207:. Having rebuilt their strength, the Azariqa launched a major offensive against Basra and passed through areas in Fars on the way there. Umar, fearing Mus'ab's wrath should the Azariqa cross through his province to attack Mus'ab in Basra, pursued them. His forces were unable to overtake the Azariqa and they made camp at
274:
and confronted Abu Fudayk, whose
Kharijite force was bolstered by Bedouin warriors. The two sides fought for five days at al-Mushaqqar. Abu Fudayk gained an early advantage, but due to the "courage and skill" of Umar, according to the historian A. A. Dixon, the Umayyad force defeated and killed Abu
231:. The fighting lasted twenty-four or forty days, during which Umar was reinforced by men sent by Mus'ab. The uprising ended with the withdrawal of Khalid to Syria and the punishment of the pro-Umayyad tribal soldiers who remained in Basra by Mus'ab's order. Abd al-Malik
85:, a leading member of the community after his death in 632, and one of the wealthiest figures of the early Muslim state. Umar's grandfather, Ma'mar, was Talha's paternal uncle, and a companion of Muhammad, who converted to Islam with the bulk of the Quraysh after the
269:
with 3,000 Syrian soldiers. On the way, he recruited 8,000 fighters from Kufa, who he put under
Muhammad ibn Musa, a grandson of Talha, and another 10,000 from Basra, who he put under the command of his Muhammad's brother. Umar marched his army to
257:
faction which had taken over eastern Arabia during the civil war. Abu Fudayk had repulsed two armies previously dispatched by Mus'ab. The
Umayyad governor of Basra, Khalid, who had led the pro-Umayyad revolt at Jufra, sent his brother
252:
Abd al-Malik pardoned Umar for his service with the
Zubayrids. Umar thereafter became a close ally of Abd al-Malik. Abd al-Malik appointed Umar to lead a campaign against Abu Fudayk, the leader of the Kharijite
198:
in 687. He pursued them to
Istakhr, where after a tough battle in which he lost his son, Umar put the Azariqa to flight at the Tamastan bridge near the city. The Azariqa cut the bridge and dispersed to
275:
Fudayk. Umar had his men pursued and most of the non-Arabs in their ranks killed, while captured Arabs were freed. His victory spelled the end of the Najdat. Umar was afterward appointed governor of
729:
287:
Umar died near
Damascus in 702 or 703. He had been on his way to intercede with Abd al-Malik to spare his nephew punishment by the Umayyad governor of Iraq,
265:
Abd al-Malik guaranteed Umar that the governors of Kufa and Basra, from which he had to levy troops, would not infringe on his command. Umar departed
739:
227:. During this time, a pro-Umayyad uprising broke out in the area of Jufra, on the outskirts of Basra, led by an Umayyad family member,
259:
228:
127:. The Umayyads lost control over most of the Caliphate's territories, with Iraq, Iran and Arabia falling under the rule of the
705:
684:
614:
572:
520:
744:
670:
170:, went on the offensive against al-Mukhtar in 686, appointing Umar as the commander of the left wing of his army at the
749:
593:
135:
in 683–684. Under Ibn al-Zubayr, a grandson of Abu Bakr, the Banu Taym attained a measure of influence in the state.
101:
and most likely died during the operation, though the sources cite different years (643–644, 649–650, or 650–651).
645:
307:, a daughter of Talha. A prominent woman of her time, she had previously been married to Mus'ab, and before him,
104:
Umar became the leader of the Banu Taym clan in the following years. After the death of the fourth caliph
308:
200:
661:
163:
183:
98:
220:
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with an army against Abu Fudayk. The latter routed this force, humiliating Umayya and Khalid.
700:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
609:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
304:
148:
82:
78:
724:
606:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXI: The Victory of the Marwānids, A.D. 685–693/A.H. 66–73
236:
8:
288:
123:
gained the caliphate, but in 680–683, opponents of
Umayyad rule revolted, launching the
734:
665:
50:
Umar was the son of Ubayd Allah ibn Ma'mar ibn Uthman ibn Amr ibn Ka'b ibn Taym of the
701:
680:
610:
589:
568:
292:
86:
211:, a province adjacent to Basra from which they launched their assaults on the city.
186:, the province in southern Iran centered in Istakhr. He fended off an attack by the
697:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XIV: The Conquest of Iran, A.D. 641–643/A.H. 21–23
653:
567:. Oxford: University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research.
232:
171:
564:
The
Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies
695:
649:
604:
583:
562:
303:
While he was in Kufa levying troops for his campaign in Bahrayn, Umar was wed to
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90:
657:
624:
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in Mecca the following year, bringing most of the Caliphate under their rule.
718:
116:
311:, a son of Abu Bakr. Umar was her last husband and had no children by her.
31:
628:
191:
51:
35:
16:
7th-century Arab tribal leader and commander of the Islamic caliphate
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67:
59:
23:
204:
187:
94:
89:
in 630. Ubayd Allah was a commander in the conquest of the major
55:
39:
27:
367:
365:
254:
63:
224:
208:
143:
The Zubayrids' main challenge in Iraq came from the ruler of
128:
362:
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faction opposed to both the Umayyads and the Zubayrids, at
144:
401:
291:, for joining the wide-scale revolt of the Kufan nobleman
247:
629:"Biographical Notes on Abū 'Ubayda Maʿmar b. al-Muthannā"
585:
The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study)
219:
While Mus'ab went on campaign to face the Umayyad caliph
152:
105:
499:
458:
477:
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66:(leaders of the Muslim community). The first caliph,
539:
470:
437:
332:
527:
487:
377:
347:
58:. The Quraysh was the tribe of the Islamic prophet
716:
138:
730:7th-century people from the Umayyad Caliphate
242:
151:, who ruled in the name of the son of Caliph
671:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
223:, he appointed Umar as his placeholder in
22:(died 702 or 703) was a commander of the
602:
407:
395:
229:Khalid ibn Abd Allah ibn Khalid ibn Asid
20:Umar ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Ma'mar al-Taymi
248:Suppression of the Kharijites in Arabia
717:
643:
623:
452:
356:
341:
182:Mus'ab appointed Umar the governor of
693:
581:
560:
545:
533:
505:
493:
481:
464:
431:
419:
383:
371:
326:
77:), belonged to the Banu Taym, as did
679:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 401.
214:
178:Fight against the Kharijites in Iran
13:
166:. The Zubayrid governor of Basra,
30:caliphates in their wars with the
14:
761:
740:Generals of the Umayyad Caliphate
603:Fishbein, Michael, ed. (1990).
554:
519:sfn error: no target: CITEREF (
157:
110:
72:
1:
582:Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer (1971).
314:
237:Umayyads killed Ibn al-Zubayr
45:
7:
694:Smith, G. Rex, ed. (1994).
139:Service under the Zubayrids
10:
766:
745:People of the Second Fitna
517:], p. 803, note 1126.
243:Service under the Umayyads
750:History of Eastern Arabia
298:
164:Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya
42:in the late 7th century.
282:
561:Ahmed, Asad Q. (2010).
374:, p. 97, note 488.
133:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
125:Second Muslim Civil War
149:al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi
83:companion of Muhammad
79:Talha ibn Ubayd Allah
34:and the chief of the
168:Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr
644:Lecker, M. (2000).
508:, pp. 307–308.
467:, pp. 304–305.
434:, pp. 233–234.
422:, pp. 232–233.
410:, pp. 123–124.
289:al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
707:978-0-7914-1293-0
686:978-90-04-11211-7
616:978-0-7914-0221-4
588:. London: Luzac.
574:978-1-900934-13-8
329:, pp. 81–82.
215:Governor of Basra
93:fortress city of
87:conquest of Mecca
757:
711:
690:
666:Heinrichs, W. P.
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646:"Taym b. Murra"
633:Studia Islamica
625:Lecker, Michael
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131:-based caliph,
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12:
11:
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662:van Donzel, E.
650:Bearman, P. J.
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595:978-0718901493
594:
579:
573:
556:
553:
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548:, p. 100.
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526:
510:
498:
486:
484:, p. 307.
469:
457:
436:
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386:, p. 142.
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361:
346:
344:, p. 401.
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293:Ibn al-Ash'ath
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249:
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160: 656–661
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113: 656–661
81:, a prominent
75: 632–634
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654:Bianquis, Th.
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536:, p. 97.
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408:Fishbein 1990
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309:Abd al-Rahman
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555:Bibliography
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221:Abd al-Malik
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54:clan of the
49:
38:clan of the
19:
18:
725:700s deaths
453:Lecker 1995
357:Lecker 1995
342:Lecker 2000
719:Categories
546:Ahmed 2010
534:Ahmed 2010
506:Dixon 1971
494:Ahmed 2010
482:Dixon 1971
465:Dixon 1971
432:Dixon 1971
420:Dixon 1971
384:Dixon 1971
372:Ahmed 2010
327:Ahmed 2010
315:References
46:Early life
32:Kharijites
735:Banu Taym
675:Volume X:
639:: 71–100.
192:Kharijite
52:Banu Taym
36:Banu Taym
668:(eds.).
627:(1995).
267:Damascus
121:Umayyads
91:Sasanian
68:Abu Bakr
62:and the
60:Muhammad
24:Zubayrid
277:Bahrayn
272:Bahrayn
205:Isfahan
188:Azariqa
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64:caliphs
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40:Quraysh
28:Umayyad
704:
683:
664:&
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592:
571:
305:A'isha
299:Family
260:Umayya
255:Najdat
201:Kirman
196:Shapur
648:. In
283:Death
225:Basra
209:Ahwaz
129:Mecca
117:Syria
702:ISBN
681:ISBN
611:ISBN
590:ISBN
569:ISBN
521:help
203:and
190:, a
184:Fars
145:Kufa
99:Fars
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677:T–U
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153:Ali
106:Ali
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