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38:
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Sandhya Kala, each
Sandhya lasting same duration as Satya yuga (1,728,000 solar years), during which the entire earth is submerged in water. Day of Brahma equals 1,000 Mahayugas, the same length for a night of Brahma (Bhagavad-gita 8.17). Brahma lifespan (311.04 trillion solar years) equals 100 360-day years, each 12 months. Parardha is 50 Brahma years and we are in the 2nd half of his life. After 100 years of Brahma, the universe starts with a new Brahma. We are currently in the 28th Kali yuga of the first day of the 51st year of the second Parardha in the reign of the 7th (Vaivasvata) Manu.
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the
Sumerian King List were all later additions added in during the Old Babylonian Period, as the Sumerian King List went through updates and edits. The flood as a watershed in early history of the world was probably a new historiographical concept emerging in the Mesopotamian literary traditions during the Old Babylonian Period, as evident by the fact that the flood motif did not show up in the Ur III copy and that earliest chronographical sources related to the flood show up in the Old Babylonian Period. Chen also concludes that the name of "
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copy of the King List and the duplicate from the
Brockmon collection indicate that the King List Proper once existed independent of mention of the flood and the tradition of before the flood. Essentially, Chen gives evidence to prove that the section of before the flood and references to the flood in
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theorizes that global flood stories may have been inspired by ancient observations of seashells and fish fossils in inland and mountain areas. The ancient Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans all documented the discovery of such remains in such locations; the Greeks hypothesized that Earth had been covered
243:, observations by experts have always indicated that the portion of the Sumerian King List talking about before the flood differs stylistically from the King List Proper. Essentially Old Babylonian copies tend to represent a tradition of before the flood apart from the actual King List, whereas the
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plagued by self contradictions, logical fallacies, basic misunderstandings, misidentified impact evidence, abandoned claims, irreproducible results, questionable protocols, lack of disclosure, secretiveness, failed predictions, contaminated samples, pseudoscientific arguments, physically impossible
1427:
Paraphrased: Mahayuga equals 12,000 Deva (divine) years (4,320,000 solar years). Manvantara equals 71 Mahayugas (306,720,000 solar years). Kalpa (day of Brahma) equals an Adi
Sandhya, 14 Manvantaras, and 14 Sandhya Kalas, where 1st Manvantara preceded by Adi Sandhya and each Manvantara followed by
2173:
However, returned to the subject a year later in a lecture 'About the Cause of the
Universal Deluge' read to the Society on 12 December 1694. Halley advanced a theory of periodic catastrophism; specifically, he suggested—two years before a similar idea was put forward by William Whiston—that the
283:
in order to preserve human and animal life. When the ark is completed, Noah, his family, and representatives of all the animals of the earth are called upon to enter the ark. When the destructive flood begins, all life outside of the ark perishes. After the waters recede, all those aboard the ark
551:
and rose until 8,000 BP when they reached current levels, which are now an average 40 m (130 ft) above the floor of the Gulf, which was a huge (800 km Ă— 200 km, 500 mi Ă— 120 mi) low-lying and fertile region in
Mesopotamia, in which human habitation is
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The Deluge of Noah probably occurred somewhere from eight to eleven thousand years ago. Hence, about twenty thousand years probably intervened between the Drift and the Deluge. These were the 'myriads of years' referred to by Plato, during which mankind dwelt on the great plain of
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ne grande partie des hommes et des animaux, noyée dans ce déluge universel, ou détruite par la violente secousse imprimée au globe terrestre; des espèces entières anéanties; tous les monumens de l'industrie humaine, renversés; tels sont les désastres que le choc d'une comète a dû
2040:
Holliday, Vance T.; Daulton, Tyrone L.; Bartlein, Patrick J.; Boslough, Mark B.; Breslawski, Ryan P.; Fisher, Abigail E.; Jorgeson, Ian A.; Scott, Andrew C.; Koeberl, Christian; Marlon, Jennifer; Severinghaus, Jeffrey; Petaev, Michail I.; Claeys, Philippe (2023-07-26).
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he greater part of men and animals drowned in a universal deluge, or destroyed by the violence of the shock given to the terrestrial globe; whole species destroyed; all the monuments of human industry reversed: such are the disasters which a shock of a comet would
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he greater part of men and animals drowned in a universal deluge, or destroyed by the violence of the shock given to the terrestrial globe; whole species destroyed; all the monuments of human industry reversed: such are the disasters which a shock of a comet would
737:, one commenter noted, "Whiston ascertained that the deluge of Noah came from a comet's tail; but Donnelly has outdone Whiston, for he has shown that our planet has suffered not only from a cometary flood, but from cometary fire, and a cometary rain of stones."
351:
was originally a flood myth, and the harsh winter was added in due to the dry nature of
Eastern Iran, as flood myths did not have as much of an effect as harsh winters. He has argued that the mention of melted water flowing in
1460:
Each manvantara is preceded and followed by a period of 1,728,000 (= 4K) years when the entire earthly universe (bhu-loka) will submerge under water. The period of this deluge is known as manvantara-sandhya (sandhya meaning,
772:
836:
520:. Similar layers have been recorded at other sites as well, all dating to different periods, which would be consistent with the nature of river avulsions. Shuruppak in Mesopotamian legend was the city of
445:
Archaeologist Bruce Masse stated that some of the narratives of a great flood discovered in many cultures around the world may be linked to an oceanic asteroid impact that occurred between Africa and
500:, was flood-prone; and for those experiencing valley-wide inundations, flooding could destroy the whole of their known world. According to the excavation report of the 1930s excavation at
2252:
457:. Among the 175 myths he analyzed were a Hindu myth speaking of an alignment of the five planets at the time, and a Chinese story linking the flood to the end of the reign of Empress
616:
offers a controversial account of long-term flooding; the hypothesis argues for a catastrophic irruption of water about 5600 BCE from the
Mediterranean Sea into the
748:
2444:
Plato states that the
Egyptians told Solon that the destruction of Atlantis occurred 9000 years before that date, to wit, about 9600 years before the Christian era.
1141:
256:" are only developments during that Old Babylonian Period, when also the didactic text was updated with information from the burgeoning Antediluvian Tradition.
215:
1707:
1970:
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Working backward, Whiston noted that one such cosmic encounter occurred in 2342 B.C., which, at the time, was believed to be the date of the great Deluge.
795:
356:
2.24 is a remnant of the flood myth, and mentions that the Indian flood myths originally had their protagonist as Yama, but it was changed to Manu later.
344:
ends by shooting an arrow into a rock, from which a flood springs; one man survives in an ark with his cattle. Norbert
Oettinger argues that the story of
729:. Donnelly, following others before him, attributed the Biblical Flood to this event, which he hypothesized had also resulted in catastrophic fires and
725:, Donnelly argued that an enormous comet struck the Earth around 6,000 BCE to 9,000 BCE, destroying an advanced civilization on the "lost continent" of
1590:
2195:
1805:"A review of Holocene avulsions of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and possible effects on the evolution of civilizations in lower Mesopotamia"
817:
1626:
2263:
399:, advising him to build an ark in order to be saved. After nine nights and days, the water starts receding and the ark lands on a mountain.
2341:
In his book The System of the World, first published in 1796, Laplace speculated that cometary impacts might result in global extinctions.
2100:
677:
in 2342 BCE. Whiston also attributed the origins of the atmosphere and other significant changes in the Earth to the effects of comets.
547:
after sea waters rose following the last glacial period. Global sea levels were about 120 m (390 ft) lower around 18,000
2669:
Lindell, Kristina; Swahn, Jan-Ă–jvind; Tayanin, Damrong (1988). "The Flood: Three Northern Kammu Versions of the Story of Creation". In
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elements from around the world, the story of flood survival and human restart (motif A 1021.0.2 and associated elements) appears in
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offered another proposed natural explanation for flood myths. However, this idea was similarly controversial and has been refuted.
2014:
584:(with an approximate geological date of 1630–1600 BCE), as the myth's historical basis. Although the tsunami hit the South
1493:
2191:"VII. Some cosiderations about the cause of the universal Deluge, laid before the Royal Society, on the 12th of December 1694"
512:
layers at the site were separated by a 60-cm yellow layer of alluvial sand and clay, indicating a flood, like that created by
2621:
Masse, W. B. "The Archaeology and Anthropology of Quaternary Period Cosmic Impact", in Bobrowsky, P., and Rickman, H. (eds.)
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17:
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for 100,000 years. A sudden increase in settlements above the present-day water level is recorded at around 7,500
426:(c. 115,000 – c. 11,700 years ago) are speculated to have inspired myths that survive to this day. Plato's allegory of
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by water on several occasions, citing the seashells and fish fossils found on mountain tops as evidence of this idea.
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through to the Old Babylonian Period, and argues that the flood narrative was only added in texts written during the
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The earliest known hypothesis about a comet that had a widespread effect on human populations can be attributed to
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of the impending flood and gives him detailed instructions for building a boat so that life may survive. Both the
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a flood over the cult-centers; to destroy the seed of mankind; is the decision, the word of the assembly .
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disembark and have Yahweh's promise that he will never judge the earth with a flood again. Yahweh causes a
219:
37:
31:
1587:
1196:
The Sumerian story of the universal Flood resembles the longer version preserved in the Babylonian poems
2740:
2735:
1610:
613:
465:. According to Masse these indications point to the date May 10, 2807 BC. His hypothesis suggests that a
204:)—the oldest surviving example of such a flood-myth narrative, known from tablets found in the ruins of
2413:
1147:
524:, the king who built a boat to survive the coming flood. The alluvial layer dates from around 2900 BC.
2549:
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1938:
The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology in Greek and Roman Times: with a new introduction by the author
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669:
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253:
252:" as a flood hero and the idea of the flood hinted at by that name in the Old Babylonian Version of "
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604:, which continued to prosper, indicating that it had a local rather than a region-wide effect.
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tribe, believe in a flood which altered the course of their history, perhaps occurring in the
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177:, decides to destroy the world with a flood because humans have become too noisy. The god
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had been the result of a near-miss by a comet. The issue was taken up in more detail by
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2489:
2488:. Translated by Andrew R. George (reprinted ed.). London: Penguin Books. 2003 .
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The geography of the Mesopotamian area changed considerably with the filling of the
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1570:"Before Noah: Possible Relics of the Flood-Myth in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Earlier"
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is set over 9,000 years before his time, leading some scholars to suggest that a
292:
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131:
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42:
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1476:
1386:
The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia:Language, Material Culture, and Ethnicity
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with their constant warring. Zeus decides to punish humanity with a flood. The
181:, who had created humans out of clay and divine blood, secretly warns the hero
2336:
1781:
673:(1696) that a comet encounter was the probable cause of the Biblical Flood of
345:
275:
because of the corrupted state of mankind. Yahweh then gives the protagonist,
2709:
2363:
2226:
2186:
2150:
2076:
1836:
1409:
Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units
982:"probably occurred somewhere from eight to eleven thousand years ago" (6,117
827:
652:
521:
462:
450:
280:
194:
89:
2234:
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myth has postulated a large tsunami in the Mediterranean Sea, caused by the
2604:
2217:
2141:
1568:
Oettinger, Norbert (2013). Jamison, S.W.; Melchert, H.C.; Vine, B. (eds.).
1244:
664:
544:
474:
407:
139:
101:
73:
2318:
Cosmic impact: understanding the threat to Earth from asteroids and comets
2168:
1857:
97:
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809:
527:
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477:
around 3000–2800 BCE, and created the 18-mile (29 km) undersea
381:
330:
329:, of the impending flood, and also advises him to build a giant boat. In
209:
182:
2043:"Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH)"
2623:
Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society: An Interdisciplinary Approach
2542:
1588:
http://www.24grammata.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Platon-Timaios.pdf
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Noah's Ark and the Ziusudra Epic, Sumerian Origins of the Flood Myth
1673:
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basin. This has become the subject of considerable discussion. The
427:
403:
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describes a flood myth similar to the earlier versions. In it, the
353:
333:
249:
143:
119:
701:
A similar hypothesis was popularized by Minnesota congressman and
1177:. Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 2006). p. 212.
755:
593:
454:
337:
304:
1627:"Biblical-Type Floods Are Real, and They're Absolutely Enormous"
2039:
1900:"New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis"
782:
759:
597:
466:
442:, an event which could have served as the basis for the story.
341:
322:
318:
315:
268:
244:
205:
127:
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flood story from an illustration by R. C. Armour, in his book
592:, it did not affect cities in the mainland of Greece, such as
160:. Many scholars believe that this account was copied from the
80:. Parallels are often drawn between the flood waters of these
993:
589:
470:
458:
395:, who had created humans from clay, tells the secret plan to
360:
174:
69:
65:
46:
1574:
Proceedings of the 24th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference
1163:
1079:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. pp. 23, 218, 224, 238.
485:, and generated a giant tsunami that flooded coastal lands.
1093:
674:
385:
276:
178:
61:
1960:
Castleden, Rodney (2001) "Atlantis Destroyed" (Routledge).
2679:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 279.
1379:"Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres"
983:
92:, as the flood waters are described as a measure for the
1751:
Select Notes on the International Sabbath School Lessons
1143:
Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
231:
Academic Yi Samuel Chen analyzed various texts from the
787:
North American Indian Fairy Tales, Folklore and Legends
2637:
Nga Korero a Pita Kapiti: The Teachings of Pita Kapiti
1215:
Black, Jeremy, Cunningham, G. Robson, E. Zolyomi, G.
271:, who had created man out of the dust of the ground,
2698:
A 1021.0.2 Escape from deluge in wooden cask (drum)
1051:
1027:
Flood | The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
865:
2668:
2639:. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, 1997.
1442:"Ch. 20: The Cosmic Flow of Time as per Scriptures"
169:, which dates to the 18th century BCE. In the
2561:, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1988.
2418:. New York, D. Appleton and Company. p. 404.
1689:"Did an Asteroid Impact Cause an Ancient Tsunami?"
1612:Early Days Among the Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians
1171:; Zólyomi, Gábor, eds. (2004). "The Flood story".
663:, a protégé of and popularizer of the theories of
208:in the late 1890s and translated by assyriologist
30:"Great Flood" redirects here. For other uses, see
27:Motif in which a great flood destroys civilization
2253:"Why Newton Believed a Comet Caused Noah's Flood"
2091:"John Martin (1789-1854) - The Eve of the Deluge"
996:'s timeline and gave a date of 9,600 BCE (11,550
340:tries to destroy the world with a drought, which
2707:
2123:"Halley and the eternity of the world revisited"
1971:'Noah's Flood' Not Rooted in Reality, After All?
1686:
1653:. Season 1. Episode 5. 2018. 42–45 minutes in.
2553:. Vol. VII (9th ed.). pp. 54–57.
2196:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
104:, who "represents the human craving for life".
2625:Berlin, Springer Press, 2007. pp. 25–70.
1754:. Boston: W. A. Wilde and Company. p. 157
1259:
959:, who lived sometime between 1300 and 1000 BC.
607:
2609:Atra-hasis: The Babylonian Story of the Flood
1439:
1411:. Springer Series in Materials Science: 122.
715:(1883), which followed his better-known book
535:rose dramatically in the millennia after the
2513:, University of South Carolina Press, 1989.
2449:
1989:"Noah's flood kick-started European farming"
1851:
1705:
1488:
2600:. Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, 1956.
1986:
1786:University of Pennsylvania's Museum Journal
935:flood myth contains some material that the
2321:. London: Icon Books, Limited. p. 8.
2281:
1667:
1407:; Parisi, Jurgen; Warlimont, Hans (eds.).
1305:. Cambridge University Press. p. 30.
951:points out that the modern version of the
2216:
2158:
2140:
2066:
1940:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1567:
1276:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199676200.001.0001
1136:
2632:A.H. & A.W. Reed, Wellington, 1963.
2455:
2432:
2408:
2012:
1802:
1747:
1522:Encyclopaedia of Hinduism: C–G, Volume 2
1356:
1298:
766:'s boat after having defeated the demon.
631:
526:
438:could have been wiped out by the rising
214:
36:
2380:
2352:
2247:
2120:
1881:"Lost Civilization Under Persian Gulf?"
1779:
1446:Meet the Ancient Scriptures of Hinduism
1023:
692:), first published in 1796, he stated:
552:thought to have been strong around the
461:. Fourteen flood myths refer to a full
111:occurs in many cultures, including the
14:
2708:
2537:
2484:
2287:
2185:
1670:"Adding up the risks of cosmic impact"
1525:. Sarup & Sons. pp. 401–402.
1518:
1376:
1325:
1111:
1099:
1057:
563:
288:to form as the sign of this promise.
154:One example of a flood myth is in the
1935:
1605:
1545:
1398:
1069:
2415:Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
2296:from the original on 25 January 2021
1897:
1708:"Did a Comet Cause the Great Flood?"
1336:: Liturgical press. pp. 49–51.
1265:
986:to 9,117 BCE); in his previous book
971:Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
712:Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
643:, 1840. Depicts a comet causing the
307:contain the story of a great flood,
222:, who discovered and translated the
2314:
1076:The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic
830:, 1840. Oil on canvas. Tate Gallery
733:. Shortly after the publication of
24:
2503:
2028:mechanisms, and misrepresentations
1898:Rose, Jeffrey I. (December 2010),
1764:... the flood ... extended to all
1629:. DiscoverMagazine.com. 2012-08-29
1388:. Boston: De Gruyter. p. 136.
850:Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts
100:. Most flood myths also contain a
25:
2752:
1987:Sarah Hoyle (November 18, 2007).
1748:Peloubet, Francis Nathan (1880).
1687:Sandra Blakeslee (Nov 14, 2006).
1219:, Oxford University Press, 2004.
852:in Istanbul, dedicated to Sultan
434:society which lived close to the
2439:Atlantis: The Antediluvian World
1867:The Ancient Near East: A History
989:Atlantis: The Antediluvian World
882:
868:
835:
816:
794:
771:
747:
718:Atlantis: The Antediluvian World
96:of humanity, in preparation for
2661:
2426:
2402:
2374:
2346:
2308:
2241:
2179:
2114:
2103:from the original on 2021-04-29
2083:
2068:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104502
2033:
2006:
1980:
1963:
1954:
1929:
1891:
1873:
1796:
1773:
1740:
1722:
1699:
1680:
1661:
1640:
1619:
1599:
1580:
1561:
1539:
1512:
1482:
1466:
1433:
1392:
1370:
1366:. pp. 216–218 (1:8:1:1–6).
1350:
1319:
1292:
1229:
1217:The Literature of Ancient Sumer
1209:
1174:The Literature of Ancient Sumer
962:
622:Younger Dryas impact hypothesis
2653:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
2511:Noah, the Person and the Story
2359:Exposition Du SystĂŞme Du Monde
2121:Levitin D (4 September 2013).
1268:The Primeval Flood Catastrophe
1157:
1130:
1105:
1063:
1017:
942:
925:
686:Exposition Du SystĂŞme Du Monde
504:(modern Tell Fara, Iraq), the
488:
417:
149:
45:'s illustrated edition of the
41:"The Deluge", frontispiece to
13:
1:
2013:Boslough, Mark (March 2023).
1706:Scott Carney (Nov 15, 2007).
1586:Plato's Timaeus. Greek text:
1401:"Ch. 1.2.4 Time Measurements"
913:
655:, who in 1694 suggested that
518:Tigris–Euphrates river system
370:
300:
198:
2362:(in French). Paris, France:
2174:Flood was caused by a comet.
1803:Morozova, Galina S. (2005).
496:, like other early sites of
193:are preceded by the similar
32:Great Flood (disambiguation)
7:
2461:"Ignatius Donnelly's Comet"
1782:"Excavations at Fara, 1931"
1668:Alan Boyle (Feb 24, 2000).
1270:. Oxford University Press.
1030:. Oxford University Press.
861:
614:Black Sea deluge hypothesis
608:Black Sea deluge hypothesis
10:
2757:
2630:Treasury of Maori Folklore
2571:Faulkes, Anthony (trans.)
2478:
1730:"Ancient Crash, Epic Wave"
1498:. SUNY Press. p. 97.
1440:Krishnamurthy, V. (2019).
1384:. In George Erdosy (ed.).
1363:Satapatha Brahmana, Part 1
1148:Princeton University Press
576:Speculation regarding the
516:, a process common in the
422:Floods in the wake of the
273:decides to flood the earth
29:
1326:Cotter, David W. (2003).
1299:Davidson, Robert (1973).
1000:) for the destruction of
992:(1882) Donnelly followed
670:A New Theory of the Earth
667:, who argued in his book
627:
303:6th century BCE) and the
254:Instructions of Shuruppak
233:Early Dynastic III Period
1975:National Geographic News
1936:Mayor, Adrienne (2011).
1377:Witzel, Michael (1995).
1266:Chen, Yi Samuel (2013).
804:, by anonymous painter,
279:, instructions to build
88:which appear in certain
2635:Reedy, Anaru (trans.),
2550:Encyclopædia Britannica
2387:The System of the World
1780:Schmidt, Erich (1931).
1672:. MSNBC. Archived from
1647:"Legends of Atlantis".
1334:Collegeville, Minnesota
1241:University of Hong Kong
1112:Finkel, Irving (2014).
1024:Leeming, David (2004).
898:Bølling–Allerød warming
690:The System of the World
449:, around the time of a
142:flood stories, and the
136:Genesis flood narrative
2589:Greenway, John (ed.),
2218:10.1098/RSTL.1724.0023
2142:10.1098/RSNR.2013.0019
2096:Royal Collection Trust
1519:Sehgal, Sunil (1999).
1490:Klostermaier, Klaus K.
1405:Osgood, Richard M. Jr.
1167:; Cunningham, Graham;
1102:, pp. ii, xxiv–v.
740:
699:
648:
540:
228:
49:
2726:Comparative mythology
2611:, Eisenbrauns, 1999.
2486:The Epic of Gilgamesh
2047:Earth-Science Reviews
1863:William Kelly Simpson
1695:. The New York Times.
1399:Gupta, S. V. (2010).
694:
637:The Eve of the Deluge
635:
530:
498:riverine civilisation
412:Missouri River Valley
382:Bronze race of humans
325:warns the first man,
239:. With regard to the
237:Old Babylonian Period
218:
76:, often in an act of
72:or deities, destroys
40:
2598:Polynesian Mythology
2591:The Primitive Reader
2575:(Snorri Sturluson).
2539:Cheyne, Thomas Kelly
2189:(31 December 1724).
1993:University of Exeter
1904:Current Anthropology
1766:the then known world
1555:Grosset & Dunlap
1495:A Survey of Hinduism
937:Gilgamesh flood myth
842:Noah's Ark from the
806:The vom Rath bequest
707:Ignatius L. Donnelly
682:Pierre-Simon Laplace
537:Last Glacial Maximum
384:angers the high god
295:, texts such as the
171:Gilgamesh flood myth
68:, usually sent by a
18:Universal Flood Myth
2603:Lambert, W. G. and
2557:Dundes, Alan (ed.)
2258:National Geographic
2209:1724RSPT...33..118H
2059:2023ESRv..24704502H
1977:, February 6, 2009.
1821:2005Gearc..20..401M
1736:. 14 November 2006.
1655:National Geographic
1615:. pp. 147–148.
1403:. In Hull, Robert;
1138:Pritchard, James B.
1114:The Ark Before Noah
978:suggested that the
903:List of flood myths
564:Mediterranean Basin
424:Last Glacial Period
406:, a North American
173:, the highest god,
2741:Jemdet Nasr period
2736:Mesopotamian myths
2593:, Folkways, 1965.
2577:Everyman's Library
2366:. pp. 61–62.
2288:Meehan RL (1999).
1887:, December 8, 2010
1734:The New York Times
1693:The New York Times
1593:2018-10-24 at the
1576:. Bremen: 169–183.
1557:. pp. 128–29.
845:Zubdat al-Tawarikh
649:
541:
297:Satapatha Brahmana
241:Sumerian King List
229:
78:divine retribution
50:
2509:Bailey, Lloyd R.
2328:978-1-78578-493-4
2290:"Whiston's Flood"
2128:Notes and Records
1829:10.1002/gea.20057
1505:978-0-7914-7082-4
1285:978-0-19-967620-0
1202:Epic of Gilgamesh
1071:Tigay, Jeffrey H.
953:Epic of Gilgamesh
703:pseudoarchaeology
657:a worldwide flood
483:Fenambosy Chevron
473:crashed into the
436:Mediterranean Sea
225:Epic of Gilgamesh
187:Epic of Gilgamesh
157:Epic of Gilgamesh
84:and the primeval
64:in which a great
16:(Redirected from
2748:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2665:
2642:Like many other
2554:
2546:
2523:Best, Robert M.
2499:
2473:
2472:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2430:
2424:
2423:
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2400:
2399:
2390:. Translated by
2378:
2372:
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2350:
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2343:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2261:. Archived from
2245:
2239:
2238:
2220:
2203:(383): 118–123.
2183:
2177:
2176:
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2144:
2118:
2112:
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2019:Skeptic Magazine
2010:
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1855:
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1719:
1714:. Archived from
1703:
1697:
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1684:
1678:
1677:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1650:Drain the Oceans
1644:
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1551:Man and His Gods
1543:
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1464:
1463:
1448:. Notion Press.
1437:
1431:
1430:
1415:. pp. 7–8.
1396:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1358:Eggeling, Julius
1354:
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1347:
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1316:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1247:on 28 March 2023
1243:. Archived from
1237:"Yi Samuel Chen"
1233:
1227:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1193:
1191:
1165:Black, Jeremy A.
1161:
1155:
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1055:
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1021:
1005:
966:
960:
957:Sîn-lēqi-unninni
955:was compiled by
949:Andrew R. George
946:
940:
929:
892:
887:
886:
878:
876:Mythology portal
873:
872:
871:
839:
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453:, that caused a
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109:flood-myth motif
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2504:Further reading
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1595:Wayback Machine
1585:
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1547:Smith, Homer W.
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1162:
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1140:, ed. (1969) .
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890:Religion portal
888:
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831:
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802:The Great Flood
799:
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752:
743:
661:William Whiston
630:
610:
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491:
420:
373:
293:Hindu mythology
202: 1600 BCE
201:
152:
132:Greek mythology
35:
28:
23:
22:
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12:
11:
5:
2754:
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2685:
2676:The Flood Myth
2659:
2658:
2657:
2648:Stith Thompson
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2605:Millard, A. R.
2601:
2594:
2587:
2569:
2559:The Flood Myth
2555:
2544:"Deluge"
2535:
2521:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2448:
2442:. p. 29.
2425:
2401:
2394:. p. 64.
2373:
2345:
2327:
2315:May A (2019).
2307:
2280:
2251:(2016-12-30).
2240:
2178:
2135:(4): 315–329.
2113:
2082:
2032:
2005:
1979:
1962:
1953:
1947:978-0691058634
1946:
1928:
1916:10.1086/657397
1910:(6): 849–883,
1890:
1872:
1850:
1815:(4): 401–423.
1809:Geoarchaeology
1795:
1772:
1739:
1721:
1718:on 2023-02-09.
1698:
1679:
1676:on 2006-02-03.
1660:
1639:
1618:
1607:Seger, John H.
1598:
1579:
1560:
1538:
1531:
1511:
1504:
1481:
1477:Britannica.com
1465:
1454:
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1284:
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1183:
1156:
1150:. p. 44.
1129:
1122:
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1092:
1085:
1062:
1060:, p. xxx.
1050:
1036:
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908:Sea level rise
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753:
746:
742:
739:
731:climate change
629:
626:
609:
606:
582:Thera eruption
570:Adrienne Mayor
568:The historian
565:
562:
514:river avulsion
510:Early Dynastic
490:
487:
479:Burckle Crater
419:
416:
374: 360 BCE
314:, wherein the
265:9th century BC
259:In the Hebrew
151:
148:
90:creation myths
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2753:
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2721:Catastrophism
2719:
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2686:9780520063532
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2585:0-460-87616-3
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2519:0-87249-637-6
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2267:on 2021-09-20
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2015:"Apocalypse!"
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2269:. Retrieved
2264:the original
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2105:. Retrieved
2094:
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2025:(1): 51–59.
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1998:17 September
1996:. Retrieved
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1716:the original
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112:
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102:culture hero
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2716:Flood myths
2667:Quoted in:
2434:Donnelly IL
2410:Donnelly IL
1100:George 2003
1058:George 2003
810:Rijksmuseum
721:(1882). In
645:Great Flood
641:John Martin
506:Jemdet Nasr
494:Mesopotamia
489:Mesopotamia
418:Historicity
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267:), the god
210:Arno Poebel
183:Utnapishtim
150:Mythologies
58:deluge myth
2731:Megafloods
2710:Categories
2692:5 February
2457:Winchell A
2382:Laplace PS
2354:Laplace PS
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2271:2021-11-14
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914:References
824:The Deluge
586:Aegean Sea
554:Gulf Oasis
447:Antarctica
393:Prometheus
369:, written
310:manvantara
191:Atra-Hasis
166:Atra-Hasis
114:manvantara
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2644:folk-tale
2596:Grey, G.
2465:The Forum
2421:Atlantis.
2369:produire.
2249:Strauss M
2227:0261-0523
2169:Q94018436
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1845:129452555
1837:1520-6548
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1012:Citations
939:does not.
919:Footnotes
854:Murad III
779:Nanabozho
618:Black Sea
578:Deucalion
533:sea level
502:Shuruppak
440:sea level
432:Stone Age
397:Deucalion
124:Deucalion
94:cleansing
2579:, 1987.
2541:(1878).
2527:, 1999,
2459:(1887).
2436:(1882).
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2397:produce.
2384:(1809).
2356:(1796).
2294:Archived
2231:Wikidata
2187:Halley E
2165:Wikidata
2101:Archived
1865:(1971).
1758:29 April
1746:Compare:
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1549:(1952).
1492:(2007).
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1360:(1882).
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354:Videvdad
334:Mazdaism
312:-sandhya
250:Ziusudra
162:Akkadian
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120:Hinduism
116:-sandhya
2673:(ed.).
2479:Sources
2205:Bibcode
2160:3826193
2055:Bibcode
1817:Bibcode
1329:Genesis
974:(1883)
856:in 1583
848:in the
756:avatara
754:Matsya-
705:writer
594:Mycenae
455:tsunami
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366:Timaeus
338:Ahriman
321:of the
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760:Vishnu
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600:, and
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994:Plato
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639:, by
590:Crete
471:comet
459:Nu Wa
390:Titan
361:Plato
175:Enlil
82:myths
70:deity
66:flood
60:is a
56:or a
47:Bible
2694:2021
2681:ISBN
2613:ISBN
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2573:Edda
2563:ISBN
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2490:ISBN
2333:OCLC
2323:ISBN
2302:2019
2223:ISSN
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2073:ISSN
2000:2010
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