United Nations Security Council Resolution 242

1073:

the Jordan valley, Jerusalem, and other sensitive areas. This led me into a flurry of activity at the United Nations, which resulted in the near miracle of getting the famous resolution – Resolution 242 – unanimously adopted by the Security Council. It declares "the inadmissibility of territory by war" and it also affirms the necessity "for guaranteeing the territorial inviolability and political independence of every state in the area". It calls for "withdrawal of Israeli forces from territories occupied during the recent conflict." It does not call for Israeli withdrawal from “the” territories recently occupied, nor does it use the word “all”. It would have been impossible to get the resolution through if either of these words had been included, but it does set out the lines on which negotiations for a settlement must take place. Each side must be prepared to give up something: the resolution doesn’t attempt to say precisely what, because that is what negotiations for a peace-treaty must be about.

1172:

made clear the US view that there should be movement from General Armistice Agreements to conditions of peace and that this would involve some adjustments of armistice lines as foreseen in the Armistice Agreements. Rostow told Harmon that he had already stressed to Foreign Minister Eban that the US expected the thrust of the settlement would be toward security and demilitarization arrangements rather than toward major changes in the Armistice lines. Harmon said the Israeli position was that Jerusalem should be an open city under unified administration but that the Jordanian interest in Jerusalem could be met through arrangements including "sovereignty". Rostow said the US government assumed (and Harman confirmed) that despite public statements to the contrary, the Government of Israel position on Jerusalem was that which Eban, Harman, and Evron had given several times, that Jerusalem was negotiable.

175: 573:

because we thought the Israeli border along the West Bank could be "rationalized"; certain anomalies could easily be straightened out with some exchanges of territory, making a more sensible border for all parties. We also wanted to leave open demilitarization measures in the Sinai and the Golan Heights and take a fresh look at the old city of Jerusalem. But we never contemplated any significant grant of territory to Israel as a result of the June 1967 war. On that point we and the Israelis to this day remain sharply divided. This situation could lead to real trouble in the future. Although every President since Harry Truman has committed the United States to the security and independence of Israel, I'm not aware of any commitment the United States has made to assist Israel in retaining territories seized in the Six-Day War.

1224:

war and requiring respect of territorial integrity and sovereignty of a state demonstrates that the Council does not intend to offend peremptory norms in these specific ways. The resolution also acknowledges that these principles must be part of an accepted settlement. That is confirmed by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties which reiterates the prohibition on the use of force and provides that any settlement obtained by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations or conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law is invalid. According to Hans-Paul Gasser, ‘doubtful’ wording of the Council’s resolutions must always be construed in such a way as to avoid conflict with fundamental international obligations.

581:, to President Johnson said: "What's on the Arab Ambassadors' minds boils down to one big question: Will we make good on our pledge to support the territorial integrity of all states in the Middle East? Our best answer is that we stand by that pledge, but the only way to make good on it is to have a genuine peace. The tough question is whether we'd force Israel back to 4 June borders if the Arabs accepted terms that amounted to an honest peace settlement. Secretary Rusk told the Yugoslav Foreign Minister: 'The US had no problem with frontiers as they existed before the outbreak of hostilities. If we are talking about national frontiers—in a state of peace—then we will work toward restoring them.' But we all know that could lead to a tangle with the Israelis." 636:

have stated that the indefinite language was used to permit insubstantial and mutually beneficial alterations to the 1949 armistices lines, but that unilateral annexation of the captured territory was never authorized. Other parties have said that no final settlement obtained through force or the threat of force could be considered valid. They insist that the Security Council cannot create loopholes in peremptory norms of international law or the UN Charter, and that any use of indefinite language has to be interpreted in line with the overriding legal principles regarding the “inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war” and the prohibitions on mass deportations or displacement in connection with the settlement of the refugee problem.

1309:. While reiterating its rejection of UN 242 the PLO should engage in a "framework other than that of resolution 242." The Program, a compromise with rejectionists, marked the first official PLO document that suggested the feasibility of a two-state solution. While Israel was not likely to accept such conditions, the document suggested compromise. According to scholar Shaul Mishal, "a real shift in the PLO position towards the occupied territories;unequivocal support for military struggle has ever since been supplemented by a willingness to consider political means as well." Although a minority, the creation of the Rejectionist Front enabled an argument that the PLO did not speak for all Palestinians and so should not participate at Geneva. 950:, which states that except when a treaty provides that one text shall prevail "the meaning which best reconciles the texts, having regard to the object and purpose of the treaty, shall be adopted". He furthermore argues that the context of the passage, in a treaty that reaffirms "'territorial integrity', 'territorial inviolability,' and 'the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war' – taken together cannot be reconciled with anything less than full withdrawal". He argues that the reference to "secure and recognized borders" can be interpreted in several ways, and only one of them contradicts the principle of full withdrawal. 640:

clear consequence of jus cogens and the conventional law as reflected in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. A recent South African study concluded that the ultimate status and boundaries will require negotiation between the parties, according to Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. The same study also found that the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention which govern ‘special agreements’ that can adversely affect the rights of protected persons precludes any change in status of the territory obtained through an agreement concluded during a state of belligerent occupation.

312: 201: 257: 338: 162: 1180:

from the West Bank. He said this possibility was evident from a speech given by Prime Minister Eshkol in which it had been claimed that both Gaza and the West Bank had been "occupied territory". The President agreed, and promised he would talk to Ambassador Goldberg about inserting Israel in that clause. Ambassador Goldberg told King Hussein that after taking into account legitimate Arab concerns and suggestions, the US would be willing to add the word "Israeli" before "Armed Forces" in the first operative paragraph.

286: 1130:, Assistant Secretary of State, 12 July 1970 (NBC "Meet the Press"): "That Resolution did not say 'withdrawal to the pre-June 5 lines'. The Resolution said that the parties must negotiate to achieve agreement on the so-called final secure and recognized borders. In other words, the question of the final borders is a matter of negotiations between the parties." Mr. Sisco was actively involved in drafting the resolution in his capacity as Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs in 1967. 1115:

Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the 1967 conflict, without specifying the extent of the withdrawal. The resolution, therefore, neither commands nor prohibits total withdrawal. If the resolution is ambiguous, and purposely so, on this crucial issue, how is the withdrawal issue to be settled? By direct negotiations between the concerned parties. Resolution 242 calls for agreement between them to achieve a peaceful and accepted settlement. Agreement and acceptance necessarily require negotiations.

5009: 214: 188: 822:, 1515, 1850, and the Madrid principles. The Quartet has reiterated that the only viable solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an agreement that ends the occupation that began in 1967; resolves all permanent status issues as previously defined by the parties; and fulfils the aspirations of both parties for independent homelands through two states for two peoples, Israel and an independent, contiguous and viable state of Palestine, living side by side in peace and security. 1123:, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, in a reply to a question in Parliament, 9 December 1969: "As I have explained before, there is reference, in the vital United Nations Security Council Resolution, both to withdrawal from territories and to secure and recognized boundaries. As I have told the House previously, we believe that these two things should be read concurrently and that the omission of the word 'all' before the word 'territories' is deliberate." 540:. The resolution deals with five principles; withdrawal of Israeli forces, 'peace within secure and recognized boundaries', freedom of navigation, a just settlement of the refugee problem and security measures including demilitarized zones. It also provided for the appointment of a Special Representative to proceed to the Middle East in order to promote agreement on a peaceful and accepted settlement in accordance with the principles outlined in the resolution. 1160:

On July 12, 1967, Secretary of State Rusk announced that the U.S. position on the Near East crisis was outlined in the President's statement of June 19 and that it provided the basis for a just and equitable settlement between the Arab states and Israel. On August 16, 1967, the Israeli Foreign Office stated that Israel agreed with the principles set forth by the President on June 19 and indicated that no resolution would be acceptable if it deviated from them.

1176:

would use its influence to obtain compensation to Jordan for any territory it would be required to give up. Finally, although as a matter of policy the US did not agree with Jordan's position on Jerusalem, nor with the Israeli position on Jerusalem, the US was prepared to use its influence to obtain for Jordan a role in Jerusalem. Secretary Rusk advised President Johnson that he confirmed Goldberg's pledge regarding territorial integrity to King Hussein.

243: 272: 364: 3368: 299: 896:

can only be the contraction "from the" because of the use of the word "retrait" which entails an object – "des forces israéliennes" where the "des" is the contraction of "of the" (of the Israeli forces) and a location "des territoires occupés" where "des" is the contraction of "from the" (from the occupied territories)). If the meaning of "from some occupied territories" were intended, the only way to say so in French would have been "

351: 53: 1089:

meant that there could be no justification for annexation of territory on the Arab side of the 1967 line merely because it had been conquered in the 1967 war. The sensible way to decide permanent "secure and recognized" boundaries would be to set up a Boundary Commission and hear both sides and then to make impartial recommendations for a new frontier line, bearing in mind, of course, the "inadmissibility" principle.

325: 780:"Nevertheless so important is the future of Jerusalem that it might be argued that we should have specifically dealt with that issue in the 1967 Resolution. It is easy to say that now, but I am quite sure that if we had attempted to raise or settle the question of Jerusalem as a separate issue at that time our task in attempting to find a unanimous decision would have been far greater if not impossible." 787:(2003), the key underlying requirements have remained the same – that Israel is entitled to exist, to be recognized, and to security, and that the Palestinian people are entitled to their territory, to exercise self-determination, and to have their own State. Security Council resolution 1515 (2003) envisages that these long-standing obligations are to be secured (...) by negotiation" 795:

agreed must be decided in negotiations on the final status of the territories. Had this language appeared in the operative paragraphs of the resolution, let me be clear: we would have exercised our veto. In fact, we are today voting against a resolution in the Commission on the Status of Women precisely because it implies that Jerusalem is 'occupied Palestinian territory'."

850:. De Gaulle cited "the pitiful condition of the Arabs who had sought refuge in Jordan or were relegated to Gaza" and stated that provided Israel withdrew her forces, it appeared it would be possible to reach a solution "within the framework of the United Nations that included the assurance of a dignified and fair future for the refugees and minorities in the Middle East." 1168:

resolution. Goldberg said the US believes in territorial integrity, withdrawal, and recognition of secure boundaries. Goldberg said the principle of territorial integrity has two important sub-principles: there must be a withdrawal to recognized and secure frontiers for all countries, not necessarily the old armistice lines, and there must be mutuality in adjustments.

776:. But a peace treaty was not made, mainly due to Syria's desire to recover and retain 25 square kilometers of territory in the Jordan River Valley which it seized in 1948 and occupied until 1967. As the United Nations recognizes only the 1948 borders, there is little support for the Syrian position outside the Arab bloc nor in resolving the Golan Heights issue. 1439:

the "inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war". It follows that the provision contained in that draft relating to the right of all States in the Near East "to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries" cannot serve as a pretext for the maintenance of Israel forces on any part of the Arab territories seized by them as a result of war.

4106: 806:. They envisioned a 'permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolution 242'. The main premise of the Oslo Accords was the eventual creation of Palestinian autonomy in some or all of the territories captured during the Six-Day War, in return for Palestinian recognition of Israel. However, the Foreign Minister of the Palestinian Authority, 1188:

respect the territorial integrity of the Arab states. Quandt said "'The President wished to caution the Israelis that the further they get from June 5 the further they get from peace.' Meaning the more territory they insisted on holding beyond the 1967 lines, the worse would be the odds of getting a peace agreement with the Arabs."

810:, said: "Whether a state is announced now or after liberation, its borders must be those of 4 June 1967. We will not accept a state without borders or with borders based on UN Resolution 242, which we believe is no longer suitable. On the contrary, Resolution 242 has come to be used by Israel as a way to procrastinate." 1438:

We understand the decision taken to mean the withdrawal of Israel forces from all, and we repeat, all territories belonging to Arab States and seized by Israel following its attack on those States on 5 June 1967. This is borne out by the preamble to the United Kingdom draft resolution which stresses

1253:

We didn't say there should be a withdrawal to the '67 line; we did not put the 'the' in, we did not say all the territories, deliberately.. We all knew – that the boundaries of '67 were not drawn as permanent frontiers, they were a cease-fire line of a couple of decades earlier... We did not say

1241:

It was from occupied territories that the Resolution called for withdrawal. The test was which territories were occupied. That was a test not possibly subject to any doubt. As a matter of plain fact East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, the Golan and Sinai were occupied in the 1967 conflict. It was on

1196:

Israel interprets Resolution 242 as calling for withdrawal from territories as part of a negotiated peace and full diplomatic recognition. The extent of withdrawal would come as a result of comprehensive negotiations that led to durable peace not before Arabs start to meet their own obligations under

1175:

Ambassador Goldberg briefed King Hussein on US assurances regarding territorial integrity. Goldberg said the US did not view Jordan as a country that consisted only of the East Bank, and that the US was prepared to support a return of the West Bank to Jordan with minor boundary rectifications. The US

1171:

Walt Rostow advised President Johnson that Secretary Rusk had explained to Mr. Eban that US support for secure permanent frontiers does not mean the US supports territorial changes. The record of a meeting between Under Secretary of State Eugene Rostow and Israeli Ambassador Harmon stated that Rostow

1159:

On June 19, 1967, President Johnson declared the five principles, including land for peace, that he believed comprised the components of any United Nations settlement of the Middle East crisis. He pledged the U.S. Government would "do its part for peace in every forum, at every level, at every hour".

1149:

There are some who have urged, as a single, simple solution, an immediate return to the situation as it was on June 4. As our distinguished and able Ambassador, Mr. Arthur Goldberg, has already said, this is not a prescription for peace but for renewed hostilities. Certainly troops must be withdrawn,

993:

the French text, which is equally authentic with the English, leaves no room for any ambiguity, since it speaks of withdrawal "des territoires occupés," which indisputably corresponds to the expression "occupied territories". We were likewise gratified to hear the United Kingdom representative stress

964:

It is a historical fact, which nobody has ever attempted to deny, that the negotiations between the members of the Security Council, and with the other interested parties, which preceded the adoption of that resolution, were conducted on the basis of English texts, ultimately consolidated in Security

826:

Israel would be nine miles wide at the thinnest point, subjected to rocket fire from the highlands of the West Bank, and unable to stop smuggling from Jordan across the Jordan Valley. Thus, Israeli officials have been arguing for the final-status borders to be readjusted to reflect security concerns.

559:

As to the third operative paragraph, I have said before that I consider that the United Nations special representative should be free to decide himself the exact means and methods by which he pursues his endeavors in contact with the States concerned both to promote agreement and to assist efforts to

547:

All of us recognize that peace is the prize. None of us wishes a temporary truce or a superficial accommodation. We could never advocate a return to uneasy hostility. As I have said, my Government would never wish to be associated with any so-called settlement which was only a continuation of a false

491:

On 1 May 1968, the Israeli ambassador to the UN expressed Israel's position to the Security Council: "My government has indicated its acceptance of the Security Council resolution for the promotion of agreement on the establishment of a just and lasting peace. I am also authorized to reaffirm that we

1167:

On November 3, 1967, Ambassador Goldberg, accompanied by Mr. Sisco and Mr. Pedersen, called on King Hussein of Jordan. Goldberg said the US was committed to the principle of political independence and territorial integrity and was ready to reaffirm it bilaterally and publicly in the Security Council

1088:

Knowing as I did the unsatisfactory nature of the 1967 line I was not prepared to use wording in the Resolution which would have made that line permanent. Nevertheless it is necessary to say again that the overriding principle was the "inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war" and that

1031:

Jordan’s acquiescence in Resolution 242 had been obtained in 1967 by the promise of our United Nations Ambassador Arthur Goldberg that under its terms we would work for the return of the West Bank of Jordan with minor boundary rectifications and that we were prepared to use our influence to obtain a

1026:

recalled the first time he heard someone invoke "the sacramental language of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, mumbling about the need for a just and lasting peace within secure and recognized borders". He said the phrase was so platitudinous that he thought the speaker was pulling his

945:

Glenn Perry asserts that because the French version resolves ambiguities in the English text, and is more consistent with the other clauses of the treaty, it is the correct interpretation. He argues that "it is an accepted rule that the various language versions must be considered together, with the

584:

Rusk met with Foreign Minister Nikezic on August 30, 1967. However, according to telegram 30825 to Belgrade, September 1, which summarizes the conversation, Rusk said the key to a settlement was to end the state of war and belligerence and that if a way could be found to deal with this, other things

1388:

It is our understanding that the draft resolution, if approved by the Council, will commit it to the application of the principle of total withdrawal of Israel forces from all the territories – I repeat, all the territories – occupied by Israel as a result of the conflict which began on 5

1179:

During a subsequent meeting between President Johnson, King Hussein, and Secretary of State Rusk, Hussein said the phrasing of the resolution calling for withdrawal from occupied territories could be interpreted to mean that the Egyptians should withdraw from Gaza and the Jordanians should withdraw

1163:

On June 9, 1967, Israeli Foreign Minister Eban assured Arthur Goldberg, US Ambassador to the UN, that Israel was not seeking territorial aggrandizement and had no "colonial" aspirations. Secretary of State Rusk stressed to the Government of Israel that no settlement with Jordan would be accepted by

1114:

Does Resolution 242 as unanimously adopted by the UN Security Council require the withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from all of the territories occupied by Israel during the 1967 war? The answer is no. In the resolution, the words the and all are omitted. Resolution 242 calls for the withdrawal of

1021:

Ruth Lapidoth describes the view, adopted by Israel, which holds that the resolution allowed Israel to retain "some territories". She argues "The provision on the establishment of “secure and recognized boundaries” would have been meaningless if there had been an obligation to withdraw from all the

895:

The difference between the two versions lies in the absence of a definite article ("the") in the English version, while the word "des" present in the French version in the expression "des territoires occupés" can only mean "from the occupied territories" (the "des" in front of "territoires occupés"

705:

Michael Lynk says that article 2 of the Charter embodied a prevailing legal principle that there could be "no title by conquest". He says that principle had been expressed through numerous international conferences, doctrines, and treaties since the late 19th Century. Lynk cites the examples of the

600:

Rostow said ... resolution required agreement on "secure and recognized" boundaries, which, as practical matter, and as matter of interpreting resolution, had to precede withdrawals. Two principles were basic to Article I of resolution. Paragraph from which Dobrynin quoted was linked to others, and

588:

President Johnson responded to a complaint from President Tito that Israel could change the frontiers without Arab consent: "You note that the Arabs feel the US interprets the draft resolution to imply a change of frontiers to their detriment. We have no preconceptions on frontiers as such. What we

1223:

Alexander Orakhelashvili cites a number of cases in which international tribunals have ruled that international organizations, including the Security Council, are bound by general international law. He says that inclusion of explicit clauses about the inadmissibility of acquisition of territory by

1207:

Israel and the Arab states have negotiated before the Israeli withdrawal. Israel and Jordan made peace without Israel withdrawing from the West Bank, since Jordan had already renounced its claims and recognized the PLO as the sole representative of the Palestinians. Egypt began negotiations before

1145:

This principle can be effective in the Middle East only on the basis of peace between the parties. The nations of the region have had only fragile and violated truce lines for 20 years. What they now need are recognized boundaries and other arrangements that will give them security against terror,

1072:

The Israelis had by now annexed de facto, if not formally, large new areas of Arab land, and there were now very many more Arab refugees. It was clear that what Israel or at least many of her leaders, really wanted was permanently to colonize much of this newly annexed Arab territory, particularly

1048:

said: "The U.S. further supports the position that a just and lasting peace, which remains our objective, must be acceptable to both sides. The U.S. has not developed a final position on the borders. Should it do so it will give great weight to Israel's position that any peace agreement with Syria

1016:

Support for the concept of total withdrawal was widespread in the Security Council, and it was only through intensive American efforts that a resolution was adopted which employed indefinite language in the withdrawal clause. In the process of obtaining this result, the United States made clear to

825:

On April 14, 2004, US President George W. Bush said to Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, "The United States reiterates its steadfast commitment to Israel's security, including secure, defensible borders." Israeli officials argue that the pre-1967 armistice line is not a defensible border, since

635:

According to Michael Lynk, there are three schools of thought concerning the proper legal interpretation of the withdrawal phrase. Some of the parties involved have suggested that the indefinite language is a “perceptible loophole”, that authorizes “territorial revision” for Israel's benefit. Some

620:

There is, however, another way to peace. The final status of these lands must, of course, be reached through the give-and-take of negotiations; but it is the firm view of the United States that self-government by the Palestinians of the West Bank and Gaza in association with Jordan offers the best

555:

As to the second operative paragraph, there is I believe no vestige of disagreement between us all that there must be a guarantee of freedom of navigation through international waterways. There must be a just settlement of the refugee problem. There must be a guarantee and adequate means to ensure

2495:

Mais nous devons admettre qu'en ce qui concerne le point que la délégation française a toujours présenté comme essentiel, celui du retrait des forces d'occupation, la résolution adoptée, si l'on se réfère au texte français qui fait foi au même titre que le texte anglais, ne laisse place à aucune

1283:

The day after Resolution 242 was adopted, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) rejected it as "fundamentally and gravely inconsistent with the Arab character of Palestine, the essence of the Palestine cause and the right of the Palestinian people to their homeland." and

853:

Alexander Orakhelashvili said that ‘Just settlement’ can only refer to a settlement guaranteeing the return of displaced Palestinians. He explained that it must be presumed that the Council did not adopt decisions that validated mass deportation or displacement, since expulsion or deportation are

779:

The UN resolution does not specifically mention the Palestinians. The United Kingdom had recognized the union between the West Bank and Transjordan. Lord Caradon said that the parties assumed that withdrawal from occupied territories as provided in the resolution was applicable to East Jerusalem.

453:(ii) Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgment of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force." 794:

told the U.N. Security Council in 1994 that "We simply do not support the description of the territories occupied by Israel in 1967 as 'Occupied Palestinian Territory'. In the view of my Government, this language could be taken to indicate sovereignty, a matter which both Israel and the PLO have

639:

Alexander Orakhelashvili says that the Security Council manifestly lacks the competence to validate agreements imposed through coercion, not least because the peremptory prohibition of the use of force is a limitation on the Council’s powers and the voidness of coercively imposed treaties is the

572:

There was much bickering over whether that resolution should say from "the" territories or from "all" territories. In the French version, which is equally authentic, it says withdrawal de territory, with de meaning "the." We wanted that to be left a little vague and subject to future negotiation

1273:

I have been asked over and over again to clarify, modify or improve the wording, but I do not intend to do that. The phrasing of the Resolution was very carefully worked out, and it was a difficult and complicated exercise to get it accepted by the UN Security Council. I formulated the Security

1219:

Supporters of the "Israeli viewpoint" note that the second part of that same sentence in the preamble explicitly recognizes the need of existing states to live in security. They focus on the operative phrase calling for "secure and recognized boundaries" and note that the resolution calls for a

1187:

William Quandt wrote about Johnson's meeting with Eban on October 24, 1967, and noted that Israel had annexed East Jerusalem. He said Johnson forcefully told Eban he thought Israel had been unwise when it went to war and that he still thought they were unwise. The President stressed the need to

1371:

Israel still refused to deal directly with the PLO and the Palestinians formed part of a joint delegation with Jordan. Finally, in the 1993 Declaration of Principles and the subsequent Israeli-Palestinian agreements, Israel and the PLO each recognized the other and agreed terms of reference as

1227:

The USSR, India, Mali, Nigeria and Arab States all proposed that the resolution be changed to read "all territories" instead of "territories." Their request was discussed by the UN Security Council and "territories" was adopted instead of "all territories", after President Johnson told Premier

1183:

A State Department study noted that when King Hussein met on 8 November with President Johnson, who had been briefed by Secretary Rusk on the US interpretation, the Jordanian monarch asked how soon the Israeli troops would withdraw from most of the occupied lands. The President replied "In six

998:

Opponents of the "all territories" reading remind that the UN Security Council declined to adopt a draft resolution, including the definite article, far prior to the adoption of Resolution 242. They argue that, in interpreting a resolution of an international organization, one must look to the

1481:

I should like to restate...the general principle that no stable international order can be based on the threat or use of force, and that the occupation or acquisition of territories brought about by such means should not be recognized...Its acceptance does not imply that borderlines cannot be

1007:

A Congressional Research Service (CRS) Issue Brief quotes policy statements made by President Johnson in a speech delivered on September 10, 1968, and by Secretary of State Rogers in a speech delivered on December 9, 1969: "The United States has stated that boundaries should be negotiated and

937:

In spite of the lack of definite articles, according to McHugo, it is clear that such an instruction cannot legitimately be taken to imply that some dogs need not be kept on the lead or that the rule applies only near some ponds. Further, McHugo points out a potential consequence of the logic

841:

The resolution advocates a "just settlement of the refugee problem". Lord Caradon said "It has been said that in the Resolution we treated Palestinians only as refugees, but this is unjustified. We provided that Israel should withdraw from occupied territories and it was together with that

551:

As to the first operative paragraph, and with due respect for fulfillment of Charter principles, we consider it essential that there should be applied the principles of both withdrawal and security, and we have no doubt that the words set out throughout that paragraph are perfectly clear.

965:

Council document S/8247. Many experts in the French language, including academics with no political axe to grind, have advised that the French translation is an accurate and idiomatic rendering of the original English text, and possibly even the only acceptable rendering into French.

1544:

rejected Jarring's mission on grounds that total Israeli withdrawal was a prerequisite for further negotiations. The talks under Jarring's auspices lasted until 1973, but bore no results. After 1973, the Jarring mission was replaced by bilateral and multilateral peace conferences.

903:

Although some have dismissed the controversy by suggesting that the use of the word "des" in the French version is a translation error and should therefore be ignored in interpreting the document, the debate has retained its force since both versions are of equal legal force, as

1482:

rectified as a result of an agreement freely concluded among the interested States. We keep constantly in mind that a just and lasting peace in the Middle East has necessarily to be based on secure permanent boundaries freely agreed upon and negotiated by the neighboring States.

2844:

Foreign Relations of the US, 1964–1968, Vol. XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967 pp 944–948; William B. Quandt, Peace Process: American diplomacy and the Arab–Israeli conflict since 1967, Brookings Institution Press and the University of California Press, 3rd edition, 2005,

1232:

that the delegates should not try to negotiate the details of a Middle East settlement in the corridors and meeting halls of the United Nations, and Ambassador Goldberg stipulated that the exact wording of the resolution would not affect the position of any of the parties. Per

1429:

supported this view, as worded by the representative from Mali: " wishes its vote today to be interpreted in the light of the clear and unequivocal interpretation which the representative of India gave of the provisions of the United Kingdom text." The Russian representative

1027:

leg. Kissinger said that, at that time, he did not appreciate how the flood of words used to justify the various demands obscured rather than illuminated the fundamental positions. Kissinger said those "clashing perspectives" prevented any real bargaining and explained:

1040:

said "You and I both know they can’t go back to the other borders. But we must not, on the other hand, say that because the Israelis win this war, as they won the '67 War, that we just go on with status quo. It can't be done." Kissinger replied "I couldn't agree more"

1504:, who represented the US in discussions, later stated: "The notable omissions in regard to withdrawal are the word 'the' or 'all' and 'the June 5, 1967, lines' the resolution speaks of withdrawal from occupied territories, without defining the extent of withdrawal". 1274:

Council Resolution. Before we submitted it to the Council, we showed it to Arab leaders. The proposal said 'Israel will withdraw from territories that were occupied', and not from 'the' territories, which means that Israel will not withdraw from all the territories.

817:

towards a permanent, two-State solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The Quartet Plan calls for direct, bilateral negotiations as part of a comprehensive resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict, on the basis of UN Security Council Resolutions 242, 338,

737:" formula, calling for Israeli withdrawal from "territories" it had occupied in 1967 in exchange for peace with its neighbors. This was an important advance at the time, considering that there were no peace treaties between any Arab state and Israel until the 1063:

A key part of the case in favour of a "some territories" reading is the claim that British and American officials involved in the drafting of the resolution omitted the definite article deliberately in order to make it less demanding on the Israelis. As

1211:

Supporters of the "Palestinian viewpoint" focus on the phrase in the resolution's preamble emphasizing the "inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war", and note that the French version called for withdrawal from "des territoires occupés" –

627:

When the border is negotiated between Jordan and Israel, our view on the extent to which Israel should be asked to give up territory will be heavily affected by the extent of true peace and normalization and the security arrangements offered in return.

601:

he did not see how anyone could seriously argue, in light of history of resolution in Security Council, withdrawal to borders of June 4th was contemplated. These words had been pressed on Council by Indians and others, and had not been accepted. Rusk

589:

believe to be important is that the frontiers be secure. For this the single most vital condition is that they be acceptable to both sides. It is a source of regret to us that the Arabs appear to misunderstand our proposal and misread our motives."

4631: 1141:

Fifth, the crisis underlines the importance of respect for political independence and territorial integrity of all the states of the area. We reaffirmed that principle at the height of this crisis. We reaffirm it again today on behalf of all.

2980:

Hans-Paul Gasser,‘Collective Economic Sanctions and International Humanitarian Law – An Enforcement Measure under the United Nations Charter and the Right of Civilians to Immunity: An Unavoidable Clash of Policy Goals’, (1996) 56 ZaöRV

5645: 4917: 4141: 718:

of 1941. Surya Sharma says that under the UN Charter, a war in self-defense cannot result in the acquisition of title by conquest. He says that even if a war is lawful in origin it cannot exceed the limits of legitimate self-defense.

1150:

but there must also be recognized rights of national life, progress in solving the refugee problem, freedom of innocent maritime passage, limitation of the arms race, and respect for political independence and territorial integrity."

697:

requires all members to "refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the

4715: 1096:

But how would one change the previous border without the acquisition of territory by war? Are you suggesting mutual concessions, that is, that both Israel and the Arabs would rationalize the border by yielding up small parcels of

4466: 938:

employed by advocates of a "some" reading. Paragraph 2 (a) of the resolution, which guarantees "freedom of navigation through international waterways in the area," may allow Arab states to interfere with navigation through

4461: 445:

Operative Paragraph One "Affirms that the fulfillment of Charter principles requires the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East which should include the application of both the following principles:

1494:

argued: " ... phrases such as 'secure and recognized boundaries'. ... make it possible for Israel itself arbitrarily to establish new boundaries and to withdraw its forces only to those lines it considers appropriate."

613:

In the pre-1967 borders Israel was barely 10 miles wide at its narrowest point. The bulk of Israel's population lived within artillery range of hostile Arab armies. I am not about to ask Israel to live that way again...

4503: 2525:

State Department Study of the Meaning of Resolution 242, by Nina J. Noring of the Office of the Historian, and Walter B. Smith II, Director of the Office of Israeli and Arab-Israeli Affairs, Department of State,

1011:

President Carter asked for a State Department report "to determine if there was any justice to the Israeli position that the resolution did not include all the occupied territories". The State Department report

1884:

Foreign Relations of the U.S. , 1964–1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967. Document 455, Memorandum From the President's Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, October 3,

441:

The preamble refers to the "inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in the Middle East in which every State in the area can live in security".

1340:, Kissinger had promised Israel that the United States would not deal with the PLO until it recognized Israel's right to exist and accepted United Nations Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. The 1978 1164:

the world community unless it gave Jordan some special position in the Old City of Jerusalem. The US also assumed Jordan would receive the bulk of the West Bank as that was regarded as Jordanian territory.

857:

According to M. Avrum Ehrlich, 'Resolution 242 called for "a just solution to the refugee problem," a term covering Jewish refugees from Arab countries as stated by President Carter in 1978 at Camp David'.

519:

The resolution is the formula proposed by the Security Council for the resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict, in particular, ending the state of belligerency then existing between the 'States concerned',

976:

argues the practice at the UN is that the binding version of any resolution is the one voted upon. In the case of 242 that version was in English, so they assert the English version the only binding one.

2868: 1943:

The Impact of Peremptory Norms on the Interpretation and Application of United Nations Security Council Resolutions', by Alexander Orakhelashvili, The European Journal of International Law Vol. 16 no.1

1220:

withdrawal "from territories" rather than "from the territories" or "from all territories," as the Arabs and others proposed; the latter two terms were rejected from the final draft of Resolution 242.

4508: 985:... both the British and the Americans pointed out that 242 was a British resolution; therefore, the English language text was authoritative and would prevail in any dispute over interpretation. 1060:'s letter to Netanyahu states: "I would like to reiterate our position that Israel is entitled to secure and defensible borders, which should be directly negotiated and agreed with its neighbors." 1017:

the Arab states and several other members of the Security Council that the United States envisioned only insubstantial revisions of the 1949 armistice lines. Israel did not protest the approach.

5670: 1262:

said that Israel was in clear defiance of resolution 242. He specifically cited the "annexation of East Jerusalem" and "the creeping colonialism on the West Bank and in Gaza and in the Golan."

5680: 5640: 5685: 5675: 4478: 1804: 1772: 4528: 2279: 617:

So the United States will not support the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza, and we will not support annexation or permanent control by Israel.

4488: 865:, however, it is clear from the context in which it was adopted, and from the statements recounted by the delegates, that Resolution 242 contemplates the Palestine Arab refugees only. 4131: 1894:

Foreign Relations of the U.S., 1964–1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967. Document 440, Letter from President Johnson to President Tito, Washington, September 15, 1967.

1110:, another of the resolution's drafters, argued that Resolution 242 does not dictate the extent of the withdrawal, and added that this matter should be negotiated between the parties: 4787: 3793: 5058: 592:

Furthermore, Secretary Rusk's Telegram dated March 2, 1968, to the U.S. Interests Section of the Spanish Embassy in Cairo summarizing Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs

4069: 1080:, chief author of the resolution, takes a subtly different slant. His focus seems to be that the lack of a definite article is intended to deny permanence to the "unsatisfactory" 4185: 3773: 1540:

recognized Jarring's appointment and agreed to participate in his shuttle diplomacy, although they differed on key points of interpretation of the resolution. The government of

2002:

The Constitution at the Cross Roads: A Study of the Legal Aspects of the League of Nations, the Permanent Organization of Labor and the Permanent Court of International Justice

659:

Emphasizing the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in which every State in the area can live in security.

1780: 548:

truce, and all of us without any hesitation at all can agree that we seek a settlement within the principles laid down in Article 2 of the Charter. So much for the preamble.

624:

It is the United States' position that – in return for peace – the withdrawal provision of Resolution 242 applies to all fronts, including the West Bank and Gaza.

3412: 2434: 4523: 4663: 3689: 3640: 1498: 1204:. The Arab position was initially that the resolution called for Israel to withdraw from all the territory it occupied during the Six-Day War prior to peace agreements. 2380:

Resolution 242: A Legal Reappraisal of the Right-Wing Israeli Interpretation of the Withdrawal Phrase With Reference to the Conflict Between Israel and the Palestinians

1284:"disappoints the hopes of the Arab nation and ignores its national aspirations ignores the existence of the Palestinian people and their right of self-determination." 4603: 4451: 973: 3658: 5660: 842:

requirement for a restoration of Arab territory that we also called for a settlement of the refugee problem." Upon the adoption of Resolution 242, French President

4175: 4111: 4064: 3828: 2990:

Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, UN Security Council Resolution 242 October 3 – November 22, 1967, Documents

1216:

territories occupied". The French UN delegation insisted on this interpretation at the time, but both English and French are the Secretariat's working languages.

5596: 4513: 4329: 4812: 4498: 3623: 3390: 3385: 3372: 871:, the United States ambassador to the U.N. at the time, wrote on the 20th anniversary that the "language presumably refers both to Arab and Jewish refugees". 4792: 4378: 3980: 5163: 4745: 4695: 4493: 4096: 4039: 3709: 1671: 389: 969:

Only English and French were the Security Council's working languages (Arabic, Russian, Spanish and Chinese were official but not the working languages).

5345: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4518: 4412: 4034: 2528:

The Withdrawal Clause in UN Security Council Resolution 242 of 1967, Its Legislative History and the Attitudes of the United States and Israel since 1967

1645: 1635: 4802: 4483: 4361: 3940: 3886: 3803: 3719: 3704: 3406: 5559: 5553: 4938: 4081: 3798: 3434: 2496:

amphibologie puisqu'il parle de l'évacuation des territoires occupés, ce qui donne une interprétation indiscutable des termes 'occupied territories'.

707: 1855: 4356: 4136: 3628: 3594: 3515: 1801: 480:

over the implementation of 242. After denouncing it in 1967, Syria "conditionally" accepted the resolution in March 1972. Syria formally accepted

5541: 5531: 5513: 5507: 5503: 4912: 4556: 4551: 4407: 3905: 1564: 1470:

were silent on the matter, but the US and UK did point out that other countries' comments on the meaning of 242 were simply their own views. The

1313: 989:

The French representative to the Security Council, in the debate immediately after the vote, asserted (in the official translation from French):

819: 784: 5650: 5390: 5384: 5378: 5365: 5355: 5349: 5339: 5335: 5303: 5130: 5127: 5122: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5069: 4180: 4086: 3577: 3506: 1333: 394: 384: 3395: 2382: 1008:

mutually recognized, 'should not reflect the weight of conquest,' and that adjustments in the pre-1967 boundaries should be 'insubstantial.'"

5525: 4844: 4608: 4121: 4116: 4091: 3955: 3778: 3729: 3606: 3582: 914: 4244: 5619: 4873: 4807: 4351: 3838: 1559: 999:

process of the negotiation and adoption of the text. This would make the text in English, the language of the discussion, take precedence.

2792:

Foreign relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967 Arab-Israeli Dispute, page 996, Document

5286: 5280: 4165: 2542:

The Clinton Administration and UN Resolution 242, by Donald Neff, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Winter, 1994), pp. 20–30

2196:

The Oslo Accords: international law and the Israeli-Palestinian peace agreements, By Geoffrey R. Watson, Oxford University Press, 2000,

5611: 5601: 5054: 4900: 4834: 4546: 4473: 4456: 3818: 3768: 3694: 3635: 3571: 2135: 1208:

Israel withdrew from the Sinai. Negotiations ended without Egypt ever resuming control of the Gaza Strip, which Egypt held until 1967.

772:

Throughout the 1990s, there were Israeli-Syrian negotiations regarding a normalization of relations and an Israeli withdrawal from the

665:

Srijita Jha and Akshadha Mishra said that "until 1945, annexation by conquest was a valid mode of acquisition of territory." Following

43: 3192: 2109: 1355:

later known as "the Historic Compromise", implying acceptance of a two-state solution and no longer questioning the legitimacy of the

4192: 3900: 3679: 3618: 3439: 2415:, cited in Glenn Perry, Security Council Resolution 242: The Withdrawal Clause, Middle East Journal, 31:4 (1977:Autumn) p.413–433:420 2371: 994:

the link between this paragraph of his resolution and the principle of inadmissibility of the acquisition of territories by force...

5606: 5156: 4906: 4740: 4027: 3965: 3925: 3813: 3477: 3400: 2927: 2412: 1120: 947: 905: 423: 2472:

David A. Korn, "The Making of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242" (Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, 1992), p. 12.

5655: 3714: 3567: 3497: 1348: 1967: 4346: 4269: 4126: 4101: 3546: 2946: 631:

Finally, we remain convinced that Jerusalem must remain undivided, but its final status should be decided through negotiations.

585:

would fall into place; the difference between pre-June 5 positions and secure national boundaries was an important difference.

2263: 2167: 2086: 2029: 1056:

declared: "Israel will never negotiate from, or return to, the lines of partition or to the 1967 borders." Secretary of State

846:

stressed this principle during a press conference on November 27, 1967, and confirmed it in his letter of January 9, 1968, to

714:

of 1932; the 1932 League of Nations resolution on Japanese aggression in China; the Buenos Aires Declaration of 1936; and the

4953: 4856: 4822: 4725: 4705: 4636: 4424: 4395: 4373: 4264: 4197: 3985: 3930: 3450: 3313: 3158: 3129: 3036: 2956: 2902: 2850: 2567: 2321: 2201: 2096: 2074: 2013: 1872: 1837: 1630: 3193:"The Historic Compromise: The Palestinian Declaration of Independence and the Twenty-Year Struggle for a Two-State Solution" 5045: 4777: 4400: 4170: 3756: 3741: 3724: 2614: 2424:

Perry, Glenn, Security Council Resolution 242: The Withdrawal Clause, Middle East Journal, 31:4 (1977:Autumn) p.413–433:420

2402:

Perry, Glenn, Security Council Resolution 242: The Withdrawal Clause, Middle East Journal, 31:4 (1977:Autumn) p.413–433:431

1477:

The statement by the Brazilian representative perhaps gives a flavour of the complexities at the heart of the discussions:

3235: 2343: 5173: 5149: 4868: 4863: 4287: 4155: 4017: 3920: 3843: 3783: 3121:

The Global Offensive: The United States, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the Making of the Post-Cold War Order

1640: 2579:

Crisis: the anatomy of two major foreign policy crises, By Henry Kissinger, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003), p. 140

5274: 5198: 4989: 4234: 4022: 4012: 3684: 3647: 2507:

Congressional Research Service, Palestinians and Middle East Peace: Issues for the United States Updated July 17, 2002

1352: 481: 2828:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Page 1015, Document

2816:

Foreign relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 1012, Document

2704:

Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, pages 520–523, Document numbers

783:

Judge Higgins of the International Court of Justice explained "from Security Council resolution 242 (1967) through to

4974: 4658: 4390: 4259: 3990: 3970: 3910: 3895: 2804:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Page 998, Document

1201: 799: 758: 750: 670: 4885: 4054: 1266: 1065: 277: 3431: 3066:

Muslih, Muhammad (1990). "Towards Coexistence: An Analysis of the Resolutions of the Palestine National Council".

1084:, rather than to allow Israel to retain land taken by force. Border rectification by mutual agreement is allowed: 741:

of 1979. "Land for peace" served as the basis of the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty, in which Israel withdrew from the

5521: 4641: 4059: 4044: 3613: 3589: 813:

The Security Council subsequently adopted resolution 1515 (2003), which recalled resolution 242 and endorsed the

262: 143: 39: 2744:

Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 386, Document number

2732:

Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 726, Document number

2720:

Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 637, Document number

2482: 1700: 1679: 499:

and formed the basis for later negotiations between the parties. These led to peace treaties between Israel and

5517: 5447: 5441: 5319: 5177: 4239: 3763: 3699: 3601: 1619: 762: 504: 5023: 1332:. It also recognized the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, and accorded it 5690: 5369: 5226: 5141: 4933: 4851: 4772: 4730: 4690: 4618: 4299: 4224: 4209: 3538: 2756:

Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 765–766, Document

2163:

See the Judgment in "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory"

1602: 1586: 1344:

attempted to address the Palestinian problem but there continued to be no direct Palestinian representation.

833:

constitutes an integral part of the territory occupied in 1967 that will be a part of the Palestinian state.

738: 694: 500: 2589: 4839: 4700: 3470: 1581: 1491: 1431: 957: 956:, former Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations Office at Geneva and member of the UN's 5313: 3915: 3734: 2780:

Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Page 942, Document

2768:

Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Page 981, Document

543:

Upon presenting the draft resolution to the Security Council, the U.K. representative Lord Caradon said:

4074: 3442:

Statements made by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson (excerpts) (Paris, June 14, 2002)

5459: 5437: 5373: 4710: 4673: 4668: 4254: 4002: 3674: 3562: 3352:

Peretz, Don. "The United States, the Arabs, and Israel: Peace Efforts of Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon."

1984:"'ACQUISITION OF TERRITORY BY USE OF FORCE UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW, by Srijita Jha and Akshadha Mishra" 1295: 1288: 3174: 1367:'s later statements in Geneva this was accepted by the United States as a basis for dialogue. For the 5425: 5309: 5256: 5204: 4443: 4429: 4317: 3960: 3865: 3848: 3519: 1922: 1608: 1597: 1592: 1368: 496: 2995: 2991: 2833: 2829: 2817: 2805: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2745: 2733: 2721: 2709: 2705: 5220: 5216: 5038: 4735: 4720: 4305: 2379: 2069:

Territorial acquisition, disputes, and international law, By Surya Prakash Sharma, Springer, 1997,

1520:

as Special Envoy to negotiate the implementation of the resolution with the parties, the so-called

1306: 1259: 1246: 1234: 1077: 5487: 5262: 4680: 3463: 2513:; and Address by President Johnson, September 10, 1968, 59 Department of State Bulletin 348, 1968 2113: 2005: 1904: 1337: 862: 2455: 2154:‘UN Security Council Resolution 242 – A Case Study in Diplomatic Ambiguity’, Caradon et al, 1981 492:

are willing to seek agreement with each Arab State on all matters included in that resolution."

5469: 5465: 4767: 4229: 3950: 2232: 1625: 427: 17: 3102: 2894: 2313: 2056: 1942: 5565: 5238: 4994: 4966: 4958: 4755: 4653: 4366: 3808: 3529: 3420: 3026: 2869:

The War of Attrition and Cease Fire: The Jarring initiative and the response, 8 February 1971

2551:

See Security Council Resolution 242: An Analysis of its Main Provisions, Prof. Ruth Lapidoth

2088:

The United Nations Security Council and war: the evolution of thought and practice since 1945

1829: 682: 4797: 2649:

In My Way, George Brown Memoirs, by George Brown, St. Martins Press New York, 1971, page 233

2231:

Joint Statement by the Quartet, Office of the Spokesman, Washington, DC, September 24, 2009

2051:

Lynk, S. Michael (2007-07-02). "Conceived in Law: The Legal Foundations of Resolution 242".

5665: 5547: 5453: 4984: 4948: 4943: 4895: 4626: 3875: 3199: 2215:"IMRA – Monday, July 8, 2002 PA Minister Nabeel Shaath: Right of return and removal of all" 1410: 926: 922: 4716:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

2183: 8: 5325: 5250: 5232: 5210: 5031: 4685: 2693:

Address at the State Department's Foreign Policy Conference for Educators, June 19, 1967

2508: 2368: 1554: 1446:

was the only country represented at the Security Council to express a contrary view. The

1081: 450:(i) Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict; 415: 3501: 2694: 2037: 1725: 1291:(PNC), a revised National Charter was drawn up by the fourth PNC at Cairo in July 1968. 981:

asserts that this was indeed the position held by the United States and United Kingdom:

5535: 5491: 5359: 4817: 3283: 3083: 2676: 1983: 1474:

representative was strongly critical of the text's "vague call on Israel to withdraw".

1341: 1329: 1317: 1299: 1107: 1057: 814: 791: 3052: 2552: 1964:

Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa: "Occupation, Colonialism, Apartheid"

1701:"See "S/PV. 1382 Paragraph 65 for list of drafts. The UK draft was designated S/8247"" 1303: 891:

Retrait des forces armées israéliennes des territoires occupés lors du récent conflit.

5497: 5402: 5192: 4827: 4782: 4762: 4647: 4417: 4311: 4249: 4049: 3510: 3309: 3301: 3154: 3147: 3125: 3032: 2952: 2898: 2887: 2846: 2563: 2317: 2197: 2092: 2070: 2052: 2009: 1965: 1868: 1833: 1513: 1134: 843: 686: 678: 674: 556:

the territorial inviolability and political independence of every State in the area.

1822: 1305:

On the same day the PNC recommended to the PLO executive committee participation in

5585: 5408: 4383: 4323: 4293: 3975: 3669: 3337: 3279: 3275: 3075: 2668: 2260: 2164: 2134:

See Jordan and Israel (GOVERNMENT DECISION) HC Deb 27 April 1950 vol 474 cc1137-41

1414: 883:

Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict

847: 715: 711: 3252: 1200:

Initially, the resolution was accepted by Egypt, Jordan and Israel but not by the

5591: 5244: 3746: 3415: 3239: 3119: 3100: 2386: 2375: 2267: 2171: 2091:

by Vaughan Lowe, Adam Roberts, Jennifer Welsh, Oxford University Press US, 2008,

1971: 1808: 1521: 1501: 1356: 1127: 1023: 953: 868: 742: 473: 5646:

United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning the Arab–Israeli conflict

5008: 3028:

Self-Determination, Statehood, and the Law of Negotiation: The Case of Palestine

2625: 946:

ambiguities of one version elucidated by the other". He cites Article 33 of the

568:

commented on the most significant area of disagreement regarding the resolution:

5053: 3486: 3266:

Rabie, Mohamed (Summer 1992). "The U.S.-PLO Dialogue: The Swedish Connection".

3232: 2511: 2347: 1569: 1517: 1451: 1360: 1229: 734: 728: 699: 485: 477: 431: 193: 5171: 5634: 3242:

Palestine National Council. Algiers, November 15, 1988. Official translation.

2214: 1937:

Conceived in Law: The Legal Foundations of Resolution 242, Prof. Michael Lynk

1447: 1364: 1053: 1037: 978: 773: 606: 593: 206: 5431: 5013: 4890: 4750: 3751: 2184:"Security Council minutes 3351st Meeting, Friday, 18 March 1994, S/PV.3351" 1613: 1487: 1402: 1321: 1101:

And that this should be mutually done, with mutual territorial concessions?

807: 803: 766: 690: 508: 435: 219: 3306:

Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli conflict since 1967

57:

Territories occupied by Israel during the Six-Day War, including the Sinai

5481: 4979: 4793:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

3104:

The Political Economy of the Middle East, 1973-78: A Compendium of Papers

2332:

Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. XXXVII, No. 1 (Autumn 2007), pp. 49–61

1325: 1045: 918: 666: 578: 419: 2590:"President Ford Letter to Israeli Prime Minister Rabin (September 1975)" 1819: 5268: 4880: 3945: 3287: 3087: 2867:

Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The State of Israel. (2008).

2680: 830: 746: 2314:

Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture

925:

and a visiting fellow at the Scottish Centre for International Law at

5396: 3380: 2615:"Jerusalem International Postal Service – Jerusalem Center For Peace" 1747: 1422: 911: 829:

Resolution 1860 (2009) recalled resolution 242 and stressed that the

754: 565: 495:

Resolution 242 is one of the most widely affirmed resolutions on the

248: 83: 27:

1967 resolution on withdrawal of Israel and recognition of boundaries

3445: 3079: 2672: 3870: 3858: 3190: 2243: 1936: 1406: 317: 3367: 3354:

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

2889:

How Israel was won: a concise history of the Arab–Israeli conflict

2562:

White House Years, by Henry Kissinger, Little, Brown and Company,

1923:

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/reaganplan.html

1351:

included a PNC call for multilateral negotiations on the basis of

1242:

withdrawal from occupied territories that the Resolution insisted.

5475: 4788:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

3455: 3149:

Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services

2030:"The Avalon Project : United Nations Charter; June 26, 1945" 1933:

For an overview and analysis of the provisions and positions see

1537: 1459: 1394: 1375: 537: 469: 369: 304: 52: 596:’s conversation with Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin states: 3935: 3853: 3823: 3788: 1533: 1525: 1463: 1455: 1443: 1418: 1398: 1287:

Replacing the National Charter of 1964 formulated by the first

854:

crimes against humanity or an exceptionally serious war crime.

529: 521: 465: 461: 291: 180: 167: 5671:

United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Lebanon

1867:

Rusk "As I Saw It", Dean and Richard Rusk, W.W. Norton, 1990,

1254:

that the '67 boundaries must be forever; it would be insanity.

1049:

must be predicated on Israel remaining on the Golan Heights."

685:

and existing political independence" of a state engaging in a

5681:

United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Jordan

5641:

United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Israel

3833: 1541: 1529: 1471: 1467: 1381: 1294:

At the 12th PNC in Cairo on 8 June 1974, the PLO adopted the

874: 533: 525: 457: 343: 330: 5686:

United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Egypt

5676:

United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Syria

3413:

On Multi-Lingual Interpretation -UN Security Council Res 242

3308:. Washington: Brookings Institution. pp. 367–375, 494. 3053:"The Avalon Project : The Palestinian National Charter" 2435:

On Multi-Lingual Interpretation -UN Security Council Res 242

1575: 3428:, ed. John Norton Moore (Princeton University Press, 1974). 3381:

Text of UN resolution 242 in English (from the UN archives)

2445:, ed. John Norton Moore (Princeton University Press, 1974). 1426: 356: 3391:

UN Security Council discussion and vote surrounding res242

3101:

United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee (1980).

974:

Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America

1828:. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press. pp. 733:

The resolution also calls for the implementation of the "

3191:

PLO Negotiations Affairs Department (13 November 2008).

605:

In an address delivered on September 1, 1982, President

3175:"1975 Israel-United States Memorandum of Understanding" 2659:

Lord Caradon (1976). "An Interview with Lord Caradon".

1002: 3401:

U.N. Resolution 242: Origin, Meaning, and Significance

3117: 3024: 2280:"Text of de Gaulle's Answer to Letter From Ben-Gurion" 1336:

status in the United Nations. In 1975, as part of the

560:

achieve a peaceful and accepted and final settlement."

32:

United Nations resolution unanimously approved in 1967

3144: 933:

Dogs must be kept on the lead near ponds in the park.

577:

A memorandum from the President's Special Assistant,

4746:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

4696:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

3407:

The Peace Process and the United Nations Resolutions

836: 673:

limited (but did not eliminate) the concept of the

1820:Hinnebusch, Raymond A.; Drysdale, Alasdair (1991). 1636:

Projects working for peace among Israelis and Arabs

4803:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 3396:Article on PLO website arguing for full withdrawal 3338:Resolution 242: Response from the affected parties 3300: 3146: 2886: 1821: 1718: 1316:recognized the right of the Palestinian people to 4939:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 3107:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 542–. 708:First International Conference of American States 5661:1967 United Nations Security Council resolutions 5632: 2261:http://www.defensibleborders.org/db_amidrorb.pdf 1298:. Some hardline factions split away to form the 1036:However, speaking to Henry Kissinger, President 908:of the United Nations and in international law. 438:and was one of five drafts under consideration. 4913:World Federation of United Nations Associations 4408:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 3138: 1999: 1646:International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict 1565:List of the UN resolutions concerning Palestine 1363:and "Arab territories occupied." Together with 1314:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3236 3386:UN Security Council discussion prior to res242 3253:"Yasser Arafat, Speech at UN General Assembly" 3111: 2873:Israel's Foreign relations: Selected Documents 2521: 2519: 1773:"See Security Council Document S/10070 Para 2" 1376:Statements by Security Council representatives 621:chance for a durable, just and lasting peace. 418:on November 22, 1967, in the aftermath of the 408:United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 5157: 5039: 3471: 3403:National Committee on American Foreign Policy 3094: 3006:(MacNeil/Lehrer Report – March 30, 1978) 2863: 2861: 2859: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 753:). Jordan renounced its claims regarding the 4808:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 3426:The Arab–Israeli Conflict, Vol. II: Readings 2658: 2443:The Arab–Israeli Conflict, Vol. II: Readings 1560:List of the UN resolutions concerning Israel 5055:United Nations Security Council resolutions 3451:"The Empirical Case for Defensible Borders" 3217: 2516: 2391:International and Comparative Law Quarterly 2165:SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE HIGGINS (page 79) 1676:Security Council Official Records 22nd Year 1068:, British Foreign Secretary in 1967, said: 942:international waterways of their choosing. 488:(in 1973), which embraced Resolution 242. 5620:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement 5164: 5150: 5046: 5032: 4901:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 4813:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 3478: 3464: 3118:Paul Thomas Chamberlin (18 October 2012). 3025:Robert P. Barnidge Jr. (28 January 2016). 2856: 2139: 1359:. The PNC called only for withdrawal from 875:French version vs. English version of text 268: 5330:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242 5304:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194 1856:1379th Meeting of the UN Security Council 1576:Arab–Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties 929:, draws a comparison to phrases such as: 798:The Palestinians were represented by the 4330:Conference on International Organization 3446:"Defensible Borders for a Lasting Peace" 2413:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 2341: 2244:"Defensible Borders for a Lasting Peace" 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 948:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 653:The second preambular reference states: 253: 4245:Office international d'hygiène publique 3031:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 72–. 3018: 2538: 2536: 2456:"CAMERA: BACKGROUNDER: Camp David 2000" 1921:See the Reagan Plan, September 1, 1982 1824:Syria and the Middle East Peace Process 1349:Palestinian Declaration of Independence 14: 5633: 5612:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement 5602:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement 4040:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 3065: 2945:Bailey, Sydney Dawson (January 1985). 2944: 2884: 1237:, the chief author of the resolution: 5145: 5027: 4954:UN television film series (1964–1966) 4706:International Narcotics Control Board 4637:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 4425:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 4396:Convention on the Rights of the Child 4374:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3459: 3265: 1657: 1022:territories. U.S. Secretary of State 790:The United States Secretary of State 507:(1994), as well as the 1993 and 1995 5607:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement 5346:Israel–Syria disengagement agreement 4778:United Nations Postal Administration 4413:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 4132:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2533: 2050: 2044: 1003:The negotiating and drafting process 4181:Permanent representatives to the UN 4070:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 3328:"The Meaning of 242," June 10, 1977 3015:The Jerusalem Post, 23 January 1970 2344:"Resolution 242 After Twenty Years" 1641:List of Middle East peace proposals 1265:However, British Foreign Secretary 1103:A. Yes, yes. To the benefit of all. 681:were not required to preserve "the 484:, the cease-fire at the end of the 24: 5597:Israel–UAE normalization agreement 5488:Beirut Summit and peace initiative 4990:Withdrawal from the United Nations 4176:Security Council Permanent members 3485: 3346: 2393:, October 2002, vol 51, pp. 858–9. 1353:UN Security Council Resolution 242 1258:During a symposium on the subject 1191: 1099:A. Yes, I'm suggesting that... Q. 879:The English version of the clause: 745:(Egypt withdrew its claims to the 482:UN Security Council Resolution 338 430:. The resolution was sponsored by 25: 5702: 5651:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 4975:United Nations in popular culture 4659:Expulsion from the United Nations 4604:General Assembly President (2016) 3360: 2110:"Daily News Egypt - Full Article" 1631:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 1507: 1202:Palestine Liberation Organization 837:Settlement of the refugee problem 800:Palestine Liberation Organization 759:Palestine Liberation Organization 751:Palestine Liberation Organization 722: 671:Covenant of the League of Nations 414:) was adopted unanimously by the 5526:Agreement on Movement and Access 5007: 3366: 3145:Ian Black; Benny Morris (1991). 2000:Edward Harriman, Edward (1925). 1858:United Nations, 16 November 1967 1678:. United nations. Archived from 1384:stated to the Security Council: 1154: 1052:Furthermore, Secretary of State 785:Security Council Resolution 1515 509:agreements with the Palestinians 362: 349: 336: 323: 310: 297: 284: 270: 255: 241: 212: 199: 186: 173: 160: 51: 5560:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 5554:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 5522:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 4563:International Court of Justice 4112:Sport for Development and Peace 3331: 3322: 3294: 3259: 3245: 3226: 3184: 3167: 3059: 3045: 3009: 3000: 2984: 2974: 2965: 2938: 2920: 2878: 2838: 2822: 2810: 2798: 2786: 2774: 2762: 2750: 2738: 2726: 2714: 2698: 2687: 2652: 2643: 2607: 2582: 2573: 2556: 2545: 2501: 2483:"S/PV.1382 of 22 November 1967" 2475: 2466: 2448: 2427: 2418: 2405: 2396: 2362: 2335: 2326: 2307: 2298: 2272: 2254: 2236: 2225: 2207: 2190: 2176: 2157: 2128: 2102: 2080: 2063: 2022: 1993: 1976: 1958: 1949: 1927: 1915: 1897: 1888: 1878: 1728:. United Nations. June 27, 2012 1726:"United Nations Research Guide" 802:in negotiations leading to the 5199:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence 4240:Permanent Court of Arbitration 4235:International Peace Conference 3602:International Court of Justice 3280:10.1525/jps.1992.21.4.00p0140g 2885:Thomas, Bayliss (1999-06-15). 1861: 1849: 1813: 1795: 1765: 1740: 1693: 815:Middle East Quartet's Road Map 765:in 1994, that established the 95:Territories occupied by Israel 13: 1: 5287:American trusteeship proposal 4773:Sustainable Development Goals 4300:Declaration by United Nations 4225:International Telegraph Union 3424:, Vol. 6, 1971; reprinted in 2441:, Vol. 6, 1971; reprinted in 1955:supra Orakhelashvili, page 74 1651: 1032:role for Jordan in Jerusalem. 695:Charter of the United Nations 4701:International Criminal Court 4137:UN organizations by location 3268:Journal of Palestine Studies 3068:Journal of Palestine Studies 2948:The Making of Resolution 242 2893:. Lexington Books. pp. 2661:Journal of Palestine Studies 2594:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 2342:Goldberg, Arthur J. (1988). 2316:, Publisher ABC-CLIO, 2008, 2077:, page 147, and footnote 468 1582:Paris Peace Conference, 1919 958:International Law Commission 7: 4835:Security Council veto power 4142:Sexual Violence in Conflict 4065:Economic and Social Affairs 3636:Economic and Social Council 3124:. OUP USA. pp. 238–9. 1802:"Syria's acceptance of 338" 1548: 769:as the boundary of Jordan. 710:in 1890; the United States 648: 10: 5707: 5656:Arab–Israeli peace process 5460:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 5448:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement 5442:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 5374:Palestinian autonomy talks 4886:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 4711:International Day of Peace 4193:General Assembly Observers 3516:General Assembly President 1620:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 1512:On November 23, 1967, the 1499:U.S. Supreme Court Justice 1372:Resolutions 242 and 338. 1289:Palestine National Council 1278: 763:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 726: 677:, that is, members of the 643: 514: 5574: 5417: 5370:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 5295: 5227:Faisal–Weizmann agreement 5184: 5065: 5003: 4926: 4617: 4539: 4442: 4430:World Heritage Convention 4339: 4318:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 4280: 4217: 4208: 4154: 4028:General Assembly Building 4001: 3884: 3656: 3555: 3537: 3528: 3493: 2875:. Volumes 1–2, 1947–1974. 2622:www.defensibleborders.org 2008:Press. pp. 144–145. 1905:"Office of the Historian" 1609:Madrid Conference of 1991 1603:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 1598:Camp David Accords (1978) 1593:1949 Armistice Agreements 1587:Faisal–Weizmann Agreement 1393:The representatives from 1369:Madrid Conference of 1991 739:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 478:UN Special representative 378: 228: 150: 142: 134: 100: 90: 78: 70: 62: 50: 37: 5409:Israel–Lebanon agreement 5221:Anglo-French Declaration 5217:Declaration to the Seven 4736:Military Staff Committee 4075:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 3578:Deputy Secretary-General 3507:Deputy Secretary-General 2971:See Orakhelashvili supra 2832:and Page 1026, Document 4907:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 4869:UN International School 4864:UN Federal Credit Union 4845:Security Council reform 4681:Four Nations Initiative 4609:Security Council (2016) 4452:Security Council vetoes 3583:Under-Secretary-General 2932:Encyclopædia Britannica 2006:George H. Doran Company 1380:The representative for 422:. It was adopted under 5518:Sharm El Sheikh Summit 5438:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 5320:Tripartite Declaration 4857:Security Council mural 4823:Millennium Declaration 4768:SDG Publishers Compact 4230:Universal Postal Union 3356:401.1 (1972): 116–125. 3223:Quigley, 2005, p. 212. 1626:Camp David 2000 Summit 1484: 1441: 1391: 1276: 1256: 1244: 1152: 1146:destruction, and war. 1117: 1105: 1091: 1075: 1034: 1019: 996: 987: 967: 935: 900:territoires occupés". 893: 887:is given in French as: 885: 663: 633: 603: 575: 562: 455: 5566:John Kerry Parameters 5239:Churchill White Paper 5205:Sykes–Picot Agreement 5178:Arab–Israeli conflict 4995:Women in peacekeeping 4654:Drug control treaties 3421:The Israel Law Review 2570:(1979), Pages 341–345 2248:defensibleborders.org 1748:"S/RES/242(1967) – E" 1524:. The governments of 1479: 1436: 1386: 1322:national independence 1312:On 22 November 1974, 1271: 1251: 1239: 1139: 1112: 1092: 1086: 1070: 1029: 1014: 991: 983: 962: 931: 923:Trowers & Hamlins 889: 881: 761:, and has signed the 683:territorial integrity 655: 611: 598: 570: 545: 497:Arab–Israeli conflict 448: 5691:November 1967 events 5548:Annapolis Conference 5542:UNSC Resolution 1701 5532:UNSC Resolution 1850 5514:UNSC Resolution 1583 5508:UNSC Resolution 1566 5504:UNSC Resolution 1559 5454:Wye River Memorandum 5310:Armistice agreements 4949:United Nations Radio 4944:United Nations Medal 4896:University for Peace 4627:Bretton Woods system 4362:governed territories 4107:Developing Countries 4018:Secretariat Building 3887:Specialized agencies 3440:Daily Press Briefing 3233:Political communique 3153:. Grove Weidenfeld. 2116:on February 13, 2010 1411:United Arab Republic 1044:Moreover, President 927:Edinburgh University 906:recognized languages 669:, Article 10 of the 390:Lists of resolutions 138:Unanimously approved 5391:UNSC Resolution 497 5385:UNSC Resolution 478 5379:UNSC Resolution 452 5366:UNSC Resolution 446 5356:UNSC Resolution 425 5350:UNSC Resolution 350 5340:UNSC Resolution 339 5336:UNSC Resolution 338 5326:Khartoum Resolution 5314:Lausanne Conference 5263:Morrison–Grady Plan 5233:San Remo conference 5211:Balfour Declaration 4721:International Years 4686:Genocide Convention 4122:Outer Space Affairs 4117:Disarmament Affairs 4082:Safety and Security 4023:Conference Building 4003:Secretariat offices 3648:Trusteeship Council 3373:UNSC Resolution 242 1783:on 12 February 2007 1555:Khartoum Resolution 693:, Article 2 of the 564:Secretary of State 416:UN Security Council 5536:Quartet Principles 5470:Clinton Parameters 5360:Camp David Accords 4741:Official languages 4288:London Declaration 4097:Internal Oversight 4087:Palestinian Rights 3659:Funds, programmes, 3302:Quandt, William B. 3238:2001-04-20 at the 2530:, February 4, 1978 2510:; The Rogers Plan 2485:. 25 February 2006 2433:Rosenne, Shabtai. 2411:Article 33 of the 2385:2005-05-24 at the 2374:2006-01-08 at the 2350:on 3 February 2015 2286:. January 10, 1968 2284:The New York Times 2266:2011-07-18 at the 2170:2011-01-12 at the 2040:on April 21, 2016. 1970:2011-07-26 at the 1807:2008-03-06 at the 1342:Camp David Accords 1338:Sinai II agreement 1318:self-determination 1307:the Geneva process 1300:Rejectionist Front 1108:Arthur J. Goldberg 792:Madeleine Albright 118:None voted against 5628: 5627: 5498:Geneva Initiative 5466:Camp David Summit 5426:Madrid Conference 5403:Reagan peace plan 5376: 5281:UN Partition Plan 5275:London Conference 5257:London Conference 5193:Damascus Protocol 5139: 5138: 5021: 5020: 4852:UN Art Collection 4828:Millennium Summit 4783:UN Block By Block 4763:Ralph Bunche Park 4731:UN laissez-passer 4691:UN Global Compact 4648:Delivering as One 4547:Secretary-General 4438: 4437: 4418:Indigenous Caucus 4312:Tehran Conference 4306:Moscow Conference 4281:Preparatory years 4250:League of Nations 4150: 4149: 4050:Palace of Nations 3752:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 3568:Secretary-General 3511:Amina J. Mohammed 3498:Secretary-General 3371:Works related to 3340:www.sixdaywar.org 3315:978-0-520-08390-5 3160:978-0-8021-3286-4 3131:978-0-19-981139-7 3038:978-1-5099-0240-8 2958:978-90-247-3073-5 2951:. Brill Archive. 2904:978-0-7391-0064-6 2851:978-0-520-24631-7 2631:on 13 August 2008 2568:978-0-316-49661-2 2439:Israel Law Review 2322:978-1-85109-873-6 2202:978-0-19-829891-5 2097:978-0-19-953343-5 2075:978-90-411-0362-8 2015:978-1-58477-314-6 1873:978-0-393-02650-4 1839:978-0-87609-105-0 1514:Secretary General 1296:Ten-Point Program 1249:also maintained, 1135:Lyndon B. Johnson 844:Charles de Gaulle 687:war of aggression 679:League of Nations 675:right of conquest 405: 404: 401: 400: 152:Permanent members 82:S/RES/242(1967) ( 16:(Redirected from 5698: 5586:Trump peace plan 5578: 5372: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5143: 5142: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5025: 5024: 5014:World portal 5012: 5011: 4918:Biopiracy treaty 4504:Nagorno-Karabakh 4474:Security Council 4457:General Assembly 4384:Human Rights Day 4324:Yalta Conference 4294:Atlantic Charter 4215: 4214: 4171:Founding members 4092:Peace Operations 3976:World Bank Group 3670:Culture of Peace 3661:and other bodies 3614:Security Council 3590:General Assembly 3556:Principal organs 3535: 3534: 3502:António Guterres 3480: 3473: 3466: 3457: 3456: 3370: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3249: 3243: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3205:on 26 April 2012 3204: 3198:. 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Sisco 1121:Michael Stewart 1082:pre-1967 border 1024:Henry Kissinger 1005: 954:Shabtai Rosenne 877: 869:Arthur Goldberg 839: 743:Sinai peninsula 731: 725: 651: 646: 517: 374: 363: 361: 350: 348: 337: 335: 324: 322: 311: 309: 298: 296: 285: 283: 271: 269: 256: 254: 242: 240: 234: 230: 224: 213: 211: 200: 198: 187: 185: 174: 172: 161: 159: 153: 130: 124: 117: 110: 103: 58: 42: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5704: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5588: 5581: 5579: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5528: 5510: 5500: 5494: 5484: 5478: 5472: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5434: 5428: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5387: 5381: 5362: 5352: 5342: 5332: 5322: 5316: 5306: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5188: 5186: 5182: 5181: 5172:Diplomacy and 5169: 5168: 5161: 5154: 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102:Voting summary 101: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 56: 48: 47: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5703: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5573: 5567: 5563: 5561: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5276: 5273:1946–47 5272: 5270: 5266: 5264: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5246: 5242: 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1038:Richard Nixon 1033: 1028: 1025: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1000: 995: 990: 986: 982: 980: 979:David A. Korn 975: 970: 966: 961: 959: 955: 951: 949: 943: 941: 934: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 913: 909: 907: 901: 899: 892: 888: 884: 880: 872: 870: 866: 864: 861:According to 859: 855: 851: 849: 845: 834: 832: 827: 823: 821: 816: 811: 809: 805: 801: 796: 793: 788: 786: 781: 777: 775: 774:Golan Heights 770: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 730: 720: 717: 713: 709: 703: 701: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 662: 660: 654: 641: 637: 632: 629: 625: 622: 618: 615: 610: 608: 607:Ronald Reagan 602: 597: 595: 594:Eugene Rostow 590: 586: 582: 580: 574: 569: 567: 561: 557: 553: 549: 544: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 512: 510: 506: 502: 498: 493: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 474:consultations 472:entered into 471: 467: 463: 459: 454: 451: 447: 443: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 397: → 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383:← 382: 381: 377: 371: 360: 358: 347: 345: 334: 332: 321: 319: 308: 306: 295: 293: 282: 279: 267: 264: 252: 250: 239: 238: 236: 231:Non-permanent 227: 221: 210: 208: 207:United States 197: 195: 184: 182: 171: 169: 158: 157: 155: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 127: 122: 120: 115: 113: 108: 107: 105: 99: 96: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 54: 49: 45: 41: 36: 30: 19: 5534: / 5524: / 5520: / 5516: / 5506: / 5490: / 5468: / 5440: / 5432:Oslo Accords 5377: / 5368: / 5358: / 5348: / 5338: / 5329: 5328: / 5312: / 5219: / 5117: 5005: 4967: 4959: 4905: 4751:Peacekeeping 4726:Interpreters 4646: 4347:Peacekeeping 4265:organization 4166:Full members 4127:Partnerships 4013:Headquarters 3735:peacekeeping 3425: 3419: 3353: 3333: 3324: 3305: 3296: 3274:(4): 54–66. 3271: 3267: 3261: 3247: 3228: 3219: 3207:. 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United Nations Security Council Resolution 242

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