691:"The Swedish author is, unlike Kidd, not a Social Darwinist and far more pessimistic about the European future than the Irishman. A common feature is, however, that both of them view religion and ethics as most important for the survival of a "race". "Evolution is rightly said to be one of the most typical theme in 19th century Europe, but parallel to this optimism in the second half of the century there was a widespread, nearly apocalyptic, anxiety for the degeneration of the population caused by exceptional fast development. Rydberg shared this anxiety: he was very critical to industrialism and unhealthy milieu of the big European metropolises, ...in combination with low nativity this was a dangerous threat to Europe, especially compared to the steadily growing, physically as well as morally sound population in China and the Far East. ...This lack of morals will in the long run ruin the ecological system as well as the poor people on our continent."
463:. "At a conference of the Swedish church in 1865, Mr. Rydberg ...and he pleaded his cause with so much eloquence as to make a favorable impression upon his most eminent official opponents. The agitation which he called forth made his name known throughout Sweden, and in 1870 he was elected a member of parliament, where he boldly advocated democratic principles." The long-term effects of the book would be the weakening of the authority of the Church over the educated classes of Scandinavia. August Strindberg "acknowledged the liberating influence of Rydberg's Bibelns lära om Kristus (The Bible's Doctrine Concerning Christ, 1862) on his generation (like David Friedrich Strauss and Ernst Renan)." He taught freedom of individual conscience. It was this that inspired him in the fight against the state church. Predictably, this book attracted the ire of the orthodox religious establishment and is generally credited for Rydberg's exclusion from the
393:
421:(1858), a "romantic story out of the Middle Ages, permeated with a poetic nature-mysticism, about the tragic love between a knight and a gypsy girl." Rydberg rewrote the book throughout his life. The fourth and final edition of 1894, concludes with Erland dying as a hermit monk. The story has been made into a film twice, and today, a popular brand of cookie takes its name from the book's main character: Singoalla. A review of the first English translation of the work in the Saga-Book of the Viking Club, Vol. 4, Part 1, 1904–5, noting that the book "has already been translated into most of the languages of continental Europe", remarks that "Singoalla is a novel occupying a pre-eminent place among Rydberg's prose writings."
760:"the book was reviewed by several German scholars, who all took up a more or less disparaging attitude towards Rydberg's methods of investigation and his results. Although they speak with high praise of the author's learning, his thorough insight, his ability to occasionally throw light upon intricate problems by means of ingenious suggestions, they criticize severely his hazardous etymologies, his identification of different mythical figures without sufficient grounds, his mixing up of heroic saga and myth, and, above all, his bent for remodeling myths in order to make them fit into a system which (they say) never existed."
727:
of Thor and Indra were carried to extremes, therefore receiving "less recognition than they deserved," while another says "Rydberg correctly establishes, like many before and after him, the similarities with the myth of Thor and the
Midgard serpent" with that of Indra and the dragon Vrtra. Others contest individual points of the work. While some scholars have praised Rydberg's method, still others have commented on what they see as fundamental flaws in his methodology, objecting to any systematization of the mythology including the one imposed by Snorri Sturlusson, believing it artificial. However,
764:"Rydberg's work was, then, stamped as a failure, and this verdict from certain points of view cannot be considered unjust, seems to have caused the book to fall into oblivion, a fate which surely it has not deserved." Among contemporary Swedish reviewers, Hildebrand and Bååth were appreciative, the latter unreservedly praising the work. In 1892, Irish scholar Stopford A. Brooke remarked: "When we have made every allowance for a certain fancifulness, and for the bias which a well-loved theory creates, this book is a real contribution to Northern mythology." While, in 1942, Fredrik Gadde concluded:
708:
1105:"Victor Rydberg suggested that Siritha is Freyja herself and that Ottar is identical with same as Svipdagr, who appears as Menglöd's beloved in Fjölsvinnsmál. Rydberg's intentions in his investigations of Germanic mythology were to co-ordinate the myths and mythical fragments into coherent short stories. Not for a moment did he hesitate to make subjective interpretations of the episodes, based more on his imagination and poetical skills than on facts. His explication of the Siritha-episode is an example of his approach, and yet he probably was right when he identified Siritha with Freyja."
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482:
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recognized, alongside an acknowledgement that he sometimes "stumbles badly" in his effort to "reduce chaos to order." In 1976, German-language scholar Peter-Hans
Naumann published the first evaluation of the full range of Viktor Rydberg's mythological writings. In 2004, Swedish Doktorand (PhD student) Anna Lindén reviewed the full two-volume work on mythology, concluding in part that it was not more widely received because it was not fully available in one of the three international languages of scholarship: English, German or French.
253:. Having been a supporter of the Jewish cause since his youth, it was MP Viktor Rydberg who gave the keynote speech in the parliamentary debate to enact a law granting all non-Lutherans full civil rights. He worked diligently for working-class people and in 1906 his works on the labor question in both prose and poetry were regarded as part of the "treasury of this class." He also advocated language reform, purging foreign words from the Swedish language, particularly those of German origin. Around this time, he advocated a more
1995:
653:"At a time, when one was firmly convinced that the Old Norse myths were a late product, Rydberg's voice resounds. At that time, he swam against the stream, but he clearly expressed that which has become an ever stronger certainty today: a large part of the myths of the Germanic tradition —and that is to say basically the Old Norse tradition—must be set back in a time when the undivided Proto-Indo-European people themselves created the vessel of their worldview in myths."
40:
752:"The comparative school has, even at the present time, some firm adherents. Among these may be reckoned the Swede, V. Rydberg, who shows great learning in the combination of various aspects of mythical narratives and according to whom even the cosmogonic myths are to be classed among the original possessions of the primitive Indo-European period. Such attempts, however, —of which this single example will suffice—lie outside of the current of modern development."
478:) 1865 is an exposition of the magical practices and beliefs of the Medieval period. According to Rydberg, the contemporary Church was still driven by the ideology of the Dark Ages, and its dualistic notions of good and evil, represented by God and the Devil, Heaven and Hell, contributed towards the horror of the witch-hunts in Europe and America in the recent past. From this point forward, Rydberg was economically successful as a writer.
2014:
687:. Noting that "Rydberg's conception of race is not equivalent with the modern term; the meaning he gives the word is in fact more cultural than biological, ...he includes Jews, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists living in Asia, America and to some extent Africa in this expression." Swedish scholar Anna Lindén says "what he actually criticizes is a phenomenon within Europe, not on other continents", continuing,
703:"Rydberg's belief in a swift, negative transformation ... is not initially eugenic or biological; instead he advocates moral rearmament." "Rydberg envisioned European culture being overthrown by the Chinese. He predicted that the downfall would come in the very near future and would come about because of moral degeneration, demographic conditions, and the ensuing defects in the population."
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treads so easily and confidently, and sometimes he stumbles badly. But he has placed the whole subject on a fresh footing, and much that is to follow will be drawn from his "Teutonic
Mythology", adding "The skeleton-key of identification, used even as ably as Dr. Rydberg uses it, will not pick every mythologic lock, though it undoubtedly has opened many hitherto closed."
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them rank among the best poetry in
Swedish literature." Charles Wharton Stork remarks: "In the originality and forcefulness of his imagery Rydberg marks an important advance in Swedish poetry;" "there is a manliness in Rydberg's voice which makes the notes carry. His ideas are not the shadows of others, they are his by strong conviction."
384:"reflected homosexual desires and impulses in Rydberg himself", and that the protagonist's slaying of his unacknowledged son Sorgborn was a "masked representation of homosexual intercourse." Bäckmann (2004) disputed this theory noting that there is "no textual evidence" to support this "empathetic reading" of Rydberg's biography.
556:. "Rydberg had already begun, in the guise of fiction, to devote himself to cultural history, and this now continued in the form of a series of scientific investigations. These dealt first and foremost with religion and mythology." He published several works in the field including two articles on the origins of the
641:). In a letter to Rydberg, after receiving the first volume of his mythological research, Bugge stated: "As I have read my heart has warmed more and more. ...Forgive these words from a man who before such a magnificent and in many respects remarkable work is well aware that he is nothing but a philologist."
1085:
Marlene
Ciklamini observed in 1962, "Since Suttungr is unanimously declared to be the possessor of the poetic mead, it is difficult to agree with Rydberg that Hávamál 140 represents Bölþorn's son as the owner. His hypothesis is based on a misinterpretation of the stanza, since Háv. 140 represents the
519:
1877), a series of essays on
Italian culture, history and archaeology; The journey is said to have strengthened Rydberg's creative power, as he now produced some of "the finest philosophical lyrics in Swedish literature". "His poems are not numerous, but their masterly form and wealth of thought give
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published an obituary titled: "Death of Prof. A.V. Rydberg, Career and
Remarkable works of one of Sweden's Leading Men." A national day of mourning ensued all over Sweden. Today, his grave is a national monument. Many of his works have been translated and remain in print. His works are widely read in
216:
Viktor
Rydberg was of humble parentage. One biographer notes that: "He had a hard struggle to satisfy the thirst for learning which was a leading passion of his life, but he finally attained distinction in several fields of scholarship." He was the son of a soldier turned prison guard, Johan Rydberg,
1073:
The resemblance between Loki and
Prometheus, which indeed cannot be denied, was mostly considered to be a proof of his character as a fire-god, even going back to the Aryan period. The sagacious Swedish scholar V. Rydberg argued in the same way, considering him only more particularly to be connected
726:
There is no shortage of scholarly opinion and no consensus on Viktor
Rydberg's works on Indo-European and Germanic mythology. Some scholars feel that his work is ingenious, while others feel the work is too speculative. One scholar expressed the opinion that "Rydberg's views" concerning resemblances
747:
At the time of its publication, the German school of Nature mythology dominated the field, and contemporary scholars took a dim view of comparative mythology, which would come to flourish in the 20th century. Commenting on Rydberg's mythological work in 1902, Dutch Professor, P.D. Chantepie de la
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Svanberg (1928) and Stolpe (1978) suggested that Rydberg had a homosexual orientation, based on their interpretations of Rydberg's published works. Moffett (2001) endorsed Stolpe's theory, speculating that Rydberg's sexual orientation was the result of the early loss of his mother, concluding that
1123:
No one has commented upon Saxo's mythology with such brilliancy, such minute consideration, and such success as the Swedish scholar, Victor Rydberg. More than occasionally he is over-ingenious and over-anxious to reduce chaos to order; sometimes he almost loses his faithful reader in the maze he
743:
While Rydberg's ingenuity has been recognized by some, his work has most often been criticized for being too subjective. Yet, within his work, many find points on which they can agree. In the first comprehensive review of the work in English, Rydberg's "brilliancy" and "great success" were
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Henrik Schück wrote at the turn of the 20th century that he considered Rydberg the "last —and poetically most gifted —of the mythological school founded by Jacob Grimm and represented by such men as Adalbert Kuhn" which is "strongly synthetic" in its understanding of myth. Of this work,
244:
Throughout his adult life, Rydberg was active in politics. In 1859, he wrote a pamphlet on national defense, which inspired the "Sharpshooter's movement", a voluntary militia of some political importance during the 1860s. In 1870, he took a controversial pro-German stance during the
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We can construct a story of backdoor illicit liaisons and front door respectability from these fragments and others— Rydberg would hardly be the first, if it were true— but he never spoke openly about his private life at any time, and our best guess would still be guesswork.
800:. Marvin Taylor cites Rydberg's definition of the phrase, "dómr um dauðan hvern," as predating that of a more contemporary writer cited by the author in his review of Julia Zernack's Geschichten aus Thule, 1994, published in the Saga-Book of the Viking Society.
359:. A group of three charter high schools (Gymnasium) and one middle school in Stockholm, as well as a street in Göteborg, a student dormitory, and other buildings carry his name. He is still listed in many English language encyclopedias as an individual entry.
735:
have recently supported a chronological systemization of the most important mythic episodes as inherent in the oral tradition underlying Eddic poetry. Rydberg believed that most of the Germanic myths were part of a chronological epic, an approach that
1053:"The racial focus originated in the nineteenth-century tradition with anthropologists such as Anders Retzius promoting superior Nordic virtues, while Victor Rydberg wrote about the potential downfall of the white race and the threat of the Chinese."
1095:
Mary E. Litchfield wrote: "Rydberg's researches have made it possible, for the first time, for one to form a definite conception of the cosmology of the mythology, and also because it clears away many inconsistencies that have long clung to
241:, a newspaper in Gothenburg, where he remained employed for more than 20 years. It was during this time that his first novels saw print. He soon became a central figure of late Romanticism in Sweden, and Sweden's most famous living author.
432:). This, his best-known novel, offers a contrast between "Rydberg's admiration for classical antiquity and his critical attitude to dogmatic Christianity." This struggle is set in Athens, in the time of the last pagan emperor,
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Even Sophus Bugge acknowledged that Rydberg won the argument, ushering in the modern age of Eddic scholarship by firmly vanquishing the nature-school of mythology. The result of his own investigations in prose was titled
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During the 1880s, Rydberg also published two studies of runic inscriptions. His acceptance speech into the Swedish Academy, titled "Om Hjeltesagan å Rökstenen" (translated as "Concerning the Heroic-Saga on the
228:, contributing towards his loss of employment and the family's apartment, forcing authorities to board young Viktor out to a series of foster homes, one of which burnt down, further traumatizing the youth.
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boast of a god who deprived his enemies of the exclusive right to magic and the ownership of the mead.... Rydberg's suggestion that Mímir is Bölþorn's son is not substantiated by any source."
545:, the novel depicts the struggle between Lutheran Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. In it, Rydberg "still fought fanaticism and dogmatism, and his ideal was still humanity and liberty."
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from 1851 to 1852. Due to financial reasons, his university studies ended after one year, without a degree. Afterward, he took a job as a private tutor. In 1855, he was offered work at the
2073:
1700:"Viktor Rydberg and the comparative study of the history of Indo-European religion", by Anna Lindén, Doktorand, Lund University; Himlens blå, Örjan Lindberger, Veritas 5 (1991)
1418:
Frederik Winkel Horn, PhD., History of the Literature of the Scandinavian North from the Most Ancient Times to the Present. Chicago, South Carolina Griggs and Co., 1895.
768:"Even though the views set forth by Rydberg never stood a chance of being accepted, there are points in his exposition that deserve being once more brought to light."
2143:
1296:, 31 (2000–2002), p. 45. On the J. A. Berg professorship and its holders, see "Professorer i konsthistoria", in Britt-Inger Johansson & Hans Pettersson (eds.),
604:'s twenty-three!) of marvellously intelligent, masterly criticism of the errors, imprecise thinking and failure of scholarly imagination that underlay Bang's claim."
300:. They never spoke to one another again. His apprehension of unregulated capitalism at the dawn of the industrial age is most fully expressed in his acclaimed poem
2158:
1874:
1160:
231:
Despite his economic status, Rydberg was recognized for his talents. From 1838 to 1847, Rydberg attended grammar school, and studied law at the university in
2198:
1780:, 1969. Clive Tolley, "The Mill in Norse and Finnish Mythology." 1995 Saga-Book 24:63–82, p.73. German Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda, Bd. 3, Grottosöngr.
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until as late as 1877. From 1865 to 1868, Rydberg suffered a severe bout of depression caused by the theological struggle and a broken engagement in 1865.
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Since their publication, some of Rydberg's mythological theories have been cited in a number of other scholarly works including his theory regarding a
436:, during the transition from Platonic paganism to Christianity. The novel advocates a philosophy founded on the noblest elements of both ideologies.
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Rydberg was homosexual but celibate. In her opinion, Rydberg found all sexual expression "despicable, impossible, or, at best, delicious but lethal."
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1074:
with the heavenly fire, the lightning; this seems to be shown by the etymological meaning of the names Byleistr and Farbauti both parents of Loki."
362:
Since the late 1920s, scholars and critics have speculated about Rydberg's private life and sexual orientation. Referring to a failed engagement,
249:. Representing the traditional economic system of Sweden, from 1870 to 1872, Rydberg was a member of the Swedish Parliament as a supporter of the
329:, and from 1889 as the first holder of the J. A. Berg Chair of the History and Theory of Art there. In 1889, he was also elected a member of the
1853:
Bandle, Oscar; Braunmüller, Kurt; Jahr, Ernst Håkon; Karker, Allan; Naumann, Hans-Peter; Telemann, Ulf; Elmevik, Lennart; Widmark, Gun (2002).
1628:
William Nicolson, M. A. "Myth and Religion; An Enquiry into their Nature and Relations", Press of the Finnish Literary Society, 1892, p. 13 ff.
1515:
Karl Warburg, Viktor Rydberg, En Lefnadsteckning II, p. 623, translated by Fredrik Gadde in "Viktor Rydberg and Some Beowulf Questions", p. 73.
699:), Rydberg foresaw the possibility of European culture being overcome by the more industrious and more prolific Chinese nation. In this essay,
1044:"In dissenso rispetto all'ottimismo darwiniano di Kidd, Rydberg tratteggiava il crollo della cultura europea per opera della nazione cinese."
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1810:. Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda, edited by Klaus Von See, Beatrice LaFarge, Eve Picard, Ilona Priebe, and Katja Schultz, Bd. 3, p. 836.
584:"Against this last theory, the Swedish savant, Dr. Viktor Rydberg, of Gotenburg, has written a brilliant paper in the two first numbers of
414:; 1857), a historical romance set in the 17th century, incorporating themes of piracy, witchcraft and nautical excursions, was published.
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237:
1906:
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said that "at scarcely thirty years of age" Rydberg was "already acknowledged to be the foremost living prose writer of Scandinavia."
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tale for all ages, originally written for a newspaper, but later widely printed. It has since become a Christmas classic in Sweden.
2173:
1185:
Charles Wharton Stork, Anthology of Swedish Lyrics: From 1750 to 1915, New York, The Scandinavian-American Foundation, London, 1930
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1427:
Anthology of Swedish Lyrics: From 1750 to 1915, New York, The Scandinavian-American Foundation, London, 1930, pp. xxx & xxxi.
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Viktor Rydberg's Investigations into Germanic Mythology, Volume 2, Parts 1 & 2, translated by William P. Reaves, 2004–2007.
959:
721:
2049:
Viktor Rydberg and the comparative study of the history of Indo-European religion, by Anna Lindén, Doktorand, Lund University.
2163:
1789:
William H. Swatos, Jr. and Loftur Reimar Gissurarson, Icelandic Spiritualism: Mediumship and Modernity in Iceland, pp. 38–39.
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the same year. He served from 1883 as teacher, from 1884 as professor, of the History of Culture at Stockholms högskola, now
2183:
2123:
1533:
Anna Linden, in En europeisk apokalyps? Om Viktor Rydbergs 'Den hvita rasens framtid' (Centrum för Europaforskning, 2005)
2188:
2133:
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The Invincible Sword of the Elf-Smith, The Complete Norse Mythology Set to Music, based on Rydberg's Fädernas Gudasaga.
1933:
308:) in which he delivered a fierce attack on the miserable working conditions in factories of the era, using the mill of
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2178:
2153:
1941:
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1807:
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1135:"If Zernack wants to use the word already, how about mentioning Viktor Rydberg, who made the same point in 1886 (
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and a midwife, Hedvig Düker. Viktor Rydberg had two brothers and three sisters. In 1834 his mother died during a
662:") was published in English translation, with an introduction by Swedish Scholar Ola Östin, in its entirety in
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Cyclopedia of World Authors, Revised 3rd edition, Vol. 4, Edited by Frank N. Magill, 1997, s.v. Viktor Rydberg
1461:
571:
2168:
819:
410:
285:
677:, "The Future of the White Race", was published posthumously as an introduction to the Swedish edition of
424:
In 1859, Rydberg's most ambitious novel, and his last one for thirty years, was published under the title
1381:
1310:
1900:
524:
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1610:
Helge Ljungeborg, "Tor, Undersökningar i Indoeuropisk och Nordisk Religionshistoria, 1947, p. 58 ff.
1465:
204:, 1877–1895. "Primarily a classical idealist", Viktor Rydberg has been described as "Sweden's last
1825:, Edited by Anders Andrén, Kristina Jennbart, and Katharina Raudvere, Nordic Academic Press, 2006.
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1895 Den hvitarasens framtid ("The Future of the White Race"). Introduction to Swedish edition of
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740:
characterized as arising "from an assumption that the mythology was once complete and rational."
646:
576:
492:"Lille Viggs äventyr på julafton" ("Little Vigg's Adventures on Christmas Eve", 1871) is a short
1819:"The Askr and Embla Myth in a Comparative Perspective" (2008) by Anders Hultgård. Published in
1745:, citing Hildebrand, Nordisk Tidskrift, 1887, p. 251, and Bååth Nordisk Tidskrift, 1891, p. 68.
782:
707:
542:
451:), a work of contemporary religious criticism, which was hugely successful. Introducing modern
437:
808:
Many of Rydberg's works can be found catalogued on the Project Runeberg website listed below.
588:
for 1881. It is not too much to say, that a more crushing and masterly reply was never penned.
39:
871:
732:
318:
1578:
Eugenics and the Welfare State: Sterilization Policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland
2118:
2113:
1114:
In the introduction to the first English translation of Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus'
737:
667:
601:
326:
317:
For his lifetime of literary achievement, Rydberg received an honorary doctorate from the
8:
433:
246:
20:
344:. Rydberg's passing was reported as far away as the United States of America, where the
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This was soon followed by his first major success, and one of his most popular novels,
254:
481:
1990:
1937:
1917:
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1803:
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923:
529:
281:
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Broberg, Gunnar, and Mattias Tydén (1996). "Eugenics in Sweden: Efficient Care," in
570:, who held that the poem was based on Classical and Biblical sources. An article by
268:
Throughout his life and career, Rydberg coined several Swedish words; many, such as
2037:
1999:
1883:
1776:
1585:
683:
500:
341:
293:
192:
88:
1978:
Viktor Rydbergs Sällskapet (The Viktor Rydberg Society), publisher of the Journal
1619:
Marlene Ciklamini, "Óðinn and the Giants", Neophilologus 46:145-58 (1962), p. 151.
1524:
Henrik Schück, quoted by Karl Warburg in Viktor Rydberg, En Lefnadsteckning, 1900.
659:
2080:
1821:
968:
549:
464:
322:
250:
201:
1822:
Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions
1986:
1855:
The Nordic Languages: an International Handbook of the North Germanic Languages
1581:
363:
208:" and by 1859 was "generally regarded in the first rank of Swedish novelists."
64:
1899:
1887:
1062:
Commenting on specifics of Rydberg's comparative mythology, the Dutch scholar
353:" ("Santa" or "The Gnome") is a Christmas favorite, as well as the lyrics for
310:
2107:
2033:
1915:
Kunitz, Stanley J.; Colby, Vineta, eds. (1967). "Rydberg, (Abraham) Viktor".
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Rydberg died at the age of 66 on 21 September 1895 due to complications from
128:
117:
2019:
1356:
Viktor Rydberg som Erland Månesköld. Om Sven Delblancs läsning av Singoalla,
224:. Her death broke the spirit of his father, who yielded to hypochondria and
2023:
1895:
1451:
Jørgen Bukdahl, Scandinavia Past and Present: Five modern democracies, 1959
1442:, Second Edition, edited by Jean-Albert Bédé and William B. Edgerton, 1980.
889:, in the anthology, Australia Once a Month, translated by D. Conolly, 1885.
796:
567:
562:
786:. He has been mentioned as one of several writers who proposed analogs of
566:, in which he debated the authenticity of the poem with Norwegian scholar
728:
633:) 1889 as well as a children's version of Norse mythology in 1887 titled
557:
205:
1400:, Vol. XIII, Jan–Dec 1882, Boston. E. H. Hames & Co, p. 282 (6 Aug.)
2057:
773:
397:
225:
1409:
Michael Robinson, editor, Strindberg's Letters, Vol. II, 2001, p. 403.
1248:
by Albert Shaw; "Viktor Rydberg: Reformer, The Dante of Sweden", p. 96
1006:
The North! To the North!: Five Swedish Poets of the Nineteenth Century
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in comparative mythology, and who sought Indo-Iranian analogs for the
1930:
The North! To the North! Five Swedish Poets of the Nineteenth Century
1872:
Gadde, Frederik (1942). "Viktor Rydberg and some Beowulf questions".
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297:
289:
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2008:
2004:
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The Religion of the Teutons, Boston and London, Ginn and Co, 1902
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1977:
776:, the dead, and his identification of Harbard with Loki in the
460:
197:
107:
68:
1754:
History of Early English Literature, Vol. I, 1892, p. 111, fn.
1013:
1891, Vapensmeden,(The Armorer, literally "The Weapon-smith").
834:
Singoalla, A Legend-Story, translated by Josef Fredbärj, 1904.
196:; 18 December 1828 – 21 September 1895) was a
1973:
Viktor Rydberg, His Life and Works, a Memorial by Tore Lund.
756:
As Fredrik Gadde has explained, it was in this context, that
1852:
1268:
1257:
232:
541:, 1891), his first novel in three decades. Set during the
276:, are still in use today. In 1884, he refused to support
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1671:, 1890 (reprinted by Freedonia Books, Amsterdam in 2001)
1544:
L’utopia eugenetica del welfare state svedese, 1934–1975
548:
Between 1886 and 1889, his literary work was focused on
1120:
by Oliver Elton, Frederick York Powell wrote in 1894:
1588:, eds.), University of Michigan Press, 2005, p. 79-80.
1506:, Freiburg and Munich: Verlag Karl Alber, 1961, p. 250
1972:
1928:
Moffett, Judith (2001). "Viktor Rydberg, 1828–1895".
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edited by Paul Acker and Carolyne Larrington, 2002,
617:), followed by two volumes of mythic studies titled
509:
Roman Legends concerning the Apostles Peter and Paul
1916:
1214:
1212:
955:Undersökningar i germanisk mythologi, första delen
619:Undersökningar i germanisk mythologi, första delen
2044:The Complete Mythological Works of Viktor Rydberg
1798:Carol Clover "Hárbardsljóð as Generic Farce", in
1440:Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature
983:Undersökningar i germanisk mythologi, andre delen
627:Undersökningar i germanisk mythologi, andre delen
523:Other important works include his translation of
99:Author, journalist, novelist, translator and poet
2144:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2105:
1435:
1433:
1233:, Micropædia, 1986, s.v. Viktor Rydberg, p. 269.
631:Investigations into Germanic Mythology, Volume 2
623:Investigations into Germanic Mythology, Volume 1
1800:The Poetic Edda, Essays on Old Norse Mythology,
1774:Georgia de Santilliana and Hertha von Duchend,
1498:
1496:
1366:
1364:
1298:8 kapitel om konsthistoriens historia i Sverige
1209:
901:Roman Legends about the Apostles Paul and Peter
896:Romerska sägner om apostlarna Petrus och Paulus
505:Romerska sägner om apostlarna Petrus och Paulus
2159:Academic staff of the University of Gothenburg
1300:, Stockholm: Rasters förlag, 2000, p. 248-251.
870:"The Magic of the Middle Ages" translated by
178:Johann Rydberg (father), Hedvig Düker (mother)
1669:The Nine Worlds, Stories from Norse Mythology
1430:
1204:Anthology of Swedish Lyrics From 1750 to 1925
1002:Anthology of Swedish Lyrics from 1750 to 1925
673:Rydberg's final publication, an essay titled
2199:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts
1910:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). p. 949.
1493:
1361:
1066:calls him "sagacious." De Vries, writing in
1004:, translated by Charles W. Stork, 1930; and
883:(Little Vigg's Adventures on Christmas Eve)
695:In contrast to Kidd's optimistic Darwinism (
1982:, devoted to Rydberg's Life and Literature.
1914:
1370:
1280:
1218:
823:, translated by Caroline L. Broomall, 1891.
580:August 1881, describes Rydberg's response:
2026:
1857:. Vol. 1. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter.
1490:, ed. Richard North and T. Hofstra, 1992 .
1488:Latin Culture and Medieval Germanic Europe
1292:Svante Nordin, "Rydberg, Abraham Viktor",
38:
1557:Genetic Politics: From Eugenics to Genome
349:schools throughout Sweden, and his poem "
157:Undersökningar i Germanisk Mythologi I-II
1555:Kerr, Anne, and Tom Shakespeare (2002).
1486:"Völuspá and the Sibylline Traditions",
1460:
948:, translated by William P. Reaves, 2003.
903:, translated by Ottilia von Düben, 1898.
706:
600:"... over one hundred pages (as against
480:
391:
321:in 1877 and was elected a member of the
296:, Rydberg voted to send him to jail for
1927:
1342:
1330:
19:For the Swedish ice hockey player, see
2106:
1682:Freyja: The Great Goddess of the North
1658:, page 197. Syracuse University Press.
1246:The American Monthly Review of Reviews
1241:
1239:
960:Investigations into Germanic Mythology
917:, translated by Alfred C. Clark, 1877.
722:Investigations into Germanic Mythology
711:Viktor Rydberg portrait with signature
449:The Bible's Doctrine concerning Christ
238:Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning
193:[ˈɑ̂ːbrahamˈvɪ̌kːtɔrˈrŷːdbærj]
1923:. New York, NY: H. W. Wilson Co.
1894:
1871:
1763:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1637:Handbook of Norse Mythology, p. 39-45
1008:, translated by Judith Moffett, 2001.
848:, translated by William W. Thomas Jr.
715:
191:
1504:Forschungsgeschichte der Mythologie
1236:
1137:Undersökningar i germansk mythologi
596:characterizes this work similarly:
592:A century later, Old Norse scholar
13:
1934:Southern Illinois University Press
14:
2215:
1966:
1845:
1656:Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe
1559:. Cheltenham, Eng.: New Clarion,
1466:"Northern Antiquarian Literature"
1163:. Swedish Academy. Archived from
331:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
288:. As a juror in an 1888 trial of
2012:
1996:Works by or about Viktor Rydberg
1952:
1836:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
697:all'ottimismo darwiniano di Kidd
533:(1876) and the historical novel
404:In 1857, Rydberg's first novel,
1960:A History of Swedish Literature
1901:"Rydberg, Abraham Viktor"
1828:
1813:
1792:
1783:
1768:
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1736:
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1384:writing in the introduction to
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1079:
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1047:
1038:
1000:A selection of these appear in
881:Lille Viggs äventyr på julafton
803:
459:itself to deny the divinity of
443:In 1862 he wrote and published
387:
2139:Members of the Swedish Academy
2074:Carl Vilhelm August Strandberg
1599:Myth and Religion of the North
1262:
1251:
1224:
1206:by Charles Wharton Stork, 1930
1197:
1188:
1179:
1153:
859:Christ According to the Bible'
666:1, 2007, a publication of the
1:
2204:Members of the Andra kammaren
1646:Prolonged Echoes, pp. 234–238
1146:
922:1876, Swedish translation of
380:(1983) argued that the novel
2164:Writers on Germanic paganism
1311:"Death of Prof. A.V.Rydberg"
820:The Freebooter of the Baltic
476:The Magic of the Middle Ages
455:to Scandinavia, he used the
411:The Freebooter of the Baltic
211:
16:Swedish novelist (1828–1895)
7:
2174:English–Swedish translators
2011:(public domain audiobooks)
1680:Britt-Mari Näsström (1995)
1382:William Widgery Thomas, Jr.
1294:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
887:Little Vigg's Christmas Eve
503:in 1874, Rydberg published
438:William Widgery Thomas, Jr.
200:writer and a member of the
10:
2220:
2194:German–Swedish translators
2184:19th-century Swedish poets
1919:European Authors 1000–1900
1016:1894, Varia (Miscellanea).
719:
396:Viktor Rydberg's grave in
314:as his literary backdrop.
18:
2189:19th-century male writers
2134:Germanic studies scholars
2092:
2078:
2070:
2065:
1888:10.1080/00393274208586909
1371:Kunitz & Colby (1967)
1281:Kunitz & Colby (1967)
1219:Kunitz & Colby (1967)
1161:"Rydberg, Abraham Viktor"
1027:. Stockholm: Hugo Gebers.
356:Gläns över sjö och strand
174:
166:
148:
134:
124:
113:
103:
95:
74:
49:
37:
30:
2179:19th-century translators
2154:Swedish-language writers
1031:
675:Den hvita rasens framtid
499:After a long journey in
2020:Works by Viktor Rydberg
2005:Works by Viktor Rydberg
1987:Works by Viktor Rydberg
1907:Encyclopædia Britannica
1597:E.O.G. Turville-Petre,
1231:Encyclopædia Britannica
855:Bibelns lära om Kristus
814:Fribytaren på Östersjön
445:Bibelns lära om Kristus
406:Fribytaren på Östersjön
2149:Swedish-language poets
1684:. University of Lund,
1126:
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189:Swedish pronunciation:
185:Abraham Viktor Rydberg
53:Abraham Viktor Rydberg
2124:People from Jönköping
1896:Gosse, Edmund William
1875:Studia Neophilologica
1354:Quoting Stig Bäckman
1121:
1071:
872:August Hjalmar Edgren
766:
758:
750:
733:Margaret Clunies Ross
710:
701:
689:
664:The Runestone Journal
651:
598:
582:
484:
470:Rydberg's next work,
395:
368:
319:University of Uppsala
2129:Writers from Småland
2034:Several works online
1542:Dotti, Luca (2004).
1269:Bandle et al. (2002)
1258:Bandle et al. (2002)
946:Our Fathers' Godsaga
934:The Sword of Victory
738:H. R. Ellis Davidson
668:Asatru Folk Assembly
639:Our Fathers' Godsaga
615:The Sword of Victory
327:Stockholm University
302:Den nya Grottesången
2169:Swedish translators
1962:(Minneapolis, 1961)
1936:. pp. 77–116.
1667:Mary E. Litchfield
1358:Samlaren 125:78–91.
1167:on 22 December 2014
1068:The Problem of Loki
748:Saussaye, remarks:
434:Julian the Apostate
306:The New Grotti Song
247:Franco-Prussian War
21:Victor Crus Rydberg
1958:Gustafson, Alrik,
1932:. Carbondale, IL:
1398:The Literary World
1318:The New York Times
993:1882–1891 Dikter (
974:Rasmus B. Anderson
969:Teutonic Mythology
841:Den siste Atenaren
716:Mythological works
713:
554:Germanic mythology
490:
453:Biblical criticism
426:Den siste Atenaren
402:
286:his blasphemy case
2102:
2101:
2093:Succeeded by
2066:Cultural offices
1991:Project Gutenberg
1386:The Last Athenian
1320:. 22 August 1895.
941:Fädernas gudasaga
846:The Last Athenian
635:Fädernas gudasaga
586:Nordisk Tidskrift
487:Fädernas gudasaga
430:The Last Athenian
282:August Strindberg
257:of his own name:
255:Germanic spelling
182:
181:
161:Fädernas Gudasaga
78:21 September 1895
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342:arteriosclerosis
294:Hjalmar Branting
272:for the foreign
261:, as opposed to
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1731:Gadde (1942)
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2119:1895 deaths
2114:1828 births
2086:Chair No 16
1171:22 December
792:Poetic Edda
778:Poetic Edda
729:John Lindow
558:Poetic Edda
543:Reformation
539:The Armoror
535:Vapensmeden
311:Grottasöngr
104:Nationality
2108:Categories
2090:1877–1895
2058:Mats Wendt
1147:References
1139:, I 373)?"
962:, Volume I
915:Roman Days
774:World Mill
517:Roman Days
511:1874) and
398:Gothenburg
226:alcoholism
120:, Oscarian
96:Occupation
58:1828-12-18
830:Singoalla
494:Christmas
485:cover to
419:Singoalla
382:Singoalla
298:blasphemy
290:socialist
278:anarchist
274:mythologi
212:Biography
175:Relatives
153:Singoalla
139:Mythology
118:Victorian
85:Djursholm
65:Jönköping
2009:LibriVox
1898:(1911).
1464:(1881).
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338:diabetes
270:gudasaga
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206:Romantic
143:Religion
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613:1882, (
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812:1857,
794:poem,
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461:Christ
351:Tomten
263:Victor
259:Viktor
167:Spouse
114:Period
69:Sweden
1314:(PDF)
1032:Notes
995:Poems
780:poem
560:poem
550:Norse
530:Faust
501:Italy
284:, in
125:Genre
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