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Vaspurakan

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282: 1350: 935: 858: 954: 877: 457: 118: 130: 439: 896: 919: 253:). Hübschmann argues that if the province was already commonly called Vaspurakan by Strabo's time (1st century BC-1st century AD), then it should also be found in the works of the early Armenian historians, but it is not mentioned by most of them. 737:, an Armenian monastery on the slopes of Mt. Varag (9 km. east of Van), founded by King Sennacherib-John early in his reign (1003–1024). It became the richest and most celebrated monastery of the Lake Van area. Here, 226:("army/troop of nobles"). Thus, Vaspurakan can be translated as "noble land" or "land of princes". Alternative interpretations of the name include "having a special position" or "royal domain". Armenologist 1717: 281: 1727: 1260: 1592: 257:(traditionally dated to the 5th century) is the first to refer to the province by that name, and only on one occasion. Later Armenian historians (e.g. 592: 1349: 934: 1602: 1597: 857: 895: 676: 562: 543: 691: 577: 517:
Vaspurakan's territory was 40,870 km (16,000 sq mi) and was divided into 35 cantons. They usually took the name of the local
642: 612: 587: 572: 533: 1253: 686: 657: 647: 637: 918: 745:(The Eagle of Vaspurakan), the first newspaper ever printed in Armenia. The archbishop of Van resided here until the late 19th century. 696: 681: 622: 617: 597: 567: 557: 528: 876: 602: 1127: 607: 328:
dynasty, which first managed to create a principality in the area. At its greatest extent Vaspurakan comprised the lands between
1097: 1246: 538: 1678: 1216: 725: 796: 953: 1446: 504: 486: 778: 318: 1440: 662: 1286: 482: 442:
Armenian self-defense units holding a defense line against Turkish forces in the walled city of Van in May 1915
298: 167: 139: 35: 1270: 1519: 1314: 925: 790: 478: 1514: 1398: 1298: 302: 262: 1188: 1376: 1332: 804:(now Gürpınar plain), the valley in which the Armenian progenitor Hayk defeated the Assyrian king Bel 784: 959: 941: 823: 818: 467: 1209:
The Church of the Holy Cross of Ałt‘amar: Politics, Art, Spirituality in the Kingdom of Vaspurakan
1434: 1112: 772: 471: 1624: 1161: 246: 1143: 227: 1430: 1382: 341: 171: 20: 403:
successively. In the beginning of the 13th century, part of Vaspurakan was liberated by the
1582: 1238: 1184: 8: 1722: 1452: 1424: 1147: 1616: 1414: 1366: 748: 361: 357: 306: 294: 1649: 1404: 1392: 1308: 1212: 1173: 1166: 1108:] (in Armenian). Vol. 4. Erevani hamalsarani hratarakchʻutʻyun. p. 310. 369: 349: 254: 151: 1172:, Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces, Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1644: 1326: 1304: 1294: 1123: 1093: 835: 813: 766: 432: 400: 376: 365: 317:
control. Many rebellions took place in Vaspurakan. In 885, within the territory of
270: 159: 1156:] (in Armenian). Translated by Pilējikchean, H. B. Vienna: Mkhitʻarean Tparan. 1420: 1370: 1290: 1117:
Armenia and the Byzantine Empire: a Brief Study of Armenian Art and Civilization.
753: 738: 384: 310: 215: 89: 1570: 1560: 1408: 868: 345: 269:) refer to the province more frequently, especially after the emergence of the 266: 203: 1711: 1693: 1680: 1575: 1565: 1474: 1039: 840: 424: 1177: 234:("land of the army/troop of nobles") mentioned by the 7th-century historian 1504: 416: 388: 910: 906: 801: 757: 720: 652: 175: 50: 1138:] (in Armenian). Vol. 4. Yerevan State University. p. 767. 1654: 1629: 1524: 902: 883: 762: 734: 552: 548: 428: 392: 333: 75: 1489: 1322: 807: 706: 230:
considered it likely that the name originated as a shortening of the
191: 456: 258: 1634: 1499: 1484: 1386: 1318: 1233: 887: 729: 667: 519: 420: 404: 396: 353: 329: 325: 222:
was also rarely used as an adjective meaning "noble"; for example,
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This article is about the geographic area. For the kingdom, see
1534: 627: 290: 242: 235: 202:
The name Vaspurakan is of Iranian origin. It is related of the
183: 123: 1659: 775:, a 10th-century Armenian monastery on the shores of Lake Van 632: 582: 1268: 1539: 1529: 945: 701: 314: 187: 135: 1136:
Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories
852:
Medieval Armenian cathedrals and monasteries in Vaspurakan
1072: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1051: 1015: 1718:
States and territories established in the 2nd century BC
1126:; Melikʻ-Bakhshyan, St. T.; Barseghyan, H. Kh. (1998). 1027: 974: 1132:
Hayastani ev harakitsʻ shrjanneri teghanunneri baṛaran
1063: 1005: 1003: 1001: 241:
Some scholars believe that Vaspurakan is mentioned by
210:, meaning "senior, heir, prince". In Middle Persian, 765:, a destroyed 10th-century Armenian monastery where 998: 728:, former Armenian Catholicosate of Aghtamar on the 1206: 1165: 1207:Pogossian, Zaroui; Vardanyan, Edda, eds. (2019). 986: 1709: 1046:Hakobyan, Melikʻ-Bakhshyan & Barseghyan 1998 324:During most of its history, it was ruled by the 289:From the 9th century BC, Vaspurakan was part of 1728:Provinces of the Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity) 810:, the castle constructed by Hayk in Hayots Dzor 285:Vaspurakan 1788, by unknown French cartographer 190:, the region is considered to be the cradle of 754:The Monastery of Saint Gregory the Illuminator 1254: 1195:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. p. 205. 1160: 1033: 980: 485:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 293:. In the 6th century BC, it became part of 1261: 1247: 1119:Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1947. 16:Province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia 1142: 1076: 1057: 1021: 505:Learn how and when to remove this message 1092: 1009: 437: 280: 1437:, Shanazarians and Avanians, 1603–1822) 1710: 1232:«Վասպուրական» Հայրենակցական միություն 1193:A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary 1183: 992: 344:was recognized King of Armenia by the 182:. Located in what is now southeastern 1242: 301:'s provinces. Then it became part of 781:, on the southern shores of Lake Van 726:Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Cross 714: 483:adding citations to reliable sources 450: 313:. In the 8th century, it fell under 214:referred to the top nobility of the 797:Church of the Holy Cross at Soradir 446: 431:regained it during his short lived 273:-ruled principality in Vaspurakan. 13: 1200: 375:After Vaspurakan was ceded to the 352:, but soon he was reconciled with 14: 1739: 1226: 829: 166:) was the eighth province of the 1348: 1305:Kingdom of Armenia (Middle Ages) 1106:Armenian Etymological Dictionary 952: 933: 917: 894: 886:(10th century) on the shores of 875: 856: 455: 407:, but was then conquered by the 297:. From 189 BC, it became one of 128: 116: 1441:Republic of Mountainous Armenia 1421:Zakarid Principality of Armenia 1234:http://vaspurakan.blogspot.com/ 1086: 944:(14th century) in northwestern 779:Saint Gregory of Goms monastery 523:(canton chief) that ruled them: 1287:Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity) 926:Monastery of Saint Bartholomew 905:(11th century) at the foot of 372:and surroundings in exchange. 140:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic 78:declaring himself independent 36:the ancient kingdom of Armenia 1: 967: 787:, near the shores of Lake Van 1154:Ancient Armenian Place Names 1149:Hin Hayotsʻ Teghwoy Anunnerě 356:, who recognized him as the 7: 1315:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 865:Cathedral of the Holy Cross 791:Saint Bartholomew Monastery 10: 1744: 1399:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget 846: 303:Arsacid dynasty of Armenia 276: 263:Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi 250: 168:ancient kingdom of Armenia 18: 1613: 1553: 1462: 1455:(1991–2023, unrecognized) 1433:(Beglarians, Israelians, 1377:Principality of Hamamshen 1357: 1346: 1277: 1102:Hayeren armatakan bararan 155: 111: 107: 103: 99: 86: 72: 68: 60: 56: 46: 41: 33: 28: 1113:Der Nersessian, Sirarpie 960:Saint Stepanos Monastery 942:Saint Thaddeus Monastery 824:Saint Stepanos Monastery 819:Saint Thaddeus Monastery 709:- ruled by the Varajnuni 391:. Later it was ruled by 170:, which later became an 1168:Armenian Van/Vaspurakan 1162:Hovannisian, Richard G. 387:), it was conquered by 368:, receiving estates in 364:gave Vaspurakan to the 309:, it was included into 232:koghmn Vaspurakan Gndin 197: 1614:Other provinces under 1554:Other Armenian regions 1401:(Kiurikians, 979–1118) 1269:Historical states and 785:Saint Thomas Monastery 443: 348:in competition to the 286: 1431:Melikdoms of Karabakh 1383:Kingdom of Vaspurakan 441: 342:Gagik I of Vaspurakan 284: 21:Kingdom of Vaspurakan 1583:Armenian Mesopotamia 1443:(1921, unrecognized) 1417:(Khachen, 1000–1261) 1278:Independent Armenian 962:in northwestern Iran 479:improve this section 1690: /  1339:Republic of Armenia 1333:Republic of Armenia 721:The old city of Van 228:Heinrich Hübschmann 172:independent kingdom 1617:Tigranes the Great 1415:Kingdom of Artsakh 1367:Satrapy of Armenia 1358:Minor or dependent 1271:regions of Armenia 1094:Achaṛyan, Hrachʻya 903:Monastery of Varag 884:Monastery of Narek 867:(10th century) on 749:Chapel of Dzordzor 444: 423:, and then by the 362:Seneqerim Ardzruni 358:King of Vaspurakan 321:, it became free. 319:Kingdom of Armenia 295:Satrapy of Armenia 287: 88:• Annexed by 1673: 1672: 1405:Kingdom of Syunik 1393:Kingdom of Vanand 1218:978-90-04-40038-2 1124:Hakobyan, Tʻ. Kh. 1060:, pp. 93–95. 1024:, pp. 94–95. 743:Arciv Vaspurakani 715:Sites of interest 515: 514: 507: 340:) in 908. In 908 255:Movses Khorenatsi 186:and northwestern 145: 144: 1735: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1468:of Armenia Major 1352: 1301:, 553 BC–428 AD) 1263: 1256: 1249: 1240: 1239: 1222: 1196: 1180: 1171: 1157: 1139: 1109: 1080: 1074: 1061: 1055: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1034:Hovannisian 2000 1031: 1025: 1019: 1013: 1007: 996: 990: 984: 981:Hovannisian 2000 978: 956: 937: 921: 898: 879: 860: 814:Plain of Avarayr 767:Krikor Naregatsi 730:Isle of Aghtamar 510: 503: 499: 496: 490: 459: 451: 447:Cantons (Gavars) 433:Afsharid dynasty 401:Sultanate of Rum 377:Byzantine Empire 366:Byzantine Empire 252: 160:Western Armenian 157: 134: 132: 131: 122: 120: 119: 26: 25: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1708: 1707: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1669: 1615: 1609: 1549: 1467: 1458: 1435:Hasan-Jalalians 1360:Armenian states 1359: 1353: 1344: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1229: 1219: 1203: 1201:Further reading 1089: 1084: 1083: 1075: 1064: 1056: 1052: 1044: 1040: 1032: 1028: 1020: 1016: 1008: 999: 991: 987: 979: 975: 970: 963: 957: 948: 938: 929: 922: 913: 899: 890: 880: 871: 861: 849: 836:Khrimian Hayrik 832: 739:Khrimian Hayrik 717: 712: 670:- ruled by the 551:- ruled by the 511: 500: 494: 491: 476: 460: 449: 385:Byzantine Greek 336:(also known as 311:Persian Armenia 307:division of 387 299:Greater Armenia 279: 245:as Basoropeda ( 224:vaspurakan gund 218:. In Armenian, 216:Sasanian Empire 200: 162:pronunciation: 138: 129: 127: 126: 117: 115: 92: 90:Sassanid Empire 79: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1741: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1621: 1619: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1561:Lesser Armenia 1557: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1471: 1469: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1456: 1450: 1447:Soviet Armenia 1444: 1438: 1428: 1418: 1412: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1380: 1374: 1363: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1342: 1341:(1991–present) 1336: 1330: 1312: 1302: 1283: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1266: 1265: 1258: 1251: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1228: 1227:External links 1225: 1224: 1223: 1217: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1181: 1164:, ed. (2000), 1158: 1140: 1120: 1110: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1077:Hiwbshman 1907 1062: 1058:Hiwbshman 1907 1050: 1038: 1026: 1022:Hiwbshman 1907 1014: 997: 985: 972: 971: 969: 966: 965: 964: 958: 951: 949: 939: 932: 930: 928:(13th century) 923: 916: 914: 900: 893: 891: 881: 874: 872: 869:Akdamar Island 862: 855: 853: 848: 845: 844: 843: 838: 831: 830:Notable people 828: 827: 826: 821: 816: 811: 805: 799: 793: 788: 782: 776: 770: 760: 751: 746: 732: 723: 716: 713: 711: 710: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 546: 541: 536: 531: 525: 513: 512: 463: 461: 454: 448: 445: 383:Βασπρακία, in 346:Abbasid Caliph 278: 275: 267:Tovma Artsruni 204:Middle Persian 199: 196: 194:civilization. 178:, centered on 143: 142: 113: 109: 108: 105: 104: 101: 100: 97: 96: 93: 87: 84: 83: 80: 73: 70: 69: 66: 65: 62: 58: 57: 54: 53: 48: 44: 43: 39: 38: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1740: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1706: 1703: 1694:38.8°N 44.0°E 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1612: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1475:Upper Armenia 1473: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1463:Provinces or 1461: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1373:, 522–331 BC) 1372: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1356: 1351: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1276: 1272: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1220: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1204: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1185:Nyberg, H. S. 1182: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1169: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1144:Hiwbshman, H. 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1079:, p. 93. 1078: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1059: 1054: 1047: 1042: 1035: 1030: 1023: 1018: 1011: 1010:Achaṛyan 1979 1006: 1004: 1002: 994: 989: 982: 977: 973: 961: 955: 950: 947: 943: 936: 931: 927: 920: 915: 912: 908: 904: 897: 892: 889: 885: 878: 873: 870: 866: 859: 854: 851: 850: 842: 841:Aram Manukian 839: 837: 834: 833: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 798: 794: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 768: 764: 761: 759: 755: 752: 750: 747: 744: 740: 736: 733: 731: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 526: 524: 522: 521: 509: 506: 498: 488: 484: 480: 474: 473: 469: 464:This section 462: 458: 453: 452: 440: 436: 434: 430: 426: 425:Ottoman Turks 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 373: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 283: 274: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 248: 247:Ancient Greek 244: 239: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 195: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 153: 149: 141: 137: 125: 114: 112:Today part of 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 91: 85: 81: 77: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 52: 49: 45: 42:189 BC–428 AD 40: 37: 32: 27: 22: 1675: 1509: 1505:Nor Shirakan 1464: 1427:, 1201–1335) 1329:, 1080–1375) 1208: 1192: 1167: 1153: 1148: 1135: 1131: 1128:"Vaspurakan" 1116: 1105: 1101: 1098:"Vaspurakan" 1087:Bibliography 1053: 1041: 1036:, p. 2. 1029: 1017: 988: 983:, p. 1. 976: 864: 742: 677:Patspatounik 563:Archishaovit 544:Andzakhidzor 518: 516: 501: 492: 477:Please help 465: 417:Kara Koyunlu 389:Seljuq Turks 380: 374: 337: 323: 305:. After the 288: 240: 231: 223: 219: 211: 207: 201: 163: 147: 146: 34:Province of 1697: / 1593:Mountainous 1449:(1920–1991) 1411:, 987–1170) 1389:, 908–1021) 1335:(1918–1920) 1311:, 884–1045) 993:Nyberg 1974 907:Mount Varag 802:Hayots Dzor 758:Mount Varag 692:Tchevashrot 663:Nakhichevan 653:Metz Aghbak 578:Artashesian 360:. In 1021, 212:vāspuhrakān 176:Middle Ages 174:during the 164:Vasbouragan 156:Վասպուրական 29:Վասպուրական 1723:Vaspurakan 1712:Categories 1699:38.8; 44.0 1655:Cappadocia 1630:Atropatene 1525:Paytakaran 1510:Vaspurakan 1395:(963–1064) 1379:(790–1486) 1309:Bagratunis 968:References 773:Karmravank 763:Naregavank 735:Varagavank 707:Varajnuniq 643:Kughanovit 613:Ervandunik 588:Atrpatunik 573:Artavanian 553:Antzevatsi 549:Antzevasiq 534:Aghvandrot 495:April 2023 429:Nader Shah 419:, Iranian 393:Ahlatshahs 334:Lake Urmia 251:Βασοροπέδα 220:vaspurakan 148:Vaspurakan 76:Artaxias I 1490:Turuberan 1425:Zakarians 1387:Artsrunis 1327:Lusignans 1323:Hethumids 1295:Artaxiads 1211:. Brill. 1189:"vāspuhr" 808:Haykaberd 769:is buried 687:Taygirian 658:Metznunik 648:Mardastan 638:Kirchunik 466:does not 405:Zakarians 381:Vasprakia 370:Sebasteia 350:Bagratids 1635:Adiabene 1500:Corduene 1485:Arzanene 1465:Ashkhars 1371:Orontids 1319:Rubenids 1299:Arsacids 1291:Orontids 1187:(1974). 1178:44774992 1146:(1907). 1096:(1979). 888:Lake Van 741:founded 697:Tornavan 682:Palouniq 668:Rshtunik 623:Gazrikan 618:Gavityan 598:Bujnunik 568:Arnoyotn 558:Arberani 529:Aghiovit 520:nakharar 427:(though 421:Safavids 397:Ayyubids 354:Ashot II 330:Lake Van 326:Ardzruni 271:Artsruni 192:Armenian 180:Lake Van 152:Armenian 1685:44°00′E 1682:38°48′N 1665:Osroene 1650:Albania 1640:Assyria 1588:Cilicia 1545:Ayrarat 1520:Artsakh 1495:Moxoene 1480:Sophene 1453:Artsakh 847:Gallery 756:, near 672:Rshtuni 628:Gokhten 603:Bogunik 487:removed 472:sources 413:Seljuks 409:Mongols 338:Kaputan 277:History 208:vāspuhr 74:•  61:History 47:Capital 1645:Iberia 1571:Second 1535:Gugark 1515:Syunik 1409:Siunis 1280:states 1215:  1176:  291:Urartu 259:Łewond 243:Strabo 236:Sebeos 184:Turkey 133:  124:Turkey 121:  95:428 AD 82:189 BC 64:  1660:Judea 1625:Syria 1603:Rocky 1598:Plain 1576:Third 1566:First 1152:[ 1134:[ 1104:[ 909:near 633:Gukan 608:Darni 593:Bagan 583:Artaz 206:word 1540:Tayk 1530:Utik 1325:and 1297:and 1213:ISBN 1174:OCLC 946:Iran 940:The 924:The 901:The 882:The 863:The 795:The 702:Tosb 539:Akeh 470:any 468:cite 399:and 332:and 315:Arab 198:Name 188:Iran 136:Iran 911:Van 481:by 435:). 51:Van 1714:: 1321:, 1293:, 1191:. 1130:. 1115:. 1100:. 1065:^ 1000:^ 415:, 411:, 395:, 265:, 261:, 249:: 238:. 158:, 154:: 1423:( 1407:( 1385:( 1369:( 1317:( 1307:( 1289:( 1262:e 1255:t 1248:v 1221:. 1048:. 1012:. 995:. 508:) 502:( 497:) 493:( 489:. 475:. 379:( 150:( 23:.

Index

Kingdom of Vaspurakan
the ancient kingdom of Armenia
Van
Artaxias I
Sassanid Empire
Turkey
Iran
Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Armenian
Western Armenian
ancient kingdom of Armenia
independent kingdom
Middle Ages
Lake Van
Turkey
Iran
Armenian
Middle Persian
Sasanian Empire
Heinrich Hübschmann
Sebeos
Strabo
Ancient Greek
Movses Khorenatsi
Łewond
Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
Tovma Artsruni
Artsruni

Urartu

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