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1395:. Vandalism per se is sometimes considered one of the less serious common crimes, but it can become quite serious and distressing when committed extensively, violently, or as an expression of hatred and intimidation. In response, local governments have adopted various legal measures to prevent vandalism, but research has shown that the conventional strategies employed by the government in response to at least unapproved graffiti are not the most effective.
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1913:('As the Vendôme column is a monument devoid of any artistic value, whose expression tends to perpetuate the ideas of war and conquest from the imperial dynasty, but that reject the sentiment of a republican nation, citizen Courbet declares that the government of National Defense should allow him to dismantle this column.)
1302:): the crime of barbarity, consisting in the extermination of racial, religious, or social collectivities, and the crime of vandalism, consisting in the destruction of cultural and artistic works of these groups. The proposal was not accepted. A figurative accusation of vandalism was applied towards the theology of
2128:
je me campronnai avec une conviction sérieuse à la valeur métaphysique de l'art, lequel ne saurait exister à cause des pauvres gens, mais doit accomplir des missions plus hautes. Mais, en dépit de mon extrême douleur, je n'étais pas en état de jeter la moindre pierre à ces profanateurs qui, pour moi,
1906:
Attendu que la colonne Vendôme est un monument dénué de toute valeur artistique, tendant à perpétuer par son expression les idées de guerre et de conquête qui étaient dans la dynastie impériale, mais que réprouve le sentiment d'une nation républicaine, émet le vœu que le gouvernement de la Défense
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himself meditated about the "fight against culture", wondering what could justify culture if it were to be destroyed in such a "senseless" manner (the arguments are: culture is justified by works of art and scientific achievements; exploitation is necessary to those achievements, leading to the
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the behaviour. Vandalism by one person can lead to imitation. Teenage boys and men in their 20s are most likely to vandalize, but older adults and females are also known to sometimes vandalize, with young children occasionally vandalizing, but in a much smaller form, such as making small crayon
1917:
Hence, painter
Courbet justified the dismantlement of the Vendôme column on political grounds, downgrading its artistic value. Vandalism poses the problem of the value of art compared to life's hardships: Courbet thought that the political values transmitted by this work of art neutralized its
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material. Although the nature of this material is temporary, its effect can be long-lasting as it may reflect both negatively and positively on the candidate whose material is being vandalized as well as on the presumed candidate whose supporters are engaging in the vandalism.
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in some inner cities has almost made it acceptable to the societies based there, so much so that it may go unnoticed, or not be removed, possibly because it may be a fruitless endeavour, to be graffitied on once again. Greed can motivate vandalism as can
1984:
Defacing could also be one of the techniques that many graphic designers use, by applying their own hand writing on a graphic itself. Sometimes the use of this technique might be mistaken as vandalism to the original work, as exemplified by the work of
1260:. The term was quickly adopted across Europe. This new use of the term was important in colouring the perception of the Vandals from later Late Antiquity, popularizing the pre-existing idea that they were a barbaric group with a taste for destruction.
2001:, where the designer wrote the title, volume number, and date with her own hand writing on the pre-print blank CD. Creative vandalism of this sort is not limited to writing and sketching. For example, the spraying on the KPIST album Golden coat for
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involves adding questionable content, removing content, or changing content in order to make it questionable, generally with the objective of harming
Knowledge's reputation. Forms of online vandalism have been recorded, the most common of which is
1963:
and similar youth-oriented venues are decorated with commissioned graffiti-style artwork, and in many others patrons are welcome to leave their own. There is still, however, a fine line between vandalism as an artform, as a
1862:
creation of exploited people who then fight against culture. In this case, culture cannot be legitimised by art achievements, and
Nietzsche writes: "I {also} know what it means: fighting against culture". After quoting him,
1450:
as means of protest, e.g. by smashing the windows of banks, shops and government institutions and setting fire to cars. This often takes place during riots but can also happen as a stand-alone event, e.g. by
1741:
Defacement is a type of vandalism that involves damaging the appearance or surface of something. The object of damage may be architecture, books, paintings, sculpture, or other forms of art.
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1918:
artistic value. His project was not followed; however, on 12 April 1871, the
Commune voted to dismantle the imperial symbol, and the column was taken down on 8 May. After the assault on the
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1549:– Teenagers spend more time away from home with peers, and whether they act constructively or destructively can depend on the contacts they make. Disobeying authority can appear
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Malicious vandalism (damage caused by a violent outpouring of diffuse frustration and rage that often occurs in public settings). Cohen's original typology was improved upon by
1267:
as destruction of monuments symbolizing "war and conquest". Therefore, it is often done as an expression of contempt, creativity, or both. Courbet's attempt, during the 1871
2124:"En sorte qu'il nous faut être bien loin de vouloir, du haut de notre sentiment de nous-mêmes, imputer le crime d'un combat contre la culture exclusivement à ces malheureux.
1520:
drawings on walls. Criminological research into vandalism has found that it serves many purposes for those who engage in it and stems from a variety of motives. Sociologist
2359:
Sutton, Mike (1987) Differential Rates of
Vandalism in a New Town: Towards A Theory of Relative Place. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, October
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Tactical vandalism (to advance some end other than acquiring money or property – such as breaking a window to be arrested and get a bed for the night in a police cell).
1232:
and
Vandals were blamed for its destruction. The Vandals may not have been any more destructive than other invaders of ancient times, but they did inspire English poet
1415:(scratching) paint, ransacking a property, flooding a house by clogging a sink and leaving the water running, and pulling up plants from the roots without permission.
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for vandalism can be particularly severe in some countries. In
Singapore, for example, a person who attempts to cause or commits an act of vandalism may be liable to
2009:
spray, which may be considered an act of vandalism, but the customer may also appreciate the unicity of each cover that had been sprayed gold in different ways.
1748:
Marking or removing the part of an object (especially images, be they on the page, in illustrative art or as a sculpture) designed to hold the viewers' attention
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activists destroying property owned by farmers, hunters, biotech companies, and research facilities and setting free animals (which is sometimes referred to as
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1360:: it is thought by some to be artistic in nature even though carried out illegally or without the property owner's permission. Examples include at least some
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1784:
1976:'s claim is that official vandalism is far worse than that perpetrated by individuals, and that he is decorating buildings of no architectural merit.
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Cybervandalism could be said to be a form of creativity and artistry. An example of this was when the
Cheltenham paint festival was cancelled due to
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2215:
1515:. Vandalism enables powerless people to attack those above them, take control and frighten others. Unpunished vandalism can provide relief which
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Actions of this kind can be ascribed to anger or envy, or to spontaneous, opportunistic behaviour, possibly for peer acceptance or bravado in
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cracked down on "quality of life crimes", including graffiti. NY Parks
Commissioner Henry J. Stern described graffiti as "a metaphor for
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In elections, opposing candidates' supporters may engage in "political vandalism"—the act of defacing opponents' political posters,
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1933:
glorified the art of vandalism in his essay "The Faith of
Graffiti", which likened tagging in New York City to the work of
1494:, and for personal gain. Opportunistic vandalism of this nature may also be filmed, the mentality of which can be akin to
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himself would meditate after the Commune on the "fight against culture", taking as example the intentional burning of the
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Though vandalism in itself is illegal, it is often also an integral part of modern popular culture. French painter
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Altering the content of web sites and publicly editable repositories to include nonsensical or whimsical references
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1240:(1694). However, the Vandals did intentionally damage statues, which may be why their name is associated with the
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on 23 May 1871. "The criminal fight against culture is only the reverse side of a criminal culture" wrote
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cultures, or disgruntlement with the target (victim) person or society. Another common motive is to seek
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In a proposal to the International Conference for Unification of Criminal Law held in Madrid in 1933,
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Private citizens commit vandalism when they willfully damage or deface the property of others or the
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Ideological vandalism (carried out to further an explicit ideological cause or deliver a message).
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n'étaient que les suppôts de la culpabilité universelle, sur laquelle il y a beaucoup à méditer!"
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whose research led him to add a seventh sub-type of vandalism – Peer Status Motivated Vandalism.
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Two billboards with the same original content, the billboard on the right being an example of
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directed towards any property without permission of the owner. The term finds its roots in an
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paint, jailing taggers and requiring hardware stores to keep spray paint under lock and key.
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writes: "The criminal fight against culture is only the reverse side of a criminal culture".
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2133:"Le combat criminel contre la culture n'est lui-même que l'envers d'une culture criminelle"
2122:, first Chapter: What is the value of culture if those who are exploited by it destroy it?
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As destruction of monument, vandalism can only have sense in a culture respecting history,
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is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.
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Ballatore, A. (2014), "Defacing the map: Cartographic vandalism in the digital commons",
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Jesus in an Age of Enlightenment: Radical Gospels from Thomas Hobbes to Thomas Jefferson
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Odling-Smee Anne (2002) the new handmade graphics: Beyond digital design. RotoVision SA
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Till Goths, and Vandals, a rude Northern race, Did all the matchless Monuments deface
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was probably one of the first artistic acts of vandalism, celebrated at least since
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2177:. Christianities in the Trans-Atlantic World. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 76.
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More serious forms of vandalism that may take place during public unrest such as
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Progression of vandalism as seen in a men's employee bathroom at a grocery store
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Examples of vandalism include salting lawns, cutting trees without permission,
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1877:. As destruction of monumental history, vandalism was assured a long life (as
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Ley, D. & Cybriwsky, R. (1974), "Urban Graffiti as Territorial Markers",
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are commonplace on clothing, and are an influence on many of the corporate
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authoritarian Empire, was one of the most celebrated events of vandalism.
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CD cover. A unique use of the defacement technique is the CD cover for
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1842:. The Vendôme column was considered a symbol of the recently deposed
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Nietzsche quoted by Klossowski pp. 29–30 French edition, who adds:
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2371:"Mayor Announces New Assault on Graffiti, Citing Its Toll on City"
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Je sais ce que cela veut dire: le combat contre la culture. (...)
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were a uniquely destructive people as they sacked Rome in 455 AD.
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2150:"Akte der Barbarei und des Vandalismus als delicta juris gentium"
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1407:, breaking windows, arson, spraying paint on others' properties,
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1216:, are associated with senseless destruction as a result of their
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envisaged the creation of two new international crimes (delicta
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nationale veuille bien l'autoriser à déboulonner cette colonne.
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1941:. New York Authorities responded by coating subway walls with
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1926:, Gustave Courbet was condemned to pay part of the expenses.
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Virtually Criminal: Crime, Deviance, and Regulation Online.
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has been called "cartographic vandalism". Certain kinds of
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Cybervandalism is vandalism on the internet. For example,
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culture, where they might be used as territorial markers.
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Vandalism on a street sign, making it read "i Swim in Poo"
2335:"Center for Problem-Oriented Policing | Biographies"
27:
Deliberate damage or defacement of an object or structure
2418:"Cheltenham Paint Festival goes virtual during lockdown"
1565:
Play vandalism (damage resulting from children's games).
1256:, to describe the destruction of artwork following the
1628:'" adding that "New York City will not be like that".
1263:
Historically, vandalism has been justified by painter
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for up to three years and may also be punished with
1459:
by opponents). Vandalism is also a common tactic of
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2436:
2309:"The Psychological View of Why Children Vandalize"
2213:
1770:led to the defacement of many religious artworks.
1391:can involve the willful destruction of public and
2635:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
1760:Damaging or chiselling off sculpted coats of arms
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1543:Acquisitive vandalism (looting and petty theft).
2164:
1524:describes seven different types of vandalism:
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2623:
2619:, London: Architectural Press, pp. 23–53
1446:In addition, activists may use the tactic of
1143:
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2258:. No. 440. 1 March 2011. Archived from
2252:"Is it OK for protesters to damage property"
2110:
2108:
1754:Splashing paint over a painting in a gallery
30:For the Knowledge policy on vandalism, see
2764:
2750:
2617:Property destruction: Motives and meanings
1576:
1411:, placing glue into locks, tire slashing,
1364:art, billboard "liberation", and possibly
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166:
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2582:
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2105:
1616:In the 1990s, former New York City mayor
1605:. Vandalism in the UK is construed as an
96:Learn how and when to remove this message
1901:. Gustave Courbet's declaration stated:
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59:This article includes a list of general
2369:Hicks, Jonathan P. (17 November 1994).
1688:without financial intent also count.
1368:. Criminal vandalism takes many forms.
14:
3570:
2517:
2144:
1507:, wish to draw attention to problems,
2745:
2449:. Library of Congress. p. 1430.
2368:
2274:"Psychological Analysis of Vandalism"
2170:
1589:—vandalizing with a political message
1498:. The large-scale prevalence of gang
2679:, Abington, UK: Taylor & Francis
2536:from the original on 21 October 2022
2446:Library of Congress subject headings
1885:could make such a claim, as well as
1757:Smashing the nose of a sculpted bust
1635:
45:
2561:
2154:Anwaltsblatt Internationales (Wien)
1562:Vindictive vandalism (for revenge).
1535:; ideological vandalism during the
378:Radium and radon in the environment
24:
2771:
2647:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1974.tb00998.x
2615:Cohen, S. (1973), Ward, C. (ed.),
2424:from the original on 21 April 2021
2315:from the original on 19 March 2015
2102:Merrills and Miles 2010, pp. 9–10.
1726:Defaced coat of arms (probably of
65:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3609:
2699:
2479:from the original on 3 March 2016
2453:from the original on 7 March 2023
2389:from the original on 9 March 2021
2280:from the original on 4 March 2016
1979:
1788:A sticker reading "The HELL with
1751:Scoring a book cover with a blade
1707:People defacing the walls of the
1631:
3362:Perverting the course of justice
2848:
2839:
2787:. Not all types are listed here.
2727:
2705:
2653:Merrills, A.; Miles, R. (2010),
2473:"La Colonne Vendôme déboulonnée"
2120:Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle
1744:Examples of defacement include:
1639:
1352:. Some vandalism may qualify as
1228:, Rome was idealized, while the
1117:
1105:
50:
3103:Intellectual property violation
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2491:
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2401:
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2337:. Popcenter.org. Archived from
2327:
2301:
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1613:(Anti-Social Behaviour Order).
1177:
198:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
2718:The Free Dictionary: Vandalism
2601:10.1179/1743277414y.0000000085
2266:
2244:
2207:
2198:
2138:
2096:
2066:
1826:'s attempt to disassemble the
1067:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
13:
1:
2732:The dictionary definition of
2499:"Fine Art, Sí, Vandalism, No"
2256:New Internationalist Magazine
2059:
1895:Destroy 2000 Years of Culture
1698:
1318:Vandalized shooting stand in
1309:
538:Electrical resistance heating
2524:D.E. Funk (7 October 2013).
2443:Library of Congress (1996).
1857:on 23 May 1871, Philosopher
1609:and may be punished with an
1418:
1191:
248:Persistent organic pollutant
172:Air pollution from a factory
7:
2626:The Psychology of Vandalism
2214:J. Scott Armstrong (1978).
2156:(in German). Archived from
2074:"Oxford English Dictionary"
2012:
1593:In view of its incivility,
1398:
10:
3614:
3128:Possessing stolen property
2723:Merriam Webster: Vandalism
1850:, and dismantled as such.
1777:
1481:
1474:, thrown into a waterway,
39:Vandalism (disambiguation)
36:
29:
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3168:
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2532:. Medium-All things art.
1853:After the burning of the
1773:
1505:some political ideologies
1291:after quoting Nietzsche.
793:War and environmental law
413:Health effects from noise
263:Volatile organic compound
3593:Organized crime activity
3224:(such as prohibition of
2695:. Retrieved 9 March 2016
2628:, New York: Plenum Press
2571:The Cartographic Journal
1728:Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc
1438:, billboards, and other
418:Marine mammals and sonar
2216:"The Graffiti Solution"
2204:Ley and Cybriwsky 1974.
2078:Oxford University Press
2005:by Sweden graphic uses
1972:-born guerrilla artist
1624:perhaps best shown in '
1577:Reaction of authorities
1275:, a symbol of the past
1184:view that the Germanic
893:Freshwater salinization
813:Agricultural wastewater
80:more precise citations.
3342:Miscarriage of justice
2624:Goldstein, A. (1996),
2171:Birch, J.C.P. (2019).
2044:Library book vandalism
1915:
1910:
1819:
1797:
1738:
1719:
1673:vandalism on Knowledge
1590:
1539:
1478:
1431:
1345:
1322:
1248:was coined in 1794 by
1205:
1112:Environment portal
142:
134:
126:
3337:Malfeasance in office
2783:Note: Crimes vary by
2675:Williams, M. (2006),
2659:John Wiley & Sons
2024:Broken windows theory
1911:
1903:
1873:: Nietzsche spoke of
1807:vandalism portraying
1803:
1787:
1725:
1706:
1584:
1530:
1469:
1426:
1328:
1317:
1199:
853:Industrial wastewater
621:Municipal solid waste
543:Soil guideline values
140:
132:
113:
3430:Cybersex trafficking
3192:Censorship violation
2714:at Wikimedia Commons
2223:The Wharton Magazine
2160:on 25 February 2021.
1838:performances during
1805:Traffic signal light
1448:property destruction
1200:The Vandals sacking
1062:Most polluted cities
714:Overhead power lines
37:For other uses, see
3222:Illegal consumption
2897:Criminal negligence
2593:2014CartJ..51..214B
2526:"Banksy the Artist"
2262:on 14 January 2021.
1966:political statement
1859:Friedrich Nietzsche
1607:environmental crime
1537:English Reformation
1531:Headless statue in
1271:, to dismantle the
1224:in 455. During the
878:Ocean acidification
788:Unexploded ordnance
709:Advertising clutter
641:Post-consumer waste
586:Foam food container
571:Biodegradable waste
228:Global distillation
32:Knowledge:Vandalism
3425:Child sexual abuse
3390:Wildlife smuggling
3380:Cruelty to animals
3169:Against the public
3001:Negligent homicide
2912:False imprisonment
2867:Against the person
2375:The New York Times
2049:Malicious mischief
1968:, and as a crime.
1899:Atari Teenage Riot
1875:monumental history
1820:
1798:
1792:" photographed in
1739:
1720:
1678:website defacement
1651:. You can help by
1626:A Clockwork Orange
1591:
1540:
1479:
1432:
1376:is common in many
1346:
1323:
1206:
1168:The term includes
1124:Ecology portal
749:Herbicidal warfare
293:Introduced species
233:Indoor air quality
203:Chlorofluorocarbon
143:
135:
127:
3565:
3564:
3548:Wikimedia Commons
3506:Inchoate offenses
3450:Indecent exposure
2942:Human trafficking
2907:Domestic violence
2710:Media related to
2668:978-1-4051-6068-1
2184:978-1-137-51276-5
2148:(November 1933).
2116:Pierre Klossowski
2029:Criminal mischief
1987:Stefan Sagmeister
1953:styles of writing
1669:
1668:
1304:Marcion of Sinope
1258:French Revolution
1160:
1159:
1095:
1094:
761:Nuclear holocaust
684:Urban heat island
498:Radioactive waste
283:Biological hazard
193:Air quality index
106:
105:
98:
16:(Redirected from
3605:
3212:Ethnic cleansing
3153:Trespass to land
3048:Arms trafficking
2858:
2853:
2852:
2843:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2731:
2709:
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2586:
2562:Other references
2555:
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2545:
2543:
2541:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2501:. Archived from
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2237:
2231:
2225:. Archived from
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2195:
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2191:
2168:
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2142:
2136:
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2103:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2080:. Archived from
2070:
2054:Vandalism of art
1989:, including his
1891:poetic terrorism
1855:Tuileries Palace
1830:during the 1871
1664:
1661:
1643:
1636:
1618:Rudolph Giuliani
1440:street marketing
1428:Armand Călinescu
1393:private property
1285:Tuileries Palace
1242:vandalism of art
1152:
1145:
1138:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1041:
1040:
744:Chemical warfare
646:Waste management
606:Industrial waste
581:Electronic waste
566:Advertising mail
548:Phytoremediation
523:Land degradation
463:Depleted uranium
348:Overillumination
298:Invasive species
170:
160:
145:
144:
101:
94:
90:
87:
81:
76:this article by
67:inline citations
54:
53:
46:
21:
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3608:
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3598:English phrases
3588:Property crimes
3568:
3567:
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3561:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3480:Sex trafficking
3406:Sexual offenses
3400:
3399:
3398:
3372:Against animals
3367:
3366:
3365:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3083:False pretenses
3027:
3026:
3025:
2989:Preterintention
2861:
2854:
2847:
2844:
2835:
2789:
2776:
2770:
2702:
2691:Chris Hammond.
2688:
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2427:
2425:
2420:. 12 May 2020.
2416:
2415:
2411:
2407:Ballatore 2014.
2406:
2402:
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2390:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2341:on 21 June 2010
2333:
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2235:
2233:
2232:on 20 June 2010
2229:
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2199:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2169:
2165:
2146:Lemkin, Raphael
2143:
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2113:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2084:on 31 July 2013
2072:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2015:
1982:
1951:, designs, and
1883:Performance art
1824:Gustave Courbet
1782:
1776:
1701:
1680:. Vandalism on
1665:
1659:
1656:
1649:needs expansion
1634:
1579:
1484:
1436:bumper stickers
1421:
1401:
1374:public property
1354:culture jamming
1312:
1265:Gustave Courbet
1254:bishop of Blois
1214:Germanic people
1194:
1170:property damage
1156:
1118:
1116:
1104:
1097:
1096:
996:
988:
987:
961:
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888:Pharmaceuticals
868:Nonpoint source
808:
798:
797:
766:Nuclear fallout
739:
729:
728:
699:
689:
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679:
669:
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659:
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636:Packaging waste
601:Hazardous waste
561:
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473:Nuclear fallout
468:Nuclear fission
448:
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331:Electromagnetic
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278:
268:
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238:Ozone depletion
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72:Please help to
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3497:
3492:
3490:Sexual slavery
3487:
3485:Sexual assault
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3257:
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3209:
3207:Hostage-taking
3204:
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2725:
2720:
2715:
2701:
2700:External links
2698:
2697:
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2682:
2681:
2672:
2667:
2650:
2641:(4): 491–505,
2630:
2621:
2612:
2577:(3): 214–224,
2565:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2547:
2530:www.Medium.com
2516:
2505:on 14 May 2011
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2014:
2011:
1981:
1980:Graphic design
1978:
1924:Adolphe Thiers
1828:Vendôme column
1775:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1700:
1697:
1667:
1666:
1646:
1644:
1633:
1632:Cybervandalism
1630:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1544:
1496:happy slapping
1483:
1480:
1420:
1417:
1400:
1397:
1343:Czech Republic
1311:
1308:
1296:Raphael Lemkin
1273:Vendôme column
1250:Henri Grégoire
1193:
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1057:Law by country
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928:Surface runoff
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828:Eutrophication
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783:Scorched earth
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2877:Assassination
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2747:
2744:
2738:at Wiktionary
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2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1931:Norman Mailer
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:Paris Commune
1914:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:Second Empire
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:Paris Commune
1829:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1791:
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1771:
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1714:
1710:
1709:Golconda Fort
1705:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1663:
1654:
1650:
1647:This section
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1583:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1547:Peer pressure
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:Ely Cathedral
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:Stanley Cohen
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1472:Shopping cart
1468:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:eco-terrorism
1454:
1453:animal rights
1449:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1380:as part of a
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:passenger car
1332:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:juris gentium
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:Paris Commune
1266:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:Enlightenment
1223:
1219:
1215:
1212:, an ancient
1211:
1203:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1182:Enlightenment
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1043:
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1037:
1034:
1032:
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1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
992:
991:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
957:
956:
949:
946:
944:
943:Water quality
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
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891:
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869:
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864:
861:
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854:
851:
849:
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841:
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834:
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826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
807:
802:
801:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
762:
759:
755:
752:
751:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
738:
733:
732:
725:
722:
720:
719:Traffic signs
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
698:
693:
692:
685:
682:
681:
678:
673:
672:
665:
662:
661:
655:
654:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Nanomaterials
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
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572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
557:
556:
549:
546:
544:
541:
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536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
512:
507:
506:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
488:Radioactivity
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
447:
442:
441:
434:
433:Soundproofing
431:
429:
428:Noise control
426:
424:
423:Noise barrier
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
402:
397:
396:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
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371:
370:
364:
363:
356:
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349:
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340:
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327:
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309:
308:
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264:
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201:
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189:
186:
185:
182:
177:
176:
169:
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161:
156:
155:
151:
147:
146:
139:
131:
125:
121:
117:
112:
108:
100:
97:
89:
86:November 2020
79:
75:
69:
68:
62:
57:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3530:Solicitation
3465:Prostitution
3455:Masturbation
3286:Lèse-majesté
3275:Against the
3073:Embezzlement
2962:Manslaughter
2947:Intimidation
2785:jurisdiction
2782:
2734:
2686:Bibliography
2676:
2654:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2574:
2570:
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2529:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:the original
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2445:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2412:
2403:
2391:. Retrieved
2374:
2364:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:the original
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2303:
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2268:
2260:the original
2255:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2227:the original
2222:
2209:
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2173:
2166:
2158:the original
2153:
2140:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2082:the original
2068:
1999:Jean Touitou
1983:
1947:
1939:Rauschenberg
1928:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1890:
1874:
1868:
1852:
1848:Napoleon III
1821:
1766:
1743:
1740:
1732:Santa Venera
1690:
1670:
1657:
1653:adding to it
1648:
1615:
1599:imprisonment
1592:
1587:subvertising
1485:
1445:
1433:
1412:
1405:egg throwing
1402:
1386:
1378:inner cities
1366:crop circles
1347:
1293:
1277:Napoleon III
1262:
1245:
1237:
1218:sack of Rome
1207:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1031:Point source
976:Heavy metals
938:Urban runoff
923:Sulfur water
898:Septic tanks
754:Agent Orange
723:
664:Space debris
518:Agricultural
383:Volcanic ash
243:Particulates
107:
92:
83:
64:
43:
3435:Fornication
3352:Obstruction
3332:Compounding
3157:Vandalism,
3143:Tax evasion
2892:Child abuse
2806:Misdemeanor
2655:The Vandals
2457:17 November
2345:10 December
2298:Cohen 1973.
2003:MNW Records
1879:Herostratus
1840:World War I
1622:urban decay
1570:Mike Sutton
1509:frustration
1476:Netherlands
1461:black blocs
1329:Vandalized
1244:. The term
1234:John Dryden
1220:under King
1001:Area source
843:Groundwater
596:Green waste
576:Brown waste
560:Solid waste
318:Information
213:Exhaust gas
114:Vandalised
78:introducing
3572:Categories
3543:WikiSource
3525:Incitement
3520:Conspiracy
3395:Bestiality
3347:Misprision
3311:Subversion
3265:War crimes
3260:Usurpation
3187:Corruption
3068:Cybercrime
2952:Kidnapping
2932:Hate crime
2922:Harassment
2902:Defamation
2856:Law portal
2831:Corruption
2821:Indictable
2801:Infraction
2540:21 October
2509:29 October
2236:23 January
2060:References
2039:Latrinalia
2034:Iconoclasm
1961:skateparks
1871:archeology
1864:Klossowski
1778:See also:
1768:Iconoclasm
1699:Defacement
1660:April 2024
1595:punishment
1517:reinforces
1310:As a crime
1289:Klossowski
1246:Vandalisme
1236:to write,
1178:defacement
1172:, such as
1088:By country
1080:Categories
971:Pollutants
948:Wastewater
918:Stagnation
863:Monitoring
838:Freshwater
704:Air travel
591:Food waste
533:Defecation
343:Ecological
276:Biological
208:Combustion
148:Part of a
61:references
3578:Vandalism
3553:Wikiquote
3495:Voyeurism
3475:Pederasty
3460:Obscenity
3301:Secession
3296:Espionage
3255:Terrorism
3217:Smuggling
3138:Smuggling
3078:Extortion
3053:Blackmail
2966:corporate
2772:Types of
2735:vandalism
2712:Vandalism
2584:1404.3341
2383:0362-4331
1929:In 1974,
1887:Hakim Bey
1881:proved):
1713:Hyderabad
1492:attention
1470:A broken
1419:Political
1358:sniggling
1333:inside a
1281:Nietzsche
1204:in 455 AD
1192:Etymology
1163:Vandalism
1016:Garbology
933:Turbidity
883:Oil spill
833:Firewater
818:Biosolids
724:Vandalism
483:Poisoning
478:Plutonium
453:Actinides
446:Radiation
188:Acid rain
159:Pollution
18:Vandalize
3558:Wikinews
3415:Adultery
3385:Poaching
3321:Against
3306:Sedition
3250:Regicide
3202:Genocide
3177:Apostasy
3159:Mischief
3098:Gambling
3063:Burglary
3034:property
3032:Against
3016:Stabbing
3011:Stalking
2994:Homicide
2957:Menacing
2937:Homicide
2534:Archived
2483:4 August
2477:Archived
2451:Archived
2428:21 April
2422:Archived
2387:Archived
2319:29 March
2313:Archived
2284:29 March
2278:Archived
2088:25 April
2013:See also
1991:Lou Reed
1817:Colombia
1809:cannabis
1794:Michigan
1780:Graffiti
1693:COVID-19
1682:web maps
1500:graffiti
1399:Examples
1370:Graffiti
1362:graffiti
1222:Genseric
1174:graffiti
1072:Treaties
1052:Diseases
908:Shipping
873:Nutrient
823:Diseases
388:Wildfire
3515:Attempt
3357:Perjury
3323:justice
3291:Treason
3234:smoking
3230:alcohol
3197:Dueling
3182:Begging
3133:Robbery
3113:Looting
3108:Larceny
3088:Forgery
3058:Bribery
3021:Torture
3006:Robbery
2964: (
2917:Frameup
2887:Battery
2882:Assault
2816:Summary
2794:Classes
2609:1828882
2589:Bibcode
2190:20 June
1970:Bristol
1959:. Many
1796:in 1973
1686:malware
1513:boredom
1482:Motives
1409:tagging
1389:rioting
1350:commons
1341:in the
1320:Germany
1210:Vandals
1186:Vandals
966:History
848:Hypoxia
677:Thermal
631:Plastic
493:Uranium
367:Natural
312:Digital
288:Genetic
124:Hamburg
120:bicycle
74:improve
3583:Crimes
3445:Incest
3420:Bigamy
3245:Piracy
3232:, and
3118:Payola
2982:felony
2977:Murder
2972:Mayhem
2826:Hybrid
2811:Felony
2665:
2607:
2381:
2181:
1995:A.P.C.
1974:Banksy
1943:Teflon
1935:Giotto
1813:Bogotá
1774:As art
1603:caning
1413:keying
1026:Midden
1021:Legacy
1006:Debris
960:Topics
913:Sludge
903:Sewage
858:Marine
697:Visual
616:Mining
611:Litter
150:series
116:facade
63:, but
3277:state
3226:drugs
3148:Theft
3093:Fraud
3043:Arson
2774:crime
2605:S2CID
2579:arXiv
2393:8 May
2230:(PDF)
2219:(PDF)
2019:Abuse
1957:logos
1897:from
1790:SHELL
1736:Malta
1730:) in
1717:India
1339:train
1337:on a
1230:Goths
1044:Lists
1036:Waste
981:Paint
806:Water
658:Space
401:Noise
373:Ozone
338:Light
3470:Rape
2693:Bank
2663:ISBN
2542:2022
2511:2008
2485:2007
2459:2012
2430:2021
2395:2018
2379:ISSN
2347:2012
2321:2015
2286:2015
2238:2012
2192:2023
2179:ISBN
2114:See
2090:2015
2007:gold
1949:Tags
1937:and
1836:Dada
1611:ASBO
1551:cool
1488:gang
1382:gang
1331:seat
1208:The
1202:Rome
1176:and
1011:Dust
995:Misc
511:Soil
258:Soot
253:Smog
218:Haze
118:and
2643:doi
2597:doi
1997:by
1922:by
1893:or
1889:'s
1846:of
1811:in
1711:in
1655:.
1372:on
1356:or
737:War
181:Air
122:in
3574::
3228:,
2661:,
2657:,
2639:64
2637:,
2603:,
2595:,
2587:,
2575:51
2573:,
2528:.
2385:.
2377:.
2373:.
2311:.
2276:.
2254:.
2221:.
2152:.
2118:,
2107:^
2076:.
1815:,
1734:,
1715:,
1306:.
1252:,
152:on
3236:)
2968:)
2765:e
2758:t
2751:v
2645::
2599::
2591::
2581::
2544:.
2513:.
2487:.
2461:.
2432:.
2397:.
2349:.
2323:.
2288:.
2240:.
2194:.
2092:.
1662:)
1658:(
1553:.
1463:.
1151:e
1144:t
1137:v
99:)
93:(
88:)
84:(
70:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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