192:
873:
the oath of allegiance and the takeover of Kufa by
Mukhtar that provoked the Meccan caliph to imprison Ibn Hanafiyya. He now wrote to Mukhtar for help and was rescued by his military detachment(s). The rescue mission is said to have been bloodless, as Ibn Hanafiyya had forbidden Mukhtar's men from fighting in the sanctuary of Mecca. This appeal for help suggests that the passive attitude of Ibn Hanafiyya towards Mukhtar has been exaggerated. Ibn Hanafiyya then settled in
825:), that is, the leader who would deliver Muslims from oppression and spread justice. At this point, however, this title of Ibn Hanafiyya probably did not have any messianic implications. At any rate, Ibn Hanafiyya is said to have avoided this title, as he remained in his hometown of Medina and declined active leadership of the revolution. Perhaps an indication of his equivocal attitude towards the rebellion, Ibn Hanafiyya is said to have been represented in some later
727:. Among many others, Ibn al-Hanafiyya is said to have warned Husayn not to trust the Kufans, who had betrayed their father Ali and their brother Hasan, suggesting that he should instead stay in Mecca or conceal himself in Yemen. Husayn ignored such warnings, saying that he expected to be killed while fighting the tyranny of Yazid. On their way to Kufa in 680, Husayn's small caravan was intercepted by the Umayyad army. He was killed in the ensuing
407:
775:, who had established in 680 an alternative caliphate in Mecca that rivaled the Umayyads. It is doubtful that Mukhtar actually represented the quiescent Ibn Hanafiyya. Nevertheless, the noncommittal response of Ibn Hanafiyya was interpreted by a Kufan delegation as an implicit endorsement of Mukhtar, which in turn strengthened the Kufans' support for the latter.
928:, that is, he was providentially concealed from mankind until his reappearance by divine will. This was perhaps when the concept of the Mahdi became mainstream as the eschatological Islamic leader who would eradicate injustice and evil in the end of time. Being the last (notable) son of Ali, the death of Ibn Hanafiyya also further divided the Shia community.
948:. This was apparently the main Abbasid claim to legitimacy until they declared around 780 that the heir of the Islamic prophet Muhammad was his uncle Abbas rather than his cousin and son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib. The Abbasids thus gradually turned against the mainstream Shia, carrying with themselves large numbers of the Kaysanites to
919:
sect that traced the imamate to Ibn
Hanafiyya and his descendants. The sect emerged from the uprising of Mukhtar, whose death did not end the propaganda in favor of Ibn Hanafiyya. The Kaysanites condemned the caliphs preceding Ali ibn Abi Talib as usurpers of his right to succeed the Islamic prophet
889:
Mukhtar was defeated and killed in 686–687, yet Ibn
Hanafiyya was not compromised afterward, which perhaps indicates his weak ties with Mukhtar. Ibn Hanafiyya continued to withhold his support from the two rival caliphates until the fall of Zubayr in 692, at which point he pledged his allegiance to
931:
It is difficult to estimate the numerical strength of the
Kaysanites. Late during the Umayyad period, they likely outnumbered the imamite Shias, who followed a Husaynid line of imams. Indeed, Ibn Hanafiyya and later his successor Abu Hashim diverted considerable support from Ali Zayn al-Abidin and
872:
Saying that he was waiting for communal consensus, Ibn
Hanafiyya had refused to pledge his allegiance to Ibn al-Zubayr, the self-proclaimed caliph in Mecca. Some have therefore suggested that Ibn al-Hanafiyya might have had his own ambitions for the high office. Perhaps it was this refusal to take
936:, for neither of the two laid any public claims to the imamate. The movement of Mukhtar ultimately paved the way for the overthrow of the Umayyads, as the Kaysanites provided the organizational structure for the successful rebellion of the
920:
Muhammad. Most of them regarded Hasan, then Husayn, and finally Ibn
Hanafiyya as the divinely-appointed imams after Ali ibn Abi Talib. When Ibn Hanafiyya died in 700–701, or in 703 or 705, most Kaysanites followed his son
852:, often viewed as responsible for beheading Husayn in Karbala. Elsewhere, Murra ibn Munqidh al-Abdi survived a revenge attempt but was severely wounded. He is said to have killed Husayn's son
747:, the new governor of Kufa, killed Husayn's envoy and intimidated Kufan tribal chiefs. Unlike Husayn, the quiescent Ibn al-Hanafiyya is said to have pledged his allegiance to Yazid.
719:
Upon Mu'awiya's death and Yazid's accession in 680, the latter instructed his governor of Medina to secure Husayn's pledge of allegiance by force. Husayn immediately left for
569:, the eschatological Islamic leader who would reappear in the end of time and eradicate injustice and evil. The Kaysanites later provided the organizational structure for the
857:
837:
True to his promise, Mukhtar killed several figures thought to be responsible for the
Karbala massacre, including the Kufa governor Ibn Ziyad and the Umayyad commander
6007:
7926:
4292:
Pinault, D. (2000). "Zaynab bin 'Ali and the Place of the Women of the
Households of the First Imāms in Shī'īte Devotional Literature". In Hambly, G. (ed.).
3841:
767:
soon claimed to represent Ibn
Hanafiyya in Kufa, calling for revenge for the Karbala massacre. His efforts were bolstered by the defeat of the alternative
549:). The quiescent Ibn al-Hanafiyya did not actively associate with this rebellion but was still rescued by Mukhtar when he was detained by the rival caliph
7534:
511:. Ibn al-Hanafiyya was an effective lieutenant for his father Ali during his caliphate. After the assassination of Ali and the deaths of his two sons
677:) in August 661. Hasan died in 669 in Medina, probably poisoned at the instigation of Mu'awiya, who thus paved the way for the succession of his son
731:, alongside most of his male relatives and his small retinue, having been surrounded for some days and deprived of the drinking water of the nearby
864:
escaped
Mukhtar unharmed. The former was sought for his role in killing Muslim ibn Aqil and the latter was accused of insulting Husayn in Karbala.
723:
to avoid recognizing Yazid as the caliph. There Husayn received some letters of support from Kufans, whose intentions were verified by his envoy,
6190:
7981:
4002:
4641:
3905:
658:. During his caliphate, Ibn al-Hanafiyya accompanied Ali in battles, as his champion and standard-bearer. When Ali was assassinated in
6911:
6658:
4611:
562:
4341:
6702:
4763:
4391:
2333:
921:
623:), or circa 633. He was the only child of Khawla, a freed slave, whom Ali had married sometime after the death of his first wife
136:
63:
707:
prevented the burial of Hasan near his grandfather, Ibn Hanafiyya is said to have convinced Husayn to bury their brother in the
6134:
7702:
5874:
5283:
4773:
4755:
7245:
5884:
5228:
141:
6545:
783:
After Husayn's death, Mukhtar likely considered Ibn Hanafiyya as the rightful imam, referring to him as Ali's surviving
3591:
4494:
4404:
4376:
4354:
4301:
4259:
4237:
4138:
4083:
4050:
4013:
3987:
3968:
3949:
3918:
3893:
3871:
3852:
3829:
3714:
3681:
3635:
3613:
292:
7605:
8238:
7585:
735:. After the battle, the women and children in Husayn's camp were taken prisoner and marched to the Umayyad capital
594:
6338:
6083:
553:. Support for Ibn al-Hanafiyya continued even after the defeat and death of Mukhtar in 686–687 in the form of the
7916:
7864:
7473:
6521:
6185:
5073:
4953:
229:
4153:
191:
8158:
5901:
5879:
5193:
5158:
4634:
4458:
4428:
4329:
4282:
4164:
4102:
4061:
4035:
3793:
3774:
3564:
6028:
5911:
5168:
4988:
2356:
2324:
2146:
1722:
1715:
945:
756:
437:
8179:
7214:
6695:
6367:
6213:
6163:
5604:
5048:
3575:
1701:
759:, retired to an apolitical life in Medina. Ibn al-Hanafiyya was thus considered by many as the head of the
3746:
7847:
6732:
6596:
5944:
5258:
4768:
4745:
4740:
4650:
5306:
7251:
6846:
6832:
6571:
6316:
6090:
5572:
5203:
5163:
4898:
4815:
4669:
2135:
861:
8169:
6798:
6516:
6167:
5929:
5153:
5058:
5033:
4883:
4627:
1729:
1708:
941:
244:
8081:
8228:
8184:
8174:
8164:
6929:
6449:
6063:
5682:
5253:
5183:
3601:
612:
504:
320:
3862:
Daftary, F. (2015). "Shi'i Communities in History". In Daftary, F.; Sajoo, A.B.; Jiwa, S. (eds.).
3580:
944:. They postulated that Abu Hashim was succeeded to the imamate by the head of the Abbasid family,
8072:
8036:
6056:
6014:
5869:
5484:
5273:
5178:
5008:
4963:
4829:
1901:
1306:
891:
853:
772:
4316:
3725:
3553:
7754:
7708:
7097:
6778:
6273:
5934:
5864:
5824:
5809:
5489:
5243:
5148:
5133:
5124:
5003:
4968:
4893:
4597:
1940:
1910:
1872:
1323:
901:). By some accounts, he visited the caliph in Damascus in 692, who generously compensated him.
463:
381:
325:
310:
4271:
8233:
7977:
7631:
6803:
6720:
6466:
6436:
5993:
5889:
5436:
5263:
5013:
4923:
4468:
4045:
3628:
Redemptive Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of Ashura in Twelver Shi'ism
2111:
744:
550:
254:
7672:
4420:
Black Banners from the East: The Establishment of the 'Abbāsid State: Incubation of a Revolt
8218:
8213:
7418:
6825:
6683:
6608:
6453:
6268:
6116:
6021:
6000:
5859:
5814:
5799:
5348:
5198:
5188:
5173:
4993:
4958:
4948:
4943:
4918:
1879:
1687:
1448:
1330:
1299:
565:. After the death of Ibn al-Hanafiyya in 700–701, some Kaysanites declared that he was the
561:
sect that traced the imamate to Ibn al-Hanafiyya and his descendants, particularly his son
386:
239:
8:
8223:
8090:
7857:
7652:
7423:
7154:
7031:
6670:
5970:
5896:
5238:
4888:
4702:
4477:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
4450:
4364:
4220:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
4121:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
3697:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
2280:
2273:
1886:
1865:
1103:
925:
582:
163:
8021:
6899:
6855:
6600:
6413:
6300:
6074:
6035:
5949:
5784:
5747:
5709:
5631:
5506:
5278:
5063:
4938:
4913:
4735:
4722:
4509:
4443:
4438:
3881:
2339:
1931:
1118:
874:
764:
601:
524:
489:
7997:
4473:
4217:
4117:
3693:
8047:
8013:
7957:
7195:
7134:
7041:
6749:
6613:
6462:
6408:
6304:
5939:
5906:
5834:
5829:
5789:
5777:
5762:
5742:
5643:
5619:
5445:
5268:
5108:
5043:
4516:
4504:
4490:
4486:
4454:
4424:
4400:
4372:
4350:
4325:
4297:
4278:
4255:
4233:
4229:
4204:
4183:
4160:
4134:
4130:
4098:
4079:
4057:
4031:
4009:
3983:
3964:
3945:
3929:
3914:
3889:
3867:
3848:
3825:
3808:
3789:
3770:
3733:
3710:
3706:
3677:
3647:
3631:
3609:
3587:
3560:
937:
933:
768:
728:
697:
570:
536:
532:
485:
430:
206:
7200:
4196:
4175:
3941:
3821:
3664:
8243:
7010:
6984:
6687:
6360:
6263:
6104:
5986:
5839:
5819:
5804:
5369:
5028:
4796:
4482:
4386:
4311:
4225:
4148:
4126:
3937:
3817:
3702:
3660:
3623:
1668:
838:
708:
692:
historians as impious and immoral. Hasan was thus succeeded by his younger brother
616:
358:
335:
329:
211:
848:), whose head was then sent to Ibn al-Hanafiyya by some accounts. Also killed was
8085:
7972:
7554:
6904:
6889:
6851:
6818:
6793:
6707:
6654:
6555:
6550:
6526:
6440:
6343:
6290:
6285:
5772:
5675:
5670:
5653:
5614:
5554:
5511:
5318:
5248:
5053:
4801:
4601:
4552:
4418:
3997:
2549:
1694:
1487:
724:
454:
353:
287:
272:
7694:
8107:
8026:
7892:
7869:
7852:
7698:
7623:
7547:
7068:
6974:
6583:
6538:
6533:
6384:
6353:
6258:
6141:
5979:
5732:
5665:
5658:
5648:
5496:
5233:
5094:
5023:
4998:
4858:
4791:
4707:
4589:
4324:. Vol. 14 (Second ed.). Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 9937–9939.
3803:
3758:
3652:
2318:
1337:
693:
630:
516:
51:
8067:
7874:
7061:
8207:
8031:
7961:
7941:
7903:
7522:
7507:
7271:
Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī
7078:
7003:
6813:
6774:
6761:
6736:
6642:
6431:
6403:
6280:
6234:
6152:
5851:
5752:
5737:
5727:
5562:
5524:
5501:
5463:
5374:
5104:
5098:
5088:
5076:
4571:
4561:
4520:
4208:
4187:
4112:
4023:
3812:. In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds.).
3737:
2311:
1004:
667:
663:
512:
315:
7993:
3980:
The Rebel and the Imām in Early Islam: Explorations in Muslim Historiography
8059:
7988:
7776:
Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī
7716:
7689:
7680:
7580:
7057:
6873:
6808:
6501:
6398:
6389:
6295:
6049:
5717:
5636:
5567:
5431:
4928:
4868:
4843:
4824:
4414:
4247:
3762:
423:
411:
399:
7726:
7219:
6839:
4071:
1736:
8041:
7763:
7731:
7676:
7542:
7240:
7205:
7187:
6979:
6716:
6646:
6326:
6225:
5794:
5767:
5757:
5694:
5599:
5589:
5584:
5416:
5399:
5223:
5138:
4978:
4853:
4544:
4538:
949:
586:
493:
234:
3932:. In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Rowson, E. (eds.).
805:) after Hasan and Husayn. Mukhtar also referred to Ibn Hanafiyya as the
771:
rebellion in 684. Mukhtar eventually seized control of Kufa in 686 from
7685:
7482:
7263:
7209:
7107:
7045:
6996:
6962:
6915:
6836:
6769:
6756:
6674:
6650:
6579:
6484:
6426:
6348:
6251:
5624:
5388:
5384:
5218:
5143:
5119:
5084:
5038:
4973:
4933:
4908:
4863:
4848:
4838:
4580:
4342:"Fatima (al-Zahra') bint Muhammad (ca. 12 before Hijra–11/ca. 610–632)"
2343:
2077:
916:
910:
620:
558:
554:
508:
481:
90:
86:
36:
5469:
Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)
5328:
Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī
7945:
7933:
7911:
7842:
7755:
Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī
7746:
7647:
7592:
7517:
7171:
7166:
7092:
7036:
6782:
6637:
6630:
6506:
6417:
6331:
6311:
6156:
6097:
5609:
5577:
5532:
Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī
5420:
5298:
5213:
5208:
5018:
4983:
4878:
4873:
2563:
2556:
1947:
732:
277:
7936:
8130:
8097:
7952:
7837:
7829:
7618:
7023:
6954:
6877:
6860:
6691:
6678:
6511:
6457:
6239:
5687:
5478:
5311:
4903:
4619:
2364:
2086:
1893:
736:
700:
597:
376:
282:
4004:
After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam
829:
pilgrimages by his personal flag as the head of the House of Ali.
8135:
8115:
8076:
7921:
7768:
Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī
7712:
7664:
7511:
7501:
7226:
7175:
7129:
6967:
6864:
6765:
6744:
6623:
6618:
6493:
6444:
6372:
6321:
6042:
5921:
5594:
5408:
5340:
4730:
3767:
God's Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam
3246:
2118:
689:
678:
539:
39:
4294:
Women in the Medieval Islamic World: Power, Patronage, and Piety
3555:
The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi'i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran
581:
Often known by his title Ibn al-Hanafiyya, Muhammad was born to
8140:
8120:
8001:
7965:
7149:
7052:
6989:
6868:
6711:
6665:
6145:
5454:
Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)
5412:
5359:
4783:
4694:
2103:
740:
655:
644:
624:
96:
5319:
Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī
8125:
7161:
6786:
6587:
6575:
5377:
5352:
5323:
4712:
2903:
849:
806:
760:
720:
704:
566:
520:
249:
123:
100:
4369:
Islamic Messianism: The Idea of the Mahdi in Twelver Shi'ism
4095:
Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir
4028:
The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750
3224:
3222:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2752:
7819:
Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī
5363:
5358:
Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-
5288:
4511:
Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam
878:
826:
659:
528:
7779:
Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī
4155:
The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate
3886:
The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam
666:
was elected caliph there, but later abdicated in favor of
643:
Soon after the assassination of the third Rashidun caliph
5722:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3378:
3366:
3344:
3342:
3219:
2988:
2986:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2764:
1923:
590:
183:
157:
5464:
Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī
3438:
3317:
3315:
3290:
3288:
3209:
3207:
3170:
3168:
2857:
2855:
2842:
2840:
2740:
2716:
3275:
3273:
3258:
3234:
3192:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3046:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2891:
2867:
2796:
2786:
2784:
3491:
3462:
3354:
3339:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2932:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
940:, who claimed descent from Muhammad's paternal uncle,
519:, many recognized Ibn al-Hanafiyya as the head of the
5516:
Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)
5479:
Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī
3414:
3327:
3312:
3285:
3204:
3165:
3141:
3105:
3010:
2998:
2852:
2837:
7751:
Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī
5349:
Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī
4197:"Ḥosayn b. 'Ali i. Life and Significance in Shi'ism"
3864:
The Shi'i World: Pathways in Tradition and Modernity
3390:
3300:
3270:
3129:
3117:
3082:
3058:
3022:
2915:
2825:
2781:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2641:
784:
743:. The promised Kufan support did not materialize as
628:
531:
in 686 to avenge Husayn and his relatives, who were
468:
3527:
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3479:
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2968:
2949:
2879:
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2691:
2587:
2585:
867:
755:After the death of Husayn, his only surviving son,
7795:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī
7743:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī
5457:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)
4508:
4472:
4442:
4390:
4340:
4315:
4270:
4152:
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2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
924:, but some thought that Ibn Hanafiyya had entered
7283:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)
3600:
3252:
2638:
8205:
6212:
5446:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām
4467:
2758:
2626:
2582:
16:Alid political and religious leader (c. 637–700)
7610:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī
5460:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī
2597:
4397:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia
4347:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia
6191:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam
5541:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)
4635:
431:
4349:. Vol. 1. Routledge. pp. 248–250.
4052:Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam
7289:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)
4385:
2722:
810:
790:
696:as the head of Muhammad's family. When the
7310:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)
4662:
4642:
4628:
4503:
4399:. Vol. 1. Routledge. pp. 36–37.
3757:
3586:. Vol. 2. Praeger. pp. 111–124.
3372:
2746:
523:. Claiming to represent Ibn al-Hanafiyya,
438:
424:
4437:
4363:
4338:
4310:
3644:
3360:
3174:
2909:
2775:
2661:
615:. Ibn al-Hanafiyya was either born in 16
6912:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
5451:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm
4515:(in German). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.
4215:
4194:
4173:
4147:
3996:
3576:"The Passion of 'Ashura in Shiite Islam"
3064:
2873:
2802:
2790:
2710:
7135:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī
4291:
4273:Islam and Revolution in the Middle East
4022:
3911:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
3861:
3838:
3802:
3744:
3723:
3671:
3509:
3473:
3444:
3420:
3348:
3321:
3294:
3186:
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3004:
2992:
2943:
2846:
2685:
654:), Ali was elected to the caliphate in
600:. Ali is also recognized as the fourth
8206:
6492:
6135:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
4413:
4371:. State University of New York Press.
4268:
4092:
3977:
3958:
3927:
3888:. State University of New York Press.
3880:
3573:
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2649:
750:
573:to overthrew the Umayyads in 750–751.
7703:Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order
6211:
5284:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
4661:
4623:
4246:
4203:. Vol. XII/5. pp. 493–498.
4111:
4078:. Translated by Bowden, J. Oneworld.
4044:
3902:
3783:
3622:
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2005:
2003:
2001:
1995:
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1991:
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964:
962:
4649:
4453:State University of New York Press.
4070:
3690:
3240:
3076:
2620:
714:
635:of Ibn Hanafiyya was Abu al-Qasim.
6923:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi
4182:. Vol. XII/1. pp. 26–28.
3606:What is Sh'i Islam: An Introduction
884:
458:
13:
3786:Medieval Islamic Political Thought
3753:. Vol. I/8. pp. 855–856.
3559:. University of Washington Press.
832:
14:
8255:
7295:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)
4474:"(al-)Ḥasan b. 'Alī b. Abī Ṭālib"
3866:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 169–209.
3732:. Vol. I/1. pp. 77–79.
3648:"'Alī b. al-Ḥusayn, Abū al-Ḥasan"
915:The now-extinct Kaysanites was a
293:Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim
7313:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)
5535:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard
5407:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-
5085:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit
4487:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0272
4230:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0618
4131:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0543
3707:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5351
3674:Muhammad and the Course of Islam
868:Confrontation with Ibn al-Zubayr
862:Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Kindi
405:
190:
7865:United Submitters International
7144:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir
6522:Alid dynasties of northern Iran
5875:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
4076:Islam: Past, Present and Future
3942:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26324
3822:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26329
3665:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_SIM_0253
896:
683:
672:
662:in January 661, his eldest son
649:
606:
544:
498:
8159:Sunni schools of jurisprudence
7172:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād
5885:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
5880:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
5538:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)
5159:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari
4252:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
4159:. Cambridge University Press.
4030:(Second ed.). Routledge.
3982:. Cambridge University Press.
3963:. Cambridge University Press.
3788:. Edinburgh University Press.
3769:. Cambridge University Press.
955:
1:
7586:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi
5912:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid
3726:"'Abbās b. 'Alī b. Abū Ṭāleb"
3659:. Translated by Negahban, F.
3253:Amir-Moezzi & Jambet 2018
904:
757:Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
638:
474:
82:
7274:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)
7215:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi
7196:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi
6214:Islamic schools and branches
5049:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
4954:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
4176:"Ḥasan b. 'Ali b. Abi Ṭāleb"
3961:Shī'ī Islam: An Introduction
2575:
843:
627:, daughter of Muhammad. The
7:
7206:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin
5902:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam
5259:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi
5194:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi
3913:. Oxford University Press.
3694:"Muḥammad Ibn al-Ḥanafiyya"
877:, near Mecca, and later in
785:
629:
535:in 680 CE by forces of the
469:
459:مُحَمَّد ابْن الْحَنَفِيَّة
10:
8260:
7962:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir
7402:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī
7155:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī
6833:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani
6317:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
5573:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
5204:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
5164:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi
4989:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
3906:"Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya"
3578:. In Cornell, V.J. (ed.).
3543:
2136:Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
908:
858:Asma ibn Kharija al-Fazari
8153:
8106:
8058:
8012:
7902:
7889:
7828:
7725:
7663:
7646:
7533:
7481:
7472:
7411:
7328:
7262:
7239:
7186:
7106:
7091:
7021:
6888:
6731:
6595:
6570:
6546:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects
6483:
6383:
6233:
6224:
6220:
6207:
6181:
6126:
6073:
5969:
5962:
5920:
5890:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine
5850:
5708:
5605:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
5553:
5523:
5430:
5398:
5339:
5297:
5118:
5072:
5059:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
5034:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi
4884:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
4823:
4814:
4782:
4754:
4721:
4693:
4686:
4682:
4657:
4608:
4594:
4586:
4579:
4534:Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya
4531:
4277:. Yale University Press.
4254:. Yale University Press.
2482:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2238:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2182:
2180:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2156:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2108:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2011:
1999:
1997:
1981:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1937:
1907:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1816:
1814:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1754:
1752:
1698:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1419:
1417:
1377:
1375:
1334:
1303:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1186:
1184:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1057:
1055:
850:Shamir ibn Dhi al-Jawshan
470:Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya
451:Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya
150:
129:
119:
107:
78:
73:
69:
57:
45:
34:
30:
25:Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya
23:
7575:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī
6450:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi
6064:The Moderation in Belief
5945:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya
5683:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi
5254:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
5184:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi
4322:Encyclopedia of Religion
3843:A History of Shi'i Islam
778:
703:and the prophet's widow
576:
321:The Fourteen Infallibles
8239:7th-century Arab people
8037:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
7428:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān
7346:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī
7118:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād
6057:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi
6015:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah
5870:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
5274:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
5179:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti
5169:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
5009:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani
4964:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
4899:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini
4395:. In Meri, J.W. (ed.).
4345:. In Meri, J.W. (ed.).
7709:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu
7286:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)
6779:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana
6274:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
5935:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd
5930:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani
5865:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani
5825:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi
5810:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
5490:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri
5485:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar
5244:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
5154:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi
5149:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
5134:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi
5004:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
4969:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
4894:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
4479:Encyclopaedia of Islam
4339:Qutbuddin, T. (2006).
4320:. In Jones, L. (ed.).
4222:Encyclopaedia of Islam
4123:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3934:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3814:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3699:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3672:Balyuzi, H.M. (2002).
3657:Encyclopaedia Islamica
3645:Bahramian, A. (2015).
3373:Crone & Hinds 2003
1911:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
1324:Muṭṭalib ibn Abd Manaf
820:the rightly-guided one
382:Succession to Muhammad
311:Military career of Ali
245:Timeline of Ali's life
7978:Wallace Fard Muhammad
6930:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya
6437:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
6186:Early Muslim scholars
5994:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
5264:Rahmatullah Kairanawi
5014:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi
4924:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
4216:Madelung, W. (2012).
4201:Encyclopaedia Iranica
4195:Madelung, W. (2004).
4180:Encyclopaedia Iranica
4174:Madelung, W. (2003).
4093:Lalani, A.R. (2000).
3928:Gleave, R.M. (2008).
3751:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3730:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3604:; Jambet, C. (2018).
3574:Aghaie, K.S. (2007).
3551:Aghaie, K.S. (2004).
2759:Veccia Vaglieri 2012a
745:Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad
688:) often portrayed by
551:Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad
488:, who was the fourth
255:Event of Ghadir Khumm
7624:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya
7419:Al-Harith ibn Surayj
6609:Theology of Twelvers
6454:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
6001:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
5800:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
5199:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi
5189:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni
5174:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
4994:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
4959:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
4949:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
4944:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
4919:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
4392:"'Ali ibn Abi Talib"
3839:Daftary, F. (2013).
3745:Calmard, J. (1985).
3724:Calmard, J. (1982).
2912:, pp. 175, 188.
1866:ʾAbī Sufyān ibn Harb
1449:Umayya ibn Abd Shams
1300:Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf
773:Abd Allah ibn Zubayr
387:Great Mosque of Kufa
7858:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez
7600:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī
7572:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya
7370:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī
7032:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah
6339:Other Salafi trends
6168:Musta'li Isma'ilism
6084:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya
5475:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr
5239:Anwar Shah Kashmiri
4889:Zakariyya al-Ansari
4481:(Second ed.).
4469:Veccia Vaglieri, L.
4269:Munson, H. (1988).
4224:(Second ed.).
4125:(Second ed.).
3978:Haider, N. (2019).
3959:Haider, N. (2014).
3930:"'Alī b. Abī Ṭālib"
3701:(Second ed.).
3387:, pp. 116–117.
3243:, pp. 199–200.
3231:, pp. 270–271.
1941:Khawlah bint Ja'far
1104:Abd Manaf ibn Qusai
890:the Umayyad caliph
751:Uprising of Mukhtar
585:, a woman from the
178:Part of a series on
164:Khawla al-Hanafiyya
8157:Other scholars of
8048:Islamic modernists
8022:Modernist Salafism
7673:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
7632:Abdullah ibn Saba'
7567:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar
7452:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf
7440:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr
7431:Muhārīb ibn Dithār
7362:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī
6684:Astarabadi (Naimi)
6414:Abdullah al-Harari
6368:Muhammad bin Dawud
6301:Syed Nazeer Husain
6036:Tabsirat al-Adilla
5950:Al-Mansur al-Qasim
5785:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
5632:Syed Nazeer Husain
5555:Salafi Theologians
5307:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham
5279:Muhammad Abu Zahra
5064:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
4914:Abdul Qadir Gilani
4317:"Zaynab bint 'Alī"
3936:(Third ed.).
3903:Gifis, A. (2018).
3816:(Three ed.).
3784:Crone, P. (2005).
3691:Buhl, Fr. (2012).
2147:ʿAli ibn ʿAbdallāh
2104:ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān
1119:Ātikah bint Murrah
765:Mukhtar al-Thaqafi
593:, a cousin of the
583:Khawla bint Ja'far
540:Yazid bin Mu'awiya
525:Mukhtar al-Thaqafi
8201:
8200:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8149:
8148:
7958:Muhammad Jaunpuri
7885:
7884:
7811:Sumāma ibn Ashras
7642:
7641:
7493:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî
7468:
7467:
7338:Gaylān ibn Marwān
7235:
7234:
7087:
7086:
6750:Abdallah al-Aftah
6566:
6565:
6479:
6478:
6463:Necmettin Erbakan
6305:Siddiq Hasan Khan
6269:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la
6203:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6177:
6176:
6117:Tajrid al-I'tiqad
6111:Tashih al-I'tiqad
6022:Al-Sawad al-A'zam
5958:
5957:
5940:Al-Qasim al-Rassi
5907:Idris Imad al-Din
5860:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man
5835:Ruhollah Khomeini
5815:Zurarah ibn A'yan
5790:Sharif al-Murtaza
5778:Muhammad al-Mahdi
5763:Muhammad al-Jawad
5743:Muhammad al-Baqir
5644:Siddiq Hasan Khan
5620:Rabee al-Madkhali
5269:Murtada al-Zabidi
5044:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
4810:
4809:
4618:
4617:
4609:Succeeded by
4581:Shia Islam titles
4439:Tabatabai, S.M.H.
3676:. George Ronald.
3602:Amir-Moezzi, M.A.
3500:, pp. 91–92.
3447:, pp. 52–53.
3267:, pp. 34–35.
3201:, pp. 44–45.
3055:, pp. 97–98.
2900:, pp. 22–23.
2573:
2572:
2550:Ibrāhim "al-Imām"
934:Muhammad al-Baqir
729:Battle of Karbala
715:Battle of Karbala
591:Ali ibn Abi Talib
486:Ali ibn Abi Talib
467:
448:
447:
207:Sunni view of Ali
173:
172:
158:Ali ibn Abi Talib
8251:
7900:
7899:
7661:
7660:
7479:
7478:
7455:Nusayr ibn Yahyā
7437:Awn ibn Abdullāh
7424:Sa'id ibn Jubayr
7394:Ubayd al-Mūktaib
7260:
7259:
7104:
7103:
7073:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus
7042:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī
7011:Khashabiyya Shia
6947:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān
6905:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān
6688:Imadaddin Nasimi
6593:
6592:
6490:
6489:
6361:Salafi Modernism
6264:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
6231:
6230:
6222:
6221:
6209:
6208:
6105:Awail Al Maqalat
5987:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
5967:
5966:
5897:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
5852:Isma'ili Shi'ism
5840:Wilayat al-faqih
5820:Hisham ibn Hakam
5805:Allamah Al-Hilli
5029:Muhammad Mayyara
4821:
4820:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4659:
4658:
4651:Islamic theology
4644:
4637:
4630:
4621:
4620:
4587:Preceded by
4575:
4565:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4514:
4500:
4476:
4464:
4449:. Translated by
4448:
4434:
4423:. Magnes Press.
4410:
4394:
4382:
4360:
4344:
4335:
4319:
4307:
4288:
4276:
4265:
4243:
4212:
4191:
4170:
4158:
4144:
4120:
4108:
4089:
4067:
4055:
4041:
4019:
4007:
3993:
3974:
3955:
3924:
3908:
3899:
3877:
3858:
3846:
3835:
3811:
3799:
3780:
3754:
3741:
3720:
3696:
3687:
3668:
3650:
3641:
3619:
3597:
3585:
3570:
3558:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
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3495:
3489:
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3477:
3471:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
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3358:
3352:
3346:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3298:
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3283:
3277:
3268:
3262:
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3250:
3244:
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3202:
3196:
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3172:
3163:
3157:
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3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
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3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2981:
2975:
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2947:
2941:
2930:
2924:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
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2883:
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2871:
2865:
2859:
2850:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2779:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2723:Shah-Kazemi 2006
2720:
2714:
2708:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2595:
2589:
1488:ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
960:
959:
946:Muhammad ibn Ali
900:
898:
885:Death of Mukhtar
847:
845:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
788:
687:
685:
676:
674:
653:
651:
645:Uthman ibn Affan
634:
611:) and the first
610:
608:
557:, a now-extinct
548:
546:
503:) and the first
502:
500:
479:
476:
472:
462:
460:
440:
433:
426:
412:Islam portal
410:
409:
408:
371:Related articles
359:Hazrat Ali Mazar
336:Ali in the Quran
330:The Twelve Imams
212:Shia view of Ali
194:
175:
174:
84:
60:
48:
21:
20:
8259:
8258:
8254:
8253:
8252:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8229:Children of Ali
8204:
8203:
8202:
8189:
8145:
8102:
8073:Ahmed Raza Khan
8054:
8008:
7998:Fethullah Gülen
7973:Nation of Islam
7894:
7891:
7881:
7824:
7801:Ahmad ibn Hābīt
7729:
7721:
7654:
7650:
7638:
7559:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā
7529:
7464:
7449:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb
7407:
7324:
7253:
7250:
7247:
7243:
7231:
7182:
7095:
7083:
7017:
6891:
6884:
6852:Hassan-i Sabbah
6735:
6727:
6599:
6586:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6562:
6527:Hasan al-Utrush
6475:
6441:Ahmed Raza Khan
6387:
6379:
6286:Dawud al-Zahiri
6237:
6216:
6195:
6173:
6122:
6069:
6029:Kitab al-Tawhid
5954:
5916:
5846:
5773:Hasan al-Askari
5748:Ja'far al-Sadiq
5710:Twelver Shi'ism
5704:
5676:Salafi Jihadism
5671:Osama bin Laden
5654:Safar Al-Hawali
5615:Saleh Al-Fawzan
5549:
5519:
5512:Sahib ibn Abbad
5507:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid
5472:Ja'far ibn Harb
5437:Wasil ibn 'Ata'
5434:
5426:
5394:
5355:ī (Muqātilīyya)
5335:
5293:
5249:Shah Abdul Aziz
5122:
5114:
5068:
5054:Ahmad al-Dardir
4939:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
4827:
4806:
4778:
4750:
4717:
4678:
4677:
4653:
4648:
4614:
4605:
4602:Kaysanites Shia
4592:
4566:
4557:
4556:
4548:
4541:
4536:
4527:
4497:
4461:
4431:
4407:
4387:Shah-Kazemi, R.
4379:
4365:Sachedina, A.A.
4357:
4332:
4304:
4285:
4262:
4240:
4167:
4141:
4105:
4097:. I.B. Tauris.
4086:
4064:
4038:
4016:
3990:
3971:
3952:
3921:
3896:
3874:
3855:
3847:. I.B. Tauris.
3832:
3796:
3777:
3717:
3684:
3638:
3616:
3594:
3582:Voices of Islam
3567:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3496:
3492:
3484:
3480:
3472:
3463:
3455:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3431:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3293:
3286:
3278:
3271:
3263:
3259:
3255:, p. 38n9.
3251:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3220:
3212:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3150:, pp. 8–9.
3146:
3142:
3134:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2950:
2942:
2933:
2925:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2853:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2782:
2778:, p. 9937.
2774:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2747:Wellhausen 1901
2745:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2598:
2590:
2583:
2578:
2361:
2358:
2336:
2321:
1928:
1898:
1074:Waqida bint Amr
958:
913:
907:
895:
887:
870:
842:
835:
833:Avenging Husayn
822:
819:
816:
813:
802:
799:
796:
793:
781:
753:
733:Euphrates River
725:Muslim ibn Aqil
717:
682:
671:
648:
641:
605:
602:Rashidun caliph
595:Islamic prophet
579:
543:
497:
484:) was a son of
477:
444:
406:
404:
392:
391:
377:Rashidun Caliph
372:
364:
363:
354:Imam Ali Shrine
349:
341:
340:
306:
298:
297:
288:Imam Ali Mosque
273:Nahj al-Balagha
268:
260:
259:
225:
217:
216:
202:
169:
146:
115:
112:
103:
94:
58:
46:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8257:
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8231:
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8216:
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8064:
8062:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8052:
8051:
8050:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8027:Muhammad Abduh
8018:
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8010:
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8007:
8006:
8005:
8004:
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7908:
7906:
7897:
7887:
7886:
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7882:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7877:
7872:
7870:Rashad Khalifa
7862:
7861:
7860:
7855:
7853:Muhammad Iqbal
7845:
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7699:Bektashi Order
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7644:
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7551:
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7548:Abu al-Khattab
7539:
7537:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7506:Abū Hulmān al-
7499:
7496:
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7494:
7487:
7485:
7476:
7470:
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7465:
7463:
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7461:Amr ibn Murrah
7459:
7458:Ahmad ibn Hārb
7456:
7453:
7450:
7447:
7446:Salm ibn Sālem
7444:
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7378:Sāleh ibn Umar
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7354:Gassān al-Kūfī
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7201:Jābir ibn Zayd
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7069:Tawussite Shia
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6723:
6714:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6681:
6663:
6662:
6661:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6621:
6605:
6603:
6590:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6539:Imams of Yemen
6536:
6534:Yahya ibn Umar
6531:
6530:
6529:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6498:
6496:
6487:
6481:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6460:
6447:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6406:
6395:
6393:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6288:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6245:
6243:
6228:
6218:
6217:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6160:
6149:
6142:Kitab al-Majmu
6138:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6113:
6108:
6101:
6094:
6087:
6079:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6060:
6053:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5983:
5980:Asas al-Taqdis
5975:
5973:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5832:
5830:Ja'far Sobhani
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5733:Husayn ibn Ali
5730:
5725:
5714:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5668:
5666:Salman al-Ouda
5663:
5662:
5661:
5659:Sahwa movement
5651:
5649:Zubair Ali Zai
5646:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5570:
5565:
5559:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5529:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5497:Al-Zamakhshari
5494:
5493:
5492:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5442:
5440:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5404:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5372:
5356:
5345:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5303:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5234:Ahmad Sirhindi
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5102:
5095:Malik ibn Anas
5092:
5081:
5079:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4859:Al-Shahrastani
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4688:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4655:
4654:
4647:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4607:
4593:
4590:Husayn ibn Ali
4588:
4584:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4549:
4542:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4505:Wellhausen, J.
4501:
4495:
4465:
4459:
4435:
4429:
4411:
4405:
4383:
4377:
4361:
4355:
4336:
4330:
4308:
4302:
4289:
4283:
4266:
4260:
4244:
4238:
4213:
4192:
4171:
4165:
4145:
4139:
4109:
4103:
4090:
4084:
4068:
4062:
4042:
4036:
4020:
4014:
3994:
3988:
3975:
3969:
3956:
3950:
3925:
3919:
3900:
3894:
3878:
3872:
3859:
3853:
3836:
3830:
3800:
3794:
3781:
3775:
3755:
3742:
3721:
3715:
3688:
3682:
3669:
3642:
3636:
3630:. De Gruyter.
3620:
3614:
3598:
3593:978-0275987343
3592:
3571:
3565:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3514:
3502:
3490:
3478:
3476:, p. 110.
3461:
3449:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3375:, p. 103.
3365:
3361:Sachedina 1981
3353:
3351:, p. 175.
3338:
3336:, p. 116.
3326:
3311:
3299:
3284:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3218:
3216:, p. 270.
3203:
3191:
3179:
3175:Bahramian 2015
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3081:
3079:, p. 200.
3069:
3057:
3045:
3033:
3021:
3019:, p. 267.
3009:
2997:
2995:, p. 173.
2982:
2967:
2948:
2946:, p. 200.
2931:
2914:
2910:Tabatabai 1975
2902:
2890:
2878:
2876:, p. 332.
2866:
2864:, p. 117.
2851:
2836:
2834:, p. 158.
2824:
2807:
2805:, p. 331.
2795:
2780:
2776:Qutbuddin 2005
2763:
2751:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2662:Qutbuddin 2006
2654:
2637:
2625:
2596:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2331:
2329:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:Salma bint Amr
1335:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
957:
954:
932:his successor
909:Main article:
906:
903:
899: 685–705
886:
883:
869:
866:
834:
831:
780:
777:
752:
749:
716:
713:
686: 680–683
675: 661–680
652: 644–656
640:
637:
609: 656–661
578:
575:
547: 680–683
537:Umayyad caliph
501: 656–661
478: 637–700
446:
445:
443:
442:
435:
428:
420:
417:
416:
415:
414:
402:
394:
393:
390:
389:
384:
379:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
356:
350:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
333:
323:
318:
313:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
209:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
187:
186:
180:
179:
171:
170:
168:
167:
161:
154:
152:
148:
147:
145:
144:
139:
133:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
105:
104:
95:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
66:
61:
55:
54:
49:
43:
42:
32:
31:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8256:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8211:
8209:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8160:
8156:
8155:
8152:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8109:
8108:Other beliefs
8105:
8099:
8096:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8083:
8082:Hilmi Tunahan
8080:
8078:
8074:
8071:
8070:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8063:
8061:
8057:
8049:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8032:Muhammad Asad
8030:
8028:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8015:
8011:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7990:
7987:
7983:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7951:
7947:
7943:
7942:Sabbatai Zevi
7940:
7939:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7888:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7863:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7831:
7827:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:Ali al-Aswarī
7791:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7762:
7756:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7728:
7724:
7718:
7714:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7649:
7645:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7604:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7582:
7579:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7566:
7565:
7564:Muʿāmmarīyya
7563:
7558:
7557:
7556:
7553:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7536:
7532:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7504:
7503:
7500:
7497:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7471:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7433:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7410:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7327:
7318:
7315:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7279:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7249:
7242:
7238:
7228:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7185:
7177:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7151:
7148:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7128:
7123:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7102:
7099:
7094:
7090:
7080:
7079:Waqifite Shia
7077:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7025:
7020:
7012:
7009:
7005:
7004:Ishaq al-Turk
7002:
6998:
6995:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6956:
6953:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6887:
6879:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6848:
6845:
6841:
6838:
6834:
6831:
6827:
6824:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6800:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6780:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6762:Hamdan Qarmat
6760:
6759:
6758:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6664:
6660:
6659:Safavid Islam
6656:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6643:Sheikh Haydar
6641:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6547:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6419:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6386:
6382:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6236:
6235:Ahl al-Hadith
6232:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6210:
6206:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6170:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5922:Zaydi Shi'ism
5919:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5753:Musa al-Kazim
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5738:Ali al-Sajjad
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:Hasan ibn Ali
5726:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5699:Post-Salafism
5698:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5563:Ibn Taymiyyah
5561:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5544:Mustadrakīyya
5543:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5502:Amr ibn Ubayd
5500:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5433:
5429:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4640:
4638:
4633:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4613:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4573:
4570:
4563:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4547:
4546:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4522:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4496:9789004161214
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:Shi'ite Islam
4440:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4406:9780415966917
4402:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4378:9780873954587
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4356:9780415966917
4352:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4312:Qutbuddin, T.
4309:
4305:
4303:9780333800355
4299:
4296:. Macmillan.
4295:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4267:
4263:
4261:9780300035315
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4239:9789004161214
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4140:9789004161214
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4085:9781851683772
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4047:
4046:Jafri, S.H.M.
4043:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4024:Hawting, G.R.
4021:
4017:
4015:9780385532099
4011:
4008:. Doubleday.
4006:
4005:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3989:9781108708142
3985:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3970:9781107031432
3966:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3951:9789004171374
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3920:9780191744457
3916:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3895:9780791470336
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3873:9781784534776
3869:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3854:9781780768410
3850:
3845:
3844:
3837:
3833:
3831:9789004171374
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3716:9789004161214
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3685:
3683:9780853984788
3679:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3637:9789027979438
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3615:9781138093737
3611:
3608:. Routledge.
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3549:
3548:
3536:, p. 69.
3535:
3530:
3524:, p. 71.
3523:
3518:
3511:
3506:
3499:
3494:
3488:, p. 91.
3487:
3482:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3458:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3435:, p. 37.
3434:
3429:
3423:, p. 37.
3422:
3417:
3410:
3405:
3399:, p. 38.
3398:
3393:
3386:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3330:
3324:, p. 39.
3323:
3318:
3316:
3309:, p. 11.
3308:
3303:
3297:, p. 52.
3296:
3291:
3289:
3282:, p. 34.
3281:
3276:
3274:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3249:
3242:
3237:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3200:
3195:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3162:, p. 30.
3161:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3138:, p. 32.
3137:
3132:
3126:, p. 43.
3125:
3120:
3114:, p. 53.
3113:
3108:
3102:, p. 33.
3101:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3065:Madelung 2012
3061:
3054:
3049:
3043:, p. 47.
3042:
3037:
3031:, p. 97.
3030:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3007:, p. 51.
3006:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2980:, p. 35.
2979:
2974:
2972:
2965:, p. 36.
2964:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2929:, p. 96.
2928:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2911:
2906:
2899:
2894:
2888:, p. 98.
2887:
2882:
2875:
2874:Madelung 1997
2870:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2849:, p. 70.
2848:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2822:, p. 28.
2821:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2804:
2803:Madelung 1997
2799:
2792:
2791:Madelung 2003
2787:
2785:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2755:
2749:, p. 18.
2748:
2743:
2737:, p. 25.
2736:
2731:
2725:, p. 37.
2724:
2719:
2712:
2711:Madelung 2004
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2676:, p. 77.
2675:
2670:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2634:
2629:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2487:
2484:
2476:
2474:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2438:
2436:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2282:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2148:
2137:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2007:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1764:
1762:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1565:
1563:
1539:
1537:
1519:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1450:
1426:
1424:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1308:
1301:
1281:
1278:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1258:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1222:
1220:
1196:
1194:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1105:
1064:
1062:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:Quraysh tribe
961:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
929:
927:
923:
918:
912:
902:
893:
882:
880:
876:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
840:
839:Umar ibn Sa'd
830:
828:
808:
787:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
712:
710:
709:Baqi Cemetery
706:
702:
699:
695:
691:
680:
669:
665:
661:
657:
646:
636:
633:
632:
626:
622:
618:
614:
603:
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
541:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
495:
491:
487:
483:
471:
465:
456:
452:
441:
436:
434:
429:
427:
422:
421:
419:
418:
413:
403:
401:
398:
397:
396:
395:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
368:
367:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
348:Burial places
345:
344:
337:
334:
331:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
316:Ali as Caliph
314:
312:
309:
308:
302:
301:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
264:
263:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Assassination
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
221:
220:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
198:
197:
193:
189:
188:
185:
182:
181:
177:
176:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
153:
149:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:Medina, Hejaz
110:
106:
102:
98:
92:
88:
81:
77:
72:
68:
65:
62:
56:
53:
50:
44:
41:
38:
33:
29:
22:
19:
8234:Arab princes
8091:Other orders
7996: /
7989:Nur movement
7960: /
7917:Mirza Ghulam
7848:Tolu-e-Islam
7717:Galibi Order
7715: /
7695:Balım Sultan
7690:Babai revolt
7681:Qalandariyya
7679: /
7581:Mufaḍḍaliyya
7490:Jawārībīyya
7443:Umar ibn Zar
7412:Other Murjīs
7141:Bayhasīyyah
7058:Nuqta-yi Ula
6874:Pir Sadardin
6867: /
6781: /
6777: /
6694: /
6686: /
6673: /
6653: /
6649: /
6645: /
6502:Zayd ibn Ali
6452: /
6439: /
6390:Ilm al-Kalam
6303: /
6296:Ahl-i Hadith
6164:Umm al-kitab
6162:
6151:
6140:
6133:
6115:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6082:
6062:
6055:
6050:Fihi Ma Fihi
6048:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5718:Twelve Imams
5637:Ahl-i Hadith
5568:Ibnul Qayyim
5448:(Nazzāmīyya)
4929:Ibn al-Jawzi
4869:Al-Taftazani
4844:Al-Baqillani
4595:
4568:
4558:
4553:Banu Quraish
4551:
4550:Clan of the
4543:
4533:
4510:
4478:
4444:
4419:
4396:
4368:
4346:
4321:
4293:
4272:
4251:
4221:
4200:
4179:
4154:
4149:Madelung, W.
4122:
4094:
4075:
4051:
4027:
4003:
3998:Hazleton, L.
3979:
3960:
3933:
3910:
3885:
3882:Dakake, M.M.
3863:
3842:
3813:
3785:
3766:
3750:
3747:"'Alī Akbar"
3729:
3698:
3673:
3656:
3627:
3605:
3581:
3554:
3529:
3517:
3510:Daftary 2008
3505:
3493:
3481:
3474:Hawting 2000
3452:
3445:Hawting 2000
3440:
3428:
3421:Daftary 2013
3416:
3411:, p. 5.
3404:
3392:
3380:
3368:
3363:, p. 9.
3356:
3349:Daftary 2015
3329:
3322:Daftary 2013
3302:
3295:Hawting 2000
3260:
3248:
3236:
3194:
3187:Calmard 1985
3182:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3112:Hawting 2000
3107:
3072:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3012:
3005:Hawting 2000
3000:
2993:Daftary 2015
2944:Balyuzi 2002
2905:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2847:Pinault 2000
2827:
2798:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2718:
2686:Calmard 1982
2681:
2669:
2657:
2628:
2362:
2337:
2322:
2102:
2085:
2076:
1929:
1924:
1899:
1894:
1003:
930:
914:
892:Abd al-Malik
888:
871:
854:Ali al-Akbar
836:
782:
761:House of Ali
754:
718:
642:
580:
521:House of Ali
450:
449:
305:Perspectives
59:Succeeded by
18:
8219:630s births
8042:Rashid Rida
7890:Independent
7875:Edip Yüksel
7838:Ahle Qur'an
7789:Nazzāmīyya
7786:Ikhshīdiyya
7773:Huzaylīyya
7764:Bahshamiyya
7740:Mā’marīyya
7732:Rationalism
7677:Malamatiyya
7597:Mānsūrīyya
7543:Khaṭṭābiyya
7474:Mu'shabbiha
7434:Sābit Kutna
7367:Sawbānīyya
7351:Gassānīyya
7335:Gaylānīyya
7329:Other sects
7124:Sa'labīyyah
7121:Maymunīyyah
7098:Arbitration
6980:Khurramites
6944:Sam‘ānīyya
6717:Bābā Rexheb
6647:Shah Ismail
6467:Millî Görüş
6385:Ahl ar-Ra'y
6327:Al-Uthaymin
6248:Kullabiyya
6226:Sunni Islam
6127:Independent
5971:Sunni books
5795:Shaykh Tusi
5768:Ali al-Hadi
5758:Ali al-Rida
5695:Yasir Qadhi
5600:Al-Uthaymin
5590:Rashid Rida
5585:Al-Shawkani
5481:(Jāhizīyya)
5466:(Jubbāīyya)
5370:Jawālikīyya
5224:Ali al-Qari
5139:Al-Sarakhsi
5125:Al-Maturidi
4999:Al-Sha'rani
4979:Ibn Khaldun
4854:Al-Qushayri
4816:Theologians
4797:Metaphysics
4703:Eschatology
4670:Theologians
4545:Banu Hashim
4539:Ahl al-Bayt
4056:. Longman.
3804:Daftary, F.
3653:Daftary, F.
3624:Ayoub, M.M.
3457:Haider 2014
3409:Dakake 2007
3397:Haider 2014
3385:Sharon 1983
3334:Sharon 1983
3307:Lalani 2000
3280:Lalani 2000
3265:Lalani 2000
3229:Haider 2019
3214:Haider 2019
3199:Haider 2019
3148:Aghaie 2004
3136:Haider 2019
3124:Haider 2019
3100:Lalani 2000
3053:Dakake 2007
3029:Dakake 2007
3017:Haider 2019
2927:Dakake 2007
2898:Munson 1988
2862:Aghaie 2007
2650:Gleave 2008
2325:Family tree
2078:Muʿāwiyah I
1932:Family tree
1902:Family tree
956:Family tree
926:occultation
589:tribe, and
587:Banu Hanifa
494:Sunni Islam
235:First Fitna
47:Preceded by
8224:700 deaths
8208:Categories
8086:Süleymancı
7994:Said Nursî
7953:Mahdavīyya
7904:Messianism
7808:Sumamīyya
7798:Hābītīyya
7686:Baba Ishak
7628:Saba'īyya
7615:Mukhāmmīsa
7606:Mughīrīyya
7593:Ghurābīyya
7555:Bāzīghiyya
7523:Bārāq Bābā
7502:Hulmānīyya
7399:Ziyādīyya
7391:Ubaydīyya
7383:Shamrīyya
7375:Sālehīyya
7359:Tūmanīyya
7343:Yūnusīyya
7304:Sauwāqīyya
7280:Hakāiqīyya
7264:Karrāmīyya
7254:Hanafiyyah
7108:Kharijites
7046:Nuktawiyya
6997:al-Muqanna
6975:Muḥammirah
6963:Abu Muslim
6959:Rezāmīyya
6934:Hārithīyya
6926:Janāhiyya
6916:Hashimiyya
6890:Kaysanites
6837:Badakhshan
6770:Qarmatians
6757:Batiniyyah
6737:Isma'ilism
6708:Demir Bābā
6703:Baktāshism
6696:Bektashism
6675:ibn Nusayr
6671:al-Khaṣībī
6655:Kul Nesîmî
6651:Pir Sultan
6556:Khalafiyya
6551:Dukayniyya
6485:Shia Islam
6427:Maturidism
6349:Madkhalism
6252:Ibn Kullab
6075:Shia books
5625:Madkhalism
5525:Najjārīyya
5415:al-Qībtī (
5389:Karramiyya
5385:Ibn Karram
5341:Mu'jassimā
5229:Al-Maydani
5219:Ali Qushji
5144:Al-Bazdawi
5120:Maturidism
5105:Al-Shafi'i
4974:Al-Baydawi
4934:Qadi Ayyad
4909:Ibn Tumart
4864:Al-Ghazali
4849:Al-Juwayni
4839:Al-Bayhaqi
4830:al-Ash'ari
4802:Philosophy
4723:Philosophy
4612:Abu Hashim
4460:0873953908
4451:Nasr, S.H.
4430:9652235016
4415:Sharon, M.
4331:002865983X
4284:0300041276
4218:"al-Mahdī"
4166:0521561817
4104:1850435928
4063:0582780802
4037:0415240735
3795:0748621946
3776:0521541115
3566:0295984481
3534:Momen 1985
3522:Momen 1985
3498:Crone 2005
3486:Crone 2005
3433:Momen 1985
3160:Momen 1985
3041:Momen 1985
2978:Momen 1985
2963:Momen 1985
2886:Ayoub 1978
2832:Jafri 1979
2820:Momen 1985
2735:Momen 1985
2674:Crone 2005
2633:Gifis 2018
2592:Lewis 2012
2344:Hashimiyya
2340:al-Mukhtār
1730:al-ʿAbbās
1688:Abū al-ʿĀs
1307:‘Abd Shams
922:Abu Hashim
911:Kaysanites
905:Kaysanites
846: 686
763:. Indeed,
668:Mu'awiya I
639:Early life
563:Abu Hashim
555:Kaysanites
509:Shia Islam
230:Birthplace
111:700–701 CE
64:Abu Hashim
8014:Modernism
7946:Sabbatean
7934:Kabbalist
7912:Ahmadiyya
7843:Kala Kato
7816:Kā‘bīyya
7747:Bishriyya
7727:Muʿtazila
7655:al-Juhani
7648:Qadariyah
7518:Kalandars
7498:Hāshwīyya
7386:Abū Shamr
7319:Zarībīyya
7316:Wāhidīyya
7307:Sūramīyya
7301:Razīnīyya
7277:Dhīmmīyya
7246:Hasan ibn
7220:Wahbiyyah
7167:Abu Qurra
7093:Muhakkima
7037:Hurufiyya
7024:Mahdiists
6939:Riyāhīyya
6920:Hārbīyya
6861:Aga Khans
6856:Assassins
6819:Sulaymani
6783:ad-Darazi
6721:Hārābātīs
6638:Qizilbash
6631:Shaykhism
6507:Jarudiyya
6418:Al-Ahbash
6399:Ash'arism
6332:Al-Albani
6312:Wahhabism
6157:Ahmadiyya
6098:Al-Khisal
6008:Al-Irshad
5963:Key books
5610:Al-Albani
5578:Wahhabism
5432:Mu'tazila
5421:Qadariyah
5299:Mu'attila
5214:Ibn Kemal
5209:Khidr Bey
5089:Hanafiyah
5024:Al-Bahūtī
5019:Ibn Ashir
4984:Ibn Arafa
4879:Ibn Furak
4874:Al-Maziri
4825:Ash'arism
4792:Cosmology
4769:Cosmology
4764:Astronomy
4736:Education
4521:453206240
4471:(2012a).
4248:Momen, M.
4209:2330-4804
4188:2330-4804
4113:Lewis, B.
3763:Hinds, M.
3759:Crone, P.
3738:2330-4804
3241:Küng 2007
3077:Küng 2007
2621:Buhl 2012
2576:Footnotes
2564:al-Mansur
2557:al-Saffāḥ
2359:"al-Imām"
2357:Muhammad
2338:(Imām of
2334:Abu Hasim
2319:al-Ḥusayn
2281:Marwanids
2274:Sufyanids
1948:Ibn Abbas
1737:Abū Lahab
1723:Az-Zubayr
1716:Abī Ṭālib
1702:ʿAbdallāh
619:(637–638
613:Shia imam
533:massacred
464:romanized
278:Al-Ghadir
137:Abd Allah
8131:Tawakkul
8098:Tawassul
8060:Taṣawwuf
7982:doctrine
7830:Quranism
7619:Namiriya
7248:Muḥāmmad
7241:Murji'ah
6955:Rawendis
6878:Satpanth
6799:Musta'li
6794:Fatimids
6692:Hurufism
6679:Alawites
6584:Sects in
6576:Mahdiist
6512:Batriyya
6458:Deobandi
6409:Shafi'is
6344:Jihadism
6291:Salafism
6259:Hanbalis
6240:Atharism
6153:Malfūzāt
6091:Al-Amali
5688:Hazimism
5400:Murji'ah
5324:Jahmīyya
5312:Mu'jbira
4904:Ibn Aqil
4507:(1901).
4441:(1975).
4417:(1983).
4389:(2006).
4367:(1981).
4314:(2005).
4250:(1985).
4151:(1997).
4118:"'Alids"
4115:(2012).
4074:(2007).
4072:Küng, H.
4048:(1979).
4026:(2000).
4000:(2009).
3884:(2007).
3809:"ʿAlids"
3806:(2008).
3765:(2003).
3626:(1978).
2365:Abbasids
2312:al-Ḥasan
2087:Marwān I
1895:MUHAMMAD
1873:al-Ḥakam
938:Abbasids
769:Tawwabun
737:Damascus
598:Muhammad
571:Abbasids
527:rose in
480:, 15–81
400:Category
283:Zulfiqar
166:(mother)
160:(father)
130:Children
120:Religion
85:637–638
74:Personal
8244:Mahdism
8214:Tabi‘un
8180:Shafi'i
8170:Hanbali
8136:Tewafuq
8116:Sadaqah
8077:Barelvi
8068:Ṭarīqah
7922:Qadiani
7895:beliefs
7665:Alevism
7512:Dimashq
7298:Nūnīyya
7292:Maʿīyya
7252:ibn al-
7227:Azzabas
7188:Ibadism
7176:Nukkari
7130:Azariqa
7115:Ajardi
7062:Bábīyya
6968:Sunpadh
6900:Mukhtār
6865:Nizaris
6840:Alevism
6814:Dawoodi
6804:Tayyibi
6766:Sevener
6745:Fathite
6619:Akhbari
6614:Ja'fari
6601:Twelver
6580:Shi'ite
6517:Imamate
6494:Zaydism
6445:Barelvi
6432:Hanafis
6404:Malikis
6373:Maqrizi
6322:Ibn Baz
6281:Zahiris
6043:Masnavi
5595:Ibn Baz
5409:Dimashq
5109:Shafi‘i
5039:'Illish
4774:Physics
4756:Science
4564:AD 633
4537:of the
3655:(ed.).
3544:Sources
2119:Fatimah
2112:Ruqayya
1880:ʿUthmān
1695:ʿĀminah
950:Sunnism
814:
800:legatee
794:
698:Umayyad
679:Yazid I
466::
151:Parents
37:Kaysani
8185:Zahiri
8175:Maliki
8165:Hanafi
8141:Thawab
8121:Sunnah
8046:Other
8002:Hizmet
7966:Zikris
7937:Dönmes
7927:Lahori
7893:Muslim
7713:Rifa`i
7653:Ma'bad
7535:Tajsīm
7483:Tamsīl
7210:Ifrani
7150:Najdat
7053:Shayki
7022:Other
6990:Mazyar
6869:Khojas
6847:Nizari
6826:Hafizi
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