46:
823:
1011:
668:
404:
583:
1336:
920:
in the
Transnistria area, carried out numerous massacres of Jews during the first half of 1942. The victims were deportees from Rumanian-controlled territory, it being Marshal Ion Antonescu's policy to racially "cleanse" the Rumanian nation. His preferred technique was to expel them to
1003:, Poland. The memorandum refuted claims that organizations like VoMi had no knowledge that Jews were being murdered en masse in the extermination camps. The note is an example of the use of the Nazi euphemism "evacuation" for Jews that were being murdered in
367:). VoMi's primary task was the resettlement of German peoples outside Germany. Between 1939 and 1942, VoMi had resettled half a million ethnic Germans into the newly occupied territories of the Reich under the slogan "
921:
German-controlled territory and have the responsible SS/ Police units exterminate them. Many of these Jews were passed back and forth for weeks before a mix of Sk-R units and ethnic German
999:, detailed instructions on dealing with this ill-gotten wealth; which even included collecting the underwear of victims. It ordered that the property should be sent to the VoMi offices in
930:
Most of these murders occurred in the county (Judetul) of
Berezovca, where ethnic Germans, distributed among 40 or so villages, made up 40% of the population. Sk-R was commanded by SS-
499:(RKFDV) run by Himmler. The RKFDV, as an SS-controlled organization, had the authority to say who was German, where ethnic Germans could live, and what populations should be
1463:
934:
Horst
Hoffmeyer, a senior VoMi officer. His HQ was in Landau, located west of the River Bug. Apparently, the unit was divided into seven local offices, three of which were:
496:
451:
713:. It also assessed potential candidates for settlement grading them on their ethnicity, politics and skills. However, Amt VI, although tasked with the welfare of
811:. Amt IX had several sub divisions, these included domestic affairs, relations between ethnic Germans and the Nazi Party, affairs between foreign states and the
1090:. Volume 55 of Historische Mitteilungen im Auftrage der Ranke-Gesellschaft: Beiheft, ISSN 0939-5385 (in German). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 149.
1248:
Grams, Grant W.(2021). Return
Migration of German Nationals from the United States and Canada, 1933–1941, Jefferson, North Carolina, McFarland Publications.
1703:
709:("Office of ethnic Germans within the Reich") This office looked after the welfare of ethnic Germans that had been allowed to settle within the borders of
1113:
eingerbürgert. Vielfach wurde
Kursells Dienststelle aber weiterhin Büro von Kursell genannt. Eine verbindliche Sprachregelung war nicht festgelegt worden.
428:
157:
1824:
657:
963:
Slightly more detail on this can be found in Andrej
Angrick's paper in Yad Vashem Studies XXVI (1998), pp 232–234. Perhaps oddly, Radu Ioanid's
1783:
45:
1733:
1087:
Volkstumspolitik des
Deutschen Reiches 1933-1938: die Auslanddeutschen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Traditionalisten und Nationalsozialisten
1448:
1288:
984:
803:
considered this to be the most important department within VoMi as it provided the political leadership for ethnic
Germans within the
861:("Office managing the economics of ethnic Germans") This office established agriculture, work projects, banking and credit for the
1718:
1360:
1625:
1169:
1142:
1095:
364:
1010:
652:("Information") This department documented and reported all VoMi activity and resettlement projects. It worked closely with
477:
424:
822:
752:
1453:
839:
1882:
1200:
894:
667:
473:
1575:
1417:
630:("Finances, Economics and Administration") It was responsible for financing VoMi projects and distributing funds to
1713:
1708:
403:
582:
1365:
1422:
1260:"Online-Lexikon zur Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im Ostlichen Europa - Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (VoMi)"
1259:
495:) with control over all VoMi personnel and field offices. In June 1941 VOMI was absorbed into the office of the
1539:
1281:
781:("Culture and science") This section was engaged in collating and archiving the cultural history of resettled
1723:
1188:
Himmler's auxiliaries: the
Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German national minorities of Europe, 1933-1945
388:
1808:
1803:
1534:
1877:
1689:
1657:
1615:
1192:
1029:, NSDAP office founded in 1933 and tasked with creating and formulating the Third Reich's racial policy.
57:
visiting an exhibition of proposed rural German settlements within occupied
Eastern Europe (March 1941).
1630:
1442:
1635:
1274:
1159:
816:
616:. In the later period of the war, Amt II's importance increased as it was responsible for allocating
416:
571:("Headquarters") This department, unlike other VoMi Amts, contained only SS personnel. It contained
1620:
1473:
988:
965:
The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime, 1940-1944
1756:
1669:
1590:
1580:
1024:
996:
843:
1335:
1319:
1872:
1819:
1134:
1697:
1437:
960:
Liebl's unit was responsible for the massacre of 1,200 Jews at Suha Verba in early June 1942.
1126:
1468:
1355:
756:
677:
485:
408:
380:
972:
344:
8:
1836:
1679:
1642:
1478:
572:
526:
213:
1831:
1773:
1761:
1549:
1502:
1488:
831:
748:
590:
481:
461:
434:
1350:
503:
in order to make room for the German settlers. As RKFDV chief, Himmler authorized the
443:
1554:
1508:
1227:
1196:
1165:
1138:
1127:
1091:
722:
609:
887:("Resettlement") This department was primarily responsible for handling the massive
1851:
1778:
1751:
1674:
1610:
1432:
1396:
1386:
1161:
Kirchen im Krieg: Europa 1939-1945: mit einer Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
1046:
866:
546:
500:
447:
356:
314:
administration, it became responsible for orchestrating the implementation of Nazi
222:
147:
54:
1109:
Für das Büro von Kursell hatte sich bereits seit März 1936 mehr und mehr der Name
732:
1766:
1559:
1529:
1186:
1085:
1042:
1036:
992:
901:
847:
808:
691:("Germanness education") This provided cultural and educational services to help
653:
456:
137:
1647:
1605:
1427:
1381:
1058:
740:
594:
506:
368:
327:
854:
468:). This position authorized the SS to plan, initiate, and control the pace of
1866:
1391:
1314:
1298:
1232:
United States of America v. Oswald Pohl, et al. (Case No. 4, the "Pohl Trial)
1054:
1004:
897:
889:
870:
862:
782:
744:
714:
692:
672:
661:
639:
631:
617:
613:
586:
531:
519:
469:
348:
310:
299:
263:
240:
172:
159:
24:
1846:
1814:
1664:
1652:
1084:
Luther, Tammo (2004). "4.5.1: Errichtung der Volksdeutschen Mittelstelle".
976:
923:
835:
827:
710:
696:
438:
412:
376:
331:
273:
133:
1014:
Kommandobuch issued to the members of the SS VoMi serving in Transnistria.
1000:
525:
In June 1942 Himmler put all VoMi personnel under the jurisdiction of the
1746:
1741:
874:
812:
804:
634:. It was the only department that remained under complete control of the
305:
50:
967:
does not cover Sk-R, nor does Valdis O. Lumen's book dedicated to VoMi.
623:
1513:
1401:
635:
542:
537:
352:
317:
293:
258:
207:
20:
991:. Frank was responsible for taking the property from Jews murdered in
529:. With Hitler's blessing, Himmler now had complete control over VoMi,
1496:
1325:
1266:
576:
510:(mobile death squads) and other SS police units to round up and kill
372:
1228:"Judgment of the Tribunal (regarding August Frank), 3 November 1947"
792:
760:
392:
384:
789:
for artifacts, treasure and documents belonging to ethnic Germans.
743:") It had a similar role as Amt VI but looked after the welfare of
1464:
Office of the Reich Commissioner for Germanic Resettlement (RKFDV)
1841:
1544:
786:
718:
702:
734:
Amt VII: Sicherung Deutschen Volkstums in den neuen Ostgebieten
360:
151:
541:
programs. Although VoMi remained technically an office of the
1032:
497:
Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood
452:
Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood
119:
1050:
856:
Amt X: Führung der Wirtschaft in den Deutschen Volksgruppen
768:
764:
726:
515:
612:
officer. It dealt with SS and non-SS personnel within the
371:" (Home into the Empire). These territories included the
1195:/ London: Univ. of North Carolina Press. pp. 142–5.
511:
1039:, oversaw marriage licenses and child-breeding programs.
1225:
987:), which was responsible for the administration of the
800:
1262:(in German). Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg.
608:("Organization and Personnel") This was managed by an
589:
are shown around their Nazi-appropriated farmhouse in
304:- the population of ethnic Germans living outside the
660:. Amt IV also published information journals for the
625:
Amt III: Finanzen, Wirtschaft und Vermögensverwaltung
116:
Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums
997:
a memorandum prepared by Frank on September 26, 1942
774:
601:
491:
In 1941 the VoMi was upgraded to an SS Main Office (
407:
Poles being deported during the ethnic cleansing of
1118:
799:("Political office of German ethnic groups") The
794:Amt IX: Politische Führung Deutscher Volksgruppen
1864:
1158:Hummel, Karl-Joseph; Kösters, Christoph (2007).
1255:, Nicholas Calabria Publisher, Pacts (ME), 2004
840:SS concentration camp administration department
815:regarding ethnic Germans and liaisons with the
342:It was founded in 1937 under the command of SS-
292:(Coordination Center for Ethnic Germans) was a
1221:
1219:
704:Amt VI: Sicherung Deutschen Volkstums im Reich
684:
429:Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany (1939–1944)
296:agency founded to manage the interests of the
1282:
1157:
680:by VoMi receive agriculture training in 1940.
1253:Ahnenerbe, the Academy of sciences of the SS
363:(this changed to Keithstraße in 1943 due to
315:
297:
286:
278:
89:
81:
1216:
1289:
1275:
985:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
869:its main role was the exploitation of the
561:was organized into 11 departments (1942):
86:(VR) - (Ethnic German Council) (1933-1935)
1124:
1009:
907:
826:The SS Ethnic Germans Welfare Office in
821:
666:
645:
581:
402:
981:SS-Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptamt
532:ethnic Germans outside Imperial Germany
1865:
1296:
1184:
1083:
739:("Office of ethnic Germans in the new
549:, it was under the control of the SS.
1459:Main Office for Ethnic Germans (VOMI)
1454:Office of Race and Settlement (RuSHA)
1270:
880:
564:
464:für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums
1133:. Oxford University Press. pp.
425:Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
1449:Economics and Administration Office
433:On October 7, 1939, two days after
245:Chef für Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle
13:
411:after its immediate annexation by
14:
1894:
834:in 1940. On September 26, 1942,
785:. The department also acted as a
776:Amt VIII: Kultur und Wissenschaft
603:Amt II: Organisation und Personal
38:Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (VoMi)
1334:
1035:, SS organization that enforced
593:in November 1939 during action "
44:
1366:Allgemeine-SS regional commands
1234:, vol. V, pp. 992–997
552:
1576:SS-Begleitkommando des Führers
1418:Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS
1178:
1151:
1077:
747:in Eastern Europe, such as in
676:who had been resettled in the
1:
1545:Secret State Police (Gestapo)
1423:Command Staff Reichsführer-SS
1226:Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
1065:
916:, institutional successor to
193:
1809:German Earth and Stone Works
1804:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
1757:Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen
1680:Security Battalions (Greece)
1550:State Security Police (SiPo)
1523:Police and security services
620:to the Reich Labor Service.
486:invasion of the Soviet Union
478:population transfer projects
337:
7:
1784:Finnish Volunteer Battalion
1752:Germaansche SS in Nederland
1560:Customs Border Guards (ZGS)
1193:Chapel Hill, North Carolina
1018:
914:Sonderkommando R (Russland)
686:Amt V: Deutschtumserziehung
355:. Its headquarters were on
10:
1899:
1443:Reich Security Main Office
1185:Lumans, Valdis O. (1993).
1164:. Schöningh. p. 253.
1111:Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle
759:. It had field offices in
717:, worked closely with the
422:
308:. Ultimately coming under
280:Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle
18:
1797:SS-controlled enterprises
1796:
1732:
1688:
1598:
1589:
1568:
1522:
1487:
1410:
1374:
1343:
1332:
1307:
1125:Longerich, Peter (2012).
351:as a state office of the
323:
254:
232:
200:
188:
173:52.5169528°N 13.3834111°E
143:
129:
108:
100:
74:
66:
61:
43:
36:
1883:German words and phrases
1555:SS Security Service (SD)
1489:Ideological institutions
995:in 1942. After the war,
989:Nazi concentration camps
938:Worms - commanded by SS-
850:be sent to this office.
398:
16:Agency of the Nazi Party
1670:Order Police battalions
1581:Reichssicherheitsdienst
1540:Criminal police (Kripo)
1530:Uniformed police (Orpo)
1438:Head Operational Office
979:was an official of the
900:throughout Germany and
873:in the interest of the
658:Ministry of Information
484:, and later, after the
435:Poland had been overrun
1820:German Equipment Works
1535:Schutzpolizei (Schupo)
1015:
851:
681:
598:
501:cleared or annihilated
488:, in occupied Russia.
460:
420:
316:
298:
287:
279:
178:52.5169528; 13.3834111
90:
82:
1714:SS Division Totenkopf
1709:SS Division Das Reich
1704:Leibstandarte (LSSAH)
1026:Rassenpolitisches Amt
1013:
927:militia killed them.
908:Role in the Holocaust
838:, an official of the
825:
817:Nazi Foreign Ministry
670:
647:Amt IV: Informationen
585:
545:until the end of the
406:
239:SS-Obergruppenführer
201:Ministers responsible
1356:SS and police leader
1320:SS-Totenkopfverbände
844:property of the Jews
527:SS Police and Courts
1719:SS Polizei Division
1698:SS-Verfügungstruppe
1690:Waffen-SS divisions
1643:Rollkommando Hamann
450:to the new role of
389:Danzig-West Prussia
214:Franz Xaver Schwarz
211:Reichsschatzmeister
169: /
148:Unter den Linden 64
33:
30:Coordination Center
1878:Operation Reinhard
1774:British Free Corps
1762:Germanske SS Norge
1724:SS Division Wiking
1503:Das Schwarze Korps
1016:
882:Amt XI: Umsiedlung
852:
842:directed that all
682:
599:
566:Amt I: Führungsamt
462:Reichskommissariat
421:
109:Superseding agency
83:Volksdeutscher Rat
75:Preceding agencies
32:for Ethnic Germans
29:
1860:
1859:
1792:
1791:
1569:Führer protection
1509:SS-Junker Schools
1251:Zaffiri Gabriel,
1171:978-3-506-75688-6
1144:978-0-19-959232-6
1097:978-3-515-08535-9
973:Obergruppenführer
945:Lichtenfeld - SS-
573:SS legal officers
379:; these included
345:Obergruppenführer
270:
269:
1890:
1832:Allach porcelain
1779:Kaminski Brigade
1734:Foreign SS units
1611:Schutzmannschaft
1596:
1595:
1479:Education Office
1474:Personnel Office
1433:SS Medical Corps
1411:Main departments
1397:Heinrich Himmler
1387:Joseph Berchtold
1338:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1236:
1235:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1132:
1129:Heinrich Himmler
1122:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1081:
954:Hauptsturmführer
867:Second World War
547:Second World War
448:Heinrich Himmler
417:invasion of 1939
357:Unter den Linden
325:
321:
303:
290:
282:
233:Agency executive
223:Heinrich Himmler
195:
184:
183:
181:
180:
179:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
93:
91:Büro von Kursell
85:
55:Heinrich Himmler
48:
34:
28:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1788:
1767:Schalburg Corps
1728:
1684:
1591:Waffen-SS units
1585:
1564:
1518:
1483:
1406:
1370:
1351:Reichsführer-SS
1339:
1330:
1303:
1295:
1258:
1243:Further reading
1240:
1239:
1224:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1123:
1119:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1043:Generalplan Ost
1021:
993:Aktion Reinhard
947:Obersturmführer
940:Obersturmführer
932:Standartenfuher
918:Einsatzgruppe D
910:
902:Occupied Europe
885:
859:
848:Aktion Reinhard
832:occupied Poland
809:occupied Europe
797:
779:
749:occupied Poland
737:
707:
689:
662:German settlers
654:Joseph Goebbels
650:
628:
606:
591:occupied Poland
587:German settlers
569:
555:
482:occupied Poland
444:Reichsführer-SS
431:
401:
340:
261:
250:
228:
220:Reichsführer-SS
177:
175:
171:
168:
163:
160:
158:
156:
155:
154:
138:Occupied Europe
136:
125:
96:
62:Agency overview
49:
31:
27:
19:Main articles:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1896:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:Klinker-Zement
1822:
1817:
1812:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1769:
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1754:
1744:
1738:
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1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
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1706:
1701:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1658:Volksdeutscher
1650:
1648:Arajs Kommando
1645:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1608:
1606:Einsatzgruppen
1602:
1600:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
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1572:
1570:
1566:
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1526:
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1511:
1506:
1499:
1493:
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1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1428:SS Main Office
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1382:Julius Schreck
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1309:
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1304:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1215:
1201:
1177:
1170:
1150:
1143:
1117:
1096:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:Eastern Europe
1051:Slavic peoples
1040:
1037:Aryan ideology
1030:
1020:
1017:
958:
957:
956:Rudolf Hartung
950:
943:
909:
906:
884:
879:
871:ethnic Germans
858:
853:
796:
791:
778:
773:
753:Czechoslovakia
745:ethnic Germans
736:
731:
706:
701:
695:assimilate to
688:
683:
649:
644:
627:
622:
605:
600:
595:Heim ins Reich
568:
563:
554:
551:
507:Einsatzgruppen
441:appointed the
415:following the
409:Greater Poland
400:
397:
369:Heim ins Reich
365:Allied Bombing
339:
336:
328:Eastern Europe
326:) policies in
268:
267:
256:
252:
251:
249:
248:
236:
234:
230:
229:
227:
226:
217:
204:
202:
198:
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190:
186:
185:
145:
141:
140:
131:
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112:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
95:
94:
87:
78:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1895:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Allgemeine SS
1871:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
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225:, (1939–1945)
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26:
25:The Holocaust
22:
1847:Sudetenquell
1815:Ostindustrie
1653:Selbstschutz
1616:Byelorussian
1599:Paramilitary
1501:
1458:
1445: (RSHA)
1297:
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1241:
1231:
1206:. Retrieved
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1101:. Retrieved
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846:murdered in
836:August Frank
828:Lodz, Poland
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638:and not the
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553:Organization
538:living space
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413:Nazi Germany
377:German Reich
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332:World War II
324:living-space
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274:Nazi Germany
271:
262:
244:
219:
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196:January 1942
164:13°23′0.28″E
161:52°31′1.03″N
144:Headquarters
130:Jurisdiction
115:
37:
1852:Anton Loibl
1837:Apollinaris
1747:Germanic-SS
1742:Austrian SS
1361:SS commands
1047:destruction
949:Franz Liebl
875:Third Reich
813:Third Reich
805:Third Reich
697:German ways
535:policy and
306:Third Reich
247:(1937–1945)
176: /
104:May 8, 1945
51:Rudolf Hess
1867:Categories
1626:Lithuanian
1514:Lebensborn
1402:Karl Hanke
1344:Leadership
1066:References
678:Wartheland
636:Nazi State
559:RKFDV-VOMi
543:Nazi Party
474:settlement
423:See also:
381:Wartheland
373:Reichsgaue
353:Nazi Party
322:(English:
318:Lebensraum
294:Nazi Party
21:Lebensraum
1665:Trawnikis
1631:Ukrainian
1497:Ahnenerbe
1326:Waffen-SS
1103:21 August
577:Waffen-SS
338:Formation
189:Employees
101:Dissolved
1636:Estonian
1308:Branches
1053:and the
1019:See also
721:and the
493:Hauptamt
1842:Mattoni
1700:(SS-VT)
1621:Latvian
1375:Leaders
1322:(SS-TV)
1208:26 June
1137:, 389.
787:curator
725:of the
719:Gestapo
711:Germany
466:- RKFDV
375:of the
330:during
134:Germany
1811:(DEST)
1199:
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1141:
1094:
1045:, the
942:Streit
895:settle
761:Kraków
757:Russia
579:unit.
575:and a
457:German
393:Danzig
387:) and
361:Berlin
192:5,000
152:Berlin
70:c.1937
67:Formed
1071:Notes
1033:RuSHA
516:Slavs
399:RKFDV
385:Posen
259:NSDAP
208:NSDAP
120:RKFDV
1675:Hiwi
1302:(SS)
1210:2009
1197:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1139:ISBN
1105:2023
1092:ISBN
1001:Łódź
807:and
769:Kiev
767:and
765:Riga
755:and
727:RSHA
557:The
520:Roma
518:and
512:Jews
476:and
427:and
288:VoMi
276:the
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505:SS-
480:in
395:).
284:or
272:In
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