User:Equendil/Paris3

163:{{Major French Cities |native_name = Ville de Paris |common_name = Paris |image_flag = Paris flag.png |image_flag_size = 85px |image_coat_of_arms = Paris coa.png |image_coat_of_arms_size = 120px |flag_legend = City flag |Coat_of_arms_legend = City coat of arms |city_motto = '']'' "Tossed by the waves, she does not founder" |image_map = France_jms.gif |x = 125 |y = 65 |time zone = CET (GMT +1) |lat_long = {{coord|48|52|0|N|2|19|59|E|type:city}} |region = ] |departement = Paris (75) |mayor = ] (]) |area = ] <ref name="area"> Excluding ] and ]</ref> |subdivisions_entry = ''']s''' |subdivisions = ] |date-population =2004 estimate |population = 2,144,700 |population-ranking= (1st in France) |date-density = 2004 |density = 24,672/km² <ref name="area" /> |UU-area = ] |UU-area-date = 1999 |UU-pop = 9 644 507 |UU-pop-date =1999 |AU-area = ] |AU-area-date = 1999 |AU-pop = 11,174,743 |AU-pop-date =1999 |}} 1290: 3244: 248: 4117: 4364: 4212: 3554: 4402: 4014: 4155: 4345: 517: 2350:, Paris has no inter-commune council or association treating the problems of the region's densest urban growth as a whole; Paris' alienation of its suburbs is indeed a problem today, and considered by many to be the main causes of civil unrest such as suburban riots in 2005. A direct result of these unfortunate events were propositions for a more efficient metropolitan structure to cover the city of Paris and some of the suburbs, ranging from a socialist idea of a loose "metropolitan conference" ( 3232: 2552: 4288: 4037: 3991: 2926: 4098: 2669: 3915: 2912: 2564: 3972: 2742: 4079: 4193: 4174: 4231: 4383: 3953: 3858: 4449: 4326: 4250: 2372: 2616:" law (imposed position defining a predetermined street width) on many new constructions. A building's height was also defined according to the width of the street it lines, and Paris' building code has seen few changes since the mid-19th century to allow for higher constructions. It is for this reason, save for a few 'pointed' examples, that Paris seems an essentially flat city when compared to some of the world's other metropoles. 4060: 3896: 3877: 3839: 1176: 4425: 4269: 142: 4136: 3934: 3777: 3470: 4307: 3820: 3801: 1476: 2364: 1792:, its density was 24,448 inh. per km² (63,321 inh. per sq. mile) in 1999 official census. Paris has maintained a relatively balanced distribution of apartment residences, office spaces and commercial activities catering to both, although some districts have lost much of their apartment housing to office renovations, partly contributing to the population decline seen since the 1920's. 2623:(or "museumification") as, at the same time as they strive to preserve Paris' historical past, existing laws make it difficult to create within city limits the larger buildings and utilities needed for a growing population. Many of Paris' institutions and economic infrastructure are already located in, or are planning on moving to, the suburbs. The financial ( 499:), and yearly lows tend to remain around an average of 1 °C (34 °F). The highest temperature ever, recorded on the 28th of July 1948, was 40.4 °C (104.7 °F), and the lowest was a −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) temperature reached on the 10th of December, 1879. The Paris region has recently seen temperatures reaching both extremes, with the 1450:

of many inner quarters and the transformation of living space into offices, although not on the scale seen in some Western cities. These tendencies are generally seen as negative for the city, and the current city administration is trying to reverse them with some success, as the population estimate

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has needed complete renovation. The entire Paris network of sewers and collectors is been managed since the late 20th century by a computerised network system, known under the acronym "G.A.AS.PAR", that controls all of Paris' water distribution, even the flow of the river Seine through the capital.

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Paris in its early history had only the Seine and Bièvre rivers for water. Later forms of irrigation were: a first-century Roman aqueduct from southerly Wissous (later left to ruin); sources from the Right bank hills from the late 11th century; from the 15th-century an aqueduct built roughly along

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oversaw the construction of a series of new aqueducts that would bring sources from distant locations to resevoirs built in the highest points of the Capital. The new sources became Paris' principal source of drinking water, and the remains of the old system, pumped into lower levels of the same

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Paris' culinary reputation has its base in the many origins of its inhabitants. With the early-19th-century railways and ensuing industrial revolution came a flood of migration that brought with it all the gastronomical diversity of France's many different regions, and maintained through 'local

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Paris had always been a destination for traders, students and those on religious pilgrimages, but the 'tourism' we know today didn't appear until rapid means of travel became widely accessible to the greater public, namely the invention of the steam engine and the organisation of France's rail

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Paris' existing inner-city cemeteries were to its outskirts upon their 1804 creation. Many of Paris' churches had thier own parish cemeteries, but these by the late 18th century contributed to making living conditions quite unsanitary in an ever-growing Capital. Abolished from 1786, all parish

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Rainfall can occur at any time of the year, and Paris is known for its sudden showers. The city sees an average yearly precipitation of around 641.6 mm (25.2 inches). Snowfall is a rare occurrence, usually appearing in the coldest months of January or February (but has been recorded as late as

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cabaret-dancehall is an example: over the years its owners have stripped it of everything formerly attractive to Parisians, such as its ballrooms and gardens, in a transformation into a dinner-theatre showing, as a staged spectacle, but a single choreographed element of Paris' former "cabaret

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one year earlier. The cafés in the gardens of the latter locale became a quite popular through the 18th-century, and can be considered Paris' first "terrace cafés"; these would not become widespread until sidewalks and boulevards began to appear from the mid-19th century. Cafés are an almost

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region, and "Aux Lyonnais" is another with a traditional fare originating from its city name's region. Of course migration from even more distant climes meant an even greater culinary diversity, and today, in addition to a great number of North African and Asian establishments, one can find

1999:. Paris' administrative borders have little consequences on the limits of its economical activity: although most workers commute from the suburbs to work in the city, many commute from the city to work in the suburbs. At the 1999 census 47.5% of the 5,089,170 people in employment in the 2469:

network, with 380 stations connected by 221.6km of rails. Because of the short distance between stations on the metro network, lines were too slow to be extended further in the suburbs as it's the case in most other cities. As such, an additional express network, known as the

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Although Paris today has once again grown to surround all its former extra-muros cemeteries, these have become all-too-rare and much-appreciated oasises of quiet, greenery and sculpture in a thriving city. Many of Paris's illustrious historical figures have found rest in

2029:, it remains an important manufacturing powerhouse of Europe, especially in industrial sectors such as automobiles, aeronautics and high-technologies. Over recent decades, the local economy has moved towards high value-added activities, in particular business services. 1413:

have gradually become ghettos for immigrants and oases of unemployment. The widening social gap between these disadvantaged suburbs and the wealthier suburbs (especially the western ones) have led to periodic unrest since the mid-1980s, such as the

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Paris' museums and monuments are by far its highest-esteemed attractions, and tourist interest has been nothing but a benefit to these; tourist interest has even motivated both city and State to create new ones. The city's most prized museum, the

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brought Paris the greatest development in its history. From the 1840s, rail transport allowed an unprecedented flow of migrants into Paris attracted by employment in the new industries in the suburbs. The city underwent a massive renovation under

1898:. But the multi-cultural population began during the first immigration wave which started during the 60's with the Portuguese and the Spanish. Nowadays, they are considered like French above all even if some are coming back to their countries. 1949:

of €448,933 billion (US$ 506.7 billion) In 2003, the Paris region is an engine of the global economy: if it were a country, it would rank as the fifteenth largest economy in the world . In 2004, the Paris region's GDP was about 29% that of

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of 885-886. The Counts of Paris continued to defend France against Viking attack in the ninth century, but the Vikings irreparably damaged the old Roman city on the Left Bank. Nearby marshlands were drained to allow Paris to grow on the

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in north-central France, Paris hosts a rich array of museums, galleries, and nightlife and is the most visited city in the world, with more than 30 million visitors per year. The most recognisable symbol of Paris is the 324 metre

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Theatre traditionally has had a large place in Parisian culture. This still holds true today, although, perhaps strangely, many of its foremost actors today are also stars of French television. A few of Paris' major theatres are

128:, Europe's largest business district, Paris also hosts the head offices of almost half of all French companies, as well as the offices of major international firms and the headquarters of many international organisations such as 2218:

Although Paris' history is long, that of its municipal government has less than half a century: Paris and its surrounding territories were always governed directly by the highest power of the time: this was the Crown before the

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and was an attraction in itself for visitors from the world over. Paris's World's Fair years also consolidated its position in the tourist industry and as an attractive setting for international technology and trade shows.

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Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world's global cities, that is to say with a dominance of Hollywood-generated film entertainment. French cinema comes a close second, with major directors

2546:(and N184), in the outer suburbs. Paris has an extensive road network with over 2000 kilometres of major roads and highways. By road Brussels can be reached in three hours, Frankfurt in 6 hours and Barcelona in 12 hours. 1795:

Paris' most sparsely populated quarters are its office and administration-charged arrondissements located in its Western and Central portions. The city is at its densest in its northern and eastern arrondissements; its

1071:. During this period the modern spatial distribution of activities began to emerge: the central island housed government and ecclesiastical institutions, the left bank became a scholastic centre with the University and 972:, largely abandoned by its former inhabitants, was little more than a garrison town entrenched into its hastily fortified central island. The city would reclaim its original "Paris" appellation towards the end of the 2275:

for some operations such as fire protection or rescue operations, and is still directed by France's national government. Paris has no municipal police force, although it does have its own brigade of traffic wardens.

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was traditionally assumed to be the location of the settlement, but this theory has been recently brought into question: archeological digs have uncovered signs a Rive droite dwelling on the banks of the river near

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began providing Paris with water from less polluted rivers away from the Capital. Paris would only have its first constant and plentiful source of drinkable water from the late 19th-century: from 1857, under

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Paris has over 2,400 km of underground passageways dedicated to the evacuation of Paris' liquid wastes. Most of these even today date from the late 19th century, a result of the combined plans of the

1308: 2126:. At the 1790 division of France into communes, Paris was a city only half its modern size, but from 1860 it annexed bordering communes, some entirely, to create the new administrative map of twenty 4613: 2663:), and some ministries (namely the Ministry of Transportation) are located outside of the city of Paris. The National Archives of France are due to relocate to the northern suburbs before 2010. 27: 3740: 1942:

is France's leading centre of economical activity. Its activity is extremely diverse, but is in its majority specialises in the service industries, finance, tourism and manufacturing. With a

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doubled the area of the city to 78 km² (30.1 mi²) by annexing the land within the city's ring of fortifications (now the 13th through 20th arrondissements). Several former suburbs such as

4887: 1275:, as a "temporary" display of architectural engineering prowess but remained the world's tallest building until 1930, and today is the city's best-known landmark. The first line of the 1800:

had a density of 40,672/km² (105,339/sq. mile) in 1999, and some of the same arrondissement's eastern quarters showed densities close to 100,000/km² (260,000/sq. mile) the same year.

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dynasty (9th century), it was little more than a feudal county stronghold. The Counts of Paris gradually rose to prominence and eventually wielded greater power than the Kings of

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shows a rate of growth double that of the 1990s (the population growth rate of Île-de-France was 0.62% per year between 1999 and 2005 vs. 0.31% per year between 1990 and 1999.

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expressway circling around the city. Many inner suburbs of Paris (especially the eastern ones) have experienced de-industrialisation since the 1970s, and the once-thriving

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epidemics in 1832 and 1849 affected the population of Paris (the 1832 epidemic alone claimed 20,000 of the then population of 650,000. Paris also suffered greatly from the

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Paris was famed for its cultural and artistic communities and its nightlife. The city became a melting pot of artists from around the world, from exiled Russian composer

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to improve the then very unsanitary conditions in the Capital. Maintained by a round-the-clock service since their construction, only a small percentage of Paris' sewer

1446:, lower than the historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. This decline was due to the relocation of people to the suburbs caused by de-industrialisation, high rent, the 318: 300: 284: 268: 190: 3618:

period, many of Paris' once-cultural establishments have been transformed by their owners into a form catering to the tastes and expectations of tourist capital. The

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Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular from the 1930's. Paris' most well-known "movie quarter" was its

3343: 61:, represents France's most dynamic centre of economical activity. Paris is a leading global cultural, business and political center and is renowned for its defining 4988: 460: 4717: 133: 3015:

is a line of monuments, buildings and thoroughfares that run in a roughly straight line from the city centre westwards: the line of monuments begins with the

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industry (14.0% of the total manufacturing workforce), with the remaining 68.1% of the manufacturing workforce distributed among many other industries. The

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would expand and prosper over the following centuries. The collapse of the Roman empire and third-century Germanic invasions caused a period of decline: by

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culture" atmosphere. An over-dependance on the tourism trade has also affected Paris' hotel and restaurant trades, and not always with positive restults.

1954:, although its population was 18.7% of the same region. In 2002, according to Eurostat, the Paris region's GDP was 4.5% of the total GDP of the 25 491:, so the city enjoys a temperate climate that rarely sees extremely high or low temperatures. The average yearly high temperature is about 24 2717:

reservoirs, were from then dedicated to the cleaning of Paris' streets. This system is still a major part of Paris' modern water supply network.

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and tourist related services, employ 4.7% of the total workforce of Île-de-France (in 1999), and 7% of the total workforce of the city of Paris.

2521:, which operates the suburban rail lines and the other sections of the RER ; and other private operators managing some suburban bus lines. 3336: 65:

as well as its role as a major international influence in fashion, gastronomy and the arts. It is widely regarded as one of the world's major

1403:, was built to complement the Métro and serve the distant suburbs, while a network of freeways was developed in the suburbs, centered on the 1374:

liberated the city in late August 1944. The city suffered almost no war damage partly due to the refusal of the German military commander,

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speciality' restaurants catering to the tastes of people from all. "Chez Jenny" is a typical example of a restaurant specialising in the

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Paris' unchanging borders, strict building codes and lack of developable land have together contributed in creating a phenomenon called

2245:, it has a unique council to governing both; the Council of Paris, presided by the Mayor of Paris, meets either as a municipal council ( 933:, and even more recent archeological finds indicate that the Paris region's largest settlement may have been in the suburbs of today's 3044: 2638: 1890:. As of 1999, 4.2% of those living within the Paris region were recent immigrants (post-1990 census arrivals) in their majority from 5146: 2342:

Few of the above changes have taken into account Paris' existence as an agglomeration. Unlike many of France's major cities such as

3587:'s late-19th century transformations, but the first attraction drawing international interest were, from 1855, the above-mentioned 3449: 1016:. On the death of Clovis, the Frankish kingdom was divided with Paris as the capital of a much smaller kingdom. By the time of the 3284:; the former tends towards the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern. 2183:

départements were attributed the numbers 92, 93 and 94 respectively. The result of this division is that today Paris' limits as a

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but the tower was never dismantled and is now an enduring symbol of Paris. It is visible from many parts of the city as are the

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cemeteries were excavated their contents taken to abandoned limestone mines outside the southern gates of then Paris, today the

1334:, Paris was at the forefront of the war effort, having been spared a German invasion by the French and English victory at the 3350:

is one of few Parisian clubs still holding jazz concerts, but the same also specialises in 'Indy' music. More recently, the

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varies each year, the final stage always finishes in Paris and since 1975, the race has finished on the Champs-Elysées.

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From the 5th of July 1972, as part of a nation-wide administrative effort to consolidate regional economies, Paris as a

2765: 2676: 2604:'s vast urbanisation levelled entire quarters to make way for wide avenues lined with neo-classical stone buildings of 2597: 1163: 3201: 3380:

were the backbone of Parisian entertainment before the mid-20th century. Early to mid-19th century examples were the

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and election of a Mayor of Paris, has found a new role in governing the economical affairs and urban planning of the

1115: 771:- formerly Paris' central meat and produce market, since the late 1970s a major shopping center around an important 4544: 1864:. Suburban development is accelerating, and with an estimated total of 11.6 million inhabitants for 2005 the Paris 2203:), which in turn elects an arrondissement mayor. A selection of members from each arrondissement council form the 1818:

The City of Paris is much smaller than the urban agglomeration that is associated with it. At present, the city's

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of July 2004 shows a population increase for the first time since 1954 reaching a total of 2,144,700 inhabitants.

3447:"Odéon" district, but today movie theatres can be found through all quarters. Paris' largest cinemas to date are 3392:

dancehalls-gardens. Popular orchestral fare gave way to the Parisian accordionists of lore whose music moved the

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the city still has today. These municipal subdivisions describe a clockwise spiral outward from its most central

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The Paris region is one of the most multi-cultural in Europe, with 19.4% of its total population born outside of

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The population of the whole Paris agglomeration has been growing steadily since the end of the late 16th-century

180: 4589: 3088:. A larger version of the statues was sent as a gift from France to the United States in 1886 and now stands in 2874:

Paris created new suburban cemeteries for its defunct from the early 20th century: the largest of these are the

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is a home to the capital's densest concentration of both department stores and offices. A few examples are the

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Cafés quickly became an integral part of French culture from their appearance, namely from the opening of the

2600:. For centuries it had been a labyrinth of narrow streets and half-timber houses, but beginning in 1852, the 810: 4125: 2840: 1297: 1280: 1272: 4741: 4742:""Des vestiges de la Lutèce romaine ont été retrouvés à Paris" ("Vestiges of Roman Lutèce found in Paris")" 3123:. Apart from Notre Dame de Paris, there are several other ecclesiastical masterpieces including the Gothic 1289: 1256:(1871) killed thousands and sent many of Paris's administrative centres (and city archives) up in flames. 303: 2860: 1391:

in 1914. The suburbs began to expand considerably, with the construction of large social estates known as

955: 206: 104:, extending well beyond the city boundaries, has today an estimated population of 9.9 million. The Paris 5125: 2326: 2294: 1934: 1843: 1656: 1415: 422: 306: 112: 49: 3243: 2234:) afterwards. The office of mayor of Paris, save for a few brief occasions, did not exist before 1977. 4498: 500: 372: 321: 2856: 691: 363:

which is the heart and origin of the city. Paris has several prominent hills, of which the highest is

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business district places Paris' economical centre to the west of the city, in a triangle between the

1335: 484: 417:) covers 2,723 km² (1,051.4 mi²), or about 26 times larger than the Paris commune. Beyond this, the 271: 62: 4920: 3131: 5077: 5043: 4938: 4590:""Population des villes et unités urbaines de plus de 1 million d'habitants de l'Union Européenne"" 4296: 4049: 4003: 3222: 3143: 2128: 2111: 1363: 1179: 1155: 1111: 1036: 463:

were incorporated at that time. The city limits changed marginally in 1920's reaching 86.9 km². In

444: 230:, meaning "cauldron", but this is not certain. 'Paris' may also be a derivitive of Celtic-language 4647: 3189: 2818:, in the northwest. On the western and eastern perimeters respectively are the two "forests", the 2305: 2289: 2231: 2159: 1980: 1834: 1824: 1535: 765:- one of the largest business districts in the world and a major destination for business tourism. 380: 4872: 3600: 3193: 2267:(also directing Paris' fire brigades), for example, has still a jurisdiction extending to Paris' 2000: 1853: 1107: 504: 287: 3508:

obligatory stop on the way to or from work for many Parisians, and especially during lunchtime.

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found their fame in Paris concert halls: legendary yet still-showing examples of these are the

2799: 2517:, which operates the Parisian and some suburban buses, the Métro, and sections of the RER; the 511:

April), and almost never accumulates enough to make a covering that will last more than a day.

448: 193: 121: 2633: 2322: 2257: 2228: 2146: 1776:

The City of Paris is the most densely populated area in the western world after the island of

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INSEE, Government of France "Comptes régionaux - données 2003 semi-définitives en base 2000".

2041: 1437: 1339: 1207: 1083: 90: 2864: 3724: 3678: 3674: 3545: 2993: 2609: 2458: 1375: 1260: 1211: 752: 734: 718: 488: 3599:, sees over 6 million visitors a year. Paris' cathedrals are another main attraction: its 8: 4523: 3686: 3682: 3654: 3646: 3116: 2975: 2971: 2836: 2791: 2697: 2672: 2499: 2405: 1951: 1887: 1366:, a partially-evacuated Paris fell to German occupation forces, who remained there until 1249: 1238:

streets to create the network of wide avenues and neo-classical façades of modern Paris.

1139: 1064: 1056: 1025: 925: 786: 755:- at the foot of the Champs-Élysées, built as the "Place Louis XV", site of the infamous 728: 724: 360: 346: 3553: 3541: 3533: 3217: 3152:

is one of the largest and most famous museums, housing many works of art, including the

2330: 2299: 1937: 1846: 1667: 1075:, while the right bank developed as the centre of commerce and trade around the central 1013: 958:. As a city under Roman rule, but a centre of integration with local culture and trade, 742: 440:) covering 14,518 km² (5,605.5 mi²) , or an area about 138 times that of Paris itself. 309: 116: 53: 5071: 5037: 4353: 3124: 3104: 2986: 2979: 2868: 2844: 2745: 2427: 2401: 2134: 1797: 1264: 1123: 834: 2728: 2713: 2502:. A third line along the southern inner orbital road is currently under construction. 841: 356: 5059: 5025: 4904: 4558: 4087: 4078: 3642: 3312: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3020: 2997: 2930: 2823: 2787: 2612:

plans are in many cases still actual, as the city of Paris imposes the then-defined "

2572: 2529: 2462: 2446: 2220: 2176: 2123: 2118: 2033: 1865: 1857: 1789: 1727: 1584: 1405: 1151: 859: 521: 472: 447:. The City's administrative borders have remained largely unchanged since 1860, when 431: 404: 388: 105: 3662: 3081: 3024: 2532:

which follows the approximate path of 19th-century fortifications around Paris, the

2426:, 70 km (45 mi) to the north of the city, is used by charter and low-cost airlines. 1385:

In the post-war era, Paris experienced its largest development since the end of the

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scholastic centre formerly stretching between the Left Bank's Place Maubert and the

4939:""Les emplois dans le activités liées au tourisme: un sur quatre en Ile-de-France"" 4789: 4140: 3320: 3316: 2819: 2775: 2450: 2419: 2204: 2085: 2045: 1958:

states, although its population was 2.45% of the total European Union population.

1928: 1785: 1359: 1253: 907: 865: 845: 468: 400: 392: 258: 218: 184: 3537: 3277: 3177: 3068: 3062:

church is where many of France's illustrious men and women are buried. The former

2919: 2852: 2167:"75" (number originating from "Seine's" position in France's alphabetical list of 1355: 826: 759:. The Egyptian obelisk it holds today can be considered Paris's "oldest monument". 413: 4816: 3747: 3666: 3611:, by far Paris' most famous monument, averages over 6 million visitors per year. 3584: 3425: 3236: 3127: 3028: 2992:. The Eiffel Tower was a "temporary" construction by Gustave Eiffel for the 1889 2989: 2965: 2955: 2807: 2659: 2601: 2422:, one of the busiest in Europe. A third and much smaller airport, at the town of 1371: 1347: 1343: 1231: 1029: 1021: 819:- historic Left Bank area famous for artists studios, music halls, and café life. 782: 712: 452: 274: 196: 3496: 3059: 1387: 1216: 217:()), which was later dropped in favour of only Paris. The name derives from the 100:

The City of Paris had an estimated mid-2005 population of 2,144,700. The Paris

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as an example. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated.

3429: 3281: 3096: 3012: 2895: 2543: 2212: 2172: 2053: 1977: 1955: 1891: 1622: 1580: 1447: 1245: 916:, who were known as boatmen and traders, established a settlement by the River 778: 516: 408: 4018: 3604: 3231: 3213: 3181: 2551: 2032:

The 1999 census indicated that of the 5,089,170 persons employed in the Paris

1276: 5161: 5148: 4817:""Enquêtes annuelles de recensement: premiers résultats de la collecte 2004"" 4287: 4041: 4036: 3990: 3706: 3504: 3209: 3169: 3164: 3120: 3100: 3089: 3051: 2925: 2795: 2430:

nowadays only hosts business jets, air trade shows and the aerospace museum.

2065: 2057: 2049: 2003:(including commuter belt) worked in the city of Paris and the Hauts-de-Seine 1781: 1740: 1735: 1704: 1634: 1351: 1009: 873: 738: 533: 376: 78: 17: 4648:

Etablissement Public pour l'Aménagement de la Région de La Défense, (EPAD).

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dance-hall crowds. Out of the clubs remaining from this era grew the modern

3308: 3036: 2624: 2495: 1992: 1984: 1916: 1396: 840:(department stores), and the Paris headquarters of financial giants such as 762: 537: 125: 4106: 4097: 3619: 3608: 3583:

network from 1848. The city itself wasn't much of an attraction before the

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Paris' modern administrative organisation still retains some traces of its

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garden-promenade turned avenue connecting the Concorde and Arc de Triomphe.

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at 130 metres (426½ ft) above sea level. The highest elevation in the

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The public transport networks of the Paris region are coordinated by the

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The Paris region's most intense economical activity through the central

399:), 86.928 square kilometres (33.56 mi²) excluding the outlying parks of 4963: 4045: 3728: 3716: 3650: 3588: 3529: 3433: 3401: 3005: 2877: 2803: 2741: 2077: 2073: 2069: 1819: 1696: 1143: 1076: 1045: 806: 768: 756: 746: 496: 456: 364: 101: 2076:

industry (17.9% of the total manufacturing workforce in 1999) and the

293:. Locally, inhabitants of the Paris suburbs are known colloquially as 4220: 4211: 3980: 3971: 3607:

basilica receive 12 million and 8 million visitors respectively. The

3493: 3444: 3409: 3332: 3248: 3154: 3054:

museum is the burial place for many great French soldiers, including

2968: 2961: 2724: 2709: 2343: 2061: 1777: 1382:'s direct order to destroy all monuments before evacuating the city. 830: 792: 421:

commuter belt region reaches well beyond the limits of the Capital's

4448: 4410: 4022: 3346:, much reduced from its original size, is a concert hall today. The 3035:

circus. From the 1960's line was prolonged even further west to the

2721: 2706: 2465:

connect this train network to the world famous and highly efficient

2371: 2064:, and the remaining 24.7% in many other economic sectors. Among the 1227: 855: 426: 4649: 4201: 4192: 4182: 4173: 4083: 4064: 3999: 3112: 3055: 2915: 2608:

standing; most of this 'new' Paris is the Paris we see today. This

2525: 2433:

Paris is a central hub of the national rail network of high-speed (

2423: 2081: 1626: 1235: 1175: 1087: 1049: 1005: 934: 885: 854:- One of Paris' two high-fashion districts, home to labels such as 529: 430:, an area that, combined with the Paris agglomeration, completes a 323:). Parisians tend to refer to people from outside Île-de-France as 1475: 1134:, Parisians rose in rebellion and the royal family fled the city ( 141: 5135: 4477: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4239: 4230: 4121: 3995: 3976: 3961: 3952: 3904: 3895: 3525: 3469: 3328: 3297: 2902: 2884: 2483: 2026: 1912: 1630: 1241: 1183: 1072: 947: 913: 492: 222: 201: 41: 3558: 2654: 2528:

network, and is surrounded by three orbital freeways : the

1102:. However, the Kings of France abandoned Paris in favour of the 124:

of nearly €450 billion (US$ 506.7 billion) in 2003. With nearby

4433: 4424: 4414: 4401: 4368: 4349: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4311: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4258: 4249: 4235: 4216: 4178: 4159: 4144: 4135: 4102: 4026: 4013: 3957: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3900: 3866: 3857: 3697: 3596: 3517: 3351: 3324: 3293: 3252: 3149: 3108: 3016: 2888: 2783: 2771: 2650: 2646: 2628: 2199:

Each of Paris' arrondissements has a directly-elected council (

2037: 1895: 1443: 1379: 1131: 1130:

after he captured the city from the Catholic party. During the

1068: 1060: 1033: 999: 966: 869: 384:), 19.5 km. (12 miles) north-northwest of the center of Paris. 129: 58: 45: 3700:

is another popular sport in Paris and throughout France. The

1442:

The population of the City of Paris was 2,125,246 at the 1999

475:

forest parks were also officially incorporated into the city.

4540: 4315: 4306: 4197: 4116: 4068: 4059: 3919: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3862: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3785: 3776: 3460: 3363: 3173: 2642: 2475: 1988: 1259:

Paris recovered rapidly from these events to host the famous

942: 930: 917: 772: 352: 290: 242: 85: 3742:

File:Quartier du Cornillon et Stade de France - 03.04.05.JPG

3692:. Although the starting point and the route of the famous 3521:

top-quality cuisine from virtually the world over in Paris.

3111:

now houses one of the most famous museums in the world. The

2317:, was elected for the first time in 1986. The office of the 1052:

dynasty which would raise Paris to become France's capital.

108:(including satellite cities) stood at 11.5 million in 1999. 4446: 4437: 4418: 4395: 4376: 4357: 4338: 4319: 4300: 4281: 4262: 4243: 4224: 4205: 4186: 4167: 4148: 4129: 4110: 4091: 4072: 4053: 4030: 4007: 3984: 3965: 3946: 3927: 3908: 3889: 3870: 3851: 3832: 3813: 3789: 3781: 3738: 3732: 3626: 3615: 3551: 3467: 3412:, although closed today, is Paris' most legendary example. 3229: 2909: 2739: 2666: 2549: 2518: 2514: 2361: 2347: 2091: 2010: 1961: 1943: 1901: 1871: 1803: 1454: 1421: 1287: 1187: 1173: 1167: 1159: 1147: 1135: 1127: 1119: 1099: 1095: 1048:, Count of Paris, was elected King of France, founding the 979: 938: 891: 881: 877: 514: 464: 330: 139: 5102: 4763: 3673:

and is used for football and rugby. Paris also hosted the

2363: 2321:

having lost much of its importance in the division of the

5094: 4965: 4545:"Estimation de population pour certaines grandes villes"" 2533: 2471: 2434: 1946: 1400: 800: 796: 317: 299: 283: 267: 189: 161: 4674:

La Langue Gauloise : Grammaire, Textes et Glossaire

4638: 3304:.Most Parisian theatres also doubled as concert halls. 3220:

respectively, the former with the prized tapestry cycle

2313:, comprising council members from all its participating 2163:

from 1968 was split into four: Paris retained the Seine

2153:" encompassing Paris and a great number of neighbouring 2036:, 16.5% worked in business services, 13.0% in commerce ( 1063:

as its western fortress and in 1200 chartered the

3192:. Starkly apparent with its service-pipe exterior, the 3039:

business district dominated by square-shaped triumphal

2040:

and wholesale trade), 12.3% in manufacturing, 10.0% in

371:

of Paris is 195 metres (640 ft) above sea level in the

257:). The inhabitants of Paris are known as Parisians in 120:

produce more than a quarter of France's wealth, with a

2802:

created three vast gardens on the outskirts of Paris:

1150:. A century later, Paris was the centre stage for the 1059:

enclosed Paris on both banks with a wall that had the

3532:(world's fairs). Of the most luxurious of these, the 3436:, and the more slapstick/popular genre with director 2627:) business district, the main food wholesale market ( 351:

Paris is located on a north-bending arc of the river

226:

tribe, whose name may be from the Celtic Gallic word

4764:

La Petite Gazette Généalogique, Amicale Genealogie.

3524:

Hotels were another result of widespread travel and

2478:

to connect more distant parts of the agglomeration.

536:. The towers of the office and entertainment centre 2025:Although the Paris economy is largely dominated by 702: 4790:""Enquêtes annuelles de recensement 2004 et 2005"" 3307:Many of France's greatest musical legends such as 2790:, which used to belong to a château built for the 1362:. In June 1940, five weeks after the start of the 4964:Syndicat des Transports d'Ile-de-France, (STIF). 4614:""Aire Urbaine '99 - pop totale par sexe et âge"" 3739: 3276:Paris' largest Opera houses are the 19th-century 2007:, while only 31.5% worked exclusively in Paris. 1832:(inner ring) and extends into an additional four 1234:, who leveled entire districts of narrow-winding 234:meaning "the working people" or "the craftsmen." 4853:""Produit intérieur brut (PIB) à prix courants"" 4676:. Paris: C. Klincksieck. ISBN : 2051002088. 3483: 2649:, etc.), world famous research laboratories (in 813:and the studios and cafés of many great artists. 3076:. Another symbol of the Revolution are the two 2696:the path of the first; finally, from 1809, the 2536:motorway in the inner suburbs, and finally the 1342:victory parades and peace negotiations. In the 1271:was built for the French Revolution centennial 4671: 3720:events of the world professional tennis tour. 2383:and the statistical metropolitan area of Paris 2354:) to the right-wing idea of a more integrated 1399:. A comprehensive express subway network, the 721:- former eastern stronghold and gate of Paris. 4602: 4530: 1467:(according to the official INSEE 1999 census) 4680: 2513:(STP). Members of the syndicate include the 4662: 4467: 3043:of its own; this area hosts most of Paris' 2410:Paris is served by two principal airports: 1784:. Excluding the outlying woodland parks of 1395:and the beginning of the business district 1338:in 1914. In 1918-1919, it was the scene of 1126:re-established the royal court in Paris in 1028:was elected king in place of the incumbent 4739: 4691:""Chiffres-Clefs - Unité Urbaine - Paris"" 4650:""Bienvenue dans la rubrique "La Défense"" 3764: 3639: 3580: 3490: 3270: 2952: 2945: 2762: 2693: 2594: 2398: 2303:encompassing itself and its seven closest 2104: 2023: 1974: 1925: 1884: 1816: 1809: 1774: 1434: 1328: 1204: 1142:then moved the royal court permanently to 992: 904: 809:- historic area on the Butte, home to the 709: 343: 177: 159: 35: 5053: 4927: 4832: 4718:""Géographie de la capitale - Le climat"" 4708: 4706: 3704:, held every year on the red clay of the 3366:serve as large-scale rock concert halls. 1919:, the largest business district in Europe 1842:(outer ring) in the outer reaches of the 920:to control river commerce from about 250 4877: 4626: 4447: 3552: 3468: 3242: 3230: 2924: 2910: 2740: 2667: 2587: 2562: 2550: 2486:lines in the suburbs: Line T1 runs from 2370: 2362: 2253:) depending on the issue to be debated. 2141:Paris as a commune from 1790 became the 1911: 1288: 1174: 1098:, a successful reconquest took place in 795:- trendy Right Bank district with large 515: 355:and includes two inhabited islands, the 140: 4841: 4754: 4730: 3103:period, houses the Paris Opera and the 3072:members before their deaths during the 2686: 2596:"Modern" Paris is the result of a vast 2507:Syndicat des transports d'Ile-de-France 2416:Charles de Gaulle International Airport 2279: 2068:sector, the largest employers were the 1252:(1870-1871), and the ensuing civil war 312:(Paris Region) are known officially as 199:. The original Latin name of Paris was 14: 5019: 4978: 4703: 4578: 3528:, especially Paris' late-19th century 2441:) trains. Six major railway stations, 1856:, excepting brief setbacks during the 868:- Home to luxury brand labels such as 532:'s tomb lies under the golden dome at 149:, the international symbol of the city 5054:Hillairet, Jacques (April 22, 2005). 4805: 4778: 3204:. Lastly, art and artifacts from the 2524:The city is also the hub of France's 2187:are exactly those of its limits as a 1197: 28:User:Equendil/Paris3 (disambiguation) 4966:""Le web des voyageurs franciliens"" 4954: 4888:"Regional GDP in the EU25, Eurostat" 3681:Olympic Games and was venue for the 2843:. The latter are known today as the 2755: 2237:Although Paris has a double role as 2194: 1462:Demographics within the Paris Region 1370:troops (Second armoured division)of 1321: 4865: 4476: 2855:. Other notable cemeteries include 2414:, which is south of Paris, and the 2337: 1067:which brought visitors from across 84:Situated on the banks of the river 23: 3641:Paris's main sports clubs are the 3186:artistic community of Montparnasse 3119:and is based in the centre of the 2960:Three of the most famous Parisian 2766:List of parks and gardens in Paris 2598:mid-19th-century urban remodelling 1090:, allied to the English. Although 1032:, after Odo defended Paris in the 998:512, Paris was the capital of the 520:View from the Montparnasse Tower ( 237:Traditionally, Paris was known as 24: 5182: 5085: 4936: 4850: 4814: 4787: 4715: 4611: 4587: 4539: 3107:, while the former palace of the 2675:and its buildings typical of the 2511:Syndicat des transports parisiens 2097: 1303:, demolished and replaced by the 57:that, encompassing Paris and its 4423: 4400: 4381: 4362: 4343: 4324: 4305: 4286: 4267: 4248: 4229: 4210: 4191: 4172: 4153: 4134: 4115: 4096: 4077: 4058: 4035: 4012: 3989: 3970: 3951: 3932: 3913: 3894: 3875: 3856: 3837: 3818: 3799: 3775: 3761: 3757: 3741: 3710:National Tennis Center near the 3636: 3577: 3487: 3302:Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse 3267: 3263: 2949: 2759: 2690: 2591: 2582: 2395: 2249:) or as a departmental council ( 2191:, a situation unique in France. 2101: 2020: 1971: 1922: 1881: 1813: 1771: 1474: 1431: 1325: 1201: 1110:, Paris was a stronghold of the 1094:failed to reconquer the city in 989: 901: 706: 703:Districts and historical centres 340: 316: 298: 282: 266: 188: 174: 156: 48:. It is also the capital of the 32: 5020:Favier, Jean (April 23, 1997). 5005: 4871:At real exchange rates, not at 3115:is the most famous part of the 2293:became the capital of the new " 1967: 1427: 77:, Paris has a reputation as a " 5103:Official Paris Tourism Website 2657:), the largest sport stadium ( 1877: 1116:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 1082:Paris was occupied during the 985: 289:) is sometimes used in French 69:. Dubbed "the City of Light" ( 13: 1: 4937:INSEE, Government of France. 4851:INSEE, Government of France. 4815:INSEE, Government of France. 4788:INSEE, Government of France. 4716:INSEE, Government of France. 4612:INSEE, Government of France. 4588:INSEE, Government of France. 4460: 3484:Cafés, Restaurants and Hotels 2829: 2474:, has been created since the 2211:), which in turn electes the 1008:, who commissioned the first 443:Paris is divided into twenty 407:. The Paris agglomeration or 3727:final at Stade de France on 3202:Musée National d'Art Moderne 2542:motorway, also known as the 2391: 2367:The arrondissements of Paris 1822:occupies three neighbouring 643:Avg low temperature °C (°F) 336: 7: 5056:Connaissance du Vieux Paris 3066:prison held some prominent 2770:Two of Paris's most famous 2631:), major renowned schools ( 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1459: 945:, they built their city of 811:Basilica of the Sacré Coeur 327:(i.e. from the provinces). 97:on the banks of the Seine. 10: 5187: 4989:""Les égouts parisiennes"" 4740:Online edition, Le Monde. 4452:Basilica of the Sacré Cœur 3573: 3141: 3137: 3019:and continues through the 3002:Basilica of the Sacré Cœur 2953: 2940: 2786:and the centrally-located 2763: 2399: 2105: 2016: 1933:Paris and its surrounding 1926: 1907: 1767: 1435: 937:. It is certain that when 905: 897: 710: 688: 478: 344: 63:neo-classical architecture 25: 5132: 5123: 5115: 3632: 3255:'s most famous treasures. 2861:Cimetière du Montparnasse 2482:There are two tangential 2352:conférence métropolitaine 2171:), while the three "new" 2129:municipal arrondissements 2122:(municipality) since the 1689: 1558: 1523: 1336:First Battle of the Marne 1310:Exposition Internationale 1281:1900 Universal Exposition 1273:1889 Universal Exposition 487:, and is affected by the 485:marine west coast climate 5126:European City of Culture 4543:, Government of France. 3589:Expositions Universelles 3544:opened its doors on the 3530:Expositions Universelles 3223:The Lady and the Unicorn 3184:respectively, while the 3144:List of museums in Paris 3084:on the Seine and in the 2814:, formerly known as the 2223:, and a state-appointed 2201:conseil d'arrondissement 2112:Arrondissements of Paris 1180:Storming of the Bastille 1156:Storming of the Bastille 941:conquered the region in 4672:Georges Dottin (1920). 3669:was built for the 1998 3400:faubourg du Temple and 3370:Dancehalls/Discotheques 3194:Centre Georges Pompidou 2946:Monuments and landmarks 2857:Cimetière de Montmartre 2727:and the civil engineer 2567:One of the most recent 2001:Paris metropolitan area 1854:French Wars of Religion 1810:The Paris agglomeration 1364:German attack on France 1108:French Wars of Religion 170: 5095:Official Paris Website 4838:;French Census of 1999 4484:"Paris (city, France)" 4453: 3750: 3566: 3557:A scene of a Parisian 3476: 3256: 3240: 3132:Église de la Madeleine 3130:palace chapel and the 2933: 2922: 2901:Cimitière Parisien de 2883:Cimitière Parisien de 2876:Cimitière Parisien de 2853:Père Lachaise Cemetery 2810:in the northeast, and 2748: 2712:, the civil engineer 2679: 2575: 2560: 2384: 2368: 2042:public administrations 1920: 1615:(Grande Couronne) 1573:(Petite Couronne) 1314: 1299:Exposition Universelle 1190: 825:- The area around the 541: 305:). Inhabitants of the 277:. The pejorative term 150: 4451: 3745: 3714:, is one of the four 3556: 3472: 3288:Theatre/Concert halls 3246: 3234: 3190:Musée du Montparnasse 3188:is chronicled at the 2928: 2914: 2894:Cimitière Parisien d' 2744: 2671: 2588:Urbanism/Architecture 2566: 2554: 2379:of the Île-de-France 2374: 2366: 1915: 1438:Demographics of Paris 1350:and Spanish painters 1292: 1261:Universal Expositions 1208:Industrial Revolution 1182:by a Parisian mob on 1178: 1114:, culminating in the 956:Sainte Geneviève Hill 852:Faubourg Saint-Honoré 519: 505:the cold wave of 2006 419:couronne peri-urbaine 144: 5162:48.86667°N 2.33306°E 5108:Google Maps of Paris 5076:: CS1 maint: year ( 5042:: CS1 maint: year ( 3725:2007 Rugby World Cup 3723:Paris will host the 3601:Notre-Dame cathedral 3546:place de la Concorde 3382:Moulin de la Galette 3342:The below-mentioned 2994:Universal Exposition 2778:on the banks of the 2687:Water and sanitation 2494:, line T2 runs from 2265:Préfécture de Police 2145:(capital) of a vast 1376:General von Choltitz 1294:The Trocadéro Palace 1212:French Second Empire 1022:Francia occidentalis 753:Place de la Concorde 735:Place de la Concorde 719:Place de la Bastille 489:North Atlantic Drift 44:and largest city of 26:For other uses, see 5158: / 3655:Paris Basket Racing 3647:Paris Saint-Germain 3540:from 1898, and the 3384:guinguette and the 3117:University of Paris 3099:built in the later 3045:tallest skyscrapers 3000:skyscraper and the 2972:Notre Dame de Paris 2677:renovation of Paris 2673:Boulevard Haussmann 2634:École Polytechnique 2406:Transport in France 2358:("Greater Paris"). 2271:of bordering three 1952:metropolitan France 1888:metropolitan France 1798:11th arrondissement 1690:Statistical Growth 1470: 1358:to American writer 1250:Franco-Prussian War 1166:of the monarchy in 1065:University of Paris 1026:Odo, Count of Paris 775:connection station. 729:seventeenth century 540:are on the horizon. 387:The City of Paris ( 347:Topography of Paris 4454: 4354:The United Kingdom 3751: 3665:. The 80,000-seat 3567: 3477: 3455:Grand-écran Italie 3386:Élysées-Montmartre 3344:Élysées-Montmartre 3257: 3241: 3125:thirteenth century 3105:Paris Opera Ballet 3078:Statues of Liberty 2980:nineteenth century 2934: 2923: 2869:Catacombs of Paris 2865:Cimetière de Passy 2837:14e arrondissement 2749: 2746:Canal Saint-Martin 2680: 2576: 2561: 2428:Le Bourget airport 2402:Transport in Paris 2385: 2369: 2263:jurisdiction. The 2157:, but this unique 2135:Ier arrondissement 2052:services, 8.2% in 1921: 1460: 1315: 1305:Palais de Chaillot 1265:nineteenth century 1198:Nineteenth century 1191: 1084:Hundred Years' War 835:Galeries Lafayette 542: 211:Lutetia Parisiorum 151: 5167:48.86667; 2.33306 5142: 5141: 5133:Succeeded by 4499:cite encyclopedia 4458: 4457: 4444: 4443: 3755: 3754: 3630: 3629: 3571: 3570: 3481: 3480: 3313:Maurice Chevalier 3261: 3260: 3212:eras are kept in 3168:statue. Works by 3086:Luxembourg Garden 3074:French Revolution 3033:Place de l'Étoile 3021:Tuileries Gardens 2998:Tour Montparnasse 2938: 2937: 2931:Bois de Vincennes 2841:Denfert-Rochereau 2824:Bois de Vincennes 2816:folie de Chartres 2788:Luxembourg Garden 2756:Parks and gardens 2753: 2752: 2684: 2683: 2580: 2579: 2573:Gare Saint-Lazare 2509:(STIF), formerly 2463:Gare Saint-Lazare 2459:Gare d'Austerlitz 2447:Gare Montparnasse 2389: 2388: 2247:conseil municipal 2221:French Revolution 2195:Municipal offices 2177:Seine-Saint-Denis 2124:French Revolution 2116:Paris has been a 2095: 2094: 2034:metropolitan area 2014: 2013: 1965: 1964: 1905: 1904: 1875: 1874: 1866:metropolitan area 1858:French Revolution 1807: 1806: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1745: 1709: 1673: 1664: 1638: 1592: 1542: 1510: 1501: 1469: 1458: 1457: 1425: 1424: 1322:Twentieth century 1319: 1318: 1195: 1194: 1152:French Revolution 983: 982: 895: 894: 860:Christian Lacroix 700: 699: 597:Avg high °C (°F) 546: 545: 522:Tour Montparnasse 501:heat wave of 2003 473:Bois de Vincennes 453:prefect Haussmann 432:metropolitan area 405:Bois de Vincennes 393:square kilometres 391:) covers 105.397 334: 333: 251:"I'm from Paname" 168: 167: 155: 154: 106:metropolitan area 5178: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5116:Preceded by 5113: 5112: 5101: 5093: 5081: 5075: 5067: 5052: 5047: 5041: 5033: 5018: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4908: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4748: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4714: 4710: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4569: 4564: 4562: 4554: 4552: 4551: 4538: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4504: 4502: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4475: 4471: 4428: 4427: 4405: 4404: 4386: 4385: 4367: 4366: 4348: 4347: 4329: 4328: 4310: 4309: 4291: 4290: 4272: 4271: 4253: 4252: 4234: 4233: 4215: 4214: 4196: 4195: 4177: 4176: 4158: 4157: 4141:Saint Petersberg 4139: 4138: 4120: 4119: 4101: 4100: 4082: 4081: 4063: 4062: 4040: 4039: 4017: 4016: 3994: 3993: 3975: 3974: 3956: 3955: 3937: 3936: 3918: 3917: 3899: 3898: 3880: 3879: 3861: 3860: 3842: 3841: 3823: 3822: 3804: 3803: 3780: 3779: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3743: 3712:Bois de Boulogne 3637: 3578: 3542:Hôtel de Crillon 3536:appeared in the 3499:in 1689 and the 3488: 3321:Charles Aznavour 3317:Georges Brassens 3268: 3196:, also known as 2950: 2929:The lake in the 2845:Paris Catacombes 2820:Bois de Boulogne 2792:Marie de' Medici 2776:Tuileries Garden 2760: 2698:canal de l'Ourcq 2691: 2592: 2420:Roissy-en-France 2396: 2338:Intercommunality 2319:préfet de Paris, 2311:regional council 2209:conseil de Paris 2205:Council of Paris 2102: 2086:tourism industry 2021: 1972: 1929:Economy of Paris 1923: 1882: 1814: 1772: 1732: 1701: 1666: 1662: 1613: 1571: 1533: 1508: 1499: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1471: 1465: 1432: 1344:inter-war period 1326: 1254:Commune of Paris 1202: 1055:From 1190, King 990: 908:History of Paris 902: 866:Avenue Montaigne 846:American Express 743:Hôtel de Crillon 707: 548: 547: 469:Bois de Boulogne 401:Bois de Boulogne 341: 320: 302: 286: 270: 256: 255: 254: 252: 208: 192: 175: 157: 71:la Ville Lumière 33: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5138: 5129: 5121: 5099: 5091: 5088: 5069: 5068: 5050: 5035: 5034: 5016: 5008: 5003: 5002: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4970: 4968: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4916: 4912: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4857: 4855: 4847: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4833: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4784: 4783: 4779: 4770: 4768: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4746: 4744: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4722: 4720: 4712: 4711: 4704: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4654: 4652: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4618: 4616: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4594: 4592: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4567: 4565: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4547: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4519: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4496: 4495: 4489: 4487: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4422: 4421: 4399: 4398: 4380: 4379: 4361: 4360: 4342: 4341: 4323: 4322: 4304: 4303: 4285: 4284: 4266: 4265: 4247: 4246: 4228: 4227: 4209: 4208: 4190: 4189: 4171: 4170: 4152: 4151: 4133: 4132: 4114: 4113: 4095: 4094: 4076: 4075: 4057: 4056: 4034: 4033: 4011: 4010: 3988: 3987: 3969: 3968: 3950: 3949: 3931: 3930: 3912: 3911: 3893: 3892: 3874: 3873: 3855: 3854: 3836: 3835: 3817: 3816: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3774: 3773: 3760: 3748:Stade de France 3690:FIFA World Cups 3667:Stade de France 3635: 3585:Baron Haussmann 3576: 3486: 3426:Claude Lelouche 3418: 3372: 3360:parc-omnisports 3358:quarter and a " 3354:hall in Paris' 3290: 3275: 3266: 3237:Arc de Triomphe 3146: 3140: 3128:Sainte-Chapelle 3080:located on the 3031:centred in the 3029:Arc de Triomphe 3013:Historical axis 2990:Arc de Triomphe 2966:twelfth century 2958: 2956:Paris landmarks 2948: 2943: 2832: 2808:Buttes Chaumont 2768: 2758: 2729:Eugène Belgrand 2714:Eugène Belgrand 2689: 2660:Stade de France 2602:Baron Haussmann 2590: 2585: 2481: 2408: 2400:Main articles: 2394: 2340: 2285: 2269:petite couronne 2251:conseil général 2227:(governing the 2197: 2114: 2106:Main articles: 2100: 2019: 1970: 1931: 1910: 1880: 1840:grande couronne 1838:(also known as 1830:petite couronne 1828:(also known as 1812: 1770: 1739: 1731: 1700: 1661: 1617: 1612: 1575: 1570: 1532: 1516: 1507: 1498: 1464: 1440: 1430: 1378:, to carry out 1372:General Leclerc 1324: 1279:opened for the 1200: 1057:Philip Augustus 1030:Charles the Fat 988: 910: 900: 842:Crédit Lyonnais 838:grands magasins 783:twelfth century 715: 713:Paris districts 705: 528:. On the right 481: 445:arrondissements 359:and the larger 357:Île Saint-Louis 349: 339: 250: 247: 246: 173: 164: 31: 22: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 5184: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5131: 5122: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5097: 5087: 5086:External links 5084: 5083: 5082: 5048: 5007: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4977: 4953: 4926: 4876: 4864: 4840: 4831: 4804: 4777: 4766:""Le Cholera"" 4753: 4729: 4702: 4679: 4661: 4637: 4625: 4601: 4577: 4529: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4293:Washington, DC 4164:Czech Republic 3795:Partner cities 3759: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3737: 3694:Tour de France 3671:FIFA World Cup 3663:Stade Français 3634: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3614:From the post- 3575: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3550: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3474:Palais Garnier 3466: 3430:Claude Chabrol 3282:Opera Bastille 3265: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3228: 3142:Main article: 3139: 3136: 3097:Palais Garnier 3082:Île aux Cygnes 3025:Champs-Elysées 2976:Île de la Cité 2954:Main article: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2908: 2831: 2828: 2764:Main article: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2738: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2665: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2548: 2437:) and normal ( 2393: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2360: 2339: 2336: 2284: 2280:Île-de-France 2278: 2213:mayor of Paris 2196: 2193: 2173:Hauts-de-Seine 2099: 2098:Administration 2096: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2058:communications 2054:transportation 2018: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2009: 1978:Hauts-de-Seine 1969: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1956:European Union 1927:Main article: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1892:mainland China 1879: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1870: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1564: 1563: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1520: 1511: 1502: 1493: 1488: 1479: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1448:gentrification 1436:Main article: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1296:built for the 1286: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1172: 1112:Catholic party 987: 984: 981: 980: 978: 926:Île de la Cité 906:Main article: 899: 896: 893: 892: 890: 889: 888: 863: 849: 820: 814: 804: 790: 779:Quartier Latin 776: 766: 760: 750: 741:- home to the 732: 725:Champs-Élysées 722: 711:Main article: 704: 701: 698: 697: 695: 686: 685: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 640: 639: 637: 634: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 594: 593: 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 544: 543: 524:) towards the 513: 480: 477: 361:Île de la Cité 345:Main article: 338: 335: 332: 331: 329: 172: 169: 166: 165: 162: 160: 153: 152: 138: 111:Paris and the 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5183: 5174: 5171: 5137: 5128: 5127: 5120: 5114: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5098: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5079: 5073: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5049: 5045: 5039: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5012: 4990: 4981: 4967: 4957: 4940: 4930: 4922: 4906: 4889: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4854: 4844: 4835: 4818: 4808: 4791: 4781: 4767: 4757: 4743: 4733: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4692: 4683: 4675: 4665: 4651: 4641: 4629: 4615: 4605: 4591: 4581: 4573: 4560: 4546: 4542: 4533: 4525: 4513: 4500: 4486: 4485: 4479: 4470: 4466: 4450: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4365: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4302: 4298: 4297:United States 4294: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4055: 4051: 4050:United States 4047: 4043: 4042:San Francisco 4038: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4009: 4005: 4004:United States 4001: 3997: 3992: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3840: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3772: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3758:Sister Cities 3749: 3744: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3707:Roland Garros 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3579: 3564: 3561:, painted by 3560: 3555: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3538:Place Vendôme 3535: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3505:Palais-Royale 3502: 3498: 3495: 3489: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3463: 3462: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3390:Chateau-Rouge 3387: 3383: 3379: 3378:Bals-concerts 3375: 3371: 3367: 3365: 3362:" stadium in 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3278:Opéra Garnier 3274: 3269: 3264:Entertainment 3254: 3251:, one of the 3250: 3245: 3238: 3233: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3219: 3218:Musée d'Orsay 3215: 3211: 3210:Impressionist 3207: 3203: 3200:, houses the 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3178:Musée Picasso 3176:are found in 3175: 3171: 3170:Pablo Picasso 3167: 3166: 3165:Venus de Milo 3161: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3121:Latin Quarter 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3101:Second Empire 3098: 3093: 3091: 3090:New York City 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3069:ancien régime 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2988: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2932: 2927: 2921: 2920:Père Lachaise 2917: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2796:Second Empire 2794:. During the 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2747: 2743: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2692: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2621:muséification 2617: 2615: 2611: 2610:Second Empire 2607: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2583:City Function 2574: 2570: 2565: 2558: 2553: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2534:A86 autoroute 2531: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2451:Gare de l'Est 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2365: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2327:Île-de-France 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2295:Île-de-France 2292: 2291: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2165:département's 2162: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2113: 2109: 2103: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2066:manufacturing 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2022: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1989:Opéra Garnier 1986: 1983:and suburban 1982: 1979: 1973: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1935:Île-de-France 1930: 1924: 1918: 1914: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844:Île-de-France 1841: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1821: 1815: 1801: 1799: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782:New York City 1779: 1773: 1744: 1742: 1741:commuter belt 1737: 1736:agglomeration 1730: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1708: 1706: 1705:agglomeration 1699: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1657:Ile-de-France 1654: 1653: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1540: 1537: 1531: 1530:City of Paris 1528: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1506: 1503: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1419: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1327: 1313: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1295: 1291: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1209: 1203: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1106:. During the 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1079:marketplace. 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1044:. In 987 AD, 1043: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1001: 997: 991: 977: 975: 971: 968: 964: 961: 957: 954: 950: 949: 944: 940: 936: 932: 927: 923: 919: 915: 909: 903: 887: 883: 879: 875: 874:Louis Vuitton 871: 867: 864: 861: 857: 853: 850: 847: 843: 839: 836: 832: 828: 827:Opéra Garnier 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 808: 805: 802: 798: 794: 791: 788: 784: 780: 777: 774: 770: 767: 764: 761: 758: 754: 751: 748: 744: 740: 739:Place Vendome 736: 733: 730: 726: 723: 720: 717: 716: 714: 708: 696: 694: 693: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 666: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 626: 623: 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 565: 562: 559: 556: 553: 550: 549: 539: 535: 534:Les Invalides 531: 527: 523: 518: 512: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 441: 439: 438: 433: 429: 428: 424: 423:Île-de-France 420: 416: 415: 414:unité urbaine 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 385: 383: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 348: 342: 328: 326: 322: 319: 315: 311: 308: 307:Île-de-France 304: 301: 296: 292: 288: 285: 280: 276: 272: 269: 264: 260: 253: 244: 241:() in French 240: 235: 233: 229: 225: 224: 220: 216: 212: 204: 203: 198: 194: 191: 186: 182: 176: 158: 148: 143: 137: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 118: 114: 113:Île-de-France 109: 107: 103: 98: 96: 92: 87: 82: 80: 76: 72: 68: 67:global cities 64: 60: 56: 55: 51: 50:Île-de-France 47: 43: 39: 34: 29: 19: 18:User:Equendil 5143: 5124: 5100:(in English) 5092:(in English) 5055: 5021: 5010: 5009: 5006:Bibliography 4992:. Retrieved 4980: 4969:. Retrieved 4956: 4945:. Retrieved 4929: 4913:|first= 4894:. Retrieved 4884:(in English) 4879: 4867: 4856:. Retrieved 4843: 4834: 4823:. Retrieved 4807: 4796:. Retrieved 4780: 4769:. Retrieved 4756: 4745:. Retrieved 4732: 4721:. Retrieved 4694:. Retrieved 4682: 4673: 4664: 4653:. Retrieved 4640: 4628: 4617:. Retrieved 4604: 4593:. Retrieved 4580: 4568:|first= 4548:. Retrieved 4532: 4508:|first= 4488:. Retrieved 4483: 4474:(in English) 4469: 4107:Saudi Arabia 3794: 3770: 3769: 3722: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3640: 3620:Moulin Rouge 3613: 3609:Eiffel tower 3593: 3581: 3563:Henri Gervex 3523: 3513: 3510: 3501:café Régence 3500: 3497:Café Procope 3491: 3459:Grand-écran 3458: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3422:réalisateurs 3421: 3415: 3414: 3405: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3359: 3341: 3337:le Splendide 3306: 3301: 3287: 3286: 3272: 3271: 3221: 3197: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3094: 3067: 3064:Conciergerie 3049: 3041:Grande Arche 3010: 2983:Eiffel Tower 2959: 2900: 2893: 2882: 2875: 2873: 2849: 2833: 2815: 2812:Parc Monceau 2800:Napoleon III 2782:next to the 2769: 2732: 2719: 2703:Napoleon III 2694: 2658: 2632: 2620: 2618: 2613: 2605: 2595: 2557:Gare de Lyon 2556: 2539:Francilienne 2537: 2530:Périphérique 2523: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2492:Noisy-le-Sec 2480: 2455:Gare de Lyon 2443:Gare du Nord 2432: 2412:Orly Airport 2409: 2380: 2377:départements 2376: 2355: 2351: 2341: 2329: 2318: 2315:départements 2314: 2310: 2309:. Its first 2306:départements 2304: 2298: 2288: 2286: 2281: 2273:départements 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2224: 2217: 2208: 2200: 2198: 2188: 2184: 2181:Val-de-Marne 2169:départements 2168: 2164: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2142: 2140: 2133: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2108:Paris mayors 2031: 2024: 2004: 1997:Val de Seine 1975: 1968:Organisation 1938: 1932: 1885: 1862:World War II 1851: 1839: 1835:départements 1833: 1829: 1825:départements 1823: 1817: 1794: 1775: 1733: 1726: 1702: 1695: 1670: 1660: 1655: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1561:Départements 1560: 1538: 1529: 1517: 1513: 1504: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1466: 1461: 1441: 1428:Demographics 1410: 1406:Périphérique 1404: 1392: 1388:Belle Époque 1386: 1384: 1329: 1309: 1304: 1298: 1269:Eiffel Tower 1263:of the late 1258: 1240: 1226: 1223:Napoleon III 1217:Belle Époque 1215: 1205: 1104:Loire Valley 1081: 1054: 993: 976:occupation. 969: 962: 946: 911: 837: 817:Montparnasse 689: 526:Eiffel Tower 509: 483:Paris has a 482: 449:Napoleon III 442: 437:aire urbaine 435: 425: 418: 412: 386: 379: 368: 350: 324: 313: 295:banlieusards 294: 278: 262: 238: 236: 231: 227: 221: 214: 210: 200: 183:(RP) or in 178: 147:Eiffel Tower 115: 110: 99: 95:Eiffel Tower 89:(1,063 83: 75:19th century 73:) since the 70: 52: 37: 36: 5165: / 5119:West Berlin 5058:. Rivages. 5051:(in French) 5017:(in French) 4985:(in French) 4961:(in French) 4934:(in French) 4917:|last= 4848:(in French) 4812:(in French) 4785:(in French) 4761:(in French) 4737:(in French) 4713:(in French) 4687:(in French) 4669:(in French) 4645:(in French) 4633:(in French) 4609:(in French) 4585:(in French) 4537:(in French) 4373:Switzerland 4255:Mexico City 4019:Québec City 3924:South Korea 3771:Twin cities 3702:French Open 3659:rugby union 3605:Sacré-Coeur 3548:from 1909. 3438:Claude Zidi 3406:discothèque 3374:Guinguettes 3356:La Villette 3348:New Morning 3280:and modern 3214:Musée Cluny 3206:Middle Ages 3182:Musée Rodin 2488:Saint-Denis 2356:Grand Paris 2290:département 2261:département 2243:département 2232:département 2185:département 2160:département 2151:département 2005:département 1981:département 1878:Immigration 1536:département 1368:Free French 1332:World War I 1277:Paris Métro 1248:ending the 1154:, with the 1092:Joan of Arc 1088:Burgundians 1018:Carolingian 986:Middle ages 960:Gallo-Roman 912:The Celtic 803:populations 692:Weatherbase 381:département 373:Montmorency 325:provinciaux 314:Franciliens 213:, (French: 5064:2869306482 5030:2213598746 5024:. Fayard. 4994:2006-05-15 4971:2006-04-10 4947:2006-04-10 4896:2006-05-31 4858:2006-04-10 4825:2006-04-10 4798:2006-04-10 4771:2006-04-10 4747:2006-04-27 4723:2006-05-24 4696:2006-05-28 4655:2006-04-10 4619:2006-04-10 4595:2006-04-10 4550:2006-04-10 4520:|url= 4490:2006-04-10 4461:References 4046:California 3729:20 October 3717:Grand Slam 3651:basketball 3534:Hôtel Ritz 3434:Luc Besson 3424:) such as 3402:Belleville 3309:Édith Piaf 3162:) and the 3160:La Joconde 3058:, and the 3037:La Défense 3006:Montmartre 2987:Napoleonic 2985:, and the 2878:Saint-Ouen 2830:Cemeteries 2804:Montsouris 2625:La Défense 2614:alignement 2606:bourgeoise 2571:stations, 2496:La Défense 2418:in nearby 2375:The eight 2078:publishing 2074:electrical 2070:electronic 2060:, 6.6% in 2048:, 8.7% in 1993:La Défense 1985:La Défense 1917:La Défense 1820:urban area 1748:11,174,743 1728:Metro area 1697:Urban area 1676:10,952,011 1610:Outer ring 1568:Inner ring 1491:Population 1416:2005 riots 1397:La Défense 1348:Stravinsky 1214:, and the 1144:Versailles 1077:Les Halles 1046:Hugh Capet 1042:Right Bank 807:Montmartre 769:Les Halles 763:La Défense 757:guillotine 747:Hotel Ritz 538:La Défense 457:Montmartre 409:urban area 377:Val-d'Oise 369:urban area 365:Montmartre 181:pronounced 126:La Défense 102:urban area 5153:2°19′59″E 5150:48°52′0″N 5072:cite book 5038:cite book 4430:São Paulo 4221:Australia 3981:Indonesia 3494:left bank 3453:theatre, 3445:Left bank 3410:Le Palace 3333:la Cigale 3249:Mona Lisa 3198:Beaubourg 3155:Mona Lisa 3092:harbour. 3052:Invalides 2969:cathedral 2962:landmarks 2839:'s place 2725:Haussmann 2710:Haussmann 2559:in Paris 2392:Transport 2344:Marseille 2143:chef-lieu 2062:education 1790:Vincennes 1778:Manhattan 1712:9,644,507 1641:4,787,773 1595:4,038,992 1559:Suburban 1545:2,125,246 1514:1990-1999 1360:Hemingway 1232:Haussmann 1164:overthrow 1140:Louis XIV 1010:cathedral 953:left bank 831:Printemps 793:Le Marais 495:(75 337:Geography 263:Parisiens 207:/lutetja/ 179:Paris is 4915:missing 4905:cite web 4559:cite web 4482:Tourism 4407:Montréal 4202:Bulgaria 4183:Portugal 4084:Tbilissi 4065:Santiago 4000:Illinois 3657:and the 3643:football 3300:and the 3113:Sorbonne 3060:Panthéon 3056:Napoleon 3027:and the 2964:are the 2916:Cemetery 2899:and the 2867:and the 2774:are the 2526:motorway 2424:Beauvais 2155:communes 2082:printing 2027:services 1995:and the 1786:Boulogne 1663:(entire 1307:for the 1236:medieval 1225:and his 1162:and the 1138:). King 1124:Henry IV 1122:). King 1073:colleges 1050:Capetian 1006:Clovis I 1000:Frankish 935:Nanterre 886:Givenchy 787:Sorbonne 690:Source: 670:11 (52) 667:14 (57) 664:14 (58) 661:12 (54) 636:15 (59) 627:15 (59) 624:20 (69) 621:24 (75) 618:24 (75) 615:21 (70) 612:18 (64) 609:14 (57) 606:10 (51) 530:Napoleon 375:forest ( 132:and the 81:" city. 79:romantic 5136:Glasgow 5011:History 4570:value ( 4522:value ( 4510:value ( 4480:, MSN. 4478:Encarta 4392:Algeria 4388:Algiers 4240:Armenia 4122:Beijing 4088:Georgia 3996:Chicago 3977:Jakarta 3962:Lebanon 3905:Germany 3574:Tourism 3526:tourism 3516:of the 3514:cuisine 3503:at the 3398:le Java 3329:Olympia 3298:Mogador 3138:Museums 3004:on the 2974:on the 2941:Culture 2903:Bagneux 2885:Bobigny 2772:gardens 2484:tramway 2239:commune 2189:commune 2119:commune 2046:defense 2017:Sectors 1908:Economy 1768:Density 1757:+2.90% 1721:+1.85% 1703:(Paris 1685:+2.73% 1650:+5.93% 1604:+1.27% 1554:-1.26% 1505:Density 1352:Picasso 1330:During 1312:of 1937 1301:of 1878 1242:Cholera 1184:July 14 1086:by the 951:on the 948:Lutetia 914:Parisii 898:History 823:L'Opéra 789:campus. 682:7 (45) 679:2 (36) 676:4 (39) 673:8 (46) 658:9 (49) 655:5 (42) 652:3 (38) 649:1 (34) 646:1 (34) 633:7 (45) 630:9 (49) 603:7 (45) 600:6 (43) 479:Climate 461:Auteuil 395:(40.69 389:commune 279:Parigot 259:English 232:parisio 223:Parisii 202:Lutetia 185:English 59:suburbs 42:capital 40:is the 5062: 5028: 4566:Check 4518:Check 4506:Check 4434:Brazil 4415:Canada 4411:Québec 4369:Geneva 4350:London 4335:Greece 4331:Athens 4312:Madrid 4278:Poland 4274:Warsaw 4259:Mexico 4236:Erevan 4217:Sydney 4179:Lisbon 4160:Prague 4145:Russia 4103:Riyadh 4027:Canada 4023:Québec 3958:Beirut 3943:Russia 3939:Moscow 3901:Berlin 3867:Jordan 3698:Tennis 3649:, the 3633:Sports 3597:Louvre 3565:, 1877 3518:Alsace 3450:le Rex 3416:Cinema 3394:Apollo 3352:Zenith 3325:Bobino 3294:Bobino 3253:Louvre 3239:by day 3150:Louvre 3109:Louvre 3023:, the 3017:Louvre 3008:hill. 2978:, the 2892:, the 2889:Pantin 2881:, the 2784:Louvre 2733:réseau 2722:Préfet 2707:Préfet 2651:Saclay 2647:INSEAD 2629:Rungis 2461:, and 2439:Corail 2381:région 2331:région 2300:région 2282:région 2225:préfet 2050:health 2038:retail 1939:région 1896:Africa 1847:région 1751:14,518 1679:12,011 1668:région 1644:11,249 1620:Depts. 1578:Depts. 1551:20,240 1518:growth 1509:(/km²) 1444:census 1380:Hitler 1340:Allied 1267:. The 1228:préfet 1210:, the 1132:Fronde 1069:Europe 1061:Louvre 1034:Viking 970:Lutèce 967:400 AD 963:Lutèce 924:. The 870:Chanel 856:Hermès 801:Jewish 551:Month 427:région 310:région 275:French 261:, and 239:Paname 228:parios 219:Gallic 215:Lutèce 209:), or 197:French 187:, and 130:UNESCO 117:région 54:région 46:France 5130:1989 5022:Paris 4942:(PDF) 4891:(PDF) 4820:(PDF) 4793:(PDF) 4541:INSEE 4316:Spain 4198:Sofia 4126:China 4069:Chile 3920:Seoul 3886:Yemen 3882:Sanaa 3863:Amman 3848:Egypt 3844:Cairo 3829:Japan 3825:Tokyo 3810:Japan 3806:Kyoto 3786:Italy 3661:club 3653:team 3645:club 3461:Bercy 3364:Bercy 3273:Opera 3174:Rodin 2780:Seine 2643:ESSEC 2569:Métro 2476:1960s 2467:Métro 2323:Seine 2258:Seine 2229:Seine 2147:Seine 1718:3,542 1715:2,723 1601:6,148 1524:City 1500:(km²) 1486:Areas 1411:cités 1393:cités 1246:siege 1037:siege 1014:abbey 994:From 974:Roman 943:52 BC 931:Bercy 918:Seine 773:metro 590:Year 353:Seine 291:slang 273:) in 243:slang 86:Seine 38:Paris 16:< 5078:link 5060:ISBN 5044:link 5026:ISBN 4921:help 4572:help 4524:help 4512:help 4438:2004 4419:2003 4396:2003 4377:2002 4358:2001 4339:2000 4320:2000 4301:2000 4282:1999 4263:1999 4244:1998 4225:1998 4206:1998 4187:1998 4168:1997 4149:1997 4130:1997 4111:1997 4092:1997 4073:1997 4054:1996 4031:1996 4008:1996 3985:1995 3966:1992 3947:1992 3928:1991 3909:1987 3890:1987 3871:1987 3852:1985 3833:1982 3814:1958 3790:1956 3782:Rome 3746:The 3733:2007 3687:1998 3685:and 3683:1938 3679:1924 3677:and 3675:1900 3616:WW I 3603:and 3559:Café 3457:and 3432:and 3396:and 3388:and 3376:and 3335:and 3327:, l' 3319:and 3247:The 3235:The 3216:and 3208:and 3180:and 3172:and 3148:The 3095:The 3050:The 3011:The 2896:Ivry 2822:and 2655:Évry 2555:The 2544:A104 2519:SNCF 2515:RATP 2500:Issy 2404:and 2348:Lyon 2346:and 2241:and 2179:and 2110:and 2080:and 2072:and 2056:and 2044:and 1944:2003 1894:and 1860:and 1788:and 1496:Area 1356:Dalí 1354:and 1206:The 1188:1789 1168:1792 1160:1789 1148:1682 1136:1648 1128:1594 1120:1572 1100:1437 1096:1429 1012:and 1003:king 939:Rome 884:and 882:Dior 878:LVMH 858:and 844:and 833:and 799:and 745:and 587:Dec 584:Nov 581:Oct 578:Sep 575:Aug 572:Jul 569:Jun 566:May 563:Apr 560:Mar 557:Feb 554:Jan 503:and 471:and 467:the 465:1929 459:and 451:and 403:and 171:Name 145:The 134:OECD 4873:PPP 3591:. 3047:. 2918:of 2705:'s 2653:or 2639:HEC 2498:to 2490:to 2472:RER 2435:TGV 2215:. 2138:. 1947:GDP 1780:in 1754:770 1682:912 1647:426 1598:657 1548:105 1401:RER 1158:in 1146:in 880:), 797:gay 397:mi² 195:in 122:GDP 5074:}} 5070:{{ 5040:}} 5036:{{ 4909:: 4907:}} 4903:{{ 4705:^ 4563:: 4561:}} 4557:{{ 4516:; 4503:: 4501:}} 4497:{{ 4436:, 4432:, 4417:, 4413:, 4409:, 4394:, 4390:, 4375:, 4371:, 4356:, 4352:, 4337:, 4333:, 4318:, 4314:, 4299:, 4295:, 4280:, 4276:, 4261:, 4257:, 4242:, 4238:, 4223:, 4219:, 4204:, 4200:, 4185:, 4181:, 4166:, 4162:, 4147:, 4143:, 4128:, 4124:, 4109:, 4105:, 4090:, 4086:, 4071:, 4067:, 4052:, 4048:, 4044:, 4029:, 4025:, 4021:, 4006:, 4002:, 3998:, 3983:, 3979:, 3964:, 3960:, 3945:, 3941:, 3926:, 3922:, 3907:, 3903:, 3888:, 3884:, 3869:, 3865:, 3850:, 3846:, 3831:, 3827:, 3812:, 3808:, 3788:, 3784:, 3735:. 3731:, 3464:. 3428:, 3408:: 3339:. 3331:, 3315:, 3311:, 3296:, 3226:. 3134:. 2871:. 2863:, 2859:, 2847:. 2826:. 2806:, 2798:, 2645:, 2641:, 2637:, 2457:, 2453:, 2449:, 2445:, 2334:. 2297:" 2175:, 1991:, 1849:. 1635:95 1633:, 1631:91 1629:, 1627:78 1625:, 1623:77 1589:94 1587:, 1585:93 1583:, 1581:92 1539:75 1418:. 1186:, 1170:. 1024:. 996:AD 922:BC 872:, 781:- 727:- 507:. 497:°F 493:°C 136:. 93:) 91:ft 5080:) 5066:. 5046:) 5032:. 4997:. 4974:. 4950:. 4923:) 4919:( 4899:. 4861:. 4828:. 4801:. 4774:. 4750:. 4726:. 4699:. 4658:. 4622:. 4598:. 4574:) 4553:. 4526:) 4514:) 4493:. 3420:( 3158:( 2905:. 2887:- 2207:( 2149:" 1743:) 1738:, 1734:( 1707:) 1671:) 1637:) 1618:( 1591:) 1576:( 1541:) 1534:( 1118:( 876:( 862:. 848:. 749:. 737:/ 434:( 411:( 297:( 281:( 265:( 245:( 205:( 30:.

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