271:
151:
190:
349:
232:
297:
203:
177:
42:
310:
245:
284:
838:
323:
164:
336:
258:
498:. States were offered economic incentives for 'yes' votes, and those who initially opposed the resolution were discouraged from voting 'no' by the threat of economic sanctions, particularly from the United States. The US successfully obtained a commitment from the Saudi government to provide $ 1 billion to the Soviets in aid through the winter.
501:
On 29 November 1990, the
Security Council passed Resolution 678 under the guidance of Canada, the USSR, United Kingdom and the United States, which gave Iraq until 15 January 1991 to withdraw from Kuwait and empowered states to use "all necessary means" to force Iraq out of Kuwait after the deadline.
816:
563:. Weston said it did this by failing to vest in the UN the responsibility and accountability for the military force that was deployed to the region, but instead allowing the United States to manage it.
543:
expelled Yemeni workers. US diplomats told Yemeni officials it "was the most expensive no vote you ever cast"—referring to ceasing more than $ 70 million of US government foreign aid to Yemen.
1131:
1111:
888:
528:
Cuba's had voted for or abstained on previous resolutions relating to the Iraqi invasion, but did not support
Resolution 678 because of its authorization of "all necessary means."
582:
1106:
842:
803:
698:
657:
491:
490:
such resolutions authorizing action against a state, abstained in exchange for a promise from the US government that sanctions would be eased, and that the
374:
559:, argued that Resolution 678 set a "dubious precedent" by backing away from the "peaceful and humanitarian purposes and principles" enshrined in the
486:, to support a resolution authorizing UN members states to use "all necessary means" for removing Iraqi forces from Kuwait. China, which had usually
712:"Draft resolution / Canada, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America"
1085:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
899:
456:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
379:
369:
502:
The
Resolution requested Member States to keep the council informed on their decisions. This later became the legal authorization for the
884:
487:
32:
452:
820:
784:
759:
734:
679:
638:
875:
132:
28:
853:
1136:
804:
Mideast
Tensions: How U.S. Won Support to Use Mideast Forces The Iraq Resolution: A U.S.-Soviet Collaboration
699:
Mideast
Tensions: How U.S. Won Support to Use Mideast Forces The Iraq Resolution: A U.S.-Soviet Collaboration
658:
Mideast
Tensions: How U.S. Won Support to Use Mideast Forces The Iraq Resolution: A U.S.-Soviet Collaboration
522:
470:
Before the vote, United States lobbied states which had membership of the
Council at the time, including the
536:
606:
577:
868:
1116:
560:
463:
and return them the positions in which they were located on 1 August 1990, the day before the
1121:
8:
861:
602:
817:
Security
Council Resolution 678 and Persian Gulf Decision Making: Precarious Legitimacy
464:
1126:
780:
755:
730:
675:
634:
552:
440:
711:
556:
883:
799:
694:
653:
182:
1100:
616:
195:
540:
471:
439:(all 1990), the council noted that despite all the United Nations efforts,
208:
612:
495:
302:
727:
Humanitarian intervention: the United
Nations in an evolving world order
532:
518:
16:
1990 resolution on removal of Iraq from Kuwait by "all necessary means"
41:
848:
607:
https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/167/35359.html
72:
615:, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War and Peace, 1989–1992 (
572:
503:
479:
315:
276:
250:
837:
459:
which demanded that Iraq withdraw its forces unconditionally from
328:
289:
460:
395:
was adopted on 29 November 1990. After reaffirming resolutions
237:
169:
583:
List of United
Nations Security Council Resolutions 601 to 700
1132:
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Kuwait
514:
483:
475:
354:
341:
156:
1112:
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq
510:
263:
672:
The scourging of Iraq: sanctions, law, and natural justice
509:
Resolution 678 was adopted by 12 votes with two opposing (
605:, "Baker Twists Arms of Yemen, Colombia and Malaysia,"
628:
674:(2 ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 197–198.
531:After Yemen voted against the resolution, the US,
729:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 185.
1107:1990 United Nations Security Council resolutions
1098:
779:(2 ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 358.
754:. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 104.
843:United Nations Security Council Resolution 678
393:United Nations Security Council Resolution 678
869:
455:, offered Iraq one final chance to implement
506:, as Iraq did not withdraw by the deadline.
885:United Nations Security Council resolutions
876:
862:
749:
629:Benewick, Robert; Wingrove, Paul (1999).
453:Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
21:United Nations resolution adopted in 1990
619:: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1995), pp. 317–320
443:continued to defy the Security Council.
714:. United Nations Digital Library. 1990.
1099:
774:
724:
669:
633:(2 ed.). UBC Press. p. 240.
857:
823:, 85(3), 516–535. doi:10.2307/2203110
821:American Journal of International Law
704:
849:Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
13:
539:halted aid programs to Yemen, and
14:
1148:
830:
836:
670:Simons, Geoffrey Leslie (1998).
347:
334:
321:
308:
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269:
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230:
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175:
162:
149:
46:Iraq (green) and Kuwait (orange)
40:
809:
793:
451:The Security Council, invoking
768:
743:
718:
688:
663:
647:
622:
596:
1:
589:
551:Burns Weston, a professor of
750:Domínguez, Jorge I. (1996).
546:
7:
752:Cuban Studies 26, Volume 26
566:
537:International Monetary Fund
10:
1153:
777:Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam
446:
895:
494:would be received in the
363:
217:
139:
131:
123:
89:
79:
67:
59:
51:
39:
26:
725:Murphy, Sean D. (1996).
492:Chinese foreign minister
775:Simons, Geoff (1996).
561:United Nations Charter
578:Iraq–Kuwait relations
457:Resolution 660 (1990)
1137:November 1990 events
815:Weston, B. (1991), "
375:Lists of resolutions
802:, 2 December 1990 "
697:, 2 December 1990 "
656:, 2 December 1990 "
603:Global Policy Forum
631:China in the 1990s
613:James A. Baker III
465:invasion of Kuwait
1094:
1093:
841:Works related to
786:978-0-312-16052-4
761:978-0-8229-3954-2
736:978-0-8122-3382-7
681:978-0-312-21519-4
640:978-0-7748-0671-8
553:international law
390:
389:
386:
385:
141:Permanent members
1144:
878:
871:
864:
855:
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840:
824:
813:
807:
797:
791:
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772:
766:
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236:
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221:
207:
205:
204:
194:
192:
191:
181:
179:
178:
168:
166:
165:
155:
153:
152:
133:Security Council
115:
108:
101:
60:Meeting no.
55:29 November 1990
44:
29:Security Council
24:
23:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1090:
891:
882:
833:
828:
827:
814:
810:
798:
794:
787:
773:
769:
762:
748:
744:
737:
723:
719:
710:
709:
705:
693:
689:
682:
668:
664:
652:
648:
641:
627:
623:
601:
597:
592:
569:
557:Iowa University
549:
449:
359:
348:
346:
335:
333:
322:
320:
309:
307:
296:
294:
283:
281:
270:
268:
257:
255:
244:
242:
231:
229:
223:
219:
213:
202:
200:
189:
187:
176:
174:
163:
161:
150:
148:
142:
119:
113:
107:2 voted against
106:
99:
92:
47:
31:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:1990 in Kuwait
1114:
1109:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
896:
893:
892:
881:
880:
873:
866:
858:
852:
851:
846:
832:
831:External links
829:
826:
825:
808:
800:New York Times
792:
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767:
760:
742:
735:
717:
703:
695:New York Times
687:
680:
662:
654:New York Times
646:
639:
621:
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183:United Kingdom
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140:
137:
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129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
118:
117:
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103:
95:
93:
91:Voting summary
90:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
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15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
1149:
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1135:
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1011:
1009:
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1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
898:
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894:
890:
886:
879:
874:
872:
867:
865:
860:
859:
856:
850:
847:
845:at Wikisource
844:
839:
835:
834:
822:
818:
812:
805:
801:
796:
788:
782:
778:
771:
763:
757:
753:
746:
738:
732:
728:
721:
713:
707:
700:
696:
691:
683:
677:
673:
666:
659:
655:
650:
642:
636:
632:
625:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
599:
595:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
564:
562:
558:
554:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
382: →
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:←
367:
366:
362:
356:
345:
343:
332:
330:
319:
317:
306:
304:
293:
291:
280:
278:
267:
265:
254:
252:
241:
239:
228:
227:
225:
220:Non-permanent
216:
210:
199:
197:
196:United States
186:
184:
173:
171:
160:
158:
147:
146:
144:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
116:
111:
109:
104:
102:
97:
96:
94:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
1122:1990 in Iraq
1057:
811:
795:
776:
770:
751:
745:
726:
720:
706:
690:
671:
665:
649:
630:
624:
609:
598:
550:
541:Saudi Arabia
530:
527:
508:
500:
472:Soviet Union
469:
450:
392:
391:
209:Soviet Union
112:
105:
100:12 voted for
98:
83:
18:
887:adopted in
585:(1987–1991)
496:White House
303:Ivory Coast
135:composition
114:1 abstained
84:Iraq–Kuwait
71:S/RES/678 (
1101:Categories
590:References
533:World Bank
519:abstention
517:) and one
33:Resolution
547:Criticism
1127:Gulf War
617:New York
573:Gulf War
567:See also
504:Gulf War
480:Malaysia
316:Malaysia
277:Ethiopia
251:Colombia
73:Document
467:began.
447:Details
329:Romania
290:Finland
222:members
127:Adopted
80:Subject
783:
758:
733:
678:
637:
610:citing
488:vetoed
461:Kuwait
352:
339:
326:
313:
300:
287:
274:
261:
248:
238:Canada
235:
206:
193:
180:
170:France
167:
154:
124:Result
523:China
515:Yemen
484:Yemen
476:China
355:Zaire
342:Yemen
157:China
63:2,963
889:1990
781:ISBN
756:ISBN
731:ISBN
676:ISBN
635:ISBN
535:and
513:and
511:Cuba
482:and
441:Iraq
435:and
264:Cuba
68:Code
52:Date
1083:683
1078:682
1073:681
1068:680
1063:679
1058:678
1053:677
1048:676
1043:675
1038:674
1033:673
1028:672
1023:671
1018:670
1013:669
1008:668
1003:667
998:666
993:665
988:664
983:663
978:662
973:661
968:660
963:659
958:658
953:657
948:656
943:655
938:654
933:653
928:652
923:651
918:650
913:649
908:648
903:647
819:,"
555:at
525:).
437:677
433:674
429:670
425:669
421:667
417:666
413:665
409:664
405:662
401:661
397:660
380:679
370:677
35:678
27:UN
1103::
478:,
474:,
431:,
427:,
423:,
419:,
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
1086:→
900:←
877:e
870:t
863:v
806:"
789:.
764:.
739:.
701:"
684:.
660:"
643:.
521:(
75:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
