 2016:Vanity Fair 1981:Lord Wemyss 1977:R. A. Cross 1923:Appointment 1902:Reform Bill 1811:Reform Bill 1630:legerdemain 1377:Cape Colony 1328:Elizabeth I 1287:reactionary 1001:Lord Edward 827:Preceded by 780:Preceded by 729:Preceded by 688:Preceded by 647:Preceded by 557:Preceded by 512:Preceded by 460:Preceded by 415:Preceded by 372:Preceded by 327:Preceded by 277:Preceded by 214:Preceded by 173:Preceded by 130:Preceded by 12961:Categories 11992:Carrington 11800:Iddesleigh 11745:Malmesbury 11730:Malmesbury 11720:Palmerston 11710:Palmerston 11705:Wellington 11700:Palmerston 11640:Hawkesbury 11012:2020 group 10833:Conference 10473:Stephenson 10436:McLoughlin 10309:Carrington 9983:Devonshire 9958:Malmesbury 9948:Wellington 9925:Leadership 9684:Carrington 9679:Shackleton 9674:Carrington 9524:Malmesbury 9474:Wellington 9464:Wellington 9454:Wellington 9266:Lees-Smith 9148:Hartington 9123:Palmerston 8655:Palmerston 8641:Palmerston 8592:Wellington 8571:Wellington 8467:Rockingham 8439:Rockingham 8411:Devonshire 8390:Wilmington 8263:(TV, 1988) 8247:(TV, 1978) 8239:(TV, 1975) 8132:(daughter) 8126:(daughter) 7952:1868–1903 7918:1895–1903 7886:1869–1903 7827:1881–1902 7791:1900–1902 7764:1895–1902 7718:1895–1900 7699:1892–1895 7672:1887–1892 7645:1886–1892 7624:W.H. Smith 7618:1886–1887 7561:1885–1886 7542:1885–1886 7496:1881–1885 7469:1878–1880 7442:1874–1878 7415:1866–1867 7378:1866–1868 7188:Paul Smith 6984:Marsh, P. 6958:The Arena, 6869:Cecil, C. 6822:Lord Blake 6745:Perception 6308:pp 368–69. 5925:Vol. 69–70 5400:References 5372:his father 5286:1885-09-17 5276:1885-06-24 5252:1886-01-28 5242:1885-08-17 5184:1886-01-28 5174:1885-06-27 5116:1886-01-28 5106:1886-01-23 5082:1886-01-28 5072:1885-08-19 5053:1885-08-19 5043:1885-06-24 5019:1886-01-28 5009:1885-06-24 4940:1886-01-28 4930:1885-06-24 4906:1886-02-06 4896:1886-01-21 4877:1886-01-21 4867:1885-06-24 4843:1886-01-28 4833:1885-06-24 4809:1886-02-01 4799:1885-06-24 4775:1886-01-28 4765:1885-06-24 4741:1886-02-06 4731:1885-06-24 4707:1886-01-28 4697:1885-06-24 4673:1886-02-01 4663:1885-06-29 4639:1886-02-06 4629:1885-06-23 4504:Lake Nyasa 4466:, a minor 4398:After the 4227:Patriarchy 3990:Luxembourg 3868:Bangladesh 3813:Khomeinism 3757:Fujimorism 3747:Erdoğanism 3737:Cameronism 3497:De Gasperi 3462:Mannerheim 3437:Metternich 3279:Jabotinsky 3269:Chesterton 3239:Dostoevsky 3090:Patriotism 3075:Organicism 3021:Monarchism 2918:Discipline 2863:Principles 2643:Edward VII 2492:uitlanders 2488:Afrikaners 2361:Great Game 2071:Royal Navy 2051:Suez Canal 1741:Lord Derby 1643:Sunderland 1548:Blue Books 1525:Lord Derby 1282:Paul Smith 1212:Lord Derby 1047:Alma mater 885:1830-02-03 120:Edward VII 12908:Burlesque 12883:Jewellery 12863:Cosmetics 11977:Callaghan 11905:Macmillan 11855:Henderson 11845:MacDonald 11825:Lansdowne 11820:Salisbury 11815:Kimberley 11805:Salisbury 11790:Salisbury 11785:Granville 11780:Salisbury 11770:Granville 11765:Clarendon 11755:Clarendon 11740:Clarendon 11725:Granville 11675:Wellesley 11635:Grenville 11345:Bow Group 11306:2010–2015 11301:2005–2010 10794:Voluntary 10369:Parkinson 10364:Mawhinney 10324:Parkinson 10289:Blakenham 10135:Macmillan 10060:Northcote 9988:Lansdowne 9978:Salisbury 9704:Cranborne 9584:Kimberley 9569:Kimberley 9564:Granville 9554:Granville 9539:Granville 9519:Granville 9504:Granville 9479:Melbourne 9469:Melbourne 9439:Grenville 9341:Callaghan 9301:Gaitskell 9286:Churchill 9276:Greenwood 9251:Henderson 9241:MacDonald 9231:MacDonald 9168:Gladstone 9158:Gladstone 9153:Northcote 9143:Gladstone 9133:Gladstone 8886:Callaghan 8851:Macmillan 8837:Churchill 8823:Churchill 8802:MacDonald 8788:MacDonald 8739:Salisbury 8725:Gladstone 8718:Salisbury 8711:Gladstone 8704:Salisbury 8697:Gladstone 8683:Gladstone 8606:Melbourne 8585:Melbourne 8550:Liverpool 8515:Addington 8474:Shelburne 8418:Newcastle 8404:Newcastle 8114:(brother) 8027:1895-1902 8022:1886-1892 8017:1885–1886 7853:1881–1885 7373:1858–1866 7363:1853–1858 6921:Jones, A. 6645:The Times 6457:The Times 6429:The Times 5905:Volume IV 5694:Army List 5307:1895–1902 5296:1886–1892 4587:Portfolio 4556:1885–1886 4499:Gwendolen 4380:In 1967, 4050:Singapore 3950:Guatemala 3903:Hong Kong 3858:Australia 3825:Sarkozysm 3820:Reaganism 3793:Powellism 3752:Francoism 3742:Chiangism 3622:Bolsonaro 3607:Netanyahu 3602:Kaczyński 3512:De Gaulle 3487:Churchill 3452:Salisbury 3394:Mansfield 3374:Koselleck 3334:Oakeshott 3204:Coleridge 3146:Tradition 3085:Orthodoxy 2991:Historism 2874:Authority 2836:Religious 2821:Pragmatic 2591:HMS 2522:in 1910. 2446:Helgoland 2421:Venezuela 2385:an island 2353:Venezuela 1961:The Times 1887:demanded. 1872:Carnarvon 1832:The Times 1827:Hyde Park 1493:and Rev. 1292:demagogic 1089:Signature 1035:Education 894:, England 817:In office 709:In office 668:In office 616:In office 537:In office 490:In office 438:In office 395:In office 352:In office 307:In office 257:In office 196:In office 155:In office 99:In office 12940:Category 12898:Painting 12893:Morality 12755:Scotland 12090:Cleverly 12037:Miliband 11982:Crosland 11895:Morrison 11810:Rosebery 11795:Rosebery 11715:Aberdeen 11695:Aberdeen 11670:Bathurst 11650:Mulgrave 11645:Harrowby 11615:Grantham 11225:92 Group 11017:Activate 10589:Thatcher 10528:Whitelaw 10523:Maudling 10511:See also 10446:Cleverly 10314:Whitelaw 10270:Hailsham 10255:Assheton 10230:Davidson 10150:Thatcher 10055:Disraeli 10041:Disraeli 10020:Bentinck 9968:Richmond 9629:Hailsham 9579:Rosebery 9534:Richmond 9401:Miliband 9336:Thatcher 9296:Morrison 9256:Lansbury 9178:Harcourt 9138:Disraeli 9128:Disraeli 9118:Disraeli 9108:Disraeli 9103:Disraeli 9085:Bentinck 9045:Ponsonby 8976:Category 8893:Thatcher 8732:Rosebery 8676:Disraeli 8634:Aberdeen 8564:Goderich 8543:Perceval 8536:Portland 8481:Portland 8279:See also 8244:Disraeli 8168:(nephew) 8120:(father) 8090:Stamford 7352:Stamford 6914:(1964). 6883:(1911). 6844:Archived 6773:40998360 6765:17402670 6695:, p. 25. 6633:Disraeli 6278:Searle, 6267:in JSTOR 6235:Searle, 6209:Searle, 6183:Langer, 6072:in JSTOR 5427:(eds.). 5415:(2011). 5318:See also 4590:Minister 4497:SS 4441:Zimbabwe 4433:Rhodesia 4217:Nativism 4020:Pakistan 3995:Malaysia 3915:Colombia 3835:Trumpism 3803:Putinism 3788:Metaxism 3782:Mellismo 3762:Gaullism 3732:Bukelism 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