1358:
as a centre of gravity balance and attachment point for a variety of equipment sets. A rigid towbar with a pitch pivot at the forward end connected the flying tank to the Me 262. The operational procedure for this unusual configuration saw the tank resting on a wheeled trolley for take-off. The trolley was dropped once the combination was airborne, and explosive bolts separated the towbar from the fighter upon exhaustion of the tank's fuel supply. A number of test flights were conducted in 1944 with this set-up, but inflight "porpoising" of the tank, with the instability transferred to the fighter, meant that the system was too unreliable to be used. An identical utilisation of the V-1 flying tank for the Ar 234 bomber was also investigated, with the same conclusions reached. Some of the "flying fuel tanks" used in trials utilised a cumbersome fixed and spatted undercarriage arrangement, which (along with being pointless) merely increased the drag and stability problems already inherent in the design.
812:
1126:
63:
1880:
963:, the WR 2.3 Schlitzrohrschleuder consisted of a small gas generator trailer, where the T-Stoff and Z-Stoff combined, generating high-pressure steam that was fed into a tube within the launch rail box. A piston in the tube, connected underneath the missile, was propelled forward by the steam. It is a common misconception that the steam launch was to allow the engine to start running but the real reason was that the Argus had insufficient power to propel the V1 to a speed above its extremely high stall speed. The launch rail was 49 m (160 ft) long, consisting of eight modular sections, each 6 m (20 ft) long, and a muzzle brake. Production of the Walter catapult began in January 1944.
1219:
coast, descend to an exceptionally low altitude. When the launch point was neared, the bombers would swiftly ascend, fire their V-1s, and then rapidly descend again to the previous "wave-top" level for the return flight. Research after the war estimated a 40% failure rate of air-launched V-1s, and the He 111s used in this role were vulnerable to night-fighter attack, as the launch lit up the area around the aircraft for several seconds. The combat potential of air-launched V-1s dwindled during 1944 at about the same rate as that of the ground-launched missiles, as the
British gradually took the measure of the weapon and developed increasingly effective defence tactics.
1470:
1685:
2871:
1962:
2963:
1367:
but the most obvious solution was to extend the missile's range. Thus, the F-1 version developed. The weapon's fuel tank was increased in size, with a corresponding reduction in the capacity of the warhead. Additionally, the nose cones and wings of the F-1 models were made of wood, affording a considerable weight saving. With these modifications, the V-1 could be fired at London and nearby urban centres from prospective ground sites in the
Netherlands. Frantic efforts were made to construct a sufficient number of F-1s in order to allow a large-scale bombardment campaign to coincide with the
2513:
1371:, but numerous factors (bombing of the factories producing the missiles, shortages of steel and rail transport, the chaotic tactical situation Germany was facing at this point in the war, etc.) delayed the delivery of these long-range V-1s until February/March 1945. Beginning on 2 March 1945, slightly more than three weeks before the V-1 campaign finally ended, several hundred F-1s were launched at Britain from Dutch sites under Operation "Zeppelin". Frustrated by increasing Allied dominance in the air, Germany also employed V-1s to attack the RAF's forward airfields, such as
1169:
4720:
4889:
1343:, but in reverse) atop the aircraft. In the latter configuration, a pilot-controlled, hydraulically operated dorsal trapeze mechanism would elevate the missile on the trapeze's launch cradle about 2.4 m (8 ft) clear of the 234's upper fuselage. This was necessary to avoid damaging the mother craft's fuselage and tail surfaces when the pulsejet ignited, as well as to ensure a "clean" airflow for the Argus motor's intake. A somewhat less ambitious project undertaken was the adaptation of the missile as a "flying fuel tank"
1771:
4672:
4391:
3902:
1317:
2844:
2642:
1038:
729:
927:
1078:
1233:
2432:
2599:
2546:
1620:
867:, but the government decided instead to use the missile against London. Some flying bombs were equipped with a basic radio transmitter operating in the range of 340–450 kHz. Once over the channel, the radio would be switched on by the vane counter, and a 120-metre (400 ft) aerial deployed. A coded Morse signal, unique to each V-1 site, transmitted the route, and impact zone calculated once the radio stopped transmitting.
475:. On one occasion, several Finnish soldiers saw a German plane launch what they described as a bomb shaped like a small, winged aircraft. The flight and impact of another prototype was seen by Finnish frontline soldiers; they noted that its engine stopped suddenly, causing the V-1 to descend sharply, and explode on impact, leaving a crater 20–30 metres (66–98 ft) wide. These V-1s became known to Finnish soldiers as "
1911:). If the Germans had been supplied these data, they would have been able to adjust their aim and correct any shortfall. However, the double agents would have been endangered because there was no plausible reason why they could not supply accurate data; the impacts would be common knowledge amongst Londoners and very likely reported in the press, which the Germans had ready access to through the neutral nations. As
673:
878:. Before launch, it was set to count backwards from a value that would reach zero upon arrival at the target in the prevailing wind conditions. As the missile flew, the airflow turned the propeller, and every 30 rotations of the propeller counted down one number on the odometer. This odometer triggered the arming of the warhead after about 60 km (37 mi). When the count reached zero, two
2027:
967:
800:
1308:
gain valuable flying experience. Reichenburg III was to be the operational piloted version of the V1, fitted with the amatol warhead in the nose. The front windscreen had 75 mm (3.0 in) thick bullet-proof glass for pilot protection. The V1 pilot's kit consisted of parachute, helmet and life vest. A small case contained two small flares in a waterproof container.
1712:. Early attempts to intercept and destroy V-1s often failed, but improved techniques soon emerged. These included using the airflow over an interceptor's wing to raise one wing of the V-1, by sliding the wingtip to within 6 in (15 cm) of the lower surface of the V-1's wing. If properly executed, this manoeuvre would tip the V-1's wing up, over-riding the
1697:
operations rooms at
Horsham and Maidstone, and vectored fighters direct from the ROC's plotting tables. The critics who had said that the Corps would be unable to handle the fast-flying jet aircraft were answered when these aircraft on their first operation were actually controlled entirely by using ROC information both on the coast and at inland.
1000:. The Stellungsystem locations included distinctive catapult walls pointed towards London, several J-shaped stowage buildings referred to as "ski" buildings as on aerial reconnaissance photographs the buildings looked like a ski on its side, and a compass correction building which was constructed without ferrous metal. In the spring of 1944,
764:, connected to altitude and ram pressure instruments, controlled fuel flow. Schmidt's spring-controlled flap valve system provided an efficient straight path for incoming air. The flaps momentarily closed after each explosion, the resultant gas compressed in the venturi chamber, and its tapered portion accelerated the exhaust gases creating
2007:. 7,500 incoming missiles were observed by the British defenders of which 1,847 were downed by fighters, 1,878 were destroyed by anti aircraft fire and 232 struck barrage balloons. 2,419 V-1s reached the London civil defence region, inflicting 6,184 fatalities and 17,981 serious injuries. On the 28 March the last V-1 reached London.
914:, 52A+ high-grade, blast-effective explosive with three fuses. An electrical fuse could be triggered by nose or belly impact. Another fuse was a slow-acting mechanical fuse allowing deeper penetration into the ground, regardless of the altitude. The third fuse was a delayed action fuse, set to go off two hours after launch.
1978:
the radio transmitters, as he had been assured that the agents were completely reliable. It was later calculated that if
Wachtel had disregarded the agents' reports and relied on the radio data, he would have made the correct adjustments to the V-1's guidance, and casualties might have increased by 50 per cent or more.
655:. Then on Christmas Eve, the V-1 flew 900 m (1,000 yd), for about a minute, after a ground launch. On 26 May 1943 Germany decided to put both the V-1 and the V-2 into production. In July 1943 the V-1 flew 245 kilometres (152 mi) and impacted within a kilometre (1,100 yards) of its target.
1977:
Max
Wachtel, commander of Flak Regiment 155 (W), which was responsible for the V-1 offensive, compared the data gathered by the transmitters with the reports obtained through the double agents. He concluded, when faced with the discrepancy between the two sets of data, that there must be a fault with
1582:
These electronic aids arrived in quantity from June 1944, just as the guns reached their firing positions on the coast. Seventeen per cent of all flying bombs entering the coastal "gun belt" were destroyed by guns in their first week on the coast. This rose to 60 per cent by 23 August and 74 per cent
1680:
assured the committee that the ROC could again rise to the occasion and prove its alertness and flexibility. He oversaw plans for handling the new threat, codenamed by the RAF and ROC as "Operation Totter", which included a proposal whereby ROC posts would fire 'Snowflake' illuminating rocket flares
1366:
One variant of the basic Fi 103 design did see operational use. The progressive loss of French launch sites as 1944 proceeded and the area of territory under German control shrank meant that soon the V-1 would lack the range to hit targets in
England. Air launching was one alternative utilised,
1357:
bomber. The pulsejet, internal systems and warhead of the missile were removed, leaving only the wings and basic fuselage, now containing a single large fuel tank. A small cylindrical module, similar in shape to a finless dart, was placed atop the vertical stabiliser at the rear of the tank, acting
1015:
Once near the launch ramp, the wing spar and wings were attached and the missile was slid off the loading trolley, Zubringerwagen, onto the launch ramp. The ramp catapult was powered by the
Dampferzeuger trolley. The pulse-jet engine was started by the Anlassgerät, which provided compressed air for
894:
device cut off the control hoses to the rudder servo, setting the rudder in neutral. These actions put the V-1 into a steep dive. While this was originally intended to be a power dive, in practice the dive caused the fuel flow to cease, which stopped the engine. The sudden silence after the buzzing
2200:
The statistics of this report, however, have been the subject of some dispute. The V-1 missiles launched from bombers were often prone to exploding prematurely, occasionally resulting in the loss of the aircraft to which they were attached. The
Luftwaffe lost 77 aircraft in 1,200 of these sorties.
1218:
the opportunity to outflank the increasingly effective ground and air defences put up by the
British against the missile. To minimise the associated risks (primarily radar detection), the aircrews developed a tactic called "lo-hi-lo": the He 111s would, upon leaving their airbases and crossing the
917:
The purpose of the third fuse was to avoid the risk of this secret weapon being examined by the
British. Its time delay was too short to be a useful booby trap but was instead meant to destroy the weapon if a soft landing had not triggered the impact fuses. These fusing systems were very reliable,
1926:
While the British decided how to react, Pujol played for time. On 18 June it was decided that the double agents would report the damage caused by V-1s fairly accurately and minimise the effect they had on civilian morale. It was also decided that Pujol should avoid giving the times of impacts and
1700:
The average speed of V-1s was 550 km/h (340 mph) and their average altitude was 1,000 m (3,300 ft) to 1,200 m (3,900 ft). Fighter aircraft required excellent low altitude performance to intercept them and enough firepower to ensure that they were destroyed in the air
1307:
Three different versions of the piloted FZG-76 were produced. The Reichenburg I was a one or two-seat unpowered glider intended for use as a training glider for pilot training. Reichenburg II was a single-seat FZG-76 fitted with a pulse jet power plant. A skid was fitted for dead stick landing to
1045:
Mass production of the FZG-76 did not start until the spring of 1944, and FR 155(W) was not equipped until late May 1944. Operation Eisbär, the missile attacks on London, commenced on 12 June. However, the four launch battalions could only operate from the Pas-de-Calais area, amounting to only 72
974:
The Walter catapult accelerated the V-1 to a launch speed of 320 km/h (200 mph), well above the needed minimum operational speed of 240 km/h (150 mph). The V-1 made British landfall at 550 km/h (340 mph), but accelerated to 640 km/h (400 mph) by the time it
2268:
was called "Antwerp-X" and given the object of protecting an area with a radius of 6,400 m (7,000 yd) covering the city and dock area. Initially attacks came from the south-east, accordingly a screen of observers and searchlights was deployed along the attack azimuth, behind which were
2343:
never left the design stage, but technical drawings and notes suggest that several versions were considered: an air-launched version with the engine under the fuselage, a ground-launched version that could take off without a ramp and a submarine launched version with the engine moved forwards.
1946:
who pretended to have agents reporting from London. He told the Germans that London had been devastated and had been mostly evacuated as a result of enormous casualties. The Germans could not perform aerial reconnaissance of London and believed his damage reports in preference to Pujol's. They
982:
decided on launching the V-1, using the Walter catapult, in both large launch bunkers, called Wasserwerk, and lighter installations, called the Stellungsystem. The Wasserwerk bunker measured 215 m (705 ft) long, 36 m (118 ft) wide, and 10 m (33 ft) high. Four were
1528:
mobile gun could not cope with the altitude and speed of the V-1. However, the static version of the QF 3.7-inch, designed for a permanent concrete platform, had a faster traverse. The cost and delay of installing new permanent platforms for the guns was fortunately found to be unnecessary, a
1696:
identified the very first of these weapons and within seconds of their report the anti-aircraft defences were in action. This new weapon gave the ROC much additional work both at posts and operations rooms. Eventually RAF controllers actually took their radio equipment to the two closest ROC
1520:
On the first night of sustained bombardment, the anti-aircraft crews around Croydon were jubilant—suddenly they were downing unprecedented numbers of German bombers; most of their targets burst into flames and fell when their engines cut out. There was great disappointment when the truth was
1133:
The conventional launch sites could theoretically launch about 15 V-1s per day, but this rate was difficult to achieve on a consistent basis; the maximum rate achieved was 18. Overall, only about 25% of the V-1s hit their targets, the majority being lost because of a combination of defensive
2236:
began in October 1944, with the last V-1 launched against Antwerp on 30 March 1945. The shorter range improved the accuracy of the V-1 which was 10 km (5 nmi) deviation per 160 km (85 nmi) of flight, the flight level was also reduced to around 900 m (3,000 ft).
1024:
spark plug was only needed to start the engine, while residual flame ignited further mixtures of gasoline and air, and the engine would be at full power after 7 seconds. The catapult would then accelerate the bomb above its stall speed of 320 km/h (200 mph), ensuring sufficient
1783:
Mosquito night fighter on the night of 14/15 June 1944. As daylight grew stronger after the night attack, a Spitfire was seen to follow closely behind a V-1 over Chislehurst and Lewisham. Between June and 5 September 1944, a handful of 150 Wing Tempests shot down 638 flying bombs, with
1521:
announced. Anti-aircraft gunners soon found that such small fast-moving targets were, in fact, very difficult to hit. The cruising altitude of the V-1, between 600 and 900 m (2,000 and 3,000 ft), meant that anti-aircraft guns could not traverse fast enough to hit the missile.
1456:, which could not attain the stated range of 210 kilometres (130 miles). However, they later considered other types of engine, and by the time German scientists had achieved the needed accuracy to deploy the V-1 as a weapon, British intelligence had a very accurate assessment of it.
1296:. After release, the pilot would start the pulse jet engine, select a target, set the controls then bail out. The chance of survival were considered very small, yet many pilots volunteered. Possibly 175 of these piloted V1s were converted at Darmesbury after initial development by
1731:
were also pressed into service against the V-1s; they had boosted engines (2,100 kW or 2,800 hp) and had half their .50 calibre (12.7 mm) machine guns and half their fuel tanks, all external fittings and all their armour plate removed to reduce weight. In addition,
2489:(CVEs) and long-range 4-engine reconnaissance aircraft. Waterproof carriers for the KGW-1 were developed for launches of the missile from surfaced submarines. Both the USAAF JB-2 and Navy KGW-1 were put into production and were planned to be used in the Allied invasion of Japan (
2294:
The radar was effective from 26,000 m (28,000 yd), the M9 director predicted the target location position based on course, height and speed which combined with the gun, shell and fuse characteristics predicted an impact position, adjusted each gun and fired the shell.
698:. The simple, Argus-built pulsejet engine pulsed 50 times per second, and the characteristic buzzing sound gave rise to the colloquial names "buzz bomb" or "doodlebug" (a common name for a wide variety of flying insects). It was known briefly in Germany (on Hitler's orders) as
1701:(ideally, also from a sufficient distance, to avoid being damaged by the strong blast) rather than the V-1 crashing to earth and detonating. Most aircraft were too slow to catch a V-1 unless they had a height advantage, allowing them to gain speed by diving on their target.
1304:. When Hitler banned the use of the piloted V1, most converted models were scrapped. However, a few were captured by the Allied Technical Air Intelligence crews in Germany. At least one was sent to England, and two, possibly three, were sent to the US for inspection.
1981:
The policy of diverting V-1 impacts away from central London was initially controversial. The War Cabinet refused to authorise a measure that would increase casualties in any area, even if it reduced casualties elsewhere by greater amounts. It was thought that
1605:
were deployed, in the hope that V-1s would be destroyed when they struck the balloons' tethering cables. The leading edges of the V-1's wings were fitted with Kuto cable cutters, and fewer than 300 V-1s are known to have been brought down by barrage balloons.
1050:. None of the nine missiles launched on the 12th reached England, while only four did so on the 13th. The next attempt to start the attack occurred on the night of 15/16 June, when 144 missiles reached England, of which 73 struck London, while 53 struck
775:
known as the Tornado, in which a boat loaded with a 700 kg (1,543 lb) warhead was steered towards a target ship either by remote control or by a pilot who would leap out of the back at the last moment. The Tornado was assembled from surplus
2219:
of the United States Army Air Forces was concerned that this weapon would make his long-range bombers less important, since they were much cheaper and could be built of steel and wood, in 2,000 man-hours and approximate cost of US$ 600 (in 1943).
1778:
In daylight, V-1 chases were chaotic and often unsuccessful until a special defence zone was declared between London and the coast, in which only the fastest fighters were permitted. The first interception of a V-1 was by F/L J. G. Musgrave with a
991:
region. Stellungsystem-II, with 32 sites, was to act as a reserve unit. Stellungsystem-I and II had nine batteries manned by February 1944. Stellungsystem-III, operated by FR 255(W), was to be organized in the spring of 1944, and located between
1153:. These measures were so successful that by August 1944 about 80% of V-1s were being destroyed The Meteors suffered from frequent cannon failures, and accounted for only 13 V-1s destroyed.) In all, about 1,000 V-1s were destroyed by aircraft.
1258:
when she was asked to find out why test pilots were unable to land it and had died as a result. She discovered, after simulated landing attempts at high altitude, where there was air space to recover, that the craft had an extremely high
1156:
The intended operational altitude was originally set at 2,750 m (9,000 ft), but repeated failures of a barometric fuel-pressure regulator led to the operational height being halved in May 1944, bringing V-1s into range of the
1134:
measures, mechanical unreliability or guidance errors. With the capture or destruction of the launch facilities used to attack England, the V-1s were employed in attacks against strategic points in Belgium, primarily the port of
2493:). However, the surrender of Japan obviated the need for its use. After the end of the war, the JB-2/KGW-1 played a significant role in the development of more advanced surface-to-surface tactical missile systems such as the
835:
in Berlin to regulate altitude and airspeed. A pair of gyroscopes controlled yaw and pitch, while azimuth was maintained by a magnetic compass. Altitude was maintained by a barometric device. Two spherical tanks contained
2002:
The use of land-launched V-1s against Great Britain ended on 1 September after which the campaign continued using air-launched missiles. In total, 10,492 V-1s were launched against Britain, with a nominal aiming point of
1843:
aircraft. Flying at an altitude of 100 ft (30 m) over the North Sea at night, it directed Mosquito and Beaufighters charged with intercepting He 111s from Dutch airbases that sought to launch V-1s from the air.
1593:: "It was the proximity fuse which made possible the 100 per cent successes that A.A. Command was obtaining regularly in the early months of last year...American scientists...gave us the final answer to the flying bomb."
847:
The magnetic compass was located near the front of the V-1, within a wooden sphere. Shortly before launch, the V-1 was suspended inside the Compass Swinging Building (Richthaus). There the compass was corrected for
433:. At peak, more than one hundred V-1s a day were fired at southeast England, 9,521 in total, decreasing in number as sites were overrun until October 1944, when the last V-1 site in range of Britain was overrun by
1747:
were tuned to make them fast enough. At night airborne radar was not needed, as the V-1 engine could be heard from 10 mi (16 km) away or more and the exhaust plume was visible from a long distance.
2478: in) wider and the length was extended less than 0.6 m (2 ft). The difference gave the JB-2 5.64 m (60.7 sq ft) of wing area versus 5.1 m (55 sq ft) for the V-1.
1819:
The next most successful interceptors were the Mosquito (623 victories), Spitfire XIV (303), and Mustang (232). All other types combined added 158. Even though it was not fully operational, the jet-powered
4894:
4892:
1766:
for V-1 sightings). Attacking a V-1 was dangerous: machine guns had little effect on the V-1's sheet steel structure, and if a cannon shell detonated the warhead, the explosion could destroy the attacker.
2953:
A V-1 replica is displayed at The Muckleburgh Collection near Weybourne in Norfolk. According to the collection's website, the replica is displayed on a section of the original Peenemunde launch ramp.
1583:
in the last week of the month, when on one day 82 per cent were shot down. The rate improved from thousands of shells for every one V-1 destroyed to 100 for each. This mostly ended the V-1 threat. As
1403:, which delivered a comparable payload. Approximately 10,000 were fired at England; 2,419 reached London, killing about 6,184 people and injuring 17,981. The greatest density of hits was received by
1436:
target apparatus" helped to hide the nature of the device, and some time passed before references to FZG 76 were linked to the V-83 pilotless aircraft (an experimental V-1) that had crashed on
2244:
was recognised by both the German and Allied high commands as a very important port. It was essential logistically for the further progression of Allied armies into Germany, although initially
1263:, and the previous pilots with little high-speed experience had attempted their approaches much too slowly. Her recommendation of much higher landing speeds was then introduced in training new
8837:
898:
Initially, V-1s landed within a circle 31 km (19 mi) in diameter, but by the end of the war, accuracy had been improved to about 11 km (7 mi), which was comparable to the
2397:, with further launches from ground sites and from aircraft of improved versions continuing into the late 1940s. The inaccuracy of the guidance system when compared with new methods such as
2015:
Unlike the V-2, the V-1 was a cost-effective weapon for the Germans as it forced the Allies to spend heavily on defensive measures and divert bombers from other targets. More than 25% of
987:, Wasserwerk Valognes, and Wasserwerk Cherbourg. Stellungsystem-I was to be operated by Flak Regiment 155(W), with 4 launch battalions, each having 4 launchers, and located in the
464:, and fighter aircraft, to intercept the bombs before they reached their targets, while the launch sites and underground storage depots became targets for Allied attacks including
3223:
this code name refers to the idea of spitting cherry stones and successively improving the hit accuracy by monitoring the impact points, also by reports of local spies in London.
1755:
had the 20 mm cannon on his Tempest adjusted to converge at 300 yd (270 m) ahead. This was so successful that all other aircraft in 150 Wing were thus modified.
3870:
3727:
2302:
brought from Paris. Additional radar units and observers were deployed up to 40 miles from Antwerp to give early warning of V-1 bombs approaching. The introduction of the
2023:
wrote a paper that strongly demonstrated the cost-effectiveness for the Germans of the V-1 when compared with conventional bombers. The following is a table he produced:
1895:) was requested by his German controllers to give information on the sites and times of V-1 impacts, with similar requests made to the other German agents in Britain,
3010:
has a V-1 display which consists of a post-war "hybrid" of German-machined and American parts. In particular, it has a JB-2 Loon-style forward engine support fairing.
1069:
forced a retreat from the French launch sites in August, with the last battalion leaving on 29 August. Operation Donnerschlag began from Germany on 21 October 1944.
2731:. Although this was intended as a V-2 launch site the museum on the site has a display devoted to the V-1, including a V-1 cruise missile and an entire launch ramp.
2452:
The United States reverse-engineered the V-1 in 1944 from salvaged parts recovered in England during June. By 8 September, the first of thirteen complete prototype
1744:
1288:
It had the appearance of a standard V1 with the addition of cockpit, ailerons, landing skids and flight instruments. The pilot would have been airlifted by either
1212:. Apart from the obvious motive of permitting the bombardment campaign to continue after static ground sites on the French coast were lost, air launching gave the
1004:
Schmalschläger had developed a more simplified launching site, called Einsatz Stellungen. Less conspicuous, 80 launch sites and 16 support sites were located from
583:
on 5 June 1942, the specifications included a range of 300 km (186 miles), a speed of 700 km/h (435 mph), and capable of delivering a 500-kilogram (
441:
and at other targets in Belgium, launching a further 2,448 V-1s. The attacks stopped only a month before the war in Europe ended, when the last launch site in the
8505:
8416:
1012:. Each site took only two weeks to construct, using 40 men, and the Walter catapult only took 7–8 days to erect, when the time was ready to make it operational.
9050:
8911:
5058:
1986:
would reverse this decision later (he was then away at a conference); but the delay in starting the reports to Germans might be fatal to the deception. So Sir
6032:
5939:
1927:
should mostly report on those which occurred in the northwest of London, to give the impression to the Germans that they were overshooting the target area.
4514:
1723:
The Tempest fleet was built up to over 100 aircraft by September, and during the short summer nights the Tempests shared defensive duty with twin-engined
756:
forced gasoline from the 640 L (140 imp gal; 170 US gal) fuel tank through the fuel jets which consisted of three banks of three
8365:
6758:
1186:
The trial versions of the V-1 were air-launched. Most operational V-1s were launched from static sites on land, but from July 1944 to January 1945, the
9212:
1709:
8827:
8695:
8573:
8549:
8515:
8127:
4356:
2778:, displays a restored Fieseler 103 A1, launched on 13 June from Pont-Montauban base and crashed in the mud without exploding after flying 10 km.
1804:) destroyed 44 (with a further nine shared), W/C Roland Beamont destroyed 31, and F/Lt Arthur Umbers (No. 3 squadron) destroyed 28. A Dutch pilot in
1716:
and sending the V-1 into an out-of-control dive. At least sixteen V-1s were destroyed this way (the first by a P-51 piloted by Major R. E. Turner of
639:, State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Aviation and Inspector General of the Air force, awarded Argus the contract for the engine, Fieseler the
545:, a remote-controlled aircraft carrying a payload of one ton, that could return to base after releasing its bomb. Argus worked in co-operation with
9182:
8906:
8480:
8465:
8142:
8118:
7686:
7539:
1452:
on V-1 construction and a place of development (PeenemĂĽnde). Initially, British experts were sceptical of the V-1 because they had considered only
1178:
Heinkel He 111 H-22. This version could carry FZG 76 (V1) flying bombs, but only a few aircraft were produced in 1944. Some were used by bomb wing
8871:
8425:
7361:
7214:
7068:
1969:
A certain number of the V-1s fired had been fitted with radio transmitters, which had clearly demonstrated a tendency for the V-1 to fall short.
2264:) and US Army anti-aircraft batteries (30th AAA Group) were sent to Antwerp together with a searchlight regiment. The zone of command under the
9207:
8981:
7711:
1919:, commented, "If, for example, St Paul's Cathedral were hit, it was useless and harmful to report that the bomb had descended upon a cinema in
1399:
Almost 30,000 V-1s were made; by March 1944 they were each produced in 350 hours (including 120 for the autopilot), at a cost of just 4% of a
557:
declined to award them a development contract. In 1940, Schmidt and Argus began cooperating, integrating Schmidt's shutter system with Argus'
9202:
9177:
6533:
3108:
8167:
811:
6027:
6022:
5993:
2408:
The Soviets also worked on a piloted attack aircraft based on the Argus pulsejet engine of the V-1, which began as a German project, the
1297:
5667:
1517:
coast. The deployments were prompted by changes to the approach tracks of the V-1 as launch sites were overrun by the Allies' advance.
6720:
816:
771:
Beginning in January 1941, the V-1's pulsejet engine was also tested on a variety of craft, including automobiles and an experimental
9025:
9010:
8618:
1530:
3884:
3839:
3741:
6470:
832:
760:. These nine atomizing nozzles were in front of the air inlet valve system where it mixed with air before entering the chamber. A
9232:
6751:
5002:
4164:
2764:
2742:. Disabled by Allied bombing in December 1943, before completion. Remains of blockhouses, with recreated launch ramp and mock V1.
2019:'s bombs in July and August 1944 were used against V-weapon sites, often ineffectively. In early December 1944, American General
1994:
took responsibility for starting the deception programme immediately, and his action was approved by Churchill when he returned.
784:
fashion. Ultimately insufficient Argus 014 pulse-jets were available as all production was allocated to the V-1 missile program.
9144:
Note: Official RLM designations had the prefix "8-", but this was usually dropped and replaced with the manufacturer's prefix.
5288:
2641:
1868:
To adjust and correct settings in the V-1 guidance system, the Germans needed to know where the V-1s were impacting. Therefore,
1537:
and rails was found to be adequate for the static guns, making them considerably easier to re-deploy as the V-1 threat changed.
5954:
1335:
jet bomber to launch V-1s either by towing them aloft or by launching them from a "piggy back" position (in the manner of the
9227:
9217:
6263:
5913:
5902:
5884:
5866:
5848:
5789:
5740:
5721:
5702:
5656:
5638:
5620:
5601:
5564:
5543:
5516:
5455:
5432:
5414:
5376:
5336:
5315:
5279:
5231:
4139:
4041:
3599:
2857:
A restored original V-1 is on display, as well as one of only six worldwide remaining original Reichenberg (Re 4–27), at the
2215:
was being delivered by early 1945. After the end of the war in Europe it was in consideration for use against Japan. General
960:
4186:
9187:
3113:
2329:
conducted a joint study of the feasibility of mounting a similar engine on a piloted plane. The resulting design was named
2298:
In November attacks began from the north-east and additional batteries were deployed along the new azimuths, including the
6317:
5348:
V1-"Eifelschreck", Abschüsse, Abstürze und Einschläge der fliegenden Bombe aus der Eifel und dem Rechtsrheinischen 1944/45
5032:
3805:
Kloeppel, Major Kirk M., The Military Utility of German Rocketry During World War II, Air Command and Staff College, 1997.
1704:
When V-1 attacks began in mid-June 1944, the only aircraft with the low-altitude speed to be effective against it was the
1125:
9162:
6166:
5950:
Fi-103/V-1 "Buzz Bomb", from the Luftwaffe Resource Center website, hosted by The Warbirds Resource Group; with 42 photos
4305:
2299:
2291:(94 mm) and two radar units, preferably the US SCR-584 with M9 director as it was more accurate than the British system.
2309:
From October 1944 to March 1945, 4,883 V-1s were detected. Of these, only 4.5% fell into the designated protected area.
62:
9192:
6744:
4495:
4017:
2826:
1840:
6300:
429:
The Wehrmacht first launched the V-1s against London on 13 June 1944, one week after (and prompted by) the successful
399:
6771:
5826:
5807:
5759:
5582:
5491:
5473:
5395:
5355:
2585:
1659:
6725:
3098:
2563:
1637:
1879:
9222:
6767:
6581:
6268:
5986:
3199:
2655:
1440:
in the Baltic and to reports from agents of a flying bomb capable of being used against London. Importantly, the
1158:
5945:
The V-Weapons, from Marshall Stelzriede's Wartime Story website with June 1944 UK/US news reports on V-1 attacks
3351:
7608:
6591:
2567:
2382:
1641:
1243:
1108:, from under a Focke-Wulf Fw 200. The first powered trial was on 10 December, launched from beneath an He 111.
17:
7064:
2739:
1947:
thought that the Allies would make every effort to destroy the V-1 launch sites in France. They also accepted
1118:("65th Army Corps for special deployment) formed during the last days of November 1943 in France commanded by
1046:
launchers. They had been supplied with missiles, Walter catapults, fuel, and other associated equipment since
418:"Cherry Stone". Due to its limited range, the thousands of V-1 missiles launched into England were fired from
8961:
7803:
6613:
6436:
5103:
2985:
2945:
2634:
6392:
3476:
2724:
1828:
to fight the V-1s. It had ample speed but its cannons were prone to jamming, and it shot down only 13 V-1s.
931:
8157:
7632:
7623:
7618:
7440:
6232:
6098:
3082:
3035:
2925:
2820:
2668:
2461:
1805:
5960:
Swedish site (in English) with text and many details of the V-1 cruise missile and its supporting hardware
4364:
8976:
8739:
8735:
8725:
8530:
8393:
8389:
8379:
8079:
8070:
8015:
7896:
7594:
7467:
6639:
2897:
2460:. The United States JB-2 was different from the German V-1 in only the smallest of dimensions, with only
2031:
1733:
651:, and the first flight of the Fi 103 V7 took place on 10 December 1942, when it was airdropped by a
7133:
6736:
5782:
The Flying Bomb War -Contemporary Eyewitness Accounts of the German V1 and V2 Raids On Britain 1942–1945
1469:
572:
sketched out the design of an aircraft with the pulse-jet above the tail, the basis for the future V-1.
9197:
9167:
8763:
7985:
7901:
7887:
7798:
7794:
7045:
6237:
6227:
5979:
3148:
3039:
2326:
2261:
1789:
1112:
419:
8303:
7733:
6703:
6644:
6443:
6312:
5962:
3024:
2322:
2016:
1836:
1576:
1545:
1449:
1281:
864:
558:
4426:
2870:
2318:
8019:
6576:
6523:
6431:
4949:
Now in the #WarMuseum Lobby: a V-1 Flying Bomb – Fi103 R-IV "Reichenberg" collected by #FarleyMowat
3067:
3046:
1684:
1482:
1441:
1420:
9005:
5125:
2977:
FZG-76 is on display as a war memorial at the southwest corner of the Putnam County Courthouse in
9065:
7934:
6954:
6477:
6412:
6377:
6159:
5368:
12 Seconds of Silence: How a Team of Inventors, Tinkerers, and Spies Took Down a Nazi Superweapon
5085:
4989:
4844:
4267:
2749:
2613:
2556:
1961:
1630:
1505:
to attacks from the east. In September 1944 a new linear defence line was formed on the coast of
1419:
For Allied intelligence activities and German counterintelligence regarding the flying bomb, see
1279:
s were air-launched rather than fired from a catapult ramp, as erroneously portrayed in the film
488:
326:
8956:
8902:
8350:
8288:
8248:
8243:
8204:
8176:
8152:
7751:
7746:
7738:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7311:
7147:
7040:
6465:
6422:
6103:
6048:
5777:
2890:
2373:
bomber. More than 400 were produced, some of which were exported to the UK, Sweden, and Italy.
1991:
1857:
1717:
1270:
434:
6242:
5508:
3486:
2962:
2357:
After reverse-engineering captured V-1s in 1946, the French began producing copies for use as
1100:
The first complete V-1 airframe was delivered on 30 August 1942, and after the first complete
8812:
8778:
8749:
8510:
8435:
8171:
7952:
7447:
7017:
5694:
5441:
4409:
2900:; the museum also has a partially recreated launch ramp with a mock–up V-1 displayed outside.
2858:
2249:
1724:
1584:
883:
660:
8355:
5187:
3258:
Squadrons 91, 322 (Dutch) and 610. The top ace was S/L Kynaston of 91 Sqn with 21 destroyed.
9094:
9045:
9020:
8916:
8881:
8802:
8773:
8768:
8670:
8663:
8658:
8411:
8402:
8397:
8384:
8375:
8298:
8084:
8075:
8040:
7882:
7872:
7847:
7808:
7790:
7781:
7776:
7481:
7476:
7472:
7257:
7138:
6958:
6689:
6387:
5063:
4214:
2978:
2875:
2659:
2306:
in January 1945 improved the effectiveness of the guns and reduced ammunition consumption.
1955:
1912:
1825:
1801:
1793:
1780:
1763:
1741:
1673:
1350:
1325:
984:
879:
1892:
1168:
937:
Ground-launched V-1s were propelled up an inclined launch ramp by an apparatus known as a
8:
8440:
7837:
7243:
6826:
6821:
6596:
6586:
6482:
6372:
3128:
2935:
2801:
2664:
2281:
1873:
1737:
1568:
952:
887:
804:
550:
492:
35:
3847:
282:
640 km/h (400 mph) flying between 600 and 900 m (2,000 and 3,000 ft)
9172:
8089:
7627:
7613:
6561:
6492:
6460:
6448:
6152:
4964:
4952:
3387:
3138:
3018:
3007:
2915:
2760:
2490:
2482:
2453:
2447:
2288:
2277:
2245:
2212:
2208:
1832:
1785:
1565:
1553:
1525:
1368:
853:
449:
430:
5010:
4172:
2464:
from the original German pilotless ordnance design. The wingspan was only 65 mm (
630:
9035:
8951:
8936:
8602:
8340:
8060:
7962:
7957:
7925:
7910:
7766:
7724:
7715:
7128:
7119:
7012:
6791:
6696:
6675:
6290:
6285:
6053:
5944:
5909:
5898:
5880:
5862:
5844:
5822:
5803:
5785:
5755:
5736:
5717:
5698:
5652:
5634:
5616:
5597:
5578:
5560:
5539:
5512:
5487:
5469:
5451:
5428:
5410:
5391:
5372:
5351:
5332:
5311:
5295:
5275:
5227:
4037:
4031:
3595:
3381:
3014:
2996:
2974:
A V-1 is on display at the US Army Air Defense Artillery Museum, Fort Sill, Oklahoma.
2908:
2685:
2457:
1987:
1900:
1572:
1453:
1293:
1204:
1021:
944:
849:
465:
457:
152:
5445:
5150:
4030:
Cull, Brian (2008). "The assault on Antwerp and Liège - October 1944 - March 1945".
979:
8842:
8445:
8162:
7183:
7174:
7170:
7142:
7031:
6869:
6840:
6273:
5949:
5934:
5210:
Aeronautical Staff of Aero Publishers in cooperation with Edward T Maloney (1966).
4816:
4804:
4792:
4780:
4768:
4756:
4744:
4732:
4519:
4310:
3921:
3118:
3053:
2788:
1916:
1770:
1557:
1090:
824:
510:
411:
316:
255:
4696:
4530:
1104:
was delivered in September, the first glide test flight was on 28 October 1942 at
1082:
1037:
874:
on the nose determined when the target area had been reached, accurate enough for
844:
servomotors controlling the rudder and elevator, and pressurized the fuel system.
9060:
8793:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8568:
8563:
8500:
8407:
8327:
7920:
7915:
7827:
7822:
7813:
7761:
7756:
7603:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7524:
7421:
6649:
6571:
6502:
6487:
6247:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
5966:
5502:
5366:
5326:
4708:
4499:
4192:
3093:
3077:
3028:
2756:
2498:
2330:
2265:
2241:
2020:
1797:
1759:
1602:
1486:
1388:
1372:
1316:
1142:
1066:
871:
757:
644:
564:. Tests began in January 1941, and the first flight made on 30 April 1941 with a
461:
311:
31:
3941:
3939:
2337:("plum blossom") but bore no more than a superficial resemblance to the Fi 103.
1872:
was requested to obtain this impact data from their agents in Britain. However,
1481:
The British defence against German long-range weapons was known by the codename
9112:
9108:
9104:
9084:
9080:
9055:
9040:
9030:
9015:
8995:
8971:
8966:
8931:
8926:
8897:
8856:
8847:
8807:
8730:
8715:
8705:
8685:
8544:
8534:
8525:
8490:
8475:
8460:
8430:
8322:
8137:
8123:
8113:
8108:
8098:
7947:
7938:
7891:
7877:
7867:
7785:
7771:
7534:
7529:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7486:
7405:
7396:
7391:
7386:
6608:
6360:
6334:
6305:
6088:
6083:
6078:
5971:
5955:
The Lambeth Archives, includes a sound recording of an incoming V-1, circa 1944
5036:
4523:
3246:
3072:
2486:
2409:
2211:
the V-1 from the remains of one that had failed to detonate in Britain and the
1821:
1813:
1752:
1749:
1705:
1541:
1502:
1354:
1289:
1193:
1150:
1146:
1026:
837:
761:
561:
395:
322:
73:
6455:
4836:
3758:
2929:
1497:
redeployed in several movements: first in mid-June 1944 from positions on the
9156:
8852:
8710:
8520:
8199:
8195:
8050:
8035:
7929:
7431:
7426:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7272:
7267:
7252:
7223:
7205:
7196:
7187:
7178:
7165:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7124:
7110:
7105:
7101:
7096:
7087:
7082:
7078:
7059:
7055:
7050:
7035:
7003:
6927:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6836:
6831:
6806:
6654:
6634:
6629:
6566:
6497:
6339:
6329:
6073:
6068:
5219:
3936:
3143:
3103:
2843:
2494:
2362:
2273:
1853:
1677:
1490:
1249:
1162:
1141:
Launches against Britain were met by a variety of countermeasures, including
988:
975:
reached London, as its 570 L (150 US gal) of fuel burned off.
860:
569:
526:
520:
442:
423:
131:
8094:
6845:
6295:
4492:
3194:
can also be translated as "retribution", "reprisal" or "retaliation"), also
1105:
890:
were released, the linkage between the elevator and servo was jammed, and a
9099:
9070:
9000:
8990:
8985:
8861:
8554:
8336:
8307:
8278:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8180:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7862:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7462:
7452:
7073:
7007:
6983:
6978:
6864:
6682:
6280:
6222:
6175:
6063:
6058:
5552:
2672:
2518:
2358:
2204:
2004:
1908:
1534:
1510:
1494:
1332:
1321:
1101:
1081:
On 13 June 1944, the first V-1 struck London next to the railway bridge on
875:
788:
749:
723:
636:
575:
Lusser produced a preliminary design in April 1942, P35 Erfurt, which used
565:
546:
534:
530:
116:
83:
5651:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 113. Botley, Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
4923:
2944:
A V-1 replica and original launch rail and equipment is on display at the
1391:
low-cost turbojet engine with about 500 kgf (1,100 lbf) thrust.
728:
8946:
8832:
8578:
8331:
8312:
7817:
7457:
7381:
7376:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7286:
7277:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7219:
7210:
7201:
7091:
6993:
6988:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6944:
6931:
6922:
6811:
6766:
6528:
5059:"Exhibit of the Week: V1 flying bomb gyroscope, Eden Camp Museum, Malton"
3003:
2775:
2768:
2718:
2481:
A navalised version, designated KGW-1, was developed to be launched from
2402:
2398:
1506:
1498:
1260:
1093:
1055:
926:
772:
733:
705:
691:
502:
453:
294:
6382:
6144:
2771:, displays a French copy of the V-1; actually a CT 10 target drone.
2365:
and were smaller than the V-1. The CT 10 could be ground-launched using
1077:
9075:
8317:
7967:
7248:
6601:
6518:
6397:
6355:
6205:
6198:
5098:
3158:
3153:
3133:
2919:
2745:
2728:
2710:
2697:
2570: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2386:
2216:
1644: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1232:
1062:
1051:
1017:
899:
891:
664:
journalist Hans Schwarz Van Berkl in June 1944 with Hitler's approval.
626:
609:
476:
840:
at 6.2 megapascals (900 psi), that drove the gyros, operated the
471:
In 1944 a number of tests of this weapon were apparently conducted in
9089:
7192:
6873:
6538:
6179:
6017:
3359:
2883:
2810:
National Military Museum in Soesterberg has a V1 and a V1 Reichenberg
2621:
2598:
2527:
2039:
1983:
1920:
1713:
1693:
1589:
1561:
1549:
1514:
1473:
A battery of static QF 3.7-inch guns on railway-sleeper platforms at
1445:
1209:
841:
828:
781:
753:
602:
576:
514:
506:
497:
405:
391:
346:
298:
106:
5930:
5287:
4822:
4810:
4798:
4786:
4774:
4762:
4750:
4738:
4726:
4714:
4702:
2545:
1672:
The Defence Committee expressed some doubt as to the ability of the
1619:
6936:
6407:
6402:
6322:
6002:
4512:
Self, Brian (January 2011), "Hudson, John Pilkington (1910–2007)",
3214:
In contemporary accounts it is also referred to as a "robot bomb".
3195:
2735:
2617:
2436:
2431:
2394:
2233:
1930:
While Pujol downplayed the extent of V-1 damage, trouble came from
1474:
1437:
1384:
1086:
1009:
777:
741:
687:
648:
640:
598:
415:
258:
141:
4244:
Aloyse Raths – Unheivolle Jahre für Luxemburg 1940–1945 p. 259-261
3556:
3554:
3552:
30:"Buzzbomb" redirects here. For the song by the Dead Kennedys, see
8866:
8788:
8783:
8208:
8190:
8185:
8045:
7981:
7976:
7115:
6367:
4502:
Ex Air Gunners Association. via Commonwealth Training Plan Museum
3088:
2992:
2967:
2417:, in the latter stages of the war. The Soviet development of the
2303:
2229:
1676:
to adequately deal with the new threat, but the ROC's Commandant
1411:, Belgium was hit by 2,448 V-1s from October 1944 to March 1945.
1408:
1404:
1301:
1222:
1135:
956:
948:
745:
695:
594:
438:
208:
3620:
2941:
The Aeropark at East Midlands Airport also has a V-1 on display.
1560:
helped to counter the V-1's high speed and small size. In 1944,
1122:
Erich Heinemann was responsible for the operational use of V-1.
7021:
3999:
3951:
3549:
2645:
V-1 flying bomb on display at the Stampe & Vertongen Museum
2370:
1972:
1958:, however, the Allies read his messages and adjusted for them.
1943:
1937:
1923:, since the truth would inevitably get through to Germany ..."
1869:
1708:. Fewer than 30 Tempests were available. They were assigned to
1688:
ROC personnel preparing a battery of 'Snowflake' rocket flares.
1509:, and finally in December there was a further layout along the
1338:
1005:
1001:
911:
765:
652:
472:
378:
366:
204:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4684:
4050:
3963:
1208:(3rd Bomber Wing, the so-called "Blitz Wing") flying over the
895:
alerted people under the flight path to the impending impact.
672:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4067:
4065:
3673:
3671:
2847:
V-1 launch ramp recreated at the Imperial War Museum, Duxford
2462:
the forward pulsejet support pylon visibly differing in shape
2026:
1728:
1240:
Late in the war, several air-launched piloted V-1s, known as
1047:
993:
768:. The operation proceeded at a rate of 42 cycles per second.
437:
forces. After this, the Germans directed V-1s at the port of
5308:
AA Command: Britain's Anti-aircraft Defences of World War II
5294:. Defense Technical Information Center. 1971. Archived from
5272:
Deceiving Hitler: Double Cross and Deception in World War II
5254:
Flying Bomb, The Story of Hitler's V-Weapons in World War II
5224:
The Guns at Last Light: the War in Western Europe, 1944–1945
4621:
966:
5615:, Missisagua, ON, Canada: German Canadian Heritage Museum,
5447:
Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939–1945
4858:
4537:
4306:"The American Scientists Who Saved London from Nazi Drones"
4221:
3975:
3808:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3123:
2893:. It was presented to the museum in 1945 by the War Office.
2714:
2390:
2366:
1433:
1269:
volunteer pilots. It was for this that she was awarded the
1016:
the engine intake, and electrical connection to the engine
997:
277:
5959:
5859:
Impact: The History of Germany's V-Weapons in World War II
5613:
The V2 and the German, Russian and American Rocket Program
4437:
4121:
4094:
4077:
4062:
3787:
3668:
1774:
A Spitfire using its wingtip to "topple" a V-1 flying bomb
799:
752:, tail pipe, and spark plug. Compressed air rather than a
4597:
3987:
3656:
3632:
3537:
3408:
Tornio 1944 by Osmo Hyvönen page 262, Ilmasotaa Torniossa
3304:
2904:
1809:
1501:
to the south coast of England, then a cordon closing the
1400:
4561:
4549:
4247:
3883:(in German). April 1944. pp. 98–118. Archived from
3447:
2934:
A V-1 is on display with a V-2 in the new Atrium of the
2928:—the piloted version of the V1—is usually on display at
2423:
ended in 1946 after a crash that killed the test pilot.
1876:
and were acting as double agents under British control.
1681:
in order to alert RAF fighters to the presence of a V-1.
1300:(DFS/German Research Institute for Sailplane Flight) at
910:
The warhead consisted of 850 kg (1,870 lb) of
5536:
US Air Force Tactical Missiles, 1949–1969, The Pioneers
5507:(illus. ed.), National Library Australia, p.
5466:
German Jet Engine and Gas Turbine Development 1930-1945
4662:
4660:
4325:
4285:
3644:
3525:
3435:
3331:
3294:
3292:
2393:. Initial tests began in March 1945 at a test range in
1788:
alone claiming 305. One Tempest pilot, Squadron Leader
1387:-propelled upgraded variant proposed, meant to use the
943:("steam generator"), in which steam was generated when
4473:
4337:
4145:
3820:
3695:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3279:
3277:
3275:
2338:
2331:
2269:
three rows of batteries with additional searchlights.
1796:), shot down 59 V-1s, the Belgian ace Squadron Leader
1353:
jet fighter, which was initially test-towed behind an
4904:
4877:
4633:
4585:
3740:(in German). April 1944. pp. 7–8. Archived from
3707:
3513:
3423:
3411:
3321:
3319:
2950:
A V-1 is on display at the RAF Manston History Museum
2748:, near Saint-Omer, has a V-1 that it was lent by the
2381:
The Soviet Union captured V-1s when they overran the
4657:
4645:
4609:
4573:
4379:
3775:
3683:
3289:
2287:
British gun batteries were each equipped with eight
1816:, managed to destroy 12 in 1944, flying a Spitfire.
1331:
There were plans, not put into practice, to use the
815:
A reconstructed starting ramp for V-1 flying bombs,
5088:
eastmidlandsairport.com. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
4461:
3608:
3566:
3492:
3464:
3272:
3245:, after the head of Anti-Aircraft Command, General
2389:. The 10Kh was their copy of the V-1, later called
2030:A V-1 and launching ramp section on display at the
1248:, were built, but these were never used in combat.
509:engine, while previous work dating back to 1915 by
426:) and Dutch coasts or by modified He 111 aircraft.
5684:, Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press
5675:, Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press
5527:The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945
4835:Winter, Frank; Neufeld, Michael J. (August 2000).
3316:
2930:Headcorn (Lashenden) Airfield's Air Warfare Museum
2914:a V-1 is on display at the other RAF Museum site,
601:Fi 103 was approved on 19 June, and assigned
414:, and during initial development was known by the
330:
5879:, vol. 3, London: Battle of Britain Prints,
5501:Lloyd, Clement John; Hall, Richard, eds. (1997),
2889:Fi-103 serial number 442795 is on display at the
1587:put it in an April 5, 1946 article in the London
9154:
6001:
5843:, Boylston, MA: Monogram Aviation Publications,
5629:Sharp, C. Martin; Bowyer, Michael J. F. (1995),
5289:"The defence of Antwerp against the V-1 missile"
1065:ordered attacks on the V-1 sites as a priority.
647:. By 30 August Fieseler had completed the first
615:76 (FZG-76). Flight tests were conducted at the
9131:Assigned, but not used before RLM was dissolved
5596:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
5407:Hitler's Terror Weapons: The Price of Vengeance
1758:The anti-V-1 sorties by fighters were known as
1252:made some flights in the modified V-1 Fieseler
6768:Reich Air Ministry (RLM) aircraft designations
5533:
5345:
5247:, The Mill, Gloucestershire, UK: History Press
5214:. Fallbrook, California, USA: Aero Publishers.
4898:
4690:
3957:
3560:
3232:From the low hum resembling that of the insect
2248:had not given high priority to seizure of the
1223:Experimental, piloted, and long-range variants
1072:
6752:
6160:
5987:
5691:Fulfilment: Memoirs of a Criminal Court Judge
5188:"The Fieseler Fi 103 (V1) German "Buzz Bomb""
4834:
3592:German Secret Weapons of the Second World War
3109:List of German guided weapons of World War II
2255:
1459:
748:, fuel jets, flap valve grid, mixing chamber
686:(cherry stone) by Lusser and Gosslau, with a
5209:
4992:lonelyplanet.com. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
4518:(online ed.), Oxford University Press,
4357:"Barrage Balloons for Low-Level Air Defense"
4100:
4088:
3349:
3189:
3183:
2525:
2418:
2412:
2042:(12 months) vs V-1 flying bombs (2Âľ months)
1970:
1935:
1874:all German agents in Britain had been turned
1427:
1344:
1336:
1274:
1264:
1253:
1241:
1213:
1197:
1187:
1173:
938:
709:
699:
681:
620:
518:
403:
385:
371:
359:
339:
51:
5802:. Augsburg, Germany: Weltbild Verlag GmbH.
5628:
5559:, New York: Coward McCann & Geoghegan,
5484:The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940–1945
5346:Guckelhorn, Wolfgang; Paul, Detlev (2004).
5242:
4871:
4443:
4216:Impact points of V-1 and V-2 around Antwerp
4127:
4071:
4056:
3310:
2896:A V-1 is on a partial ramp section, at the
2284:to electrically control the battery guns.
1192:launched approximately 1,176 from modified
1096:. Eight civilians were killed in the blast.
983:initially to be built: Wasserwerk Desvres,
6759:
6745:
6167:
6153:
5994:
5980:
5385:
4678:
2361:, starting in 1951. These were called the
1159:40 mm Bofors light anti-aircraft guns
787:The engine made its first flight aboard a
505:. It was an innovative design that used a
349:). It was also known to the Allies as the
9213:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1944
6174:
5856:
5534:Mindling, George; Bolton, Robert (2009),
5524:
5500:
4823:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4811:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4799:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4787:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4775:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4763:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4751:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4739:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4727:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4715:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4703:Defense Technical Information Center 1971
4567:
4543:
4410:"4-Cannon Tempest Chases Nazi Robot Bomb"
3352:"War and peace and the price of cat-fish"
3337:
2807:Museum Vliegbasis Deelen in Schaarsbergen
2586:Learn how and when to remove this message
1835:bomber was modified for use by the RAF's
1762:(after "Diver", the codename used by the
1660:Learn how and when to remove this message
1531:Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
482:
452:, the British operated an arrangement of
5816:
5797:
5752:American Guided Missiles of World War II
5575:German Aircraft Of World War 2 in colour
5305:
5251:
5218:
4627:
4331:
4291:
3993:
3826:
3793:
3701:
3662:
3638:
3543:
2988:on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
2961:
2869:
2842:
2640:
2597:
2430:
2405:saw development end in the early 1950s.
2312:
2025:
1960:
1883:Aftermath of a V-1 bombing, London, 1944
1878:
1856:officer to defuse an unexploded V-1 was
1769:
1683:
1477:on the south coast of England, July 1944
1468:
1394:
1315:
1298:Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fĂĽr Segelflug
1231:
1167:
1124:
1076:
1036:
965:
925:
810:
798:
727:
680:The V-1 was designed under the codename
671:
239:Time fuze to prevent examination of duds
9183:World War II guided missiles of Germany
5857:King, Benjamin; Kutta, Timothy (1998),
5776:
5679:
5665:
5577:. Poole, Dorsett, UK: Blandford Press.
5551:
5422:
5364:
4837:"Missile, Cruise, V-1 (Fi 103, FZG 76)"
4639:
4603:
4515:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4479:
4343:
4265:
3948:, pp. 10, 17–18, 24–39, 42, 47–48.
3908:
3713:
3458:
3298:
2765:Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial
1414:
1311:
918:and almost no dud V-1s were recovered.
817:Historical Technical Museum, PeenemĂĽnde
14:
9155:
6721:PeenemĂĽnde Historical Technical Museum
5874:
5749:
5730:
5711:
5646:
5610:
5591:
5572:
5481:
5269:
5260:
4910:
4883:
4651:
4615:
4591:
4555:
4467:
4397:
4385:
4303:
4005:
3981:
3969:
3945:
3814:
3781:
3689:
3677:
3650:
3626:
3614:
3577:
3531:
3519:
3507:
3470:
3441:
3429:
3417:
3283:
1407:, on the south-east fringe of London.
1236:Fieseler F103R Reichenberg piloted V-1
9208:Unmanned military aircraft of Germany
6740:
6148:
5975:
5892:
5821:. United Kingdom: Sutton Publishing.
5688:
5504:Backroom Briefings: John Curtin's War
5440:
5404:
5371:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
5324:
4967:[Hitler's Secret Weapon V1].
4666:
4579:
4266:Hickman, Kennedy (10 December 2019).
4253:
3482:
3325:
2882:A reproduction V-1 is located at the
2535:
2317:In 1943 an Argus pulsejet engine was
1887:On 16 June 1944 British double agent
1564:started delivery of an anti-aircraft
1489:covering countermeasures to the V-1.
1464:
970:V-1 launch piston for Walter catapult
961:Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft
553:to develop the project. However, the
9203:German inventions of the Nazi period
9178:World War II jet aircraft of Germany
5390:. George Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
5256:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
5177:; Bronze Plaque next to the memorial
4511:
4029:
3589:
3114:List of jet aircraft of World War II
2602:War Memorial in Greencastle, Indiana
2568:adding citations to reliable sources
2539:
2319:shipped to Japan by German submarine
1642:adding citations to reliable sources
1613:
5835:
5669:The Evolution of the Cruise Missile
5463:
4947:Canadian War Museum @CanWarMuseum:
4191:(in German), Verzet, archived from
4151:
3583:
2839:A V-1 in the Arboga Missile museum
2300:184th AAA Battalion (United States)
1596:
1032:
321:"Vengeance Weapon 1") was an early
24:
5486:, Westport, Connecticut: Praeger,
4112:
2874:V-1 flying bomb on display at the
2827:Museum of Transport and Technology
2633:The Stampe en Vertongen Museum at
2223:
1841:airborne early warning and control
1529:temporary platform devised by the
1227:
921:
859:The RLM at first planned to use a
794:
568:. On 27 February 1942 Gosslau and
541:). In October 1939 Argus proposed
27:German World War II cruise missile
25:
9244:
5923:
5427:, Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword,
5328:The Third Reich at War, 1939–1945
4115:The RAF Regiment at War 1942–1946
3846:. Antwerp Airport. Archived from
3023:V-1 #121536 is on display at the
1378:
744:'s major components included the
191:1.42 m (4 ft 8 in)
6393:Blockhaus d'Éperlecques (Watten)
5933:is available for viewing at the
5270:Crowdy, Terence "Terry" (2008),
5180:
5168:
5143:
5118:
5091:
5079:
5051:
5025:
4995:
4983:
4957:
4941:
4916:
4828:
3594:. Frontline Books. p. 270.
3099:Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane
3085:– The piloted version of the V-1
2544:
2511:
2426:
2321:. The Aeronautical Institute of
1618:
1493:guns of the Royal Artillery and
708:literally "May" + "chafer") and
61:
6582:Upper Atmosphere Research Panel
6534:WWII guided missiles of Germany
5893:Young, Richard Anthony (1978),
5594:The V1, The machine and its men
5261:Cooper, Michael "Mike" (1997),
5202:
5155:Muckleburgh Military Collection
5126:"Aircraft and Cockpit Displays"
4505:
4485:
4449:
4419:
4403:
4349:
4304:Holmes, Jamie (4 August 2020).
4297:
4268:"World War II: V-1 Flying Bomb"
4259:
4238:
4207:
4188:V-bommenterreur boven Antwerpen
4179:
4157:
4133:
4106:
4023:
4011:
3914:
3862:
3832:
3799:
3751:
3719:
3402:
3374:
3343:
3252:
3235:
2656:Atlantic Canada Aviation Museum
2555:needs additional citations for
2385:in Poland, as well as from the
2376:
1808:, Jan Leendert Plesman, son of
1692:Observers at the coast post of
1629:needs additional citations for
1609:
1041:V-1 (Fieseler Fi 103) in flight
930:V-1 on Walter catapult ramp at
400:PeenemĂĽnde Army Research Center
398:of London. It was developed at
9233:Single-engined pusher aircraft
6592:White Sands V-2 Launching Site
5908:. (1978, USA, Sky Book Press,
5245:The Race for Hitler's X-Planes
4165:"Deaths and injuries: 1939–45"
4140:Porsche 109-005 engine drawing
3226:
3217:
3208:
3177:
3104:Kettering "Bug" Aerial Torpedo
1831:In late 1944 a radar-equipped
1361:
1129:A German crew rolls out a V-1.
717:
667:
529:developed a remote-controlled
445:was overrun on 29 March 1945.
13:
1:
9134:Assigned to captured aircraft
6614:Operations Sandy and Pushover
5897:, Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan,
5735:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
5733:German V-Weapon Sites 1943–45
5716:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
5104:Kent Battle of Britain Museum
4924:"Things to see, things to do"
4841:National Air and Space Museum
4363:. Summer 1989. Archived from
4361:Air & Space Power Journal
4036:. London : Grub Street.
3844:Stampe & Vertongen Museum
3165:
3013:A V-1 is also located at the
2986:National Air and Space Museum
2946:Kent Battle of Britain Museum
2721:, displays a V-1 flying bomb.
2635:Antwerp International Airport
2126:Structures damaged/destroyed
2010:
1824:was rushed into service with
736:, showing launch ramp section
690:constructed mainly of welded
384:The V-1 was the first of the
236:Backup mechanical impact fuze
167:2,150 kg (4,740 lb)
9228:IAI unmanned aerial vehicles
9218:Aircraft first flown in 1942
9140:Propaganda/cover designation
6233:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
5680:Werrell, Kenneth P. (2005),
5666:Werrell, Kenneth P. (1985),
5525:Masterman, John C. (1972) ,
5409:, New York: Harper Collins,
5265:, Doncaster, UK: Mark Turner
4531:UK public library membership
4491:Ross H. Hamilton. June 2003
3083:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
3049:in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
3036:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
2926:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
2821:Auckland War Memorial Museum
2669:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
2504:
1863:
1734:North American P-51 Mustangs
337:and its suggestive name was
7:
9188:Single-engined jet aircraft
5450:, London: Hamish Hamilton,
5425:Britain's Greatest Aircraft
5388:Weapons of Mass Destruction
5386:Hutchinson, Robert (2003).
5003:"MOTAT & One Tree Hill"
3760:German V-1 Leaflet Campaign
3383:American Sub Rescues Airmen
3060:
3052:A V-1 is on display at the
3045:A V-1 is on display at the
2991:A V-1 is on display at the
2903:A V-1 is on display with a
2898:Imperial War Museum Duxford
2709:The Grand Bunker Museum in
2347:
2339:
2332:
2252:giving access to the port.
2032:Imperial War Museum Duxford
1847:
1729:Republic P-47M Thunderbolts
1678:Air Commodore Finlay Crerar
1120:General der Artillerie z.V.
1073:Operation and effectiveness
218:850 kg (1,870 lb)
10:
9249:
9163:Cruise missiles of Germany
6238:LXV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
5800:Die V1: Eine Dokumentation
5798:Hellmold, Wilhelm (1991).
5468:, Airlife Publishing Ltd,
5325:Evans, Richard J. (2008),
5243:Christopher, John (2013),
5130:RAF Manston History Museum
4965:"V1 arme secrète d'Hitler"
4899:Mindling & Bolton 2009
4691:Mindling & Bolton 2009
3958:Guckelhorn & Paul 2004
3629:, pp. 19, 24, 28, 89.
3561:Guckelhorn & Paul 2004
3149:V-1 flying bomb facilities
3040:Flying Heritage Collection
2876:Imperial War Museum London
2445:
2327:Kawanishi Aircraft Company
2262:80th Anti-Aircraft Brigade
2256:Countermeasures at Antwerp
2148:Rate casualties/bombs tons
1460:Countermeasures in England
1418:
1061:Damage was widespread and
905:
721:
495:submitted a design to the
450:operations against the V-1
183:5.37 m (17.6 ft)
175:8.32 m (27.3 ft)
29:
9193:Pulsejet-powered aircraft
9121:
8891:Post-349 (non-sequential)
8890:
8611:
8028:
7414:
6779:
6713:
6667:
6622:
6554:
6547:
6511:
6421:
6348:
6256:
6215:
6186:
6041:
6010:
5817:Henshall, Philip (2002).
5538:, Raleigh, NC: Lulu.com,
4928:Stampe en Vetongen Museum
4008:, pp. 35, 38–39, 42.
3877:FZG 76 Equipment Handbook
3869:"Teil 4: ZĂĽnderanlage ".
3734:FZG 76 Equipment Handbook
3025:Pima Air and Space Museum
2435:A KGW-1 being fired from
2352:
2323:Tokyo Imperial University
2158:
2118:
2056:
2017:Combined Bomber Offensive
1997:
1954:s impact reports. Due to
1837:Fighter Interception Unit
1577:Allied invasion of Europe
1149:and newly introduced jet
1145:and aircraft such as the
1089:, which now carries this
431:Allied landings in France
286:
276:
272:250 km (160 mi)
264:
251:
246:
222:
214:
200:
195:
187:
179:
171:
163:
158:
147:
137:
127:
122:
112:
102:
94:
89:
80:Place of origin
79:
69:
60:
53:Flakzielgerät 76 (FZG-76)
45:
6349:Construction and bunkers
5877:The Blitz Then & Now
5875:Ramsay, Winston (1990),
5836:Kay, Anthony L. (1977),
5819:Hitler's V-Weapons Sites
5784:, London: Robson Books,
5573:Munson, Kenneth (1978).
5482:Levine, Alan J. (1992),
5423:Jackson, Robert (2007),
5306:Dobinson, Colin (2001).
5252:Cooksley, Peter (1979).
5226:. New York: Henry Holt.
3068:Aggregat (rocket family)
3047:Military Aviation Museum
1444:, as well as the Polish
1442:Luxembourgish Resistance
1421:V-1 and V-2 Intelligence
1161:commonly used by Allied
870:An odometer driven by a
863:system with the V-1 for
803:A V-1 on display in the
579:. When submitted to the
517:. While employed by the
410:at the beginning of the
6478:Operation Crossbow Site
6413:Fortress of Mimoyecques
5965:14 October 2011 at the
5750:Zaloga, Steven (2020).
5731:Zaloga, Steven (2008).
5714:V-1 Flying Bomb 1942–52
5712:Zaloga, Steven (2005).
5647:Thomas, Andrew (2013).
5633:, Somerset, UK: Crécy,
5557:Beyond Top Secret Ultra
5365:Holmes, Jamie (2020a).
5099:"The V-weapons Display"
4845:Smithsonian Institution
4498:15 January 2020 at the
4444:Sharp & Bowyer 1995
4427:"Plesman, Jan Leendert"
3972:, p. 17–18, 20–21.
3840:"The Doodlebug Project"
3056:in Seattle, Washington.
3042:in Everett, Washington.
2725:Blockhaus d'Éperlecques
2614:Australian War Memorial
2369:or air-launched from a
2276:units controlling four
1601:Eventually about 2,000
1575:, just in time for the
1540:The development of the
1450:contributed information
625:coastal test centre at
327:Reich Aviation Ministry
9223:London in World War II
5861:, New York: Sarpedon,
4524:10.1093/ref:odnb/99289
4493:"The Very First Awacs"
3872:FZG 76 Geräte-Handbuch
3729:FZG 76 Geräte-Handbuch
3190:
3188:"vengeance weapon 1" (
3184:
3038:are on display at the
2970:
2966:V-1 on display at the
2891:Science Museum, London
2878:
2848:
2646:
2603:
2526:
2443:
2419:
2413:
2035:
1992:Home Defence Executive
1971:
1966:
1936:
1884:
1858:John Pilkington Hudson
1775:
1725:de Havilland Mosquitos
1718:356th Fighter Squadron
1689:
1585:General Frederick Pile
1478:
1428:
1375:, in the Netherlands.
1345:
1337:
1328:
1324:carrying a V-1 at the
1275:
1271:Iron Cross First Class
1265:
1254:
1242:
1237:
1214:
1198:
1188:
1183:
1174:
1130:
1097:
1042:
971:
939:
934:
820:
808:
737:
710:
700:
682:
677:
621:
519:
483:Design and development
404:
386:
372:
360:
340:
315:
233:Electrical impact fuze
52:
34:. For other uses, see
6548:Post-WWII development
6471:Bombing of PeenemĂĽnde
6398:La Coupole (Wizernes)
5840:(Monogram Close-Up 4)
5754:. Osprey Publishing.
5689:Vanek, David (1999).
5592:Oliver, John (2018).
5151:"Complete Collection"
4175:on 18 September 2003.
4018:LXV Armeekorps z.b.V.
3984:, pp. 84, 87–90.
3817:, pp. 28, 85–86.
3338:Lloyd & Hall 1997
3200:RLM's airframe number
2965:
2873:
2859:Swiss Military Museum
2846:
2644:
2637:has a V-1 on display.
2601:
2434:
2367:solid rocket boosters
2313:Japanese developments
2280:per battery using an
2029:
1964:
1882:
1773:
1727:. Specially modified
1687:
1524:The standard British
1472:
1395:Success of operations
1319:
1235:
1171:
1128:
1080:
1040:
1020:, and autopilot. The
969:
929:
814:
802:
731:
675:
658:The V-1 was named by
6378:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
6301:Army Research Center
5464:Kay, Antony (2002),
5301:on 23 February 2017.
5064:The Scarborough News
4630:, pp. 107, 110.
4033:Diver! Diver! Diver!
3680:, pp. 137, 139.
3356:Uncle Fred's diaries
3241:This was known as a
2660:Halifax, Nova Scotia
2564:improve this article
2207:technical personnel
2160:3. Allied air effort
2075:Weight of bombs tons
1913:John Cecil Masterman
1826:No. 616 Squadron RAF
1781:No. 605 Squadron RAF
1764:Royal Observer Corps
1742:Supermarine Spitfire
1674:Royal Observer Corps
1638:improve this article
1415:Intelligence reports
1351:Messerschmitt Me 262
1326:Technikmuseum Speyer
1312:Air launch by Ar 234
732:Rear view of V-1 in
9128:Unofficial/proposed
6597:V-2 sounding rocket
6587:Operation Paperclip
6483:Operation Aphrodite
6243:PeenemĂĽnde Airfield
6003:Kassel and Fieseler
5693:. Dundurn. p.
5649:V1 Flying Bomb Aces
5611:Reuter, C. (2000),
5405:Irons, Roy (2003),
4953:23 May 2014 Twitter
4256:, pp. 523–542.
4195:on 10 February 2010
4059:, pp. 108–109.
4020:www.axishistory.com
3747:on 11 January 2019.
3171:Informational notes
3129:Operation Paperclip
3017:aviation museum in
2936:Imperial War Museum
2886:in North Yorkshire.
2802:Overloon War Museum
2774:Tosny Museum, near
2686:Danish War Museum (
2665:Canadian War Museum
2456:, was assembled at
2043:
1870:German intelligence
1569:fire-control system
953:sodium permanganate
780:hulls connected in
694:and wings built of
551:Arado Flugzeugwerke
493:Georg Hans Madelung
394:) deployed for the
215:Warhead weight
36:V1 (disambiguation)
6704:Operation Crossbow
6645:Operation Backfire
6562:Republic-Ford JB-2
6493:Operation Teardrop
6461:Operation Crossbow
6449:Operation Most III
6318:The Bäckebo rocket
5350:. aachen: Helios.
5274:, Oxford: Osprey,
4606:, pp. 151–58.
4558:, pp. 273–74.
4546:, pp. 252–53.
4458:(pp. 203–204)
4367:on 2 February 2007
4154:, p. 153-155.
4117:. Pen & Sword.
4113:Oliver, Kingsley.
3890:on 11 January 2019
3850:on 21 January 2019
3796:, pp. 29, 37.
3726:"Teil 1: Zelle ".
3590:Hogg, Ian (1999).
3388:Universal Newsreel
3350:Frederick French.
3139:Republic-Ford JB-2
3019:Polk City, Florida
3008:Hutchinson, Kansas
2984:The Smithsonian's
2971:
2916:RAF Museum Cosford
2879:
2849:
2761:Colleville-sur-Mer
2647:
2604:
2536:Surviving examples
2491:Operation Downfall
2454:Republic-Ford JB-2
2448:Republic-Ford JB-2
2444:
2289:QF 3.7-inch AA gun
2272:US units deployed
2213:Republic-Ford JB-2
2209:reverse-engineered
2086:Fuel consumed tons
2058:1. Cost to Germany
2038:
2036:
1967:
1915:, chairman of the
1885:
1833:Vickers Wellington
1786:No. 3 Squadron RAF
1776:
1690:
1483:Operation Crossbow
1479:
1465:Anti-aircraft guns
1454:solid-fuel rockets
1369:Ardennes Offensive
1329:
1282:Operation Crossbow
1238:
1184:
1131:
1098:
1043:
985:Wasserwerk St. Pol
972:
935:
854:magnetic deviation
821:
809:
791:on 30 April 1941.
738:
678:
643:, and Askania the
458:anti-aircraft guns
422:along the French (
357:and in Germany as
333:) designation was
123:Production history
9198:Mid-wing aircraft
9168:Fieseler aircraft
9150:
9149:
6734:
6733:
6697:Ministry of Space
6690:Gravity's Rainbow
6676:Battle of the V-1
6663:
6662:
6291:Walter Dornberger
6286:Wernher von Braun
6142:
6141:
5914:978-0-89402-072-8
5904:978-0-7110-0842-7
5886:978-0-900913-58-7
5868:978-1-885119-51-3
5850:978-0-914144-04-5
5791:978-1-86105-581-1
5742:978-1-84603-247-9
5723:978-1-84176-791-8
5704:978-1-4597-1502-8
5658:978-1-78096-292-4
5640:978-0-947554-41-5
5622:978-1-894643-05-4
5603:978-1-987754-75-9
5566:978-0-698-10882-0
5545:978-0-557-00029-6
5518:978-0-642-10688-9
5457:978-0-241-89746-1
5434:978-1-84415-383-1
5416:978-0-00-711263-0
5378:978-1-328-46012-7
5338:978-1-59420-206-3
5317:978-0-413-76540-6
5281:978-1-84603-135-9
5233:978-0-349-14048-3
5013:on 11 August 2009
4529:(Subscription or
4456:Ultimate Spitfire
4414:Popular Mechanics
4101:Aeronautical 1966
4089:Aeronautical 1966
4043:978-1-904943-39-6
3996:, pp. 32–35.
3960:, pp. 20–23.
3665:, pp. 29–30.
3653:, pp. 27–28.
3641:, pp. 30–32.
3601:978-1-8483-2781-8
3563:, pp. 12–19.
3546:, pp. 32–33.
3534:, pp. 19–24.
3461:, pp. 41–62.
3444:, pp. 56–59.
3015:Fantasy of Flight
2909:RAF Museum Hendon
2667:, manned version
2596:
2595:
2588:
2458:Republic Aviation
2383:Blizna test range
2198:
2197:
1988:Findlater Stewart
1901:Roman Czerniawski
1670:
1669:
1662:
1573:analogue computer
1554:gun-laying radars
1383:There was also a
1346:(Deichselschlepp)
1294:Focke-Wulf Fw 200
1205:Kampfgeschwader 3
1115:Armeekorps z.b.V.
951:) was mixed with
945:hydrogen peroxide
865:precision attacks
850:magnetic variance
466:strategic bombing
420:launch facilities
387:Vergeltungswaffen
304:
303:
16:(Redirected from
9240:
8943:
8923:
8878:
8824:
8819:
8800:
8760:
8755:
8746:
8722:
8702:
8692:
8682:
8677:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8599:
8560:
8541:
8497:
8487:
8472:
8457:
8452:
8422:
8372:
8362:
8347:
8295:
8285:
8275:
8255:
8240:
8235:
8149:
8134:
8105:
8067:
8057:
7974:
7945:
7908:
7859:
7854:
7844:
7834:
7744:
7731:
7722:
7693:
7601:
7522:
7403:
7373:
7368:
7358:
7318:
7293:
7264:
7028:
7000:
6951:
6942:
6920:
6900:
6818:
6803:
6798:
6788:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6738:
6737:
6726:Monkeys in space
6552:
6551:
6524:Aggregat rockets
6444:Polish Home Army
6274:Greifswalder Oie
6169:
6162:
6155:
6146:
6145:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5973:
5972:
5935:Internet Archive
5907:
5889:
5871:
5853:
5832:
5813:
5794:
5765:
5746:
5727:
5708:
5685:
5676:
5674:
5662:
5643:
5625:
5607:
5588:
5569:
5548:
5530:
5521:
5496:
5478:
5460:
5437:
5419:
5401:
5382:
5361:
5341:
5321:
5302:
5300:
5293:
5284:
5266:
5257:
5248:
5237:
5215:
5196:
5195:
5192:Museum of Flight
5184:
5178:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5095:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5039:on 19 April 2012
5035:. Archived from
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5009:. Archived from
5007:Ball of Dirt.com
4999:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4961:
4955:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4920:
4914:
4908:
4902:
4896:
4887:
4881:
4875:
4872:Christopher 2013
4869:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4832:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4693:, pp. 6–31.
4688:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4526:
4509:
4503:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4423:
4417:
4416:, February 1945.
4407:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4226:(map), V2 Rocket
4225:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4171:. Archived from
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4128:Christopher 2013
4125:
4119:
4118:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4075:
4072:Christopher 2013
4069:
4060:
4057:Christopher 2013
4054:
4048:
4047:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3922:"V1 Light Sites"
3918:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3889:
3882:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3739:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3564:
3558:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3490:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3358:. Archived from
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3314:
3311:Christopher 2013
3308:
3302:
3296:
3287:
3281:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3206:
3193:
3187:
3185:Vergeltungswaffe
3181:
3119:List of missiles
3054:Museum of Flight
2789:Deutsches Museum
2591:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2548:
2540:
2531:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2422:
2416:
2342:
2335:
2044:
2037:
1976:
1953:
1941:
1917:Twenty Committee
1710:No. 150 Wing RAF
1665:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1622:
1614:
1603:barrage balloons
1597:Barrage balloons
1558:cavity magnetron
1535:railway sleepers
1431:
1348:
1342:
1278:
1268:
1257:
1247:
1217:
1201:
1191:
1177:
1143:barrage balloons
1091:English Heritage
1033:Operation Eisbär
978:On 18 June 1943
942:
882:were fired. Two
880:detonating bolts
805:Musée de l'Armée
713:
703:
685:
624:
622:Erprobungsstelle
592:
591:
587:
539:Flakzielgerät-43
524:
511:Sperry Gyroscope
477:flying torpedoes
462:barrage balloons
412:Second World War
409:
389:
375:
363:
343:
332:
317:Vergeltungswaffe
279:
256:Argus As 109-014
65:
56:
55:
43:
42:
21:
9248:
9247:
9243:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9238:
9237:
9153:
9152:
9151:
9146:
9117:
8941:
8921:
8886:
8876:
8822:
8817:
8798:
8758:
8753:
8744:
8720:
8700:
8690:
8680:
8675:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8607:
8597:
8558:
8539:
8495:
8485:
8470:
8455:
8450:
8420:
8370:
8360:
8345:
8293:
8283:
8273:
8253:
8238:
8233:
8147:
8132:
8103:
8065:
8055:
8024:
7972:
7943:
7906:
7857:
7852:
7842:
7832:
7742:
7729:
7720:
7691:
7599:
7520:
7410:
7401:
7371:
7366:
7356:
7316:
7291:
7262:
7026:
6998:
6949:
6940:
6918:
6898:
6816:
6801:
6796:
6786:
6775:
6765:
6735:
6730:
6709:
6659:
6650:Project Big Ben
6618:
6572:PGM-11 Redstone
6543:
6512:Related weapons
6507:
6503:Barrage balloon
6488:Operation Diver
6466:Operation Hydra
6425:countermeasures
6417:
6344:
6252:
6248:Kawanishi Baika
6211:
6192:V-1 flying bomb
6182:
6173:
6143:
6138:
6037:
6006:
6000:
5967:Wayback Machine
5940:V-1 Launch Site
5931:of FZG 76 – V-1
5926:
5920:
5905:
5895:The Flying Bomb
5887:
5869:
5851:
5829:
5810:
5792:
5771:Further reading
5768:
5762:
5743:
5724:
5705:
5672:
5659:
5641:
5623:
5604:
5585:
5567:
5546:
5519:
5494:
5476:
5458:
5435:
5417:
5398:
5379:
5358:
5339:
5318:
5298:
5291:
5282:
5234:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5173:
5169:
5159:
5157:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5109:
5107:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5086:"The Aeropark."
5084:
5080:
5070:
5068:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5042:
5040:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5016:
5014:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4988:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4930:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4909:
4905:
4897:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4870:
4859:
4849:
4847:
4833:
4829:
4821:
4817:
4809:
4805:
4797:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4773:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4709:
4701:
4697:
4689:
4685:
4679:Hutchinson 2003
4677:
4673:
4665:
4658:
4650:
4646:
4638:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4602:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4578:
4574:
4566:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4542:
4538:
4528:
4510:
4506:
4500:Wayback Machine
4490:
4486:
4478:
4474:
4466:
4462:
4454:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4408:
4404:
4396:
4392:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4342:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4302:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4274:
4264:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4198:
4196:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4111:
4107:
4099:
4095:
4087:
4078:
4070:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4028:
4024:
4016:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3944:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3924:. Atlantic Wall
3920:
3919:
3915:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3788:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3744:
3737:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3688:
3684:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3567:
3559:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3522:, pp. 8–9.
3518:
3514:
3506:
3493:
3481:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3432:, pp. 5–6.
3428:
3424:
3420:, pp. 3–5.
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3332:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3273:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3163:
3094:Henschel Hs 293
3078:Argus Fernfeuer
3063:
3029:Tucson, Arizona
2796:The Netherlands
2757:Overlord Museum
2734:Le Val Ygot at
2671:, collected by
2592:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2561:
2549:
2538:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2499:SSM-N-8 Regulus
2487:escort carriers
2474:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2450:
2429:
2379:
2355:
2350:
2315:
2266:21st Army Group
2258:
2250:Scheldt estuary
2242:Port of Antwerp
2228:The attacks on
2226:
2224:Belgian attacks
2021:Clayton Bissell
2013:
2000:
1951:
1866:
1850:
1798:Remy Van Lierde
1760:"Diver patrols"
1666:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1635:
1623:
1612:
1599:
1487:Operation Diver
1467:
1462:
1424:
1417:
1397:
1389:Porsche 109-005
1381:
1364:
1314:
1230:
1228:Piloted variant
1225:
1075:
1067:Operation Cobra
1035:
959:). Designed by
924:
922:Walter catapult
908:
872:vane anemometer
825:guidance system
797:
795:Guidance system
726:
720:
670:
645:guidance system
631:PeenemĂĽnde-West
589:
585:
584:
485:
473:Tornio, Finland
402:in 1939 by the
335:Fieseler Fi 103
325:. Its official
308:V-1 flying bomb
291:
289:
269:
267:
247:
242:
227:
225:
196:
95:In service
90:Service history
50:
49:Fieseler Fi 103
48:
47:V-1 flying bomb
46:
39:
32:Buzzbomb (song)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9246:
9236:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9148:
9147:
9142:
9141:
9138:
9135:
9132:
9129:
9126:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9115:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8900:
8894:
8892:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8747:
8742:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8667:
8666:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8615:
8613:
8609:
8608:
8606:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8414:
8405:
8400:
8387:
8382:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8334:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8202:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8174:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8032:
8030:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8022:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7979:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7941:
7932:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7811:
7806:
7804:Me 164/MeC 164
7801:
7788:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7736:
7727:
7718:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7484:
7479:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7429:
7424:
7418:
7416:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7217:
7208:
7199:
7190:
7181:
7168:
7159:
7154:
7145:
7136:
7131:
7122:
7113:
7108:
7099:
7094:
7085:
7076:
7071:
7062:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7029:
7024:
7015:
7010:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6952:
6947:
6934:
6925:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6843:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6776:
6764:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6741:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6577:Hermes Project
6574:
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6549:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6458:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6428:
6426:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6361:Mittelbau-Dora
6352:
6350:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6335:Arthur Rudolph
6332:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6306:Test Stand VII
6303:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6172:
6171:
6164:
6157:
6149:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6043:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6007:
5999:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5925:
5924:External links
5922:
5918:
5917:
5903:
5890:
5885:
5872:
5867:
5854:
5849:
5833:
5827:
5814:
5808:
5795:
5790:
5778:Haining, Peter
5767:
5766:
5760:
5747:
5741:
5728:
5722:
5709:
5703:
5686:
5677:
5663:
5657:
5644:
5639:
5626:
5621:
5608:
5602:
5589:
5583:
5570:
5565:
5549:
5544:
5531:
5529:, London: Avon
5522:
5517:
5498:
5492:
5479:
5474:
5461:
5456:
5438:
5433:
5420:
5415:
5402:
5396:
5383:
5377:
5362:
5356:
5343:
5337:
5322:
5316:
5303:
5285:
5280:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5239:
5238:
5232:
5220:Atkinson, Rick
5216:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5179:
5167:
5142:
5117:
5090:
5078:
5067:. 29 July 2017
5050:
5024:
4994:
4982:
4956:
4940:
4915:
4903:
4888:
4876:
4874:, p. 193.
4857:
4827:
4815:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4695:
4683:
4671:
4669:, p. 199.
4656:
4644:
4642:, pp. 20.
4632:
4620:
4608:
4596:
4594:, p. 280.
4584:
4582:, p. 422.
4572:
4570:, p. 254.
4568:Masterman 1972
4560:
4548:
4544:Masterman 1972
4536:
4504:
4484:
4482:, p. 217.
4472:
4460:
4448:
4446:, p. 179.
4436:
4431:TracesOfWar.nl
4418:
4402:
4390:
4378:
4348:
4346:, p. 360.
4336:
4334:, p. 438.
4324:
4296:
4294:, p. 436.
4284:
4258:
4246:
4237:
4206:
4178:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4130:, p. 179.
4120:
4105:
4093:
4076:
4074:, p. 109.
4061:
4049:
4042:
4022:
4010:
3998:
3986:
3974:
3962:
3950:
3935:
3913:
3901:
3861:
3831:
3819:
3807:
3798:
3786:
3774:
3750:
3718:
3706:
3694:
3682:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3631:
3619:
3607:
3600:
3582:
3565:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3491:
3475:
3463:
3446:
3434:
3422:
3410:
3401:
3373:
3362:on 7 July 2017
3342:
3340:, p. 222.
3330:
3315:
3313:, p. 108.
3303:
3288:
3270:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3251:
3247:Frederick Pile
3234:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:Fi 103 by the
3175:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3075:
3073:Amerika Bomber
3070:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3032:
3021:
3011:
3000:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2932:
2922:
2912:
2911:, north London
2901:
2894:
2887:
2868:
2867:
2866:United Kingdom
2863:
2862:
2854:
2853:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2753:
2750:Science Museum
2743:
2732:
2722:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2662:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2638:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2609:
2608:
2594:
2593:
2552:
2550:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2506:
2503:
2446:Main article:
2428:
2425:
2410:Junkers EF 126
2378:
2375:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2314:
2311:
2260:Both British (
2257:
2254:
2225:
2222:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2188:Personnel lost
2185:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2177:Aircraft lost
2174:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2108:Personnel lost
2105:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2012:
2009:
1999:
1996:
1865:
1862:
1849:
1846:
1822:Gloster Meteor
1814:Albert Plesman
1753:Roland Beamont
1750:Wing Commander
1706:Hawker Tempest
1668:
1667:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1598:
1595:
1542:proximity fuze
1533:and made from
1503:Thames Estuary
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1426:The codename "
1416:
1413:
1396:
1393:
1380:
1379:FZG-76 version
1377:
1363:
1360:
1313:
1310:
1290:Heinkel He 111
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1194:Heinkel He 111
1151:Gloster Meteor
1147:Hawker Tempest
1074:
1071:
1034:
1031:
980:Hermann Göring
923:
920:
907:
904:
838:compressed air
827:used a simple
796:
793:
762:throttle valve
722:Main article:
719:
716:
669:
666:
562:fuel injection
491:and Professor
484:
481:
396:terror bombing
323:cruise missile
302:
301:
292:
287:
284:
283:
280:
278:Maximum speed
274:
273:
270:
265:
262:
261:
253:
249:
248:
244:
243:
241:
240:
237:
234:
230:
228:
223:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
159:Specifications
156:
155:
149:
148:Unit cost
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
74:Cruise missile
71:
67:
66:
58:
57:
26:
18:V1 Flying Bomb
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9245:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9160:
9158:
9145:
9139:
9136:
9133:
9130:
9127:
9124:
9123:
9120:
9114:
9110:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8889:
8883:
8880:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8757:
8751:
8748:
8743:
8741:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8660:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8616:
8614:
8610:
8604:
8601:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8538:
8536:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8398:Me 263 (1945)
8395:
8394:Me 263 (1942)
8391:
8390:Me 263 (1941)
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8377:
8374:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8344:
8342:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8131:
8129:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8033:
8031:
8027:
8021:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7942:
7940:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7728:
7726:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7690:
7688:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7442:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7413:
7407:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7030:
7025:
7023:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7005:
7002:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6956:
6953:
6948:
6946:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6773:
6769:
6762:
6757:
6755:
6750:
6748:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6712:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6666:
6656:
6655:Ghost rockets
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6609:Bumper Rocket
6607:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6567:MGM-1 Matador
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6550:
6546:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6498:Project Danny
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6437:Double agents
6435:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6420:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6347:
6341:
6340:Staveley Road
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6330:Rocket U-boat
6328:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6314:
6313:Test launches
6311:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6170:
6165:
6163:
6158:
6156:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6004:
5997:
5992:
5990:
5985:
5983:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5900:
5896:
5891:
5888:
5882:
5878:
5873:
5870:
5864:
5860:
5855:
5852:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5834:
5830:
5828:0-7509-2607-4
5824:
5820:
5815:
5811:
5809:3-89350-352-8
5805:
5801:
5796:
5793:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5763:
5761:9781472839268
5757:
5753:
5748:
5744:
5738:
5734:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5687:
5683:
5682:Archie to SAM
5678:
5671:
5670:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5642:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5624:
5618:
5614:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5584:0-7137-0860-3
5580:
5576:
5571:
5568:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5553:Montagu, Ewen
5550:
5547:
5541:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5523:
5520:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5505:
5499:
5495:
5493:0-275-94319-4
5489:
5485:
5480:
5477:
5475:9781840372946
5471:
5467:
5462:
5459:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5430:
5426:
5421:
5418:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5399:
5397:0-297-83091-0
5393:
5389:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5357:3-933608-94-5
5353:
5349:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5323:
5319:
5313:
5309:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5286:
5283:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5208:
5207:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5176:
5175:The Buzz Bomb
5171:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5012:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4991:
4986:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4954:
4950:
4944:
4929:
4925:
4919:
4913:, p. 33.
4912:
4907:
4900:
4895:
4893:
4886:, p. 80.
4885:
4880:
4873:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4831:
4825:, p. 54.
4824:
4819:
4813:, p. 68.
4812:
4807:
4801:, p. 53.
4800:
4795:
4789:, p. 51.
4788:
4783:
4777:, p. 45.
4776:
4771:
4765:, p. 40.
4764:
4759:
4753:, p. 36.
4752:
4747:
4741:, p. 34.
4740:
4735:
4728:
4723:
4716:
4711:
4705:, p. 31.
4704:
4699:
4692:
4687:
4680:
4675:
4668:
4663:
4661:
4654:, p. 71.
4653:
4648:
4641:
4636:
4629:
4628:Atkinson 2013
4624:
4618:, p. 40.
4617:
4612:
4605:
4600:
4593:
4588:
4581:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4557:
4552:
4545:
4540:
4532:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4508:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4488:
4481:
4476:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4452:
4445:
4440:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4399:
4394:
4388:, p. 34.
4387:
4382:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4345:
4340:
4333:
4332:Dobinson 2001
4328:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4292:Dobinson 2001
4288:
4273:
4272:ThoughtCo.com
4269:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4241:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4153:
4148:
4141:
4136:
4129:
4124:
4116:
4109:
4103:, p. 47.
4102:
4097:
4091:, p. 45.
4090:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4058:
4053:
4045:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4026:
4019:
4014:
4007:
4002:
3995:
3994:Cooksley 1979
3990:
3983:
3978:
3971:
3966:
3959:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3940:
3923:
3917:
3910:
3905:
3886:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3865:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3829:, p. 30.
3828:
3827:Cooksley 1979
3823:
3816:
3811:
3802:
3795:
3794:Cooksley 1979
3790:
3784:, p. 27.
3783:
3778:
3763:, Psy Warrior
3762:
3761:
3754:
3743:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3722:
3716:, p. 54.
3715:
3710:
3704:, p. 39.
3703:
3702:Cooksley 1979
3698:
3692:, p. 33.
3691:
3686:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3664:
3663:Cooksley 1979
3659:
3652:
3647:
3640:
3639:Cooksley 1979
3635:
3628:
3623:
3616:
3611:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3544:Cooksley 1979
3540:
3533:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3334:
3328:, p. 81.
3327:
3322:
3320:
3312:
3307:
3301:, p. 53.
3300:
3295:
3293:
3286:, p. 11.
3285:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3248:
3244:
3243:Pyle platform
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:SCR-584 radar
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2964:
2958:United States
2957:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2587:
2579:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2553:This section
2551:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2495:MGM-1 Matador
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2427:United States
2424:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2363:ARSAERO CT 10
2360:
2359:target drones
2345:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:SCR-584 radar
2270:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2097:Aircraft lost
2096:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:bomb disposal
1845:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1720:on 18 June).
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1664:
1661:
1653:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1627:This section
1625:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1556:based on the
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:Anti-aircraft
1488:
1484:
1476:
1471:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1448:intelligence
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1429:Flakzielgerät
1422:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1359:
1356:
1355:He 177A Greif
1352:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1251:
1250:Hanna Reitsch
1246:
1245:
1234:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1196:H-22s of the
1195:
1190:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
989:Pas-de-Calais
986:
981:
976:
968:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
940:Dampferzeuger
933:
928:
919:
915:
913:
903:
901:
896:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
861:radio control
857:
855:
851:
845:
843:
839:
834:
831:developed by
830:
826:
818:
813:
806:
801:
792:
790:
785:
783:
779:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
735:
730:
725:
715:
712:
707:
702:
697:
693:
689:
684:
674:
665:
663:
662:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
632:
628:
623:
618:
614:
613:Flakzielgerät
611:
607:
604:
600:
596:
582:
578:
573:
571:
570:Robert Lusser
567:
563:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:Fritz Gosslau
523:
522:
521:Argus Motoren
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
443:Low Countries
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
424:Pas-de-Calais
421:
417:
413:
408:
407:
401:
397:
393:
388:
382:
380:
376:
374:
368:
364:
362:
356:
352:
348:
344:
342:
336:
328:
324:
320:
318:
313:
309:
300:
296:
293:
285:
281:
275:
271:
263:
260:
257:
254:
250:
245:
238:
235:
232:
231:
229:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
203:
199:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
154:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
133:
132:Robert Lusser
130:
126:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
59:
54:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9143:
9125:Not assigned
7435:
7281:
6702:
6695:
6688:
6683:633 Squadron
6681:
6674:
6432:Intelligence
6281:Meillerwagen
6223:Argus As 014
6204:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6093:
6033:SK3 Herkules
5929:A film clip
5919:
5894:
5876:
5858:
5841:
5837:
5818:
5799:
5781:
5770:
5769:
5751:
5732:
5713:
5690:
5681:
5668:
5648:
5630:
5612:
5593:
5574:
5556:
5535:
5526:
5503:
5483:
5465:
5446:
5424:
5406:
5387:
5367:
5347:
5327:
5307:
5296:the original
5271:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5223:
5211:
5203:Bibliography
5191:
5182:
5174:
5170:
5158:. Retrieved
5154:
5145:
5133:. Retrieved
5129:
5120:
5108:. Retrieved
5102:
5093:
5081:
5069:. Retrieved
5062:
5053:
5041:. Retrieved
5037:the original
5027:
5015:. Retrieved
5011:the original
5006:
4997:
4985:
4973:. Retrieved
4969:Tosny Museum
4968:
4959:
4948:
4943:
4931:. Retrieved
4927:
4918:
4906:
4879:
4848:. Retrieved
4840:
4830:
4818:
4806:
4794:
4782:
4770:
4758:
4746:
4734:
4722:
4717:, p. 9.
4710:
4698:
4686:
4674:
4647:
4640:Werrell 2005
4635:
4623:
4611:
4604:Montagu 1978
4599:
4587:
4575:
4563:
4551:
4539:
4513:
4507:
4487:
4480:Jackson 2007
4475:
4470:, p. 8.
4463:
4455:
4451:
4439:
4430:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4393:
4381:
4369:. Retrieved
4365:the original
4360:
4351:
4344:Holmes 2020a
4339:
4327:
4315:. Retrieved
4309:
4299:
4287:
4275:. Retrieved
4271:
4261:
4249:
4240:
4228:, retrieved
4215:
4209:
4197:, retrieved
4193:the original
4187:
4181:
4173:the original
4168:
4159:
4147:
4135:
4123:
4114:
4108:
4096:
4052:
4032:
4025:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3977:
3965:
3953:
3926:. Retrieved
3916:
3909:Werrell 1985
3904:
3892:. Retrieved
3885:the original
3876:
3871:
3864:
3852:. Retrieved
3848:the original
3843:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3765:, retrieved
3759:
3753:
3742:the original
3733:
3728:
3721:
3714:Werrell 1985
3709:
3697:
3685:
3658:
3646:
3634:
3622:
3617:, p. 8.
3610:
3591:
3585:
3580:, p. 5.
3539:
3527:
3515:
3510:, p. 6.
3478:
3473:, p. 7.
3466:
3459:Werrell 1985
3437:
3425:
3413:
3404:
3392:. Retrieved
3382:
3376:
3364:. Retrieved
3360:the original
3355:
3345:
3333:
3306:
3299:Werrell 1985
3265:
3264:
3254:
3242:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3202:
3179:
3170:
3169:
2692:Tøjhusmuseet
2691:
2687:
2673:Farley Mowat
2582:
2576:January 2021
2573:
2562:Please help
2557:verification
2554:
2519:Nazi Germany
2480:
2451:
2438:
2407:
2380:
2377:Soviet Union
2356:
2316:
2308:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2271:
2259:
2239:
2227:
2205:Wright Field
2203:
2199:
2159:
2119:
2057:
2014:
2005:Tower Bridge
2001:
1980:
1968:
1948:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1909:Wulf Schmidt
1904:
1896:
1888:
1886:
1867:
1851:
1830:
1818:
1806:322 Squadron
1802:164 Squadron
1794:501 Squadron
1790:Joseph Berry
1777:
1757:
1722:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1671:
1656:
1650:January 2021
1647:
1636:Please help
1631:verification
1628:
1610:Interceptors
1600:
1588:
1581:
1571:based on an
1539:
1523:
1519:
1511:Lincolnshire
1495:RAF Regiment
1480:
1425:
1398:
1382:
1365:
1333:Arado Ar 234
1330:
1322:Arado Ar 234
1320:Model of an
1306:
1287:
1280:
1244:Reichenbergs
1239:
1203:
1185:
1179:
1155:
1140:
1132:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1099:
1060:
1044:
1014:
977:
973:
936:
916:
909:
897:
876:area bombing
869:
858:
846:
822:
789:Gotha Go 145
786:
770:
739:
724:Argus As 014
679:
659:
657:
637:Erhard Milch
635:
616:
612:
605:
580:
574:
566:Gotha Go 145
554:
547:C. Lorenz AG
542:
538:
531:target drone
496:
489:Paul Schmidt
486:
470:
456:, including
454:air defences
447:
428:
383:
370:
358:
354:
350:
338:
334:
307:
305:
138:Manufacturer
117:World War II
103:Used by
84:Nazi Germany
40:
9137:Unconfirmed
8080:Me 209 (II)
6529:Wunderwaffe
6456:RĂ©seau AGIR
5442:Jones, R.V.
5331:, Penguin,
5310:. Methuen.
5135:14 November
5033:"Startsida"
4971:(in French)
4911:Zaloga 2020
4901:, p. .
4884:Zaloga 2005
4729:, p. .
4681:, p. .
4652:Zaloga 2005
4616:Zaloga 2005
4592:Crowdy 2008
4556:Crowdy 2008
4468:Cooper 1997
4433:(in Dutch).
4400:, p. .
4398:Thomas 2013
4386:Zaloga 2005
4006:Zaloga 2008
3982:Oliver 2018
3970:Zaloga 2005
3946:Zaloga 2008
3911:, p. .
3815:Oliver 2018
3782:Oliver 2018
3690:Oliver 2018
3678:Levine 1992
3651:Oliver 2018
3627:Oliver 2018
3615:Zaloga 2005
3578:Zaloga 2005
3532:Oliver 2018
3520:Zaloga 2005
3508:Zaloga 2005
3471:Zaloga 2005
3442:Reuter 2000
3430:Zaloga 2005
3418:Zaloga 2005
3394:21 February
3284:Zaloga 2005
3191:Vergeltungs
3004:Cosmosphere
2999:, Michigan.
2979:Greencastle
2852:Switzerland
2815:New Zealand
2804:in Overloon
2776:Les Andelys
2769:Omaha Beach
2763:, near the
2740:Saint-Saëns
2738:, north of
2719:Sword Beach
2690:, formerly
2688:Krigsmuseet
2485:as well as
2403:TV guidance
2399:beam-riding
2391:Izdeliye 10
2282:M9 director
1965:Max Wachtel
1546:centimetric
1526:QF 3.7-inch
1507:East Anglia
1499:North Downs
1432: 76"—"
1362:F-1 version
1276:Reichenberg
1266:Reichenberg
1261:stall speed
1255:Reichenberg
1094:blue plaque
1056:Southampton
932:Éperlecques
773:attack boat
734:IWM Duxford
718:Power plant
692:sheet steel
676:V-1 cutaway
668:Description
593:-long-ton)
503:flying bomb
448:As part of
295:Gyrocompass
266:Operational
9157:Categories
8612:301 to 349
8076:Me 209 (I)
8029:201 to 300
7415:101 to 200
6668:In fiction
6602:V-2 No. 13
6519:Wasserfall
6356:Mittelwerk
6296:PeenemĂĽnde
6264:Facilities
6228:Facilities
6206:V-3 cannon
6199:V-2 rocket
5838:Buzz Bomb
5263:Meteor Age
5071:18 October
5017:20 October
4933:12 October
4667:Irons 2003
4580:Jones 1978
4533:required.)
4254:Jones 1978
4230:20 October
4199:20 October
4169:Home Front
3767:20 October
3485:, p.
3483:Evans 2008
3326:Vanek 1999
3166:References
3159:V-3 cannon
3154:V-2 rocket
3134:RAE Larynx
3034:A V-1 and
2981:, Indiana.
2920:Shropshire
2829:, Auckland
2823:, Auckland
2752:in London.
2746:La Coupole
2729:Saint-Omer
2711:Ouistreham
2698:Copenhagen
2387:Mittelwerk
2278:90 mm guns
2246:Montgomery
2217:Hap Arnold
2137:Casualties
2132:1,127,000
2129:1,150,000
2120:2. Results
2011:Assessment
1893:Juan Pujol
1852:The first
1812:president
1552:frequency
1106:PeenemĂĽnde
1102:As.109-014
1083:Grove Road
1063:Eisenhower
1052:Portsmouth
1018:spark plug
900:V-2 rocket
892:guillotine
740:The Argus
683:Kirschkern
627:Karlshagen
617:Luftwaffe'
610:cover name
606:Kirschkern
597:. Project
577:gyroscopes
515:propellers
513:relied on
369:stone) or
361:Kirschkern
341:Höllenhund
224:Detonation
9173:V-weapons
6539:Rheinbote
6388:Siracourt
6373:Sottevast
6180:V-weapons
6028:Kassel 25
6023:Kassel 20
6018:Kassel 12
5043:14 August
3266:Citations
2884:Eden Camp
2791:in Munich
2622:Australia
2607:Australia
2528:Luftwaffe
2505:Operators
2437:USS
1984:Churchill
1942:agent in
1921:Islington
1864:Deception
1860:in 1944.
1740:-engined
1694:Dymchurch
1566:predictor
1562:Bell Labs
1550:gigahertz
1548:, 3
1515:Yorkshire
1446:Home Army
1215:Luftwaffe
1210:North Sea
1199:Luftwaffe
1189:Luftwaffe
1175:Luftwaffe
1172:A German
842:pneumatic
829:autopilot
782:catamaran
758:atomizers
754:fuel pump
661:Das Reich
603:code name
581:Luftwaffe
555:Luftwaffe
543:Fernfeuer
525:company,
507:pulse-jet
498:Luftwaffe
406:Luftwaffe
392:V-weapons
355:doodlebug
351:buzz bomb
347:hellhound
299:autopilot
226:mechanism
205:Amatol-39
107:Luftwaffe
98:1944–1945
8664:Zwilling
6780:1 to 100
6408:Raxwerke
6403:Lehesten
6383:Brécourt
6323:MW 18014
6042:Fieseler
6005:aircraft
5963:Archived
5780:(2002),
5631:Mosquito
5555:(1978),
5444:(1978),
5222:(2013).
5212:Kamikaze
5110:4 August
4990:"Motat."
4496:Archived
4371:16 April
4317:11 March
4277:11 March
4152:Kay 2002
3196:Fieseler
3061:See also
2938:, London
2736:Ardouval
2618:Canberra
2395:Tashkent
2348:Post-war
2325:and the
2234:Brussels
2166:Sorties
1848:Disposal
1475:Hastings
1438:Bornholm
1385:turbojet
1349:for the
1087:Mile End
1010:Normandy
888:elevator
884:spoilers
823:The V-1
778:seaplane
742:pulsejet
714:(crow).
701:Maikäfer
688:fuselage
649:fuselage
641:airframe
599:Fieseler
559:atomized
487:In 1935
416:codename
373:Maikäfer
288:Guidance
259:Pulsejet
207:, later
142:Fieseler
128:Designer
9066:ZSO 523
9026:DFS 468
9011:DFS 446
8977:ZMe 423
8867:DFS 346
8843:WNF 342
8789:DFS 332
8784:DFS 331
8740:ZMe 323
8619:DFS 301
8380:Me 261w
8209:DFS 230
8191:DFS 228
8186:FGP 227
8046:DFS 203
7982:DFS 194
7977:DFS 193
7491:He 111U
7477:Bf 109R
6714:Related
6368:Nucourt
6099:Fi 103R
5160:29 June
4975:25 July
3366:16 June
3089:Fritz X
2997:Portage
2993:Air Zoo
2968:Air Zoo
2907:at the
2861:in Full
2783:Germany
2727:, near
2713:, near
2679:Denmark
2628:Belgium
2473:⁄
2442:in 1951
2304:VT fuse
2230:Antwerp
2172:44,770
2169:86,800
2143:22,892
2081:14,600
2064:Sorties
1745:Mk XIVs
1738:Griffon
1544:and of
1409:Antwerp
1405:Croydon
1302:Ainring
1165:units.
1136:Antwerp
1027:ram air
957:Z-Stoff
949:T-Stoff
906:Warhead
886:on the
833:Askania
807:, Paris
750:venturi
746:nacelle
706:May bug
696:plywood
595:warhead
588:⁄
439:Antwerp
209:Trialen
201:Warhead
9113:Ju 635
9109:He 635
9105:Do 635
9100:Ar 632
9095:Me 609
9090:Me 600
9085:He 535
9081:Do 535
9071:Ar 532
9056:He 519
9051:Me 510
9046:Me 509
9041:He 500
9036:Fw 491
9031:Ju 488
9021:Me 462
9016:Ju 452
9001:Ar 440
8996:Do 435
8991:Ar 432
8986:Ka 430
8982:Ar 430
8972:He 419
8967:Do 417
8962:Me 410
8957:Me 409
8952:Ta 400
8947:Ar 396
8942:Ar 393
8937:Fw 391
8932:Ju 390
8927:Ju 388
8922:Me 368
8917:Me 364
8912:Me 362
8907:Ju 356
8903:Fi 356
8898:Ju 352
8882:Ba 349
8872:Rk 347
8862:Go 345
8857:So 344
8853:Rk 344
8848:He 343
8833:Ar 340
8828:Fl 339
8818:Ju 337
8813:Fa 336
8808:Do 335
8803:Me 334
8799:Ar 334
8794:Fi 333
8779:Fa 330
8774:Me 329
8769:Me 328
8764:Me 327
8754:Fw 325
8750:Fa 325
8736:Me 323
8731:Ju 322
8726:Me 321
8721:Me 320
8716:He 319
8711:Do 318
8706:Do 317
8696:Hs 315
8671:Me 310
8659:Me 309
8603:Fw 300
8598:Ju 299
8593:Hs 298
8588:Hs 297
8583:Hs 296
8579:Ar 296
8574:Hs 295
8569:Hs 294
8564:Hs 293
8559:Hs 292
8555:As 292
8550:Hs 291
8545:Ju 290
8540:Ju 289
8535:Ju 288
8531:Do 288
8526:Ju 287
8521:Ju 286
8516:Fl 285
8511:Fa 284
8506:Fa 283
8501:Fl 282
8496:He 281
8491:He 280
8486:He 279
8481:He 278
8476:He 277
8471:He 276
8466:He 275
8461:He 274
8456:He 273
8451:He 272
8446:We 271
8441:He 270
8436:Fa 269
8431:Ju 268
8426:Ho 267
8421:Go 266
8417:Fa 266
8412:Me 265
8408:Fl 265
8403:Me 264
8385:Me 262
8376:Me 261
8366:Fw 259
8356:SK 257
8351:Fi 256
8341:Ta 254
8337:Ho 254
8332:Ho 253
8328:Fi 253
8323:Ju 252
8318:Ho 252
8313:Ho 251
8308:Ho 250
8304:BV 250
8299:Ju 248
8289:BV 246
8284:Go 245
8279:Go 244
8274:Me 243
8269:Go 242
8264:Go 241
8259:Ar 240
8249:BV 238
8244:BV 237
8239:Fa 236
8234:Do 235
8229:Ar 234
8224:Ar 233
8219:Ar 232
8214:Ar 231
8200:Ho 229
8196:Go 229
8181:Ho 226
8177:BV 226
8172:Fa 225
8168:Ao 225
8163:Fa 224
8158:Fa 223
8153:BV 222
8148:Do 221
8143:He 220
8138:He 219
8133:Do 218
8128:Hs 217
8124:Do 217
8119:Do 216
8114:Do 215
8109:Do 214
8099:Do 212
8090:HĂĽ 211
8085:Me 210
8071:Me 208
8061:Fw 206
8051:Si 204
8041:Si 202
8036:Si 201
8020:Fw 200
8016:Do 200
8011:Ar 199
8006:Ar 198
8001:Ar 197
7996:Ar 196
7991:Ar 195
7986:Me 194
7973:Ao 193
7968:Ao 192
7963:Fw 191
7958:Fw 190
7953:Fw 189
7948:Ju 188
7944:Fw 188
7939:Ju 187
7935:Fw 187
7930:Ju 186
7926:Fw 186
7921:Fl 185
7916:Fl 184
7911:Ta 183
7907:BĂĽ 183
7902:BĂĽ 182
7897:BĂĽ 181
7892:He 180
7888:BĂĽ 180
7883:He 179
7878:He 178
7873:He 177
7868:He 176
7858:He 174
7853:He 173
7848:He 172
7843:He 171
7838:He 170
7833:Fi 169
7828:Fi 168
7823:Fi 167
7818:FK 166
7814:Fi 166
7809:Bf 165
7799:Me 163
7795:Li 163
7791:Bf 163
7786:He 162
7782:Bf 162
7777:Bf 161
7772:Ju 160
7767:Fw 159
7762:Fi 158
7757:Fi 157
7752:Fi 156
7747:Me 155
7743:Kl 155
7739:BV 155
7734:Ta 154
7730:Kl 154
7725:Ta 153
7721:Kl 153
7716:Ta 152
7712:Kl 152
7707:Kl 151
7702:Go 150
7697:Go 149
7692:Go 148
7687:Ju 147
7683:Go 147
7678:Go 146
7673:Go 145
7668:BV 144
7663:BV 143
7658:BV 142
7653:BV 141
7648:Ha 140
7643:Ha 139
7638:BV 138
7633:Ha 137
7628:HĂĽ 136
7624:Ha 136
7619:Ha 135
7614:BĂĽ 134
7609:BĂĽ 133
7604:Hs 132
7600:BĂĽ 132
7595:BĂĽ 131
7590:Hs 130
7585:Hs 129
7580:Hs 128
7575:Hs 127
7570:Hs 126
7565:Hs 125
7560:Hs 124
7555:Hs 123
7550:Hs 122
7545:Hs 121
7540:He 120
7535:He 119
7530:He 118
7525:Hs 117
7521:He 117
7516:He 116
7511:He 115
7506:He 114
7501:He 113
7496:He 112
7487:He 111
7482:Bf 110
7473:Bf 109
7468:Bf 108
7463:Kl 107
7458:Kl 106
7453:Kl 105
7448:Fh 104
7436:Fi 103
7432:Al 103
7427:Al 102
7422:Al 101
7406:He 100
7402:Fi 100
7282:FZG 76
7116:DFS 54
7022:DFS 40
7013:DFS 39
6423:Allied
6269:Blizna
6176:German
6134:Fi 333
6129:Fi 253
6124:Fi 168
6119:Fi 167
6114:Fi 158
6109:Fi 157
6104:Fi 156
6094:Fi 103
6011:Kassel
5912:
5901:
5883:
5865:
5847:
5825:
5806:
5788:
5758:
5739:
5720:
5701:
5655:
5637:
5619:
5600:
5581:
5563:
5542:
5515:
5490:
5472:
5454:
5431:
5413:
5394:
5375:
5354:
5335:
5314:
5278:
5230:
4527:
4040:
3894:27 May
3879:]
3854:27 May
3736:]
3598:
3390:. 1944
2834:Sweden
2704:France
2650:Canada
2516:
2371:LeO 45
2353:France
2180:1,260
2140:92,566
2092:4,681
2089:71,700
2078:61,149
2070:8,025
2067:90,000
2049:Blitz
2034:(2009)
1998:Effect
1973:Oberst
1944:Lisbon
1938:Abwehr
1903:) and
1897:Brutus
1839:as an
1373:Volkel
1339:Mistel
1006:Calais
1002:Oberst
912:Amatol
819:(2009)
766:thrust
653:Fw 200
535:FZG 43
533:, the
501:for a
435:Allied
379:maybug
367:cherry
312:German
297:based
290:system
252:Engine
188:Height
172:Length
151:5,090
9076:8-534
9061:8-520
9006:8-445
8877:8-348
8838:8-341
8823:8-338
8759:8-326
8745:8-324
8701:8-316
8691:8-314
8686:8-313
8681:8-312
8676:8-311
8654:8-308
8649:8-307
8644:8-306
8639:8-305
8634:8-304
8629:8-303
8624:8-302
8371:8-260
8361:8-258
8346:8-255
8294:8-247
8254:8-239
8205:8-230
8104:8-213
8095:8-212
8066:8-207
8056:8-205
7863:8-175
7397:Fi 99
7392:Fi 98
7387:Fi 97
7382:Ar 96
7377:Ar 95
7372:Ju 94
7367:Ju 93
7362:Ju 92
7357:Ju 91
7352:Ju 90
7347:Ju 89
7342:Ju 88
7337:Ju 87
7332:Ju 86
7327:Ju 85
7322:Al 84
7307:Ar 81
7302:Ar 80
7297:Ar 79
7292:Ar 78
7287:Ar 77
7278:Ar 76
7273:Al 75
7268:He 74
7263:He 73
7258:He 72
7253:He 71
7244:He 70
7239:Ar 69
7234:Ar 68
7229:Ar 67
7224:He 66
7220:Ar 66
7215:He 65
7211:Ar 65
7206:He 64
7202:Ar 64
7197:He 63
7188:He 62
7184:Fw 62
7179:He 61
7175:Fw 61
7171:Fa 61
7166:Ju 60
7162:He 60
7157:He 59
7152:He 58
7148:Fw 58
7143:Fw 57
7134:Fw 56
7129:NR 55
7125:Fw 55
7120:NR 54
7111:Ju 53
7106:Ju 52
7102:He 52
7097:He 51
7092:Ju 50
7088:He 50
7083:Ju 49
7079:He 49
7074:Ju 48
7069:He 47
7065:Fw 47
7060:Ju 46
7056:He 46
7051:He 45
7046:Fw 44
7041:Fw 43
7036:He 42
7032:Fw 42
7027:He 41
7018:BV 40
7008:Ju 38
7004:He 38
6999:He 37
6994:Kl 36
6989:Kl 35
6984:Ju 34
6979:Ju 33
6974:Kl 32
6969:Kl 31
6964:Fw 30
6959:Do 29
6945:Kl 27
6941:Do 27
6932:Kl 26
6928:Do 26
6923:Kl 25
6919:Do 25
6914:Do 24
6909:Do 23
6904:Do 22
6894:Do 20
6889:Do 19
6884:Do 18
6879:Do 17
6874:Wn 16
6870:Do 16
6865:Do 15
6860:Do 14
6855:Do 13
6850:Do 12
6841:Wn 11
6837:Do 11
6832:Do 10
6812:DFS 6
6623:Other
6178:WWII
6089:Fi 99
6084:Fi 98
6079:Fi 97
5673:(PDF)
5299:(PDF)
5292:(PDF)
4850:1 May
4311:Wired
3928:9 May
3888:(PDF)
3881:(PDF)
3875:[
3745:(PDF)
3738:(PDF)
3732:[
3203:8-103
3027:, in
2420:Lilli
2414:Lilli
2340:Baika
2333:Baika
2191:2,233
2111:7,690
2100:3,075
2040:Blitz
1956:Ultra
1952:'
1949:Ostro
1934:, an
1932:Ostro
1889:Garbo
1590:Times
1485:with
1292:or a
1048:D-Day
1022:Bosch
994:Rouen
711:Krähe
268:range
180:Width
7317:8-83
7312:8-82
7249:8-71
7193:8-63
7139:8-57
6955:8-29
6950:8-28
6937:8-27
6899:8-21
6846:8-12
6827:Gö 9
6822:Gö 8
6807:Fi 5
6792:Fi 2
6772:list
6640:DF-1
5910:ISBN
5899:ISBN
5881:ISBN
5863:ISBN
5845:ISBN
5823:ISBN
5804:ISBN
5786:ISBN
5756:ISBN
5737:ISBN
5718:ISBN
5699:ISBN
5653:ISBN
5635:ISBN
5617:ISBN
5598:ISBN
5579:ISBN
5561:ISBN
5540:ISBN
5513:ISBN
5488:ISBN
5470:ISBN
5452:ISBN
5429:ISBN
5411:ISBN
5392:ISBN
5373:ISBN
5352:ISBN
5333:ISBN
5312:ISBN
5276:ISBN
5228:ISBN
5162:2022
5137:2023
5112:2018
5073:2017
5045:2011
5019:2010
4977:2020
4935:2022
4852:2018
4373:2007
4319:2023
4279:2023
4232:2010
4222:JPEG
4201:2010
4038:ISBN
3930:2017
3896:2018
3856:2018
3769:2010
3596:ISBN
3396:2012
3368:2014
3124:Ohka
3002:The
2767:and
2755:The
2717:and
2715:Caen
2684:The
2612:The
2497:and
2483:LSTs
2439:Cusk
2401:and
2240:The
2232:and
2194:805
2183:351
2154:1.6
2052:V-1
1905:Tate
1736:and
1714:gyro
1434:Flak
1273:The
1113:LXV
1111:The
1054:and
998:Caen
996:and
852:and
608:and
549:and
306:The
164:Mass
113:Wars
70:Type
6817:8-7
6802:8-4
6797:8-3
6787:8-1
6635:R-2
6630:R-1
6555:USA
6257:V-2
6216:V-1
6074:F 6
6069:F 5
6064:F 4
6059:F 3
6054:F 2
6049:F 1
5509:222
4520:doi
3487:660
3205:.
3006:in
2995:in
2918:in
2905:V-2
2759:in
2696:in
2658:in
2616:in
2566:by
2151:1.6
1990:of
1810:KLM
1640:by
1401:V-2
1202:'s
1008:to
479:".
381:).
353:or
331:RLM
9159::
5697:.
5695:81
5511:,
5190:.
5153:.
5128:.
5101:.
5061:.
5005:.
4951:–
4926:.
4891:^
4860:^
4843:.
4839:.
4659:^
4429:.
4412:.
4359:.
4308:.
4270:.
4167:.
4079:^
4064:^
3938:^
3842:.
3670:^
3568:^
3551:^
3494:^
3449:^
3386:.
3354:.
3318:^
3291:^
3274:^
2924:A
2620:,
2501:.
2114:0
2103:0
1579:.
1285:.
1182:3.
1180:KG
1163:AA
1138:.
1085:,
1058:.
1029:.
902:.
856:.
633:.
629:,
619:s
468:.
460:,
314::
153:RM
9111:/
9107:/
9083:/
8984:/
8905:/
8855:/
8801:/
8752:/
8738:/
8581:/
8557:/
8533:/
8419:/
8410:/
8396:/
8392:/
8378:/
8339:/
8330:/
8306:/
8207:/
8198:/
8179:/
8170:/
8126:/
8097:/
8078:/
8018:/
7984:/
7975:/
7946:/
7937:/
7928:/
7909:/
7890:/
7816:/
7797:/
7793:/
7784:/
7745:/
7741:/
7732:/
7723:/
7714:/
7685:/
7626:/
7602:/
7523:/
7489:/
7475:/
7441:R
7434:/
7404:/
7280:/
7251:/
7222:/
7213:/
7204:/
7195:/
7186:/
7177:/
7173:/
7164:/
7150:/
7141:/
7127:/
7118:/
7104:/
7090:/
7081:/
7067:/
7058:/
7034:/
7020:/
7006:/
6957:/
6943:/
6939:/
6930:/
6921:/
6872:/
6848:/
6839:/
6774:)
6770:(
6760:e
6753:t
6746:v
6168:e
6161:t
6154:v
5995:e
5988:t
5981:v
5916:)
5831:.
5812:.
5764:.
5745:.
5726:.
5707:.
5661:.
5606:.
5587:.
5497:.
5400:.
5381:.
5360:.
5342:.
5320:.
5236:.
5194:.
5164:.
5139:.
5114:.
5075:.
5047:.
5021:.
4979:.
4937:.
4854:.
4522::
4375:.
4321:.
4281:.
4235:.
4224:)
4220:(
4204:.
4142:.
4046:.
3932:.
3898:.
3858:.
3772:.
3604:.
3489:.
3398:.
3370:.
3249:.
3031:.
2694:)
2589:)
2583:(
2578:)
2574:(
2560:.
2475:2
2471:1
2468:+
2466:2
1907:(
1899:(
1891:(
1800:(
1792:(
1663:)
1657:(
1652:)
1648:(
1634:.
1513:–
1423:.
955:(
947:(
704:(
590:2
586:1
537:(
390:(
377:(
365:(
345:(
329:(
319:1
310:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.