875:
65:
1031:
1104:. By 1944, with the concentration camps fully integrated with the Waffen-SS and under the control of the WVHA, a standard practice developed to rotate SS members in and out of the camps, based on manpower needs and also to give assignments to wounded Waffen-SS officers and soldiers who could no longer serve in front-line combat. This rotation of personnel is the main argument that nearly the entire SS knew of the concentration camps, and what actions were committed within them, making the entire organization liable for
3355:
49:
1240:. Add to this that many senior SS members were also employees of the Reich government in capacities as ministers, deputies, etc. In 1944, nearly every SS general was granted equivalent Waffen-SS rank, without regard to previous military service. This was ordered so to give SS-generals authority over military units and POW camps and apparently to try to provide potential protection under the
462:
drunkards, criminals, or otherwise undesirable for service in the SS. Himmler's ultimate aim was to turn the SS into the most powerful organization in
Germany and most influential branch of the party. By 1930 Himmler had persuaded Hitler to run the SS as a separate organisation, although it was officially still subordinate to the SA.
1046:
As the Nazi regime became more oppressive and World War II escalated, the concentration camp system grew in size, lethal operation, and scope as the economic ambitions of the SS intensified. Intensification of the killing operations took place in late 1941 when the SS began construction of stationary
828:
was part-time mustering formations spread throughout
Germany. Members in these regional units would typically meet once a week in uniform, as well as participate in various Nazi Party functions. Activities including drill and ideological instruction, marching in parades, and providing security at
461:
took over the SS in
January 1929, he worked to separate the SS from the SA. By December 1929, the number of SS members had grown to 1,000. Himmler began to systematically develop and expand the SS with stricter requirements for members as well as a general purge of SS members who were identified as
691:
as government employees, were employed full-time in an SS office, and performed SS duties as their primary occupation. The vast majority of such full-time SS personnel were assigned to the main SS offices that were considered part of the
Allgemeine SS. By 1942, these main offices managed all
811:
Main office commanders and staff were exempt from military conscription, although many, such as
Heydrich, served as reservists in the regular German military. Main office members did join the Waffen-SS, where they could accept a lower rank and serve in active combat or be listed as inactive
1198:
and the Waffen-SS were based upon those of the SA and used the same titles. However, there was a distinctly separate hierarchical subdivisions of the larger Waffen-SS from its general-SS counterpart and an SS member could in fact hold two separate SS ranks. For instance, in 1940
476:(seizure of power) by the NSDAP in January 1933, the SS began to expand into a massive organization. By the end of 1932 it included over 52,000 members. By December 1933 the SS increased to 204,000 members and Himmler ordered a temporary freeze on recruitment.
1496:) to be established in occupied Poland and occupied areas of the Soviet Union. They were to be "armed industrialized agricultural complexes". They would also maintain order in the areas they were established. They did not go beyond the planning stage.
1089:
After 1942, the entire camp service was placed under the authority of the Waffen-SS for a variety of administrative and logistical reasons. The ultimate command authority for the camp system during World War II was the
1163:(Women Helper Corps), made up of female volunteers. Members were assigned as administrative staff and supply personnel, and served in command positions and as guards at women's concentration camps in places such as
595:, but this statistic changed during the later stages of the war when the Waffen-SS opened up membership for non-Germans. Further, with Himmler as Chief of the German Police, the SS also controlled the uniformed
541:("Armed Forces"), but remained under Himmler's control in times of peace and under Hitler's personal control regardless. According to this restructure, the SS now housed three different subordinate commands:
662:
had been issued grey war-time uniforms. Himmler ordered that the all-black uniforms be turned in for use by others. They were sent east where they were used by auxiliary police units and west to be used by
457:, Adolf Hitler. In 1925 the SS had only 200 active members and in 1926, it ended the year with the same number. There were 280 members in 1928 as the SS continued to struggle under the SA. After
3157:
576:, or of uncertain racial status. This "house cleaning" removed some 60,000 SS members by December 1935. By 1939, the SS had risen again and reached its peak with an estimated 240,000 members.
613:
referred to the "General SS," meaning those units of the SS considered "main, regular, or standard." By 1938, the
Allgemeine SS was administratively divided into several main sections:
3217:
3152:
3482:
804:
3237:
1389:
In 1944, the stated membership estimate for the SS was 800,000. The Waffen-SS had approximately 600,000 of those members in their ranks. The Waffen-SS had grown from three
3262:
3252:
3242:
3182:
3177:
3247:
3207:
1178:
to train women in communications so that they could free up men for combat roles. Himmler also intended to replace all female civilian employees in his service with
957:
were formed under the direction of
Heydrich and operated by the SS before and during World War II. In September 1939, they operated in territories occupied by the
3222:
3212:
3167:
3257:
3172:
3162:
2665:
1148:
ideals. They typically served as local security police augmenting German units of the
Gestapo, SD, and other main departments of the Reich Main Security Office.
3192:
985:
units perpetrated atrocities in the occupied Soviet Union, including mass murder of Jews, communists, prisoners of war, and hostages, and played a key role in
934:(RSHA) that was placed under Heydrich's control. As a functioning state agency, the SiPo ceased to exist. The ordinary uniformed German police, known as the
3722:
965:. Men for the units were drawn from the SS, the SD, and the police. Originally part of the SiPo, in late September 1939 the operational control of the
495:
the head of the
Gestapo. The SS was further cemented when both it and the Gestapo participated in the destruction of the SA leadership during the
591:
and the Waffen-SS, which until July 1940 was officially known as the SS-VT. When the war first began, the vast majority of SS members belonged to the
1358:
Independent craftsmen, farmers, small businessmen, salaried employees, civil servants, military non-commissioned officers, nonacademic professionals
3843:
1078:(operational by July 1942). On Himmler's orders, by early 1942 the concentration camp at Auschwitz was greatly expanded to include the addition of
583:
in Europe, the SS had solidified into its final form. Correspondingly, the term "SS" could be applied to three separate organizations, mainly the
914:
In 1936, the state security police forces of the
Gestapo and Kripo (Criminal Police) were consolidated. The combined forces were folded into the
1100:. Beside the camp operations, the WHVA was the organization responsible for managing the finances, supply systems and business projects for the
1182:
members, as they were selected and trained according to NSDAP ideology. The school was closed on 22 November 1944 due to the Allied advance.
874:
446:
and thus a subunit of the SA and the NSDAP. It was considered to be an elite organization by both party members and the general population.
395:, but this proportion changed during the later years of the war after the Waffen-SS opened up membership to ethnic Germans and non-Germans.
3802:
3752:
414:("Protection Command"). Hitler wanted a small group of tough ex-soldiers like Schreck, who would be loyal to him. The unit included old
3901:
3467:
3307:
738:
483:
and Himmler agreed to put aside their differences, largely because of their mutual hatred of the SA. Göring transferred control of the
816:
main offices was lifted and many junior members were ordered into combat with senior members assuming duties as Waffen-SS generals.
1510:
173:
3896:
3737:
3379:
3120:
3043:
1191:
3644:
64:
2971:
2952:
2930:
2911:
2843:
2824:
2802:
2760:
2737:
2678:
2654:
2635:
2616:
2597:
2575:
2556:
2534:
2502:
2443:
2402:
2381:
2328:
1237:
3137:
1030:
3472:
2885:
1092:
766:
275:
2684:
3009:
2990:
2866:
2783:
2715:
2667:
Das SS-Helferinnenkorps: Ausbildung, Einsatz und Entnazifizierung der weiblichen Angehörigen der Waffen-SS, 1942–1949
2519:
2487:
2469:
2421:
3594:
3436:
2342:
Das SS-Helferinnenkorps: Ausbildung, Einsatz und Entnazifizierung der weiblichen Angehörigen der Waffen-SS 1942–1949
1248:, SS-Generals thereby hoped they would be given status as military prisoners rather than captured police officials.
1164:
700:
3732:
3727:
2351:
1002:
3384:
3052:
3441:
1023:(SS-TV). Thereafter, the SS-TV branch increasingly became divided into the camp service proper and the military
506:
Himmler was later named the chief of all German police in June 1936, and the Gestapo was incorporated with the
3558:
3300:
1067:
507:
269:
3742:
2371:
1167:. Like their male equivalents in the SS, females participated in atrocities against Jews, Poles, and others.
17:
1071:
3827:
3822:
3553:
1039:
895:
3708:
3676:
3634:
3036:
3649:
3477:
3461:
3132:
2240:
Ziegler, Herbert F. (1989). "Elite recruitment and National Socialism: the SS-Führerkorps, 1925-1939."
931:
838:
meaning "SS-Senior Sector" responsible for commanding a (region), which were subordinate to the SS-HA;
783:
728:
658:
headquarters offices having administrative and supply command over the Waffen-SS. By 1940, all of the
3232:
850:. Before 1934, SS personnel received no pay and their work was completely voluntary. After 1933, the
3654:
3293:
3187:
1367:
Managers, higher civil servants, professionals, university students, entrepreneurs, military officers
1220:
1159:(literally, "Women's Corps") which was an auxiliary reporting and clerical unit, which included the
3639:
3492:
3197:
1505:
1241:
776:
496:
369:
322:
3021:
2776:
Zwischen Karriere und Verfolgung: Handlungsräume von Frauen im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland
568:
Himmler further conducted additional purges of the SS to exclude those deemed to be opportunists,
3775:
3688:
3609:
3599:
2296:
1399:
3354:
3338:
3227:
2770:
Schwarz, Gudrun (1997). "Frauen in der SS: Sippenverband und Frauenkorps". In Kristen Heinsohn;
383:
were raised in occupied countries. From 1940 they were consolidated into the Directorate of the
364:
163:
3891:
3838:
3202:
3142:
3029:
2392:
1415:
The mustering formations of part-time SS members, considered before 1938 to be the core of the
1245:
1109:
149:
3716:
3456:
2300:
1215:
717:
531:
354:
3276:
3147:
2242:
Politik und Milieu: Wahl- und Elitenforschung im historischen und interkulturellen Vergleich.
842:(SS-Sector) was the next lower level of command, responsible for administering a (District);
499:
from 30 June to 2 July 1934. They either killed or arrested every major SA leader, above all
930:(SD). Later from 27 September 1939 forward, the SD, Gestapo, and Kripo were folded into the
521:
In August 1934, Himmler received permission from Hitler to form a new organisation from the
3487:
3374:
1515:
1141:
970:
756:
1403:(regular army), but never formally a part of it. In comparison, by the end of the war the
1019:
640:
8:
3855:
3698:
3661:
3497:
3105:
3080:
2239:
1394:
1035:
862:
personnel were also not exempt from conscription and many were called up to serve in the
794:
294:
290:
281:
1453:
level was the highest which the ordinary SS member would typically associate with. The
1209:
416:
3850:
3792:
3780:
3568:
3521:
3507:
3095:
3075:
3070:
2895:
2513:
Jugendlexikon Nationalsozialismus. Begriffe aus der Zeit der Gewaltherrschaft 1933–1945
1063:
1055:
962:
916:
854:
commanders and their staff became regarded as "full time" but the rank and file of the
625:
511:
373:
261:
3369:
1229:
223:
3573:
3527:
3085:
3005:
2986:
2967:
2948:
2926:
2907:
2881:
2862:
2839:
2820:
2798:
2779:
2756:
2733:
2725:
2711:
2674:
2650:
2631:
2612:
2593:
2571:
2552:
2530:
2515:
2498:
2483:
2465:
2439:
2417:
2398:
2377:
2324:
926:
921:
898:. According to the archival caption, these men are planning the investigation of the
891:
879:
631:
515:
492:
352:
was officially established in the autumn of 1934 to distinguish its members from the
265:
2855:
2749:
1236:
SS members could also hold reserve commissions in the regular military as well as a
480:
3870:
3797:
3770:
3693:
3629:
3451:
3415:
3405:
2812:
2453:
2367:
2316:
1200:
1133:
887:
834:
458:
376:. SS formations committed many war crimes against civilians and allied servicemen.
80:
76:
535:(SS-VT). This was a paramilitary force, which in war was to be subordinate to the
3785:
3578:
3548:
3110:
3100:
2544:
2458:
2431:
1059:
936:
812:
reservists. By 1944, with Germany's looming defeat, the draft exemption for the
745:
597:
472:
428:. The unit made its first public appearance on 4 April 1925. That same year, the
71:
3666:
3624:
3446:
3400:
3090:
2703:
2339:
969:
was taken over by the RSHA. When the killing units were re-formed prior to the
953:
710:
443:
442:("Protection Squadron"; SS) on 9 November 1925. The SS was subordinated to the
407:
341:
113:
2218:
1419:, were maintained in their own order of battle, beginning with regiment sized
940:(Orpo), were under SS control after 1936 but were never incorporated into the
3885:
3410:
3317:
2771:
1010:
986:
573:
438:
425:
391:). When the war first began, the vast majority of SS members belonged to the
328:
188:
175:
122:
500:
48:
3865:
3833:
3683:
3671:
3056:
2940:
1282:
1145:
1079:
903:
580:
421:
403:
337:
333:
145:
977:
were drawn from the SD, Gestapo, Kripo, Orpo, civilian (SS auxiliary) and
3765:
3760:
2899:
2585:
1492:
Himmler had grand visions for the SS and authorized SS and Police Bases (
1175:
1125:
1097:
948:
899:
883:
668:
664:
487:
to Himmler, who was also named chief of all German police forces outside
384:
159:
84:
3532:
3420:
569:
454:
432:
was expanded to a national level. It was also successively renamed the
1219:(lieutenant colonel) in the Waffen-SS. If this same SS member were an
3515:
3344:
3285:
1486:
1105:
1075:
978:
958:
863:
537:
359:
1140:
in several Western European countries. Their purpose was to enforce
450:
53:
The general SS was the administrative and non-combative part of the
3051:
1958:
1390:
1083:
514:. Heydrich was made head of the SiPo and continued as chief of the
3483:
Office of the Reich Commissioner for Germanic Resettlement (RKFDV)
1724:
654:
and the Waffen-SS became increasingly blurred, due largely to the
3860:
3563:
3002:
Allgemeine-SS: The Commands, Units, and Leaders of the General SS
1027:
formation controlled by the SS-VT (forerunner of the Waffen-SS).
672:
488:
484:
257:
2319:; Buchheim, Hans; Broszat, Martin; Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf (eds.).
2315:
Buchheim, Hans (1968). "The SS – Instrument of Domination". In
2261:
1657:
907:
688:
167:
2006:
1532:
368:(SS Death's Head Units or SS-TV), which were in charge of the
2018:
1934:
1349:
Unskilled workers, skilled workers, military junior enlisted.
805:
Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood
302:
286:
1982:
1946:
801:
Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums; RKFDV
1693:
449:
The main task of the SS was the personal protection of the
358:(SS Dispositional Troops or SS-VT), which later became the
298:
253:
2114:
1838:
1756:
1754:
1580:
997:
All Concentration Camp staffs were originally part of the
944:; although many police members were also dual SS members.
2175:
2066:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
687:
were considered "full time" meaning that they received a
617:
Full-time officers and members of the main SS departments
2590:
Hitler's Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields
2187:
2126:
2090:
2078:
2054:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1850:
1802:
1669:
1013:, the Concentration Camp personnel were formed into the
832:
Regional SS units were organized into commands known as
79:
leads an SS ceremony on the anniversary of the death of
2755:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
2495:
The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS
2160:(University of North Carolina Press: 1989) pp. 224-232.
2030:
1970:
1886:
1826:
1790:
1766:
1751:
410:
to organise the formation of a new bodyguard unit, the
54:
2904:
Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany: The New Histories
2549:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
1741:
1739:
1705:
1681:
1621:
1568:
1556:
1407:
only had a little over 40,000 men still in its ranks.
2857:
The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–1945
2199:
1874:
1862:
1778:
1633:
1599:
1597:
1595:
2878:
The Waffen-SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War 1939–1945
2778:(in German). Frankfurt and New York: Campus Verlag.
2273:
2249:
2138:
2102:
2042:
1994:
1814:
2163:
1736:
1645:
1251:
1066:, three death camps were built in occupied Poland:
2854:
2748:
2457:
1609:
1592:
1544:
692:activities of the SS and were divided as follows:
646:Reserve, honorary or otherwise inactive SS members
1423:units and extending upwards to division strength
1244:rules of warfare. In the event of capture by the
3883:
1082:, where victims were killed using the pesticide
650:After World War II began, the lines between the
620:Part-time volunteer members of SS regional units
2291:Ingrao, Charles W.; Szabo, Franz A. J. (2008).
2219:"Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 20 day 195"
992:
920:(SiPo) and placed under the central command of
2751:Hitler's Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS
1465:) which were in turn divided into squad sized
1457:itself was further divided into platoon sized
1397:during World War II, and served alongside the
878:1939 photograph; shown from left to right are
846:(regiment), which were the basic units of the
787:(Coordination Center for Ethnic Germans; VoMi)
3301:
3037:
2923:KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps
2570:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
2551:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
1434:there were in turn subordinate battalions of
1017:in 1933, which later became known as the SS-
238:
221:
120:
111:
69:
38:
2833:
2647:Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1
1844:
510:(Criminal Police) into sub-branches of the
3308:
3294:
3044:
3030:
2898:(2010). "The Dynamics of Destruction". In
2724:
2663:
2452:
2193:
2072:
1699:
739:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
697:Hauptamt Persönlicher Stab Reichsführer-SS
604:
326:; "General SS") was a major branch of the
276:SS Economic and Administrative Departments
2983:Reinhard Heydrich: The Biography (Vol. 1)
2920:
2894:
2565:
2543:
2060:
2036:
1988:
1964:
1952:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1730:
1047:gassing facilities to replace the use of
678:
2980:
2861:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
2702:
2438:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
2430:
2411:
2314:
1976:
1892:
1796:
1772:
1760:
1718:
1687:
1511:List of Nazi Party leaders and officials
1260:Social background of SS-Officers in 1938
1029:
873:
465:
436:("Storm Squadron") and then finally the
2925:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
2836:The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany
2769:
2337:
2169:
2120:
1213:(full colonel), yet was only ranked an
773:SS Personalhauptamt|SS-Personalhauptamt
735:SS-Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptamt
379:Starting in 1939, foreign units of the
14:
3884:
3315:
2999:
2811:
2792:
2746:
2644:
2511:Kammer, Hilde and Bartsch, Elisabeth.
2436:Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich
2205:
2181:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1832:
1784:
1445:For most rank and file members of the
1293:
1290:
1287:
1281:
299:Main Welfare Office for Ethnic Germans
3478:Main Office for Ethnic Germans (VOMI)
3473:Office of Race and Settlement (RuSHA)
3289:
3025:
2961:
2939:
2875:
2852:
2673:(in German). Hamburg: VerlagsgesmbH.
2625:
2606:
2592:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2584:
2524:
2492:
2390:
2366:
2279:
2267:
2255:
2144:
2132:
2108:
2096:
2084:
2048:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1940:
1820:
1808:
1745:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1538:
321:
2730:The SS: Alibi of a Nation, 1922–1945
1062:gas from automobile engines. During
819:
3468:Economics and Administration Office
1285:when entering the SS-Officer Corps
858:were still part-time only. Regular
721:(SS Leadership Main Office; SS-FHA)
564:(SS-TV) from 29 March 1936, forward
24:
1410:
1093:SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
1007:Inspektion der Konzentrationslager
869:
767:SS Race and Settlement Main Office
25:
3913:
3902:1945 disestablishments in Germany
2964:Army of Evil: A History of the SS
2649:. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender.
2221:. Avalon Project, Yale Law School
1384:
1174:(Reich school for SS helpers) in
638:Concentration Camp staffs of the
629:(SiPo – Gestapo & Kripo) and
3353:
2797:. New York: Praeger Publishers.
2352:Institute of Historical Research
2338:Century, Rachel (January 2011).
2323:. New York: Walker and Company.
1438:themselves divided into company
1252:Social background of SS-Officers
1136:organizations modeled after the
1003:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
287:SS Office of Race and Settlement
63:
47:
3385:Allgemeine-SS regional commands
3053:Allgemeine-SS regional commands
2817:Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
2630:. Oxford and New York: Osprey.
2464:. London; New York: Routledge.
2307:
2285:
2233:
2211:
2150:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1172:Reichsschule für SS Helferinnen
1074:(operational by May 1942), and
763:SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt
683:Approximately one third of the
491:. Two days later Himmler named
3897:1934 establishments in Germany
3595:SS-Begleitkommando des Führers
3437:Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS
2966:. New York: Caliber Printing.
2902:; Wachsmann, Nikolaus (eds.).
2834:Stackelberg, Roderick (2007).
2628:Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939–45
1477:would be further divided into
1165:Ravensbrück concentration camp
1115:
701:Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS
667:units such as the ones in the
623:SS security forces, e.g., the
398:
389:Leitstelle der germanischen SS
219:Heinrich Himmler (1934–1945),
13:
1:
3564:Secret State Police (Gestapo)
3442:Command Staff Reichsführer-SS
2795:The Russo-German War, 1941–45
2480:Der Orden unter dem Totenkopf
2373:The Coming of the Third Reich
1521:
1070:(operational by March 1942),
924:, already chief of the party
3828:German Earth and Stone Works
3823:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
3776:Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen
3699:Security Battalions (Greece)
3569:State Security Police (SiPo)
3542:Police and security services
2921:Wachsmann, Nikolaus (2015).
1526:
1227:would issue a third rank of
1170:In 1942, Himmler set up the
1058:were killed with the use of
1040:Auschwitz concentration camp
993:Concentration camp personnel
971:invasion of the Soviet Union
829:various Nazi party rallies.
323:[ˌalɡəˈmaɪ̯nəˈɛsˈɛs]
7:
3803:Finnish Volunteer Battalion
3771:Germaansche SS in Nederland
3579:Customs Border Guards (ZGS)
2732:. New York: Da Capo Press.
2710:. London: Cassel & Co.
2397:. New York: Penguin Group.
2376:. New York: Penguin Group.
1499:
10:
3918:
3462:Reich Security Main Office
2985:. Church Stretton: Ulric.
2664:Mühlenberg, Jutta (2011).
2391:Evans, Richard J. (2008).
2270:, pp. 54, 56, 57, 66.
2244:Sankt Katharinen, table 1.
1967:, pp. 26–27, 196–198.
1666:, pp. 45–47, 300–305.
1541:, pp. 75–76, 276–280.
1494:SS- und Polizeistützpunkte
932:Reich Security Main Office
900:bomb assassination attempt
784:Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle
749:(Order Police Main Office)
729:Reich Security Main Office
527:Politischen Bereitschaften
3816:SS-controlled enterprises
3815:
3751:
3707:
3617:
3608:
3587:
3541:
3506:
3429:
3393:
3362:
3351:
3326:
3271:
3119:
3063:
2947:. London: Little, Brown.
2853:Stein, George H. (1984).
2566:Longerich, Peter (2012).
2527:The SS: A History 1919–45
2412:Flaherty, T. H. (2004) .
1733:, pp. 201, 469, 470.
1378:
1340:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1238:Nazi Party political rank
1009:or IKL). First headed by
725:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
246:
234:
212:
204:
155:
141:
133:
104:
96:
91:
62:
46:
37:
3574:SS Security Service (SD)
3508:Ideological institutions
3004:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer.
3000:Yerger, Mark C. (1997).
2774:; Ulrike Weckel (eds.).
2747:Rempel, Gerhard (1989).
2708:Himmler: Reichsführer-SS
2645:Miller, Michael (2006).
2568:Heinrich Himmler: A Life
2293:The Germans and the East
2027:, pp. 295, 299–300.
2015:, p. 283, 287, 290.
1943:, pp. 113, 122–131.
1506:Glossary of Nazi Germany
1185:
1001:under the office of the
973:in 1941, the men of the
777:SS Personnel Main Office
746:Ordnungspolizei Hauptamt
497:Night of the Long Knives
370:Nazi concentration camps
340:; it was managed by the
3689:Order Police battalions
3600:Reichssicherheitsdienst
3559:Criminal police (Kripo)
3549:Uniformed police (Orpo)
3457:Head Operational Office
2906:. New York: Routledge.
2880:. Cerberus Publishing.
2876:Stein, George (2002) .
2838:. New York: Routledge.
2793:Seaton, Albert (1971).
2611:. London: Amber Books.
2478:Hoehne, Heinz (1992) .
2414:The Third Reich: The SS
2321:Anatomy of the SS State
2297:Purdue University Press
1110:crimes against humanity
605:Hierarchy and structure
3839:German Equipment Works
3554:Schutzpolizei (Schupo)
2981:Williams, Max (2001).
2962:Weale, Adrian (2012).
2525:Koehl, Robert (2004).
2493:Höhne, Heinz (2001) .
2394:The Third Reich at War
1589:, pp. 26, 27, 29.
1427:commands. Within the
1221:architectural engineer
1155:also consisted of the
1043:
911:
906:of 8 November 1939 in
679:Full time SS personnel
239:
222:
121:
112:
70:
39:
3733:SS Division Totenkopf
3728:SS Division Das Reich
3723:Leibstandarte (LSSAH)
3277:SS and Police Leaders
2945:The SS: A New History
2626:McNab, Chris (2013).
2607:McNab, Chris (2009).
1288:SS-Totenkopfverbände
1054:Victims at these new
1033:
877:
466:Formation and service
189:52.50722°N 13.38250°E
164:Prinz-Albrecht-Straße
27:Main branch of the SS
3375:SS and police leader
3339:SS-Totenkopfverbände
3158:Lothringen-Saarpfalz
1516:List of SS personnel
1461:(sometimes known as
1291:SS-Verfügungstruppe
1142:Nazi racial doctrine
757:SS Court Main Office
589:SS-Totenkopfverbände
365:SS-Totenkopfverbände
213:Minister responsible
3738:SS Polizei Division
3717:SS-Verfügungstruppe
3709:Waffen-SS divisions
3662:Rollkommando Hamann
3106:Gustav Adolf Scheel
3081:Richard Hildebrandt
2896:Wachsmann, Nikolaus
2482:, Weltbild-Verlag.
2184:, pp. 223–224.
2135:, pp. 108–109.
2123:, pp. 223–244.
2099:, pp. 105–106.
2087:, pp. 258–263.
1991:, pp. 279–280.
1955:, pp. 196–198.
1811:, pp. 212–213.
1678:, pp. 228–229.
1327:Upper Middle Class
1313:Lower Middle Class
1216:Obersturmbannführer
1161:SS-Helferinnenkorps
1056:extermination camps
1051:for mass killings.
1036:Carpathian Ruthenia
959:German armed forces
795:SS Education Office
753:Hauptamt SS-Gericht
718:SS-Führungshauptamt
579:By the outbreak of
552:SS-Verfügungstruppe
532:SS-Verfügungstruppe
374:extermination camps
355:SS-Verfügungstruppe
295:SS Education Office
291:SS Personalhauptamt
185: /
34:
3793:British Free Corps
3781:Germanske SS Norge
3743:SS Division Wiking
3522:Das Schwarze Korps
3096:Hanns Albin Rauter
3076:Karl Hermann Frank
3071:Erich von dem Bach
2726:Reitlinger, Gerald
2529:. Stroud: Tempus.
2348:Reviews in History
1859:, pp. 82, 83.
1630:, pp. 32, 33.
1577:, pp. 10, 11.
1565:, pp. 16, 26.
1064:Operation Reinhard
1044:
963:invasion of Poland
917:Sicherheitspolizei
912:
626:Sicherheitspolizei
560:, known as the SS-
523:SS Sonderkommandos
479:On 20 April 1934,
262:Sicherheitspolizei
194:52.50722; 13.38250
105:Preceding agencies
32:
3879:
3878:
3811:
3810:
3588:Führer protection
3528:SS-Junker Schools
3283:
3282:
3086:Friedrich Jeckeln
2973:978-0-451-23791-0
2954:978-1-4087-0304-5
2932:978-0-374-11825-9
2913:978-0-415-42651-0
2845:978-0-415-30861-8
2826:978-1-56924-917-8
2819:. Da Capo Press.
2804:978-0-213-76478-4
2762:978-0-8078-4299-7
2739:978-0-306-80351-2
2680:978-3-86854-500-5
2656:978-93-297-0037-2
2637:978-1-78200-088-4
2618:978-1-906626-49-5
2609:The SS: 1923–1945
2599:978-0-547-86338-2
2577:978-0-19-959232-6
2558:978-0-19-280436-5
2536:978-0-7524-2559-7
2504:978-0-14-139012-3
2454:Hildebrand, Klaus
2445:978-0-300-11575-8
2404:978-0-14-311671-4
2383:978-0-14-303469-8
2368:Evans, Richard J.
2354:. Review no. 1183
2330:978-0-00211-026-6
2317:Krausnick, Helmut
2158:Hitler's Children
1835:, pp. 13–21.
1702:, pp. 13–14.
1642:, pp. 45–47.
1382:
1381:
1268:Social background
1120:By late 1940 the
1020:Totenkopfverbände
927:Sicherheitsdienst
922:Reinhard Heydrich
892:Reinhard Heydrich
880:Franz Josef Huber
820:SS regional units
641:Totenkopfverbände
632:Sicherheitsdienst
562:Totenkopfverbände
493:Reinhard Heydrich
312:
311:
16:(Redirected from
3909:
3851:Allach porcelain
3798:Kaminski Brigade
3753:Foreign SS units
3630:Schutzmannschaft
3615:
3614:
3498:Education Office
3493:Personnel Office
3452:SS Medical Corps
3430:Main departments
3416:Heinrich Himmler
3406:Joseph Berchtold
3357:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3015:
2996:
2977:
2958:
2936:
2917:
2891:
2872:
2860:
2849:
2830:
2808:
2789:
2766:
2754:
2743:
2721:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2683:. Archived from
2672:
2660:
2641:
2622:
2603:
2581:
2562:
2545:Longerich, Peter
2540:
2508:
2475:
2463:
2449:
2432:Gerwarth, Robert
2427:
2408:
2387:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2334:
2302:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2156:Gerhard Rempel,
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1845:Stackelberg 2007
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1485:equivalent of a
1368:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1256:
1255:
1242:Hague Convention
1210:Standartenführer
1201:Hermann Fegelein
1134:collaborationist
888:Heinrich Himmler
835:SS-Oberabschnitt
824:The core of the
759:; HA SS-Gericht)
601:(Order Police).
459:Heinrich Himmler
406:in 1925 ordered
325:
282:SS Courts Office
242:
227:
200:
199:
197:
196:
195:
190:
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
126:
117:
77:Heinrich Himmler
75:
67:
51:
42:
35:
31:
21:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3807:
3786:Schalburg Corps
3747:
3703:
3610:Waffen-SS units
3604:
3583:
3537:
3502:
3425:
3389:
3370:Reichsführer-SS
3358:
3349:
3322:
3314:
3284:
3279:
3267:
3115:
3111:Walter Schimana
3101:Wilhelm Rediess
3059:
3050:
3018:
3012:
2993:
2974:
2955:
2933:
2914:
2888:
2869:
2846:
2827:
2805:
2786:
2763:
2740:
2718:
2704:Padfield, Peter
2693:
2691:
2690:on 4 March 2016
2687:
2681:
2670:
2657:
2638:
2619:
2600:
2578:
2559:
2537:
2505:
2472:
2460:The Third Reich
2446:
2424:
2405:
2384:
2357:
2355:
2331:
2310:
2305:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2194:Mühlenberg 2011
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2073:Reitlinger 1989
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1706:
1700:Hildebrand 1984
1698:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1502:
1481:which were the
1413:
1411:Order of battle
1387:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1254:
1230:SS-Sonderführer
1188:
1124:controlled the
1118:
1060:carbon monoxide
1015:SS-Wachverbände
995:
937:Ordnungspolizei
896:Heinrich Müller
872:
870:Security forces
822:
807:; RKF or RKFDV)
791:SS-Schulungsamt
681:
607:
598:Ordnungspolizei
558:SS-Wachverbände
473:Machtergreifung
468:
401:
308:
297:
293:
289:
270:Kriminalpolizei
230:
224:Reichsführer-SS
220:
193:
191:
187:
184:
179:
176:
174:
172:
171:
170:
150:occupied Europe
129:
92:Agency overview
68:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3915:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3844:Klinker-Zement
3841:
3836:
3831:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3677:Volksdeutscher
3669:
3667:Arajs Kommando
3664:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3627:
3625:Einsatzgruppen
3621:
3619:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3447:SS Main Office
3444:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3401:Julius Schreck
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3218:Rhein-Westmark
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Rudolf Querner
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3010:
2997:
2991:
2978:
2972:
2959:
2953:
2937:
2931:
2918:
2912:
2892:
2887:978-1841451008
2886:
2873:
2867:
2850:
2844:
2831:
2825:
2809:
2803:
2790:
2784:
2767:
2761:
2744:
2738:
2722:
2716:
2700:
2679:
2661:
2655:
2642:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2604:
2598:
2582:
2576:
2563:
2557:
2541:
2535:
2522:
2509:
2503:
2490:
2476:
2470:
2450:
2444:
2428:
2422:
2409:
2403:
2388:
2382:
2364:
2335:
2329:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2284:
2282:, p. xxi.
2272:
2260:
2258:, p. xxv.
2248:
2232:
2210:
2208:, p. 306.
2198:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2149:
2147:, p. 109.
2137:
2125:
2113:
2111:, p. 108.
2101:
2089:
2077:
2075:, p. 265.
2065:
2063:, p. 559.
2061:Longerich 2012
2053:
2051:, p. 115.
2041:
2037:Wachsmann 2010
2029:
2017:
2005:
2003:, p. 283.
1993:
1989:Longerich 2010
1981:
1979:, p. 208.
1969:
1965:Wachsmann 2010
1957:
1953:Wachsmann 2015
1945:
1933:
1931:, p. 185.
1929:Longerich 2010
1921:
1919:, p. 144.
1917:Longerich 2010
1909:
1907:, p. 425.
1905:Longerich 2012
1897:
1895:, p. 163.
1885:
1883:, p. 169.
1873:
1871:, p. 117.
1861:
1849:
1847:, p. 302.
1837:
1825:
1823:, p. 458.
1813:
1801:
1799:, p. 156.
1789:
1787:, p. 330.
1777:
1775:, p. 258.
1765:
1763:, p. 129.
1750:
1735:
1731:Longerich 2012
1723:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1608:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1498:
1473:commands, the
1469:. For larger
1425:Oberabschnitte
1412:
1409:
1386:
1385:Total manpower
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1294:Allgemeine SS
1292:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1253:
1250:
1187:
1184:
1180:SS-Helferinnen
1157:SS-Frauenkorps
1132:), which were
1130:Germanische SS
1117:
1114:
1049:Einsatzgruppen
994:
991:
983:Einsatzgruppen
975:Einsatzgruppen
967:Einsatzgruppen
961:following the
954:Einsatzgruppen
871:
868:
821:
818:
809:
808:
798:
788:
780:
770:
760:
750:
742:
732:
722:
714:
711:SS Main Office
704:
680:
677:
648:
647:
644:
636:
621:
618:
606:
603:
566:
565:
555:
549:
467:
464:
430:Schutzkommando
412:Schutzkommando
408:Julius Schreck
400:
397:
342:SS Main Office
310:
309:
307:
306:
284:
279:
273:
250:
248:
247:Child agencies
244:
243:
236:
232:
231:
229:
228:
216:
214:
210:
209:
208:100,000 c.1940
206:
202:
201:
157:
153:
152:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
118:
114:Sturmabteilung
108:
106:
102:
101:
100:September 1934
98:
94:
93:
89:
88:
60:
59:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3914:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3892:Allgemeine SS
3890:
3889:
3887:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:Courts Office
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Erhard Heiden
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Allgemeine SS
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:Schutzstaffel
3311:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3138:Böhmen-Mähren
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3123:Oberabschnitt
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3011:0-7643-0145-4
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2992:0-9537577-5-7
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2941:Weale, Adrian
2938:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2868:0-8014-9275-0
2864:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2813:Snyder, Louis
2810:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2785:3-593-35756-9
2781:
2777:
2773:
2772:Barbara Vogel
2768:
2764:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2717:0-304-35839-8
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2520:3-499-16288-1
2517:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2488:3-89350-549-0
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2471:0-04-943033-5
2467:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2423:1-84447-073-3
2419:
2416:. Time-Life.
2415:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2243:
2236:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2196:, p. 27.
2195:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2039:, p. 29.
2038:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1978:
1977:Gerwarth 2011
1973:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1893:Gerwarth 2011
1889:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1797:Flaherty 2004
1793:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1773:Buchheim 1968
1769:
1762:
1761:Padfield 2001
1757:
1755:
1748:, p. 23.
1747:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1721:, p. 77.
1720:
1719:Williams 2001
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1701:
1696:
1690:, p. 61.
1689:
1688:Williams 2001
1684:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1654:, p. 49.
1653:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1618:, p. 32.
1617:
1612:
1606:, p. 16.
1605:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1553:, p. 26.
1552:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:Allgemeine SS
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:Allgemeine SS
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:Allgemeine SS
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1429:Allgemeine SS
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:Allgemeine SS
1408:
1406:
1405:Allgemeine SS
1402:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1205:Allgemeine SS
1202:
1197:
1196:Allgemeine SS
1193:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:Allgemeine SS
1149:
1147:
1144:, especially
1143:
1139:
1138:Allgemeine SS
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:Allgemeine SS
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:Allgemeine SS
1099:
1096:(WHVA) under
1095:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1011:Theodor Eicke
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:Allgemeine SS
990:
988:
987:the Holocaust
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:
951:units of the
950:
945:
943:
942:Allgemeine SS
939:
938:
933:
929:
928:
923:
919:
918:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
867:
865:
861:
860:Allgemeine SS
857:
856:Allgemeine SS
853:
852:Oberabschnitt
849:
848:Allgemeine SS
845:
841:
837:
836:
830:
827:
826:Allgemeine SS
817:
815:
814:Allgemeine SS
806:
802:
799:
796:
792:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
774:
771:
768:
764:
761:
758:
754:
751:
748:
747:
743:
740:
736:
733:
730:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
708:
705:
702:
699:(Main Office
698:
695:
694:
693:
690:
686:
685:Allgemeine SS
676:
674:
670:
666:
661:
660:Allgemeine SS
657:
656:Allgemeine SS
653:
652:Allgemeine SS
645:
643:
642:
637:
634:
633:
628:
627:
622:
619:
616:
615:
614:
612:
611:Allgemeine-SS
602:
600:
599:
594:
593:Allgemeine SS
590:
586:
585:Allgemeine SS
582:
577:
575:
571:
563:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
546:Allgemeine SS
544:
543:
542:
540:
539:
534:
533:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
474:
463:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
440:
439:Schutzstaffel
435:
431:
427:
426:Erhard Heiden
423:
420:members like
419:
418:
413:
409:
405:
396:
394:
393:Allgemeine SS
390:
386:
382:
381:Allgemeine SS
377:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
356:
351:
350:Allgemeine SS
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:
329:Schutzstaffel
324:
319:
318:
317:Allgemeine SS
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
285:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:
251:
249:
245:
241:
240:Schutzstaffel
237:
235:Parent agency
233:
226:
225:
218:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
169:
165:
161:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
125:
124:
123:Schutzstaffel
119:
116:
115:
110:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:
66:
61:
56:
50:
45:
41:
40:Allgemeine SS
36:
30:
19:
18:Allgemeine-SS
3866:Sudetenquell
3834:Ostindustrie
3672:Selbstschutz
3635:Byelorussian
3618:Paramilitary
3520:
3464: (RSHA)
3333:
3316:
3122:
3057:Nazi Germany
3019:
3001:
2982:
2963:
2944:
2922:
2903:
2900:Caplan, Jane
2877:
2856:
2835:
2816:
2794:
2775:
2750:
2729:
2707:
2692:. Retrieved
2685:the original
2666:
2646:
2627:
2608:
2589:
2586:Lower, Wendy
2567:
2548:
2526:
2512:
2494:
2479:
2459:
2435:
2413:
2393:
2372:
2356:. Retrieved
2347:
2341:
2320:
2308:Bibliography
2292:
2287:
2275:
2263:
2251:
2241:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2213:
2201:
2189:
2177:
2170:Century 2011
2165:
2157:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2121:Schwarz 1997
2116:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1726:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1404:
1398:
1388:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1299:Lower Class
1283:Social class
1274:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1235:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1189:
1179:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:anti-Semitic
1137:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1101:
1091:
1088:
1080:gas chambers
1053:
1048:
1045:
1038:arriving at
1024:
1018:
1014:
1006:
998:
996:
982:
974:
966:
952:
946:
941:
935:
925:
915:
913:
904:Adolf Hitler
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
840:SS-Abschnitt
839:
833:
831:
825:
823:
813:
810:
800:
790:
782:
772:
762:
752:
744:
734:
724:
716:
706:
703:; HaPerStab)
696:
684:
682:
659:
655:
651:
649:
639:
630:
624:
610:
608:
596:
592:
588:
584:
581:World War II
578:
567:
561:
557:
551:
545:
536:
530:
526:
522:
520:
505:
478:
471:
469:
448:
437:
434:Sturmstaffel
433:
429:
422:Emil Maurice
415:
411:
404:Adolf Hitler
402:
392:
388:
380:
378:
363:
353:
349:
345:
338:Nazi Germany
334:paramilitary
327:
316:
315:
313:
156:Headquarters
142:Jurisdiction
72:Reichsführer
29:
3871:Anton Loibl
3856:Apollinaris
3766:Germanic-SS
3761:Austrian SS
3380:SS commands
3153:Fulda-Werra
2694:6 September
2497:. Penguin.
2358:6 September
2340:"Review of
2206:Miller 2006
2182:Rempel 1989
1881:Yerger 1997
1869:Yerger 1997
1857:Yerger 1997
1833:Yerger 1997
1785:Snyder 1994
1393:to over 38
1225:SS-Hauptamt
1223:, then the
1176:Oberehnheim
1126:Germanic SS
1116:Other units
1098:Oswald Pohl
949:death squad
884:Arthur Nebe
707:SS-Hauptamt
669:Netherlands
665:Germanic-SS
574:homosexuals
399:Early years
385:Germanic-SS
346:SS-Hauptamt
192: /
160:SS-Hauptamt
87:, July 1938
85:Quedlinburg
3886:Categories
3645:Lithuanian
3533:Lebensborn
3421:Karl Hanke
3363:Leadership
3203:Österreich
3064:Commanders
2299:, p. 288.
2280:Stein 1984
2268:McNab 2009
2256:Stein 1984
2246:2020-01-11
2145:Lower 2013
2133:Lower 2013
2109:Lower 2013
2097:McNab 2013
2085:Stein 1984
2049:Weale 2012
2025:Evans 2008
2013:Evans 2008
2001:Evans 2008
1941:McNab 2009
1821:Höhne 2001
1809:Koehl 2004
1746:Stein 1984
1676:Evans 2003
1664:Weale 2010
1652:Weale 2012
1640:Weale 2010
1628:Weale 2010
1616:Weale 2012
1604:McNab 2009
1587:Weale 2010
1575:McNab 2009
1563:Weale 2010
1551:Weale 2010
1539:Stein 2002
1522:References
1432:Standarten
1421:Standarten
1207:rank of a
1106:war crimes
1034:Jews from
844:Standarten
741:; SS-WVHA)
570:alcoholics
501:Ernst Röhm
470:After the
455:Nazi Party
362:, and the
336:forces of
180:13°22′57″E
177:52°30′26″N
137:8 May 1945
81:Heinrich I
33:General SS
3684:Trawnikis
3650:Ukrainian
3516:Ahnenerbe
3345:Waffen-SS
3133:Alpenland
2815:(1994) .
2706:(2001) .
2225:3 January
1527:Citations
1487:fire team
1436:Sturmbann
1395:divisions
1391:regiments
1275:SS-Branch
1203:held the
1076:Treblinka
1025:Totenkopf
979:Waffen-SS
864:Wehrmacht
779:; SS PHA)
609:The term
538:Wehrmacht
417:Stoßtrupp
360:Waffen-SS
205:Employees
134:Dissolved
3655:Estonian
3327:Branches
3272:See also
3263:Westmark
3253:Weichsel
3188:Nordwest
2943:(2010).
2728:(1989).
2588:(2013).
2547:(2010).
2456:(1984).
2434:(2011).
2370:(2003).
1500:See also
1084:Zyklon B
769:; RuSHA)
713:; SS-HA)
525:and the
3861:Mattoni
3719:(SS-VT)
3640:Latvian
3394:Leaders
3341:(SS-TV)
3243:Ukraina
3238:Südwest
3198:Ostland
3183:Nordsee
3178:Nordost
3121:Units (
1475:Scharen
1467:Scharen
1459:Truppen
1376:Source:
1194:of the
1072:Sobibór
731:; RSHA)
673:Denmark
554:(SS-VT)
489:Prussia
485:Gestapo
453:of the
348:). The
258:Gestapo
146:Germany
3830:(DEST)
3248:Warthe
3233:Südost
3208:Ostsee
3008:
2989:
2970:
2951:
2929:
2910:
2884:
2865:
2842:
2823:
2801:
2782:
2759:
2736:
2714:
2677:
2653:
2634:
2615:
2596:
2574:
2555:
2533:
2518:
2501:
2486:
2468:
2442:
2420:
2401:
2380:
2327:
1449:, the
1440:Sturme
1246:Allies
1068:Bełżec
1042:, 1944
981:. The
908:Munich
689:salary
529:, the
481:Göring
451:Führer
278:(WHVA)
168:Berlin
97:Formed
3223:Spree
3213:Rhein
3168:Mitte
3143:Donau
2688:(PDF)
2671:(PDF)
1479:Rotte
1455:Sturm
1451:Sturm
1192:ranks
1186:Ranks
508:Kripo
332:(SS)
303:RKFDV
3694:Hiwi
3321:(SS)
3258:West
3173:Nord
3163:Main
3148:Elbe
3006:ISBN
2987:ISBN
2968:ISBN
2949:ISBN
2927:ISBN
2908:ISBN
2882:ISBN
2863:ISBN
2840:ISBN
2821:ISBN
2799:ISBN
2780:ISBN
2757:ISBN
2734:ISBN
2712:ISBN
2696:2016
2675:ISBN
2651:ISBN
2632:ISBN
2613:ISBN
2594:ISBN
2572:ISBN
2553:ISBN
2531:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2499:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2466:ISBN
2440:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2399:ISBN
2378:ISBN
2360:2016
2325:ISBN
2227:2009
1400:Heer
1336:31%
1322:43%
1308:27%
1190:The
1151:The
1108:and
947:The
894:and
671:and
635:(SD)
512:SiPo
424:and
372:and
314:The
268:and
254:RSHA
148:and
3228:Süd
3193:Ost
3055:of
1463:Zug
1333:36%
1330:33%
1319:42%
1316:41%
1305:22%
1302:26%
902:on
83:at
3888::
2350:.
2346:.
2295:.
1753:^
1738:^
1707:^
1594:^
1489:.
1442:.
1233:.
1112:.
1086:.
989:.
890:,
886:,
882:,
866:.
675:.
587:,
572:,
518:.
516:SD
503:.
444:SA
266:SD
264:,
260:,
166:,
162:,
55:SS
3309:e
3302:t
3295:v
3125:)
3045:e
3038:t
3031:v
3014:.
2995:.
2976:.
2957:.
2935:.
2916:.
2890:.
2871:.
2848:.
2829:.
2807:.
2788:.
2765:.
2742:.
2720:.
2698:.
2659:.
2640:.
2621:.
2602:.
2580:.
2561:.
2539:.
2507:.
2474:.
2448:.
2426:.
2407:.
2386:.
2362:.
2344:"
2333:.
2229:.
2172:.
1128:(
1005:(
910:.
803:(
797:)
793:(
775:(
765:(
755:(
737:(
727:(
709:(
548:,
387:(
344:(
320:(
305:)
301:(
272:)
256:(
57:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
