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have been recovered, they are painted and represent partial calendrical dates from 906 to 907 AD, which is consistent with the Chan Chahk’ahk
Nalajaw period of government. The formal entrance, the hierarchy of the structures through the different elevations, and the absence of domestic elements suggest that this space corresponds to a royal palace with administrative and non-residential functions, where the ruling group must have had meetings to collect the tribute, make decisions, and dictate sentences among other activities. These set of buildings are the finest of Uxmal's several fine quadrangles of long buildings. It has elaborately carved façades on both the inside and outside faces.
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700:). The ball court's condition is very deteriorated, and it’s made of two constructions of medium dimensions that make up the sides of the court with the rings by which the ball was to be introduced. The originally carved stone rings were removed to protect them from the elements and were replaced by reproductions. This game has always been related to mythical and cosmic aspects. The ball symbolized the movements of the stars in the sky and the players, in repeated occasions, symbolically staged the fight of the day against the night or the struggle of the deities of the underworld against the gods of heaven.
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Since these events occur every eight years, always in late April or early May, heralding the onset of the rainy season, it is significant that the decoration of the building's facade contains almost 400 Venus glyphs placed in the masks of the rain god Chac, and that there are eight bicephalic serpents above the main entrance; additionally, numerals 8 in bar-and-dot notation appear on two Chac masks at the northern corners of the palace.
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With an approximate azimuth of 118°, the building is oriented to the main pyramid of
Cehtzuc, a small site located nearly 5 km to the southeast. Observing from there, Venus as evening star, when reaching its maximum northerly extremes, would have set behind the northern edge of the Governor's Palace.
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structure, unusual among Maya structures in that its layers' outlines are oval or elliptical in shape, instead of the more common rectilinear plan. It was a common practice in
Mesoamerica to build new temple pyramids atop older ones, but here a newer pyramid was built centered slightly to the east
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was built from 900-1000, and the name related with nuns was assigned in the 16th century because it resembled a convent. The quadrangle consists of four palaces placed on different levels that surround a courtyard. Of the different buildings that make up this palatial complex, several vault tops
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style, with smooth low walls that open on ornate friezes based on representations of typical Maya huts. These are represented by columns (representing the reeds used for the walls of the huts) and trapezoidal shapes (representing the thatched roofs). Entwined snakes and, in many cases two-headed
748:. The plaster replicas of the architecture were destroyed following the fair, but some of the plaster casts of Uxmal's monuments are still kept at Tulane's Middle American Research Institute. In 1936 a Mexican government repair and consolidation program was begun under José Erosa Peniche.
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made a map of the site in 1909 which included some previously overlooked buildings. The
Mexican government's first project to protect some of the structures from risk of collapse or further decay came in 1927. In 1930
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connect the buildings, and also were built to other cities in the area such as Chichén Itzá in modern-day Mexico, Caracol and
Xunantunich in modern-day Belize, and Tikal in modern-day Guatemala.
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its big noses represent the rays of the storms. Feathered serpents with open fangs are shown leaving from the same human beings. Also seen in some cities are the influences of the
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visited on 27 February 1975 for the inauguration of the site's sound & light show. When the presentation reached the point where the sound system played the Maya prayer to
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expedition to the site. They made plaster casts of the façades of the "Nunnery
Quadrangle"; using these casts, a replica of the Quadrangle was constructed and displayed at the
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651:), which is also the basis for the structure's common name. Multiple versions of this tale are recorded. It was popularised after one of these was recounted by
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meaning "three times built." This seems to refer to the site's antiquity and the times it had to rebuild. The etymology is disputed; another possibility is
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Ortega-Morales O; Guezennec J; Hernández-Duque G; Gaylarde CC; Gaylarde PM (2000). "Phototrophic biofilms on ancient Mayan buildings in Yucatán, Mexico".
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which means "what is to come, the future." By tradition, this was supposed to be an "invisible city," built in one night by the magic of the dwarf king.
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of the older pyramid, so that on the west side the temple atop the old pyramid is preserved, with the newer temple above it.
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The structure is featured in one of the best-known tales of
Yucatec Maya folklore, "el enano del Uxmal" (
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The buildings take advantage of the terrain to gain height and acquire important volumes, including the
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Gómez-Pompa, Arturo (2003). "Chapter 9 / Interaction of
Microorganisms with Maya Archaeological".
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state in Mexico. Its buildings are noted for their size and decoration. Ancient roads called
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852:. Connecting Cultures (annotated ed.). Libraries Unlimited. p. 390.
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also known as Lord Chac (before the decipherment of his corresponding name
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These were integrated with the original elements of the Puuc tradition.
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The
Lowland Maya area: Three Millennia at the Human-Wildland Interface
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900:"The Venus-Rain-Maize Complex in the Mesoamerican World View: Part I"
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Connecting
Cultures: A Guide to Multicultural Literature for Children
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were prevalent in the interiors of rooms with low light levels.
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Earliest 16th-century monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl
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Earliest 16th-century monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl
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have been found degrading stone buildings at Uxmal and Kabah.
759:(the Maya rain deity), a sudden torrential downpour occurred.
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Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila
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Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan
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Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatán
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2003:
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are found more often on interior walls. Stone degrading
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Maya sites that survived the end of the Classic Period
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El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve
981:. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 423–425.
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fungi species are present at Chichen Itza and Uxmal.
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Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of
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Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro
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city of the classical period located in present-day
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6th-century establishments in the Maya civilization
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for more articles see Category:Maya sites in Mexico
819:
List of archaeoastronomical sites sorted by country
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564:Nunnery Quadrangle and the Pyramid of the Magician
969:
945:Šprajc, Ivan (2015). Ruggles, Clive L. N. (ed.).
847:
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663:(ruler or king) of Uxmal. The dwarf's mother (a
2559:Populated places established in the 6th century
947:Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy
474:Some of the more noteworthy buildings include:
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624:View of the pyramid and the surrounding jungle
612:Sculptural image on the corner of the building
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401:snakes are used for masks of the rain god,
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2241:Sanctuary of Jesús Nazareno de Atotonilco
2186:Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
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29:This article includes a list of general
2354:Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of
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516:Governor's Palace rear view and details
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2383:Central University City Campus of the
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897:
440:The present name seems to derive from
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379:Uxmal is located 62 km south of
904:Journal for the History of Astronomy
793:were also present in large numbers.
708:Detail of the "House of the Turtles"
15:
2415:Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve
2284:Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve
2277:Islands and Protected Areas of the
2179:Islands and Protected Areas of the
1046:SÁNCHEZ, LUIS CARLOS (2014-09-01).
873:Jesús, Galindo (27 November 2009).
724:nightly show on Nunnery Quadrangle.
638:or the Pyramid of the Dwarf), is a
600:Snake and traditional Mayan lattice
13:
1048:"Pelean por los derechos de Uxmal"
753:Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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2554:Former populated places in Mexico
2371:Archaeological Monuments Zone of
1001:"The Nunnery Quadrangle in Uxmal"
588:Maya images of people and animals
457:Map of a central portion of Uxmal
396:Its buildings are typical of the
218:Late Classic to Terminal Classic.
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1028:. mayanpeninsula.com. 2018-10-04
875:Arqueoastronomía Ámerica Antigua
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2351:in the Central Valley of Oaxaca
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1026:"The Mayan Ball Court in Uxmal"
364:along with the nearby ruins of
2574:World Heritage Sites in Mexico
2569:Tourist attractions in Yucatán
2410:Luis Barragán House and Studio
2191:Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino
2155:World Heritage Sites in Mexico
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1050:(in Spanish). excelsior.com.mx
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977:. Vol. 2. Illustrated by
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949:. Springer. pp. 773–781.
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655:in his influential 1841 book,
1:
2395:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
2273:Hospicio Cabañas, Guadalajara
2207:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
834:
824:List of Mesoamerican pyramids
113:
2549:National Monuments of Mexico
2461:Sian Kaʼan Biosphere Reserve
7:
2448:Historic Fortified Town of
2378:Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque
2337:and Archaeological Site of
2316:Historic Monuments Zone of
2222:Historic Monuments Zone of
812:
713:Modern history of the ruins
540:Governor's Palace side view
528:Governor's Palace rear view
435:
412:, who followed the cult of
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924:10.1177/002182869302400102
848:Rebecca L. Thomas (1996).
254:Pre-Hispanic Town of Uxmal
244:UNESCO World Heritage Site
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2420:Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley
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2262:Revillagigedo Archipelago
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504:Governor's Palace details
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692:Chan Chak K'ak'nal Ajaw
636:Pyramid of the Magician
462:Description of the site
430:Pyramid of the Magician
352:. It is located in the
94:Pyramid of the Magician
50:more precise citations.
2170:Paquimé, Casas Grandes
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2544:Maya sites in Yucatán
2510:20.35944°N 89.77139°W
2465:Pre-Hispanic Town of
2454:Pre-Hispanic City of
2424:Pre-Hispanic City of
2343:Prehistoric Caves of
2304:Pre-Hispanic City of
2237:San Miguel de Allende
1186:Actun Tunichil Muknal
1082:10.1007/s002849910015
898:Šprajc, Ivan (1993).
763:Microbial degradation
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687:Mesoamerican ballgame
479:The Governor's Palace
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186:20.35944°N 89.77139°W
133:Alternative name
1368:Altar de Sacrificios
1121:. pp. 175–192.
1070:Current Microbiology
979:Frederick Catherwood
552:Throne of the Jaguar
264:Cultural: i, ii, iii
2515:20.35944; -89.77139
2506: /
2479:Shared by more one
2399:Historic Centre of
2333:Historic Centre of
2310:Historic Centre of
2266:Historic Centre of
2216:Historic Centre of
916:1993JHA....24...17S
653:John Lloyd Stephens
362:World Heritage Site
191:20.35944; -89.77139
182: /
83:
2279:Gulf of California
2235:Protected town of
2232:and Adjacent Mines
2181:Gulf of California
1005:mayanpeninsula.com
729:Sylvanus G. Morley
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675:Nunnery Quadrangle
649:the dwarf of Uxmal
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251:Official name
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2114:Pre-Columbian era
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1568:Motul de San José
1201:Barton Creek Cave
971:Stephens, John L.
877:. Equipo Sirius.
746:Chicago, Illinois
742:1933 World's Fair
738:Tulane University
470:Governor's Palace
358:Yucatán Peninsula
309:[óˑʃmáˑl]
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78:Ancient Maya city
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1598:Piedras Negras
1595:
1590:
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1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
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1400:
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1359:
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1351:
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1343:
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1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1276:Marco Gonzalez
1273:
1268:
1263:
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1253:
1248:
1243:
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1223:
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1143:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1103:
1060:
1038:
1017:
992:
962:
955:
937:
910:(1–2): 17–70.
890:
883:
865:
858:
839:
838:
836:
833:
832:
831:
826:
821:
814:
811:
764:
761:
714:
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702:
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679:
645:
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623:
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532:
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508:
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492:
487:
486:
463:
460:
437:
434:
292:
291:
288:
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280:
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270:
266:
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256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
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230:
229:
224:
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212:
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166:
162:
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156:
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142:
138:
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134:
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111:
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102:
101:
98:
97:
92:
77:
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73:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2591:
2580:
2577:
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2567:
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2557:
2555:
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2418:
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2413:
2411:
2408:
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2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:South Central
2363:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
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2227:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:North Central
2198:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
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2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2115:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
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2092:
2091:Joya de Cerén
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:Moral Reforma
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
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1892:
1890:
1887:
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1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
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1852:
1850:
1849:Dzibilchaltun
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
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1805:
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1444:
1441:
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1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Cotzumalhuapa
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
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1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:Nohoch Cheʼen
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
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1269:
1267:
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1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
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1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
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1144:
1141:
1130:
1128:9781560229711
1124:
1120:
1116:
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1099:
1095:
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1087:
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1079:
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1064:
1049:
1042:
1027:
1021:
1006:
1002:
996:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
966:
958:
956:9781461461425
952:
948:
941:
933:
929:
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921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
894:
886:
884:9788492509560
880:
876:
869:
861:
859:9780835237604
855:
851:
844:
840:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
810:
808:
807:Cyanobacteria
804:
803:
798:
797:
796:Aureobasidium
792:
791:
790:Synechocystis
786:
785:
780:
779:
774:
770:
760:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
723:
719:
706:
699:
695:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:
670:
668:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
620:
615:
608:
603:
596:
591:
584:
579:
572:
567:
560:
555:
548:
543:
536:
531:
524:
519:
512:
507:
500:
495:
494:
489:
488:
484:
480:
477:
476:
475:
468:
455:
451:
449:
447:
443:
433:
431:
426:
424:
422:
417:
416:
411:
410:Nahua peoples
407:
405:
399:
394:
392:
391:
386:
383:, capital of
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
306:
302:
298:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:
271:
267:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
240:
236:
231:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
195:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
124:
108:
99:
95:
90:
85:
70:
67:
59:
49:
45:
39:
38:
32:
27:
18:
17:
2491:
2466:
2456:Chichén Itzá
2053:
1998:
1974:San Gervasio
1814:Chichen Itza
1759:Aguada Fénix
1713:Zapote Bobal
1643:Takalik Abaj
1633:San Clemente
1286:Nim Li Punit
1113:
1106:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1052:. Retrieved
1041:
1030:. Retrieved
1020:
1009:. Retrieved
1007:. 2018-10-03
1004:
995:
974:
965:
946:
940:
907:
903:
893:
874:
868:
849:
843:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
766:
750:
727:
721:
690:
682:
674:
664:
660:
656:
648:
646:
634:(a.k.a. the
631:
478:
473:
450:
445:
441:
439:
427:
419:
415:Quetzalcoatl
413:
402:
395:
388:
378:
326:Chichen Itza
304:
301:Yucatec Maya
296:
295:
62:
53:
34:
2513: /
2426:Teotihuacán
2401:Mexico City
2339:Monte Albán
2318:Tlacotalpan
2081:Casa Blanca
2068:El Salvador
1819:Chunchucmil
1774:Balankanche
1683:Wajxaklajun
1648:Tamarindito
1628:San Bartolo
1558:Mixco Viejo
1513:Kaminaljuyu
1448:El Porvenir
1393:Cerro Quiac
1336:Xunantunich
1311:San Estevan
1266:Lower Dover
1076:(2): 81–5.
773:Phototrophs
483:Mesoamerica
354:Puuc region
338:Xunantunich
332:in Mexico,
282:1996 (20th
279:Inscription
189: /
165:Coordinates
123:Mesoamerica
48:introducing
2534:Maya sites
2528:Categories
2501:89°46′17″W
2498:20°21′34″N
2435:South East
2405:Xochimilco
2373:Xochicalco
2327:South West
2230:Guanajuato
2162:North West
2112:See also:
2096:San Andrés
2076:Cara Sucia
1989:Tortuguero
1864:Hormiguero
1839:Comalcalco
1809:Chinkultic
1794:Chacchoben
1668:Tres Islas
1553:Machaquila
1543:La Joyanca
1453:El Temblor
1438:El Mirador
1413:Chutixtiox
1403:Chitinamit
1316:Santa Rita
1261:Louisville
1221:Chaa Creek
1206:Cahal Pech
1196:Baking Pot
1170:Maya sites
1054:2021-05-12
1032:2021-05-12
1011:2021-05-12
835:References
784:Gloeocapsa
778:Xenococcus
767:Microbial
734:Frans Blom
661:gobernador
233:Site notes
177:89°46′17″W
174:20°21′34″N
56:April 2009
31:references
2224:Querétaro
2218:Zacatecas
2034:Yaxchilan
1964:Punta Sur
1899:Kohunlich
1859:Ekʼ Balam
1844:Dzibanche
1829:Chunlimón
1824:Chunhuhub
1736:El Puente
1613:Qʼumarkaj
1548:La Muerta
1538:La Corona
1533:La Blanca
1528:La Amelia
1458:El Tintal
1423:Dos Pilas
1355:Guatemala
1271:Lubaantun
1241:KaʼKabish
1119:CRC Press
932:118585661
683:Ballcourt
350:Guatemala
269:Reference
2450:Campeche
2443:Calakmul
2356:Palenque
2306:El Tajín
2239:and the
2086:Cihuatán
2049:Yoʼokop
1949:Palenque
1944:Oxkintok
1804:Chicanná
1789:Calakmul
1784:Bonampak
1723:Honduras
1703:Zacpeten
1673:Uaxactun
1618:Río Azul
1608:Quiriguá
1573:Naachtun
1523:Kʼatepan
1503:Ixtonton
1378:Balberta
1363:Aguateca
1301:Pacbitun
1251:La Milpa
1236:El Pilar
1191:Altun Ha
1098:25345460
1090:10594218
973:(1841).
813:See also
802:Fusarium
775:such as
769:biofilms
681:A large
436:Toponymy
330:Calakmul
322:Palenque
260:Criteria
223:Cultures
141:Location
2268:Morelia
2101:Tazumal
2029:Xtampak
1969:Río Bec
1939:Ocomtún
1919:Mayapan
1904:Komchen
1799:Chactún
1769:Balamku
1754:Acanceh
1708:Zaculeu
1663:Topoxte
1653:Tayasal
1593:Pajaral
1588:Naranjo
1563:Montana
1488:Iximche
1468:Guaytán
1463:El Zotz
1443:El Perú
1433:El Chal
1428:El Baúl
1408:Chocolá
1388:Cancuén
1383:Bejucal
1326:Uxbenka
1306:Pusilha
1281:Minanha
1256:Lamanai
1211:Caracol
912:Bibcode
632:Adivino
385:Yucatán
334:Caracol
305:Óoxmáal
284:Session
215:Periods
207:Founded
202:History
159:Yucatán
147:,
145:Yucatán
136:Óoxmáal
44:improve
2481:region
2335:Oaxaca
2312:Puebla
2039:Yaxuná
2024:Xpuhil
2019:Xlapak
2009:Xcaret
1984:Toniná
1959:Pomona
1914:La Mar
1884:Joljaʼ
1869:Izamal
1746:Mexico
1693:Xultun
1688:Witzna
1678:Ucanal
1638:Seibal
1508:Ixtutz
1478:Holtun
1473:Holmul
1331:Xnaheb
1291:Nohmul
1246:Kʼaxob
1231:Cuello
1216:Cerros
1178:Belize
1125:
1096:
1088:
987:863468
985:
953:
930:
881:
856:
751:Queen
736:led a
698:glyphs
446:Uchmal
442:Oxmal,
421:Tlaloc
390:sacbes
381:Mérida
344:, and
342:Belize
318:Mexico
210:700 AD
155:Region
149:Mexico
33:, but
2539:Uxmal
2467:Uxmal
2349:Mitla
2345:Yagul
2014:Xelha
1999:Uxmal
1994:Tulum
1979:Sayil
1934:Muyil
1909:Labna
1894:Kiuic
1889:Kabah
1879:Jaina
1874:Izapa
1854:Edzna
1779:Becan
1731:Copán
1698:Yaxha
1658:Tikal
1623:Sacul
1583:Nakum
1578:Nakbe
1518:Kinal
1493:Ixkun
1483:Itzan
1398:Chama
1226:Colha
1094:S2CID
928:S2CID
829:Sayil
757:Chaac
666:bruja
404:Chaac
374:Labna
370:Sayil
366:Kabah
346:Tikal
297:Uxmal
82:Uxmal
2403:and
2385:UNAM
2347:and
2293:East
2250:West
2044:Yula
2004:Uxul
1924:Maní
1834:Coba
1498:Ixlu
1321:Tipu
1123:ISBN
1086:PMID
983:OCLC
951:ISBN
879:ISBN
854:ISBN
799:and
787:and
673:The
630:The
418:and
398:Puuc
372:and
336:and
328:and
314:Maya
1764:Aké
1078:doi
920:doi
744:in
348:in
340:in
273:791
2530::
1117:.
1092:.
1084:.
1074:40
1072:.
1003:.
926:.
918:.
908:24
906:.
902:.
376:.
368:,
324:,
303::
2445:,
2147:e
2140:t
2133:v
2058:)
2052:(
1162:e
1155:t
1148:v
1131:.
1100:.
1080::
1057:.
1035:.
1014:.
989:.
959:.
934:.
922::
914::
887:.
862:.
694:,
485:.
423:.
406:;
299:(
286:)
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
