863:". According to Greek statistics, in 1923 Anavrytia (Vrastino), Kastro, Kyrakali, and Pigadtisa were inhabited exclusively by Moslems (i.e Valaades), while Elatos (Dovrani), Doxaros (Boura), Kalamitsi, Felli, and Melissi (Plessia) were inhabited by Moslem Valaades and Christian Kupatshari. There were also Valaades living in Grevena, as also in other villages to the north and east of the town. ..."Valaades" refers to Greek-speaking Moslems not only of the Grevena area but also of Anaselitsa. In 1924, despite even their own objections, the last of the Valaades being Moslems, were forced to leave Greece under the terms of the compulsory exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey. Until then they had been almost entirely Greek-speakers. Many of the descendants of the Valaades of Anaseltisa, now scattered through Turkey and particularly Eastern Thrace (in such towns as Kumburgaz, Büyükçekmece, and Çatalca), still speak Greek dialect of Western Macedonia, which, significantly, they themselves call
214:
859:. Zitros. p. 198. "In the mid-seventeenth century, the inhabitants of many of the villages in the upper Aliakmon valley-in the areas of Grevena, Anaselitsa or Voio, and Kastoria— gradually converted to Islam. Among them were a number of Kupatshari, who continued to speak Greek, however, and to observe many of their old Christian customs. The Islamicised Greek-speaking inhabitants of these areas came to be better known as "Valaades". They were also called "Foutsides", while to the Vlachs of the Grevena area they were also known as "
693:, p. 80: "‘Patriyot’ Latin ve Yunan dillerinde “Vatansever” anlamına gelmektedir. Hint Avrupai dillerde baba anlamına gelen ‘peder,’ ‘father,’ ‘patris’ kelimeleri ile akraba… ve diğer Avrupa dillerine de Latince’ den geçmiştir. ... Patriyotlar mübadele çerçevesinde Yunanistan’daki Makedonya bölgesinden göçmüş Rum olup, Osmanlı devrinde İslam’a girip, Müslümanlığı seçen, köken olarak Türk olmayıp Rum kökenlilere verilen bir isimdir. Bazı bölgelerde ise “Rum delikanlısı” anlamına gelen “Rumyöz” de kullanılmaktadır."
20:
293:. However, those "Turks" are identified as Vallahades from the names of their villages mentioned by Pouqueville. A credible mid 19th c. source is the Greek B. Nikolaides who visited the area and interviewed local Vallahades and recorded oral traditions about their origins, customs etc. His work was published in French in 1859. They are also described by the Greek author and traveller B.D. Zotos Molossos in 1887.
892:. 15. (76): 86. "Accenni alla loro religiosità popolare mistiforme "completano" questo quadro, ridotto, sulla trasmissione culturale di un popolo illetterato ormai scornparso: emigrati in Asia minore dalla fine del secolo scorso, e ancora soggetti allo scambio delle popolazioni del 1923, i "Vallahades", o meglio i loro discendenti, sono ormai pienamente assimilati agli ambienti turchi di Turchia."
325:
Vallahades spoke and the surnames they bore, the
Christian traditions they preserved reflected Greek rather than Slavic, Albanian, or Vlach characteristics, while the names for geographical features like mountains and streams in the locality of the Vallahades' villages were also overwhelmingly in the Greek rather than Slavic, Vlach, or Albanian languages.
867:"the language of the Romii". It is worth noting the recent research carried out by Kemal Yalçin, which puts a human face on the fate of 120 or so families from Anavryta and Kastro, who were involved in the exchange of populations. They set sail from Thessaloniki for Izmir, and from there settled en bloc in the village of Honaz near Denizli."
879:, p. 80: "Bu kelime, Trakya'nın Büyükçekmece'den Tekirdağ'a kadar uzanan Marmara kıyılarına yakın yerleşim yerlerinde, hatta Çorlu, Lüleburgaz ve Edirne'nin bazı köyleri de olmak üzere bir kısım mübadilin etnik ya da kültürel adı olarak kullanılır. ... Trakya içlerine, Anadolu'da Manisa ve Samsun gibi şehirlere de dağılmışlardır."
324:
However, most historians are in agreement with
Hasluck, Vakalopoulos, and other modern historians that the Vallahades were indeed of mainly Greek origin. As evidence these scholars cite the fact that as well as the absence of significant Slavic, Vlach, or Albanian elements in the Greek dialect the
253:
However, historians believe it more likely that the
Vallahades adopted Islam during periods of Ottoman pressures on landowners in western Macedonia following a succession of historical events that influenced Ottoman government policy towards Greek community leaders in the area. These events ranged
356:
often noted the many religious and cultural differences between local
Muslims of Greek origin on the one hand and those of Turkish origin on the other, generally characterizing the Greek Vallahades' outlook, way of life, attitude to women, and even house design as more "European", "open", and
328:
Scholars who accept the evidence for the Greek ethnic origin of the
Vallahades also point out that Ottoman-era Muslims converts of even part Albanian origin will very quickly have been absorbed into the wider Albanian Muslim community, the most significant in western Macedonia and neighboring
392:
sufficient in-itself to entail a forfeiture of Greek-ness. The fact that the
Vallahades had retained their Greek language and identity set them apart from other Greek Muslims as something of an anomaly and so made them of particular interest to foreign travelers, academics, and officials.
641:Η ονομασία Βαλαάδες προερχόταν από τον τουρκικό όρκο Βαλαχί = μα τον Θεό, ήταν όμως γνωστοί και με την ονομασία Φούτσιδες από το παραφθαρμένο ελληνικό φούτσι μ' = αδελφούτσι μου, ενώ τα επώνυμά τους έδειχναν ελληνική καταγωγή, π.χ. Χασάν Μπιμπράδης, Μεχμέτ Δήμου.
402:
their village leaders traditionally bore now carried by "simple" peasants. Nevertheless, the
Vallahades were still considered to be relatively wealthy and industrious peasants for their part of Macedonia, which is why their prospective inclusion in the
430:
The
Vallahades' preservation of their Greek language and culture and adherence to forms of Islam that lay on the fringes of mainstream Ottoman Sunni Islam explains other traits they became noted for, such as the use of an un-canonical call to prayer
320:
origin but had come to speak Greek as their first language because that was the main language used by most people of
Christian Orthodox origin in southwestern Macedonia and was also the language later promoted for official use by Ali Pasha.
411:. In addition to continuing to speak Greek as their first language, the Vallahades also continued to respect their Greek and Orthodox Christian heritage and churches. This also partly explains why most Vallahades probably belonged to the
447:(leading some visitors to southwestern Macedonia to jump to the mistaken conclusion that the Vallahades had no mosques at all), and their relative ignorance of even the fundamental practices and beliefs of their Muslim religion.
775:... Paris 1859. vol. 2, p. 216 -. c) B.D. Zotos Molossos, Epirotic Macedonian Studies (Gr. Β.Δ. Ζώτος Μολοσσός, Ηπειρωτικαί μακεδονικαί μελέται), vol. 4, part 3. Athens 1887, p. 253, 254, passim. In Greek.
250:) in the late 17th century who were originally recruited from the same part of southwestern Macedonia and then sent back to the area by the sultan to proselytize among the Greek Christians living there.
368:'s statistics there was 14,373 Greeks Muslims in southwestern Macedonia at the end of the 19th century. According to Greek statistics from 1904, however, there were at least 16,070 Vallahades in the
300:, with whom they shared the same Greek Macedonian dialect, surnames, and even knowledge of common relatives. De Jong has shown how the frequent Vallahades self-reference to their identity as
233:
who probably converted to Islam gradually and in several stages between the 16th and 19th centuries. The
Vallahades themselves attributed their conversion to the activities of two Greek
840:
458:, who in contrast had adopted the Turkish language and identity. Consequently, pressure from the local military, the press, and the incoming Greek Orthodox refugees from
87:, the Vallahades retained many aspects of their Greek culture and continued to speak Greek for both private and public purposes. Most other Greek converts to Islam from
396:
By the early 20th century the Vallahades had lost much of the status and wealth they had enjoyed in the earlier Ottoman period, with the hereditary Ottoman title of
1696:
941:
Victor A. Friedman, "The Vlah Minority in Macedonia: Language, Identity, Dialectology, and Standardization", pp. 26–50 in Juhani Nuoluoto, Martti Leiwo,
888:
Kappler, Matthias (1996). "Fra religione e lingua/grafia nei Balcani: i musulmani grecofoni (XVIII-XIX sec.) e un dizionario rimato ottomano-greco di Creta."
361:
origin were considered as more "Asiatic", "closed", and "uninviting", adjectives that clearly reflected 18th and 19th century European tastes and biases.
1023:
821:Васил Кънчов. Македония. Етнография и статистика, София 1900, с. 283-290 (Vasil Kanchov. "Macedonia. Ethnography and statistics. Sofia, 1900, p.283-290).
423:, pre-Islamic Turkish, and Greek/Balkan Christian elements, and so particularly favoured by Ottoman Muslim converts of southern Albanian and northern
439:) in their village mosques that was itself actually in Greek rather than Arabic, their worship in mosques which did not have minarets and doubled as
1019:
579:
467:
404:
353:
337:, while the descendants of Muslim converts of Bulgarian speech and origin had other groups with which they naturally identified, such as the
1711:
703:
1015:
450:
Despite their relative ignorance of Islam and Turkish, the Vallahades were still considered by Christian Orthodox Greeks to have become
1065:
193:, this is improbable, as the Vallahades were always Greek-speaking with no detectable Vlach influences. In Turkish they are known as
346:
634:
308:. However, De Jong questioned whether they were of pure Greek origin, suggesting that they were probably of mixed Greek,
930:
Frederick de Jong, "The Greek Speaking Muslims of Macedonia: Reflections on Conversion and Ethnicity", pp. 141–148
802:
On these groups see Hugh Poulton, 'The Balkans: minorities and states in conflict', Minority Rights Publications, 1991.
760:
771:
He refers to a) F. Pouqueville, Voyage de la Grece, 2nd ed. 1826, vol. 3, p. 74-, v. 2, p. 509, 515. b) Nicolaidy B.,
289:, who visited the area in early 19th c. He doesn't mention them as "Vallahades" and he confuses them with Turks from
1701:
1033:
Apostolos Vakalopulos. The Vallahades of Western Macedonia, in: History of Macedonia 1354-1833, Thessaloniki 1973
1058:
962:
121:
509:). As of 2003, there were still many Vallahades who were able to speak the Greek language, which they called
71:. They numbered about 17,000 in the early 20th century. They are a frequently referred-to community of late-
1663:
811:
See Hasluk and Vakalopoulos for further observations and references to earlier European traveler accounts.
266:, the period of Albanian dominance in Macedonia called by Greeks the 'Albanokratia', and the policies of
226:
1589:
1542:
957:
1706:
1293:
1051:
520:
who settled in Greek Macedonia following the population exchanges were generally fluent in Turkish.
1132:
751:
See De Jong, 'The Greek-speaking Muslims of Macedonia', and Vakalopoulos, 'A History of Macedonia'.
241:
100:
793:
See Hasluk, 'Christianity and Islam under the Sultans' and Vakalopoulos, 'A History of Macedonia'.
1259:
1244:
1087:
286:
1716:
1139:
998:
Kentsel tasarım çalışmalarına ilişkin mega projeler ve sosyo-kültürel etkileri: Yeniköy örneği
535:, but they have renamed it a cabbage/greens/leek cake and do not leave a piece for the saint.
213:
1154:
267:
296:
The culture of the Vallahades did not differ much from that of the local Christian Orthodox
1653:
1027:
831:Κωνσταντίνος Σπανός. "Η απογραφή του Σαντζακίου των Σερβίων", in: "Ελιμειακά", 48-49, 2001.
569:
478:
8:
1001:
981:
Speros Vryonis, 'Religious Changes and Patterns in the Balkans, 14th-16th Centuries', in
376:. The disparity and unreliability of such statistics is partly due to the fact that most
352:
In any event, Hasluk and other travelers to southwestern Greek Macedonia before the 1923
1037:
652:
1628:
1537:
1520:
1463:
88:
938:
Utrecht: Institut voor Oosterse Talen en Culturen, 1992. (cited by Friedman, not seen)
513:, and have become completely assimilated into the Turkish Muslim mainstream as Turks.
1643:
1579:
1532:
1199:
990:
630:
532:
524:
384:, since Greek identity was (and still is) seen as inseparable from membership of the
297:
255:
1026:, recorded in Turkey by Thede Kahl & Andreea Pascaru (2016); retrieved from the
1648:
1438:
1331:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1122:
1510:
1423:
1413:
1408:
1356:
1336:
1264:
1127:
942:
624:
559:
455:
271:
230:
116:
64:
60:
1032:
1623:
1616:
1599:
1481:
1443:
1346:
1321:
1234:
1204:
1187:
1164:
1100:
1040:. Video, Vallahades in Turkey speaking Greek, 1998 (The 2nd of the two videos).
574:
544:
424:
385:
334:
80:
72:
44:
32:
1690:
1606:
1584:
1403:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1351:
1341:
1276:
1149:
1112:
554:
549:
377:
365:
218:
84:
820:
490:
1675:
1668:
1448:
1433:
1418:
1326:
1311:
1271:
1224:
1192:
1172:
947:
University of Chicago Selected Papers in Slavic, Balkan, and Balkan Studies
517:
259:
52:
19:
1453:
1373:
1366:
1316:
1283:
761:
TSOURKAS Constantinos, "Songs of Vallahades" (Gr. Τραγούδια Βαλλαχάδων),
474:
416:
263:
170:
978:
F. W. Hasluck, 'Christianity and Islam under the Sultans', Oxford, 1929.
843:
by Elisabeth Kontogiorgi. Published 2006. Oxford University Press; p.199
1638:
1471:
1398:
1306:
973:
528:
459:
420:
681:
email from researcher Souli Tsetlaka to Stavros Macrakis, July 2, 2007
626:Εθνολογική σύνθεση της Μακεδονίας (Αρχαιότητα, Μεσαίωνας, Νέοι χρόνοι)
610:
See Hasluck, 'Christianity and Islam under the Sultans', Oxford, 1929.
482:
1594:
1489:
1209:
1095:
742:
The story is given in full in Vakalopoulos, 'A History of Macedonia'.
419:
owing to its libertine and heterogeneous nature, combining extremist
317:
234:
103:
and culture and thereby assimilated into mainstream Ottoman society.
56:
1549:
1043:
663:
In N. Sarantakos "Two texts on Vallahades", July 14, 2014. In Greek.
523:
Even after their deportation, the Vallahades continued to celebrate
1574:
1361:
1182:
1107:
463:
440:
412:
358:
275:
486:
1633:
1569:
1527:
1428:
1378:
1301:
1214:
1177:
373:
342:
68:
531:, generally considered to be a Christian custom associated with
1658:
1229:
1219:
1144:
564:
506:
502:
494:
408:
338:
330:
290:
279:
246:
189:
96:
92:
454:
just like the descendants of Greek converts in other parts of
1515:
1505:
1117:
936:
De Turcicis Aliisque Rebus: Commentarii Henry Hofman dedicati
733:
See De Jong (1992) 'The Greek-speaking Muslims of Macedonia'.
498:
369:
309:
76:
313:
166:
991:"6.1. 1924 Mübâdilleri Ve Etnik Bir Grup Olan Patriyotlar"
398:
927:
Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1989. (cited by Friedman, not seen)
217:
Ethnographic map of Macedonia (1892). Those defined as
1038:
N. Sarantakos "Two texts on Vallahades", July 14, 2014
183:'noon'. Though some Western travelers speculated that
704:"Folk songs – Turkey: Vallahades (Valahades) variety"
169:, uneducated and not knowing much Turkish, announced
1028:
VLACH commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
285:
The first who is thought to describe Vallahades was
258:
of 1768–74, and especially the repercussions of the
784:
De Jong, 'The Greek-speaking Muslims of Macedonia'.
606:
604:
415:dervish order, considered heretical by mainstream
225:The Vallahades were descendants of Greek-speaking
1688:
923:Peter Alford Andrews, Rüdiger Benninghaus, eds.
466:meant the Vallahades were not exempted from the
1697:People from the Ottoman Empire of Greek descent
672:Gustav Weigand, Alan Wace, and Maurice Thompson
601:
380:of Macedonia will simply have been defined as
1059:
983:Aspects of the Balkans: Continuity and Change
468:Population exchange between Greece and Turkey
405:population exchange between Greece and Turkey
354:population exchange between Greece and Turkey
200:
194:
851:
849:
729:
727:
725:
723:
155:'my brother'. They were pejoratively called
956:). Helsinki: University of Helsinki. 2001.
282:in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
174:
156:
146:
136:
126:
1066:
1052:
965:, "The Basil-Cake of the Greek New Year",
846:
720:
657:of the journal "Hellas" (Κ. Τσιτσελίκης,
473:The Vallahades resettled particularly in
357:"inviting", while those of the Turks of
212:
18:
925:Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey
622:
83:, and unlike most other communities of
1689:
841:Population Exchange in Greek Macedonia
773:Les Turks et la Turquie contamporaine,
208:
1073:
1047:
988:
876:
690:
145:, which is a corruption of the Greek
55:population who lived along the river
1016:Collection of Vallahades' folk songs
1004:. pp. 79–81. Docket 0341110033.
618:
616:
1712:Ethnic groups in Macedonia (region)
857:The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora
629:(in Greek). ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΣ. p. 176.
516:In contrast to the Vallahades, the
13:
364:According to Bulgarian geographer
125:'by God'. They were also known as
14:
1728:
1009:
769:), 2, 461-471. In Greek language.
613:
304:was simply used as a synonym for
497:), but also in Asia Minor (e.g.
372:of Anaselitsa (Lyapchishta) and
270:, who governed areas of western
16:Greek-speaking Muslim population
904:
901:Andrews, 1989, p. 103; Friedman
895:
882:
870:
834:
825:
814:
805:
796:
787:
778:
754:
745:
736:
407:was opposed by the governor of
696:
684:
675:
666:
646:
592:
1:
917:
623:Mintsis, Georgios I. (1997).
187:is connected to the ethnonym
23:Vallahades in Vrostiani, 1923
1664:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
855:Koukoudis, Asterios (2003).
580:The 1923 Population Exchange
7:
538:
227:Eastern Orthodox Christians
10:
1733:
661:περιοδικού "Ελλάς"), 1908.
1562:
1498:
1480:
1462:
1292:
1163:
1086:
1079:
934:Hendrik Boeschoten, ed.,
175:
157:
147:
137:
127:
48:
36:
585:
101:Ottoman Turkish language
1702:Ethnic groups in Greece
1000:(Thesis) (in Turkish).
972::2:143 (June 30, 1927)
120:
106:
222:
201:
199:'patriots'; sometimes
195:
99:generally adopted the
24:
388:church and therefore
268:Ali Pasha of Ioannina
216:
173:by shouting in Greek
67:(modern Neapoli) and
53:Greek-speaking Muslim
22:
989:Çınar, Elif (2017).
951:Slavica Helsingiensa
570:Western Thrace Turks
287:François Pouqueville
79:, because, like the
1002:Istanbul University
963:Margaret M. Hasluck
278:as well as most of
221:are shown in yellow
209:History and culture
119:Islamic expression
1543:in the Netherlands
1133:in the Netherlands
985:(The Hague: 1972).
229:from southwestern
223:
25:
1684:
1683:
1644:Megleno-Romanians
1558:
1557:
1074:Muslims in Europe
655:Hemerologion 1909
636:978-960-7290-52-6
477:(e.g. Kumburgaz,
462:and northeastern
298:Greek Macedonians
256:Russo-Turkish War
205:'Greek' is used.
1724:
1707:Greeks in Turkey
1260:Western Thracian
1084:
1083:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1005:
995:
911:
908:
902:
899:
893:
886:
880:
874:
868:
853:
844:
838:
832:
829:
823:
818:
812:
809:
803:
800:
794:
791:
785:
782:
776:
758:
752:
749:
743:
740:
734:
731:
718:
717:
715:
714:
700:
694:
688:
682:
679:
673:
670:
664:
659:Ημερολόγιον 1909
653:Κ. Tsitselikis,
650:
644:
643:
620:
611:
608:
599:
596:
390:becoming Turkish
204:
198:
178:
177:
165:, because their
160:
159:
150:
149:
140:
139:
130:
129:
63:, in and around
50:
38:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1554:
1494:
1476:
1458:
1294:North Caucasian
1288:
1200:Dobrujan Tatars
1159:
1075:
1072:
1012:
993:
943:Jussi Halla-aho
920:
915:
914:
909:
905:
900:
896:
890:Oriente Moderno
887:
883:
875:
871:
854:
847:
839:
835:
830:
826:
819:
815:
810:
806:
801:
797:
792:
788:
783:
779:
759:
755:
750:
746:
741:
737:
732:
721:
712:
710:
702:
701:
697:
689:
685:
680:
676:
671:
667:
651:
647:
637:
621:
614:
609:
602:
597:
593:
588:
560:Caucasus Greeks
541:
456:Greek Macedonia
272:Greek Macedonia
242:Ottoman Turkish
231:Greek Macedonia
211:
117:Ottoman Turkish
115:comes from the
109:
61:Greek Macedonia
17:
12:
11:
5:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1205:Finnish Tatars
1202:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1188:Crimean Tatars
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1101:Cham Albanians
1092:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1030:
1011:
1010:External links
1008:
1007:
1006:
986:
979:
976:
960:
939:
928:
919:
916:
913:
912:
903:
894:
881:
869:
845:
833:
824:
813:
804:
795:
786:
777:
753:
744:
735:
719:
708:www.oeaw.ac.at
695:
683:
674:
665:
645:
635:
612:
600:
590:
589:
587:
584:
583:
582:
577:
575:Cham Albanians
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
545:Cretan Muslims
540:
537:
525:New Year's Day
425:Greek Orthodox
386:Greek Orthodox
335:Cham Albanians
210:
207:
153:adelfoútsi mou
148:αδελφούτσι μου
108:
105:
81:Cretan Muslims
73:Ottoman Empire
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1729:
1718:
1717:Greek Muslims
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:Mishar Tatars
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1088:Indo-European
1085:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1003:
999:
992:
987:
984:
980:
977:
975:
971:
968:
964:
961:
959:
955:
952:
948:
944:
940:
937:
933:
929:
926:
922:
921:
910:Hasluck, 1927
907:
898:
891:
885:
878:
873:
866:
862:
858:
852:
850:
842:
837:
828:
822:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
774:
770:
768:
764:
757:
748:
739:
730:
728:
726:
724:
709:
705:
699:
692:
687:
678:
669:
662:
660:
656:
649:
642:
638:
632:
628:
627:
619:
617:
607:
605:
598:Haslett, 1927
595:
591:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
555:Pontic Greeks
553:
551:
550:Greek Muslims
548:
546:
543:
542:
536:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
428:
426:
422:
418:
417:Sunni Muslims
414:
410:
406:
401:
400:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Greek Muslims
375:
371:
367:
366:Vasil Kanchov
362:
360:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
326:
322:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
251:
249:
248:
243:
239:
236:
232:
228:
220:
219:Greek Muslims
215:
206:
203:
197:
192:
191:
186:
182:
172:
168:
164:
154:
144:
134:
124:
123:
118:
114:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:Greek Muslims
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:in southwest
58:
54:
46:
42:
34:
30:
21:
1669:Crimean Roma
1611:
1272:Volga Tatars
1225:Lipka Tatars
1193:Crimean Roma
1173:Azerbaijanis
997:
982:
969:
966:
953:
950:
946:
935:
931:
924:
906:
897:
889:
884:
872:
864:
860:
856:
836:
827:
816:
807:
798:
789:
780:
772:
766:
762:
756:
747:
738:
711:. Retrieved
707:
698:
686:
677:
668:
658:
654:
648:
640:
625:
594:
522:
518:Karamanlides
515:
510:
479:Büyükçekmece
472:
470:of 1922–23.
451:
449:
444:
436:
432:
429:
397:
395:
389:
381:
363:
351:
327:
323:
305:
301:
295:
284:
260:Orlov Revolt
252:
245:
237:
224:
188:
184:
180:
162:
152:
142:
132:
112:
110:
75:converts to
40:
28:
26:
1374:Circassians
533:Saint Basil
475:East Thrace
264:Peloponnese
196:Patriyotlar
171:noon prayer
163:Mesimérides
158:Μεσημέρηδες
1691:Categories
1639:Pakistanis
1629:Macedonian
1612:Vallahades
1538:in Belgium
1464:Kartvelian
1439:Tabasarans
1307:Abkhazians
1255:Meskhetian
1245:Dodecanese
1123:in Germany
1024:narratives
1020:folk tales
918:References
877:Çınar 2017
767:Μακεδονικά
763:Makedonika
713:2021-12-28
691:Çınar 2017
529:Vasilopita
491:Lüleburgaz
460:Asia Minor
443:lodges or
333:being the
185:Vallahades
113:Vallahades
65:Anaselitsa
29:Vallahades
1649:Ossetians
1634:Maghrebis
1624:Hemshenis
1595:Adjarians
1590:Georgians
1580:Bulgarian
1533:in France
1511:in Europe
1490:Besermyan
1414:Khwarshis
1409:Khinalugs
1357:Chamalals
1337:Bagvalals
1210:Karachays
1128:in France
1096:Albanians
958:full text
359:Anatolian
254:from the
238:sergeants
235:Janissary
138:φούτσι μ'
133:Foútsides
128:Φούτσιδες
111:The name
89:Macedonia
57:Haliacmon
37:Βαλαχάδες
1600:Ingiloys
1575:Bengalis
1563:Minority
1521:in Spain
1444:Tsakhurs
1362:Chechens
1322:Akhvakhs
1183:Bashkirs
1108:Bosniaks
1080:Majority
967:Folklore
945:, eds.,
861:Vlăhútsi
539:See also
464:Anatolia
441:Bektashi
427:origin.
413:Bektashi
318:Albanian
276:Thessaly
181:Mesiméri
176:Μεσημέρι
143:foútsi m
51:) are a
49:Βαλαάδες
41:Valaades
1570:Afghans
1528:Berbers
1429:Lezgins
1379:Dargins
1347:Botlikh
1302:Abazins
1240:Cypriot
1215:Kazakhs
1178:Balkars
1140:Muslims
865:Romeïka
527:with a
511:Romeïka
483:Çatalca
452:Turkish
421:Shi'ite
374:Grevena
343:Torbesh
306:Muslims
262:in the
135:; from
122:vallâhi
69:Grevena
1659:Arlije
1654:Romani
1617:Cretan
1585:Croats
1550:Dönmeh
1482:Uralic
1449:Tindis
1434:Rutuls
1404:Karata
1394:Ingush
1389:Hunzib
1384:Hinukh
1352:Budukh
1342:Bezhta
1327:Archis
1312:Aghuls
1284:Yörüks
1250:German
1230:Nogais
1220:Kumyks
1165:Turkic
1150:Talysh
1145:Pomaks
1113:Gorani
633:
565:Pomaks
507:Samsun
505:, and
503:Manisa
495:Edirne
493:, and
445:tekkes
409:Kozani
347:Poturs
345:, and
339:Pomaks
331:Epirus
316:, and
291:Vardar
280:Epirus
202:Rumyöz
97:Epirus
95:, and
93:Thrace
1676:Serbs
1607:Greek
1516:Moors
1506:Arabs
1499:Other
1419:Kryts
1367:Kists
1332:Avars
1317:Andis
1265:Other
1235:Turks
1118:Kurds
994:(PDF)
974:JSTOR
765:(Gr.
586:Notes
499:Honaz
487:Çorlu
433:adhan
382:Turks
370:kazas
310:Vlach
302:Turks
247:çavuş
190:Vlach
167:imams
77:Islam
45:Greek
39:) or
33:Greek
1454:Tsez
1424:Laks
1399:Jeks
1155:Tats
1022:and
631:ISBN
437:ezan
314:Slav
274:and
107:Name
27:The
1472:Laz
435:or
399:Bey
1693::
1018:,
996:.
970:38
954:21
932:in
848:^
722:^
706:.
639:.
615:^
603:^
501:,
489:,
485:,
481:,
349:.
341:,
312:,
244::
179:,
161:,
151:,
141:,
131:,
91:,
47::
35::
1067:e
1060:t
1053:v
949:(
716:.
431:(
240:(
43:(
31:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)