Military Government of the Philippine Islands

792:; which would have provided a limited U.S. empire of pinpoint colonies to support a global fleet and provide communication links. In Paris, the commission was besieged with advice, particularly from American generals and European diplomats, to demand the entire Philippine archipelago. The unanimous recommendation was that "it would certainly be cheaper and more humane to take the entire Philippines than to keep only part of it." On October 28, 1898, McKinley wired the commission that "cessation of Luzon alone, leaving the rest of the islands subject to Spanish rule, or to be the subject of future contention, cannot be justified on political, commercial, or humanitarian grounds. The cessation must be the whole archipelago or none. The latter is wholly inadmissible, and the former must therefore be required." The Spanish negotiators were furious over the "immodist demands of a conqueror", but their wounded pride was assuaged by an offer of twenty million dollars for "Spanish improvements" to the islands. The Spaniards capitulated, and on December 10, 1898, the U.S. and Spain signed the 993:, who had been commissioned by the Philippine Revolutionary Government as Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties with foreign governments and had attempted to be seated at the negotiations between the US and Spain in Paris, was now in Washington. On January 6, he filed a request for an interview with the President to discuss affairs in the Philippines. The next day, the government officials were surprised to learn that messages to Otis to deal mildly with the rebels and not to force a conflict had become known to Agoncillo and had been cabled by him to Aguinaldo. At the same time, Aguinaldo's protest against General Otis signing himself "Military Governor of the Philippines" arrived. On January 8, Agoncillo stated, "In my opinion the Filipino people, whom I represent, will never consent to become a colony dependency of the United States. The soldiers of the Filipino army have pledged their lives that they will not lay down their arms until General Aguinaldo tells them to do so, and they will keep that pledge, I feel confident." 1221:

occupation, therefore, is the idea of a free, self-governing, and united Philippine commonwealth at all conceivable. And the indispensable need from the Filipino point of view of maintaining American sovereignty over the archipelago is recognized by all intelligent Filipinos and even by those insurgents who desire an American protectorate. The latter, it is true, would take the revenues and leave us the responsibilities. Nevertheless, they recognize the indubitable fact that the Filipinos cannot stand alone. Thus the welfare of the Filipinos coincides with the dictates of national honour in forbidding our abandonment of the archipelago. We cannot from any point of view escape the responsibilities of government which our sovereignty entails; and the commission is strongly persuaded that the performance of our national duty will prove the greatest blessing to the peoples of the Philippine Islands."

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nations, gave me the right to act without observing the usual rules of intercourse. Nevertheless, in order to be correct to the end, I sent to General Otis commissioners charged to solicit him to desist from his rash enterprise, but they were not listened to. My government can not remain indifferent in view of such a violent and aggressive seizure of a portion of its territory by a nation which arrogated to itself the title champion of oppressed nations. Thus it is that my government is disposed to open hostilities if the American troops attempt to take forcible possession of the Visayan Islands. I denounce these acts before the world, in order that the conscience of mankind may pronounce its infallable verdict as to who are the true oppressors of nations and the tormentors of human kind."

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reported to me by General MacArthur, whom I directed to communicate with the officer in command of the insurgent troops concerned. His prepared letter was shown me and approved, and the reply received was all that could be desired. However, the agreement was ignored by the insurgents and on the evening of February 4 another demonstration was made on one of our small outposts, which occupied a retired position at least 150 yards within the line which had been mutually agreed upon, an insurgent approaching the picket and refusing to halt or answer when challenged. The result was that our picket discharged his piece, when the insurgent troops near Santa Mesa opened a spirited fire on our troops there stationed.

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cloak of pretense of friendliness to the United States was to be kept up until the last. While commissioners were appointed to negotiate with General Otis, secret societies were organized in Manila pledged to obey orders of the most barbarous character to kill and burn. The attack from without and the attack from within was to be on a set day and hour. The strained situation could not last. The spark was applied, either inadvertently or by design, on the 4th of February by an insurgent, willfully transgressing upon what, by their own admission, was within the agreed limits of the holding of the American troops. Hostilities resulted and the war was an accomplished fact."

847: 909: 1420: 572: 1070: 1435: 937: 1056: 1265:, was granted legislative and limited executive powers. On September 1, the Taft Commission began to exercise legislative functions. Between September 1900 and August 1902, it issued 499 laws; established a judicial system, including a supreme court; drew up a legal code; and organized a civil service. The 1901 municipal code provided for popularly elected presidents, vice presidents, and councilors to serve on municipal boards. Members of the municipal boards were responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining municipal properties, undertaking necessary construction projects, and electing provincial governors. 1274: 701: 5083: 722:. The negotiating parties made a secret agreement to stage a mock battle in which the Spanish forces would be defeated by the American forces, but the Filipino forces would not be allowed to enter the city. This plan minimized the risk of unnecessary casualties on all sides, while the Spanish would also avoid the shame of possibly having to surrender Intramuros to the Filipino forces. On the eve of the mock battle, General Anderson telegraphed Aguinaldo, "Do not let your troops enter Manila without the permission of the American commander. On this side of the Pasig River you will be under fire." 1016:

attitude was well illustrated by this extract from a telegram sent by Colonel Cailles to Aguinaldo on January 10, 1899: "Most urgent. An American interpreter has come to tell me to withdraw our forces in Maytubig fifty paces. I shall not draw back a step, and in place of withdrawing, I shall advance a little farther. He brings a letter from his general, in which he speaks to me as a friend. I said that from the day I knew that Maquinley (McKinley) opposed our independence I did not want any dealings with any American. War, war, is what we want. The Americans after this speech went off pale."

923: 726: 881: 774: 751:, and the virtually impregnable walls of Intramuros. In accordance with the plan, the Spanish forces withdrew while U.S. forces advanced. Once a sufficient show of battle had been made, Dewey hoisted the signal "D.W.H.B." (meaning "Do you surrender?), whereupon the Spanish hoisted a white flag and Manila was formally surrendered to U.S. forces. This battle marked the end of Filipino-American collaboration, as the American action of preventing Filipino forces from entering the captured city of Manila was deeply resented by the Filipinos. This later led to the 978:, the official newspaper of the Philippine Republic: "As in General Otis's proclamation he alluded to some instructions edited by His Excellency the President of the United States, referring to the administration of the matters in the Philippine Islands, I in the name of God, the root and fountain of all justice, and that of all the right which has been visibly granted to me to direct my dear brothers in the difficult work of our regeneration, protest most solemnly against this intrusion of the United States Government on the sovereignty of these islands. 895: 1327: 864: 1170: 6045: 5429: 4820: 5076: 1251: 796:, formally ending the Spanish–American War. In Article III, Spain ceded the Philippine archipelago to the United States, as follows: "Spain cedes to the United States the archipelago known as the Philippine Islands, and comprehending the islands lying within the following line: . The United States will pay to Spain the sum of twenty million dollars ($ 20,000,000) within three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty." 6055: 1095:

they were not completely prepared to assume the initiative. They desired two or three days more to perfect their arrangements, but the zeal of their army brought on the crisis which anticipated their premeditated action. They could not have delayed long, however, for it was their object to force an issue before American troops, then en route, could arrive in Manila.

1302:, which provided the President with the legislative authority to establish a civil government in the Philippines. Until then, the President had been administering the Philippines by virtue of his war powers. On July 1, 1901, civil government was inaugurated, with Taft as the Civil Governor. On February 3, 1903, the US Congress changed the title of 1094:

The insurgents had thus succeeded in drawing the fire of a small outpost, which they had evidently labored with all their ingenuity to accomplish, in order to justify in some way their premeditated attack. It is not believed that the chief insurgent leaders wished to open hostilities at this time, as

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A highly-centralized public school system was installed in 1901, using English as the medium of instruction. Since that created a heavy shortage of teachers, the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines 600 teachers from the U.S., the so-called

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After the war had ended, and he had analyzed captured insurgent papers, Major Major J. R. M. Taylor wrote, "An attack on the United States forces was planned which should annihilate the little army in Manila, and delegations were appointed to secure the interference of foreign powers. The protecting

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reported on January 8 that two Americans who had been guarding a waterboat in Iloilo had been attacked, one fatally, and that insurgents were threatening to destroy the business section of the city by fire and that on January 10, a peaceful solution to the Iloilo issues may result but that Aguinaldo

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The Filipino committees in London, Paris, and Madrid around that time telegraphed to President McKinley: "We protest against the disembarkation of American troops at Iloilo. The treaty of peace still unratified, the American claim to sovereignty is premature. Pray reconsider the resolution regarding

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version had been sent to Aguinaldo, published it in both Spanish and Tagalog translations, which eventually made their way to Aguinaldo. Even before Aguinaldo received the unaltered version and observed the changes in the copy that he had received from Otis, Aguinaldo was already upset that Otis was

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arrived in Manila on March 4, 1899, a month after the Battle of Manila, which had begun armed conflict between US and revolutionary Filipino forces. The commission published a proclamation containing assurances that the US was "anxious to establish in the Philippine Islands an enlightened system of

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Aguinaldo of course promptly advanced the claim that his troops had been wantonly attacked. The plain fact is that the Insurgent patrol in question deliberately drew the fire of the American sentry, and this was just as much an act of war as was the firing of the shot. Whether the patrol was acting

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to the insurgents in 1898 to trouble the Americans. On January 1, 1899, news had come to Washington, D.C., from Manila that American forces, which had been sent to Iloilo under the command of General Marcus Miller, had been confronted by 6,000 armed Filipinos, who refused them permission to land. A

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Should our power by any fatality be withdrawn, the commission believe that the government of the Philippines would speedily lapse into anarchy, which would excuse, if it did not necessitate, the intervention of other powers and the eventual division of the islands among them. Only through American

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As when they had fought the Spanish, the Filipino rebels did not do well in the field. Aguinaldo and his provisional government escaped after the capture of Malolos on March 31, 1899, and they were driven into northern Luzon. Peace feelers from members of Aguinaldo's cabinet failed in May when the

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to the President of the Revolutionary Government, Malolos, from Sandico, Manila. January 8, 1899, 9.40 p.m., "In consequence of the order of General Rios to his officers, as soon as the Filipino attack begins the Americans should be driven into the Intramuros district and the walled city should be

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On January 5, Aguinaldo issued a counterproclamation that summarized what he saw as American violations of the ethics of friendship, particularly regarding the events in Iloilo. The proclamation concluded, "Such procedures, so foreign to the dictates of culture and the usages observed by civilized

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After meetings in April with revolutionary representatives, the commission requested authorization from McKinley to offer a specific plan. He authorized an offer of a government, consisting of "a Governor-General appointed by the President; cabinet appointed by the Governor-General; a general

1015:

By January 10, insurgents were ready to assume the offensive but desired, if possible, to provoke the Americans into firing the first shot. They made no secret of their desire for conflict but increased their hostile demonstrations and pushed their lines forward into forbidden territory. Their

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On the night of February 2 they sent in a strong detachment to draw the fire of our outposts, which took up a position immediately in front and within a few yards of the same. The outpost was strengthened by a few of our men, who silently bore their taunts and abuse the entire night. This was

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Under the military government, initially with soldiers as teachers; civil and criminal courts were reestablished, including a supreme court; and local governments were established in towns and provinces. The first local election was conducted by General Harold W. Lawton on May 7, 1899, in

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Aguinaldo approved the hostile attitude of Cailles since a reply in his handwriting stated, "I approve and applaud what you have done with the Americans, and zeal and valour always, also my beloved officers and soldiers there. I believe that they are playing us until the arrival of their

981:

I equally protest in the name of the Filipino people against the said intrusion, because as they have granted their vote of confidence appointing me president of the nation, although I don't consider that I deserve such, therefore I consider it my duty to defend to death its liberty and

1318:. Free primary instruction to train the people for the duties of citizenship and avocation was enforced by the Taft Commission, according to instructions by McKinley. Also, the Catholic Church was disestablished, and a considerable amount of church land was purchased and redistributed. 1178:. Uncle Sam (representing the United States), gets entangled with rope around a tree, labeled "Imperialism," while he tries to subdue a bucking colt or mule, labeled "Philippines," and a figure, representing Spain, walks off over the horizon and carr ies a bag, labeled "$ 20,000,000." 967:

referred to as "Military Governor of the Philippines" in the unaltered version, which he had received from Otis (the unaltered version said "in the Philippines."). Aguinaldo did not miss the significance of the alteration, which Otis had made without authorization from Washington.

1023:

On January 31, 1899, the Minister of Interior of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic, Teodoro Sandiko, signed a decree stating that President Aguinaldo had directed that all idle lands be planted to provide food for the people in view of impending war with the Americans.

936: 142: 143: 958:. General Otis delayed its publication until January 4, 1899, and published a version that had been edited to avoid conveying the meanings of the terms "sovereignty," "protection," and "right of cessation," which occurred in the unedited version. Unknown to Otis, the 1208:

then arrested Paterno and most of his cabinet and returned Mabini and his cabinet to power. The commission then concluded, "The Filipinos are wholly unprepared for independence... there being no Philippine nation, but only a collection of different peoples."

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Article V of the peace protocol signed on August 12 had mandated negotiations to conclude a treaty of peace to begin in Paris not later than October 1, 1898. President McKinley sent a five-man commission, initially instructed to demand no more than Luzon,

810:, clarifying that the territories relinquished by Spain to the United States included any and all islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago, but lying outside the lines described in the Treaty of Paris. That treaty explicitly named the islands of 954:

Filipino official styling himself "Presidente Lopez of the Federal Government of the Visayas" informed Miller that "foreign troops" would not land "without express orders from the central government of Luzon." On December 21, 1898, McKinley issued a

1359:

On July 2, 1902, the Secretary of War telegraphed that the insurrection against the sovereign authority of the U.S. had come to an end, with provincial civil governments established, and so the office of Military Governor was terminated. On July 4,

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advisory council elected by the people." The Revolutionary Congress voted unanimously to cease fighting and to accept peace, and on May 8, the revolutionary cabinet, headed by Apolinario Mabini, was replaced by a new "peace" cabinet, headed by

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Thus began the Insurgent attack, so long and so carefully planned for. We learn from the Insurgent records that the shot of the American sentry missed its mark. There was no reason why it should have provoked a hot return fire, but it

1399:

Some sources have suggested that the war unofficially continued for nearly a decade since bands of guerrillas, quasi-religious armed groups, and other resistance groups continued to roam the countryside and to clash with U.S. Army or

2232: 1364:, who had succeeded to the presidency after the assassination of McKinley on September 5, 1901, proclaimed a full and complete pardon and amnesty to all persons in the Philippine archipelago who had participated in the conflict. 1142:

On February 4, Aguinaldo declared, "That peace and friendly relations with the Americans be broken and that the latter be treated as enemies, within the limits prescribed by the laws of war." On June 2, 1899, the

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Specific recommendations included the establishment of civilian government as rapidly as possible (the American chief executive in the islands was then the military governor), including establishment of a

1106:

The result of the ensuing combat was not at all what the Insurgents had anticipated. The Americans did not drive very well. It was but a short time before they themselves were routed and driven from their

943:

Young's Scouts, including Marcus W. Robertson(2nd from right, front row squatting), Richard Moses Longfellow (4th from right, front row squatting), Medal of Honor recipients. Picture taken in Philippines.

738:

On August 13, with American commanders unaware that a ceasefire had already been signed between Spain and the U.S. on the previous day, American forces captured the city of Manila from the Spanish in the

985:

Otis, taking both proclamations as a call to arms, strengthened American observation posts and alerted his troops. In the tense atmosphere, some 40,000 Filipinos fled Manila within a period of 15 days.

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was the final military governor. The position of military governor was abolished in July 1902, after which the civilian office Governor-General became the sole executive authority in the Philippines.

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patrols. The U.S. Army and the Philippine Constabulary continued hostilities against those resistance groups until 1913. Some historians consider these unofficial extensions to be part of the war.

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had also sent an enciphered copy of the proclamation to General Marcus Miller in Iloilo for informational purposes. Miller assumed that it was for distribution and, unaware that a politically-

1212:

In the report, which they issued to the president the next year, the commissioners acknowledged Filipino aspirations for independence but declared that the Philippines was not ready for it.

2345:"The Philippine Climax; Peaceful Solution of the Iloilo Issue May Result To-day. Aguinaldo's Second Address He Threatened to Drive the Americans from the Islands – Manifesto Was Recalled" 1041: 1155:

American commander, General Ewell Otis, demanded an unconditional surrender. In 1901, Aguinaldo was captured and swore allegiance to the United States, which marked an end to the war.

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After some copies of that proclamation had been distributed, Aguinaldo ordered the recall of undistributed copies and issued another proclamation, which was published the same day in

3026: 3131: 2568: 5208: 4337: 657:, the procedure developed that as parts of the country were pacified and placed firmly under American control, responsibility for the area would be passed to the civilian. 803:, an industrialist and steel magnate, offered to buy the Philippines for $ 20 million and give it to the Filipinos so that they could be free of United States government. 5779: 5114: 5465: 1544: 799:

In the U.S., there was a movement for Philippine independence; some said that the U.S. had no right to a land where many of the people wanted self-government. In 1898

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Other sources name the two specific US soldiers involved in the first exchange of fire as Privates William Grayson and Orville Miller of the Nebraska Volunteers.

1069: 5876: 5053: 4222: 3397: 84: 5755: 3808: 908: 70: 3915: 5490: 4930: 6119: 3381: 846: 4922: 654: 6084: 6058: 173: 3116:"Annual report of Maj. Gen. E.S. Otis, U.S.V., commanding Department of the Pacific and 8th Army Corps, military governor in the Philippine Islands" 4025: 4008: 1531: 597:

of the Philippines reports that no census was conducted in that year. Another well regarded source estimates a population of seven million in 1898.

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Public Laws Enacted by the Philippine Legislature: During the Period from Sept. 1, 1900 to Nov. 14, 1935; Comprising Acts Nos. 1 to 4275

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During military rule (1898–1902), the U.S. military commander governed the Philippines under the authority of the U.S. president as

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Attack on the barracks of Company C of the 13th Minnesota Volunteers by Filipino forces during the Tondo Fire in Manila, 1899

1236:

legislature, autonomous governments on the provincial and municipal levels, and a system of free public elementary schools.

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acting as military governor. General Merrit established this military government by proclamation on August 14, 1898.

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government under which the Philippine people may enjoy the largest measure of home rule and the amplest liberty."

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enacted and ratified a declaration of war on the United States, which was publicly proclaimed on that same day by

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The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History

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Little brown brother: how the United States purchased and pacified the Philippine Islands at the century's turn

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The Second Philippine Commission (the Taft Commission), appointed by McKinley on March 16, 1900, and headed by

1121: 232: 1977: 5388: 4983: 4710: 4166: 4035: 3328: 1625: 1337: 475: 4529: 2732: 894: 718:. Admiral Dewey and General Merritt were able to work out a bloodless solution with acting Governor-General 6109: 5834: 5505: 5432: 4973: 4843: 4566: 4189: 4062: 3655: 3609: 3469: 3462: 3139:, Combined Arms Research Library, originally from War Department, Bureau of Insular Affairs, archived from 1515: 1353: 211: 714:

By June, U.S. and Filipino forces had taken control of most of the islands, except for the walled city of

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An 1898 census is reported by some sources to have yielded a count of 7,832,719 inhabitants. However, the

5013: 4823: 4435: 4254: 3745: 3738: 3546: 3507: 3271: 2987:

The Story of the Philippines and Our New Possessions, Including the Ladrones, Hawaii, Cuba and Porto Rico

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The town of Jaro in the subdued Philippines prepared for the immediate arrival of Governor-General Taft.

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proclaimed that the Philippine–American War had ended on April 16, 1902, with the surrender of General

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reinforcements, but I shall send an ultimatum and remain always on the alert.--E. A. Jan. 10, 1899."

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José Roca de Togores y Saravia; Remigio Garcia; National Historical Institute (Philippines) (2003).

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John Hay, Secretary of State, signing the memorandum of ratification on behalf of the United States

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On March 3, 1901, the U.S. Congress passed the Army Appropriation Act containing (along with the

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In 1901, a civil governor was appointed, but the military retained authority in disturbed areas.

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The Philippines belonged to, but were not a part of, the United States. See the page for the

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Wikisource:Letter from E.S. Otis to the inhabitants of the Philippine Islands, January 4, 1899

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The text of the amended version, published by General Otis, is quoted in its entirety in

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The Philippines: To the End of the Commission Government, a Study in Tropical Democracy

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Iloilo. Filipinos wish for the friendship of America and abhor militarism and deceit."

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The Contested State: American Foreign Policy and Regime Change in the Philippines

2890: 2866: 2842: 2792: 2317:"Bloodshed at Iloilo; Two Americans Attacked and One Fatally Wounded by Natives." 2213: 1767: 1640: 1635: 1604: 1341: 1295: 1245: 1001: 800: 518: 434: 355: 106: 3106:(4th ed.), Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress 2523:"The Philippines : As viewed by President McKinley's Special Commissioners" 5999: 5981: 5975: 5871: 5822: 5652: 5617: 5419: 5288: 5193: 4765: 4678: 4330: 4152: 4138: 3553: 3491: 1744: 1555: 1549: 1384: 1012:

had issued a proclamation threatening to drive the Americans from the islands.

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On November 2, 1899, the commission issued a preliminary report that stayted:

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Emilio Aguinaldo's quarters in Manila following his capture by the Americans.

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Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903

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Worcester gave General Otis' account of the opening of active hostilities,

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Chronology for the Philippine Islands and Guam in the Spanish–American War

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The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898–1899

1845:"General Amnesty for the Filipinos; Proclamation Issued by the President" 1599: 963: 789: 706: 631: 349: 2753:, Philippine Department of Interior and Local Government, archived from 4357: 3560: 1344:

establishing the Philippine Commission and stipulated that a bicameral

1315: 715: 5075: 4835: 2978:, Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library (published 1972) 2618:"The Philippine Bill of 1902: Turning Point in Philippine Legislation" 1250: 5318: 4978: 3773: 3263: 1741:"Population of the Philippines : />Census Years 1799 to 2010" 755:(1899–1902), which would prove to be more deadly and costly than the 638:

on August 14, 1898, a day after the capture of Manila, with General

2529:. Vol. 7, no. 2214. Fredericksburg, Va. November 3, 1899. 1376: 1113:

under proper orders from higher authority is not definitely known.

2156:. University of the Philippines. November 7, 1900. Archived from 1486: 1482: 1407: 1743:. National Statistics Office of the Philippines. Archived from 1226:

Report Philippine Commission, Vol. I, November 3, 1899. p. 183.

1076:

Surrendered President Aguinaldo boards the USS Vicksburg, 1900.

950: 1348:

would be established, composed of an elected lower house, the

818:

and their dependencies as among the relinquished territories.

2954:

Face of empire: United States-Philippine relations, 1898–1946

1000:

On January 8, Aguinaldo received the following message from

624:

Pamahalaang Militar ng Estados Unidos sa Kapuluang Pilipinas

5768: 2823:(Eighth ed.), University of the Philippines, pp. 2668:

Historical Perspective of the Philippine Educational System

785: 664:

as military governor, who in turn was succeeded by General

18:

United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands

2887:"Conquest and Coercion: Early U.S. Colonialism, 1899–1916" 1340:

of July 1902 approved, ratified, and confirmed McKinley's

1183:

McKinley had appointed a five-person group, headed by Dr.

3122:, vol. 2, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office 2787:

Philippines; United States Philippine Commission (1904).

2123: 2040: 3082:(4th edition, reprint ed.), Yale University Press, 1947: 1790: 915:

American troops guarding the bridge over the River Pasig

730:"Insurgent (Filipino) soldiers in the Philippines, 1899" 3194:

Decolonizing the History of the Philippine–American War

2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 3120:

Annual Report of the Major-General Commanding the Army

2401: 2399: 2370: 2368: 821: 705:

Photo of American soldiers guarding a bridge over the

2549: 2547: 2545: 5473: 2709: 2499: 2443: 2167: 1268: 2632: 2620:. National Historical Commission of the Philippines 2396: 2365: 806:On November 7, 1900, Spain and the U.S. signed the 3098:"The First Phase of United States Rule, 1898–1935" 2542: 2218:. National Historical Institute. pp. 148–50. 1027: 743:. The battle started when Dewey's ships bombarded 2647: 2574: 2558: 2459: 2095: 2071: 1912: 1888: 6071: 5857:and other inhabited territories governed by the 2487: 2194: 2192: 2061: 2059: 29:1898–1902 U.S. administration of the Philippines 3203:The Philippines: Past and Present (vol. 1 of 2) 2119:"Andrew Carnegie timeline of events at PBS.org" 1239: 2997:The Story of the Philippines by Murat Halstead 1900: 1408:Comparisons with the First Philippine Republic 1158: 5459: 4851: 4146:Theodore Roosevelt Center and Digital Library 3279: 2780: 2539:Report Philippine Commission, Vol. I, p. 183. 2297: 2189: 2083: 2056: 1839: 1837: 1835: 608:Military Government of the Philippine Islands 41: 6095:Philippines–United States military relations 5136:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands 2671:, RP Department of education, archived from 2609: 2475: 2431: 1689:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands 1429: 762: 566:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands 4276:Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse 3196:, by Paul A. Kramer dated December 8, 2005) 3133:Compilation of Philippine Insurgent Records 2943:Campaigning in the Philippines: Illustrated 2908: 2774: 2733:"Presidential Proclamation No. 173 S. 2002" 1956:The World of 1898: the Spanish–American War 1933:The World of 1898: The Spanish–American War 1545:Military Governor of the Philippine Islands 838: 169:Administered territory of the United States 103: 6120:United States involvement in regime change 5466: 5452: 4858: 4844: 3286: 3272: 1832: 153: 6085:1902 disestablishments in the Philippines 4999:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 4002:"Citizenship in a Republic" (1910 speech) 3199: 3055: 2980:(English translation by Sulpicio Guevara) 2860: 2840: 2811: 2715: 2586: 2505: 2425: 2405: 2374: 2291: 2279: 2268: 2034: 1918: 1759: 660:General Merritt was succeeded by General 3889:Smithsonian–Roosevelt African expedition 3004: 2993: 2983: 2868:Neocolonialism American Style, 1960-2000 2789:"Military Proclamation, August 14, 1898" 2638: 2615: 2449: 2180: 2046: 1796: 1325: 1272: 1249: 1168: 772: 724: 699: 4865: 3095: 2971: 2929: 2847:, University of the Philippines Press, 2698:, Chan Robles law library, July 1, 1902 2553: 2390: 1826: 1367:On April 9, 2002, Philippine president 956:Proclamation of Benevolent Assimilation 616:Gobierno Militar de las Islas Filipinas 14: 6080:1898 establishments in the Philippines 6072: 5903:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 5110:Creation of the Supreme Court Building 4934:Solicitor General of the United States 4098:United States presidential elections: 3293: 3181:, History Book Club (published 2005), 3126: 3075: 3035: 3028:The Development of Philippine Politics 2863:"9. Losing Stature in the Philippines" 2437: 2303: 2256: 2198: 2089: 2077: 2065: 2028: 2015: 1906: 1765: 1721:. The ASWANG Project. October 22, 2016 1674:History of the Philippines (1898–1946) 1321: 5447: 5141:Philippines Civil Governor, 1901–1904 4839: 4365:"Speak softly, and carry a big stick" 3896:"River of Doubt" Amazonian expedition 3267: 3219: 3174: 3154: 3024: 2957:, Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2950: 2939: 2884: 2653: 2580: 2564: 2493: 2481: 2465: 2421: 2244: 2101: 2019: 2000: 1894: 1811: 1257:, governor general of the Philippines 174:Unincorporated, unorganized territory 6054: 5024:Commission on Economy and Efficiency 4262:Roosevelt Memorial, Portland, Oregon 4017:Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography 3110: 1978:"Our flag is now waving over Manila" 1879: 1864: 1394: 683: 553:Captaincy General of the Philippines 5260:1912 Republican National Convention 5250:1908 Republican National Convention 5184:Birthplace, home, and historic site 4923:Governor-General of the Philippines 3508:Northern Securities Company breakup 3321:Vice President of the United States 2844:Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic 822:Philippine–American War (1899–1902) 24: 5491:Organized incorporated territories 4882:Chief Justice of the United States 4297:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge 3988:"The Strenuous Life" (1899 speech) 3056:Lacsamana, Leodivico Cruz (2006), 2797:. Bureau of Printing. p. 567. 2735:. Official Gazette. April 9, 2002. 1820: 870:Battle of Quingua, April 23, 1899 25: 6131: 5034:United States Chamber of Commerce 3478:United States Reclamation Service 3348:New York City Police Commissioner 3076:Miller, Stuart Creighton (1984), 3059:Philippine history and government 2914:The Philippines: A Past Revisited 2841:Agoncillo, Teodoro Andal (1997), 2817:"11. The Revolution Second Phase" 1576:Prime Minister of the Philippines 1426:United States Military Government 1269:Establishment of civil government 1151:, the President of the Assembly. 1122:The Philippines: Past and Present 709:after the battle, August 13, 1898 6105:Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt 6053: 6044: 6043: 5855:United Nations trust territories 5475:Territories of the United States 5428: 5427: 5081: 5074: 4819: 4818: 4547:Barnes vs. Roosevelt libel trial 4387:Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King 4239:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park 4211:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins 4160:Theodore Roosevelt National Park 4069:Republican National Convention: 3916:Birthplace, boyhood home replica 3781:State of the Union Address, 1901 3716:Department of Commerce and Labor 3223:The Philippines: A Unique Nation 3161:, University of Nebraska Press, 2695:The Philippine Bill of July 1902 1433: 1418: 1068: 1054: 1040: 935: 921: 907: 893: 879: 862: 845: 570: 545: 137: 83: 69: 5909:American Concession in Shanghai 5265:1912 U.S. presidential election 5255:1908 U.S. presidential election 5044:State of the Union Address 1912 3971:Theodore Roosevelt bibliography 3589:Federal Employers Liability Act 3485:National Wildlife Refuge System 3340:Assistant Secretary of the Navy 3200:Worcester, Dean Conant (1914), 3025:Kalaw, Maximo Manguiat (1927), 2930:Elliott, Charles Burke (1917), 2805: 2768: 2739: 2725: 2686: 2659: 2616:Piedad-Pugay, Chris Antonette. 2533: 2515: 2415: 2384: 2337: 2309: 2285: 2273: 2262: 2250: 2238: 2204: 2143: 2111: 2009: 1994: 1970: 1924: 1873: 1694:Commonwealth of the Philippines 1411: 1282:addressing the audience at the 1028:Outbreak of general hostilities 6100:Presidency of William McKinley 5915:American concession of Tianjin 4915:United States Secretary of War 4893:President of the United States 4204:Theodore Roosevelt Association 3859:"Bull Moose" Progressive Party 3809:Federal judiciary appointments 3456:Devils Tower National Monument 3310:President of the United States 3247: 3226:, All-Nations Publishing Co., 2972:Guevara, Sulpico, ed. (2005), 2871:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2861:Blanchard, William H. (1996), 2821:History of the Filipino People 1858: 1805: 1733: 1711: 1497:President of the United States 747:, a decrepit structure on the 13: 1: 5389:Backstairs at the White House 5019:Pinchot–Ballinger controversy 4984:Federal Corrupt Practices Act 4639:Cornelius V. S. Roosevelt III 4269:Proposed presidential library 4167:Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness 4036:Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia 3923:Sagamore Hill Home and Museum 3677:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 3100:, in Dolan, Ronald E. (ed.), 3005:Jernegan, Prescott F (2009), 1699: 1119:Dean Conant Worcester. 1914. 653:. After the appointment of a 333:(jointly with Civil Governor 5506:U.S. territorial sovereignty 5153:1906–1909 Occupation of Cuba 5029:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua 4904:Provisional Governor of Cuba 4190:Roosevelt Park (San Antonio) 4063:1898 New York state election 3538:Food and Drug Administration 3470:United States Forest Service 3463:Muir Woods National Monument 3103:Philippines: A Country Study 3062:, Phoenix Publishing House, 2895:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2215:Blockade and siege of Manila 1704: 1516:President of the Philippines 1461:War powers authority of the 1354:United States Bill of Rights 1240:Second Philippine Commission 856:and his troops, around 1898. 749:southern outskirts of Manila 212:Languages in the Philippines 7: 5014:Defense Secrets Act of 1911 4255:Theodore Roosevelt Monument 3739:Inland Waterways Commission 3414:Booker T. Washington dinner 3096:Seekins, Donald M. (1993), 1667: 1159:First Philippine Commission 976:El Heraldo de la Revolucion 10: 6136: 5756:Unincorporated territories 5219:High school (New York City 4153:White House Roosevelt Room 3158:The war with Spain in 1898 2751:Philippine National Police 2598:, U.S. Library of Congress 1959:, U.S. Library of Congress 1936:, U.S. Library of Congress 1684:Second Philippine Republic 1626:Philippine Republican Army 1621:United States Armed Forces 1243: 1174:1899 political cartoon by 1162: 1031: 831: 825: 766: 693: 687: 651:United States Armed Forces 595:National Statistics Office 6039: 5941: 5924: 5867: 5850: 5764: 5751: 5514: 5481: 5407: 5364: 5273: 5242: 5171: 5123: 5090: 5072: 4994:Apportionment Act of 1911 4989:Wireless Ship Act of 1910 4944: 4873: 4784: 4751:Robert Barnhill Roosevelt 4711:Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt 4556: 4470: 4347: 4290:Theodore Roosevelt Bridge 4183:Roosevelt National Forest 4176:Theodore Roosevelt Island 4123: 4052: 3960: 3905: 3818: 3702:College football meetings 3358: 3301: 1679:First Philippine Republic 834:First Philippine Republic 763:Spanish–American War ends 586: 524: 514: 510: 500: 496: 491: 487: 470: 457: 444: 431: 418: 405: 390: 375: 371: 363: 345: 341: 323: 311: 299: 287: 283: 273: 269: 257: 245: 241: 231: 217: 193: 180: 164: 152: 125: 99: 65: 60: 38:of the Philippine Islands 34: 5841:Northern Mariana Islands 5313:Robert Alphonso Taft Jr. 5163:National War Labor Board 4974:Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act 4695:Martha Bulloch Roosevelt 4663:Joseph Willard Roosevelt 4304:Theodore Roosevelt Award 3610:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty 3428:Newlands Reclamation Act 3240: 3220:Zaide, Sonia M. (1994), 3155:Trask, David F. (1996), 3036:Karnow, Stanley (1990), 2994:Halstead, Murat (1918), 2984:Halstead, Murat (1898), 2951:Golay, Frank H. (1997), 2813:Agoncillo, Teodoro Andal 1766:Tucker, Spencer (2009). 1458:Constitutional Document 1288:Manila Grand Opera House 949:The Spanish had yielded 839:Escalatation of tensions 6115:Provisional governments 6090:Former colonies in Asia 5307:William Howard Taft III 5158:League to Enforce Peace 4513:League to Enforce Peace 3995:League to Enforce Peace 3882:Boone and Crockett Club 3850:Battle of San Juan Hill 3709:Bureau of Investigation 3499:Conference of Governors 1982:San Francisco Chronicle 1402:Philippine Constabulary 1369:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 1034:Battle of Manila (1899) 872:Philippine–American War 828:Philippine–American War 753:Philippine–American War 690:Battle of Manila (1898) 592: 589: 226:transitional government 5357:(paternal grandfather) 5301:Charles Phelps Taft II 5148:Taft–Katsura agreement 5039:Ceremonial first pitch 4758:Anna Eleanor Roosevelt 4743:James Alfred Roosevelt 4735:James Stephens Bulloch 4703:Anna "Bamie" Roosevelt 4687:Theodore Roosevelt Sr. 4591:Theodore Roosevelt III 4417:Teddy, the Rough Rider 4197:Roosevelt Study Center 3843:Battle of Las Guasimas 3723:Bureau of Corporations 3670:1906 Nobel Peace Prize 3531:Pure Food and Drug Act 3008:The Philippine Citizen 1346:Philippine Legislature 1338:Philippine Organic Act 1333: 1291: 1258: 1223: 1180: 1137: 1116: 887:Battle before Caloocan 780: 769:Treaty of Paris (1898) 735: 711: 655:civil Governor-General 104: 45:de las Islas Filipinas 42: 5496:Territorial evolution 5105:Judiciary Act of 1925 5054:Judicial appointments 4800:William Howard Taft → 4766:Gracie Hall Roosevelt 4671:Edith Roosevelt Derby 4631:Theodore Roosevelt IV 4607:Ethel Carow Roosevelt 3979:The Naval War of 1812 3873:Assassination attempt 3774:White House West Wing 3257:for more information. 3031:, Oriental commercial 3011:, BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2946:. Hicks-Judd Company. 1647:Official Language(s) 1605:Philippine Commission 1562:Arthur MacArthur, Jr. 1379:and in the Cities of 1329: 1276: 1253: 1218: 1193:Philippine Commission 1172: 1085: 776: 745:Fort San Antonio Abad 728: 703: 356:Philippine Commission 318:Arthur MacArthur, Jr. 194:Common languages 5413:← Theodore Roosevelt 5289:Robert Alphonso Taft 5100:Supreme Court career 4969:Income Tax amendment 4655:Kermit Roosevelt Jr. 4647:Quentin Roosevelt II 4539:Roosevelt Republican 4043:Archival collections 3829:Spanish–American War 3746:Bureau of the Census 3663:Treaty of Portsmouth 3575:Aldrich–Vreeland Act 3435:Transfer Act of 1905 3332:Governor of New York 3175:Wolff, Leon (2006), 3112:Otis, Elwell Stephen 2940:Faust, K.I. (1899). 2131:on November 24, 2016 1772:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1468:Malolos Constitution 1356:to the Philippines. 1185:Jacob Gould Schurman 1005:set on fire. Pipi." 960:US Department of War 901:Battle of Santa Cruz 808:Treaty of Washington 757:Spanish–American War 696:Spanish–American War 448:Capture of Aguinaldo 6110:William Howard Taft 5933:uninhabited islands 5835:U.S. Virgin Islands 5337:Charles Phelps Taft 5209:U.S. Postage stamps 4867:William Howard Taft 4727:Cornelius Roosevelt 4615:Archibald Roosevelt 4583:Alice Lee Roosevelt 4479:Political positions 4397:Roosevelt in Africa 4338:U.S. postage stamps 4246:Monument Assemblage 3930:Maltese Cross Cabin 3640:Roosevelt Corollary 3582:Tillman Act of 1907 3547:Meat Inspection Act 3524:Coal strike of 1902 3391:Second inauguration 3000:, Project Gutenberg 2910:Constantino, Renato 2885:Blitz, Amy (2000), 2656:, p. 281 Ch.21 2583:, p. 280 Ch.21 1897:, p. 279 Ch.21 1541:Head of Government 1441:Philippine Republic 1350:Philippine Assembly 1322:Official end to war 1284:Philippine Assembly 1280:William Howard Taft 1263:William Howard Taft 1255:William Howard Taft 1165:Schurman Commission 1062:Filipino casualties 634:established by the 628:military government 476:Organic Act enacted 461:Surrender of Malvar 335:William Howard Taft 159:Philippines in 1901 36:Military Government 5397:Theodore Roosevelt 5349:Horace Dutton Taft 5295:Helen Taft Manning 4791:← William McKinley 4679:Theodora Roosevelt 4575:Edith Kermit Carow 4567:Alice Hathaway Lee 4447:Theodore Roosevelt 4439:, 2014 documentary 4399:, 1910 documentary 4313:Theodore Roosevelt 3656:Russo-Japanese War 3649:Occupation of Cuba 3603:Big stick ideology 3375:First inauguration 3295:Theodore Roosevelt 3143:on October 3, 2008 2354:, January 10, 1899 2352:The New York Times 2324:The New York Times 2163:on March 26, 2012. 2018:, pp. 123–4, 1852:The New York Times 1508:Theodore Roosevelt 1362:Theodore Roosevelt 1334: 1292: 1259: 1189:Cornell University 1181: 1009:The New York Times 854:Gregorio del Pilar 781: 736: 732:(original caption) 712: 647:Commander-in-Chief 422:Capture of Malolos 264:Theodore Roosevelt 121:"Out of many, one" 6067: 6066: 5931:claims and other 5929:Guano Islands Act 5829:Panama Canal Zone 5501:Thirteen Colonies 5441: 5440: 5400:(2022 miniseries) 5392:(1979 miniseries) 5355:Peter Rawson Taft 5343:Henry Waters Taft 5283:Helen Herron Taft 5189:Malacañang Palace 5066:First Oval Office 5009:Radio Act of 1912 4959:1909 inauguration 4833: 4832: 4719:Corinne Roosevelt 4623:Quentin Roosevelt 4449:, 2022 miniseries 4429:, 1997 miniseries 4029:magazine articles 3760:Perdicaris affair 3753:Great White Fleet 3633:Venezuelan crisis 3617:Panama Canal Zone 3188:978-1-58288-209-3 3168:978-0-8032-9429-5 3128:Taylor, John R.M. 3089:978-0-300-03081-5 3069:978-971-06-1894-1 3049:978-0-7126-3732-9 3018:978-1-115-97139-3 2964:978-971-550-254-2 2854:978-971-542-096-9 2496:, pp. 50–51. 2326:, January 8, 1899 2294:, pp. 357–8. 2225:978-971-538-167-3 1783:978-1-85109-951-1 1665: 1664: 1611:National Assembly 1581:Apolinario Mabini 1453:January 23, 1899 1395:Later hostilities 1300:Spooner Amendment 1278:Governor General 684:Capture of Manila 604: 603: 582: 581: 578: 577: 558: 557: 401:December 10, 1898 380:Capture of Manila 325:• 1901–1902 313:• 1900–1901 301:• 1898–1900 275:Military Governor 259:• 1901–1902 247:• 1898–1901 222:Military-occupied 144: 16:(Redirected from 6127: 6057: 6056: 6047: 6046: 6012:Quita Sueño Bank 5592:Indian Territory 5468: 5461: 5454: 5445: 5444: 5431: 5430: 5420:Woodrow Wilson → 5115:Taft Court cases 5085: 5078: 4964:Dollar diplomacy 4937: 4926: 4918: 4907: 4896: 4885: 4860: 4853: 4846: 4837: 4836: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4812: 4803: 4794: 4777: 4769: 4761: 4753: 4746: 4738: 4730: 4722: 4714: 4706: 4698: 4690: 4682: 4674: 4666: 4658: 4650: 4642: 4634: 4626: 4618: 4610: 4602: 4599:Kermit Roosevelt 4594: 4586: 4578: 4570: 4549: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4521:A Guest of Honor 4515: 4506: 4497: 4490: 4481: 4461: 4451: 4441: 4431: 4421: 4411: 4407:The Rough Riders 4401: 4391: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4340: 4333: 4326: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4264: 4257: 4248: 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2775:Constantino 1975 2772: 2766: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2757:on June 17, 2008 2743: 2737: 2736: 2729: 2723: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2675:on July 16, 2011 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2562: 2556: 2551: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2519: 2513: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2463: 2457: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2419: 2413: 2403: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2372: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2349: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2321: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2229: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2165: 2164: 2162: 2155: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2127:. Archived from 2115: 2109: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2054: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2013: 2007: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1941: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1877: 1871: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1849: 1841: 1830: 1824: 1818: 1809: 1803: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1715: 1587:Pedro A. Paterno 1534: 1521:Emilio Aguinaldo 1502:William McKinley 1450:August 14, 1898 1439: 1437: 1436: 1424: 1422: 1421: 1412: 1332: 1308:Governor-General 1290: 1227: 1179: 1149:Pedro A. Paterno 1145:Malolos Congress 1126: 1077: 1072: 1063: 1058: 1049: 1044: 991:Felipe Agoncillo 944: 939: 930: 925: 916: 911: 902: 897: 888: 883: 874: 866: 857: 849: 779: 741:Battle of Manila 734: 710: 678:Baliuag, Bulacan 668:. Major General 666:Arthur MacArthur 574: 573: 562: 561: 549: 548: 542: 541: 526: 525: 479: 414:February 4, 1899 252:William McKinley 183:and largest city 157: 146: 145: 119: 111: 87: 73: 55: 47: 43:Gobierno Militar 32: 31: 21: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6035: 5946:Phoenix Islands 5937: 5920: 5897:Volcano Islands 5863: 5846: 5760: 5747: 5510: 5477: 5472: 5442: 5437: 5403: 5377:Progressive Era 5360: 5269: 5238: 5172:Life and legacy 5167: 5131:Taft Commission 5119: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5070: 5004:Mann–Elkins Act 4948: 4940: 4929: 4921: 4910: 4899: 4888: 4877: 4869: 4864: 4834: 4829: 4817: 4810:← Garret Hobart 4808: 4797: 4788: 4780: 4772: 4764: 4756: 4749: 4741: 4733: 4725: 4717: 4709: 4701: 4693: 4685: 4681:(granddaughter) 4677: 4673:(granddaughter) 4669: 4661: 4653: 4645: 4637: 4629: 4621: 4613: 4605: 4597: 4589: 4581: 4573: 4565: 4552: 4545: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4511: 4500: 4493: 4484: 4477: 4466: 4454: 4444: 4434: 4424: 4414: 4404: 4394: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4356: 4349: 4343: 4336: 4329: 4309: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4283:Roosevelt River 4281: 4274: 4267: 4260: 4253: 4244: 4237: 4228: 4221: 4216: 4209: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4181: 4174: 4165: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4137: 4130: 4119: 4112: 4105: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4068: 4061: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4024: 4014: 4007: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3976: 3969: 3962: 3956: 3949: 3944:Pine Knot cabin 3942: 3935: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3901: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3871: 3866:New Nationalism 3864: 3857: 3848: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3820: 3814: 3807: 3800: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3772: 3765: 3758: 3751: 3744: 3737: 3732:Keep Commission 3730: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3700: 3691: 3684: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3654: 3647: 3638: 3631: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3573: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3545: 3536: 3529: 3522: 3513: 3506: 3497: 3490: 3483: 3476: 3468: 3461: 3454: 3447: 3442:Antiquities Act 3440: 3433: 3426: 3419: 3412: 3403: 3396: 3389: 3380: 3373: 3362: 3354: 3346: 3338: 3327: 3316: 3305: 3297: 3292: 3262: 3261: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3234: 3214: 3192:(Introduction, 3189: 3169: 3146: 3144: 3136: 3090: 3070: 3050: 3019: 2965: 2924: 2903: 2879: 2855: 2835: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2760: 2758: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2714: 2710: 2701: 2699: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2678: 2676: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2637: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2614: 2610: 2601: 2599: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2563: 2559: 2552: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2504: 2500: 2492: 2488: 2480: 2476: 2464: 2460: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2420: 2416: 2404: 2397: 2389: 2385: 2373: 2366: 2357: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2329: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2239: 2230: 2226: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2190: 2179: 2168: 2160: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2134: 2132: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2100: 2096: 2088: 2084: 2080:, pp. 20–1 2076: 2072: 2064: 2057: 2045: 2041: 2033: 2029: 2014: 2010: 1999: 1995: 1986: 1984: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1962: 1960: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1939: 1937: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1917: 1913: 1905: 1901: 1893: 1889: 1878: 1874: 1863: 1859: 1854:. July 4, 1902. 1847: 1843: 1842: 1833: 1825: 1821: 1810: 1806: 1795: 1791: 1784: 1764: 1760: 1750: 1748: 1747:on July 4, 2012 1739: 1738: 1734: 1724: 1722: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1670: 1603: 1530: 1434: 1432: 1419: 1417: 1410: 1397: 1342:executive order 1330: 1324: 1296:Platt Amendment 1277: 1271: 1248: 1246:Taft Commission 1242: 1229: 1225: 1187:, president of 1173: 1167: 1161: 1140: 1128: 1118: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1036: 1030: 1002:Teodoro Sandiko 982:independence." 945: 942: 940: 931: 928: 926: 917: 914: 912: 903: 900: 898: 889: 886: 884: 875: 869: 867: 858: 852: 850: 841: 836: 830: 824: 801:Andrew Carnegie 794:Treaty of Paris 777: 771: 765: 729: 720:Fermín Jáudenes 704: 698: 692: 686: 600: 571: 546: 519:Philippine peso 503: 480: 473: 463: 450: 437: 435:Taft Commission 424: 411: 398: 395:Treaty of Paris 386:August 14, 1898 383: 358: 354: 352: 332: 326: 314: 302: 290: 260: 248: 224: 209: 184: 172: 160: 148: 147: 138: 134: 120: 113: 107:E pluribus unum 95: 94: 93: 88: 80: 79: 74: 56: 49: 44: 39: 37: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6133: 6123: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6051: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6027: 6026:(1899–present) 6021: 6020:(1898–present) 6015: 6009: 6008:(1867–present) 6003: 6002:(1867–present) 6000:Howland Island 5997: 5991: 5990:(1860–present) 5985: 5984:(1858–present) 5982:Navassa Island 5979: 5978:(1858–present) 5976:Johnston Atoll 5973: 5972:(1858–present) 5967: 5966:(1857–present) 5961: 5955: 5949: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5880: 5872:Ryukyu Islands 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5843:(1986–present) 5838: 5837:(1917–present) 5832: 5826: 5825:(1899–present) 5823:American Samoa 5820: 5819: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5772: 5771:(1898–present) 5765: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5648: 5642: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5471: 5470: 5463: 5456: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5424: 5423: 5416: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5393: 5385: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5279: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5194:Woodbury Point 5191: 5186: 5181: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5096: 5094: 5091:Chief Justice, 5088: 5087: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4955: 4953: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4927: 4919: 4908: 4897: 4886: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4863: 4862: 4855: 4848: 4840: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4827: 4814: 4813: 4805: 4804: 4795: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4770: 4762: 4754: 4747: 4739: 4731: 4723: 4715: 4707: 4699: 4691: 4683: 4675: 4667: 4659: 4651: 4643: 4635: 4627: 4619: 4611: 4603: 4595: 4587: 4579: 4571: 4562: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4491: 4482: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4452: 4442: 4437:The Roosevelts 4432: 4422: 4412: 4402: 4392: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4353: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4334: 4331:Roosevelt Road 4327: 4307: 4300: 4293: 4286: 4279: 4272: 4265: 4258: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4235: 4234: 4233: 4226: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4193: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4171: 4170: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4139:Mount Rushmore 4135: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4110: 4103: 4095: 4088: 4081: 4074: 4066: 4058: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4022: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3974: 3966: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3947: 3940: 3933: 3926: 3919: 3911: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3892: 3885: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3869: 3855: 3854: 3853: 3846: 3839: 3824: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3805: 3798: 3791: 3784: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3735: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3693:Roosevelt Hall 3682: 3681: 3680: 3673: 3666: 3652: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3629: 3628: 3627: 3620: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3585: 3578: 3571: 3564: 3557: 3554:Expediting Act 3550: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3527: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3495: 3492:Roosevelt Arch 3488: 3481: 3474: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3449:Pelican Island 3445: 3438: 3431: 3417: 3410: 3401: 3398:Foreign policy 3394: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3370: 3368: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3352: 3344: 3336: 3325: 3314: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3291: 3290: 3283: 3276: 3268: 3260: 3259: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3217: 3212: 3197: 3187: 3172: 3167: 3152: 3130:, ed. (1907), 3124: 3108: 3093: 3088: 3073: 3068: 3053: 3048: 3033: 3022: 3017: 3002: 2991: 2981: 2969: 2963: 2948: 2937: 2927: 2922: 2906: 2901: 2882: 2877: 2858: 2853: 2838: 2833: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2779: 2767: 2738: 2724: 2716:Worcester 1914 2708: 2685: 2658: 2646: 2631: 2608: 2585: 2573: 2557: 2541: 2532: 2527:The Daily Star 2514: 2506:Worcester 1914 2498: 2486: 2474: 2458: 2442: 2430: 2426:Blanchard 1996 2424:, p. 32, 2414: 2406:Worcester 1914 2395: 2383: 2375:Worcester 1914 2364: 2336: 2308: 2296: 2292:Agoncillo 1997 2284: 2280:Agoncillo 1997 2272: 2269:Agoncillo 1997 2261: 2249: 2237: 2224: 2203: 2188: 2166: 2142: 2110: 2094: 2082: 2070: 2055: 2039: 2037:, p. 126. 2035:Lacsamana 2006 2027: 2008: 1993: 1969: 1946: 1923: 1919:Agoncillo 1990 1911: 1899: 1887: 1872: 1857: 1831: 1829:, p. 509. 1819: 1804: 1789: 1782: 1758: 1732: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1556:Elwell S. Otis 1553: 1550:Wesley Merritt 1542: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1524: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1505: 1494: 1493:Head of State 1490: 1489: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1430: 1428: 1415: 1409: 1406: 1396: 1393: 1323: 1320: 1304:Civil Governor 1270: 1267: 1244:Main article: 1241: 1238: 1217: 1163:Main article: 1160: 1157: 1139: 1136: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1067: 1065: 1060: 1053: 1051: 1046: 1039: 1032:Main article: 1029: 1026: 947: 946: 941: 934: 932: 927: 920: 918: 913: 906: 904: 899: 892: 890: 885: 878: 876: 868: 861: 859: 851: 844: 840: 837: 826:Main article: 823: 820: 767:Main article: 764: 761: 688:Main article: 685: 682: 662:Elwell S. Otis 640:Wesley Merritt 602: 601: 599: 598: 591: 587: 584: 583: 580: 579: 576: 575: 568: 559: 556: 555: 550: 538: 537: 532: 522: 521: 516: 512: 511: 508: 507: 504: 501: 498: 497: 494: 493: 489: 488: 485: 484: 481: 471: 468: 467: 466:April 16, 1902 464: 458: 455: 454: 453:March 23, 1901 451: 445: 442: 441: 440:March 16, 1900 438: 432: 429: 428: 427:March 31, 1899 425: 419: 416: 415: 412: 406: 403: 402: 399: 391: 388: 387: 384: 376: 373: 372: 369: 368: 365: 361: 360: 347: 343: 342: 339: 338: 327: 324: 321: 320: 315: 312: 309: 308: 306:Elwell S. Otis 303: 300: 297: 296: 294:Wesley Merritt 291: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 277: 271: 270: 267: 266: 261: 258: 255: 254: 249: 246: 243: 242: 239: 238: 235: 229: 228: 219: 215: 214: 195: 191: 190: 185: 182: 178: 177: 166: 162: 161: 158: 150: 149: 136: 135: 131:Hail, Columbia 123: 122: 97: 96: 89: 82: 81: 75: 68: 67: 66: 63: 62: 58: 57: 40: 35: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6132: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6060: 6052: 6050: 6042: 6041: 6038: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6018:Palmyra Atoll 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5971: 5970:Jarvis Island 5968: 5965: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5952:Roncador Bank 5950: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5940: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5891:Bonin Islands 5889: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5860: 5859:United States 5856: 5853: 5852: 5849: 5842: 5839: 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5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5325:Alphonso Taft 5323: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5214:Taft, Montana 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124:Other actions 5122: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093:Supreme Court 5089: 5084: 5077: 5067: 5064: 5060: 5059:Supreme Court 5057: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4872: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4825: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4737:(grandfather) 4736: 4732: 4729:(grandfather) 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4577:(second wife) 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4531: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4503:Nature fakers 4499: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4460: 4459:, 2024 series 4458: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4346: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4259: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4223:New York City 4220: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4096: 4093: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3975: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3959: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3937:Elkhorn Ranch 3934: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3904: 3897: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3837: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3817: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3382:historic site 3379: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3277: 3275: 3270: 3269: 3266: 3256: 3255:Insular Cases 3250: 3246: 3235: 3233:971-642-071-4 3229: 3225: 3224: 3218: 3215: 3213:1-4191-7715-X 3209: 3205: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3153: 3142: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3091: 3085: 3081: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3054: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2982: 2977: 2976: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2923:971-8958-00-2 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2902:0-8476-9935-8 2898: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2880: 2878:0-313-30013-5 2874: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2856: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2834:971-8711-06-6 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2747:"PNP History" 2742: 2734: 2728: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2697: 2696: 2689: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2662: 2655: 2650: 2644: 2640: 2639:Jernegan 2009 2635: 2619: 2612: 2597: 2596: 2589: 2582: 2577: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2495: 2490: 2484:, p. 49. 2483: 2478: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2455: 2451: 2450:Halstead 1918 2446: 2439: 2434: 2428:, p. 130 2427: 2423: 2418: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2400: 2393:, p. 124 2392: 2387: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2353: 2346: 2340: 2325: 2318: 2312: 2305: 2300: 2293: 2288: 2282:, p. 357 2281: 2276: 2270: 2265: 2258: 2253: 2247:, p. 200 2246: 2241: 2234: 2227: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2207: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2186: 2182: 2181:Halstead 1898 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2159: 2152: 2146: 2135:September 17, 2130: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2091: 2086: 2079: 2074: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2052: 2048: 2047:Halstead 1898 2043: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1958: 1957: 1950: 1935: 1934: 1927: 1921:, p. 196 1920: 1915: 1909:, p. 123 1908: 1903: 1896: 1891: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1853: 1846: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1828: 1823: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1802: 1798: 1797:Halstead 1898 1793: 1785: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1762: 1746: 1742: 1736: 1720: 1714: 1710: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1533: 1528: 1527:Miguel Malvar 1525: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1431: 1427: 1416: 1414: 1413: 1405: 1403: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373:Miguel Malvar 1370: 1365: 1363: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1328: 1319: 1317: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1298:on Cuba) the 1297: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1266: 1264: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1237: 1235: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1202:Pedro Paterno 1197: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1177: 1171: 1166: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1090: 1083: 1071: 1066: 1057: 1052: 1043: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1003: 998: 994: 992: 987: 983: 979: 977: 972: 968: 965: 961: 957: 952: 938: 933: 924: 919: 910: 905: 896: 891: 882: 877: 873: 865: 860: 855: 848: 843: 842: 835: 829: 819: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 797: 795: 791: 787: 775: 770: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 733: 727: 723: 721: 717: 708: 702: 697: 691: 681: 679: 673: 671: 667: 663: 658: 656: 652: 648: 643: 641: 637: 636:United States 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 596: 588: 585: 569: 567: 564: 563: 560: 554: 551: 544: 543: 540: 539: 536: 533: 531: 528: 527: 523: 520: 517: 513: 509: 505: 499: 495: 490: 486: 482: 478: 477: 469: 465: 462: 456: 452: 449: 443: 439: 436: 430: 426: 423: 417: 413: 410: 404: 400: 397: 396: 389: 385: 382: 381: 374: 370: 366: 362: 357: 351: 348: 344: 340: 336: 331: 328: 322: 319: 316: 310: 307: 304: 298: 295: 292: 286: 282: 278: 276: 272: 268: 265: 262: 256: 253: 250: 244: 240: 236: 234: 230: 227: 223: 220: 216: 213: 207: 203: 199: 196: 192: 189: 186: 179: 175: 170: 167: 163: 156: 151: 132: 128: 124: 117: 110: 108: 102: 98: 92: 86: 78: 72: 64: 59: 53: 46: 33: 27: 19: 6030:Corn Islands 6006:Midway Atoll 5994:Swan Islands 5988:Kingman Reef 5964:Baker Island 5958:Serrana Bank 5817:1952–present 5815:Commonwealth 5799:Puerto Rico 5792:Commonwealth 5418: 5411: 5395: 5387: 5372:Billy Possum 5234:San Antonio) 5204:Bibliography 4798: 4789: 4569:(first wife) 4519: 4495:Ananias Club 4487:Bully pulpit 4456: 4446: 4436: 4427:Rough Riders 4426: 4416: 4406: 4396: 4386: 4312: 4132:Bibliography 4026: 4016: 3978: 3963:and speeches 3836:Rough Riders 3624:Panama Canal 3421:Conservation 3249: 3222: 3202: 3193: 3177: 3157: 3147:September 7, 3145:, retrieved 3141:the original 3132: 3119: 3102: 3078: 3058: 3039:In Our Image 3038: 3027: 3007: 2996: 2986: 2974: 2953: 2942: 2932: 2913: 2891: 2867: 2843: 2820: 2806:Bibliography 2793: 2782: 2770: 2759:, retrieved 2755:the original 2750: 2741: 2727: 2711: 2700:, retrieved 2694: 2688: 2677:, retrieved 2673:the original 2667: 2661: 2649: 2634: 2622:. Retrieved 2611: 2602:February 16, 2600:, retrieved 2594: 2588: 2576: 2560: 2554:Seekins 1993 2535: 2526: 2517: 2501: 2489: 2477: 2461: 2445: 2433: 2417: 2391:Guevara 1972 2386: 2358:February 10, 2356:, retrieved 2351: 2339: 2330:February 10, 2328:, retrieved 2323: 2311: 2306:, p. 39 2299: 2287: 2275: 2264: 2259:, p. 52 2252: 2240: 2214: 2206: 2201:, p. 50 2158:the original 2145: 2133:. Retrieved 2129:the original 2122: 2113: 2097: 2092:, p. 24 2085: 2073: 2068:, p. 20 2042: 2030: 2011: 1996: 1987:December 20, 1985:, retrieved 1981: 1972: 1961:, retrieved 1955: 1949: 1938:, retrieved 1932: 1926: 1914: 1902: 1890: 1875: 1860: 1851: 1827:Elliott 1917 1822: 1807: 1792: 1768: 1761: 1749:. Retrieved 1745:the original 1735: 1725:December 25, 1723:. Retrieved 1713: 1607:(1900–1902) 1596:Legislative 1568:Adna Chaffee 1532:(unofficial) 1529:(1901–1902) 1447:Established 1398: 1366: 1358: 1335: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1293: 1260: 1230: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1211: 1206:Antonio Luna 1198: 1182: 1176:Winsor McCay 1153: 1141: 1132: 1129: 1120: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1008: 1007: 999: 995: 988: 984: 980: 975: 973: 969: 948: 812:Cagayan Sulu 805: 798: 782: 737: 731: 713: 674: 670:Adna Chaffee 659: 644: 623: 615: 607: 605: 535:Succeeded by 534: 529: 502:• 1898 483:July 1, 1902 474: 409:Insurrection 393: 378: 330:Adna Chaffee 289:• 1898 126: 101:Motto: 100: 26: 6032:(1914–1971) 6024:Wake Island 6014:(1869–1981) 5996:(1863–1972) 5960:(1856–1981) 5954:(1856–1981) 5948:(1856–1979) 5917:(1860–1901) 5911:(1848–1863) 5905:(1947–1994) 5899:(1945–1968) 5893:(1945–1968) 5831:(1903–1979) 5775:Philippines 5744:(1900–1959) 5738:(1868–1890) 5709:(1864–1889) 5703:(1863–1912) 5697:(1863–1890) 5691:(1861–1889) 5685:(1861–1876) 5679:(1861–1864) 5673:(1854–1867) 5667:(1854–1861) 5661:(1853–1889) 5655:(1850–1896) 5639:Provisional 5635:New Mexico 5632:(1849–1858) 5626:(1848–1859) 5620:(1838–1846) 5614:(1836–1848) 5585:(1822–1845) 5579:(1819–1836) 5573:(1817–1819) 5567:(1809–1818) 5561:(1805–1837) 5555:(1805–1821) 5545:(1804–1812) 5539:(1800–1816) 5533:(1798–1817) 5531:Mississippi 5527:(1790–1796) 5521:(1787–1803) 5486:Organic act 5331:Louise Taft 5229:Los Angeles 5199:Taft Bridge 4936:(1890–1892) 4925:(1901–1904) 4917:(1904–1908) 4895:(1909–1913) 4884:(1921–1930) 4419:, 1940 film 4409:, 1927 film 4389:, 1901 film 4019:(1913 book) 3981:(1882 book) 3596:Kinkaid Act 3568:Hepburn Act 3406:Square Deal 3350:(1895–1897) 3342:(1897–1898) 3334:(1899–1900) 3312:(1901–1909) 3042:, Century, 2641:, pp. 2468:, pp. 2440:, p. 6 2438:Taylor 1907 2304:Taylor 1907 2257:Miller 1984 2199:Miller 1984 2104:, pp. 2090:Miller 1984 2078:Miller 1984 2066:Miller 1984 2049:, pp. 2016:Karnow 1990 1963:October 10, 1907:Karnow 1990 1882:, pp. 1799:, pp. 1602:(1898–1900) 1600:Martial Law 1583:(1898–1899) 1570:(1901–1902) 1564:(1900–1901) 1558:(1898–1900) 1523:(1898–1901) 1510:(1901–1902) 1504:(1898–1901) 989:Meanwhile, 790:Puerto Rico 707:Pasig River 632:Philippines 530:Preceded by 359:(1900–1902) 353:(1898–1900) 350:Martial law 346:Legislature 176:(1899–1902) 171:(1898–1899) 6074:Categories 5716:Department 5659:Washington 5321:(grandson) 5315:(grandson) 5309:(grandson) 5297:(daughter) 5179:Early life 4946:Presidency 4665:(grandson) 4657:(grandson) 4649:(grandson) 4641:(grandson) 4633:(grandson) 4609:(daughter) 4585:(daughter) 4358:Teddy bear 3561:Elkins Act 3515:court case 3360:Presidency 2761:August 29, 2718:, p. 2654:Zaide 1994 2581:Zaide 1994 2571:Appendix F 2567:, p. 2565:Kalaw 1927 2508:, p. 2494:Golay 1997 2482:Golay 1997 2466:Kalaw 1927 2452:, p. 2422:Blitz 2000 2408:, p. 2377:, p. 2245:Wolff 2006 2183:, p. 2108:Appendix D 2102:Kalaw 1927 2022:, p. 2020:Wolff 2006 2003:, p. 2001:Trask 1996 1895:Zaide 1994 1867:, p. 1814:, p. 1812:Faust 1899 1700:References 1316:Thomasites 1204:. General 1107:positions. 832:See also: 716:Intramuros 694:See also: 492:Population 218:Government 91:Great Seal 5885:1950–1972 5879:1945–1950 5811:1900–1952 5805:1898–1900 5794:1935–1946 5788:1901–1935 5782:1898–1901 5730:1912–1959 5728:Territory 5724:1884–1912 5718:1867–1884 5647:1850–1912 5645:Territory 5641:1846–1850 5630:Minnesota 5612:Wisconsin 5606:1890–1907 5604:Territory 5600:1850–1890 5598:Panhandle 5594:1834–1907 5588:Oklahoma 5549:Louisiana 5525:Southwest 5519:Northwest 5351:(brother) 5345:(brother) 5339:(brother) 5319:Seth Taft 5243:Elections 4979:Weeks Act 4951:timeline) 4713:(brother) 4530:Muckraker 4054:Elections 4027:The Forum 3951:Gravesite 2679:March 11, 2231:See also 1880:Otis 1899 1865:Otis 1899 1705:Citations 1632:Currency 1617:Military 1463:President 1234:bicameral 506:See below 233:President 61:1898–1902 6049:Category 5877:Military 5803:Military 5780:Military 5722:District 5683:Colorado 5671:Nebraska 5577:Arkansas 5565:Illinois 5559:Michigan 5553:Missouri 5433:Category 5333:(mother) 5327:(father) 4824:Category 4768:(nephew) 4721:(sister) 4705:(sister) 4697:(mother) 4689:(father) 3961:Writings 3906:Life and 3365:timeline 3114:(1899), 2912:(1975), 2815:(1990), 2702:July 31, 1940:June 15, 1751:June 27, 1668:See also 1474:Capital 1381:Batangas 1377:Batangas 1125:. p. 96. 759:(1898). 626:) was a 515:Currency 6059:Commons 5809:Insular 5786:Insular 5736:Wyoming 5712:Alaska 5707:Montana 5701:Arizona 5583:Florida 5571:Alabama 5543:Orleans 5537:Indiana 5365:Related 5224:Chicago 5049:Cabinet 4760:(niece) 4745:(uncle) 4471:Related 4457:Elkhorn 4350:culture 4348:Popular 4217:Statues 3767:Cabinet 2825:187–198 2624:July 9, 2470:199–200 2106:430–445 2051:176–178 1884:145-146 1816:103-104 1801:110–112 1660:Tagalog 1656:Spanish 1651:English 1487:Bulacan 1483:Malolos 1286:in the 964:expired 649:of the 630:in the 620:Tagalog 612:Spanish 472:• 459:• 446:• 433:• 420:• 407:• 392:• 377:• 364:History 206:English 202:Tagalog 198:Spanish 181:Capital 129: " 127:Anthem: 52:Spanish 5742:Hawaii 5689:Dakota 5677:Nevada 5665:Kansas 5624:Oregon 5285:(wife) 5275:Family 4906:(1904) 4558:Family 4124:Legacy 3821:events 3323:(1901) 3230: 3210: 3185: 3165: 3086: 3066: 3046: 3015: 2961: 2920: 2899: 2875: 2851: 2831: 2222: 1780: 1589:(1899) 1552:(1898) 1478:Manila 1438: 1423: 1389:Tanaun 951:Iloilo 816:Sibutu 788:, and 367: 279: 237: 210:other 188:Manila 165:Status 112: 48: 5883:Civil 5695:Idaho 5384:(cow) 5303:(son) 5291:(son) 4776:(dog) 4625:(son) 4617:(son) 4601:(son) 4593:(son) 4379:Films 4372:Books 4315:(1906 3908:homes 3819:Other 3241:Notes 3137:(PDF) 2643:57–58 2512:Ch. 9 2456:Ch.28 2412:Ch. 4 2348:(PDF) 2320:(PDF) 2161:(PDF) 2154:(PDF) 2053:Ch.15 1848:(PDF) 116:Latin 5769:Guam 5653:Utah 5618:Iowa 4912:42nd 4890:27th 4879:10th 4774:Pete 4323:1984 4319:1961 4311:USS 4114:1912 4107:1904 4100:1900 4092:1916 4085:1912 4078:1904 4071:1900 3795:1908 3788:1906 3329:33rd 3318:25th 3307:26th 3228:ISBN 3208:ISBN 3183:ISBN 3163:ISBN 3149:2021 3084:ISBN 3064:ISBN 3044:ISBN 3013:ISBN 2959:ISBN 2918:ISBN 2897:ISBN 2873:ISBN 2849:ISBN 2829:ISBN 2763:2009 2722:Ch.9 2704:2010 2681:2008 2626:2013 2604:2008 2472:Ch.7 2381:Ch.4 2360:2008 2332:2008 2220:ISBN 2137:2017 1989:2008 1965:2007 1942:2014 1778:ISBN 1753:2012 1727:2016 1641:Peso 1636:Peso 1387:and 1385:Lipa 1336:The 1101:did. 814:and 786:Guam 606:The 77:Flag 4931:6th 4901:3rd 2720:180 2569:453 2510:199 2454:318 2185:316 2124:PBS 2024:119 2005:419 1869:152 1774:719 1306:to 1138:War 6076:: 4321:, 4317:, 3472:, 3206:, 3118:, 2916:, 2889:, 2865:, 2827:, 2819:, 2791:. 2749:, 2544:^ 2525:. 2410:96 2398:^ 2379:93 2367:^ 2350:, 2322:, 2191:^ 2169:^ 2121:. 2058:^ 1980:, 1850:. 1834:^ 1776:. 1658:, 1485:, 1391:. 1383:, 1310:. 680:. 622:: 618:; 614:: 204:, 200:, 5551:/ 5467:e 5460:t 5453:v 4949:( 4859:e 4852:t 4845:v 4541:" 4537:" 4532:" 4528:" 4505:" 4501:" 4489:" 4485:" 4325:) 3408:" 3404:" 3367:) 3363:( 3287:e 3280:t 3273:v 2968:. 2628:. 2235:. 2228:. 2139:. 1786:. 1755:. 1729:. 610:( 337:) 208:, 133:" 118:) 114:( 109:" 105:" 54:) 50:( 20:)

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Military Government of the Philippine Islands

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