20:
91:, shifts in political thought led to increased federal involvement in education. The pre-war tradition of local funding of and control over education clashed with a push from reformers for increased state and federal educational leadership. Additionally, the creation of social science associations generated interest in data-driven approaches to governance at all levels.
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educational statistics had already begun in parts of Europe. The Office of
Education was created to meet the need to gather statistical information on the fast-growing educational institutions of the United States, along with histories and descriptive articles, pamphlets, reports and books, often in coordination with state universities. Reformers (especially
219:. It had no power to control the actions of educational institutions. At times during its first decades of its existence, attempts were made to change its name. These names (Board, Department, Office, and Bureau) were considered. In 1873, a bill (H. R. 3782) was introduced which would change its name to the Bureau of Education and Statistics.
204:) hoped that the Office would become a powerful federal agency, but were frustrated at every turn by Congress, which did not or want to trespass on the right of the states and local jurisdictions in the cities, towns and counties to control educational policy - the time of "states' rights" was still in full sway, despite the recent
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The Office of
Education had a unifying influence on the different educational institutions of the United States, caused by supplying the leaders of the institutions with information that enabled them to know of the practices of other institutions. The direct organizational descendant of the Office of
208:, and it would take several other domestic and foreign crises in the coming decades to bring a sense of a more centralized and national policy to the forefront to make up for increasingly embarrassing shortfalls in comparison between America and overseas educational programs, especially in Europe.
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The original non-Cabinet-level
Department of Education was created to provide educational information to the state and local education authorities (many of which had already been established and created during the preceding decades on the state, city, town and county levels). The collecting of
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introduced a bill for the establishment, through the aid of public land grants, of State colleges throughout the country primarily for the teaching of agriculture and the mechanical arts. On Monday, February 1, 1858, a petition of the
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was presented to the Senate "praying that a donation of land be made to each of the States for the establishment of agricultural colleges." Neither of the proposals was accepted until the time of the 16th
President, with the
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in which there had already been historically established a direct and prominent national
Federal role and obligation towards the treatment and education of Indians as well as all of the facilities in all of the other places.
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234:), other governmental officials and certain other persons. In 1875, 20,000 copies of the Report for 1874 were printed; 5,000 copies for the use of members of the
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administration (1861–65), after which it became necessary to gather information on the many schools already in existence, as well as on those being built.
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In 1972, Public Law 92-318 provided the repeal of the law which had created the Office of
Education. The repeal took effect on July 1, 1972.
151:, the 34th chief executive. Barnard's personal book collection, later purchased by the Bureau, was the nucleus of what would become the
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327:"From Civic Imperative to Bird's-Eye View: Renegotiating the Idioms of Education Governance during the Reconstruction Era"
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The Office gathered information on diverse educational facilities such as those being built (i.e. the famous
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was required to prepare a Report annually, which was printed and given to members of
Congress (
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from 1870 to 1929), where it would remain until 1939 when transferred to the newly created
71:
8:
278:(NCES), part of the Institute of Education Sciences in the U.S. Department of Education.
254:
120:
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at the
National Library of Education website. 3 April 2006. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
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at the
National Library of Education website. 3 April 2006. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
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at the
National Library of Education website. 3 April 2006. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
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in 1867. On June 30, 1869, the Department lost its independent status and became the
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who remained Commissioner until 1886. In 1870, the unit began to be called the
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Addresses and Proceedings - National Education Association of the United States
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473:
461:
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103:, using the same titles as another unit which it superseded. Educator
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489:
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450:"The History of the NLE: Office of Education Library – Early Years"
128:
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from 1867 to 1972. It is now separated into and succeeded by the
474:"The History of the NLE: Library Consolidation – The HEW Library"
462:"The History of the NLE: Reorganized Office of Education Library"
257:) to bring an education and vocational/agricultural training to
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within the Department of the Interior (and temporarily renamed
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The Bureau, and later Office, of Education was a unit of the
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in 1929. By 1979, under the administration of 39th President
155:. Barnard resigned on March 15, 1870, and was replaced by
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was largely responsible for Congress creating the Office.
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United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
305:
United States Department of Health and Human Services
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Copy of 1867 Department of Education Act As Enacted
490:Archived: National Library of Education - History
557:Defunct agencies of the United States government
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141:U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
99:The Office was created on March 2, 1867, as the
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238:, 10,000 copies for the use of members of the
523:Bureau of Education Government Documents at
181:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
163:. The Bureau reverted to the original name
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572:1972 disestablishments in the United States
26:poster promoting the Bureau of Education's
510:"Education, United States Bureau of"
215:, therefore it was under the aegis of the
562:History of education in the United States
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171:, old H.E.W. was split with a continuing
567:1867 establishments in the United States
525:Texas Tech University, from 1870 to 2013
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276:National Center for Education Statistics
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113:United States Commissioner of Education
60:Department of Health and Human Services
16:U.S. education agency from 1867 to 1972
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147:and his newly inaugurated successor,
56:United States Department of Education
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143:in April 1953, under 33rd President
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325:Steudeman, Michael J. (May 2018).
179:was set off along with a separate
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247:Carlisle Indian Industrial School
202:Progressive and liberal Democrats
383:Dictionary of American Biography
50:of the United States within the
28:United States School Garden Army
213:U.S. Department of the Interior
77:Ohio State Board of Agriculture
52:U.S. Department of the Interior
542:New International Encyclopedia
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331:History of Education Quarterly
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135:, until the setting-up of the
131:" programs of 32nd President,
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253:in the east and near western
177:U. S. Department of Education
153:National Library of Education
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7:
377:Bowerman, Sarah G. (1935).
111:was appointed as the first
10:
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502:Seven pages of information
408:Wilson, J. Ormond (1900).
137:Presidential Cabinet-level
46:, was a small unit in the
224:Commissioner of Education
217:Secretary of the Interior
95:Inception and development
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240:House of Representatives
38:, at times known as the
507:John H. Cornyn (1920).
125:Federal Security Agency
101:Department of Education
40:Department of Education
516:Encyclopedia Americana
266:Dissolution and legacy
251:Carlisle, Pennsylvania
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165:"Office of Education"
161:"Bureau of Education"
133:Franklin D. Roosevelt
70:In 1857, Congressman
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537:38th-43rd Congresses
183:, also still in the
149:Dwight D. Eisenhower
198:Radical Republicans
121:Bureau of Education
117:Office of Education
44:Bureau of Education
36:Office of Education
344:10.1017/heq.2018.3
127:(F.S.A.), in the "
48:Federal Government
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410:"Zalmon Richards"
379:"Zalmon Richards"
274:Education is the
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255:reservations
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424:October 29,
393:October 29,
300:separated:
290:, (1953–79)
551:Categories
484:References
282:Successors
157:John Eaton
66:Background
353:0018-2680
206:Civil War
191:Functions
89:Civil War
420:: 713–15
389:: 561–62
129:New Deal
58:and the
42:and the
531:Sources
185:Cabinet
82:Lincoln
72:Morrill
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236:Senate
30:(1918)
312:Notes
426:2014
395:2014
349:ISSN
230:and
222:The
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34:The
339:doi
249:at
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