Dalit - Knowledge

619: 2774:, the Dalit castes were chased away from their lands to build large buildings. They were also forced to drink oil mixed with red lead causing them to die, and then they were buried in the foundations of buildings, thus wiping out generations of Dalits. Under the rule of Baji Rao, if a Dalit crossed in front of a gym, they would cut off his head and play "bat and ball" on the ground, with their swords as bats and his head as a ball. Under these 17th century kings, human sacrifice of untouchable persons was not unusual. They also created intricate rules and operations to ensure that they stayed untouchables. George Kunnath claims that there "is and has been an internal hierarchy between the various Dalit castes". According to Kunnath, the 3038: 3873: 3992:, alleging that a Dalit engineer at the company faced discrimination from two of his upper-caste supervisors for his Dalit background. The lawsuit claims that "higher caste supervisors and co-workers imported the discriminatory system's practices into their team and Cisco's workplace". In 2023, the California Civil Rights Department voluntarily dismissed its case alleging caste discrimination against two Cisco engineers, while still keeping alive its litigation against Cisco Systems. The CRD was later symbolically fined $ 2000 for their false case against the two engineers and CISCO. 3407: 2712:

Dalits. BJP also strengthened and expanded a series of discriminatory laws and measures that target religious minorities. These include anti-conversion laws, blamed by human rights groups for empowering Hindutva groups to conduct campaigns of harassment, social exclusion and violence against Christians, Muslims, and other religious minorities across the country’. Laws ostensibly meant for the protection of cows continue to provide institutional backing for similar campaigns against Muslims and Dalits."

3718:, is a budget allocation by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for the welfare of Dalits. The law was enacted in May 2013. SCs and STs have separate panels for spending. The plan was meant to prevent the government from diverting funds meant for SCs and STs to other programs, which was historically the case. As of 2013, no equivalent national plan existed. Scheduled Castes Sub Plan and Tribal Sub-Plan funds are often diverted by state governments to other purposes. 15559: 3007:, a former chairman of the NCSC, said that the number of pending cases was high because most of the extant Special Courts were not exclusive but rather being used to process some non-POA cases, and because "The special prosecutors are not bothered and the cases filed under this Act are as neglected as the victims". While Dalit rights organisations were cautiously optimistic that the amended Act would improve the situation, legal experts were pessimistic. 3373:

backgrounds. In many cases, the churches referred to the Dalits as 'New Christians'. It is alleged to be a derogatory term which classifies the Dalit Christians to be looked down upon by other Christians. During the earlier days of Christianity, in some churches in south India, the Dalits had either separate seating or had to attend the mass outside. Dalit Christians are also said to be grossly underrepresented amongst the clergy in some places.

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punish violence against Dalits, including humiliations such as the forced consumption of noxious substances. Other atrocities included forced labour, denial of access to water and other public amenities, and sexual abuse. The Act permitted Special Courts exclusively to try POA cases. The Act called on states with high levels of caste violence (said to be "atrocity-prone") to appoint qualified officers to monitor and maintain law and order.

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previous traditions. This is attributed to the predominantly Hindu society they lived in. Discrimination against Dalit Christians also remained in interactions and mannerisms between castes; for example, during the earlier days, the 'lower caste Christians' had to their mouths when talking to a Syrian Christian. In many cases they were still referred to by their Hindu caste names: For example

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Scheduled Tribes which is proportionate to their population. The percentage is highest in Maharashtra (50 per cent), Karnataka (36.4 per cent) and Madhya Pradesh (36 per cent). Dalits have been arrested on false pretexts. According to Human Rights Watch, politically motivated arrests of Dalit rights activists occur and those arrested can be detained for six months without charge.

3977:, immigrants from India were primarily professionals and students, largely from upper caste or dominant caste families. However, from the 1990s onwards, many more of the skilled professionals arriving from India have been Dalit, due to multiple generations of affirmative action policies in India, as well as ongoing efforts of organised resistance against caste discrimination. 3762:

were claimed to be less effective in the workplace and would not help when the authorities were discriminating. One criticism of discrimination law was the difficulty in obtaining proof of violations. Perceived benefits of legislation were that it provides redress, leads to greater understanding and reduces the social acceptance of such discrimination.

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extended the number of acts that were deemed to be atrocities. One of those remedies, in an attempt to address the slow process of cases, was to make it mandatory for states to set up the exclusive Special Courts that the POA had delineated. Progress in doing so, however, was reported in April 2017 to be unimpressive.

3581:'s (Hindu nationalism) role in Indian politics has accompanied allegations that religious conversions of Dalits are due to allurements like education and jobs rather than faith. Critics argue that laws banning conversion and limiting social relief for converts mean that conversion impedes economic success. However, 3372:

Even after conversion, to some extent segregation, restriction, hierarchy, and graded ritual purity remained. Data shows that there is more discrimination and less class mobility among the people living in rural areas, where incidents of caste discrimination are higher among people from all religious

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Mass conversions of lower caste Hindus to Christianity and Islam took place in order to escape the discrimination. The main Dalit groups that participated in these conversions were the Chuhras of Punjab, Chamars of North India (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh), Vankars of Gujarat, and Pulayas

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Surinder S. Jodhka says that, in practice, Sikhs belonging to the landowning dominant castes have not shed all their prejudices against the Dalit castes. While Dalits would be allowed entry into the village gurudwaras they would not be permitted to cook or serve langar (the communal meal). Therefore,

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ordered the rape of two Dalit sisters because their brother eloped with a married Jat girl of the same village. In 2003, the higher caste Muslims in Bihar opposed the burials of lower caste Muslims in the same graveyard. A Dalit activist was killed in 2020 for social media posts criticising Brahmins.

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documented a high number of sexual assaults against Dalit women, which were often committed by landlords, upper-caste villagers, and policemen, according to a study published in 2001. According to the research, only about 5% of assaults are recorded, and police dismiss at least 30% of rape reports as

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In 2018, Equality Labs released a report on "Caste in the United States". This report found that one in two Dalit Americans live in fear of their caste being "outed". In addition, 60% have experienced caste-based discriminatory jokes, and 25% have suffered verbal or physical assault because of their

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A 2010 study found that caste discrimination occurs in Britain at work and in service provision. While not ruling out the possibility of discrimination in education, no such incidents were uncovered. The report found favourable results from educational activities. However, non-legislative approaches

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Some claim that caste discrimination is non-existent. Some have rejected the government's right to interfere in the community. The Hindu Forum of Britain conducted their own research, concluding that caste discrimination was "not endemic in British society", reports to the contrary aimed to increase

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by upper caste members and the police. In September 2015, a 45-year-old Dalit woman was allegedly stripped naked and forced to drink urine by perpetrators in Madhya Pradesh. In some parts of India, there have been allegations that Dalit grooms riding horses for wedding ceremonies have been beaten up

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The South Asia State of Minorities Report 2020 has found that since the BJP (the Indian People's Party) has returned to political power in India as of May 2018, "Hate crimes against minorities have seen a spike – taking the form of mob lynching and vigilante violence against Muslims, Christians, and

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and nearly 17 per cent Brahmins alongside 80 per cent of Dalits. However, surveys of voters on the eve of elections, indicated that caste loyalties were not the voters' principal concern. Instead, inflation and other issues of social and economic development dictated the outcome. Mayawati's success

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The Government of India has attempted on several occasions to legislate specifically to address the issue of caste-related violence that affects SCs and STs. Aside from the Constitutional abolition of untouchability, there has been the Untouchability (Offences) Act of 1955, which was amended in the

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There have been incidents and allegations of SC and ST teachers and professors being discriminated against and harassed by authorities, upper castes colleagues and upper caste students in different education institutes of India. In some cases, such as in Gujarat, state governments have argued that,

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While discrimination against Dalits has declined in urban areas and in the public sphere, it still exists in rural areas and in the private sphere, in everyday matters such as access to eating places, schools, temples and water sources. Some Dalits successfully integrated into urban Indian society,

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and among the South Asian diaspora. In 2001, the quality of life of the Dalit population in India was worse than that of the overall Indian population on metrics such as access to health care, life expectancy, education attainability, access to drinking water and housing. According to a 2007 report

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By 1995, of all federal government jobs in India – 10.1 per cent of Class I, 12.7 per cent of Class II, 16.2 per cent of Class III, and 27.2 per cent of Class IV jobs were held by Dalits. Of the most senior jobs in government agencies and government-controlled enterprises, only 1 per cent were held

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wrote in 1998 that the term had become "intensely political ... While the use of the term might seem to express appropriate solidarity with the contemporary face of Untouchable politics, there remain major problems in adopting it as a generic term. Although the word is now quite widespread, it

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Christianity was thought to be egalitarian and could provide mobility away from the caste. Sometimes the only change seen was their religious identity. Even after conversion, in some cases, Dalits were discriminated against due to the "residual leftover" practice of caste discrimination from their

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Forced by the circumstances of their birth and poverty, Dalits in India continue to work as sanitation workers: manual scavengers, cleaners of drains & sewers, garbage collectors, and sweepers of roads. As of 2019, an estimated 40 to 60 per cent of the 6 million Dalit households are engaged in

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in 2010, "they still live in secluded quarters, do the dirtiest work, and are not allowed to use the village well and other common facilities". In the same year, Zelliot noted that "In spite of much progress over the last sixty years, Dalits are still at the social and economic bottom of society."

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also notes Singh's 2006 comment but says that, despite the obvious similarities, race prejudice and the situation of Dalits "have a different basis and perhaps a different solution". Though the Indian Constitution abolished untouchability, the oppressed status of Dalits remains a reality. In rural

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is the official term for Dalits in the opinion of India's National Commissions for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), who took legal advice that indicated modern legislation does not refer to Dalit and that therefore, it says, it is "unconstitutional" for official documents to do so. In 2004, the NCSC noted

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also detects a trend towards denial of the politicised identity, for example among educated middle-class people who have converted to Buddhism and argue that, as Buddhists, they cannot be Dalits. This may be due to their improved circumstances giving rise to a desire not to be associated with what

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prior to 1935. It was popularised by Ambedkar, himself a Dalit, who included all depressed people irrespective of their caste into the definition of Dalits. It covered people who were excluded from the fourfold varna system of Hinduism and thought of themselves as forming a fifth varna, describing

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The largest cohort of Roma is hypothesized to have entered the Punjab region of present-day Pakistan between 1001 and 1026 to fight on behalf of Hindu rulers against incursions of the Islamic Ghaznavid dynasty. Their motivation for doing so may have been a promise of promotion in caste (having at

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in 2011. Despite political connections and the financial ability to struggle against ingrained prejudices, Chirag was not able to "bag" any other movie project in the following years. Chirag, in his early days, described Bollywood as his "childhood dream", but eventually entered politics instead.

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of the Madura Mission were members of Nadars, Maravars, and Pallar. They believed that "Christianity is a true religion; a desire for protection from oppressors and, if possible, material aid; the desire for education for their children; and the knowledge that those who have become Christians had

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allegedly "gobbled up a substantial portion of the offerings". Though Dalits form more than 60 per cent of Talhan's 5,000-strong population, local traditions ensured that they were denied a place on the committee. The landlords, in league with radical Sikh organisations and the SGPC, attempted to

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Similar groups are found throughout the rest of the Indian subcontinent; less than 2 per cent of Pakistan's population are Hindu and 70–75 per cent of those Hindus are Dalits, in Nepal, Bangladesh had 5 million Dalits in 2010 with the majority being landless and in chronic poverty, and Sri Lanka.

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Most of India's 140 million Muslims are descended from local converts. Many of them converted to Islam to escape Hindu upper-caste oppression. 75% of the present Indian Muslim population are Dalits. In 2003, the higher caste Muslims in Bihar opposed the burials of lower caste Muslims in the same

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Discrimination is illegal under Indian law by the Removal of Civil Disabilities Act (Act 21 of 1938), the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act 1939 (Act XXII of 1939) and Article 17 of the Constitution which outlawed Untouchability. After India's independence in 1947, secular nationalism

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are affected by caste. Gurdwaras such as those of the Ramgarhia Sikhs are organised along caste lines and most are controlled by a single caste. In most British towns and cities with a significant Sikh population, rival gurdwaras can be found with caste-specific management committees. The caste

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The POA designated specific crimes against SCs and STs as "atrocities" – a criminal act that has "the quality of being shockingly cruel and inhumane" – which should be prosecuted under its terms rather than existing criminal law. It created corresponding punishments. Its purpose was to curb and

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According to the 2014 NCAER/University of Maryland survey, 27 per cent of the Indian population still practices untouchability; the figure may be higher because many people refuse to acknowledge doing so when questioned, although the methodology of the survey was also criticised for potentially

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to enhance the ability of Dalits to have political representation and to obtain government jobs and education. The 1950 Constitution of India included measures to improve the socioeconomic conditions of Dalits. Aside from banning untouchability, these included the reservation system, a means of

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Caste-based occupations held by Dalits also show a clear segregation which perpetuated even after becoming Christian. Occupational patterns (including manual scavenging) are prevalent among Dalit Christians in north-west India are said to be quite similar to those of Dalit Hindus. Occupational

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passed the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act to address issues regarding the implementation of the POA, including instances where the police put procedural obstacles in the way of alleged victims or indeed outright colluded with the accused. It also

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Discrimination against Dalits exists in access to healthcare and nutrition. A sample survey of Dalits, conducted over several months in Madhya Pradesh and funded by ActionAid in 2014, found that health field workers did not visit 65 per cent of Dalit settlements. 47 per cent of Dalits were not

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Dalits comprise a slightly disproportionate number of India's prison inmates. While Dalits (including both SCs and STs) constitute 25 per cent of the Indian population, they account for 33.2 per cent of prisoners. About 24.5 per cent of death row inmates in India are from Scheduled Castes and

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irrespective of caste, class, or sex. Mahatma Gandhi, an admirer of Mehta's work, first used the word in the context of identifying Dalits in 1933. Ambedkar disliked the name as it placed Dalits in relation to a greater Hindu nation rather than as in an independent community like Muslims. In

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Several Dalit groups are rivals and sometimes communal tensions are evident. A study found more than 900 Dalit sub-castes throughout India, with internal divisions. Emphasising any one caste threatens what is claimed to be an emerging Dalit identity and fostering rivalry among SCs.

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rape case, which arose out of a dispute of allocation of land, is an example of atrocities against Dalit girls and women. In August 2015, due to continued alleged discrimination from upper castes of the village, about 100 Dalit inhabitants converted to Islam in a ceremony at

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In the past, they were believed to be so impure that upper-caste Hindus considered their presence to be polluting. The "impure status" was related to their historic hereditary occupations that caste Hindus considered to be "polluting" or debased, such as working with

4361:(butchers) are generally viewed as a higher caste than Bhangis, the latter refuses to offer cleaning services to Khateeks, believing that their profession renders them unclean. They also consider the Balai, Dholi and Mogya as unclean and do not associate with them. 2849:, nearly 79 per cent of Adivasi households and 73 per cent of Dalit households were the most deprived among rural households in India. While 45 per cent of SC households are landless and earn a living by manual casual labour, the figure is 30 per cent for Adivasis. 3721:

While the Indian Constitution has provisions for the social and economic uplift of Dalits to support their upward social mobility, these concessions are limited to Hindus. Dalits who have converted to other religions have asked that benefits be extended to them.

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that created the classification of Scheduled Castes as Dalits. Communities that were categorised as being one of those groups were guaranteed a percentage of the seats in the national and state legislatures, as well as in government jobs and places of education.

2728:. Untouchability was also practised by people of minority religions – 23 per cent of Sikhs, 18 per cent of Muslims and 5 per cent of Christians. According to statewide data, Untouchability is most commonly practised in Madhya Pradesh (53 per cent), followed by 285:

still has deep roots in a tradition of political radicalism inspired by the figure of B. R. Ambedkar." They went on to suggest that its use risked erroneously labelling the entire population of untouchables in India as being united by a radical politics.

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concluded that the Hindu community in Britain is particularly well integrated, loosening caste ties. Casteist beliefs were prevalent mainly among first-generation immigrants, with such prejudices declining with each successive generation due to greater

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In the 1930s, Gandhi and Ambedkar disagreed regarding the retention of the Varna system. Whilst Ambedkar wanted to see it destroyed, Gandhi thought that it could be modified by reinterpreting Hindu texts so that the untouchables were absorbed into the

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James Lochtefeld, a professor of religion and Asian studies, said in 2002 that the "adoption and popularization of reflects their growing awareness of the situation, and their greater assertiveness in demanding their legal and constitutional rights".

439:, which literally mean First Dravidians, Kannadigas, and Andhras, respectively. These terms were first used in 1917 by Southern Dalit leaders, who believed that they were the indigenous inhabitants of India. The terms are used in the states of 14585: 3944:

It is estimated that in 1883, about one-third of the immigrants who arrived in the Caribbean were Dalits. The shared experience of being exploited in a foreign land gradually broke down caste barriers in the Caribbean Hindu communities.

3702:. Dalits are often used as a votebank. There have been instances where it has been alleged that an election-winning party reneged on promises made to the Dalits made during the election campaign or have excluded them from party affairs. 1649: 2716:

where caste origins are less obvious. In rural India, however, caste origins are more readily apparent and Dalits often remain excluded from local religious life, though some qualitative evidence suggests that exclusion is diminishing.

3242:. The Chamars came out in force and confronted the Randhawa and Bains Jat Sikh landlords, who refused to give the Chamars a share on the governing committee of a shrine dedicated to Shaheed Baba Nihal Singh. The shrine earned 3–7 2939:

is from the year 2000. In that year a total of 25,455 crimes against Dalits were committed; 2 Dalits were assaulted every hour, and in each day 3 Dalit women were raped, 2 Dalits were murdered, and 2 Dalit homes were set on fire.

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The declaration by princely states of Kerala between 1936 and 1947 that temples were open to all Hindus went a long way towards ending untouchability there. However, educational opportunities for Dalits in Kerala remain limited.

550:, when Ambedkar conceded his demand that the Dalits should have an electorate separate from the caste Hindus in return for Gandhi accepting measures along these lines. The notion of a separate electorate had been proposed in the 4135:'s collection of stories, "Jevha Mi Jat Chorali" (When I had Concealed My Caste), published in 1963, marked a significant turning point, portraying the harsh realities of Dalit lives and garnering critical acclaim. Writers like 3588:

Another political issue is Dalit affirmative-action quotas in government jobs and university admissions. About 8 per cent of the seats in the National and State Parliaments are reserved for Scheduled Caste and Tribe candidates.

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Dalit literature emerged in the 1970s with magazines like Puma and Panther, inspired by the Dalit Panthers movement in Maharashtra. Writers such as Rameshchandra Parmar and Sahil Parmar played vital roles in its development.

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same year to become the Protection of Civil Rights Act. It was determined that neither of those Acts were effective, so the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act of 1989 (POA) came into force.

4120:, suggesting a long-standing tradition of marginalized voices. This literary movement gained momentum in the mid-20th century, challenging the prevailing portrayals of life in mainstream literature. The publication of 642:(8%) and Tamil Nadu (7%) between them accounted for almost half the country's total Scheduled Caste population. They were most prevalent as a proportion of the states' population in Punjab, at about 32 per cent, while 610:, the Information and Broadcasting Ministry (I&B Ministry) of the Government of India issued an advisory to all media channels in September 2018, asking them to use "Scheduled Castes" instead of the word "Dalit". 10258: 4236:. The Indian author Rajesh Talwar has written a play titled 'Gandhi, Ambedkar, and the Four-Legged Scorpion' in which the personal experiences of Ambedkar and the sufferings of the community have been highlighted. 591:. Many social organisations have promoted better conditions for Dalits through education, healthcare and employment. Nonetheless, while caste-based discrimination was prohibited and untouchability abolished by the 4284:

When the media tried to talk to him about "Caste in Bollywood", he refused to talk about the matter. A recent Hindi film to portray a Dalit character in the leading role, although it was not acted by a Dalit, was

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wherever they could mobilise resources, the Sikh Dalits of Punjab have tried to construct their gurudwara and other local-level institutions to attain a certain degree of cultural autonomy. In 1953, Sikh leader

5712: 3550:, largely run by upper-caste landlords in Bihar. They oppose equal treatment of Dalits and have resorted to violence. The Ranvir Sena is considered a terrorist organisation by the government of India. In 2015, 3258:. In that time Jats conducted several boycotts against the Chamars. The Jat Sikhs and their allies cut off the power supply to their homes. In addition, various scuffles and fights set Chamar youths armed with 10810: 2845:, have argued that the living standards of many Dalits have improved since the economic system became more liberalised starting in 1991 and have supported their claims through large surveys. According to the 3313:

engineer called Vishal Damodar was initiated as a Jain monk by Acharya Navaratna Sagar Suriji at Samet Shikhar. Acharya Nanesh, the eighth Achayra of Sadhumargi Jain Shravak Sangha, had preached among the

8547:, Quote: "Here there is not only a criticism of religion (most of all, Hinduism, but also prior traditions of Buddhism), but also of secularism, and that criticism is articulated moreover as a religion." 4883: 9185:

Louis, Prakash (2007). Caste-based discrimination and atrocities on Dalit Christians and the need for reservations (Report). Working Paper Series. Vol. II. New Delhi, IN: Indian Institute of Dalit

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false. The study also discovered that police often seek bribes, threaten witnesses, and conceal evidence. Victims of rape have also been killed. There have been reports of Dalits being forced to eat

4232:. Additionally, Dalit literature encompasses various forms such as poetry, autobiographies, and oral history narratives, with notable works including "Karukku" by Bama and "The Weave of My Life" by 3804:

to protect British citizens against caste discrimination. In 2018 the UK government decided not to include caste as a "protected characteristic" within the terms of the Act, and to rely instead on

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varna. It was this disagreement that led to the Poona Pact. Gandhi began the Harijan Yatra to help the Dalits, but ran into some opposition from Dalits that wanted a complete break from Hinduism.

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In India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh, Dalits have had a major political impact. The Dalit-led Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) had previously run the government and that party's leader,

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Other Hindu groups attempted to reconcile with the Dalit community. Hindu temples are increasingly receptive to Dalit priests, a function formerly reserved for Brahmins. Brahmins such as

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by Dalits, not much change in 40 years. In the 21st century, Dalits have been elected to India's highest judicial and political offices. In 1997, India elected its first Dalit President,

178: 3262:, rocks, bricks, soda bottles and anything they could find fought Jat Sikh landlords, youths and the Punjab police. Dalit youngsters painted their homes and motorcycles with the slogan, 363:. It is also sometimes used to refer to the entirety of India's oppressed peoples, which is the context that applies to its use in Nepalese society. An example of the limitations of the 4290:(2007). The continued use of caste based references to Dalit sub-castes in South Indian films (typecast and pigeonholed in their main socio-economic sub-group) angers many Dalit fans. 2958:

by upper caste people. In August 2015, upper caste people burned houses and vehicles belonging to Dalit families and slaughtered their livestock in reaction to Dalits daring to hold a

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More recent studies in Britain were inconclusive and found that discrimination was "not religion specific and is subscribed to by members of any or no religion". Equalities Minister

11371: 7566: 7079: 10288: 10962: 10266: 9557: 244:). In Classical Sanskrit, this means "divided, split, broken, scattered". This word was repurposed in 19th-century Sanskrit to mean "(a person) not belonging to one of the four 4741: 4697: 7402: 6090: 5250: 4112:

poetry" and Dohara Kakkaiah, a Dalit by birth, six of whose confessional poems survive. The origins of modern Dalit writing can be traced back to the works of Marathi Dalit

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far from being discriminatory, their rejection when applying for jobs in education has been because there are no suitably qualified candidates from those classifications.

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caste, also denounced the hierarchy of the caste system. Despite this, social stratification exists in the Sikh community. The bulk of the Sikhs of Punjab belong to the

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actively participated in the rights of Dalits. While Dalits had places to worship, the first upper-caste temple to openly welcome Dalits was the Laxminarayan Temple in

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Dalit literature in India has flourished in various regional languages, reflecting the diverse experiences and struggles of Dalit communities across the country. In

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Most Dalits in India are Hindu. There have been incidents which showed that Dalits were restricted from entering temples by high-caste Hindus, and participation in

515:(c. 1840–1900) is generally considered to be the pioneer of the Dalit movement, seeking a society in which they were not discriminated against. Another pioneer was 15048: 9454: 6496: 5364: 4317:

A DLM (Dalit Liberation Movement) party leader said in the early 2000s that it is easier to organise Dalits on a caste basis than to fight caste prejudice itself.

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Dalit literature encompasses writings by Dalits about their lived experiences, and it has emerged as a significant literary movement and forms a distinct part of

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keep out the Dalits by razing the shrine overnight and constructing a gurdwara on it, but the Dalit quest for a say in the governing committee did not end.

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is a self-applied concept for those called the "untouchables" and others that were outside of the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. Economist and reformer

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A 2009 report alleged that caste discrimination is "rife" in the United Kingdom. The report alleged that casteism persists in the workplace and within the

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Katuwal, Shyam Bahadur (2009). "The Issues and Concerns of Dalit Labourers in Nepal". In Mohanty, Panchanan; Malik, Ramesh C.; Kasi, Eswarappa (eds.).

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are denied entry to Hindu temples. In at least one case, Dalits were reportedly beaten by upper-caste people while attempting to enter a local temple.

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do not allow Dalit villagers to use the public borewell for fetching water and thus they are forced to drink dirty water. In metropolitan areas around

11221: 10518: 7462: 7344: 5771: 15443: 14826: 12896: 10289:"Why They Remain on the Margins. Adivasis and Dalits have been deprived of a staggering Rs 5 lakh crore over three decades by successive governments" 9532: 8311: 7665: 6844: 2529: 1890: 626:

had the highest proportion of its population as SC (around 32%), while India's island territories and two northeastern states had approximately zero.

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addition, many Dalits found, and still find, the term patronizing and derogatory, with some even claiming that the term really refers to children of

11722: 8339: 7541: 7499: 15605: 14263: 12952: 10936: 9697: 9409: 9389: 7315: 2661: 1319: 11046: 8043: 3957:, originating in northern India, are said to be of Dalit ancestry. Between 1001 and 1026, the Romani fought under their Hindu rulers to fight the 3216:

succeeded in winning the demands from the government to include Sikh castes of the converted untouchables in the list of scheduled castes. In the

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category is that, under Indian law, such people can only be followers of Buddhism, Hinduism or Sikhism, yet there are communities who claim to be

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They are also found as part of the Indian diaspora in many countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Singapore, and the Caribbean.

8576: 8367: 7176: 14184: 13373: 10132: 9227: 9094: 5726: 1232: 12197: 6805: 2810:. They are required to sit separately at lunch in 35 per cent of schools and are required to eat with specially marked plates in 28 per cent. 10753: 9505: 8921: 7231: 4167:, leading to the formation of the Bangla Dalit Sahitya Sanstha and the launch of the magazine "Chaturtha Duniya". Prominent Dalit authors in 2925: 11099: 11065: 8968: 7153: 14831: 6890: 6748: 3282:

Historically Jainism was practised by many communities across India. They are often conservative and are generally considered upper-caste.

1895: 9935: 5258:, Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Government of India (28 October 2013). 535:. Ambedkar himself believed Walangkar to be the progenitor. Another early social reformer who worked to improve conditions for Dalits was 14801: 14405: 13947: 13539: 12603: 10069: 1865: 1461: 987: 10398: 4220:

Dalit literature has a rich history dating back to the fifteenth century, with significant contributions from Sudramuni Sarala Dasa and

618: 14094: 10292: 7897: 6554: 2744: 1142: 630:

Scheduled Caste communities exist across India and comprised 16.6% of the country's population, according to the 2011 Census of India.

9878: 9565: 9435: 6723: 5744: 3843: 3144:, leading several mass conversions of Dalits from Hinduism to Buddhism. Ambedkar's Buddhism is a new kind of Buddhism that focuses on 12002: 11314: 7372: 4749: 4392: 4354:

were constantly in conflict with each other but as of 2015 Mala and Madiga students work for common dalit cause at university level.

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discrimination for Dalit Christians goes so far as to restrict not only employment but in some cases for clean sanitation and water.

2806:, 88 per cent discriminated against Dalit children. In 79 per cent of the schools studied Dalit children are forbidden from touching 10230: 9815: 9335: 8397: 7412: 3223:

Sikh women are required to have the surname "Kaur", and men, the surname "Singh", to eradicate caste identities and discrimination.

16600: 14029: 13917: 13660: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12540: 11263: 6865: 4613: 4447: 1069: 957: 308: 8219: 6365: 5041:"Independent labour party: 19th July (1937) in Dalit History – Dr. Ambedkar took oath as the member of Bombay Legislative Council" 3148:. About half a million Dalits joined Ambedkar in rejecting Hinduism and challenging its caste system. The movement is centered in 11244: 10642: 10337: 10202: 9479: 8106:"Resisting ritual repression and reclaiming social positions by Dalits in Tamilnadu: a critical discourse analysis of media text" 5182: 4651: 3974: 3217: 658: 595:, such practices are still widespread. To prevent harassment, assault, discrimination and similar acts against these groups, the 11158: 6634: 6611: 15544: 14268: 14039: 13867: 13852: 13847: 13693: 7080:

Lived Realities of Women Sanitation Workers in India: Insights from a Participatory Research Conducted in Three Cities of India

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politics are common in India, usually based on religion or caste. Indeed, the term itself was coined by the Indian sociologist

2630: 1324: 1079: 907: 892: 887: 717: 10885: 16610: 15572: 14099: 13832: 12735: 12669: 12469: 12450: 12393: 12341: 12297: 12236: 12186: 12159: 12134: 12113: 12092: 12071: 12040: 11985: 11451: 11348: 10691: 10111: 8887: 8735: 8609: 8499: 8464: 7058: 6909: 6211: 6049: 5902: 5874: 5844: 5652: 5619: 5584: 5548: 5479: 5433: 5213: 5152: 5117: 5079: 5020: 4990: 4860: 4824: 1147: 872: 317: 31: 10990: 10546: 329:

and is sometimes used to refer to all of India's oppressed peoples. A similar all-encompassing situation prevails in Nepal.

16620: 15598: 14607: 13922: 13744: 13570: 13137: 12945: 12914: 8644: 5799: 3797: 3603:

that drafted India's constitution. Ram also served in the interim national government of 1946 He served in the cabinets of

3309:. A 22-year-old youth, Chandaram Meghwal, was initiated as a Jain monk in Ahore town in Jalore district in 2005. In 2010 a 2846: 2654: 1671: 962: 776: 17: 9910: 7292: 6475: 6231: 3936:

in the names of the bridegroom and bride, or deny them access to gurdwara-based religious services and community centres.

3167:. The Scheduled Castes Order (Amendment) Act, 1990 granted reservation to Dalit Buddhists and recognized their SC status. 15253: 14923: 14836: 14727: 14395: 14215: 13857: 13842: 3293:

community in the Udaipur region, who decided to adopt Jainism. Their centre, Ahimsa Nagar, located about four miles from

2331: 1987: 1900: 1791: 1451: 1269: 897: 882: 10577: 10184: 9778: 7253: 6984: 6421: 6284: 355:

definition. It can include nomadic tribes and another official classification that also originated with the British Raj

16630: 16101: 14821: 14295: 12709: 12704: 12679: 12659: 12431: 10683: 10157: 9726: 9712: 9611: 8679: 6392: 6203: 5406: 5348: 4788: 4397: 3816: 1885: 1351: 205:(1891–1956) said that untouchability came into Indian society around 400 CE, due to the struggle for supremacy between 9639: 4299:

was broadcast in 2009 where the main female character Maya, who is of upper class, falls in love with a Dalit person.

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discrimination by legislating expression and behaviour and that barriers should instead be removed through education.

14469: 14300: 13796: 13774: 12886: 12491: 12412: 12319: 12274: 12255: 11834: 11666: 11204: 11142: 9788: 9757: 9747: 9649: 8818: 4724: 4051: 3674: 3037: 1525: 1356: 828: 806: 11189: 9023: 5245: 4124:'s Gulamgiri in 1873 marked a seminal moment in Dalit literature, shedding light on the plight of the Untouchables. 3973:, the demand for labourers brought in many caste-diverse South Asian immigrants, many of whom were Dalit. After the 16615: 16605: 15206: 15043: 14943: 14400: 14290: 13142: 12613: 11131: 4260: 3711: 3072: 2284: 2113: 2007: 1456: 1346: 12513: 16625: 15591: 14796: 14307: 14069: 13872: 13345: 13061: 12938: 12578: 10369: 6082: 3812: 3781: 2985: 2647: 1860: 1363: 1117: 912: 9879:"17% of BSP votes came from Brahmins, according to a survey by the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies" 9597: 8702: 16595: 16590: 13932: 13549: 13544: 12891: 12684: 11514: 8152: 4943: 4633: 4033: 3928:

The few gurdwaras that accept inter-caste marriages do so reluctantly. Gurdwaras may insist on the presence of

3620: 3481: 3121:. In September 2015, four Dalit women were fined by the upper-caste Hindus for entering a temple in Karnataka. 972: 14074: 11689: 1122: 15475: 15191: 13912: 13393: 13109: 12987: 12919: 12689: 12588: 9677: 8850: 3970: 3892: 3600: 2936: 2911:

Caste-related violence between Dalit and non-Dalits stems from ongoing prejudice by upper caste members. The

2561: 2269: 952: 661:, "India has 600,000 villages and almost every village a small pocket on the outskirts is meant for Dalits." 11806: 9053:

Shyamlal (1992). "Jain Movement and Socio-Religious Transformation of the 'Bhangis' of Jodhpur, Rajasthan".

5499:

Paik, Shailaja (September 2011). "Mahar–Dalit–Buddhist: The history and politics of naming in Maharashtra".

4183:

in the late 19th century. The Tamil Dalit literary movement gained momentum in the 1990s, influenced by the

14754: 14702: 13683: 13653: 13612: 13532: 13431: 13122: 12533: 11891:"Road to India—A Brazilian Love Story: BRICS, Migration, and Cultural Flows in Brazil's Caminho das Indias" 11540: 11231: 7725: 4546:, an ethnic group in the Spanish Basque country and the French Basque coast sometimes linked to the Cagots. 3853: 3624: 3438: 2823: 2790:

According to an analysis by The IndiaGoverns Research Institute, Dalits constituted nearly half of primary

1818: 1766: 707: 622:

Scheduled Castes distribution in India by state and union territory according to the 2011 Census of India.

570: 555: 6050:"Under India's caste system, Dalits are considered untouchable. The coronavirus is intensifying that slur" 2924:

has been proposed as a remedy, but according to a 2014 survey of 42,000 households by the New Delhi-based

2830:

in 2011–12. In urban areas, 21.8 per cent of SC populations were below the poverty line. A 2012 survey by

15951: 15386: 15238: 14657: 14258: 14204: 13479: 13383: 13244: 13046: 12977: 12583: 11647:"Caste and the literary imagination in the context of Odia literature: a reading of Akhila Nayak's Bheda" 9309: 9168: 3503: 2472: 2316: 1721: 1314: 1252: 7754:"A Khap Panchayat in UP Wants Two Dalit Sisters Raped Because Their Brother Eloped with a Married Woman" 15495: 14280: 13967: 13698: 13421: 13322: 13292: 13234: 13163: 13132: 13076: 13024: 12674: 10041: 9718: 9603: 6322: 5611: 5471: 3911:

have united to establish their own temples throughout Britain. Some Valmiki temples keep a copy of the

2827: 2581: 1336: 1007: 722: 6957: 4179:, and Kalyani Charal. Tamil Nadu has a long history of Dalit literature, starting from the efforts of 15671: 14848: 14662: 14564: 14449: 14116: 14084: 13754: 13688: 13627: 13378: 13239: 12860: 12694: 10836: 9286: 8580: 8375: 4269:

or other film industries of India and the community were rarely depicted at the heart of storylines.

3475: 3469: 3460: 3406: 3068: 1912: 1726: 1620: 1505: 1164: 1132: 786: 712: 506: 372: 210: 11707: 9105: 8957:[Even the country was divided in the name of religion: Paharia] (in Hindi). 18 October 2013. 8242:"How history has systematically distorted the figure of Shivaji: Excerpt from Govind Pansare's book" 3969:

Many Dalits first came to the United States to flee caste-based oppression in South Asia. After the

16188: 15108: 14996: 14843: 14612: 14549: 14377: 14332: 14194: 14079: 14061: 13997: 13927: 13811: 13441: 13426: 13365: 13302: 13249: 13173: 12881: 12212: 10850:

Lerche, Jens (2008). "Transnational Advocacy Networks and Affirmative Action for Dalits in India".

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The fight for temple entry rights for Dalits continues to cause controversy. In a 2015 incident in

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From Higher Caste to Lower Caste: The Processes of Asprashyeekaran and the Myth of Sanskritization

8929: 8922:"Latest Udaipur News 31/12/2013: वीरवाल जैन समाज के गुरु की पुण्यतिथि मार्च में – www.bhaskar.com" 6065:"What is the progress in elementary education participation in India during the last two decades?" 5866:

DFID's programme in Bangladesh: third report of session 2009–10, Vol. 2: Oral and written evidence

3925:

in 1999, Jat Sikhs refused to eat food that had been cooked and prepared by the Chamar community.

2841:

Some Dalits have achieved affluence, although most remain poor. Some Dalit intellectuals, such as

15562: 15391: 15371: 15233: 15223: 15181: 14811: 14652: 14514: 14484: 14479: 14422: 14357: 14342: 14275: 14248: 14233: 13646: 13224: 13039: 13007: 12623: 12573: 12526: 12032:

The Bhangi: A Sweeper Caste, Its Socio-economic Portraits: with Special Reference to Jodhpur City

10046: 9835:

Pai, Sudha (1994). "Caste and Communal Mobilisation in the Electoral Politics of Uttar Pradesh".

9281: 8972: 8671: 8636: 8456: 5365:"Stop calling Dalits 'Harijan': SC calls the term abusive, as we remain ignorant and insensitive" 5268: 4427: 4022: 3751: 3655: 3465: 3141: 2759:, Dalits and Muslims face discrimination from upper caste landlords when seeking places to rent. 2691: 2477: 2457: 2311: 2301: 2259: 1875: 1716: 1570: 1540: 1535: 1478: 1413: 1398: 1331: 1304: 1289: 673: 579: 415:

to describe ex-untouchables became more common among other castes than within Dalits themselves.

356: 182: 14459: 11343:, Mondes Indiens/South Asia, Pondichéry: Institut Français de Pondichéry, pp. vii–xxxviii, 10742:

Human rights watch (2001) Caste discrimination: A global concern. Human Rights Commission. p. 22

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The construction of religious boundaries: culture, identity, and diversity in the Sikh tradition

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found that 93 per cent of Dalit families in the state of Karnataka live below the poverty line.

1515: 470:

caste, into which Ambedkar was born. Most other communities prefer to use their own caste name.

15626: 15614: 15490: 15463: 15453: 14933: 14913: 14776: 14647: 14544: 14494: 14464: 14444: 14372: 14352: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14228: 14199: 14172: 14148: 14143: 13739: 13729: 13595: 13034: 12961: 9945: 7046: 5573:

Religion, Human Rights and International Law: A Critical Examination of Islamic State Practices

5144: 4029: 2929: 2576: 2549: 2539: 1997: 1977: 1840: 1711: 1600: 1550: 1520: 1500: 1428: 1408: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1284: 1247: 1220: 1196: 1191: 771: 761: 12061: 10677: 10095: 9037: 7981: 5888: 5830: 5640: 5605: 5568: 5138: 4933: 4850: 4810: 16460: 16368: 15930: 15458: 15418: 15351: 15248: 15196: 15123: 14878: 14642: 14554: 14529: 14524: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14439: 14387: 14347: 14253: 14223: 14126: 13749: 13617: 13607: 13509: 13494: 13436: 13332: 13307: 13219: 13168: 13158: 13117: 13071: 13066: 13002: 12850: 12699: 12618: 12568: 12549: 12030: 11289:"Meet Chuni Kotal, the Dalit Advasi woman from Bengal who battled stigma in Indian education" 9968: 9455:"Nepal Dalit leader says Modi's stress on consensus has meant dilution in draft constitution" 8877: 8808: 8721: 8665: 5865: 5538: 5423: 5103: 5070:. In Chaudhary, Nandita; Hviid, Pernille; Marsico, Giuseppina; Villadsen, Jakob Waag (eds.). 5067: 3786: 3255: 3213: 3045: 3016: 2941: 2887:

allowed entry into ration shops, and 64 per cent were given fewer grains than non-Dalits. In

2674: 2544: 2504: 2437: 2326: 2274: 2193: 1942: 1706: 1610: 1585: 1580: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1495: 1443: 1403: 1309: 1279: 1174: 781: 592: 170: 107: 15583: 12312:

Dalits and the Democratic Revolution – Dr. Ambedkar and the Dalit Movement in Colonial India

8994: 8261:"Why lakhs of Indians celebrate the British victory over the Maratha Peshwas every New Year" 7434: 6259:"India a dangerous, violent place for Muslims under Modi government, says minorities report" 5465: 5040: 4980: 4295: 3921:

Caste-based discrimination has occurred amongst Sikhs in the UK. At a sports competition in

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said that the impact is on a relatively small number of people. Religious studies professor

16523: 15921: 15329: 14863: 14737: 14454: 14412: 14362: 14337: 14158: 14121: 13862: 13724: 13590: 13355: 13029: 12997: 12741: 12598: 11862: 11599: 8491: 6642: 6122: 5398: 5254: 5249: 4780: 4664: 4462: 3681:

was elected as the President of India, becoming the second dalit president of the country.

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Chamars fought a four-year court battle with the landlords and their allies, including the

2921: 2831: 2791: 2415: 1927: 1801: 1510: 1468: 1418: 1393: 1206: 1169: 902: 756: 574: 512: 186: 11600:"Genesis, Historicity and Persistence of Dalit Protest Literature and Movements in Odisha" 11020: 4163:

became popular. In Bengal, the Dalit literary movement began in 1992 after the suicide of

256:, in the context of the oppression faced by the erstwhile "untouchable" castes from other 8: 16267: 16212: 16207: 16202: 15645: 15505: 15366: 15001: 14903: 14883: 14672: 14580: 14539: 14519: 14489: 14382: 14177: 13992: 13622: 13527: 13466: 13411: 13388: 12840: 12788: 10805: 10433: 9884: 9586:

Verma, R.K., 1991. Caste and Bihar Politics. Economic and Political Weekly, pp.1142–1144.

8601: 8532: 7407: 7258: 6337: 5981: 5836: 5317: 5312: 4673: 4622: 4591: 4533: 4417: 4279: 3849: 3744: 3635: 3612: 3524: 3487: 3434: 3410: 3060: 2999: 2842: 2591: 2452: 2071: 1967: 1947: 1736: 1644: 1595: 1575: 1545: 1438: 1225: 1032: 596: 11270: 11137:, Editors: Nalini Natarajan, Emmanuel Sampath Nelson. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. 6167: 16348: 16325: 15802: 15762: 15618: 15278: 15273: 15263: 15211: 15201: 15176: 15118: 15076: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14888: 14189: 13600: 13585: 13554: 13456: 13446: 13229: 13193: 13086: 13056: 13017: 12752: 12372: 12151: 11727: 11627: 11496: 11422: 11315:"A Brief Introductory Overview of Bengali Dalit Literature – Y – The ILF Samanvay Blog" 11165: 10912:"Case to Watch: Cisco lawsuit tests anti-bias laws' application to Indian caste system" 9973: 9820: 9691: 9370: 9221: 8771: 8283: 8200: 8133: 8024: 7958: 7811: 7807:"'Anti-Brahmin' posts on social media: 5 more held for murder of Dalit lawyer in Kutch" 7641: 7039: 7014: 6647: 6397: 6369: 6193: 6171: 6144: 6117: 6006: 5516: 5288: 4549: 4172: 4156: 4140: 3095: 2807: 2704: 2683: 2356: 2351: 2341: 2289: 2279: 2254: 2188: 2146: 2056: 2051: 2046: 1952: 1237: 384: 10835:

Zwick-Maitreyi, M.; Soundararajan, T.; Dar, N.; Bheel, R.F.; Balakrishnan, P. (2018).

5675: 4505: 3595:(1908–1986) was the first scheduled caste leader to emerge at the national level from 2720:

inflating the figure. Across India, Untouchability was practised among 52 per cent of

232:

for the outcasts and untouchables who were oppressed and broken in the Hindu society.

217:, who was an excommunicated Brahmin, fought for the rights of untouchables during the 16330: 16256: 16174: 15691: 15637: 15537: 15448: 15376: 15361: 15160: 15103: 14908: 14816: 14707: 14627: 14474: 13779: 13580: 13484: 13474: 13297: 13214: 13198: 13127: 13094: 12793: 12487: 12465: 12446: 12427: 12408: 12389: 12376: 12337: 12315: 12293: 12270: 12251: 12232: 12182: 12155: 12130: 12109: 12088: 12067: 12036: 11981: 11902: 11662: 11631: 11619: 11573: 11488: 11457: 11447: 11426: 11414: 11344: 11200: 11138: 11114: 11080: 10867: 10863: 10780:

Language Conflict and Language Rights: Ethnolinguistic Perspectives on Human Conflict

10687: 10107: 10103: 9784: 9753: 9722: 9645: 9607: 9362: 9254: 8951: 8911:वीरवाल जैन समाज के गुरु की पुण्यतिथि मार्च में, Bhaskar News Network|31 December 2013 8883: 8814: 8731: 8675: 8640: 8605: 8495: 8460: 8192: 8137: 8125: 8053: 8028: 8016: 7997:"Dalits and Their Religious Identity in India: A Critical Look at Existing Practices" 7834: 7177:"Three-Quarters of Death Row Prisoners are from Lower Castes or Religious Minorities" 7054: 6207: 6149: 6031: 5898: 5870: 5840: 5648: 5615: 5580: 5544: 5520: 5475: 5429: 5402: 5344: 5148: 5113: 5075: 5016: 4986: 4939: 4856: 4820: 4784: 4773: 4720: 4437: 4422: 4212: 4184: 4105: 4065: 3913: 3801: 3567: 3298: 3153: 3125: 2867: 2863: 2623: 2534: 2462: 2447: 2230: 2173: 1972: 1880: 1771: 1691: 1530: 811: 607: 532: 83: 11890: 10963:""U.S. court penalises California State department in caste discrimination lawsuit"" 10018: 6651: 2932:, it was estimated that only 5 per cent of Indian marriages cross caste boundaries. 16320: 16260: 16228: 15500: 15485: 15413: 15334: 15304: 15135: 14971: 14677: 14243: 14238: 14089: 13987: 13575: 13504: 13499: 13489: 13416: 13012: 12969: 12664: 12364: 11749: 11654: 11611: 11406: 10998: 10859: 9996: 9436:"How the VCK Emerged as More Than 'Just a Dalit Party' in the Tamil Nadu Elections" 8536: 8181:"Gandhi's Harijan Padyatra in Orissa in 1934: Claims over a Contested Social Space" 8117: 8008: 6139: 6131: 5576: 5508: 5280: 4472: 4432: 4274: 4101: 4085: 4073: 4069: 4001: 3666: 3631: 3608: 3443: 3349: 3145: 2763: 2729: 2586: 2571: 2499: 2420: 2390: 2205: 2041: 1741: 1299: 1294: 1137: 1027: 520: 516: 245: 225: 174: 111: 56: 13099: 8789: 8541: 8520: 8423: 8121: 7779: 5949: 5923: 5863:

Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: International Development Committee.

5225: 4342:

and Ravidasis and sometimes refuse to intermarry with them. They are divided into

2870:, which in much of India means collection & disposal of faeces from latrines. 213:. Some Hindu priests befriended untouchables and were demoted to low-caste ranks. 16395: 16252: 16196: 16139: 16119: 15999: 15986: 15964: 15960: 15790: 15785: 15740: 15681: 15515: 15423: 15319: 15268: 15128: 15113: 15093: 15058: 14771: 14682: 14617: 14417: 14367: 14153: 14012: 13317: 12992: 12982: 12593: 12479: 12334:

Dalit Visions: The Anti-caste Movement and the Construction of an Indian Identity

12289: 12145: 12124: 12103: 12082: 11975: 11410: 11196: 11169: 9394: 8727: 8630: 8595: 8562: 8485: 8450: 7931: 7697: 7525: 7349: 6703: 6584: 6526: 6452: 6197: 6118:"Changing Educational Inequalities in India in the Context of Affirmative Action" 5832:

Political Governance and Minority Rights: The South and South-East Asian Scenario

5534: 5461: 5209: 5099: 5010: 4976: 4888: 4204: 4200: 4113: 4089: 3670: 3654:

in reaching across castes has led to speculation about her as a potential future

3559: 3339: 2699: 2601: 2509: 2405: 2346: 2198: 2183: 2163: 2128: 1835: 1746: 1681: 1473: 1423: 1201: 1052: 588: 368: 286: 281: 218: 102:

meaning "broken/scattered") is a term first coined by the Indian social reformer

8105: 7223: 5807: 4962:"Dalit, n." OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2016. Web. 23 August 2016. 4203:

literature, Dalit voices gained prominence through the activism of leaders like

4143:

further strengthened the Dalit movement in Maharashtra introducing the seminal "

3665:

was chief minister of Andhra Pradesh from 11 January 1960 to 12 March 1962, and

16585: 16286: 16276: 16237: 16021: 15972: 15955: 15946: 15942: 15894: 15871: 15847: 15814: 15809: 15707: 15510: 15468: 15438: 15428: 15346: 15339: 15324: 15314: 15150: 15086: 15028: 15023: 15008: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14667: 14602: 14131: 14104: 13957: 13669: 13519: 13451: 13403: 13340: 13259: 13188: 13051: 12762: 12649: 12628: 11394: 11248: 7572: 7505: 7321: 7200: 7099: 6933: 6782: 6671: 5777: 5512: 4698:"From Buddhist texts to East India Company to now, 'Dalit' has come a long way" 4511: 4494: 4467: 4452: 4412: 4407: 4370: 4308: 4225: 4208: 4144: 4121: 4097: 3877: 3740: 3699: 3690: 3678: 3650: 3582: 3401: 3330:

of Jodhpur came under the influence of Acharya Shri Tulsi and adopted Jainism.

3259: 3137: 3103: 3099: 2912: 2826:, 33.8 per cent of Scheduled Caste (SC) populations in rural India were living 2803: 2771: 2687: 2596: 2554: 2524: 2514: 2432: 2425: 2410: 2400: 2220: 2156: 2098: 2093: 2078: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1731: 1666: 1179: 1152: 997: 681: 551: 547: 536: 448: 408: 274: 253: 229: 202: 103: 9839:. LV, No3 (July September 1994). Indian Political Science Association: 307–20. 9714:

The Politics of India since Independence (The new Cambridge history of India.)

8762:

Jodhka, Surinder S (17 May 2002). "Caste and Untouchability in Rural Punjab".

6497:"Biggest caste survey: One in four Indians admit to practising untouchability" 4907: 3630:

In modern times several Bharatiya Janata Party leaders were Dalits, including

2794:

in Karnataka during the period 2012–14. A sample survey in 2014, conducted by

16579: 16408: 16381: 16297: 16292: 16223: 16134: 16031: 15906: 15901: 15797: 15780: 15775: 15745: 15723: 15660: 15655: 15522: 15145: 15081: 15066: 14928: 14893: 14873: 14744: 14687: 14622: 14034: 13937: 13312: 13272: 12845: 12747: 11906: 11623: 11615: 11577: 11492: 11461: 11418: 11118: 11084: 10871: 10673: 9366: 8196: 8129: 8080:"Not allowed to enter temple, dalit minister tells Himachal Pradesh assembly" 8057: 8020: 8012: 5890:

The Separatist Conflict in Sri Lanka: Terrorism, Ethnicity, Political Economy

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procession at a village in Tamil Nadu. In August 2015, it was claimed that a

2875: 2725: 2608: 2215: 2151: 2136: 1992: 1957: 1937: 1808: 1751: 1686: 1074: 977: 631: 623: 431: 398:, a Gujarati poet-saint of the Bhakti tradition, to refer to all devotees of 395: 10679:

The South Asian Religious Diaspora in Britain, Canada, and the United States

10460: 7542:"Dalit woman allegedly stripped in Madhya Pradesh, forced to consumed urine" 5977: 16566: 16508: 16483: 16302: 16281: 16233: 16217: 16164: 16069: 16046: 15889: 15833: 15752: 15356: 15243: 15071: 15038: 15018: 14948: 14938: 14918: 14898: 14534: 14432: 14427: 14163: 14138: 14002: 13942: 13907: 13877: 13178: 12757: 11811: 10754:"Multiculturalism: The Rise of Mixed-marriage Britain, Islam and Pluralism" 10403: 10374: 10117: 9801: 9763: 9732: 9683: 9662: 9624: 8824: 8748: 8650: 8615: 8505: 8470: 7996: 7567:"Families of 2 dalit grooms ostracized for riding horse as marriage ritual" 7439: 6217: 6153: 5908: 5850: 5658: 5625: 5590: 5485: 5446: 5158: 5123: 5085: 5026: 4949: 4866: 4830: 4587: 4579: 4382: 4347: 4324: 4233: 3793: 3736: 3592: 3563: 3555: 3448: 3386: 3052: 2946: 2892: 2891:

state, 49 per cent of Dalit children under five years were underweight and

2874:

sanitation work. The most common Dalit caste performing sanitation work is

2442: 2321: 2141: 2108: 2088: 2012: 2002: 1982: 1962: 1590: 1488: 1483: 1211: 1186: 1042: 982: 947: 917: 654: 162: 11658: 11441: 7195:"Withdraw false cases, release arrested Dalits: Congress on police action" 6099: 5425:

Kings and untouchables : a study of the caste system in western India

4742:"Castes in a Global Perspective - Is Caste Only a Hindu Problem? (Part 6)" 3562:

associated with Ranvir Sena in Bihar Dalit massacres while governments of

16498: 16065: 15937: 15884: 15730: 15258: 15218: 15186: 15053: 15013: 14853: 14766: 14717: 14692: 14592: 14285: 14024: 14007: 13962: 13882: 13287: 13282: 13267: 13183: 12930: 12855: 12329: 12307: 10837:

Caste in the United States. A Survey of Caste among South Asian Americans

10800:"European Roma descended from Indian 'untouchables', genetic study shows" 10573: 9242:

Scheduled Castes Converts and Social Disabilities: A survey of Tamil Nadu

9075:

Ethnographic Discourse of the Other: Conceptual and methodological issues

7286: 6232:"They're Hindu too but still feel at the bottom of India's social ladder" 5692: 5390: 5012:

Ethnographic Discourse of the Other: Conceptual and Methodological Issues

4659: 4560: 4256: 4164: 4128: 3777: 3547: 3294: 3286: 3149: 3004: 2767: 2737: 2336: 2296: 2264: 2123: 2083: 1917: 1830: 1781: 1756: 1656: 1341: 1064: 1047: 1002: 922: 635: 459: 425: 106:

for untouchables and outcasts, who represented the lowest stratum of the

11977:

Community and Worldview Among Paraiyars of South India: 'Lived' Religion

11776:"Dalits in Bollywood: A skewed equation nobody is willing to talk about" 11500: 11476: 11336: 9851: 9374: 8204: 8180: 5306: 2980:

Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989

16085: 15864: 15718: 15532: 15527: 15408: 15403: 15299: 15283: 15140: 15033: 14991: 14953: 14761: 14749: 14722: 14712: 14632: 14051: 14046: 14017: 13952: 13801: 12865: 12654: 12368: 12084:

Untouchable Citizens: Dalit Movements and Democratization in Tamil Nadu

10625:

UK: Government Decides Against Writing Caste into the Equality Act 2010

8775: 8340:"Dalits fume over fine on their women for entering temple in Karnataka" 7784: 6135: 5292: 4617: 4572: 4568: 4221: 4176: 4068:. It has formed an identity across various Indian languages, including 4036: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3958: 3922: 3773: 3639: 3585:, a Dalit politician, was a prominent member of the Hindutva movement. 3571: 3189: 3181: 3164: 3056: 3031: 2963: 2959: 2724:, 33 per cent of Other Backward Classes and 24 per cent of non-Brahmin 2678: 2618: 2613: 2494: 2489: 2385: 2361: 2210: 2103: 2061: 2017: 1825: 1813: 1786: 1776: 1696: 1091: 1086: 1057: 992: 833: 554:

made by the British Raj authorities, and the outcome of the Pact – the

543: 440: 315:

as a label to be "unconstitutional" because modern legislation prefers

15676: 10315: 10096:"Thinking about Democracy, Identity Politics and Development in India" 9558:"Nitish, Lalu and BJP in the dock again over Dalit massacres in Bihar" 8971:. Jaipur. Abha Sharma DH News Service. 1 February 2005. Archived from 7010:"Landlessness is higher among Dalits but more adivasis are 'deprived'" 5569:"Why the Hindu Caste System Presents a New Challenge for Human Rights" 5467:

The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India

4982:

The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India

3800:(EHRC), which focused on the proposed inclusion of a provision in the 3344:

Christian Dalits are found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal.

16544: 16518: 16488: 16242: 16169: 16081: 16073: 16057: 16036: 15977: 15770: 15433: 15381: 15098: 14697: 13827: 12228: 12007: 11839: 11226: 10967: 10785:

that time been associated with the Dalit caste, i.e. "untouchables").

10494: 10235: 10207: 9940: 8344: 8316: 8048: 7902: 7875: 7670: 7621: 7592: 7377: 6849: 6753: 6342: 5894: 5109: 4583: 4541: 4519: 4488: 4457: 4402: 4266: 4240: 3551: 3541: 3537: 3231: 3200:

caste; there are also two Dalit Sikh castes in the state, called the

3176: 2955: 2835: 2799: 2756: 2752: 2733: 2695: 2519: 2467: 2168: 1761: 867: 524: 462:, according to historian and women's studies academic Shailaja Paik, 452: 444: 143: 130: 124: 12352: 8153:"Denied in life, India's lower-caste Dalits fight for land in death" 7954:"Fighting caste discrimination is about changing attitude, than law" 7835:"The Indian Dalit man killed for eating in front of upper-caste men" 5284: 4011: 3546:

Anti-Dalit prejudices exist in groups such as the extremist militia

2743:

Examples of segregation have included the Madhya Pradesh village of

264:

was in use as a translation for the Indian census classification of

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Haqqi, Anwarul Haque, Indian Political Science Association (1986).

9259: 7839: 7730: 7637:"Temple procession row: TN police nab 75 for torching Dalit houses" 6480: 6236: 5954: 5697: 4816: 4596: 4555: 4180: 3885: 3805: 3769:

found insufficient evidence to justify specific legislation, while

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diaspora, Dalits immigrated and established their own communities.

3695: 3646: 3578: 3306: 3289:

Jain called Muni Sameer Muni came into contact with members of the

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A Dalit was killed in 2019 for eating in front of upper-caste men.

2484: 2306: 2225: 1870: 1796: 1701: 1661: 1022: 1017: 1012: 937: 932: 877: 528: 404: 237: 206: 154: 150: 12267:

Debrahmanising History: Dominance and Resistance in Indian Society

10643:"Campaigners urge government to tackle caste discrimination in UK" 9011: 4334:

Many converted Dalit Sikhs claim a superior status over the Hindu

4211:, addressing issues of caste discrimination and social injustice. 4199:

have made significant contributions to Tamil Dalit literature. In

273:. In the 1970s its use was invigorated when it was adopted by the 16478: 16468: 16446: 16425: 16385: 16361: 16124: 16114: 16109: 16026: 15650: 13902: 13806: 13786: 13759: 13734: 13638: 12725: 12633: 12518: 11922:

Dalits and Human Rights: Dalits: security and rights implications

11867: 9152:. South Indian Missionary Congress. Madras, Tamil Nadu, IN. 1908. 8157: 4655: 4647: 4609: 4358: 4117: 4109: 4081: 3904: 3880:

are caste-based and one can indirectly inquire about a person's

3705: 3201: 2888: 2859: 2779: 2748: 2721: 942: 838: 818: 791: 766: 689: 643: 455:, respectively, as a generic term for anyone from a Dalit caste. 399: 158: 139: 12767: 12424:

Writing Caste Writing Gender:Narrating Dalit Women's Testimonios

10676:; Hinnells, John R.; Williams, Raymond Brady (1 February 2012). 9410:"Madras HC orders ECI to consider VCK's request for star symbol" 7726:"9 Things You Need To Know About The Khap 'Rape Order' in India" 3420: 3022:

based on a "composite culture" made all people equal citizens.

383:"Harijan" redirects here. For the weekly founded by Gandhi, see 39: 16503: 16372: 16014: 15911: 15876: 15859: 15854: 15817: 15702: 14858: 13887: 13791: 13769: 13764: 13714: 12105:

Decentralisation and Local Governance: Essays for George Mathew

8452:

Religious Conversion in India: Modes, Motivations, and Meanings

8220:"In Kerala, Dalit students facing difficulties to get educated" 7693:"Jat leaders in UP village deny ordering rape of Dalit sisters" 6928:"93% dalit families still live below poverty line, says survey" 6806:"dalit-headmistress-accuses-upper-caste-teachers-of-harassment" 4351: 4343: 4339: 4328: 4320: 4229: 4168: 3908: 3327: 3319: 3290: 3239: 3227: 3193: 3110: 3084: 3076: 3064: 2896: 2775: 1922: 927: 823: 801: 796: 746: 214: 122:. Several scholars have drawn parallels between Dalits and the 115: 12177:

Franco, Fernando; Macwan, Jyotsna; Ramanathan, Suguna (2004).

11335:

Buck, David C.; M, Kannan (9 October 2020), Kannan, M. (ed.),

10668: 10666: 10664: 10316:"The 'Dalit Muslims' and the All-India Backward Muslim Morcha" 9073:

Mohanty, Panchanan; Malik, Ramesh C.; Kasi, Eswarappa (2009).

7927:"States lag in setting up courts to address SC, ST grievances" 5072:

Resistance in Everyday Life: Constructing Cultural Experiences

3220:(SGPC), 20 of the 140 seats are reserved for low-caste Sikhs. 280:

Socio-legal scholar Oliver Mendelsohn and political economist

16513: 16493: 16473: 16402: 16391: 16144: 16077: 16061: 16004: 15841: 15665: 15613: 14868: 13719: 12563: 11807:"How Bollywood is starting to deal with India's caste system" 10937:"California sues Cisco for bias based on Indian caste system" 10490:"Caste discrimination – U.K. Dalits win the argument, nearly" 10259:"Central legislation of SC/ST sub-plan may be a reality soon" 9533:"Cobrapost film on Bihar Dalit massacres 'exposes' BJP links" 9088: 9086: 9084: 7995:

Kesalu, Satri Veera; Srinivasulu, Vukkala (1 November 2019).

7482:"Upper caste youths force Dalit to eat excreta in Tamil Nadu" 6910:"Who among India's young are likely to become modern slaves?" 6007:"Retention and Transculturation of Hinduism in the Caribbean" 4527: 4497: 4335: 4077: 3903:

A Valmiki Temple in the UK. Caste segregation has meant that

3881: 3743:

was largely driven by labour shortages. Like the rest of the

3596: 3512: 3491: 3425: 3315: 3310: 3243: 3118: 3117:

was denied entry to a Hindu temple; he went on to convert to

2950: 2895:

while 80 per cent of those in the 6–59 months age group were

1932: 751: 639: 467: 351:

encompasses a broader range of communities than the official

257: 166: 135: 10736: 10516: 10070:"KR Narayanan to RN Kovind — A tale of two Dalit Presidents" 6985:"In an Indian Village, Signs of the Loosening Grip of Caste" 6891:"Dalits in India are poorer than Muslims: Government report" 6168:"India: "Hidden Apartheid" of Discrimination Against Dalits" 3669:

was chief minister of Bihar for just under a year. In 1997,

3369:

in Andhra Pradesh, by members of all religious backgrounds.

2762:

In 1855, Mutka Salve, a 14-year-old student of Dalit leader

411:

was outlawed after Indian independence, the use of the word

27:

Marginalized castes in India and other South Asian countries

16149: 15480: 15309: 12484:

From Untouchable to Dalit – Essays on the Ambedkar Movement

10661: 9877:

Stancati, Margherita; Agarwal, Vibhuti (16 February 2012).

9197:"Indian Dalits find no refuge from caste in Christianity". 8857: 6845:"Dalit professor alleges harassment by colleague, students" 6635:"Compliance or Defiance? The Case of Dalits and Mahadalits" 5645:

Social Exclusion: Essays in Honour of Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak

4346:

that regulate their marriage alliances. In Andhra Pradesh,

4100:, and others. The earliest identifiably Dalit writers were 3876:

A Sikh gurdwara in Smethwick. The majority of gurdwaras in

3454: 3188:

calls for everyone to treat each other equally. Subsequent

3152:, and according to the 2011 census, there were 6.5 million 2966: 2566: 2395: 325:

has encompassed more communities than the official term of

249: 11933: 11931: 11515:"Dalit Theatre in Gujarati: Trends, Patterns, Differences" 10712: 10428:"India clashes with Britain over Equality Bill racism law" 10098:. In Brar, Bhupinder; Kumar, Ashutosh; Ram, Ronki (eds.). 9682:. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 122 – via 9081: 8902:

Nathuram Chandalia, Mewad men Veerwal Pravriti, pp. 220–21

7985:. MJP Publisher; 11 June 2019. GGKEY:SW8XELLJGLC. p. 104–. 7588:"Dalit groom beaten up in M.P. village for riding a horse" 6580:"In 5 star Bengaluru hotel, Dalits show they have arrived" 5950:"Outlaw caste discrimination in UK, peers tell government" 5713:"Meira Kumar, a Dalit leader is the new Lok Sabha Speaker" 4908:"Eknath | Marathi Poet, Bhakti Movement & Maharashtra" 4717:

Working Skin: Making Leather, Making a Multicultural Japan

4104:, an 11th-century cobbler-saint who lived in the reign of 3899: 3518: 2736:

and Bihar (47 per cent), Uttar Pradesh (43 per cent), and

664: 10991:"Meena Kandasamy: Brief Introduction to Dalit Literature" 7521:"Dalit youth assaulted, forced to eat human faeces in UP" 6555:"Study shows NCR homeowners turn away Dalits and Muslims" 6522:"Dalits in MP village not allowed to use public borewell" 6338:"Untouchability still prevalent in rural Gujarat: survey" 6317: 5727:"Stop using the term Dalit: I&B Ministry tells media" 4187:

report and Ambedkar centenary celebrations. Writers like

3792:

From September 2013 to February 2014, Indian philosopher

3673:, who was a Dalit, was elected as President of India. In 3348:

of Kerala. The first people converted to Christianity by

3197: 71: 65: 12198:"Positive Discrimination in India: A Political Analysis" 9472: 9165:

Homo Hierarchicus: The caste system and its implications

6724:"Dalit professor 'harassed' for SC quota reforms thesis" 6699:"Children bear the brunt of caste abuses in rural areas" 5745:"SCs, STs form 25% of population, says Census 2011 data" 5271:(March 1976). "Kerala Christians and the Caste System". 3896:

system and caste identity is entrenched and reinforced.

566:, and also reserved seats for them in the legislatures. 11928: 10778:

Davies, William D.; Dubinsky, Stanley (9 August 2018).

10700: 9911:"UP's Dalits Remind Mayawati: Democracy is a Beautiful" 4277:) launched his career in Bollywood with his debut film 4108:

and who is regarded by some scholars as the "father of

653:

India is home to over 200 million Dalits. According to

371:

and Muslims, and the tribal communities often practise

12353:"The rise of new Dalit women in Indian historiography" 12176: 11100:"Dalit Literature and Culture in Marginalized Society" 10773: 10771: 10724: 10672: 10519:"Caste Discrimination and Harassment in Great Britain" 9870: 9506:"Ranvir Sena banned and declared as a Terrorist Group" 8703:"Akali Dal demands inclusion of Jat Sikhs in OBC list" 7403:"India's "Untouchables" Face Violence, Discrimination" 7094:"49% of Haryana's dalit kids are malnourished: Report" 6749:"VHP, Bajrang Dal activists beat up a Dalit professor" 6448:"Casteism exists in India, let's not remain in denial" 6422:"Between the bathroom and the kitchen, there is caste" 6368:. Indianchristians.in. 15 October 2006. Archived from 5641:"Positive Discrimination in the Constitution of India" 5068:"Dalit Women in India: Crafting Narratives of Success" 3159:

Another Dalit Buddhist leader and reformer was Pandit

97: 12225:

Untouchable!: Voices of the Dalit Liberation Movement

8569: 6692: 6690: 6083:"Development of Scheduled Castes in India – A Review" 4970: 4968: 4884:"Top RSS leader misquotes Ambedkar on untouchability" 11955: 11943: 11708:"Lesson – 4 : P10144 – The Novels of K. Daniel" 11132:

Issues of Language and Representation:Babu Rao Bagul

10370:"Asian caste discrimination rife in UK, says report" 9969:"Brahmin Vote Helps Party of Low Caste Win in India" 9936:"Mayawati bets on Brahmin-Dalit card for U.P. polls" 8484:

Christopher Queen (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel (ed.).

5772:"Half of India's dalit population lives in 4 states" 4812:

India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic

3986:

California Department of Fair Employment and Housing

3098:

passed Brahminhood onto a Dalit, while in Shivaji's

74: 68: 62: 12147:

Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs

11723:"Dalits strive to make it in Hindi, Bhojpuri films" 10768: 10100:

Globalization and the Politics of Identity in India

8879:

Jainism and Ecology: Nonviolence in the Web of Life

8559:

Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste

7617:"Dalit wedding fetes face feudal rage in Rajasthan" 6358: 6032:"India top court recalls controversial caste order" 2782:are considered the lowest within the Dalit groups. 59: 12508: 11135:Handbook of twentieth-century literatures of India 10798: 10510: 10426: 9255:"Why are many Indian Muslims seen as untouchable?" 9211: 9132:The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 7082:. Participatory Research in Asia, New Delhi, India 7038: 6687: 5792: 5459: 4974: 4965: 4772: 4552:, ethnic discrimination in the Spanish Old Regime. 4327:in the 1990s boycotted the BSP, claiming it was a 4265:Until the 1980s, Dalits had little involvement in 3808:to identify tests for caste-based discrimination. 114:of the caste hierarchy and were seen as forming a 15444:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 12063:Desh Pardesh: The South Asian Presence in Britain 11889:Rai, Swapnil; Straubhaar, Joseph (28 June 2016). 10886:"The US isn't safe from the trauma of caste bias" 10830: 10828: 10363: 10361: 9816:"Niece vs aunt in battle for Jagjivan Ram legacy" 8952:"dharm ke naam par desh tak bant gae: pahaadiya" 8587: 8483: 8442: 7994: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7858: 4938:. New Delhi: Sage Publications. pp. 193–96. 4479: 3725: 2530:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 423:In Southern India, Dalits are sometimes known as 16577: 11863:"India is cool in Brazil thanks to hot 'novela'" 10745: 10540: 10538: 10536: 10517:Government Equalities Office (1 December 2010). 10418: 9749:Indian prime ministership: a comprehensive study 9641:Indian prime ministership: a comprehensive study 9072: 8561:(3rd ed.). London/New Delhi/Thousand Oaks: 7666:"70 held for burning Dalit houses in Villupuram" 7373:"5% of Indian marriages are inter-caste: survey" 7282:"A Portrait of the Indian as a Young Dalit Girl" 5647:. Vol. 1. Concept Publishing. p. 181. 5338: 5214:"India's Dalits: Racism and Contemporary Change" 4503: 3429:Dalit leaders at Bahujan Samaj Party head office 290:they perceive to be the demeaning Dalit masses. 15104:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 11393:Geetha, Krishnamurthy Alamelu (1 August 2011). 11341:Tamil dalit literature : My own experience 11264:"A Critical study of Dalit Literature in India" 10595:"Dr Meena Dhanda – University of Wolverhampton" 10461:"Does the caste system still linger in the UK?" 9876: 9852:"Can Maya recreate another 'rainbow' in Delhi?" 8836: 8834: 8312:"Denied temple access, Dalit converts to Islam" 7245: 6366:"Hindus Support Dalit Candidates in Tamil Nadu" 4719:. University of California Press. p. 113. 3917:and Mazhabi Sikhs and Valmikis prayer together. 3796:led a project on 'Caste in Britain' for the UK 2973: 2174:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 603:, also called the SC/ST Act, on 31 March 1995. 542:The present system has its origins in the 1932 189:in India), and official development resources. 14586:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 11768: 11566:"Tale of Dalit Sahitya in Gujarati literature" 11044: 10825: 10777: 10399:"The secret scandal of Britain's caste system" 10390: 10358: 9446: 9402: 8449:Gary Tartakov (2003). Robinson, Rowena (ed.). 7855: 7771: 7745: 6666:"Half of school dropouts in K'taka are dalits" 5015:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 114. 4517: 4228:have furthered the Dalit literary movement in 3706:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Sub-Plan 1650:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 248:". It was perhaps first used in this sense by 15599: 13654: 12946: 12534: 12441:Samaddara, Ranabira; Shah, Ghanshyam (2001). 12440: 12022: 11888: 11245:Dalit literature is not down and out any more 10533: 10307: 10042:"Mayawati Plans to Seek India's Premier Post" 9252: 9214:Rural Christian Community in North West India 9180: 9178: 9162: 9092: 9029: 8448: 8424:"Nepal: Dalits beaten up for entering temple" 7973: 7898:"Centre notifies rules for amended SC/ST Act" 7463:"Dalit tortured, forced to eat human excreta" 7345:"They were rivals, but with the same mission" 7232:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 7041:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z 6958:"Crusader Sees Wealth as Cure for Caste Bias" 6827:"Headmaster booked for abusing dalit teacher" 6393:"Crusader Sees Wealth as Cute for Caste Bias" 6115: 5921: 5857: 5339:Ramabadran, Sudharshan; Paswan, Guru (2021). 5246:Census of India 2011, Primary Census Abstract 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5140:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M 5065: 4671: 3846:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies 3811:Supporters of anti-caste legislation include 3421:National Dalit-led political parties in India 2926:National Council of Applied Economic Research 2655: 12383: 12003:"The rising rage against in-campus policing" 9904: 9902: 9696:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9524: 9156: 9129: 9024:'दाता' के दातार बन गए तारणहार, नवभारत टाइम्स 8954:धर्म के नाम पर देश तक बंट गए : पहाड़िया 8869: 8831: 7924: 7144:Arunachalam, Pon Vasanth (3 November 2014). 7121:Arunachalam, Pon Vasanth (3 November 2014). 6285:"South Asia State of Minorities Report 2019" 6192: 6116:Desai, Sonalde; Kulkarni, Veena (May 2008). 5165: 4808: 4539: 4486: 14802:List of people killed for being transgender 11994: 11913: 11835:"Caste references polarise Tamil film fans" 11474: 10790: 10782:. Cambridge University Press. p. 257. 10634: 9776: 7780:"Backward Muslims protest denial of burial" 7500:"Man tortured, made to drink urine by cops" 7143: 7120: 6949: 5922:Soundararajan, Thenmozhi (20 August 2012). 4925: 4641: 3822: 3497: 3163:, founder of the Sakya Buddhist Society of 2881: 2732:(50 per cent), Chhattisgarh (48 per cent), 1866:List of people killed for being transgender 344:in documentation and asked them to desist. 15606: 15592: 13661: 13647: 12960: 12953: 12939: 12541: 12527: 12402: 12286:Dalits in Modern India – Vision and Values 11826: 9745: 9390:"How Muhammad Ali inspired India's Dalits" 9226:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9175: 9167:(Complete Revised ed.). Chicago, IL: 8521:"Ambedkar, Marx and the Buddhist Question" 8512: 8185:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 8103: 7925:Ramachandran, Smriti Kak (16 April 2017). 7717: 7533: 7036: 5638: 5607:Religion and Conflict in Modern South Asia 5428:. New Delhi: Chronicle Books. p. 15. 5343:. Penguin Random House India. p. xv. 5232: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5136: 5004: 5002: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4626:, "idle/lazy/fallen/indolent people") in, 3856:this issue before removing this message. 2747:, where the Scheduled Tribe population of 2662: 2648: 12384:Prasad, Amar Nath; Gaijan, M. B. (2007). 11860: 11538: 11193:Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2 10547:"Caste Discrimination Reforms in Britain" 9899: 9480:"10 parties register amendment proposals" 9246: 8810:Sikhism - An Introduction: Teach Yourself 8593: 8540: 8430:. Press Trust of India. 18 September 2006 8044:"Dalit women not allowed to enter temple" 7663: 7397: 7395: 6143: 5886: 5822: 5769: 5571:. In Rehman, Javid; Breau, Susan (eds.). 5533: 5098: 4985:. Cambridge University Press. p. 4. 4844: 4842: 4840: 4510:, outcast community of Vietnam after the 4393:Caste discrimination in the United States 4052:Learn how and when to remove this message 3619:. His last position in government was as 3156:(mainly Dalit Buddhists) in Maharashtra. 110:. Dalits were excluded from the fourfold 13918:Social determinants of health in poverty 13550:Social impact of Indian television drama 12809:National Commission for Scheduled Tribes 12804:National Commission for Scheduled Castes 12799:National Commission for Backward Classes 12386:Dalit Literature: A Critical Exploration 12248:Towards an Aesthetic of Dalit Literature 12080: 12028: 11974:Jeremiah, Anderson H. M. (14 May 2013). 11973: 11937: 11804: 11541:"Gujarati Dalit Literature: An Overview" 11439: 11369: 11066:"Emergence of Dalit Literature in India" 11063: 9966: 9783:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 95–96. 9452: 9387: 9274: 9052: 9042:. Rawat Publications. pp. 129, 135. 9035: 8550: 8331: 8150: 7751: 7224:"India: Dalit rights activists detained" 6955: 6920: 6777:"Professor attempts suicide near Rajkot" 6445: 6390: 6335: 6329: 6000: 5998: 5676:"Status of caste system in modern India" 5562: 5560: 4931: 4739: 4646:'"nine name fishermen"') in the 4448:Health care access among Dalits in India 3948: 3898: 3871: 3455:Other recognized state political parties 3424: 3405: 3395: 3036: 958:Social determinants of health in poverty 617: 505:For broader coverage of this topic, see 466:is a term mostly used by members of the 309:National Commission for Scheduled Castes 38: 12478: 12405:Dalit – The Black Untouchables of India 12283: 12269:. Manohar Publishers and Distributors. 12245: 12122: 12059: 10718: 10706: 10039: 9150:The Report of Conference Held at Madras 8875: 8863: 8239: 7868: 7146:"Skew in Dalit Jail Inmate Ratio: NCRB" 7074: 7072: 7070: 6907: 6632: 6612:"Contesting Power, Contesting Memories" 6552: 6494: 6473: 6062: 5869:. The Stationery Office; 4 March 2010. 5670: 5668: 5208: 5197: 5008: 4999: 4848: 4797: 4775:The Foundations of Western Civilization 4714: 4250: 3975:1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act 3964: 3574:did nothing to get justice for Dalits. 3519:Dalit-led political parties in Pakistan 3218:Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee 3042:A school of untouchables near Bangalore 665:Socioeconomic status and discrimination 659:National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights 153:with significant populations following 14: 16578: 16398:, Tharu, Danuwar and Dhimal) (Lowland) 12514:Is there ‘Dalit’ literature in Bangla? 12509:International Dalit Solidarity Network 12459: 12328: 12306: 12143: 11895:International Journal of Communication 11477:"Evolution of Telugu Dalit Literature" 11392: 11286: 10849: 10796: 10730: 10544: 10487: 10424: 10130: 10093: 10067: 9944:. India. 14 March 2007. Archived from 9752:. New Delhi: Concept. pp. 39–40. 9637: 9530: 9077:. Cambridge Scholars. pp. 39–116. 8841:Singh, Vikram Jit (18 February 2006). 8761: 8719: 8663: 8556: 8518: 8398:"Dalits 'barred' from entering temple" 7392: 7316:"Dalits from Bhagana convert to Islam" 7123:"Prejudice Blamed For Dalit Prisoners" 6908:Mukunth, Vasudevan (2 December 2014). 6833:. Press Trust of India. 28 March 2015. 6696: 6476:"Why Caste Won't Disappear From India" 5800:"Scheduled Caste Population in Punjab" 5395:Ambedkar: towards an enlightened India 5389: 5267: 5173:"Dalit word un-constitutional says SC" 4837: 4663: 4621: 4595: 3661:Aside from Mayawati in Uttar Pradesh, 3484:is the major Dalit party in Tamil Nadu 646:had the lowest at approximately zero. 394:, or 'children of God', was coined by 16056:Over 25 distinct castes, major being 15587: 13642: 12934: 12736:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 12522: 12222: 12195: 12179:Journeys to Freedom: Dalit Narratives 12000: 11805:Dhaliwal, Nirpal (16 December 2010). 11720: 11644: 11597: 11372:"Tamil Dalit literature: an overview" 11334: 11312: 11045:Satchidanandan, K (25 January 2013). 10751: 10640: 10396: 10367: 10231:"CPI(M) accused of sidelining Dalits" 10182: 10019:"Why Mayawati is wooing the Brahmins" 9849: 9710: 9675: 9595: 9184: 8840: 8628: 8258: 8041: 7479: 7343:Guha, Ramachandra (26 October 2014). 7313: 7280:Dubey, Priyanka (10 September 2014). 7279: 7091: 6080: 5995: 5828: 5705: 5681:. Ambedkar.org. 2004. pp. 34–35. 5603: 5566: 5557: 5421: 4770: 4302: 3554:exposed many leaders especially like 3531: 3417:Dalit-led political parties include: 2937:India's National Crime Records Bureau 2778:are considered the highest while the 32:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 15568: 14608:Capital punishment for homosexuality 13923:Social determinants of mental health 12915:2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census 12421: 12350: 12264: 12101: 11961: 11949: 11861:Grudgings, Stuart (18 August 2009). 11832: 11443:A history of Telugu Dalit literature 11125: 11097: 10813:from the original on 11 January 2022 10441:from the original on 11 January 2022 9679:Indian Democracy at the Crossroads I 9453:Varghese, Anil (17 September 2015). 8995:"Dalit Engineer Becomes a Jain Monk" 8806: 8178: 8077: 7723: 7614: 7539: 7342: 7254:"A 'Broken People' in Booming India" 7067: 6863: 6721: 6446:Bhandare, Namita (6 December 2014). 5947: 5685: 5665: 5498: 4878: 4876: 4855:. Mittal Publications. p. 198. 4668:, the social class who entertains ") 4034:adding citations to reliable sources 4005: 3826: 3798:Equality and Human Rights Commission 3437:, a national political party as per 3270:) in retaliation to the Jat slogan, 2847:Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 2802:, found that among state schools in 1672:Capital punishment for homosexuality 963:Social determinants of mental health 606:In accordance with the order of the 507:Caste system in India § History 14728:Genital modification and mutilation 12001:Henry, Nikhila (6 September 2015). 11782:. 21 September 2011. Archived from 11750:"Dalit Representation in Bollywood" 11152: 10752:Singh, Ramindar (10 January 2012). 10133:"Deciphering the 'Dalit vote bank'" 9908: 9858:. World Institute For Asian Studies 9837:Indian Journal of Political Science 9834: 9388:Madhavan, Narayanan (5 June 2016). 9130:Mosse, David (September 1996). "". 8882:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 79. 8365: 8338:T., Sathish G. (7 September 2015). 8309: 7752:Bahuguna, Ankush (28 August 2015). 7596:. Press Trust of India. 9 June 2014 7251: 7174: 6982: 6956:Sengupta, Somini (29 August 2008). 6697:Sarkar, Sravani (5 December 2014). 6495:Chishti, Seema (29 November 2014). 6474:Tharoor, Shashi (8 December 2014). 6419: 6391:Sengupta, Somini (29 August 2008). 6336:Dasgupta, Manas (28 January 2010). 6199:A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition 3939: 3850:create a more balanced presentation 1792:Genital modification and mutilation 24: 13668: 12680:2006 Dalit protests in Maharashtra 12660:Mandal Commission protests of 1990 12604:Court Cases related to Reservation 12548: 12169: 11919: 11261: 11021:"Dohaara Kakkayya (ಡೋಹಾರ ಕಕ್ಕಯ್ಯ)" 10684:State University of New York Press 10488:Suroor, Hasan (4 September 2010). 10313: 9644:. New Delhi: Concept. p. 19. 8487:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy 8337: 8240:Pansare, Govind (28 August 2015). 8217: 7724:Basu, Indrani (8 September 2015). 7701:. 1 September 2015. Archived from 7370: 6588:. 1 September 2015. Archived from 6204:State University of New York Press 6160: 5975: 5033: 4849:Kanmony, Jebagnanam Cyril (2010). 4398:2006 Dalit protests in Maharashtra 4224:. Writers like Basudeb Sunani and 2822:According to a 2014 report to the 25: 16642: 12502: 12035:. Popular Prakashan. p. 25. 11287:Taneja, Nidhima (30 April 2022). 11230:. 23 January 2003. Archived from 10572: 10545:Datani, Pratik (13 August 2013). 10158:"All players eye Dalit vote bank" 10068:Gilani, Iftikhar (20 June 2017). 9997:"The victory of caste arithmetic" 8876:Chapple, Christopher Key (2006). 8813:. John Murray Press. p. 51. 8632:The Oxford Handbook of Secularism 8259:Chari, Mridula (3 January 2016). 7777: 7540:Nair, Nithya (2 September 2015). 7435:"Sex hell of Dalit women exposed" 6722:Lama, Prawesh (7 December 2011). 6004: 5978:"GPO for the Library of Congress" 5501:Contributions to Indian Sociology 5181:. 18 January 2008. Archived from 4873: 4809:Kaminsky; Long, Roger D. (2011). 4740:Sudrania, OP (9 September 2012). 4733: 4364: 4159:, worked in the 1960s. Later the 3730: 3301:in 1966. Sameer Muni termed them 3234:endured a bitter dispute between 3124:There have been allegations that 418: 336:that some state governments used 321:; however, some sources say that 108:castes in the Indian subcontinent 16560: 15567: 15558: 15557: 15207:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 15044:Law for Protection of the Nation 14944:White genocide conspiracy theory 12614:Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu 12144:Takhar, Opinderjit Kaur (2005). 12126:Jaina Community: A Social Survey 11967: 11882: 11854: 11798: 11742: 11714: 11700: 11682: 11645:KUMAR, RAJ (21 September 2023). 11638: 11591: 11558: 11532: 11507: 11468: 11433: 11386: 11363: 11328: 11306: 11280: 11255: 11238: 11222:"Of art, identity, and politics" 11214: 11190:Jevha Mi Jat Chorali Hoti (1963) 11183: 11091: 11057: 11038: 11013: 10983: 10955: 10929: 10904: 10878: 10864:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00478.x 10843: 10797:Nelson, Dean (3 December 2012). 10617: 10587: 10566: 10481: 10453: 10338:"A Short history of immigration" 10330: 10281: 10265:. 29 August 2013. Archived from 10251: 10223: 10195: 10176: 10150: 10131:Mishra, Mayank (23 April 2014). 10124: 10087: 10061: 10040:Beckett, Paul (11 August 2008). 10033: 10011: 9989: 9967:Sengupta, Somini (12 May 2007). 9960: 9928: 9843: 9828: 9808: 9770: 9746:Sharma, Jagdish Chandra (2002). 9739: 9704: 9669: 9638:Sharma, Jagdish Chandra (2002). 9631: 9599:The success of India's democracy 9589: 9580: 9564:. 27 August 2015. Archived from 9550: 9531:Venkat, Vidya (18 August 2015). 9498: 9428: 9381: 9353:"Dalit Panthers: Another View". 9346: 9328: 9302: 9234: 9205: 9190: 9142: 9123: 9066: 9046: 9017: 9012:'दिव्य महापुरुष थे आचार्य नानेश' 9005: 8987: 8961: 8944: 8914: 8905: 8896: 8843:"Talhan scores for Dalit rights" 8800: 8782: 8755: 8713: 8695: 8657: 8622: 8597:Dalits: Past, Present and Future 8477: 8416: 8390: 8366:Jha, Hari Bansh (October 2005). 8359: 8303: 8271: 8252: 8233: 8211: 8172: 8144: 8097: 8071: 8035: 7988: 7946: 7918: 7890: 7827: 7799: 7685: 7664:Sivaraman, R. (17 August 2015). 7657: 7629: 7608: 7580: 7559: 7513: 7492: 7480:Rajan, M. C. (14 January 2010). 7473: 7371:S., Rukmini (13 November 2014). 5829:Ghosh, Lipi (29 November 2020). 5540:Dalits: Past, present and future 5248: 5105:Dalits: Past, present and future 5066:Sagar, S.; Bhargava, V. (2017). 4261:Dalit Film and Cultural Festival 4243:, writers such as K. Daniel and 4010: 3831: 3246:Indian Rupees, and the Jat Sikh 3067:in 1928. It was followed by the 2766:, wrote that during the rule of 2285:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 2114:Law for Protection of the Nation 2008:White genocide conspiracy theory 688: 562:, as a replacement for the term 302: 55: 16601:Caste-related violence in India 15049:MSM blood donation restrictions 14797:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 13374:Proposed states and territories 12579:Caste-related violence in India 12407:(2nd ed.). Clarity Press. 12123:Sangave, Vilas Adinath (1980). 11370:Mangalam, B. (1 January 2007). 11162:Indian short stories, 1900–2000 10641:Jones, Sam (30 November 2012). 10368:Jones, Sam (11 November 2009). 10183:Kumar, Sanjay (20 March 2014). 9014:Vinay N. Joshi on 14 June 2010, 8310:Ali, Mohammad (14 March 2015). 8151:Chandran, Rina (6 March 2020). 8104:Arulselvan, S. (2 April 2016). 8042:Kumar, Anuj (1 November 2019). 7455: 7427: 7364: 7336: 7314:Saini, Manvir (9 August 2015). 7307: 7273: 7216: 7187: 7168: 7137: 7114: 7085: 7030: 7002: 6976: 6901: 6883: 6857: 6837: 6819: 6798: 6769: 6741: 6715: 6658: 6626: 6604: 6572: 6553:Chishti, Seema (16 June 2015). 6546: 6514: 6488: 6467: 6439: 6420:Vij, Shivam (1 December 2014). 6413: 6384: 6305: 6277: 6251: 6224: 6186: 6109: 6074: 6056: 6042: 6024: 5969: 5941: 5915: 5880: 5763: 5737: 5719: 5632: 5597: 5527: 5492: 5453: 5415: 5383: 5357: 5332: 5299: 5261: 5130: 5092: 5059: 4956: 4021:needs additional citations for 3782:Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies 3478:factions, active in Maharashtra 3413:(BSP) is an Indian Dalit party. 3333: 3146:social and political engagement 2986:Caste-related violence in India 2935:The latest data available from 2119:MSM blood donation restrictions 1861:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 613: 523:organisation that involved the 142:class of the medieval European 15062:(as religious or racial quota) 12670:2006 anti-reservation protests 12196:Ghosh, Partha S. (July 1997). 11721:Ghosh, Avijit (6 April 2008). 11446:. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. 10425:Nelson, Dean (31 March 2010). 10397:Cohen, Nick (24 August 2009). 10203:"KCR has betrayed Dalits: TDP" 8525:Journal of South Asian Studies 7869:Sampath, G. (23 August 2015). 7092:Saini, Manvir (29 July 2015). 6864:Rana, Niyati (25 April 2015). 5341:Makers of Modern Dalit History 4900: 4764: 4708: 4690: 4637: 4480:Similarly discriminated groups 4247:gained mainstream popularity. 3739:, immigration from the former 3726:Beyond the Indian subcontinent 3621:Deputy Prime Minister of India 3482:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi 2852: 2132:(as religious or racial quota) 297: 192: 173:includes Dalits as one of the 43:A group of Dalit women in 2021 13: 1: 15476:Second-generation gender bias 15192:Constitutional colorblindness 13913:Social determinants of health 12920:2022 Bihar caste-based survey 12589:Vandalism of Ambedkar statues 12462:Dalit Politics and Literature 12246:Limbale, Sharankumar (2004). 11598:Malik, Suratha Kumar (2021). 11539:rti_admin (31 January 2012). 11481:Economic and Political Weekly 11440:Bharathi, Thummapudi (2008). 11047:"Mainstreaming the subaltern" 10839:(Report). Equality Labs, USA. 10578:Briefing on Caste Legislation 9355:Economic and Political Weekly 9310:"Recognized National Parties" 9253:Soutik Biswas (10 May 2016). 9055:Indian Journal of Social Work 8969:"Dalit youth turns Jain monk" 8764:Economic and Political Weekly 8542:10.1080/00856401.2015.1049726 8287:. 4 June 2007. Archived from 8122:10.1080/01296612.2016.1237459 8078:Sura, Ajay (8 January 2020). 7871:"Children of a different law" 7411:. 2 June 2003. Archived from 7037:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). 6983:Wax, Emily (31 August 2008). 6616:Economic and Political Weekly 6530:. 23 May 2015. Archived from 5543:. Routledge. pp. 52–54. 5137:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). 4683: 3995: 3971:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 2862:, disposing of dead animals, 2694:, saw a parallel between the 2675:Discrimination against Dalits 2562:Second-generation gender bias 2270:Constitutional colorblindness 953:Social determinants of health 558:– introduced the new term of 16611:Discrimination in Bangladesh 11833:Naig, Udhav (27 July 2015). 11411:10.1080/01440357.2011.632220 10631:, accessed 29 September 2022 10521:. Home Office, UK Government 10021:. Rediff News. 28 March 2007 9850:Raina, J. N. (30 May 2007). 9314:Election Commission of India 7615:Dhar, Aarti (14 July 2014). 6091:Journal of Rural Development 5948:Rath, Kayte (5 March 2013). 5770:Sivakumar, B. (2 May 2013). 3439:Election Commission of India 3192:, all of whom came from the 2974:Prevention of Atrocities Act 2824:Ministry of Minority Affairs 2785: 657:, a Dalit activist from the 601:Prevention of Atrocities Act 573:in 1947, India introduced a 556:Government of India Act 1935 236:is a vernacular form of the 149:Dalits predominantly follow 118:, also known by the name of 7: 16621:Social groups of Bangladesh 15387:Medical model of disability 15239:Hate speech laws by country 13138:Water supply and sanitation 12584:Economically Weaker Section 12460:Sharma, Pradeep K. (2006). 12443:Dalit Identity and Politics 12029:Shyamlal (1 January 1992). 11604:Contemporary Voice of Dalit 11053:. Vol. 30, no. 1. 10185:"The BJP's Dalit game plan" 9999:. Rediff.co.in. 11 May 2007 9909:Vij, Shivam (21 May 2009). 9212:Dogar, Vidya Sagar (2000). 9169:University of Chicago Press 9095:"Dalit Christians in India" 8279:"Temples of Unmodern India" 8001:Contemporary Voice of Dalit 7252:Wax, Emily (21 June 2007). 7175:Sen, Jahnavi (6 May 2016). 6098:(4): 529–42. Archived from 4518: 4487: 4375: 3893:Sikhs in the United Kingdom 3684: 3566:(under pressure from BJP), 3504:Bahujan Shakti Party, Nepal 3322:. His followers are called 3131: 3113:, a Dalit belonging to the 3025: 3010: 2698:system and untouchability. 2473:Medical model of disability 2317:Hate speech laws by country 359:efforts in 1935, being the 98: 10: 16647: 15496:Social model of disability 13968:Discrimination against men 13025:Public distribution system 12675:1996 Bathani Tola Massacre 12403:Rajshekhar, V. T. (2003). 12265:Mani, Braj Ranjan (2005). 12223:Joshi, Barbara R. (1986). 12053: 11651:Dalit Literatures in India 11395:"From Panchamars to Dalit" 10106:India. pp. 205, 279. 9777:Mirchandani, G.G. (2003). 9719:Cambridge University Press 9604:Cambridge University Press 7982:Dalit Empowerment in India 5693:"Profile: Mayawati Kumari" 5639:Srivastava, B. N. (2003). 5612:Cambridge University Press 5513:10.1177/006996671104500203 5472:Cambridge University Press 5422:Perez, Rosa Maria (2004). 4852:Dalits and Tribes of India 4715:Hankins, Joseph D (2014). 4368: 4306: 4254: 3999: 3771:Shadow Equalities minister 3688: 3535: 3399: 3384: 3337: 3277: 3174: 3170: 3136:In 1956, the Dalit jurist 3014: 2983: 2977: 2817: 2582:Social model of disability 1008:Discrimination against men 504: 500: 382: 378: 311:considers official use of 29: 16631:Social groups of Pakistan 16557: 16458: 16439: 16418: 16346: 16339: 16313: 16250: 16183: 16100: 16045: 15985: 15967:(standard Nepali dialect) 15929: 15920: 15761: 15690: 15636: 15625: 15553: 15292: 15169: 14962: 14849:Opposition to immigration 14573: 14213: 14060: 13820: 13770:Race / Ethnicity 13707: 13676: 13563: 13540:Films about social issues 13518: 13465: 13402: 13364: 13331: 13258: 13207: 13151: 13108: 13085: 12968: 12907: 12874: 12861:Republican Party of India 12833: 12817: 12781: 12718: 12642: 12556: 11195:. Editors Amaresh Datta. 11098:M.S., Thimmanaik (2019). 9717:(2 ed.). Cambridge: 9596:Kohli, Atul, ed. (2001). 9336:"Non-Dalits flock to RPI" 8629:Shook, John, ed. (2017). 8594:Teltumbde, Anand (2016). 8565:. pp. 2–15, 210–213. 5887:Bandarage, Asoka (2008). 4932:Robinson, Rowena (2003). 3754:and at doctor's offices. 3476:Republican Party of India 3470:Prakash Yashwant Ambedkar 3140:(1891–1956) launched the 3069:Temple Entry Proclamation 3051:In the 19th century, the 2677:has been observed across 1913:Opposition to immigration 802:Race / Ethnicity 228:word 'Dalit' was used by 87: 14844:Occupational segregation 14613:Compulsory sterilization 12908:Caste Census and Surveys 11616:10.1177/2455328X20987370 9240:Jose, Kananaikil. 1990. 8953: 8179:Nath, Suryakant (2013). 8013:10.1177/2455328X18822909 6633:Kunnath, George (2013). 5976:Lepoer, Barbara Leitch. 5074:. Springer. p. 22. 4287:Eklavya: The Royal Guard 4161:little magazine movement 4149:little magazine movement 3988:filed a lawsuit against 3823:Sikh diaspora in Britain 3498:Nepali Dalit-led parties 3380: 3305:, that is, belonging to 2918:Jantar Mantar, New Delhi 2902: 2882:Healthcare and nutrition 1908:Occupational segregation 1677:Compulsory sterilization 519:(c. 1812–1878) with his 177:; this gives Dalits the 30:For the legal term, see 16616:Discrimination in Nepal 16606:Discrimination in India 15372:Internalized oppression 15234:Fighting Discrimination 15224:Fat acceptance movement 15182:Anti-discrimination law 14822:Native American mascots 13008:National Pension System 12705:Bhima Koregaon protests 12624:Dalit Buddhist movement 12574:Caste politics in India 12464:. Shipra Publications. 12422:Rege, Sharmila (2006). 12351:Paik, Shailaja (2018). 12284:Michael, S. M. (2007). 12081:Gorringe, Hugo (2005). 12060:Ballard, Roger (1994). 11475:Purushotham, K (2010). 11313:admin (9 August 2016). 11262:Mishra, Jugal Kishore. 10047:The Wall Street Journal 9711:Brass, Paul R. (1994). 9510:Daily News and Analysis 8672:Oxford University Press 8664:Oberoi, Harjot (1994). 8637:Oxford University Press 8457:Oxford University Press 6622:(42): 7–8. 5 June 2015. 6081:Singh, Darshan (2009). 6063:Shankar, Deepa (2007). 5643:. In Lal, A. K. (ed.). 5604:Gould, William (2011). 4571:, of America's central 4428:Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam 4293:A Brazilian telenovela 3984:In late June 2020, the 3752:National Health Service 3656:Prime Minister of India 3625:Janata Party government 3599:. He was member of the 3466:Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi 3326:. In 1984, some of the 3318:community in 1963 near 3142:Dalit Buddhist movement 3075:in the Indian state of 3073:last King of Travancore 2692:Prime Minister of India 2458:Internalized oppression 2312:Fighting Discrimination 2302:Fat acceptance movement 2260:Anti-discrimination law 1886:Native American mascots 580:positive discrimination 357:positive discrimination 252:-based social reformer 224:In the late 1880s, the 183:positive discrimination 16626:Social groups of Nepal 15615:Ethnic groups in Nepal 15491:Social identity threat 15464:Reverse discrimination 15454:Racial color blindness 14934:Violence against women 14914:Sex-selective abortion 13346:Caste-related violence 13062:Universal basic income 12962:Social issues in India 12892:Other Backward Classes 12742:Other Backward Classes 12609:IIT reservation policy 12066:. Hurst. p. 110. 11064:Gundappa, Dr. (2019). 10852:Development and Change 10263:The New Indian Express 10094:Harshe, Rajen (2008). 9163:Dumont, Louis (1980). 9093:Sobin, George (2012). 8720:McLeod, W. H. (2009). 8577:"Census GIS Household" 7150:The New Indian Express 7127:The New Indian Express 7047:Rosen Publishing Group 5145:Rosen Publishing Group 4771:Noble, Thomas (2002). 4672: 4586:: 疍家, "boat people"), 4540: 4530:, in France and Spain. 4504: 3918: 3889: 3430: 3414: 3138:Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar 3048: 2930:University of Maryland 2878:(also Balmiki) caste. 2828:below the poverty line 2577:Social identity threat 2550:Reverse discrimination 2540:Racial color blindness 1998:Violence against women 1978:Sex-selective abortion 627: 347:Some sources say that 44: 16596:Caste system in Nepal 16591:Caste system in India 16367:Hill people (Eastern 16076:, Khadgi, Manandhar, 16070:Rajopadhyaya Brahmins 15459:Religious intolerance 15419:Political correctness 15249:Intersex human rights 15197:Cultural assimilation 14879:Religious persecution 14643:Disability hate crime 14428:Jewish / Antisemitism 13545:Freedom of expression 12700:Maratha Kranti Morcha 12685:2008 Gurjar agitation 12619:Self-Respect Movement 12569:Caste system in India 12557:Caste and reservation 12445:. Sage Publications. 12314:. Sage Publications. 12205:Ethnic Studies Report 12181:. Popular Prakashan. 12129:. Popular Prakashan. 12087:. Sage Publications. 11659:10.4324/9781315684314 9361:(18): 715–716. 1974. 8723:The A to Z of Sikhism 8557:Omvedt, Gail (2003). 8492:John Wiley & Sons 8368:"Nepal's Downtrodden" 6052:. CNN. 16 April 2020. 5567:Keane, David (2007). 4273:(son of Dalit leader 3949:In Continental Europe 3902: 3875: 3472:, Ambedkar's grandson 3428: 3409: 3396:Political involvement 3385:Further information: 3338:Further information: 3297:, was inaugurated by 3268:proud sons of Chamars 3106:) joined his forces. 3046:Lady Ottoline Morrell 3040: 3032:religious processions 3017:Self-Respect Movement 2942:Amnesty International 2796:Dalit Adhikar Abhiyan 2545:Religious intolerance 2505:Political correctness 2327:Intersex human rights 2275:Cultural assimilation 1943:Religious persecution 1707:Disability hate crime 1484:Jewish / Antisemitism 621: 593:Constitution of India 546:between Ambedkar and 473:In Nepal, aside from 171:constitution of India 42: 16298:Jangad/Dhangad/Uraun 14864:Political repression 13873:Anti-left handedness 13863:Anti-intellectualism 13394:Separatist movements 12897:Including Muslim OBC 12599:Reservation in India 12388:. Sarup & Sons. 12108:. Orient Blackswan. 12102:Jain, L. C. (2005). 11572:. 25 February 2018. 9568:on 12 September 2015 9201:. 14 September 2010. 8853:on 19 February 2014. 8602:Taylor & Francis 8533:Taylor & Francis 8494:. pp. 524–525. 8459:. pp. 192–213. 7778:Sahay, Anand Mohan. 7469:. 19 September 2014. 7133:on 29 November 2014. 6866:"Prejudice reserved" 6711:on 13 December 2014. 6643:University of Oxford 6105:on 22 December 2010. 5837:Taylor & Francis 5614:. pp. 151–152. 5579:. pp. 284–285. 5460:Mendelsohn, Oliver; 5185:on 22 September 2009 5047:. Dr. Ambedkar Books 5045:drambedkarbooks.com/ 4975:Mendelsohn, Oliver; 4781:The Teaching Company 4678:, in Northern Spain. 4665:[jəʔ˧tsjəʔ˧] 4550:Cleanliness of blood 4463:Marichjhapi massacre 4251:In the film industry 4155:, Bandhu Madhav and 4030:improve this article 3965:In the United States 3663:Damodaram Sanjivayya 3601:Constituent assembly 3558:alongside former PM 3509:Dalit Janajati Party 3102:Dalit warriors (the 2922:Inter-caste marriage 2832:Mangalore University 1928:Political repression 913:Anti-left handedness 903:Anti-intellectualism 513:Gopal Baba Walangkar 477:and, most commonly, 18:Untouchables (caste) 16243:Kushbadiya (Guhari) 16170:Kushbadiya (Guhari) 15367:Historical eugenics 14904:Segregation academy 14884:Religious terrorism 14673:Enemy of the people 14581:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 14100:Jehovah's Witnesses 13993:Perpetual foreigner 13432:Illegal immigration 13077:Widening income gap 12841:Bahujan Samaj Party 12789:Kalelkar Commission 12710:April 2018 protests 12211:(2). Archived from 11690:"Amazon.com: Books" 11276:on 31 October 2008. 10806:The Daily Telegraph 10434:The Daily Telegraph 10269:on 1 September 2013 9885:Wall Street Journal 9102:DalitStudies.org.in 9026:, 20 September 2010 8866:, pp. f63–124. 8807:Cole, Owen (2010). 8709:. 23 December 2013. 7815:. 28 September 2020 7705:on 3 September 2015 7415:on 20 February 2021 7408:National Geographic 7259:The Washington Post 7156:on 12 December 2014 6989:The Washington Post 6592:on 3 September 2015 6194:Klostermaier, Klaus 5982:Library of Congress 5733:. 4 September 2018. 5318:Library of Congress 5313:Library of Congress 5224:(2). Archived from 4935:Christians of India 4704:. 5 September 2018. 4674:Vaqueiros de alzada 4604:(small people) and 4597:[kʰuo˥lɛ˥˧] 4534:Caquins of Brittany 4418:Dalit History Month 4296:India: A Love Story 4280:Miley Naa Miley Hum 3888:the person attends. 3745:Indian subcontinent 3636:Ramchandra Veerappa 3613:Lal Bahadur Shastri 3525:Dalit Sujag Tehreek 3488:Lok Janshakti Party 3435:Bahujan Samaj Party 3411:Bahujan Samaj Party 3365:in Tamil Nadu, and 3061:Ramakrishna Mission 3000:Parliament of India 2843:Chandra Bhan Prasad 2453:Historical eugenics 1968:Segregation academy 1948:Religious terrorism 1737:Enemy of the people 1645:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 1148:Jehovah's Witnesses 1033:Perpetual foreigner 597:Government of India 531:) community in the 15803:Lama clan (Tamang) 15279:Social integration 15274:Self-determination 15264:Racial integration 15212:Diversity training 15202:Cultural pluralism 15177:Affirmative action 15077:Racial segregation 14987:Crime of apartheid 14889:Religious violence 14392:Indigenous people 13797:Sexual orientation 13384:Religious violence 13245:Female infanticide 13230:Child prostitution 13047:Standard of living 12753:Affirmative action 12369:10.1111/hic3.12491 12336:. Orient Longman. 12250:. Orient Longman. 12152:Ashgate Publishing 11728:The Times of India 11570:The Times of India 11166:E. V. Ramakrishnan 10890:The World from PRX 10721:, pp. 110–11. 10605:on 21 October 2017 10314:Sikand, Yoginder. 10164:. 17 December 2014 9974:The New York Times 9821:The Indian Express 9780:320 Million Judges 9486:. 4 September 2015 9484:The Kathmandu Post 9111:on 5 November 2016 8975:on 2 February 2014 8932:on 2 February 2014 8604:. pp. 57–59. 8519:Skaria, A (2015). 8404:. 27 February 2014 8402:The Kathmandu Post 8284:The Times of India 8084:The Times of India 7959:The Times of India 7812:The Indian Express 7642:The Indian Express 7467:The Times of India 7015:The Indian Express 6962:The New York Times 6897:. 7 November 2014. 6646:. pp. 36–59. 6559:The Indian Express 6501:The Indian Express 6398:The New York Times 6313:"The caste system" 6292:minorityrights.org 6265:. 14 December 2020 6172:Human Rights Watch 6136:10.1353/dem.0.0001 5804:Welfare Department 5749:The Indian Express 5307:"Tribal Religions" 5112:. pp. 10–11. 4912:www.britannica.com 4702:The Times of India 4303:Internal conflicts 4173:Manoranjan Byapari 4157:Shankar Rao Kharat 3919: 3890: 3532:Other dalit groups 3431: 3415: 3096:Subramania Bharati 3049: 2705:Klaus Klostermaier 2684:Human Rights Watch 2357:Social integration 2352:Self-determination 2342:Racial integration 2290:Diversity training 2280:Cultural pluralism 2255:Affirmative action 2147:Racial segregation 2057:Crime of apartheid 1953:Religious violence 1448:Indigenous people 829:Sexual orientation 628: 575:reservation system 385:Harijan (magazine) 45: 16573: 16572: 16553: 16552: 16430:Madheshi Janajati 16356:Mountain people ( 16293:Khadiya/Bankariya 16270: 16224:Khadiya/Bankariya 16191: 16160: 16159: 15826: 15825: 15630:(Trans-Himalayan) 15581: 15580: 15449:Racism by country 15377:Intersectionality 15362:Heteronormativity 15161:Voter suppression 14909:Sexual harassment 14708:Forced conversion 14628:Cultural genocide 14291:African Americans 14110:post–Cold War era 14095:Eastern Orthodoxy 13858:Anti-drug addicts 13853:Anti-homelessness 13780:Scientific racism 13636: 13635: 13422:Human trafficking 13235:Child trafficking 13164:Domestic violence 13133:Natural disasters 13128:Manual scavenging 12988:Farmers' suicides 12928: 12927: 12794:Mandal Commission 12690:Patidar agitation 12471:978-81-7541-271-2 12452:978-0-7619-9508-1 12395:978-81-7625-817-3 12343:978-81-250-2895-6 12299:978-0-7619-3571-1 12290:Sage Publications 12238:978-0-86232-460-5 12218:on 12 March 2004. 12188:978-81-85604-65-7 12161:978-0-7546-5202-1 12136:978-0-317-12346-3 12115:978-81-250-2707-2 12094:978-0-7619-3323-6 12073:978-1-85065-091-1 12042:978-81-7154-550-6 11987:978-1-4411-7881-7 11980:. A&C Black. 11786:on 1 October 2015 11754:Mainstream Weekly 11545:Round Table India 11453:978-81-7835-688-4 11350:979-10-365-4987-8 11025:Lingayat Religion 11001:on 7 January 2009 10916:today.westlaw.com 10756:. Newageislam.com 10693:978-0-7914-9302-1 10674:Coward, Harold G. 10239:. 19 January 2015 10137:Business Standard 10113:978-8-13178-525-6 10104:Pearson Education 9316:. 25 October 2021 9036:Shyamlal (1997). 8889:978-81-208-2045-6 8737:978-0-81086-344-6 8611:978-1-315-52644-7 8563:SAGE Publications 8501:978-1-119-14466-3 8466:978-0-19-566329-7 8291:on 11 August 2011 7060:978-0-8239-3180-4 6937:. 28 October 2012 6831:Business Standard 6757:. 1 February 2013 6675:. 5 December 2014 6372:on 5 October 2011 6213:978-0-7914-8011-3 6070:. The World Bank. 6038:. 1 October 2019. 5904:978-1-13597-085-7 5875:978-0-215-54435-3 5846:978-1-00-008390-3 5839:. pp. 115–. 5654:978-8-18069-053-2 5621:978-1-13949-869-2 5586:978-9-04742-087-3 5550:978-1-31552-643-0 5481:978-0-52155-671-2 5435:978-8-18028-014-6 5257: 5228:on 30 April 2013. 5154:978-0-8239-3179-8 5119:978-1-31552-643-0 5081:978-9-81103-581-4 5022:978-1-4438-0856-9 4992:978-0-521-55671-2 4896:on 16 April 2015. 4862:978-81-8324-348-3 4826:978-0-313-37463-0 4779:. Chantilly, VA: 4644: 4612:, Gaibu (丐戶) and 4438:Bhopal Conference 4423:Dalit nationalism 4185:Mandal Commission 4147:" as part of the 4106:Western Chalukyas 4066:Indian literature 4062: 4061: 4054: 3914:Guru Granth Sahib 3884:based upon which 3870: 3869: 3848:. Please help to 3840:This section may 3802:Equality Act 2010 3568:Lalu Prasad Yadav 3299:Mohanlal Sukhadia 3214:Master Tara Singh 3186:Guru Granth Sahib 3154:Marathi Buddhists 2864:manual scavenging 2672: 2671: 2535:Racism by country 2463:Intersectionality 2448:Heteronormativity 2231:Voter suppression 1973:Sexual harassment 1772:Forced conversion 1692:Cultural genocide 1347:African Americans 1158:post–Cold War era 1143:Eastern Orthodoxy 898:Anti-drug addicts 893:Anti-homelessness 812:Scientific racism 608:Bombay High Court 564:Depressed Classes 533:Bengal Presidency 485:(among Muslims), 266:Depressed Classes 96: 16:(Redirected from 16638: 16567:Nepal portal 16565: 16564: 16563: 16344: 16343: 16291:Dudh and Dhelki 16265: 16186: 15927: 15926: 15753:Limbu (Yakthung) 15677:Central Tibetans 15646:Darchula Bhotiya 15634: 15633: 15608: 15601: 15594: 15585: 15584: 15571: 15570: 15561: 15560: 15501:Social privilege 15486:Social exclusion 15414:Police brutality 15335:Multiculturalism 15305:Amatonormativity 15136:Social exclusion 14972:Age of candidacy 14772:Homeless dumping 14678:Ethnic cleansing 13663: 13656: 13649: 13640: 13639: 13628:Police brutality 13417:Groom kidnapping 13379:Ethnic relations 13240:Female foeticide 12955: 12948: 12941: 12932: 12931: 12887:Scheduled Tribes 12882:Scheduled Castes 12665:Namantar Andolan 12543: 12536: 12529: 12520: 12519: 12497: 12480:Zelliot, Eleanor 12475: 12456: 12437: 12418: 12399: 12380: 12347: 12325: 12303: 12280: 12261: 12242: 12219: 12217: 12202: 12192: 12165: 12140: 12119: 12098: 12077: 12047: 12046: 12026: 12020: 12019: 12017: 12015: 11998: 11992: 11991: 11971: 11965: 11959: 11953: 11947: 11941: 11935: 11926: 11925: 11920:Shinde, Prem K. 11917: 11911: 11910: 11886: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11875: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11847: 11830: 11824: 11823: 11821: 11819: 11802: 11796: 11795: 11793: 11791: 11772: 11766: 11765: 11763: 11761: 11746: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11735: 11718: 11712: 11711: 11704: 11698: 11697: 11686: 11680: 11679: 11677: 11675: 11642: 11636: 11635: 11595: 11589: 11588: 11586: 11584: 11562: 11556: 11555: 11553: 11551: 11536: 11530: 11529: 11527: 11525: 11511: 11505: 11504: 11472: 11466: 11465: 11437: 11431: 11430: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11367: 11361: 11360: 11359: 11357: 11332: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11321: 11310: 11304: 11303: 11301: 11299: 11284: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11269:. Archived from 11268: 11259: 11253: 11242: 11236: 11235: 11218: 11212: 11187: 11181: 11156: 11150: 11129: 11123: 11122: 11104: 11095: 11089: 11088: 11070: 11061: 11055: 11054: 11042: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11031: 11017: 11011: 11010: 11008: 11006: 10997:. Archived from 10987: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10959: 10953: 10952: 10950: 10948: 10933: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10922: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10897: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10847: 10841: 10840: 10832: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10818: 10802: 10794: 10788: 10787: 10775: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10749: 10743: 10740: 10734: 10728: 10722: 10716: 10710: 10704: 10698: 10697: 10670: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10638: 10632: 10621: 10615: 10614: 10612: 10610: 10601:. Archived from 10591: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10570: 10564: 10563: 10561: 10559: 10542: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10526: 10514: 10508: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10498:. Chennai, India 10485: 10479: 10478: 10476: 10474: 10457: 10451: 10450: 10448: 10446: 10430: 10422: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10411: 10394: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10365: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10334: 10328: 10327: 10325: 10323: 10311: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10300: 10295:on 31 March 2015 10291:. Archived from 10285: 10279: 10278: 10276: 10274: 10255: 10249: 10248: 10246: 10244: 10227: 10221: 10220: 10218: 10216: 10211:. 4 January 2015 10199: 10193: 10192: 10180: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10169: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10091: 10085: 10084: 10082: 10080: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10037: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10026: 10015: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10004: 9993: 9987: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9948:on 15 March 2007 9932: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9921: 9906: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9874: 9868: 9867: 9865: 9863: 9847: 9841: 9840: 9832: 9826: 9825: 9824:. 20 March 2014. 9812: 9806: 9805: 9799: 9797: 9774: 9768: 9767: 9743: 9737: 9736: 9708: 9702: 9701: 9695: 9687: 9673: 9667: 9666: 9660: 9658: 9635: 9629: 9628: 9622: 9620: 9593: 9587: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9554: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9543: 9528: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9502: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9432: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9385: 9379: 9378: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9332: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9306: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9295: 9278: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9250: 9244: 9238: 9232: 9231: 9225: 9217: 9216:. New Delhi, IN. 9209: 9203: 9202: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9173: 9172: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9146: 9140: 9139: 9127: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9116: 9110: 9104:. Archived from 9099: 9090: 9079: 9078: 9070: 9064: 9062: 9050: 9044: 9043: 9033: 9027: 9021: 9015: 9009: 9003: 9002: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8965: 8959: 8958: 8948: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8928:. Archived from 8918: 8912: 8909: 8903: 8900: 8894: 8893: 8873: 8867: 8861: 8855: 8854: 8849:. Archived from 8838: 8829: 8828: 8804: 8798: 8797: 8786: 8780: 8779: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8746: 8744: 8717: 8711: 8710: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8661: 8655: 8654: 8646:978-0-19998845-7 8626: 8620: 8619: 8591: 8585: 8584: 8579:. Archived from 8573: 8567: 8566: 8554: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8481: 8475: 8474: 8446: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8420: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8374:. Archived from 8363: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8335: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8237: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8226: 8218:Rushdi, Aaliya. 8215: 8209: 8208: 8176: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8039: 8033: 8032: 7992: 7986: 7977: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7950: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7894: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7866: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7831: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7721: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7645:. 18 August 2015 7633: 7627: 7626: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7529:. 25 April 2015. 7517: 7511: 7510: 7496: 7490: 7489: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7399: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7357: 7340: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7311: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7291:. Archived from 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7220: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7152:. Archived from 7141: 7135: 7134: 7129:. Archived from 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7089: 7083: 7076: 7065: 7064: 7044: 7034: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6905: 6899: 6898: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6870:Ahmedabad Mirror 6861: 6855: 6854: 6853:. 24 March 2013. 6841: 6835: 6834: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6707:. Archived from 6694: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6639: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6518: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6321:. Archived from 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6289: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6147: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6087: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6002: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5884: 5878: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5810:on 23 April 2016 5806:. Archived from 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5672: 5663: 5662: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5564: 5555: 5554: 5535:Teltumbde, Anand 5531: 5525: 5524: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5462:Vicziany, Marika 5457: 5451: 5450: 5444: 5442: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5303: 5297: 5296: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5243: 5230: 5229: 5210:Zelliot, Eleanor 5206: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5100:Teltumbde, Anand 5096: 5090: 5089: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5006: 4997: 4996: 4977:Vicziany, Marika 4972: 4963: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4892:. Archived from 4880: 4871: 4870: 4846: 4835: 4834: 4806: 4795: 4794: 4778: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4748:. Archived from 4737: 4731: 4730: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4694: 4677: 4667: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4625: 4599: 4564: 4545: 4523: 4509: 4492: 4473:Namantar Andolan 4433:Ayyathan Gopalan 4275:Ram Vilas Paswan 4116:poets and Tamil 4102:Madara Chennaiah 4057: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4014: 4006: 4002:Dalit literature 3940:In the Caribbean 3865: 3862: 3835: 3834: 3827: 3716:Indiramma Kalalu 3667:Jitan Ram Manjhi 3632:Dinanath Bhaskar 3609:Jawaharlal Nehru 3607:Prime ministers 3461:Azad Samaj Party 3444:Azad Samaj Party 2928:(NCAER) and the 2792:school drop-outs 2764:Savitribai Phule 2730:Himachal Pradesh 2664: 2657: 2650: 2587:Social privilege 2572:Social exclusion 2500:Police brutality 2421:Multiculturalism 2391:Amatonormativity 2206:Social exclusion 2042:Age of candidacy 1836:Homeless dumping 1742:Ethnic cleansing 692: 669: 668: 571:its independence 560:Scheduled Castes 517:Harichand Thakur 481:, terms such as 369:Dalit Christians 361:Scheduled Tribes 342:Scheduled Castes 333:Scheduled Castes 327:Scheduled Castes 318:Scheduled Castes 277:activist group. 175:Scheduled Castes 101: 91: 89: 81: 80: 77: 76: 73: 70: 67: 64: 61: 54: 21: 16646: 16645: 16641: 16640: 16639: 16637: 16636: 16635: 16576: 16575: 16574: 16569: 16561: 16559: 16549: 16454: 16435: 16414: 16401:Western Nepal ( 16335: 16309: 16264: 16251:Other peoples ( 16246: 16189:distinct origin 16185: 16179: 16156: 16102:Indian Madheshi 16096: 16041: 16000:Maithil Brahmin 15981: 15916: 15822: 15757: 15686: 15672:Central Tibetic 15629: 15621: 15619:language family 15612: 15582: 15577: 15549: 15424:Polyculturalism 15320:Civil liberties 15288: 15269:Reappropriation 15170:Countermeasures 15165: 15094:Racial steering 15060:Numerus clausus 14964: 14958: 14683:Ethnic conflict 14618:Corrective rape 14569: 14209: 14056: 13948:HIV/AIDS stigma 13816: 13765:Mental disorder 13703: 13672: 13667: 13637: 13632: 13559: 13514: 13461: 13442:Organised crime 13427:Illegal housing 13398: 13360: 13327: 13303:Menstrual taboo 13254: 13250:Street children 13203: 13174:Family planning 13147: 13104: 13081: 12964: 12959: 12929: 12924: 12903: 12870: 12829: 12813: 12777: 12748:Forward classes 12714: 12638: 12594:Anti-Brahminism 12552: 12547: 12505: 12500: 12494: 12472: 12453: 12434: 12415: 12396: 12357:History Compass 12344: 12322: 12300: 12277: 12258: 12239: 12215: 12200: 12189: 12172: 12170:Further reading 12162: 12137: 12116: 12095: 12074: 12056: 12051: 12050: 12043: 12027: 12023: 12013: 12011: 11999: 11995: 11988: 11972: 11968: 11960: 11956: 11948: 11944: 11936: 11929: 11918: 11914: 11887: 11883: 11873: 11871: 11859: 11855: 11845: 11843: 11831: 11827: 11817: 11815: 11803: 11799: 11789: 11787: 11774: 11773: 11769: 11759: 11757: 11748: 11747: 11743: 11733: 11731: 11719: 11715: 11706: 11705: 11701: 11688: 11687: 11683: 11673: 11671: 11669: 11643: 11639: 11596: 11592: 11582: 11580: 11564: 11563: 11559: 11549: 11547: 11537: 11533: 11523: 11521: 11513: 11512: 11508: 11473: 11469: 11454: 11438: 11434: 11391: 11387: 11368: 11364: 11355: 11353: 11351: 11333: 11329: 11319: 11317: 11311: 11307: 11297: 11295: 11285: 11281: 11273: 11266: 11260: 11256: 11243: 11239: 11234:on 2 July 2003. 11220: 11219: 11215: 11197:Sahitya Akademi 11188: 11184: 11170:Sahitya Akademi 11157: 11153: 11130: 11126: 11102: 11096: 11092: 11068: 11062: 11058: 11043: 11039: 11029: 11027: 11019: 11018: 11014: 11004: 11002: 10989: 10988: 10984: 10974: 10972: 10961: 10960: 10956: 10946: 10944: 10935: 10934: 10930: 10920: 10918: 10910: 10909: 10905: 10895: 10893: 10884: 10883: 10879: 10848: 10844: 10833: 10826: 10816: 10814: 10795: 10791: 10776: 10769: 10759: 10757: 10750: 10746: 10741: 10737: 10729: 10725: 10717: 10713: 10705: 10701: 10694: 10686:. p. 133. 10671: 10662: 10652: 10650: 10639: 10635: 10622: 10618: 10608: 10606: 10593: 10592: 10588: 10580: 10571: 10567: 10557: 10555: 10543: 10534: 10524: 10522: 10515: 10511: 10501: 10499: 10486: 10482: 10472: 10470: 10469:. 12 March 2009 10459: 10458: 10454: 10444: 10442: 10423: 10419: 10409: 10407: 10395: 10391: 10381: 10379: 10366: 10359: 10349: 10347: 10336: 10335: 10331: 10321: 10319: 10312: 10308: 10298: 10296: 10287: 10286: 10282: 10272: 10270: 10257: 10256: 10252: 10242: 10240: 10229: 10228: 10224: 10214: 10212: 10201: 10200: 10196: 10181: 10177: 10167: 10165: 10156: 10155: 10151: 10141: 10139: 10129: 10125: 10114: 10092: 10088: 10078: 10076: 10066: 10062: 10052: 10050: 10038: 10034: 10024: 10022: 10017: 10016: 10012: 10002: 10000: 9995: 9994: 9990: 9980: 9978: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9949: 9934: 9933: 9929: 9919: 9917: 9907: 9900: 9890: 9888: 9875: 9871: 9861: 9859: 9848: 9844: 9833: 9829: 9814: 9813: 9809: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9775: 9771: 9760: 9744: 9740: 9729: 9721:. p. 249. 9709: 9705: 9689: 9688: 9674: 9670: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9636: 9632: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9594: 9590: 9585: 9581: 9571: 9569: 9556: 9555: 9551: 9541: 9539: 9529: 9525: 9515: 9513: 9504: 9503: 9499: 9489: 9487: 9478: 9477: 9473: 9463: 9461: 9451: 9447: 9434: 9433: 9429: 9419: 9417: 9408: 9407: 9403: 9395:Hindustan Times 9386: 9382: 9352: 9351: 9347: 9334: 9333: 9329: 9319: 9317: 9308: 9307: 9303: 9293: 9291: 9282:"Dalit Muslims" 9280: 9279: 9275: 9265: 9263: 9251: 9247: 9239: 9235: 9219: 9218: 9210: 9206: 9196: 9195: 9191: 9183: 9176: 9161: 9157: 9148: 9147: 9143: 9128: 9124: 9114: 9112: 9108: 9097: 9091: 9082: 9071: 9067: 9051: 9047: 9034: 9030: 9022: 9018: 9010: 9006: 8993: 8992: 8988: 8978: 8976: 8967: 8966: 8962: 8955: 8950: 8949: 8945: 8935: 8933: 8920: 8919: 8915: 8910: 8906: 8901: 8897: 8890: 8874: 8870: 8862: 8858: 8839: 8832: 8821: 8805: 8801: 8788: 8787: 8783: 8760: 8756: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8728:Scarecrow Press 8718: 8714: 8701: 8700: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8674:. p. 109. 8662: 8658: 8647: 8639:. p. 224. 8627: 8623: 8612: 8592: 8588: 8583:on 6 July 2010. 8575: 8574: 8570: 8555: 8551: 8517: 8513: 8502: 8482: 8478: 8467: 8447: 8443: 8433: 8431: 8422: 8421: 8417: 8407: 8405: 8396: 8395: 8391: 8381: 8379: 8364: 8360: 8350: 8348: 8336: 8332: 8322: 8320: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8277: 8276: 8272: 8257: 8253: 8238: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8216: 8212: 8177: 8173: 8163: 8161: 8149: 8145: 8102: 8098: 8088: 8086: 8076: 8072: 8062: 8060: 8040: 8036: 7993: 7989: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7962: 7952: 7951: 7947: 7937: 7935: 7932:Hindustan Times 7923: 7919: 7909: 7907: 7906:. 24 April 2016 7896: 7895: 7891: 7881: 7879: 7867: 7856: 7846: 7844: 7833: 7832: 7828: 7818: 7816: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7790: 7788: 7776: 7772: 7762: 7760: 7750: 7746: 7736: 7734: 7722: 7718: 7708: 7706: 7698:Hindustan Times 7691: 7690: 7686: 7676: 7674: 7662: 7658: 7648: 7646: 7635: 7634: 7630: 7613: 7609: 7599: 7597: 7586: 7585: 7581: 7576:. 19 June 2014. 7565: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7538: 7534: 7526:Hindustan Times 7519: 7518: 7514: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7478: 7474: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7418: 7416: 7401: 7400: 7393: 7383: 7381: 7369: 7365: 7355: 7353: 7350:Hindustan Times 7341: 7337: 7327: 7325: 7312: 7308: 7298: 7296: 7295:on 5 March 2016 7278: 7274: 7264: 7262: 7250: 7246: 7236: 7234: 7222: 7221: 7217: 7207: 7205: 7193: 7192: 7188: 7173: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7142: 7138: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7090: 7086: 7077: 7068: 7061: 7035: 7031: 7021: 7019: 7008: 7007: 7003: 6993: 6991: 6981: 6977: 6967: 6965: 6954: 6950: 6940: 6938: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6906: 6902: 6889: 6888: 6884: 6874: 6872: 6862: 6858: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6799: 6789: 6787: 6786:. 15 April 2015 6775: 6774: 6770: 6760: 6758: 6747: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6720: 6716: 6704:Hindustan Times 6695: 6688: 6678: 6676: 6664: 6663: 6659: 6637: 6631: 6627: 6610: 6609: 6605: 6595: 6593: 6585:Hindustan Times 6578: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6551: 6547: 6537: 6535: 6527:Hindustan Times 6520: 6519: 6515: 6505: 6503: 6493: 6489: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6453:Hindustan Times 6444: 6440: 6430: 6428: 6418: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6389: 6385: 6375: 6373: 6364: 6363: 6359: 6349: 6347: 6334: 6330: 6325:on 21 May 2009. 6311: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6268: 6266: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6214: 6206:. p. 297. 6191: 6187: 6177: 6175: 6166: 6165: 6161: 6114: 6110: 6102: 6085: 6079: 6075: 6067: 6061: 6057: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6003: 5996: 5986: 5984: 5974: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5946: 5942: 5932: 5930: 5924:"Black Indians" 5920: 5916: 5905: 5897:. p. 186. 5885: 5881: 5862: 5858: 5847: 5827: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5783: 5781: 5768: 5764: 5754: 5752: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5701:. 16 July 2009. 5691: 5690: 5686: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5666: 5655: 5637: 5633: 5622: 5602: 5598: 5587: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5532: 5528: 5497: 5493: 5482: 5458: 5454: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5420: 5416: 5409: 5388: 5384: 5374: 5372: 5371:. 27 March 2017 5369:The News Minute 5363: 5362: 5358: 5351: 5337: 5333: 5323: 5321: 5320:Country Studies 5305: 5304: 5300: 5285:10.2307/2800388 5266: 5262: 5244: 5233: 5218:Global Dialogue 5207: 5198: 5188: 5186: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5155: 5147:. p. 168. 5135: 5131: 5120: 5097: 5093: 5082: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5023: 5007: 5000: 4993: 4973: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4946: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4889:Hindustan Times 4882: 4881: 4874: 4863: 4847: 4838: 4827: 4819:. p. 156. 4807: 4798: 4791: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4738: 4734: 4727: 4713: 4709: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4623:[tumin] 4558: 4482: 4477: 4378: 4373: 4367: 4311: 4305: 4263: 4255:Main articles: 4253: 4205:Kathi Padma Rao 4058: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4027: 4015: 4004: 3998: 3967: 3951: 3942: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3733: 3728: 3712:SC, ST Sub-Plan 3708: 3693: 3687: 3671:K. R. Narayanan 3560:Chandra Shekhar 3544: 3536:Main articles: 3534: 3521: 3500: 3457: 3423: 3404: 3398: 3389: 3383: 3342: 3340:Dalit Christian 3336: 3280: 3179: 3173: 3134: 3126:Dalits in Nepal 3028: 3019: 3013: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2905: 2884: 2868:sanitation work 2855: 2820: 2788: 2740:(40 per cent). 2700:Eleanor Zelliot 2668: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2510:Polyculturalism 2406:Civil liberties 2378: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2347:Reappropriation 2247: 2246:Countermeasures 2239: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2164:Racial steering 2130:Numerus clausus 2034: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2022: 1747:Ethnic conflict 1682:Corrective rape 1637: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1272: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1110: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1096: 988:HIV/AIDS stigma 860: 852: 851: 850: 849: 848: 797:Mental disorder 739: 731: 730: 729: 728: 727: 700: 667: 616: 589:K. R. Narayanan 510: 503: 421: 388: 381: 365:Scheduled Caste 353:Scheduled Caste 305: 300: 287:Anand Teltumbde 282:Marika Vicziany 195: 181:to protection, 58: 52: 51: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16644: 16634: 16633: 16628: 16623: 16618: 16613: 16608: 16603: 16598: 16593: 16588: 16571: 16570: 16558: 16555: 16554: 16551: 16550: 16548: 16547: 16541: 16538: 16535: 16532: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16465: 16463: 16456: 16455: 16453: 16452: 16449: 16443: 16441: 16437: 16436: 16434: 16433: 16432: 16431: 16422: 16420: 16416: 16415: 16413: 16412: 16406: 16399: 16389: 16384:(East, mostly 16379: 16365: 16353: 16351: 16341: 16337: 16336: 16334: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16317: 16315: 16311: 16310: 16308: 16307: 16306: 16305: 16295: 16289: 16284: 16279: 16273: 16271: 16248: 16247: 16245: 16240: 16231: 16226: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16194: 16192: 16181: 16180: 16178: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16161: 16158: 16157: 16155: 16154: 16153: 16152: 16147: 16140:other Madheshi 16137: 16132: 16131: 16130: 16127: 16122: 16112: 16110:Indian Maithil 16106: 16104: 16098: 16097: 16095: 16094: 16091: 16090: 16089: 16060:, Chathariya, 16051: 16049: 16043: 16042: 16040: 16039: 16034: 16029: 16024: 16019: 16018: 16017: 16012: 16007: 16002: 15991: 15989: 15983: 15982: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15969: 15968: 15958: 15949: 15935: 15933: 15924: 15918: 15917: 15915: 15914: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15898: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15868: 15867: 15862: 15852: 15851: 15850: 15845: 15839: 15836: 15827: 15824: 15823: 15821: 15820: 15812: 15807: 15806: 15805: 15795: 15794: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15773: 15767: 15765: 15759: 15758: 15756: 15755: 15750: 15749: 15748: 15743: 15735: 15734: 15733: 15728: 15727: 15726: 15713: 15712: 15711: 15705: 15696: 15694: 15688: 15687: 15685: 15684: 15679: 15674: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15642: 15640: 15631: 15623: 15622: 15611: 15610: 15603: 15596: 15588: 15579: 15578: 15576: 15575: 15565: 15554: 15551: 15550: 15548: 15547: 15542: 15541: 15540: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15519: 15518: 15513: 15508: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15472: 15471: 15469:Reverse racism 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15439:Prisoner abuse 15436: 15431: 15429:Power distance 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15395: 15394: 15384: 15379: 15374: 15369: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15347:Ethnic penalty 15344: 15343: 15342: 15340:Neurodiversity 15337: 15327: 15325:Dehumanization 15322: 15317: 15315:Cisnormativity 15312: 15307: 15302: 15296: 15294: 15293:Related topics 15290: 15289: 15287: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15216: 15215: 15214: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15173: 15171: 15167: 15166: 15164: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15151:State religion 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15132: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15090: 15089: 15087:Nuremberg Laws 15084: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15056: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15029:Ghetto benches 15026: 15024:Gerrymandering 15021: 15016: 15011: 15009:Gender pay gap 15006: 15005: 15004: 14999: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14968: 14966: 14963:Discriminatory 14960: 14959: 14957: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14840: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14792:Lavender scare 14789: 14787:Kill Haole Day 14784: 14782:Indian rolling 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14758: 14757: 14747: 14742: 14741: 14740: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14668:Eliminationism 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14603:Cancel culture 14600: 14595: 14590: 14589: 14588: 14577: 14575: 14574:Manifestations 14571: 14570: 14568: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14470:Middle Eastern 14467: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14436: 14435: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14409: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14390: 14385: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14304: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14272: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14220: 14218: 14211: 14210: 14208: 14207: 14205:Zoroastrianism 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14181: 14180: 14170: 14169: 14168: 14167: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14136: 14135: 14134: 14132:Untouchability 14129: 14119: 14114: 14113: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14066: 14064: 14058: 14057: 14055: 14054: 14049: 14044: 14043: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14022: 14021: 14020: 14015: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13958:Leprosy stigma 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13824: 13822: 13818: 13817: 13815: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13783: 13782: 13777: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13711: 13709: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13680: 13678: 13674: 13673: 13670:Discrimination 13666: 13665: 13658: 13651: 13643: 13634: 13633: 13631: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13604: 13603: 13598: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13567: 13565: 13561: 13560: 13558: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13536: 13535: 13524: 13522: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13471: 13469: 13463: 13462: 13460: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13437:Illegal mining 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13408: 13406: 13400: 13399: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13370: 13368: 13362: 13361: 13359: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13341:Caste politics 13337: 13335: 13329: 13328: 13326: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13293:Women's health 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13264: 13262: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13225:Child marriage 13222: 13217: 13211: 13209: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13189:Nuclear family 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13155: 13153: 13149: 13148: 13146: 13145: 13143:Water disputes 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13123:Climate change 13120: 13114: 13112: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13102: 13097: 13091: 13089: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13052:Street vendors 13049: 13044: 13043: 13042: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13021: 13020: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12978:Communications 12974: 12972: 12966: 12965: 12958: 12957: 12950: 12943: 12935: 12926: 12925: 12923: 12922: 12917: 12911: 12909: 12905: 12904: 12902: 12901: 12900: 12899: 12889: 12884: 12878: 12876: 12872: 12871: 12869: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12837: 12835: 12831: 12830: 12828: 12827: 12825:Atrocities Act 12821: 12819: 12815: 12814: 12812: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12785: 12783: 12779: 12778: 12776: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12763:Untouchability 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12739: 12733: 12728: 12722: 12720: 12716: 12715: 12713: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12650:Communal Award 12646: 12644: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12636: 12631: 12629:B. R. Ambedkar 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12560: 12558: 12554: 12553: 12550:Caste in India 12546: 12545: 12538: 12531: 12523: 12517: 12516: 12511: 12504: 12503:External links 12501: 12499: 12498: 12492: 12476: 12470: 12457: 12451: 12438: 12433:978-8189013011 12432: 12419: 12413: 12400: 12394: 12381: 12363:(10): e12491. 12348: 12342: 12326: 12320: 12304: 12298: 12281: 12275: 12262: 12256: 12243: 12237: 12220: 12193: 12187: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12167: 12166: 12160: 12141: 12135: 12120: 12114: 12099: 12093: 12078: 12072: 12055: 12052: 12049: 12048: 12041: 12021: 11993: 11986: 11966: 11964:, p. 306. 11954: 11952:, p. 322. 11942: 11927: 11912: 11881: 11853: 11825: 11797: 11767: 11741: 11713: 11699: 11681: 11667: 11637: 11590: 11557: 11531: 11506: 11467: 11452: 11432: 11405:(2): 117–131. 11385: 11376:Language Forum 11362: 11349: 11337:"Introduction" 11327: 11305: 11279: 11254: 11249:Times of India 11237: 11213: 11182: 11151: 11124: 11113:(3): 104–105. 11090: 11056: 11037: 11012: 10982: 10971:. 20 June 2024 10954: 10928: 10903: 10892:. 4 March 2019 10877: 10858:(2): 239–261. 10842: 10824: 10789: 10767: 10744: 10735: 10733:, p. 133. 10723: 10711: 10709:, p. 110. 10699: 10692: 10660: 10633: 10616: 10586: 10565: 10532: 10509: 10480: 10452: 10417: 10389: 10357: 10329: 10306: 10280: 10250: 10222: 10194: 10175: 10149: 10123: 10112: 10086: 10060: 10032: 10010: 9988: 9959: 9927: 9898: 9869: 9842: 9827: 9807: 9789: 9769: 9758: 9738: 9728:978-0521453622 9727: 9703: 9668: 9650: 9630: 9613:978-0521805308 9612: 9606:. p. 37. 9602:. Cambridge : 9588: 9579: 9549: 9523: 9497: 9471: 9445: 9427: 9416:. 4 April 2014 9401: 9380: 9345: 9327: 9301: 9290:. 20 June 2002 9273: 9245: 9233: 9204: 9189: 9174: 9155: 9141: 9122: 9080: 9065: 9045: 9028: 9016: 9004: 8986: 8960: 8943: 8913: 8904: 8895: 8888: 8868: 8856: 8830: 8819: 8799: 8781: 8754: 8736: 8730:. p. 49. 8712: 8707:News East West 8694: 8681:978-0226615936 8680: 8656: 8645: 8621: 8610: 8586: 8568: 8549: 8511: 8500: 8476: 8465: 8441: 8415: 8389: 8378:on 13 May 2008 8372:Hinduism Today 8358: 8330: 8302: 8270: 8251: 8232: 8210: 8171: 8143: 8096: 8070: 8034: 7987: 7972: 7945: 7917: 7889: 7854: 7826: 7798: 7770: 7744: 7716: 7684: 7656: 7628: 7607: 7579: 7573:Times of India 7558: 7532: 7512: 7506:Times of India 7491: 7472: 7454: 7426: 7391: 7363: 7335: 7322:Times of India 7306: 7272: 7244: 7215: 7204:. 4 April 2018 7201:Times of India 7186: 7167: 7136: 7113: 7100:Times of India 7084: 7066: 7059: 7029: 7001: 6975: 6948: 6934:Times of India 6919: 6900: 6882: 6856: 6836: 6818: 6797: 6783:Times of India 6768: 6740: 6714: 6686: 6672:Times of India 6657: 6625: 6603: 6571: 6545: 6534:on 24 May 2015 6513: 6487: 6466: 6438: 6412: 6383: 6357: 6328: 6304: 6276: 6250: 6223: 6212: 6185: 6159: 6108: 6073: 6055: 6041: 6023: 6011:Guyana Journal 6005:Naidu, Janet. 5994: 5968: 5940: 5914: 5903: 5879: 5856: 5845: 5821: 5791: 5778:Times of India 5762: 5736: 5718: 5715:. NCHRO. 2009. 5704: 5684: 5664: 5653: 5631: 5620: 5596: 5585: 5556: 5549: 5526: 5507:(2): 217–241. 5491: 5480: 5452: 5434: 5414: 5408:978-0143065906 5407: 5382: 5356: 5350:978-0143451426 5349: 5331: 5298: 5275:. New series. 5260: 5231: 5196: 5164: 5153: 5129: 5118: 5091: 5080: 5058: 5032: 5021: 4998: 4991: 4964: 4955: 4944: 4924: 4899: 4872: 4861: 4836: 4825: 4796: 4790:978-1565856370 4789: 4763: 4746:ChakraNews.com 4732: 4725: 4707: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4669: 4650:River region, 4582:in Guangdong ( 4576: 4566: 4553: 4547: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4515: 4512:Fall of Saigon 4501: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4468:Nepaldalitinfo 4465: 4460: 4455: 4453:Lord Buddha TV 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4413:Dalit Buddhism 4410: 4408:Chaitya Bhoomi 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4371:List of Dalits 4369:Main article: 4366: 4365:Notable people 4363: 4340:Joatia Chamars 4309:Dalit feminism 4307:Main article: 4304: 4301: 4252: 4249: 4226:Pitambar Tarai 4122:Jyotirao Phule 4060: 4059: 4018: 4016: 4009: 4000:Main article: 3997: 3994: 3966: 3963: 3950: 3947: 3941: 3938: 3868: 3867: 3852:. Discuss and 3839: 3837: 3830: 3824: 3821: 3741:British Empire 3732: 3731:United Kingdom 3729: 3727: 3724: 3707: 3704: 3700:M. N. Srinivas 3691:Caste politics 3689:Main article: 3686: 3683: 3679:Ramnath Kovind 3627:of 1977–1979, 3605:Congress party 3583:Bangaru Laxman 3533: 3530: 3529: 3528: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3506: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3463: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3422: 3419: 3402:Dalit Panthers 3400:Main article: 3397: 3394: 3382: 3379: 3335: 3332: 3279: 3276: 3272:Putt Jattan De 3264:Putt Chamar De 3172: 3169: 3133: 3130: 3104:Mahar Regiment 3100:Maratha Empire 3071:issued by the 3027: 3024: 3012: 3009: 2978:Main article: 2975: 2972: 2967:Khap Panchayat 2904: 2901: 2883: 2880: 2854: 2851: 2819: 2816: 2804:Madhya Pradesh 2798:and funded by 2787: 2784: 2772:Maratha Empire 2726:forward castes 2703:India, stated 2688:Manmohan Singh 2670: 2669: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2652: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2555:Reverse racism 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2525:Prisoner abuse 2522: 2517: 2515:Power distance 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2433:Ethnic penalty 2430: 2429: 2428: 2426:Neurodiversity 2423: 2413: 2411:Dehumanization 2408: 2403: 2401:Cisnormativity 2398: 2393: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2377:Related topics 2376: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2293: 2292: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2221:State religion 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2157:Nuremberg Laws 2154: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2099:Ghetto benches 2096: 2094:Gerrymandering 2091: 2086: 2081: 2079:Gender pay gap 2076: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1856:Lavender scare 1853: 1851:Kill Haole Day 1848: 1846:Indian rolling 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1732:Eliminationism 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1667:Cancel culture 1664: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1636:Manifestations 1635: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1526:Middle Eastern 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1253:Zoroastrianism 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1180:Untouchability 1177: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 998:Leprosy stigma 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 864: 863: 862: 861: 858: 857: 854: 853: 847: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 815: 814: 809: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 743: 742: 741: 740: 737: 736: 733: 732: 726: 725: 720: 715: 710: 704: 703: 702: 701: 698: 697: 694: 693: 685: 684: 682:Discrimination 678: 677: 666: 663: 615: 612: 552:Communal Award 548:Mahatma Gandhi 537:Jyotirao Phule 502: 499: 449:Andhra Pradesh 420: 419:Regional terms 417: 409:untouchability 380: 377: 373:folk religions 304: 301: 299: 296: 275:Dalit Panthers 269:themselves as 254:Jyotirao Phule 230:Jyotirao Phule 203:B. R. Ambedkar 194: 191: 128:of Japan, the 104:Jyotirao Phule 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16643: 16632: 16629: 16627: 16624: 16622: 16619: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16597: 16594: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16584: 16583: 16581: 16568: 16556: 16546: 16542: 16539: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16466: 16464: 16462: 16457: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16444: 16442: 16438: 16429: 16428: 16427: 16424: 16423: 16421: 16417: 16410: 16409:Nepali Muslim 16407: 16404: 16400: 16397: 16393: 16390: 16387: 16383: 16380: 16378: 16374: 16370: 16366: 16363: 16359: 16355: 16354: 16352: 16350: 16345: 16342: 16338: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16318: 16316: 16312: 16304: 16301: 16300: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16280: 16278: 16275: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16262: 16258: 16254: 16249: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16208:Western Majhi 16206: 16204: 16201: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16182: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16162: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16142: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16117: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16107: 16105: 16103: 16099: 16092: 16087: 16083: 16079: 16075: 16071: 16067: 16063: 16059: 16055: 16054: 16053: 16052: 16050: 16048: 16044: 16038: 16035: 16033: 16030: 16028: 16025: 16023: 16022:Eastern Majhi 16020: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15997: 15996: 15993: 15992: 15990: 15988: 15984: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15966: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15944: 15941: 15940: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15932: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15919: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15907:Lepcha (Rong) 15905: 15903: 15900: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15882: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15857: 15856: 15853: 15849: 15846: 15843: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15832: 15831: 15829: 15828: 15819: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15804: 15801: 15800: 15799: 15796: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15778: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15768: 15766: 15764: 15760: 15754: 15751: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15738: 15736: 15732: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15721: 15720: 15717: 15716: 15714: 15709: 15706: 15704: 15701: 15700: 15698: 15697: 15695: 15693: 15689: 15683: 15680: 15678: 15675: 15673: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15643: 15641: 15639: 15635: 15632: 15628: 15624: 15620: 15616: 15609: 15604: 15602: 15597: 15595: 15590: 15589: 15586: 15574: 15566: 15564: 15556: 15555: 15552: 15546: 15543: 15539: 15536: 15535: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15523:Social stigma 15521: 15517: 15514: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15503: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15470: 15467: 15466: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15393: 15390: 15389: 15388: 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15332: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15297: 15295: 15291: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15213: 15210: 15209: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15168: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15146:State atheism 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15111: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15082:Jim Crow laws 15080: 15079: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15067:One-drop rule 15065: 15063: 15061: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14994: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14982:Blood quantum 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14969: 14967: 14961: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14929:Victimisation 14927: 14925: 14924:Trans bashing 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14894:Religious war 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14874:Racialization 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14824: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14756: 14753: 14752: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14745:Glass ceiling 14743: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14688:Ethnic hatred 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14623:Counter-jihad 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14587: 14584: 14583: 14582: 14579: 14578: 14576: 14572: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14434: 14431: 14430: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14407: 14406:United States 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14393: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14288: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14270: 14269:United States 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14256: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14221: 14219: 14217: 14212: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14190:Protestantism 14188: 14186: 14183: 14179: 14176: 14175: 14174: 14171: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14146: 14145: 14142: 14141: 14140: 14137: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14124: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14105:LDS or Mormon 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14087: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14063: 14059: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14035:Transmisogyny 14033: 14031: 14028: 14027: 14026: 14023: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14010: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13938:Gerontophobia 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13868:Anti-intersex 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13843:Anti-albinism 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13825: 13823: 13819: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13772: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13706: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13684:Institutional 13682: 13681: 13679: 13675: 13671: 13664: 13659: 13657: 13652: 13650: 13645: 13644: 13641: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13618:Superstitions 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13596:Homosexuality 13594: 13593: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13568: 13566: 13562: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13534: 13531: 13530: 13529: 13526: 13525: 13523: 13521: 13517: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13472: 13470: 13468: 13464: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13409: 13407: 13405: 13401: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13371: 13369: 13367: 13363: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13338: 13336: 13334: 13330: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13273:Bride burning 13271: 13269: 13266: 13265: 13263: 13261: 13257: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13206: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13156: 13154: 13150: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13115: 13113: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13088: 13084: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13041: 13038: 13037: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13019: 13016: 13015: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12971: 12967: 12963: 12956: 12951: 12949: 12944: 12942: 12937: 12936: 12933: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12912: 12910: 12906: 12898: 12895: 12894: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12879: 12877: 12873: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12851:Justice Party 12849: 12847: 12846:Dalit Panther 12844: 12842: 12839: 12838: 12836: 12834:Organisations 12832: 12826: 12823: 12822: 12820: 12816: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12786: 12784: 12780: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12743: 12740: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12723: 12721: 12717: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12695:Jat agitation 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12641: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12561: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12544: 12539: 12537: 12532: 12530: 12525: 12524: 12521: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12506: 12495: 12493:81-7304-143-1 12489: 12485: 12481: 12477: 12473: 12467: 12463: 12458: 12454: 12448: 12444: 12439: 12435: 12429: 12425: 12420: 12416: 12414:0-932863-05-1 12410: 12406: 12401: 12397: 12391: 12387: 12382: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12366: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12349: 12345: 12339: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12323: 12321:81-7036-368-3 12317: 12313: 12309: 12305: 12301: 12295: 12291: 12287: 12282: 12278: 12276:81-7304-640-9 12272: 12268: 12263: 12259: 12257:81-250-2656-8 12253: 12249: 12244: 12240: 12234: 12230: 12226: 12221: 12214: 12210: 12206: 12199: 12194: 12190: 12184: 12180: 12175: 12174: 12163: 12157: 12153: 12149: 12148: 12142: 12138: 12132: 12128: 12127: 12121: 12117: 12111: 12107: 12106: 12100: 12096: 12090: 12086: 12085: 12079: 12075: 12069: 12065: 12064: 12058: 12057: 12044: 12038: 12034: 12033: 12025: 12010: 12009: 12004: 11997: 11989: 11983: 11979: 11978: 11970: 11963: 11958: 11951: 11946: 11940:, p. 10. 11939: 11938:Gorringe 2005 11934: 11932: 11924:. p. 54. 11923: 11916: 11908: 11904: 11900: 11896: 11892: 11885: 11870: 11869: 11864: 11857: 11842: 11841: 11836: 11829: 11814: 11813: 11808: 11801: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11771: 11755: 11751: 11745: 11730: 11729: 11724: 11717: 11709: 11703: 11695: 11691: 11685: 11670: 11668:9781315684314 11664: 11660: 11656: 11652: 11648: 11641: 11633: 11629: 11625: 11621: 11617: 11613: 11609: 11605: 11601: 11594: 11579: 11575: 11571: 11567: 11561: 11546: 11542: 11535: 11520: 11516: 11510: 11502: 11498: 11494: 11490: 11487:(22): 55–63. 11486: 11482: 11478: 11471: 11463: 11459: 11455: 11449: 11445: 11444: 11436: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11399:Prose Studies 11396: 11389: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11366: 11352: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11331: 11316: 11309: 11294: 11290: 11283: 11272: 11265: 11258: 11252:, 7 July 1989 11251: 11250: 11246: 11241: 11233: 11229: 11228: 11223: 11217: 11210: 11206: 11205:81-260-1194-7 11202: 11198: 11194: 11191: 11186: 11179: 11175: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11160: 11155: 11148: 11144: 11143:0-313-28778-3 11140: 11136: 11133: 11128: 11120: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11101: 11094: 11086: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11067: 11060: 11052: 11048: 11041: 11026: 11022: 11016: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10986: 10970: 10969: 10964: 10958: 10942: 10938: 10932: 10917: 10913: 10907: 10891: 10887: 10881: 10873: 10869: 10865: 10861: 10857: 10853: 10846: 10838: 10831: 10829: 10812: 10808: 10807: 10801: 10793: 10786: 10781: 10774: 10772: 10755: 10748: 10739: 10732: 10727: 10720: 10715: 10708: 10703: 10695: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10680: 10675: 10669: 10667: 10665: 10648: 10644: 10637: 10630: 10626: 10623:Pimenta, T., 10620: 10604: 10600: 10596: 10590: 10579: 10575: 10569: 10554: 10553: 10548: 10541: 10539: 10537: 10520: 10513: 10497: 10496: 10491: 10484: 10468: 10467: 10462: 10456: 10440: 10436: 10435: 10429: 10421: 10406: 10405: 10400: 10393: 10377: 10376: 10371: 10364: 10362: 10345: 10344: 10339: 10333: 10318:. indianet.nl 10317: 10310: 10294: 10290: 10284: 10268: 10264: 10260: 10254: 10238: 10237: 10232: 10226: 10210: 10209: 10204: 10198: 10190: 10186: 10179: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10138: 10134: 10127: 10119: 10115: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10090: 10075: 10071: 10064: 10049: 10048: 10043: 10036: 10020: 10014: 9998: 9992: 9976: 9975: 9970: 9963: 9947: 9943: 9942: 9937: 9931: 9916: 9912: 9905: 9903: 9887: 9886: 9880: 9873: 9857: 9856:Asian Tribune 9853: 9846: 9838: 9831: 9823: 9822: 9817: 9811: 9803: 9792: 9790:9788170170617 9786: 9782: 9781: 9773: 9765: 9761: 9759:9788170229247 9755: 9751: 9750: 9742: 9734: 9730: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9715: 9707: 9699: 9693: 9685: 9681: 9680: 9672: 9664: 9653: 9651:9788170229247 9647: 9643: 9642: 9634: 9626: 9615: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9600: 9592: 9583: 9567: 9563: 9559: 9553: 9538: 9534: 9527: 9512:. 3 June 2012 9511: 9507: 9501: 9485: 9481: 9475: 9460: 9456: 9449: 9441: 9437: 9431: 9415: 9414:India TV News 9411: 9405: 9397: 9396: 9391: 9384: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9349: 9341: 9340:Mumbai Mirror 9337: 9331: 9315: 9311: 9305: 9289: 9288: 9283: 9277: 9262: 9261: 9256: 9249: 9243: 9237: 9229: 9223: 9215: 9208: 9200: 9193: 9181: 9179: 9170: 9166: 9159: 9151: 9145: 9137: 9133: 9126: 9107: 9103: 9096: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9076: 9069: 9060: 9056: 9049: 9041: 9040: 9032: 9025: 9020: 9013: 9008: 9000: 8996: 8990: 8974: 8970: 8964: 8956: 8947: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8917: 8908: 8899: 8891: 8885: 8881: 8880: 8872: 8865: 8860: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8837: 8835: 8826: 8822: 8820:9781444131017 8816: 8812: 8811: 8803: 8795: 8791: 8785: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8758: 8750: 8739: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8724: 8716: 8708: 8704: 8698: 8683: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8668: 8660: 8652: 8648: 8642: 8638: 8634: 8633: 8625: 8617: 8613: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8598: 8590: 8582: 8578: 8572: 8564: 8560: 8553: 8543: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8515: 8507: 8503: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8488: 8480: 8472: 8468: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8453: 8445: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8403: 8399: 8393: 8377: 8373: 8369: 8362: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8334: 8319: 8318: 8313: 8306: 8290: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8274: 8266: 8262: 8255: 8247: 8243: 8236: 8221: 8214: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8175: 8160: 8159: 8154: 8147: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8116:(2): 91–101. 8115: 8111: 8107: 8100: 8085: 8081: 8074: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8050: 8045: 8038: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8007:(2): 94–106. 8006: 8002: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7983: 7979:S. Gurusamy. 7976: 7961: 7960: 7955: 7949: 7934: 7933: 7928: 7921: 7905: 7904: 7899: 7893: 7878: 7877: 7872: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7859: 7843:. 19 May 2019 7842: 7841: 7836: 7830: 7814: 7813: 7808: 7802: 7787: 7786: 7781: 7774: 7759: 7755: 7748: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7720: 7704: 7700: 7699: 7694: 7688: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7660: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7632: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7611: 7595: 7594: 7589: 7583: 7575: 7574: 7568: 7562: 7547: 7543: 7536: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7516: 7508: 7507: 7501: 7495: 7487: 7483: 7476: 7468: 7464: 7458: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7430: 7414: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7398: 7396: 7380: 7379: 7374: 7367: 7352: 7351: 7346: 7339: 7324: 7323: 7317: 7310: 7294: 7290: 7288: 7283: 7276: 7261: 7260: 7255: 7248: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7219: 7203: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7182: 7178: 7171: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7140: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7117: 7102: 7101: 7095: 7088: 7081: 7078:PRIA (2019): 7075: 7073: 7071: 7062: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7043: 7042: 7033: 7018:. 6 July 2015 7017: 7016: 7011: 7005: 6990: 6986: 6979: 6963: 6959: 6952: 6936: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6915: 6911: 6904: 6896: 6892: 6886: 6871: 6867: 6860: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6840: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6807: 6801: 6785: 6784: 6778: 6772: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6744: 6729: 6725: 6718: 6710: 6706: 6705: 6700: 6693: 6691: 6674: 6673: 6667: 6661: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6644: 6636: 6629: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6591: 6587: 6586: 6581: 6575: 6560: 6556: 6549: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6517: 6502: 6498: 6491: 6483: 6482: 6477: 6470: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6442: 6427: 6423: 6416: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6332: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6308: 6293: 6286: 6280: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6227: 6219: 6215: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6174:. 27 May 2002 6173: 6169: 6163: 6155: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6130:(2): 245–70. 6129: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6112: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6084: 6077: 6066: 6059: 6051: 6045: 6037: 6033: 6027: 6012: 6008: 6001: 5999: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5944: 5929: 5928:Outlook India 5925: 5918: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5883: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5867: 5860: 5852: 5848: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5825: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5780: 5779: 5773: 5766: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5714: 5708: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5688: 5677: 5671: 5669: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5608: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5561: 5552: 5546: 5542: 5541: 5536: 5530: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5495: 5487: 5483: 5477: 5474:. p. 3. 5473: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5456: 5448: 5437: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5418: 5410: 5404: 5400: 5397:. New Delhi: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5352: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5308: 5302: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5269:Fuller, C. J. 5264: 5256: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5178:Express India 5174: 5168: 5160: 5156: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5133: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5095: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5005: 5003: 4994: 4988: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4971: 4969: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4928: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4879: 4877: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4854: 4853: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4792: 4786: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4767: 4752:on 5 May 2018 4751: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4728: 4726:9780520959163 4722: 4718: 4711: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4629:jiuxing yumin 4624: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4516: 4513: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4484: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4443:Deekshabhoomi 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4388:Dalit studies 4386: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4357:Although the 4355: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4315: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4271:Chirag Paswan 4268: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4245:Dominic Jeeva 4242: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4209:Bojja Tarakam 4206: 4202: 4198: 4197:Gogu Shyamala 4194: 4193:Joseph Macwan 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4153:Baburao Bagul 4150: 4146: 4145:Dalit Panther 4142: 4138: 4137:Namdeo Dhasal 4134: 4133:Baburao Bagul 4130: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4056: 4053: 4045: 4042:November 2021 4035: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4019:This section 4017: 4013: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3990:Cisco Systems 3987: 3982: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3955:Romani people 3946: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3924: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3906: 3905:Mazhabi Sikhs 3901: 3897: 3894: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3864: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3845: 3838: 3829: 3828: 3820: 3818: 3817:Lady Thornton 3814: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3790: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3753: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3723: 3719: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3617:Indira Gandhi 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3539: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3418: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3393: 3388: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3256:Punjab Police 3252: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3161:Iyothee Thass 3157: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3115:Valmiki caste 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3033: 3023: 3018: 3008: 3006: 3001: 2998:In 2015, the 2996: 2992: 2987: 2981: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2879: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2811: 2809: 2808:mid-day meals 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2653: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2642: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2609:Social stigma 2607: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2374: 2373: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2243: 2242: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2216:State atheism 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2152:Jim Crow laws 2150: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2137:One-drop rule 2135: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2052:Blood quantum 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2030: 2029: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1993:Victimisation 1991: 1989: 1988:Trans bashing 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1958:Religious war 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1938:Racialization 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1809:Glass ceiling 1807: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1752:Ethnic hatred 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1687:Counter-jihad 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1633: 1632: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1462:United States 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1325:United States 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1238:Protestantism 1236: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1153:LDS or Mormon 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1104: 1103: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1075:Transmisogyny 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 978:Gerontophobia 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 908:Anti-intersex 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 883:Anti-albinism 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 865: 856: 855: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 813: 810: 808: 805: 804: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 744: 735: 734: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 708:Institutional 706: 705: 696: 695: 691: 687: 686: 683: 680: 679: 675: 671: 670: 662: 660: 656: 651: 647: 645: 641: 637: 633: 632:Uttar Pradesh 625: 620: 611: 609: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 584: 581: 576: 572: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 539:(1827–1890). 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 508: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 471: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 433: 432:Adi Karnataka 428: 427: 416: 414: 410: 406: 401: 397: 396:Narsinh Mehta 393: 386: 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 343: 339: 334: 330: 328: 324: 320: 319: 314: 310: 303:Official term 295: 291: 288: 283: 278: 276: 272: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 222: 220: 219:Bhakti period 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 190: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 145: 144:feudal system 141: 137: 133: 132: 127: 126: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 100: 94: 85: 79: 49: 41: 37: 33: 19: 16529: 16528:Unspecified 16484:Rajopadhyaya 16093:Newar Muslim 15838:Newar Muslim 15737:Eastern Rai 15715:Central Rai 15699:Western Rai 15627:Sino-Tibetan 15357:Gender-blind 15244:Human rights 15072:Racial quota 15059: 15039:Jewish quota 15019:Gerontocracy 15014:Gender roles 14992:Disabilities 14977:Blood purity 14949:Wife selling 14939:White flight 14919:Slut-shaming 14899:Scapegoating 14817:Murder music 14490:Palestinians 14433:Anti-Zionism 14301:South Africa 14286:Black people 14264:South Africa 14085:Christianity 14075:Baháʼí Faith 14003:Sectarianism 13943:Heterosexism 13908:Ephebiphobia 13878:Anti-Masonry 13745:Hair texture 13608:Human rights 13564:Other issues 13510:Tuberculosis 13495:Malnutrition 13350: 13333:Caste system 13308:Prostitution 13220:Child labour 13179:Joint family 13169:Dowry system 13159:Cohabitation 13118:Conservation 13072:Unemployment 13067:Urbanisation 13003:Debt bondage 12998:Land reforms 12758:Creamy layer 12730: 12483: 12461: 12442: 12423: 12404: 12385: 12360: 12356: 12333: 12330:Omvedt, Gail 12311: 12308:Omvedt, Gail 12285: 12266: 12247: 12224: 12213:the original 12208: 12204: 12178: 12146: 12125: 12104: 12083: 12062: 12031: 12024: 12014:19 September 12012:. 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Retrieved 11292: 11282: 11271:the original 11257: 11247: 11240: 11232:the original 11225: 11216: 11208: 11192: 11185: 11180:(Biography). 11177: 11173: 11161: 11154: 11146: 11134: 11127: 11110: 11107:Shodhmanthan 11106: 11093: 11079:(3): 27–28. 11076: 11073:Shodhmanthan 11072: 11059: 11050: 11040: 11028:. Retrieved 11024: 11015: 11005:17 September 11003:. Retrieved 10999:the original 10994: 10985: 10973:. Retrieved 10966: 10957: 10945:. Retrieved 10940: 10931: 10919:. Retrieved 10915: 10906: 10894:. Retrieved 10889: 10880: 10855: 10851: 10845: 10815:. Retrieved 10804: 10792: 10783: 10779: 10758:. Retrieved 10747: 10738: 10726: 10719:Ballard 1994 10714: 10707:Ballard 1994 10702: 10678: 10651:. Retrieved 10647:The Guardian 10646: 10636: 10629:Boyes Turner 10628: 10619: 10607:. Retrieved 10603:the original 10598: 10589: 10574:Flood, Gavin 10568: 10556:. Retrieved 10550: 10523:. Retrieved 10512: 10500:. Retrieved 10493: 10483: 10471:. Retrieved 10464: 10455: 10443:. 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Retrieved 4750:the original 4745: 4735: 4716: 4710: 4701: 4692: 4627: 4605: 4601: 4588:Fuzhou Tanka 4383:Dalit League 4356: 4333: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4294: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4264: 4238: 4234:Urmila Pawar 4126: 4063: 4048: 4039: 4028:Please help 4023:verification 4020: 3983: 3979: 3968: 3952: 3943: 3933: 3929: 3927: 3920: 3912: 3891: 3858: 3844:undue weight 3841: 3813:Lord Avebury 3810: 3794:Meena Dhanda 3791: 3787:assimilation 3764: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3737:World War II 3734: 3720: 3715: 3709: 3694: 3660: 3644: 3629: 3593:Jagjivan Ram 3591: 3587: 3577:The rise of 3576: 3564:Nitish Kumar 3556:C. P. Thakur 3545: 3449:Dalit League 3416: 3390: 3387:Dalit Muslim 3375: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3346: 3343: 3334:Christianity 3323: 3302: 3284: 3281: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3253: 3226:In 2003 the 3225: 3222: 3210: 3185: 3180: 3158: 3135: 3123: 3108: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3053:Brahmo Samaj 3050: 3041: 3029: 3020: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2947:human faeces 2934: 2910: 2906: 2893:malnourished 2885: 2872: 2856: 2840: 2821: 2812: 2789: 2761: 2742: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2673: 2443:Gender-blind 2322:Human rights 2142:Racial quota 2129: 2109:Jewish quota 2089:Gerontocracy 2084:Gender roles 2062:Disabilities 2047:Blood purity 2013:Wife selling 2003:White flight 1983:Slut-shaming 1963:Scapegoating 1881:Murder music 1546:Palestinians 1489:Anti-Zionism 1357:South Africa 1342:Black people 1320:South Africa 1133:Christianity 1123:Baháʼí Faith 1043:Sectarianism 983:Heterosexism 948:Ephebiphobia 918:Anti-Masonry 777:Hair texture 655:Paul Diwakar 652: 648: 629: 614:Demographics 605: 599:enacted the 585: 568: 563: 559: 541: 511: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 472: 463: 457: 436: 430: 424: 422: 412: 391: 389: 364: 360: 352: 348: 346: 341: 340:rather than 337: 332: 331: 326: 322: 316: 312: 306: 292: 279: 270: 265: 261: 241: 233: 223: 198: 196: 163:Christianity 148: 129: 123: 119: 47: 46: 36: 16514:Damai/Dholi 16499:Vajracharya 16451:Simantakrit 16340:Other basis 16268:Indus-Ganga 16238:Oraon Sadri 16066:Vajracharya 15881:Raji–Raute 15259:Nonviolence 15254:LGBT rights 15219:Empowerment 15187:Anti-racism 15109:Segregation 15054:No kid zone 14854:Persecution 14767:Hate speech 14718:Gay bashing 14693:Ethnic joke 14648:Dog whistle 14593:Blood libel 14281:Azerbaijani 14185:Neopaganism 14178:Persecution 14144:Persecution 14127:Persecution 14090:Catholicism 14025:Transphobia 14008:Supremacism 13963:Lesbophobia 13883:Aporophobia 13848:Anti-autism 13699:Taste-based 13694:Statistical 13613:Prohibition 13452:Vigilantism 13366:Communalism 13356:Reservation 13288:Eve teasing 13283:Dowry death 13268:Acid attack 13184:Infertility 13110:Environment 13030:Remittances 12856:Ranvir Sena 12782:Commissions 12738:(SC and ST) 12486:. 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The term 193:Terminology 187:reservation 116:fifth varna 16580:Categories 16314:Immigrants 16184:Indo-Aryan 15922:Indo-Aryan 15719:Khambu Rai 15533:Stereotype 15528:Speciesism 15409:Oppression 15404:Oikophobia 15300:Allophilia 15284:Toleration 15141:Sodomy law 15034:Internment 14954:Witch-hunt 14832:Blackhawks 14762:Hate group 14750:Hate crime 14723:Gendercide 14713:Freak show 14703:Excellence 14663:Employment 14633:Defamation 14565:Vietnamese 14560:Venezuelan 14450:Lithuanian 14117:Falun Gong 14052:Xenophobia 14047:Vegaphobia 14030:Non-binary 13988:Pedophobia 13953:Homophobia 13775:Skin color 13735:Disability 13708:Attributes 13689:Structural 13623:Disability 13528:Censorship 13457:Cybercrime 13412:Corruption 13389:Secularism 12866:Karni Sena 12655:Poona Pact 12426:. Zubaan. 10995:Muse India 10760:20 January 10653:20 January 10609:21 October 10502:20 January 10473:20 January 10445:20 January 10437:. London. 10410:20 January 10382:20 January 9516:20 January 9420:11 January 8979:27 January 8936:27 January 8726:. 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