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715:. It is known he occasionally drew attention to himself by indulging in heavy drinking sessions and heated arguments with his Finnish wife Hannah. For six months Häyhänen checked the thumbtack and no one had made contact. He also checked a dead-drop location he had memorized. There he found a hollowed-out nickel. However, prior to opening the coin Häyhänen had misplaced it, either buying a newspaper with it or using it as a subway token. For the next seven months the hollow nickel travelled around the
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507:. They had one child together, a daughter named Evelyn who was born on 8 October 1929. During his interview with the OGPU, it was determined he should adopt a Russian-sounding name and William August Fisher became Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher. Following his recruitment, he worked for the OGPU as a radio operator in Norway, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and France. He returned to the Soviet Union in 1936, as head of a school that trained radio operators destined for duty in
621:(codenamed "MAKS" or "ARTUR"). Grigulevich gave Fisher a genuine birth certificate, a forged draft card and a forged tax certificate, all under the name of Emil Robert Goldfus, along with $ 1,000. After handing back Kayotis's passport and documents, Fisher assumed the name Goldfus. His codename was "MARK". The real Goldfus had died at only 14 months, having been born on August 2, 1902, in New York. Goldfus's birth certificate was obtained by the NKVD at the end of the
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idea that the name of the master spy was Rudolf Abel replaced the reality of Fisher. During his eight years as an illegal resident, Fisher was one of the most successful KGB agents in the United States. Even though he appears not to have recruited a single agent, he identified potential spies and managed and expanded the existing network so well that the head of the CIA, Allen Dulles, said that he wished that he had even
876:, and held there for six weeks. During this period Fisher stated that his "real" name was Rudolf Ivanovich Abel and that he was a Soviet citizen, although he refused to discuss his intelligence activities. The name "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" was that of a deceased friend and a KGB colonel; Fisher knew as soon as The Centre saw the name Abel on the front pages of American newspapers they would realize he had been captured.
432:. Though Fisher was not as hard-working as Henry, he showed aptitude for science, mathematics, languages, art and music, inherited in part from his father's abilities. Encouraging their son's love of music, Fisher's parents gave him piano lessons; he also learned to play the guitar. It was during this period that Fisher developed an interest in amateur radio, constructing rudimentary spark transmitters and receivers.
645:(codenamed "MLAD"), a physicist, was the most important agent in the network in 1945, passing atomic secrets from Los Alamos. The Volunteer network grew to include "Aden" and "Serb", nuclear physicists contacted by Hall, and "Silver". Fisher spent most of his first year organizing his network. While it is not known for certain where Fisher went or what he did, it is believed he travelled to
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returned to Moscow two years previously. The FBI then turned its attention to Svirin's replacement. Häyhänen was able only to provide Fisher's codename, "MARK", and a description. He was, however, able to tell the FBI about Fisher's studio and its location. Häyhänen was also able to solve the mystery of the "hollow nickel," which the FBI had been unable to decipher for four years.
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Häyhänen, Fisher's other identities could have been compromised as well. Fisher could not leave the country as Martin
Collins, Emil Goldfus, or even the long-forgotten Andrew Kayotis. The KGB Center, with the help of KGB's Ottawa resident, set about procuring two new passports for Fisher in the names of Robert Callan and Vasili Dzogol, but this process would take time. The
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1106:. The plaque, authored by Samara architect Dmitry Khramov, appeared on 8, Molodogvardeyskaya Street. It is believed that exactly here the family of the intelligence officer lived during the years of World War II. William Genrikhovich himself at that time taught radio business at a secret intelligence school, and later led
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of the "tail" but, as he had no passport to leave the country, he devised a plan to be used upon his capture. Fisher decided that he would not turn traitor as Häyhänen had done because he still trusted the KGB and he knew that if he cooperated with the FBI, he would not see his wife and daughter again.
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into the waiting arms of his father. A few days later Fisher, reunited with his wife Elena and daughter Evelyn, flew home. For the sake of its own reputation it suited the KGB to reveal "Abel's" nine years of being an undetected agent in the United States as a triumph by a dedicated NKVD member. The
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and rented a room in a boarding house on Hicks Street. He also rented a fifth-floor studio at the
Ovington Studios Building on Fulton Street. Since he was posing as an artist and photographer, nobody questioned his irregular working hours and frequent disappearances. Over time his artistic technique
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According to the lieutenant general of the
Foreign Intelligence V. G. Pavlov: “The very first chapter of the novel, called “The Shield and the Sword”, aroused categorical objections from me and R. I. Abel. The Soviet intelligence officer Alexander Belov appeared before readers as some sort of James
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On 15 June 1957, Häyhänen was shown a photograph of Fisher taken by the FBI with a hidden camera. Häyhänen confirmed that it was "MARK" in the photograph. Once the FBI had a positive identification, they stepped up surveillance, following Fisher from his studio to the Hotel Latham. Fisher was aware
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In July 1949, Fisher met with a "legal" KGB resident from the Soviet consulate general, who provided him with money. Shortly afterwards Fisher was ordered to reactivate the "Volunteer" network to smuggle atomic secrets to Russia. Members of the network had stopped cooperating after postwar security
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At 7:00 am on 21 June 1957, Fisher answered a knock on the door to his room, Room 839. Upon opening the door, he was confronted by FBI agents who addressed him as "colonel" and stated that they had "information concerning involvement in espionage." Fisher knew that the FBI's use of his rank could
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Upon his arrival in the United States, Häyhänen was interrogated by the FBI and proved very cooperative. He admitted his first Soviet contact in New York had been "MIKHAIL" and upon being shown a series of photographs of Soviet officials identified "MIKHAIL" as
Mikhail Svirin. Svirin, however, had
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Häyhänen, Fisher's former assistant, testified against him at the trial. The prosecution failed to find any other alleged members of Fisher's spy network, if there were any. The jury retired for three and a half hours and returned on the afternoon of
October 25, 1957, finding Fisher guilty on all
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In April 1957, Fisher told his artist friends he was going south on a seven-week holiday. Less than three weeks later, acting on Häyhänen's information, surveillance was established near Fisher's photo studio. On 28 May 1957, in a small park opposite Fulton Street, FBI agents spotted a man acting
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As Fisher was no longer considered an alleged illegal alien, but rather an alleged spy, he was flown from Texas to New York on 7 August 1957, to answer the indictment. Fisher was subsequently indicted to stand trial as a Soviet spy. The
Brooklyn Bar Association approached several prominent trial
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parents. He moved to Russia in the 1920s, and served in the Soviet military before undertaking foreign service as a radio operator in Soviet intelligence in the late 1920s and early 1930s. He later served in an instructional role before taking part in intelligence operations against the
Germans
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The KGB did not discover Häyhänen's defection until August, although it is more than likely they notified Fisher earlier when Häyhänen failed to arrive in Moscow. As a precaution, Fisher was ordered to leave the United States. Escape was complicated because, if "MARK" had been compromised by
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born and had become an
American citizen after migrating to the United States. Kayotis had applied for and received a visa to visit the Soviet Union. However, the Soviets retained his passport, which Fisher eventually used. Kayotis had been in poor health and died while visiting relatives in
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In 1955, Fisher, exhausted by the constant pressure, returned to Moscow for six months of rest and recuperation, leaving Häyhänen in charge. While in Moscow, Fisher informed his superiors of his dissatisfaction with Häyhänen. Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully
558:) in August 1944. Sudoplatov later described this operation as "the most successful radio deception game of the war". Fisher's role in this operation was rewarded with what his superiors regarded as one of the most prestigious postings in Soviet foreign intelligence, the United States.
796:. Fisher, unsuspecting, advised Häyhänen to leave the U.S. immediately to avoid FBI surveillance and handed him $ 200 for travel expenses. Prior to his departure, Häyhänen returned to Bear Mountain Park and retrieved the buried $ 5,000 for his own use. Häyhänen arrived in Paris on
904:(OSS) and had years of courtroom experience, the Bar Association believed Donovan was uniquely qualified to act as Fisher's defense lawyer. At Donovan's initial meeting with Fisher, the latter accepted Donovan as his defense counsel. Donovan subsequently brought in attorney
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and granting him leave in the Soviet Union. Upon hearing he was due to return to Moscow, Häyhänen was fearful that he would be severely disciplined or even executed. Häyhänen fabricated stories to justify his delay, claiming to Fisher that the FBI had taken him off the RMS
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nervously. From time to time the man got up, walked around, and eventually left. FBI agents were convinced he fit the description of "MARK". The surveillance continued on "MARK" and, on the night of 13 June, a light was seen to go on in Fisher's studio at 10:00 pm.
804:. Making contact with the KGB residency he received another $ 200 for his journey to Moscow. Four days later, instead of continuing his journey to the Soviet Union he entered the American embassy in Paris, announcing that he was a KGB officer and asking for asylum.
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was revealed. On 11 May, the CIA returned him to the United States and handed him over to the FBI. As a member of a Soviet spy ring operating on
American soil, Häyhänen came under the FBI's jurisdiction and they began verifying his story.
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constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. Fisher checked his drop points only to find messages several months old, while Häyhänen's radio transmissions had routinely been sent from the same location using incorrect
887:, a hollow shaving brush, and numerous "trick" containers including hollowed-out bolts. In Fisher's New York hotel room the FBI found $ 4,000, a hollow ebony block containing a 250-page Russian codebook, a hollow pencil containing
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messages on microfilm and a key to a safe-deposit box containing another $ 15,000 in cash. Also discovered were photographs of the Cohens and recognition phrases to establish contact between agents who had never met before.
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secretariat, to a dead-letter box for collection. However the report never arrived. Fisher was disturbed by Häyhänen's lack of work ethics and his obsession with alcohol. In the spring of 1955, Fisher and Häyhänen visited
410:, he was forced to flee to the United Kingdom in 1901, the alternative being deportation to Germany or imprisonment in Russia for avoidance of military service. While living in the United Kingdom, Fisher's father, a keen
700:. In 1948, the KGB had called Häyhänen to Moscow where they issued him a new assignment. In 1949, Häyhänen freely obtained Maki's birth certificate. He had then spent three years in Finland taking over Maki's identity.
811:(CIA) officials at the Paris embassy did not find Häyhänen's story credible. They were not convinced he might actually be a Russian spy until he produced a hollow Finnish 5-mark coin. Upon opening the coin a square of
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improved and he became a competent painter, though he disliked abstract painting, preferring more conventional styles. He mingled with New York artists, who were surprised by his admiration for the
Russian painter
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before moving on to Moscow. They were to resurface in the United Kingdom using the identities of Peter and Helen Kroger. Fisher was relieved when the Rosenbergs did not disclose any information about him to the
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economy, unopened. The trail of the hollow nickel ended when a thirteen-year-old newsboy was collecting for his weekly deliveries. The newsboy accidentally dropped the nickel and it broke in half, revealing a
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Bond modification, with adventurous antics and immoral acts. R. I. Abel resolutely expressed his firm reluctance to associate his name with such a hero "(V. G. Pavlov, Operation Snow, Moscow:
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under his real name, next to Konon Molody who had died the previous year. A few Western correspondents were invited there to view for themselves the true identity of the spy who never "broke".
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On 18 December 2015, on the eve of the Day of State Security Officers (a professional holiday), a grand opening ceremony of the memorial plaque to William Genrikhovich Fisher took place in
1047:. Although the name of the main character is Alexander Belov and is associated with Abel's name, the plot of the book is significantly different from the real fate of William August Fisher.
657:. Kitty Harris, a former pupil of Fisher's, had spent a year in Santa Fe during the war, where she passed secrets from physicists to couriers. During this period, Fisher received the
696:, under the alias Eugene Nikolai Maki. The real Maki had been born in the United States to a Finnish-American father and a New York mother in 1919. In 1927, the family migrated to
1020:, giving speeches and lecturing school children on intelligence work, but became increasingly disillusioned. He made a notable appearance in the foreword to the Soviet spy film
952:, whose wife had failed to receive the $ 5,000 embezzled by Häyhänen. The other prisoner was Kurt Ponger, an Austrian who had been sentenced for conspiracy to commit espionage.
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succeeded in obtaining a new passport for Fisher in the name of Robert Callan. Fisher, however, was arrested before he could adopt his new identity and leave the United States.
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By early 1957, Fisher had lost patience with Häyhänen and demanded that Moscow recall his deputy. In January 1957, Häyhänen received a message from Moscow promoting him to
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370:. Back in the Soviet Union, he lectured on his experiences. He died in 1971 at the age of 68. His real identity and country of birth were only revealed after his death.
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containing a series of numbers. The newsboy handed the nickel to a New York detective, who in turn forwarded it to the FBI, whose investigation became known as the
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have only come from Häyhänen. Fisher said nothing to the FBI and, after spending twenty-three minutes staring at Fisher, the FBI agents called in the waiting
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After rejoining the KGB in 1946, Fisher was trained as a spy for entry into the United States. In October 1948, using a Soviet passport, he travelled from
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After arriving in New York, Häyhänen spent the next two years establishing his identity. During that time he received money from his superiors left in
406:. In 1896, he was arrested for sedition and sentenced to three years internal exile. As Heinrich Fisher had served a sentence for offenses against the
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and also worked as a consultant on the film. Fisher, who was a heavy smoker, died of lung cancer on 15 November 1971. His ashes were interred at the
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New York Times: ABEL, SPY SUSPECT, ACCEPTS DONOVAN; Russian Has Long Talk With Former O.S.S. Counsel Who Will Defend Him Returned to Detention Cell
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Conspiracy to act in the United States as an agent of a foreign government without notification to the Secretary of State – 5 years imprisonment.
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For the first time Abel showed himself to the general public in 1968, when he addressed his compatriots with an introductory speech to the film
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During Fisher's detainment the FBI had been searching his hotel room and photo studio, where they discovered espionage equipment including
744:". The only visitors to Fisher's studio were artist friends with whom he felt safe from suspicion. In particular, he became a friend of
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689:. The thumbtack signaled to Fisher that Häyhänen, his new assistant, had arrived. Codenamed "VIK", Häyhänen arrived in New York on the
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Fisher served just over four years of his sentence. On 10 February 1962, he was exchanged for the shot-down American U-2 pilot
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681:(FBI), but the arrests heralded a bleak outlook for his new spy network. However, on 21 October 1952, as instructed by Moscow,
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radio battalion in 1925 and 1926. He then worked briefly in the radio research institute before being recruited by the
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586:. His new passport bore the name Andrew Kayotis, the first of Fisher's false identities. The real Andrew Kayotis was
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in 1920. Though Fisher qualified for university, the costs prohibited him from attending. In 1921, following the
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784:. The money Häyhänen received from the KGB to support the network was instead spent on alcohol and prostitutes.
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as a translator following his family's return to the Soviet Union. Trained as a radio operator, he served in a
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In 1954, Häyhänen began working as Fisher's assistant. He was to deliver a report from a Soviet agent at the
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for the sheer enjoyment of it. He became friends with two other convicted Soviet spies. One of these was
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to assist him; Fisher was tried in Federal Court at New York City during October 1957, on three counts:
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1996:"A memorial plaque to the legendary Soviet intelligence officer William Fisher was put up in Samara"
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967:, chairman of the KGB, talking to Soviet intelligence officers Rudolf Abel (second from left) and
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1948:"Mark Rylance wins Best Supporting Actor in the most high profile British win of Oscars 2016"
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641:(codenamed "LUIS" and "VOLUNTEER") had run the Volunteer network and were seasoned couriers.
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2082:. Introduction by Burt Silverman. Hodder and Stoughton. London, Sydney, Auckland, Toronto.
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intelligence officer. He adopted his alias when arrested on charges of conspiracy by the
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Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016–A) at
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Conspiracy to transmit defense information to the Soviet Union – 30 years imprisonment;
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lawyers with political ambitions, all of whom declined the case. They then contacted
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The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB
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Washington Times: "U.S. intel braces for Kremlin blowback as result of spy case"
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When Häyhänen announced himself at the embassy on 4 May, he appeared drunk. The
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descent. Fisher's father, a revolutionary activist, taught and agitated with
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imposed on Fisher a total sentence of thirty years and fines of $ 3,000. In
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In 1990 the USSR released a stamp depicting Rudolf Abel as part of series:
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Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp
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2173:; Sudoplatov, Anatoli; Schecter, Jerrold L. and Schecter, Leona. (1994).
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Universal News reporting Capture Of Soviet Spy Col. Rudolph Abel (1957)
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officers who arrested Fisher and detained him under section 242 of the
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Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness, a Soviet Spymaster
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Conspiracy to obtain defense information – 10 years imprisonment; and
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The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors
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In 1950, Fisher's illegal residency was endangered by the arrest of
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Agentura.ru. The Secret Services Watchdog. Retrieved: May 13, 2014.
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Fisher was then flown to the Federal Alien Detention Facility in
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as a Soviet spy for his involvement in what became known as the
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1162:". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved: January 4, 2012.
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2067:. St. Ermin's Press in association with Little Brown. London.
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Fisher was born William August Fisher on 11 July 1903, in the
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during World War II. After the war, he began working for the
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In 2008, Yuri Linkevich shot the documentary "Unknown Abel".
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2097:. Bethlehem: Lehigh University Press. United States.
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Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
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NEGOTIATOR: The Life And Career of James B. Donovan
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617:On 26 November, Fisher met with Soviet "illegal"
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2250:FBI: Rudolph Ivanovich Abel (Hollow Nickel Case)
1160:FBI: Rudolph Ivanovich Abel (Hollow Nickel Case)
595:. Fisher, as Kayotis, then travelled aboard the
3139:People convicted of spying for the Soviet Union
2128:Strangers On A Bridge: The Case of Colonel Abel
2108:Damaskin, Igor with Elliott, Geoffrey. (2001).
1974:"BAFTA Film Award Nominations and Winners 2016"
1587:". New York Times. Retrieved: February 2, 2013.
1097:BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
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883:, cipher pads, cameras and film for producing
2302:
2194:A True Story of the Cold War: Bridge of Spies
1945:
685:left a thumbtack on a signpost in New York's
553:
547:
526:. However, in 1938 he was dismissed from the
2316:
2144:. Thunder Bay Press. San Diego, California.
610:. Still using Kayotis' passport, he went to
606:, France, to North America, disembarking at
3204:Deaths from lung cancer in the Soviet Union
2159:. Regnery Publishing Ltd. Washington, D.C.
1110:against German intelligence from Kuibyshev.
1056:(as an official consultant to the picture).
1012:agent as good as Abel operating within the
354:and sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment at
2309:
2295:
2110:Kitty Harris: The Spy With Seventeen Names
665:normally reserved for military personnel.
49:
3189:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
955:
923:three counts. On 15 November 1957, Judge
303:(11 July 1903 – 15 November 1971), was a
2065:Like Father Like Son: A Dynasty of Spies
1794:"Thomas Debevoise, Prosecutor, 65, Dies"
1403:Sudoplatov/Schecter (1994–1995), p. 168.
959:
835:
536:the clandestine work behind German lines
404:Saint Petersburg Technological Institute
3199:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
2258:New York Times: The Spy of Cadman Plaza
1585:New York Times: The Spy of Cadman Plaza
1093:Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1091:. For his performance, Rylance won the
534:, he again trained radio operators for
27:Soviet intelligence officer (1903–1971)
14:
3179:Soviet spies against the United States
3111:
1154:
1152:
1150:
971:(second from right) in September 1964
859:Immigration and Naturalization Service
538:. Having been adopted as a protégé by
3134:British emigrants to the Soviet Union
2290:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1068:The US Government against Rudolf Abel
800:, having sailed from the U.S. aboard
637:(codenamed "LESLE") and her husband
2022:"Portrait of R.I. Abel (1903-1971)"
1577:
1108:counterintelligence radio operation
24:
2142:Spies & Espionage: A Directory
1946:Catherine Gee (29 February 2016).
1127:
995:". At precisely the same time, at
447:, and attended evening classes at
25:
3220:
3149:English people of Russian descent
2209:
2177:. Little Brown. Toronto, Canada.
2130:. Atheneum House, Inc. New York.
1950:. Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from
979:. The exchange took place on the
342:In 1957, Fisher was convicted in
3184:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
3144:English people of German descent
2216:
1800:. New York, NY. 9 February 1995.
197:
3174:Soviet people imprisoned abroad
3129:People from Newcastle upon Tyne
2245:. Retrieved: December 29, 2010.
2039:
2014:
1988:
1966:
1939:
1925:
1897:
1878:"Russia: Advice to Young Spies"
1870:
1786:
1762:Romerstein (2001), pp. 209–210.
863:Immigration and Nationality Act
679:Federal Bureau of Investigation
466:
314:Fisher was born and grew up in
157:
2261:. Retrieved: February 2, 2013.
1087:, Fisher/Abel is portrayed by
731:Late in 1953, Fisher moved to
561:
522:, Fisher narrowly escaped the
394:origins and his mother was of
13:
1:
2277:Bridge of Spies Movie Trailer
2155:Romerstein, Herbert. (2001).
2112:. St. Ermin's Press. London.
1121:
1043:to write the adventure novel
944:, playing chess, and writing
373:
3209:Burials at Donskoye Cemetery
3053:Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov
2197:. Broadway Books. New York.
938:Atlanta Federal Penitentiary
902:Office of Strategic Services
435:Fisher became an apprentice
356:Atlanta Federal Penitentiary
7:
2280:Retrieved: October 9, 2015.
1976:. BBC One. 10 February 2016
1556:Whittell (2010), pp. 21–22.
1529:Whittell (2010), pp. 20–21.
1475:Andrew (1999), pp. 147–148.
1385:Andrew (1999), pp. 146–147.
809:Central Intelligence Agency
554:
451:before being accepted into
10:
3225:
3169:Soviet Cold War spymasters
2479:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
2272:Retrieved: March 20, 2013.
2253:Retrieved: August 8, 2016.
2140:Hearn, Chester G. (2006).
2093:Bigger, Philip J. (2006).
2078:Bernikow, Louise. (1970).
1783:Donovan (1964), pp. 22–26.
840:Rudolf Ivanovich Abel FBI
831:
670:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
224:Andrew Yurgesovich Kayotis
31:
18:Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher
3028:Alexander Gregory Barmine
3018:
2979:
2930:
2833:
2795:
2757:
2747:
2700:
2557:
2331:
2322:
2052:. Basic Books. New York.
1310:Arthey (2004), pp. 75–76.
1033:
548:
296:
282:
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
210:
192:
185:
175:
167:
147:Elena Stepanovna Lebedeva
141:
131:
121:
93:
60:
48:
41:
2587:Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh
2317:Soviet and Russian spies
1922:Whittell (2010), p. 259.
1909:August 11, 2011, at the
1867:Whittell (2010), p. 258.
1855:Whittell (2010), p. 251.
1837:Bernikow (1970), p. 255.
1828:Bernikow (1970), p. 253.
1810:Whittell (2010), p. 107.
1735:Bernikow (1970), p. 111.
1394:Damaskin (2001), p. 140.
1319:Damaskin (2001), p. 137.
1197:Whittell (2010), p. 109.
826:Canadian Communist Party
491:, Fisher worked for the
32:Not to be confused with
2270:(subscription required)
1774:Whittell (2010), p. 97.
1744:Whittell (2010), p. 96.
1717:Whittell (2010), p. 95.
1708:Whittell (2010), p. 92.
1699:Whittell (2010), p. 94.
1687:Whittell (2010), p. 89.
1669:Whittell (2010), p. 88.
1660:Whittell (2010), p. 81.
1651:Whittell (2010), p. 80.
1596:Whittell (2010), p. 25.
1565:Bernikow (1970), p. 21.
1520:Bernikow (1970), p. 52.
1502:Whittell (2010), p. 19.
1484:Whittell (2010), p. 16.
1466:Whittell (2010), p. 18.
1454:Whittell (2010), p. 17.
1412:Whittell (2010), p. 13.
1283:Whittell (2010), p. 10.
1018:First Chief Directorate
659:Order of the Red Banner
426:Whitley Bay High School
390:era, his father was of
180:Order of the Red Banner
2903:John Alexander Symonds
2728:Harold James Nicholson
2582:Christopher John Boyce
1894:Andrew (1999), p. 175.
1846:Andrew (1999), p. 174.
1753:Arthey (2004). p. 205.
1678:Andrew (1999), p. 280.
1639:Andrew (1999), p. 172.
1621:Arthey (2004), p. 201.
1547:Andrew (1999), p. 171.
1511:Arthey (2004), p. 187.
1493:Andrew (1699), p. 148.
1445:Andrew (1999), p. 147.
1421:Arthey (2004), p. 163.
1271:Andrew (1999), p. 146.
1227:Whittell (2010), p. 9.
1174:Arthey (2004), p. xvi.
972:
956:Release and later life
845:
661:, an important Soviet
430:Monkseaton High School
408:Russian Imperial Crown
297:Рудольф Иванович Абель
2966:Stephen Joseph Ratkai
2063:Arthey, Vin. (2004).
1904:Propaganda, KGB style
1819:Bigger (2006), p. 85.
1376:Arthey (2004), p. 84.
1367:Arthey (2004), p. 81.
1358:Arthey (2004), p. 76.
1340:Arthey (2004), p. 63.
1331:Arthey (2004), p. 62.
1301:Arthey (2004), p. 50.
1292:Arthey (2004), p. 49.
1248:Arthey (2004), p. 10.
1239:Arthey (2004), p. 11.
1211:Arthey (2004), p. 73.
1183:Arthey (2004), p. 77.
1115:"Intelligence Agents"
963:
930:Abel v. United States
839:
320:North East of England
301:William August Fisher
289:Rudolf Ivanovich Abel
65:William August Fisher
2504:Nadezhda Ulanovskaya
1612:Hearn (2006), p. 15.
1574:Hearn (2006), p. 13.
1349:Hearn (2006), p. 10.
1257:Arthey (2004), p. 8.
1003:was released by the
965:Vladimir Semichastny
568:Leningradsky Station
505:Moscow Conservatoire
2687:John Anthony Walker
2637:Clayton J. Lonetree
2577:David Sheldon Boone
2499:Alexander Ulanovsky
2464:William Ward Pigman
2046:Andrew, Christopher
1954:on 29 February 2016
1884:. 29 November 1968.
1726:West (1990), p. 91.
977:Francis Gary Powers
906:Thomas M. Debevoise
643:Theodore "Ted" Hall
555:Operatsiya Berezino
544:Operation Scherhorn
384:Newcastle upon Tyne
368:Francis Gary Powers
346:on three counts of
316:Newcastle upon Tyne
232:Emil Robert Goldfus
83:Newcastle upon Tyne
3058:Fyodor Raskolnikov
2893:Michael John Smith
2627:Andrew Daulton Lee
2617:Robert Lee Johnson
2529:Harry Dexter White
2364:Whittaker Chambers
1064:Channel One Russia
1039:His fate inspired
997:Checkpoint Charlie
973:
946:logarithmic tables
846:
789:Lieutenant Colonel
770:Bear Mountain Park
726:Hollow Nickel Case
593:Vilnius, Lithuania
542:, he took part in
509:illegal residences
457:Russian Revolution
449:Rutherford College
352:Hollow Nickel Case
187:Espionage activity
3106:
3105:
2926:
2925:
2797:Portland spy ring
2743:
2742:
2612:Edward Lee Howard
2349:Elizabeth Bentley
2203:978-0-7679-3107-6
2171:Sudoplatov, Pavel
2165:978-0-89526-225-7
2150:978-1-59223-508-7
2124:Donovan, James B.
2103:978-0-934-22385-0
1041:Vadim Kozhevnikov
1028:Donskoye Cemetery
1005:East German Stasi
925:Mortimer W. Byers
782:radio frequencies
758:Pacific Northwest
752:accountant and a
742:socialist realism
705:dead-letter boxes
655:Manhattan Project
629:was tightened at
623:Spanish Civil War
619:Iosif Grigulevich
549:Операция Березино
453:London University
286:
285:
126:Donskoye Cemetery
16:(Redirected from
3216:
3098:Stig Wennerström
3043:Walter Krivitsky
2908:Edith Tudor-Hart
2838:Michael Bettaney
2755:
2754:
2734:Illegals Program
2682:George Trofimoff
2652:Earl Edwin Pitts
2429:William Malisoff
2404:David Greenglass
2332:1940s and before
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2236:Internet Archive
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2224:Biography portal
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2018:
2012:
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2002:on 5 August 2016
1998:. Archived from
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1045:Shield and Sword
981:Glienicke Bridge
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881:shortwave radios
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557:
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3159:KGB officers
3154:GRU officers
3093:Arne Treholt
3068:Ignace Reiss
3010:Ryūzō Sejima
3000:Sanzō Nosaka
2956:Elena Miller
2913:John Vassall
2888:Goronwy Rees
2843:George Blake
2825:Konon Molody
2810:Morris Cohen
2732:
2713:Anna Chapman
2632:Robert Lipka
2622:Karl Koecher
2572:Aldrich Ames
2566:
2534:Maria Wicher
2474:Vincent Reno
2469:Lee Pressman
2454:Victor Perlo
2449:William Perl
2439:Boris Morros
2434:Hede Massing
2424:George Koval
2374:Morris Cohen
2354:Earl Browder
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2040:Bibliography
2026:. Retrieved
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
2000:the original
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1952:the original
1941:
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983:that linked
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687:Central Park
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639:Morris Cohen
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532:World War II
517:
513:Kitty Harris
470:
467:Early career
434:
423:
377:
341:
313:
300:
288:
287:
265:World War II
240:Mark Collins
205:Soviet Union
186:
122:Burial place
114:Soviet Union
109:Russian SFSR
99:(1971-11-15)
75:11 July 1903
29:
3124:1971 deaths
3119:1903 births
3078:Herman Simm
3063:Alfred Redl
3019:Elsewhere /
2918:Arthur Wynn
2858:Klaus Fuchs
2848:David Crook
2772:Guy Burgess
2701:Post-Soviet
2592:Jack Dunlap
2567:Rudolf Abel
2539:Nathan Witt
2514:Harold Ware
2489:Saville Sax
2419:Donald Hiss
2389:Klaus Fuchs
2359:Boris Bukov
1023:Dead Season
985:West Berlin
580:Switzerland
562:KGB service
524:Great Purge
441:Swan Hunter
437:draughtsman
326:to Russian
278:(1948–1957)
268:(1944–1945)
132:Nationality
43:Rudolf Abel
3113:Categories
2805:Lona Cohen
2787:Kim Philby
2662:Myra Soble
2657:Jack Soble
2399:Harry Gold
2384:Noel Field
2369:Lona Cohen
2191:. (2010).
2048:. (1999).
1122:References
1070:(starring
802:La Liberté
794:Queen Mary
754:lumberjack
693:Queen Mary
663:decoration
651:New Mexico
635:Lona Cohen
631:Los Alamos
588:Lithuanian
520:Trotskyist
471:Fluent in
374:Early life
348:conspiracy
261:Operations
193:Allegiance
71:1903-07-11
2971:Fred Rose
2878:John Peet
2815:Ethel Gee
2459:J. Peters
2344:Joel Barr
2324:In the US
2028:2 January
2006:2 January
889:encrypted
885:microdots
813:microfilm
713:Manhattan
709:the Bronx
597:RMS
493:Comintern
412:Bolshevik
311:in 1957.
2941:Sam Carr
2559:Cold War
2339:John Abt
2136:64-14248
2126:(1964).
1907:Archived
1095:and the
733:Brooklyn
647:Santa Fe
612:Montreal
604:Le Havre
497:Red Army
445:Wallsend
382:area of
274:Cold War
253:Codename
245:Codename
237:Codename
229:Codename
221:Codename
168:Children
2748:In the
989:Potsdam
870:McAllen
844:in 1957
842:mugshot
832:Capture
798:May Day
756:in the
698:Estonia
599:Scythia
489:Yiddish
477:Russian
473:English
396:Russian
388:Tsarist
380:Benwell
360:Georgia
322:in the
318:in the
293:Russian
215:Colonel
162:
154:
150:
135:British
79:Benwell
2933:Canada
2201:
2181:
2163:
2148:
2134:
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2101:
2086:
2071:
2056:
1980:17 May
1958:17 May
1104:Samara
1034:Legacy
750:Boston
674:Mexico
608:Quebec
572:Warsaw
485:Polish
481:German
461:Moscow
416:Baltic
392:German
366:pilot
328:émigré
305:Soviet
271:Soviet
202:
176:Awards
142:Spouse
137:Soviet
105:Moscow
2982:Japan
987:with
874:Texas
602:from
584:Paris
419:coast
156:(
152:
2199:ISBN
2179:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2146:ISBN
2132:LCCN
2114:ISBN
2099:ISBN
2084:ISBN
2080:Abel
2069:ISBN
2054:ISBN
2030:2020
2008:2020
1982:2016
1960:2016
1934:Geya
1882:Time
1014:USSR
711:and
691:RMS
578:and
528:NKVD
501:OGPU
487:and
428:and
256:ALEC
248:MARK
211:Rank
94:Died
61:Born
2980:In
2931:In
1077:In
1010:one
707:in
582:to
570:to
439:at
402:at
364:U-2
358:in
333:KGB
309:FBI
276:spy
3115::
2750:UK
1880:.
1860:^
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2010:.
1984:.
1962:.
1583:"
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546:(
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69:(
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