142:
110:
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569:"The massacre and destruction of the Armenians and the plunder and pillage of their goods were the results of decision reached by Ittihad's Central Committee ... The atrocities were carried out under a program that was determined upon and involved a definite case of premeditation. It was ascertained that these atrocities and crimes were encouraged by the district attorneys whose dereliction of judicial duties in face of their occurrence and especially their remaining indifferent renders them accessories to these crimes."
448:
583:
the labor battalions, and Çerkez Kadir, the brigand chief who carried out the killings. Vehib had both men court-martialed and hanged for the massacre, and warned his troops not to commit atrocities. Vehib also attempted to have
Bahaeddin Şakir and Provincial Governor Ahmed Muammer Bey, who had issued the orders to carry out the massacre, court-martialed. However, Şakir fled and Muammer was transferred out of Vehib's jurisdiction. Şakir was later assassinated by Armenian vigilantes as part of
194:
574:"In summary, here are my convictions. The Armenian deportations were carried out in a manner entirely unbecoming to humanity, civilization, and government. The massacre and annihilation of the Armenians, and the looting and plunder of their properties were the result of the decision of the Central Committee of Ittihad and Terakki. The butchers of human beings, who operated in the command zone of the Third Army, were procured and engaged by Dr.
887:
44:
841:
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In 1916, Vehib noticed that a labor battalion of 2,000 Turco-Armenian soldiers had gone missing. He later discovered that the entire battalion had been executed, with the men being tied together in fours and shot. Outraged, he ordered the arrests of Kör Nuri, the gendarmerie commander in charge of
643:, he remarked "Out there will be the grave of Italian Fascism. When the Italian native troops hear of ME they will desert." Vehib designed a strong defensive line for the Ethiopians which was known as the "Hindenburg Wall", in reference to the famous German defensive line of
875:
Vehip Paşa «Ben bir buçuk yıldır Kafkas cephesi kumandanıyım. Kafkasyalıları tetkik ettim öğrendim. Siz
Kafkasyalılar da, biz Arnavutlar gibi temizliği seviyorsunuz. Bu pis Türk neferlerini, hem de bu kılıkta Kafkasya'ya sokamam.»
578:. The high ranking governmental officials did submit to his directives and order ... He stopped by at all major centers where he orally transmitted his instructions to the party's local bodies and to the governmental authorities."
834:
The
Ottoman Albanian Vehib Pasha spoke to the Armenians in the language that any romantic nationalist could comprehend, and his point was clearly to cow his opponents with the depth of Ottoman determination.
1192:
1277:
599:. After his return to Constantinople at the end of World War I, he was prosecuted for misuse of his office and jailed in Bekirağa prison. He escaped to Italy. His
385:
1202:
329:
1212:
1242:
680:
561:
Vehib Pasha repeatedly condemned the
Armenian genocide and gave testimony confirming its existence. He gave evidence to the Mazhar Commission for the
1252:
838:
The
Ottoman-Russian Struggle for Eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1908-1918: Identity, Ideology and the Geopolitics of World Order, Volume 1
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was revoked by the new government of Turkey. He spent some time in Italy, Germany, Romania, Greece and Egypt. His dislike of
1292:
1207:
963:
911:
791:
562:
451:
Vehib, as his brother's representative, surrendering the city of
Ioannina to the Greek general Alexandros Soutsos.
1262:
372:. Coming from a prominent family of the city his father, Mehmet Emin Efendi, had served as its mayor. He was an
1217:
814:
Vehib Pasha, the
Albanian, was perhaps a tiger; but he was likewise both valiant soldier and grand- seigneur.
333:
1027:"The Secret Young-Turk Ittihadist Conference and the Decision for the World War I Genocide of the Armenians"
518:
420:
317:
158:
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856:
596:
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17:
431:, Vehib was called to Constantinople, where he began to work at the Ministry of War. Shortly afterwards
1267:
628:
337:
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514:
230:
405:
1114:
903:
The history of the
Armenian genocide: ethnic conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus
604:
860:
600:
474:
955:
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in the mid-1930s, Vehib volunteered to fight for the
Ethiopians. In Ethiopia, he was known as
377:
276:
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1177:
668:
652:
432:
260:
240:
235:
8:
863:
and learned. You
Caucasians love cleanliness like us Albanians. I won't make these dirty
546:
510:
473:, until 20 February 1913. The Ottoman forces eventually surrendered to the Greeks under
1046:
640:
612:
530:
381:
225:
220:
210:
575:
1128:
1081:
1038:
1005:
1001:
The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924
959:
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907:
817:
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328:. In his later years, Vehib Pasha volunteered to serve as a military advisor to the
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639:, the Ethiopian Commander-in-Chief on the southern front. In an interview with
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529:. His army defended against attacks by the Russians but was defeated in the
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appointed Vehib as the Commander of the Cadet School (Military high school,
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in 1915. His younger brother Mehmet Nakyettin Bey was the father of
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was well known and he never hid his contempt for the new leader of
550:
533:. In 1918, Vehib's Third Army regained the offensive and took back
466:
361:
279:(Brother), Mehmet Nakyettin Bey (Brother), Kâzim Taşkent (Nephew),
93:
76:
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313:
64:
651:. However, the Italians broke through these defenses during the
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542:
490:
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97:
80:
43:
1063:
Kevin Jackson, Atlas Tarih, No 03, September 2010, pp. 74-76.
486:
424:
906:(6th rev. ed.). New York: Berghahn Books. p. 384.
538:
348:, the Ethiopian Commander-in-Chief on the southern front.
920:
469:
with his brother Esad Pasha who was the commander of the
972:
521:. His successes led to his being made commander of the
1193:
Ottoman Imperial School of Military Engineering alumni
1278:
Military personnel of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
947:
681:Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide
655:in April 1936. After the war was lost, Vehib left
954:(1 ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books. p.
1169:
997:
485:in the 22nd Infantry Division. He was sent to
1203:Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars
1031:Journal of Political & Military Sociology
998:Morris, Benny; Ze'evi, Dror (24 April 2019).
884:Azerbaycan İstiklâl Mücadelesinin Hatıraları
1213:Balkan Wars prisoners of war held by Greece
983:sfn error: no target: CITEREFForsythe2009 (
931:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKiernan2008 (
42:
1243:Ottoman military personnel of World War I
1004:. Harvard University Press. p. 159.
611:who had once fought under his command at
978:
945:
893:
779:
446:
1253:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire
1129:"Karacaahmet Cemetery: Notable burials"
1024:
926:
899:
859:for one and a half years. I researched
398:Imperial School of Military Engineering
392:, the first nationwide private bank in
14:
1170:
635:, and served as the Chief-of-Staff to
627:When the Italians invaded Ethiopia in
590:
886:, Azerbaycan Gençlik Derneği, 1964,
556:
1273:Mercenaries from the Ottoman Empire
824:, C. Scribner's sons, 1926, p. 22.)
396:. Vehib himself graduated from the
24:
1258:Witnesses of the Armenian genocide
1238:Turkish people of Albanian descent
667:He died in 1940 and was buried at
496:
25:
1304:
1146:
595:Vehib did not participate in the
439:). He reached the rank of Major.
410:Mekteb-i Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Şâhâne
356:Vehib was born in 1877 in Yanya,
1188:Military personnel from Ioannina
192:
152:
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1248:Burials at Karacaahmet Cemetery
1228:Escapees from Turkish detention
1198:Ottoman Military College alumni
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855:I've been the commander of the
822:Four Years Beneath the Crescent
1288:Italy–Ottoman Empire relations
847:
840:, Princeton University, 2003,
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509:and Vehib participated in the
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423:, which was then stationed in
402:Mühendishane-i Berrî-i Hümâyûn
13:
1:
871:, especially with this guise.
275:Mehmet Emin Efendi (Father),
1113:. 4 May 1936. Archived from
622:
351:
91:1940 (aged 62–63)
7:
1025:Dadrian, Vahakn N. (1994).
950:Black dog of fate: a memoir
900:Dadrian, Vahakn N. (2004).
867:soldiers to enter into the
674:
597:Turkish War of Independence
324:and in several theatres of
253:Second Italo-Abyssinian War
10:
1309:
780:Kayallof, Jacques (1973).
770:magazine, 14 October 1935.
754:magazine, 14 October 1935.
738:magazine, 14 October 1935.
686:
659:and returned to Istanbul.
629:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
454:
338:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1283:Ethiopia–Turkey relations
1074:"The War: Water Will Win"
477:. After his release as a
404:) in 1899, then from the
271:
231:Capture of Trabzon (1918)
174:
164:
133:
103:
87:
58:
50:
41:
34:
1208:Ottoman prisoners of war
1158:28 February 2012 at the
946:Balakian, Peter (1997).
783:The battle of Sardarabad
662:
475:Crown Prince Constantine
406:Ottoman Military College
615:. He did not return to
1293:Italy–Turkey relations
1263:Massacres of Armenians
836:(Michael A. Reynolds,
786:. Mouton. p. 14.
722:magazine, 11 May 1936.
580:
571:
545:on 26 March. With the
452:
1218:Ottoman Army generals
706:magazine, 4 May 1936.
572:
567:
541:in March, as well as
465:, Vehib defended the
450:
427:. In 1909, after the
669:Karacaahmet Cemetery
653:Battle of the Ogaden
549:, Vehib returned to
433:Mahmud Shevket Pasha
376:. His elder brother
368:), then part of the
312:, 1877–1940), was a
261:Battle of the Ogaden
241:Battle of Karakilisa
236:Battle of Sardarabad
1107:"WAR: Eighth Month"
1080:. 14 October 1935.
591:War of Independence
547:Armistice of Mudros
481:, Vehib was made a
340:. He served as the
320:. He fought in the
310:Mehmet Vehip (Kaçı)
764:"Newshawks, Seals"
641:The New York Times
531:battle of Erzinjan
511:Gallipoli Campaign
453:
302:Mehmet Vehip Pasha
298:Mehmed Wehib Pasha
277:Mehmet Esat Bülkat
226:Battle of Erzincan
221:Trebizond Campaign
211:Gallipoli Campaign
1268:Massacres in 1916
1011:978-0-674-91645-6
929:, p. 413-14.
853:Vehib Pasha said
818:Rafael de Nogales
585:Operation Nemesis
557:Armenian Genocide
527:Caucasus Campaign
513:, commanding the
467:Fortress of Yanya
429:31 March Incident
304:(modern Turkish:
287:
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216:Caucasus Campaign
16:(Redirected from
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1233:Turkish escapees
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1117:on 1 April 2012.
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748:"Water Will Win"
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729:
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713:
707:
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537:on 24 February,
517:, and later the
463:First Balkan War
457:Battle of Bizani
408:(Staff College,
346:Nasibu Zeamanuel
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189:Battle of Bizani
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128:Ethiopian Empire
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576:Bahaeddin Şakir
563:Istanbul trials
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497:First World War
479:prisoner of war
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419:and joined the
388:the founder of
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306:Kaçı Vehip Paşa
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1147:External links
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1037:(1): 173–201.
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732:"Solemn Hours"
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370:Ottoman Empire
360:(present day:
358:Janina Vilayet
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342:chief of staff
330:Ethiopian Army
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1163:(in Turkish)
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1115:the original
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1089:. Retrieved
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927:Kiernan 2008
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797:. Retrieved
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719:
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695:
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619:until 1940.
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500:
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437:Askerî İdadi
436:
409:
401:
355:
318:Ottoman Army
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:
281:Doğan Kardeş
251:
201:
179:
175:Battles/wars
148:Ottoman Army
54:Mehmed Wehib
26:
1183:1940 deaths
1178:1877 births
645:World War I
633:Wehib Pasha
601:citizenship
525:during the
519:Second Army
507:World War I
471:Yanya Corps
461:During the
443:Balkan wars
421:Fourth Army
336:during the
326:World War I
322:Balkan Wars
294:Vehip Pasha
290:Wehib Pasha
203:World War I
181:Balkan Wars
36:Wehib Pasha
18:Vehib Pasha
1172:Categories
1153:Who is who
1091:25 January
861:Caucasians
799:18 October
637:Ras Nasibu
523:Third Army
390:Yapı Kredi
378:Esad Pasha
104:Allegiance
51:Birth name
1086:0040-781X
1043:0047-2697
623:Abyssinia
613:Gallipoli
382:Gallipoli
380:defended
352:Biography
272:Relations
1156:Archived
1051:45331941
869:Caucasus
675:See also
657:Ethiopia
617:Istanbul
505:entered
374:Albanian
362:Ioannina
332:against
134:Service/
94:Istanbul
77:Ioannina
75:(modern
865:Turkish
842:p. 424.
687:Sources
535:Trabzon
483:Colonel
417:captain
412:) as a
316:in the
314:general
169:General
1223:Pashas
1084:
1049:
1041:
1008:
962:
910:
888:p. 64.
876:diyor.
790:
647:, the
609:Turkey
543:Batumi
491:Arabia
394:Turkey
366:Greece
191:
145:
136:branch
125:
113:
98:Turkey
81:Greece
1132:(PDF)
1047:JSTOR
663:Death
487:Hejaz
425:Yemen
414:staff
65:Yanya
1093:2024
1082:ISSN
1078:Time
1039:ISSN
1006:ISBN
985:help
960:ISBN
933:help
908:ISBN
801:2011
788:ISBN
768:Time
752:Time
736:Time
720:Time
704:Time
539:Hopa
501:The
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