1980 Turkish coup d'état

1093:, the only coup leaders still alive at the time, for their role in the coup. Prosecutors sought life sentences against the two retired generals. According to the indictment, a total of 191 people died in custody during the aftermath of the coup, due to "inhumane" acts. The trial began on 4 April 2012. In 2012, a court case was launched against Şahinkaya and Kenan Evren relating to the 1980 military coup. Both were sentenced to life imprisonment on 18 June 2014 by a court in Ankara. But neither of the two was sent to prison as both were in hospitals for medical treatment. Şahinkaya died in the Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital (GATA) in 227: 436:, which held the largest holdings of the country, were opposed by other social classes such as smaller industrialists, traders, rural notables, and landlords, whose interests did not always coincide among themselves. Numerous agricultural and industrial reforms sought by parts of the middle upper classes were blocked by others. By the end of the 1970s, Turkey was in an unstable situation with unsolved economic and social problems, facing strike actions, and the partial paralysis of parliamentary politics. The 813:

people were tortured, and thousands disappeared. A total of 1,683,000 people were blacklisted. Apart from the militants killed during shootings, at least four prisoners were legally executed immediately after the coup; the first ones since 1972, while in February 1982 there were 108 prisoners condemned to capital punishment. Among the prosecuted were Ecevit, Demirel, Türkeş, and Erbakan, who were incarcerated and temporarily suspended from politics.

3313: 1899: 1164: 2476: 50: 832:

military government charged 220 members of the MHP and its affiliates for 694 murders. Evren and his cohorts realized that Türkeş was a charismatic leader who could challenge their authority using the paramilitary Grey Wolves. Following the coup in Colonel Türkeş's indictment, the Turkish press revealed the close links maintained by the MHP with security forces as well as

1012:, and included several retired military officers and a few civil servants. Some alleged in Turkey, after the coup, that General Saltuk had been preparing a more radical, rightist coup, which had been one of the reasons prompting the other generals to act, respecting the hierarchy, and then to include him in the MGK in order to neutralize him. 820:, who said he looked forward to it in order to avoid thinking of the torture he had witnessed. According to official records he was born in 1961. He was accused of killing a Turkish soldier. Kenan Evren said "Now, after I catch him, I will put him on trial, and then I will not execute him, I will take care of him for life. I will feed that 1130:

another diplomat rather than Henze informed the president, saying "Boys in Ankara did it." However, according to the same interview, Henze, the CIA and the Pentagon did not know about the coup beforehand. Some Turkish media sources reported it as "Henze indeed said Our boys did it", while others simply called the statement an

2302:

istediğim, yönetime müdahale için zamanı geldi mi? Ya da uyarıda mı bulunmak daha uygun olur? Bu hususlar etüt edilecek. Arada rapor verin. Hiçbir şey kayda geçmeyecek. Tek nüsha yazılsın. Elle… Bugün 11 Eylül, altı ay içinde tamamlayın. Bir de görevlendireceğimiz kişilere maske görev verin. Etrafın dikkatini çekmesin.

1145:

to alert them of the coup an hour in advance. Both in his press conference held after the government was overthrown and when interrogated by public prosecutor in 2011 General Kenan Evren said "the US did not have pre-knowledge of the coup but we informed them of the coup 2 hours in advance due to our

812:

The coup rounded up members of both the left and right for trial with military tribunals. Within a very short time, there were 250,000 to 650,000 people detained. Among the detainees, 230,000 were tried, 14,000 were stripped of citizenship, and 50 were executed. In addition, hundreds of thousands of

712:

In the days following the coup the NSC suspended parliament, disbanded all political parties and took their leaders in custody. Workers' strikes were made illegal and labor unions were suspended. Local governors, mayors and public servants were replaced by military personnel. Curfews were imposed in

1120:

wrote that after the government was overthrown, Henze cabled Washington, saying, "our boys did it." On a June 2003 interview to Zaman, Henze denied American involvement stating "I did not say to Carter 'Our boys did it.' It is totally a tale, a myth, it is something Birand fabricated. He knows it,

831:

After having taken advantage of the Grey Wolves' activism, General Kenan Evren imprisoned hundreds of them. At the time they were some 1700 Grey Wolves organizations in Turkey, with about 200,000 registered members and a million sympathizers. In its indictment of the MHP in May 1981, the Turkish

764:

wrote "A feeling of hope is evident among international bankers that Turkey's military coup may have opened the way to greater political stability as an essential prerequisite for the revitalization of the Turkish economy". During 1980–1983, the foreign exchange rate was allowed to float freely.

1149:

Tahsin Şahinkaya – then general in charge of the Turkish Air Forces who is said to have travelled to the United States just before the coup, told the US army general was not informed of the upcoming coup and the general was surprised to have been uninformed of the coup after the government was

1129:

by saying "It is impossible for me to have fabricated it, the American support to the coup and the atmosphere in Washington was in the same direction. Henze narrated me these words despite he now denies it" and presented the footage of an interview with Henze recorded in 1997 according to which

2462:

Cezaevinde yapılan (neler olduğunu ayrıntılı bir biçimde öğrenirsiniz sanırım) insanlık dışı zulüm altında inletildik. O kadar aşağılık, o kadar canice şeyler gördüm ki, bugünlerde yaşamak bir işkence haline geldi. İşte bu durumda ölüm korkulacak bir şey değil, şiddetle arzulanan bir olay, bir

2049:

The fact that militias of all political tendencies seemed to be buying their arsenals from the same sources pointed to the possibility of a deliberate orchestration of the violence – of the sort P2 had attempted in Italy a few years earlier – to prepare the psychological climate for a military

1004:

The referendum and the elections did not take place in a free and competitive setting. Many political leaders of pre-coup era (including Süleyman Demirel, Bülent Ecevit, Alparslan Türkeş and Necmettin Erbakan) had been banned from politics, and all new parties needed to get the approval of the

533:

Unprecedented political violence erupted in Turkey in the late 1970s. The overall death toll of the 1970s is estimated at 5,000, with nearly ten assassinations per day. Most were members of left-wing and right-wing political organizations, then engaged in bitter fighting. The ultra-nationalist

848:

Within three years the generals passed some 800 laws in order to form a militarily disciplined society. The coup members were convinced of the unworkability of the existing constitution. They decided to adopt a new constitution that included mechanisms to prevent what they saw as impeding the

2301:

Haydar Paşa, size vereceğim bu görevden sadece kuvvet komutanlarının haberi var. İç güvenliğimizin tehlikede olduğunu pek çok defa konuştuk. Silahlı Kuvvetlerin içine de sızmalar başladığını biliyorsunuz. Sizden bir çalışma grubu kurmanızı istiyorum. İki kurmayı görevlendirin. Araştırmanızı

1048:. But political instability followed as the host of banned politicians reentered politics, fracturing the vote, and the Motherland Party became increasingly corrupt. Özal, who succeeded Evren as President of Turkey, died of a heart attack in 1993, and Süleyman Demirel was elected president. 551:(Revolutionary Path) at Ankara Military Court, the defendants listed 5,388 political killings before the military coup. Among the victims were 1,296 right-wingers and 2,109 left-wingers. Other killings couldn't be definitely connected, but were most likely politically inspired. The 1977 601:

on whether a coup was in order or the government merely needed a stern warning. The report, which recommended preparing for a coup, was delivered in six months. Evren kept the report in his office safe. Evren says the only other person beside Saltık who was aware of the details was

625:

A second report, submitted in March 1980, recommended undertaking the coup without further delay, otherwise apprehensive lower-ranked officers might be tempted to "take the matter into their own hands". Evren made only minor amendments to Saltık's plan, titled "Operation Flag"

728:

One of the coup's most visible effects was on the economy. On the day of the coup, it was on the verge of collapse, with triple-digit inflation. There was large-scale unemployment and a chronic foreign trade deficit. The economic changes between 1980 and 1983 were credited to

2014:, p. 235: Colonel Talat Turhan accused the United States for having fuelled the brutality from which Turkey suffered in the 1970s by setting up the Special Warfare Department, the Counter-Guerrilla secret army and the MIT and training them according to FM 30–31 1549: 529:

had no winner. At first, Demirel continued the coalition with the Nationalist Front. But in 1978, Ecevit once again took power with the help of some deputies who had moved from one party to another, until 1979, when Demirel once again became prime minister.

606:. It has been argued that this was a plot on Evren's part to encompass the political spectrum, as Saltık was close to the left, while Ersin took care of the right. Backlash from political organizations after the coup would therefore be prevented. 769:, were promoted to involve joint enterprises with foreign establishments. The 85% pre-coup level government involvement in the economy forced a reduction in the relative importance of the state sector. Just after the coup, Turkey revitalized the 609:

On 21 December, the War Academy generals convened to decide the course of action. The pretext for the coup was to put an end to the social conflicts of the 1970s, as well as the parliamentary instability. They resolved to issue the party leaders

2463:

kurtuluş haline geldi. Böyle bir durumda insanın intihar ederek yaşamına son vermesi işten bile değildir. Ancak ben bu durumda irademi kullanarak ne pahasına olursa olsun yaşamımı sürdürdüm. Hem de ileride bir gün öldürüleceğimi bile bile.

2500:Şimdi ben, bunu yakaladıktan sonra mahkemeye vereceğim ve ondan sonra da idam etmeyeceğim, ömür boyu ona bakacağım. Bu vatan için kanını akıtan bu Mehmetçiklere silah çeken o haini ben senelerce besleyeceğim. Buna siz razı olur musunuz? 390:

militant groups, and the state. The violence saw a sharp downturn for a period after the coup, which was welcomed by some for restoring order by quickly executing 50 people and arresting 500,000, of which hundreds would die in prison.

733:. In 1979, Özal became an undersecretary in Demirel's minority government until the coup. As an undersecretary, he played a major role in developing economic reforms, known as the 24 January decisions, which paved the way for greater 267:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 2632:

Shortly after the 1980 military coup, the government, under the late Prime Minister Turgut Özal, introduced a law that strengthened the power of the police forces to counter the MİT, which was headed by a general at the

2803:

Mehmet Ali Birand, bu sözlere ‘'Bu şekilde uydurmama imkan yok. 12 Eylül'e ABD'nin verdiği destek ve Washington'daki hava da aynı yöndeydi. Sonradan reddetmesine rağmen Henze bana bu sözleri söyledi'’ diye karşılık

521:

The MHP used the opportunity to infiltrate state security services, seriously aggravating the low-intensity war between the rival factions. Politicians seemed unable to stem the growing violence in the country.

680:

tradition of state secularism and in the unity of the nation, which had already justified the precedent coups, and presented themselves as opposed to communism, fascism, separatism and religious sectarianism.

2550:

The leaders of the 1980 military coup d'état knew that the paramilitary force of the NAP would dilute their authority because the party was an alternative organization directly attached to the personality of

2828:

Kasete göre, Başkan Carter’a Ankara’daki darbeyi haber veren Henze değil, başka bir diplomat. Ancak olayı Birand’a anlatan Henze, "Ankara’daki çocuklar başardı". şeklindeki mesajın Carter’a iletildiğini

2606:, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000, pg. 117. "The 1983 Turkish transition is almost a textbook example of the degree to which a departing military regime can dictate the conditions of its departure (...)." 692:. According to the Armed Forces broadcast, the coup was needed to save the Turkish Republic from political fragmentation, violence and the economic collapse that was created by political mismanagement. 2780:

Başkan Carter’a 'Bizim çocuklar bu işi başardı' demedim. Bu tümüyle bir efsane, bir mit. Gazeteci Mehmet Ali Birand’ın uydurmuş olduğu bir şey. O da biliyor bunu. Bu konuda kendisiyle de konuştum zaten

2645: 585:—one of the five generals who would lead the coup. (The deputy undersecretary of the MİT, Nihat Yıldız, was demoted to the London consulate and replaced by a lieutenant general as a result). 2697: 1374: 1008:

The secretary general of the National Security Council was general Haydar Saltık. Both he and Evren were the strong men of the regime, while the government was headed by a retired admiral,

788:

The drastic expansion of the economy during this period was relative to the previous level. The GDP remained well below those of most Middle Eastern and European countries. The government

3222: 5637: 2562: 1506: 563:

stood out. Following the Maraş massacre, martial law was announced in 14 of (then) 67 provinces in December 1978. By the time of the coup, it had been extended to 20 provinces.

1235: 6972: 2602: 1799: 3200: 3188: 1529: 1494: 1717: 1694: 1005:

National Security Council in order to participate in the elections. Only three parties, two of which were actually created by the junta, were permitted to contest.

3284: 3227: 3217: 1407: 853:. The new constitution brought clear limits and definitions, such as on the rules of election of the president, which was stated as a factor for the coup d'état. 3255: 1314: 3604: 1633: 2254: 1554: 5823: 3440: 1650: 1511: 2716: 5254: 3472: 3232: 1608: 7127: 4195: 3445: 2655: 1829: 1820: 716:

Istanbul was served by three military mayors between 1980 and 1984. They renamed the leftist shantytowns changing names like "1 Mayıs Mahallesi" (Eng.: "

1665: 1439: 5302: 3059: 897: 856:

On 7 November 1982 the new constitution was put to a referendum, which was accepted with 92% of the vote. On 9 November 1982 Kenan Evren was appointed

713:

the evenings under the declared state of emergency and leaving the country was prohibited. By the end of 1982 over 120,000 people had been imprisoned.

2617: 4151: 1359: 1319: 1097:, Istanbul on 9 July 2015. Evren died at a military hospital in Ankara on 9 May 2015, aged 97. His sentence was on appeal at the time of his death. 1071:, an investigation was started regarding the coup, and in June 2011, the Specially Authorized Ankara Deputy Prosecutor's Office asked ex-prosecutor 270:

Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

6957: 6484: 5234: 4241: 2694: 1593: 1275: 2736: 2578:

The report was prepared between 2 May 2012 and 28 November 2012 by the Parliamentary Investigation Commission for the Coups and the Memorandums: “

785:

program, for the 9 million people of the region. The closed economy, produced for only Turkey's need, was subsidized for a vigorous export drive.

4801: 3965: 3349: 1841: 1454: 138: 1185: 7043: 4552: 4361: 4268:

Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.

3467: 1072: 997:

After the approval by referendum of the new Constitution in June 1982, Kenan Evren organized general elections, held on 6 November 1983. This

3505: 1255: 1474: 7033: 3884: 2582: 2163: 652:

On 7 September 1980, Evren and the four service commanders decided that they would overthrow the civilian government. On 12 September, the

371: 104: 2135: 1515: 1427: 7007: 5894: 4169: 3358: 1942: 1082:

to forward a copy of an indictment he had prepared for Kenan Evren. Kayasu had previously been fired for trying to indict Evren in 2003.

1056: 571: 17: 6997: 3998: 2408: 3193: 7086: 2368: 1679: 1105:

There have been allegations of American involvement in the coup. Involvement was alleged to have been acknowledged by the CIA Ankara

849:

functioning of democracy. On 29 June 1981 the military junta appointed 160 people as members of an advisory assembly to draft a new

7038: 5071: 3756: 1347: 1052: 157: 2832: 2784: 6474: 5118: 3914: 2063: 1837: 1825: 1761: 1001:

has been criticized by the Turkish scholar Ergun Özbudun as a "textbook case" of a junta's dictating the terms of its departure.

3988: 2920: 2447: 1379: 909:

98,404 people were tried on charges of being members of a leftist, a rightist, a nationalist, a conservative, etc. organization.

7132: 6967: 5239: 3576: 3052: 2864: 1068: 760:

supported, and gave Turkish companies the ability to market products and services globally. One month after the coup, London's

688:

on the state radio address announcing that the parliament had been dismissed and that the country was under the control of the

3205: 2531: 1927: 6962: 4897: 4584: 4562: 4177: 3384: 3028: 2973: 2384: 2122: 2080:

Ve 13 Eylül 1980'de Türkiye'yi on yıla yakın bir süredir kasıp kavuran terör ve adam öldürmeler bıçakla kesilir gibi kesildi.

2035: 1996: 5985: 3802: 5804: 5729: 5389: 4989: 1519: 2284: 7147: 7137: 7002: 5409: 4542: 4208: 3931: 3423: 3342: 423: 4651: 4579: 2343: 2318: 300: 7091: 6444: 5539: 4517: 4402: 4356: 4351: 4297: 3872: 3250: 2376: 1722: 653: 399: 341: 278: 637:

The coup was planned to take place on 11 July 1980, but was postponed after a motion to put Demirel's government to a

7142: 7117: 6176: 5739: 5009: 4950: 4082: 3452: 3045: 3002: 2941: 2486: 1699: 1211: 982: 939:

400 journalists were sentenced to 3,315 years and 6 months imprisonment, and 31 journalists were actually imprisoned.

538:, the youth organisation of the MHP, claimed they were supporting the security forces. According to the anti-fascist 437: 352: 291:

Content in this edit is translated from the existing Turkish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.

4747: 1193: 868:

The junta made mandatory the lesson named "Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge", which in practice centers around

720:

Neighborhood") to "Mustafa Kemal Mahallesi" (Eng.: "Mustafa Kemal Neighborhood"), as a symbol of the military rule.

432:

system had made it difficult for any one party to achieve a parliamentary majority. The interests of the industrial

5879: 5874: 5369: 5332: 5061: 4507: 4182: 3818: 3725: 3566: 3267: 3162: 3152: 2422: 1922: 1917: 741:

responsible for the economy in Ulusu's government and continued to implement economic reforms. Özal supported the

673: 360: 5557: 5419: 5103: 1240: 1141:

itself announced the coup during the night between 11 and 12 September: the military had phoned the US embassy in

6599: 5980: 5909: 5809: 5687: 5459: 5449: 5036: 4423: 4138: 2847: 2807: 2713: 2262: 738: 669: 5374: 5261: 5249: 1059:, which at the time was run by the military. The police force even engaged in external intelligence collection. 7122: 6030: 5799: 5379: 5281: 5014: 4458: 4453: 4099: 3335: 3104: 1189: 5429: 4940: 4712: 3705: 3147: 3129: 3124: 3109: 1912: 1150:

overthrown. Michael Butter argued that outside of some anecdotes, there was no proof of American involvement.

903:

The files of 259 people, which had been recommended for the death penalty, were sent to the National Assembly.

356: 6977: 5992: 5945: 5709: 5632: 5364: 3978: 3619: 3411: 1580: 774: 526: 403: 117: 5424: 5133: 5056: 4727: 3841: 3797: 1394: 6010: 5970: 5940: 5889: 5749: 5667: 5663: 5534: 5464: 5229: 5046: 4812: 4707: 4639: 4053: 3959: 3773: 3515: 2627: 1740: 1534: 857: 778: 460: 1499: 7152: 6982: 6454: 6449: 6166: 5844: 5572: 5317: 5276: 5220: 5123: 5004: 4962: 4867: 4392: 4346: 4188: 3768: 3556: 3434: 3418: 2149: 1844: 1832: 1045: 742: 429: 7112: 6819: 6040: 6025: 6015: 5869: 5469: 4957: 4760: 4527: 4093: 4058: 3894: 3889: 3867: 3762: 3642: 3614: 3561: 3261: 2092: 896:

50 of those given the death penalty were executed (26 political prisoners, 23 criminal offenders and 1

535: 503: 383: 7048: 6924: 6869: 6689: 5677: 5384: 4945: 4557: 4474: 4041: 3662: 3656: 3212: 3183: 3178: 1877: 1020: 97: 3068: 1412: 6674: 6241: 5504: 5394: 5148: 4692: 4112: 3700: 3457: 3428: 2566: 1174: 487: 286: 6414: 1026: 556: 5904: 5849: 5834: 5774: 5582: 5562: 5322: 4999: 4604: 4036: 4031: 3609: 3479: 1588: 1178: 817: 782: 544:

magazine, in 1978 there were 3,319 fascist attacks, in which 831 were killed and 3,121 wounded.

4807: 3289: 2579: 766: 6694: 6198: 5592: 5266: 4742: 4502: 4497: 4290: 4133: 4117: 3983: 2226: 1963: 1655: 850: 753: 552: 540: 444: 6904: 3327: 1986: 1044:

from small provincial capitals into mid-sized economic boomtowns, and renewed its orientation

239: 6929: 6213: 6208: 5975: 5864: 5819: 5779: 5714: 5658: 5577: 5359: 5173: 5051: 4969: 4877: 4842: 4752: 4697: 4594: 4435: 3973: 3786: 3525: 3389: 3114: 3089: 2963: 2243:

Devrimci Yol Savunması (Defense of the Revolutionary Path). Ankara, January 1989, p. 118-119.

2209: 2110: 2025: 1613: 746: 581:, (MİT)). Ecevit told his interior minister, İrfan Özaydınlı, who then passed the news on to 515: 307: 176: 2400: 1486: 664:, MGK), headed by Evren declared coup d'état on the national channel. The MGK then extended 6469: 6236: 6091: 6045: 5960: 5955: 5754: 5653: 5602: 5597: 5489: 5444: 5399: 5337: 5168: 5143: 5093: 5021: 4935: 4785: 4387: 4366: 4234: 4048: 4021: 3926: 3904: 3862: 3546: 1871: 689: 395: 171: 163: 125: 1932: 1444: 1432: 428:

The 1970s in Turkey was characterized by political turmoil and violence. Since 1968–69, a

8: 6914: 6829: 6824: 6724: 6587: 6384: 6268: 6183: 6071: 5924: 5919: 5899: 5884: 5794: 5789: 5694: 5627: 5617: 5529: 5524: 5514: 5414: 5354: 5327: 5153: 5138: 5108: 5086: 4872: 4862: 4589: 4512: 4482: 4466: 4228: 4088: 3993: 3921: 3740: 3730: 3648: 3636: 3626: 3520: 2545: 1767: 1641: 1628: 1339: 1334: 1288: 1138: 407: 335: 5769: 5682: 1090: 611: 456: 209: 196: 7068: 6864: 6849: 6774: 6754: 6749: 6734: 6581: 6329: 6081: 5965: 5719: 5622: 5607: 5519: 5509: 5484: 5479: 5244: 5198: 5113: 5098: 5041: 4857: 4780: 4656: 4547: 4537: 4026: 3909: 3878: 3824: 3792: 3735: 3571: 3462: 2580:(Ordinal) 376, Volume 1, Page 15, Paragraph 4 (continues on page 16, the first 5 lines) 2536: 1575: 1466: 638: 387: 379: 6764: 6593: 1709: 1364: 1324: 7081: 6934: 6879: 6854: 6809: 6739: 6714: 6679: 6669: 6638: 6525: 6409: 6379: 6116: 6106: 6020: 5914: 5759: 5474: 5271: 5128: 5081: 4979: 4930: 4904: 4882: 4722: 4702: 4646: 4634: 4448: 4283: 3948: 3495: 3401: 3372: 3119: 3024: 3017: 2998: 2969: 2789: 2482: 2457: 2380: 2118: 2031: 1992: 1937: 1598: 1399: 1224:

The coup has been criticised in many Turkish movies, TV series and songs since 1980.

1117: 499: 375: 282: 7058: 6729: 1620: 1562: 781:. It was transformed into a multi-sector social and economic development program, a 619: 560: 348: 6844: 6769: 6699: 6684: 6664: 6611: 6394: 6389: 6369: 6319: 6309: 6136: 6101: 6086: 6035: 5764: 5704: 5544: 5203: 5183: 4892: 4834: 4828: 4795: 4775: 4765: 4614: 4415: 4407: 4161: 4144: 4105: 3780: 3715: 3710: 3682: 3581: 3541: 3012: 2691: 2679: 2650: 2622: 2432: 1567: 1541: 1459: 1419: 1352: 1247: 837: 697: 657: 642: 627: 574: 567: 507: 491: 479: 464: 448: 411: 326: 131: 615: 598: 472: 213: 7063: 6919: 6909: 6894: 6874: 6859: 6834: 6779: 6544: 6512: 6404: 6364: 6126: 6121: 6061: 6002: 5734: 5612: 5439: 5404: 5312: 5307: 5031: 4925: 4599: 4532: 4522: 4487: 4443: 4430: 4382: 3857: 3834: 3551: 3510: 2720: 2701: 2586: 1861: 1077: 1034: 998: 833: 5026: 1865: 1789: 1030: 1023:, which combined a neoliberal economic program with conservative social values. 1009: 816:

One notable victim of the hangings was a communist militant alleged 17-year-old

440:

had been unable to elect a president during the six months preceding the coup.

6889: 6814: 6804: 6799: 6659: 6399: 6188: 6111: 5839: 5744: 5494: 5434: 5066: 4984: 4887: 4847: 4817: 4717: 4672: 4248: 3829: 3812: 3807: 3677: 3076: 2296: 1783: 1260: 789: 777:, which was a land reform project promoted as a solution to the underdeveloped 622:, which was done on 27 December. The leaders received the letter a week later. 603: 192: 109: 1479: 1306: 1280: 1016: 770: 730: 200: 7106: 7053: 6899: 6794: 6759: 6744: 6704: 6246: 6076: 5814: 5724: 5587: 5567: 5454: 5215: 5193: 5158: 4737: 4732: 4687: 4609: 4569: 4318: 4201: 3899: 3631: 3317: 3099: 2646:"Ankara prosecutors to examine Kayasu's indictment against coup leader Evren" 2328: 1904: 1757: 1109: 1106: 828:

who shed their blood for this homeland for years. Would you agree to that?!"

793: 765:

Foreign investment was encouraged. The national establishments, initiated by

734: 582: 204: 1293: 1094: 1037:

in 1983, and returned to active politics after the 1987 Turkish referendum.

906:

71,000 people were tried by articles 141, 142 and 163 of Turkish Penal Code.

6839: 6789: 6719: 6709: 6563: 6551: 6538: 6344: 6171: 5672: 4920: 4770: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4325: 3598: 3500: 3297: 3094: 3084: 3037: 1301: 1146:

soldiers coinciding with the American community JUSMAT that is in Ankara."

1131: 797: 757: 548: 2401:"Turkey still awaits to confront with generals of the coup in 12 Sep 1980" 1386: 1085:

In January 2012, a Turkish court accepted the indictments against General

825: 6884: 6489: 6459: 6314: 6304: 6203: 6066: 5859: 5348: 5178: 5163: 4974: 4822: 4790: 4677: 4492: 4397: 4336: 4262: 3720: 3672: 3667: 3396: 3378: 2741: 2353: 1267: 1086: 915:

30,000 people were dismissed from their firms because they were suspects.

869: 801: 693: 665: 594: 433: 344: 188: 113: 2851: 2811: 2541: 2427: 1550:

Coup/Darbe - A Documentary History of the Turkish Military Interventions

1122: 56: 6643: 6354: 6324: 6278: 6193: 6161: 6153: 6096: 5784: 5499: 5188: 5076: 4682: 1849: 1777: 1773: 1753: 821: 717: 459:

was succeeded as prime minister by the leader of the social-democratic

289:

to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

5297: 2995:

NATO's Secret Armies. Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe

63:

s headline on 12 September 1980: "The army has seized the government."

6939: 6784: 6633: 6606: 6419: 6374: 6283: 6251: 6231: 6223: 5552: 5342: 2737:"Last living commander of the 1980 coup, Tahsin Şahinkaya dies at 90" 2695:

Fears of suicide prompt Evren family to remove coup leader's firearms

2603:

Contemporary Turkish Politics: Challenges to Democratic Consolidation

1816: 1810: 1804: 1795: 1732: 1041: 414:. Turkey partially returned to democracy in 1983 and fully in 1989. 1163: 840:

and the activities of hired fascist commandos all over the country.

676:

and banned all political parties and trade unions. They invoked the

49: 6518: 6359: 6256: 6131: 5950: 5854: 4994: 4852: 4306: 4075: 4015: 2676: 745:, and to this end he forced the resignation of the director of the 677: 367: 41: 5638:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

1040:

Yılmaz redoubled Turkey's economic profile, converting towns like

6464: 6349: 6339: 6288: 5829: 4574: 2618:"Turkey needs an intelligence coordination mechanism, says Güven" 2452: 1121:

too. I talked to him about it". Two days later Birand replied on

641:

was rejected on 2 July. At the Supreme Military Council meeting (

4265:

and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each

2164:"Turkey's DTP says 1980 coup waged "cultural genocide" on Kurds" 547:

In the central trial against the radical left-wing organization

264: 6532: 6334: 6273: 5208: 3357: 3312: 3139: 1142: 1029:

became the head of the Parliament. He was succeeded in 1991 by

685: 84: 2785:

Paul Henze: ‘Bizim çocuklar işi başardı’ sözünü Birand uydurdu

2504: 7017: 6973:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

6479: 6262: 4341: 3406: 2348: 2323: 1883: 1855: 930:

937 films were banned because they were found objectionable.

792:

while the economy experienced a significant decrease of the

6557: 6439: 4331: 4275: 975:

The cause of death of 43 people was announced as "suicide".

936:

3,854 teachers, 120 lecturers and 47 judges were dismissed.

1015:

Out of the 1983 elections came one-party governance under

649:) on 26 August, a second date was proposed: 12 September. 7012: 6992: 6987: 737:

in the Turkish economy. After the coup, he was appointed

2474: 566:

Ecevit was warned about the coming coup in June 1979 by

2183:

Gul, Murat. "Architecture and the Turkish City," p. 153

1033:. Meanwhile, Süleyman Demirel founded the center-right 478:

Demirel formed a coalition with the Nationalist Front (

2136:"Turkey's Kurdish Conflict and Retreat from Democracy" 1100: 954:

39 tonnes of newspapers and magazines were destroyed.

696:

was appointed head of the National Security Council (

2835:

Birand’dan Paul Henze’ye ‘sesli–görüntülü’ yalanlama

1894: 890:

7,000 people were recommended for the death penalty.

260: 3016: 2907:Kenan Evrenin anıları 2 (Memoirs of Kenan Evren 2) 2680:Turkish ex-president Kenan Evren faces coup charge 1964:"Political Instability in Turkey During the 1970s" 4043:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) 2117:, London, November 1988, AI Index: EUR/44/65/88, 2030:(3E ed.). McGill-Queen's Press. p. 94. 960:144 people died in a suspicious manner in prison. 933:23,677 associations had their activities stopped. 836:involved in drug trade, which financed in return 7104: 6958:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 2319:"12 Eylül'ün darbeci solcusu: Ali Haydar Saltık" 2064:"Savcı, Ergenekon'u Kenan Evren'e sormalı asıl!" 972:"Natural death report" for 73 persons was given. 948:300 days in which newspapers were not published. 921:30,000 people went abroad as political refugees. 752:The strategic aim was to unite Turkey with the " 597:ordered a hand-written report from full general 5395:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 4802:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 4196:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) 2615: 2093:"Turkey and its army: Erdogan and his generals" 340:'September 12 coup d'état'), headed by 3011: 2517: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2231: 2221: 2219: 1055:with intelligence capabilities to counter the 951:303 cases were opened for 13 major newspapers. 887:230,000 people were tried in 210,000 lawsuits. 285:accompanying your translation by providing an 251:Click for important translation instructions. 238:expand this article with text translated from 4291: 3506:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 3343: 3053: 3019:The Rise and Fall of the Bulgarian Connection 2150:"PKK's decades of violent struggle - CNN.com" 7034:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 4585:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 3067: 2567:International Council on Human Rights Policy 2423:"12 Eylül'de 1 milyon 683 bin kişi fişlendi" 918:14,000 people had their citizenship revoked. 406:. This period saw an intensification of the 5895:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 3359:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East 2481:(in Turkish). Bilgi Yayınevi. p. 189. 2269: 2216: 1943:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East 1192:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 963:14 people died in hunger strikes in prison. 6998:United States involvement in regime change 4553:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 4298: 4284: 3350: 3336: 3060: 3046: 3023:. New York: Sheridan Square Publications. 2921:"'ABD'ye söyleyin, yönetime el koyuyoruz'" 2510: 684:The nation learned of the coup at 4:30 AM 48: 2837:" Zaman gazetesi 14.06.2003 İbrahim Balta 2616:Sariibrahimoglu, Lale (7 December 2008). 2312: 2310: 2285:"Evren, darbe için iki rapor hazırlatmış" 1212:Learn how and when to remove this message 402:, before democracy was restored with the 4242:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) 2890:Gil, Ata. "La Turquie à marche forcée". 2456:(in Turkish). sec. Yaşam. Archived from 2207:Gil, Ata. "La Turquie à marche forcée," 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 1988:Turkey A Modern History, Revised Edition 1062: 618:) a memorandum by way of the president, 105:political violence in Turkey (1976–1980) 5124:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 3915:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 2848:Paul Henze ‘Bizim çocuklar yaptı’ demiş 2808:Paul Henze ‘Bizim çocuklar yaptı’ demiş 2411:from the original on 14 September 2008. 1984: 924:300 people died in a suspicious manner. 139:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present) 122:All political parties and groups banned 14: 7105: 6968:Russian espionage in the United States 5240:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 2992: 2961: 2446:Türker, Yıldırım (12 September 2005). 2445: 2366: 2360: 2341: 2307: 2295:. Feza Gazetecilik A.Ş. Archived from 2230:, No.47 (May 1979), pg. 6. Quoted by ( 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2023: 2011: 1961: 957:299 people lost their lives in prison. 912:388,000 people were denied a passport. 668:throughout the country, abolished the 6963:Soviet espionage in the United States 5119:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 4898:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 4563:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 4279: 3331: 3256:Sarıkız, Ayışığı, Yakamoz and Eldiven 3041: 2968:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 60. 2904: 2822: 2820: 2731: 2729: 2532:"Nationalism With and Without Turkes" 2529: 2282: 2170: 2061: 983:The Grand National Assembly of Turkey 927:171 people died by reason of torture. 7128:1980s coups d'état and coup attempts 7039:Soviet Union–United States relations 5390:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 2369:"6. Of Dope, Debt, and Dictatorship" 2342:Ekinci, Burhan (12 September 2008). 2317:Oğur, Yıldıray (17 September 2008). 2316: 2252: 2106: 2104: 2102: 1686: 1190:adding citations to reliable sources 1157: 800:policy, and several successive mini- 749:, İsmail Aydınoğlu, who opposed it. 410:of the state, including banning the 220: 7003:Soviet involvement in regime change 2475:Oran, Baskın; Evren, Kenan (1989). 2283:Doğan, İbrahim (1 September 2008). 2186: 1962:Gunter, Michael M. (January 1989). 1101:Allegations of the U.S. involvement 893:517 people were sentenced to death. 424:Political violence in Turkey, 1970s 24: 7044:Soviet Union–United States summits 4518:1947 Polish parliamentary election 4403:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 4152:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) 3577:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 2962:Butter, Michael (6 October 2020). 2817: 2763: 2726: 2373:Hot Money and the Politics of Debt 2255:"Çalınan silahlar falcıya soruldu" 2027:Hot Money and the Politics of Debt 1057:National Intelligence Organization 1051:The Özal government empowered the 966:16 people were shot while fleeing. 884:1,683,000 people were blacklisted. 672:and the government, suspended the 572:National Intelligence Organization 297:{{Translated|tr|12 Eylül Darbesi}} 25: 7164: 5805:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 5740:United States invasion of Grenada 5010:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 4951:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 3989:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt 2965:The Nature of Conspiracy Theories 2909:. Milliyet yayınları. p. 46. 2478:Kenan Evren'in yazılmamış anıları 2099: 2095:. The Economist. 2 February 2013. 881:650,000 people were under arrest. 438:Grand National Assembly of Turkey 353:history of the Republic of Turkey 5880:United States invasion of Panama 5730:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 5370:1971 Turkish military memorandum 5333:Communist insurgency in Thailand 5303:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 5235:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 5062:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 4990:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 4508:Restatement of Policy on Germany 4027:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) 3311: 2865:"Remembering an Atatürkist coup" 2344:"12 Eylül sermayenin darbesiydi" 1928:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt 1923:1997 Turkish military memorandum 1918:1971 Turkish military memorandum 1897: 1776:: Büyü – (Composed in memory of 1764:(2008), 'Raptiye Rap Rap' (1992) 1162: 969:95 people were killed in combat. 225: 6600:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 5981:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 5910:Fall of the inner German border 5810:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 5460:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 5450:Spanish transition to democracy 5410:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 5037:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 4543:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 4424:Occupation of the Baltic states 4209:Yemeni civil war (2014–present) 4178:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon 3932:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq 2986: 2955: 2942:""Bizim çocuklar" haber vermiş" 2934: 2913: 2898: 2889: 2883: 2857: 2841: 2795: 2772: 2757: 2707: 2685: 2670: 2638: 2609: 2594: 2572: 2563:History of the Kurdish Uprising 2556: 2523: 2468: 2439: 2415: 2393: 2377:McGill-Queen's University Press 2335: 2246: 2237: 2156: 843: 739:Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey 355:, the previous having been the 5380:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 5015:Mozambican War of Independence 4454:Indonesian National Revolution 2714:Why does Evren still think so? 2142: 2128: 2085: 2055: 2017: 2005: 1978: 1955: 1069:2010 constitutional referendum 942:300 journalists were attacked. 593:On 11 September 1979, General 398:ruled the country through the 372:political violence (1976–1980) 295:You may also add the template 13: 1: 7133:September 1980 events in Asia 6978:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 5993:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 5946:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 5668:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 5633:Seven Days to the River Rhine 5365:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 4652:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 4580:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 3979:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 3620:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 2253:Ünlü, Ferhat (17 July 2007). 1948: 1153: 945:3 journalists were shot dead. 775:Southeastern Anatolia Project 404:1983 Turkish general election 394:For the next three years the 118:1983 Turkish general election 5971:Fall of communism in Albania 5941:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 5890:Polish Round Table Agreement 5230:1968 Polish political crisis 5047:Eritrean War of Independence 4813:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 4708:East German uprising of 1953 4640:Chinese Communist Revolution 4305: 4183:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 4170:Turkish involvement in Syria 4054:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 3885:Political violence in Turkey 3819:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 3726:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 3605:Italian bombing of Palestine 3567:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 3516:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 3100:1730 Patrona Halil rebellion 2569:. Retrieved 31 October 2009. 2327:(in Turkish). Archived from 2261:(in Turkish). Archived from 2062:Ustel, Aziz (14 July 2008). 992: 987:Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 863: 807: 762:International Banking Review 27:1980 military coup in Turkey 7: 5845:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 5573:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 5318:Corrective Movement (Syria) 5282:New People's Army rebellion 5277:Sino-Soviet border conflict 5005:Angolan War of Independence 4868:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 4748:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 4393:Jamaican political conflict 3435:Turkish War of Independence 3419:Unification of Saudi Arabia 2115:Turkey: Human Rights Denied 1991:. I.B.Tauris. p. 263. 1968:Journal of Conflict Studies 1890: 743:International Monetary Fund 498:, an Islamist party led by 430:proportional representation 18:Turkish military coup, 1980 10: 7169: 7148:Military history of Ankara 7138:Economic history of Turkey 6041:Sino-Indian border dispute 5870:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 5800:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 5558:1976 Argentine coup d'état 5470:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 5420:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 5104:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 5072:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 4761:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 4528:Asian Relations Conference 4100:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 4094:Houthi insurgency in Yemen 4083:Balochi insurgency in Iran 4059:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq 3895:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq 3890:Islamist uprising in Syria 3868:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 3757:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 3643:Kurdish separatism in Iran 3562:Goharshad Mosque rebellion 3278:Other incidents and trials 3262:Operation Cage Action Plan 3015:; Brodhead, Frank (1986). 2530:Ergil, Dogu (2 May 1997). 2518:Herman & Brodhead 1986 2503:(3 October 1984 speech at 2367:Naylor, R. Thomas (2004). 2232:Herman & Brodhead 1986 860:for the next seven years. 723: 707: 579:Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı 512:Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi 504:Nationalist Movement Party 421: 417: 342:Chief of the General Staff 259:Machine translation, like 7077: 7026: 6948: 6925:William Appleman Williams 6870:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 6652: 6624: 6573: 6505: 6498: 6432: 6297: 6222: 6152: 6145: 6054: 6001: 5933: 5646: 5385:Bangladesh Liberation War 5375:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 5290: 5262:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 5250:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 4913: 4688:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 4665: 4375: 4313: 4258: 4221: 4126: 4067: 4007: 3940: 3858:Black September in Jordan 3850: 3749: 3693: 3590: 3534: 3488: 3365: 3307: 3277: 3243: 3171: 3138: 3075: 2024:Naylor, Robert T (2004). 1985:Zürcher, Erik J. (2004). 1227: 875: 654:National Security Council 461:Republican People's Party 400:National Security Council 240:the corresponding article 182: 158:National Security Council 150: 98:43rd government of Turkey 67: 47: 39: 34: 7143:Anti-communism in Turkey 7118:Military coups in Turkey 5700:1980 Turkish coup d'état 5535:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 5505:1978 Somali coup attempt 5465:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 5430:1973 Chilean coup d'état 5255:Revolutionary Government 5149:South African Border War 4941:1960 Turkish coup d'état 4858:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 4713:1953 Iranian coup d'état 4693:1952 Egyptian revolution 3960:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 3955:1980 Turkish coup d'état 3774:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 3706:1953 Iranian coup d'état 3701:1952 Egyptian revolution 3429:1919 Egyptian revolution 3412:Mount Lebanon starvation 3233:military asylum incident 3069:Military coups in Turkey 2993:Ganser, Daniele (2005). 1913:1960 Turkish coup d'état 1747: 1302:Hunting Time (Av Zamanı) 824:who took a gun to these 488:National Salvation Party 323:1980 Turkish coup d'état 35:1980 Turkish coup d'état 5905:Fall of the Berlin Wall 5850:People Power Revolution 5835:Central American crisis 5775:1986 Black Sea incident 5425:1973 Afghan coup d'état 5323:Western Sahara conflict 5134:1966 Syrian coup d'état 5057:1963 Syrian coup d'état 5000:Portuguese Colonial War 4963:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 4728:1954 Syrian coup d'état 4605:Annexation of Hyderabad 4548:1947–1949 Palestine war 4189:War in Iraq (2013–2017) 4037:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War 4032:Yemeni Civil War (1994) 3842:1966 Syrian coup d'état 3769:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 3610:Allied invasion of Iraq 3557:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) 3480:Mahmud Barzanji revolts 3228:international reactions 2700:20 January 2012 at the 2585:23 January 2013 at the 1741:Öyle Bir Geçer Zaman Ki 1718:Bu Kalp Seni Unutur Mu? 1589:Home Coming (Eve Dönüş) 1375:Bütün Kapılar Kapalıydı 783:sustainable development 588: 469:Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi 361:1971 coup by memorandum 306:For more guidance, see 6199:Neoclassical economics 5710:Gulf of Sidra incident 5267:1969 Libyan revolution 4958:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 4743:1954 Geneva Conference 4503:Turkish straits crisis 4498:Corfu Channel incident 4134:2011 Bahraini uprising 4118:South Yemen insurgency 3999:Abu Nidal's executions 3984:1986 Damascus bombings 3763:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 3615:Syria–Lebanon campaign 3385:Middle Eastern theatre 3285:Nine Officers Incident 2997:. London: Frank Cass. 2299:on 12 September 2008. 1813:, 'Muhasebe'(12 Eylül) 1786:, 'Yine de Şahlanıyor' 702:Milli Güvenlik Konseyi 701: 662:Milli Güvenlik Konseyi 661: 646: 631: 578: 553:Taksim Square massacre 511: 495: 483: 468: 452: 330: 183:Commanders and leaders 7123:1980 crimes in Turkey 7049:Russia–NATO relations 6930:Jonathan Reed Winkler 6214:Democratic capitalism 6209:Supply-side economics 6177:American conservatism 5976:Breakup of Yugoslavia 5865:Bougainville conflict 5780:South Yemen civil war 5715:Martial law in Poland 5578:Nicaraguan Revolution 5553:Dirty War (Argentina) 5360:1971 JVP insurrection 5174:Years of Lead (Italy) 5052:North Yemen civil war 4970:Berlin Crisis of 1961 4946:Albanian–Soviet split 4878:1959 Tibetan uprising 4843:Syrian Crisis of 1957 4698:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 4558:1948 Arab–Israeli War 3974:South Yemen civil war 3873:Shatt al-Arab clashes 3798:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup 3787:North Yemen civil war 3736:1958 Iraqi revolution 3663:1948 Arab–Israeli War 3657:Arab–Israeli conflict 3526:Sheikh Said rebellion 3390:Battle of Robat Karim 3090:1622 janissary revolt 2905:Evren, Kenan (1990). 2892:Le Monde Diplomatique 2719:23 March 2012 at the 2356:on 13 September 2008. 2331:on 27 September 2008. 2210:Le Monde diplomatique 2111:Amnesty International 1680:Miracle in Cell No. 7 1395:Uçurtmayı Vurmasınlar 1236:Sen Türkülerini Söyle 1063:Trial of coup leaders 779:Southeastern Anatolia 557:Bahçelievler massacre 502:), and the far-right 496:Millî Selamet Partisi 443:In 1975 conservative 308:Knowledge:Translation 279:copyright attribution 6470:Non-Aligned Movement 6092:Peaceful coexistence 6046:North Borneo dispute 5961:German reunification 5956:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 5654:Salvadoran Civil War 5603:Grand Mosque seizure 5598:Yemenite War of 1979 5490:Mozambican Civil War 5445:Carnation Revolution 5400:Yemenite War of 1972 5338:1970 Polish protests 5169:1967 Hong Kong riots 5144:Argentine Revolution 5094:Guatemalan Civil War 5022:Cuban Missile Crisis 4936:Bay of Pigs Invasion 4808:1956 Poznań protests 4786:Geneva Summit (1955) 4388:Hukbalahap Rebellion 4367:Non-Aligned Movement 4113:Fatah–Hamas conflict 4049:Operation Desert Fox 4022:1991 Iraqi uprisings 4016:Gulf War (1990–1991) 3927:Grand Mosque seizure 3905:Yemenite War of 1979 3863:Yemenite War of 1972 3803:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup 3793:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup 3547:Ahmed Barzani revolt 3458:Turkish–Armenian War 2788:– by Ibrahim Balta. 2766:12 eylül: saat 04.00 2764:Birand, Mehmet Ali. 2630:on 8 December 2008. 2460:on 24 October 2005. 2435:. 12 September 2008. 1868:, 'İki Çocuk' (2006) 1852:, 'Son Bakış' (1989) 1186:improve this section 1114:12 Eylül: saat 04.00 690:Turkish Armed Forces 396:Turkish Armed Forces 177:Opposition of Turkey 172:Government of Turkey 164:Turkish Armed Forces 126:Political repression 6915:Alex von Tunzelmann 6905:Vladimir Tismăneanu 6830:Thomas J. McCormick 6825:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 6725:Robert Hugh Ferrell 6588:Crusade for Freedom 6385:Illiberal democracy 6269:Ho Chi Minh Thought 6072:Eisenhower Doctrine 5925:Peaceful Revolution 5920:Romanian Revolution 5900:Revolutions of 1989 5885:1988 Polish strikes 5795:Operation INFEKTION 5790:1987 Lieyu massacre 5695:Eritrean Civil Wars 5678:Peruvian Revolution 5628:1979 Herat uprising 5618:Sino-Vietnamese War 5583:Uganda–Tanzania War 5563:Egyptian–Libyan War 5530:Third Indochina War 5525:Sino-Albanian split 5515:Ethiopian Civil War 5415:Eritrean Civil Wars 5355:Ping-pong diplomacy 5328:Cambodian Civil War 5154:Korean DMZ Conflict 5139:Cultural Revolution 5109:Dominican Civil War 5087:Tlatelolco massacre 4873:1959 Mosul uprising 4863:1958 Lebanon crisis 4590:Al-Wathbah uprising 4513:First Indochina War 4483:Iran crisis of 1946 4261:This list includes 4229:2021 Beirut clashes 4089:2004 Qamishli riots 3966:Turkey–PKK conflict 3922:1979 Qatif Uprising 3741:1959 Mosul uprising 3731:1958 Lebanon crisis 3678:1973 Yom Kippur War 3649:Iran crisis of 1946 3637:Al-Wathbah uprising 3627:1943 Barzani revolt 3521:Great Syrian Revolt 3501:Iraqi Revolt (1920) 3424:Simko Shikak revolt 2871:. 11 September 2012 2869:Hürriyet Daily News 1581:Sırrı Süreyya Önder 1408:Bekle Dedim Gölgeye 1139:US State Department 1112:. In his 1986 book 408:Turkish nationalism 345:General Kenan Evren 7153:Cold War conflicts 7069:Russian Revolution 6865:Mary Elise Sarotte 6850:William B. Pickett 6775:Patrick J. Hearden 6755:Gabriel Gorodetsky 6750:Timothy Garton Ash 6735:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 6330:Ethnic nationalism 6082:Hallstein Doctrine 5966:Yemeni unification 5755:1985 Geneva Summit 5720:Casamance conflict 5623:New Jewel Movement 5608:Iranian Revolution 5593:Chadian–Libyan War 5540:Cambodian conflict 5520:Lebanese Civil War 5510:Western Sahara War 5485:June 1976 protests 5480:Cambodian genocide 5245:17 July Revolution 5199:Nigerian Civil War 5114:Rhodesian Bush War 5099:Colombian conflict 5042:Ramadan Revolution 4781:Bandung Conference 4657:Operation Valuable 4538:Partition of India 3910:Iranian Revolution 3879:Lebanese Civil War 3825:1948 Palestine war 3572:1935 Yazidi revolt 3463:Franco-Turkish War 3140:Republic of Turkey 2548:on 18 April 2013. 2537:Turkish Daily News 2407:. 9 October 2008. 2265:on 30 August 2008. 2166:. 21 October 2008. 1874:, 'Gurbet Türküsü' 1800:Yaşıyor Kenan Paşa 1695:Çemberimde Gül Oya 1487:Tomris Giritlioğlu 1315:Kara Sevdalı Bulut 647:Yüksek Askeri Şura 639:vote of confidence 287:interlanguage link 7113:Conflicts in 1980 7100: 7099: 7087:List of conflicts 6935:Rudolph Winnacker 6880:Giles Scott-Smith 6855:Ronald E. Powaski 6810:Melvyn P. Leffler 6740:John Lewis Gaddis 6715:Robert D. English 6680:Warren H. Carroll 6670:Michael Beschloss 6639:Nuclear arms race 6620: 6619: 6526:Neues Deutschland 6428: 6427: 6410:White nationalism 6380:Liberal democracy 6117:Ulbricht Doctrine 6107:Brezhnev Doctrine 5915:Velvet Revolution 5659:Soviet–Afghan War 5475:Angolan Civil War 5272:Goulash Communism 5129:ASEAN Declaration 5082:Mexican Dirty War 4980:Annexation of Goa 4931:1960 U-2 incident 4905:Sino-Soviet split 4883:Laotian Civil War 4723:Bricker Amendment 4703:Mau Mau rebellion 4647:Malayan Emergency 4635:Chinese Civil War 4595:Tito–Stalin split 4449:Division of Korea 4273: 4272: 3496:Franco-Syrian War 3453:Greco-Turkish War 3441:Anglo-Turkish War 3407:Assyrian genocide 3402:Armenian genocide 3373:Italo-Turkish War 3325: 3324: 3268:Sledgehammer plan 3030:978-0-940380-06-6 2975:978-1-5095-4083-9 2704:, 19 January 2012 2682:, 10 January 2012 2386:978-0-7735-2743-0 2123:978-0-86210-156-5 2037:978-0-7735-2743-0 1998:978-1-85043-399-6 1938:History of Turkey 1933:Diyarbakır Prison 1830:A.D. 12 September 1770:'Demirbaş' (1995) 1687:Television series 1555:Elif Savaş Felsen 1495:Gülün Bittiği Yer 1222: 1221: 1214: 1118:Mehmet Ali Birand 767:Atatürk's Reforms 527:elections of 1977 500:Necmettin Erbakan 339: 319: 318: 252: 248: 219: 218: 146: 145: 75:12 September 1980 16:(Redirected from 7160: 6845:David S. Painter 6770:John Earl Haynes 6700:Nicholas J. Cull 6685:Adrian Cioroianu 6665:Thomas A. Bailey 6612:Voice of America 6503: 6502: 6415:White separatism 6395:Social democracy 6390:Guided democracy 6370:Authoritarianism 6320:Ultranationalism 6310:Anti-imperialism 6237:Marxism–Leninism 6150: 6149: 6137:Kinmen Agreement 6102:Johnson Doctrine 6087:Kennedy Doctrine 6003:Frozen conflicts 5986:1991 August Coup 5875:Afghan Civil War 5770:Reykjavík Summit 5765:Somali Rebellion 5705:Ugandan Bush War 5683:Gdańsk Agreement 5204:Protests of 1968 5184:War of Attrition 4893:Cuban Revolution 4829:We will bury you 4796:Cyprus Emergency 4776:Kashmir Princess 4766:Jebel Akhdar War 4615:Western betrayal 4300: 4293: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4235:Israel–Hamas war 4162:Syrian civil war 4145:Sinai insurgency 4106:2006 Lebanon War 3781:Dhofar Rebellion 3716:Cyprus Emergency 3711:Jebel Akhdar War 3683:1982 Lebanon War 3673:1967 Six-Day War 3582:Dersim rebellion 3542:Ararat rebellion 3446:Al-Jazeera Front 3352: 3345: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3316: 3315: 3293: 3209: 3197: 3120:1909 countercoup 3062: 3055: 3048: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3022: 3013:Herman, Edward S 3008: 2980: 2979: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2894:. February 1981. 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2861: 2855: 2845: 2839: 2824: 2815: 2799: 2793: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2733: 2724: 2711: 2705: 2689: 2683: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2654:. Archived from 2642: 2636: 2635: 2626:. Archived from 2613: 2607: 2600:Özbudun, Ergun. 2598: 2592: 2576: 2570: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2544:. Archived from 2527: 2521: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2497: 2495: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2448:"Çocuğu astılar" 2443: 2437: 2436: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2405:Hurriyet English 2397: 2391: 2390: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2352:. Archived from 2339: 2333: 2332: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2280: 2267: 2266: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2223: 2214: 2213:, February 1981. 2205: 2184: 2181: 2168: 2167: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2132: 2126: 2108: 2097: 2096: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2059: 2053: 2052: 2046: 2044: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 2002: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1959: 1907: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1792:, 'Darbe' (2006) 1726: 1703: 1659: 1617: 1602: 1538: 1523: 1503: 1483: 1463: 1448: 1436: 1416: 1383: 1368: 1356: 1328: 1264: 1244: 1217: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1197: 1166: 1158: 1091:Tahsin Şahinkaya 1081: 1027:Yıldırım Akbulut 1021:Motherland Party 612:Süleyman Demirel 516:Alparslan Türkeş 484:Milliyetçi Cephe 457:Süleyman Demirel 412:Kurdish language 370:era, Turkey saw 347:, was the third 334: 331:12 Eylül Darbesi 298: 292: 265:Google Translate 250: 246: 229: 228: 221: 210:Süleyman Demirel 197:Tahsin Şahinkaya 132:Kurdish language 69: 68: 62: 54:Daily newspaper 52: 32: 31: 21: 7168: 7167: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7073: 7064:Second Cold War 7022: 6950: 6944: 6920:Odd Arne Westad 6910:Patrick Vaughan 6895:Athan Theoharis 6875:Ellen Schrecker 6860:Yakov M. Rabkin 6835:Timothy Naftali 6780:Tvrtko Jakovina 6765:Jussi Hanhimäki 6648: 6626: 6616: 6594:Paix et Liberté 6569: 6513:Active measures 6494: 6424: 6405:White supremacy 6365:Totalitarianism 6293: 6218: 6141: 6127:Reagan Doctrine 6122:Carter Doctrine 6062:Truman Doctrine 6050: 5997: 5929: 5824:Soviet reaction 5735:Ndogboyosoi War 5642: 5613:Saur Revolution 5440:1973 oil crisis 5405:Munich massacre 5313:Alcora Exercise 5308:Black September 5286: 5032:Sino-Indian War 4926:Simba rebellion 4909: 4753:Capture of the 4661: 4600:Berlin Blockade 4533:May 1947 crises 4523:Truman Doctrine 4488:Greek Civil War 4477:Blacklist Forty 4444:Gouzenko Affair 4431:Cursed soldiers 4383:Morgenthau Plan 4371: 4309: 4304: 4274: 4269: 4267: 4254: 4217: 4139:Egyptian Crisis 4122: 4063: 4003: 3936: 3846: 3835:Second Intifada 3745: 3689: 3586: 3552:Simele massacre 3530: 3511:Adwan Rebellion 3484: 3361: 3356: 3326: 3321: 3310: 3303: 3287: 3273: 3239: 3203: 3191: 3167: 3163:1997 memorandum 3153:1971 memorandum 3134: 3115:1908 revolution 3105:1807–1808 coups 3071: 3066: 3031: 3005: 2989: 2984: 2983: 2976: 2960: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2903: 2899: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2846: 2842: 2825: 2818: 2814:, 14 June 2003. 2800: 2796: 2777: 2773: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2735: 2734: 2727: 2723:, 22 March 2012 2721:Wayback Machine 2712: 2708: 2702:Wayback Machine 2690: 2686: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2614: 2610: 2599: 2595: 2587:Wayback Machine 2577: 2573: 2565:a paper of the 2561: 2557: 2528: 2524: 2515: 2511: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2473: 2469: 2444: 2440: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2387: 2365: 2361: 2340: 2336: 2315: 2308: 2281: 2270: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2224: 2217: 2206: 2187: 2182: 2171: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2109: 2100: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2073: 2071: 2060: 2056: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2022: 2018: 2010: 2006: 1999: 1983: 1979: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1903: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1886:, 'Lan N'oldu?' 1878:Ezginin Günlüğü 1872:Özdemir Erdoğan 1807:, 'Seksenciler' 1750: 1720: 1710:Hatırla Sevgili 1697: 1689: 1653: 1634:Murat Saraçoğlu 1611: 1596: 1532: 1530:Eylül Fırtınası 1509: 1497: 1477: 1457: 1442: 1430: 1410: 1377: 1362: 1350: 1322: 1258: 1238: 1230: 1218: 1207: 1201: 1198: 1183: 1167: 1156: 1103: 1075: 1065: 1035:True Path Party 999:democratization 995: 878: 866: 846: 834:organized crime 810: 726: 710: 632:Bayrak Harekâtı 591: 559:, and the 1978 426: 420: 315: 314: 313: 296: 290: 253: 230: 226: 212: 203: 199: 195: 191: 174: 87: 60: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7166: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6954: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6890:Timothy Snyder 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6820:Vojtech Mastny 6817: 6815:Geir Lundestad 6812: 6807: 6805:Walter Laqueur 6802: 6800:Walter LaFeber 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6730:André Fontaine 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6660:Gar Alperovitz 6656: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6630: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6597: 6590: 6585: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6560: 6555: 6548: 6541: 6536: 6529: 6522: 6515: 6509: 6507: 6500: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6400:Third-Worldism 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6228: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6189:Libertarianism 6186: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6169: 6167:Chicago school 6164: 6158: 6156: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6112:Nixon Doctrine 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6056: 6055:Foreign policy 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5989: 5988: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5840:Operation RYAN 5837: 5832: 5827: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5745:Able Archer 83 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5661: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5495:Oromo conflict 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5435:Yom Kippur War 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5218: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5067:Aden Emergency 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5012: 5007: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4985:Papua conflict 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4966: 4965: 4955: 4954: 4953: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4917: 4915: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4890: 4888:Kitchen Debate 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4848:Sputnik crisis 4845: 4840: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4818:Polish October 4815: 4810: 4805: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4718:Pact of Madrid 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4673:Bamboo Curtain 4669: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4472: 4464: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4413: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4322: 4314: 4311: 4310: 4303: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4280: 4271: 4270: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4249:Red Sea crisis 4245: 4238: 4231: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4199: 4192: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4148: 4136: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4079: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3994:Mecca massacre 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3957: 3952: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3830:First Intifada 3827: 3815: 3813:1964 Hama riot 3810: 3808:Aden Emergency 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3783: 3778: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3759: 3753: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3375: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3355: 3354: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3323: 3322: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3301: 3295: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3210: 3198: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3144: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3077:Ottoman Empire 3073: 3072: 3065: 3064: 3057: 3050: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3029: 3009: 3003: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2974: 2954: 2933: 2912: 2897: 2882: 2856: 2840: 2816: 2794: 2771: 2756: 2725: 2706: 2684: 2669: 2658:on 9 June 2011 2637: 2608: 2593: 2571: 2555: 2522: 2509: 2487: 2467: 2438: 2431:(in Turkish). 2414: 2392: 2385: 2379:. p. 92. 2359: 2334: 2306: 2291:(in Turkish). 2268: 2245: 2236: 2215: 2185: 2169: 2155: 2141: 2127: 2098: 2084: 2054: 2036: 2016: 2004: 1997: 1977: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1859: 1858:'Eylül' (1996) 1853: 1847: 1835: 1823: 1814: 1808: 1802: 1793: 1787: 1784:Hasan Mutlucan 1781: 1771: 1768:Fikret Kızılok 1765: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1736: 1728: 1713: 1705: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1675: 1669: 1666:Kar Korsanları 1661: 1646: 1637: 1629:O... Çocukları 1624: 1604: 1584: 1571: 1563:Babam ve Oğlum 1558: 1553:(Documentary, 1545: 1525: 1490: 1470: 1450: 1440:Oğuzhan Tercan 1423: 1403: 1390: 1370: 1343: 1340:Zülfü Livaneli 1330: 1310: 1297: 1284: 1271: 1251: 1229: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1202:September 2019 1170: 1168: 1161: 1155: 1152: 1102: 1099: 1064: 1061: 994: 991: 977: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 910: 907: 904: 901: 894: 891: 888: 885: 882: 877: 874: 865: 862: 845: 842: 809: 806: 754:global economy 725: 722: 709: 706: 620:Fahri Korutürk 604:Nurettin Ersin 590: 587: 561:Maraş massacre 514:, MHP) led by 453:Adalet Partisi 422:Main article: 419: 416: 317: 316: 312: 311: 304: 293: 271: 268: 257: 254: 235: 234: 233: 231: 224: 217: 216: 207: 193:Nurettin Ersin 185: 184: 180: 179: 168: 167: 166: 153: 152: 148: 147: 144: 143: 142: 141: 137:Escalation of 135: 129: 123: 120: 110:Military junta 107: 101: 93: 89: 88: 83: 81: 77: 76: 73: 65: 64: 45: 44: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7165: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7076: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7054:War on terror 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6949:Espionage and 6947: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6900:Andrew Thorpe 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6795:Gabriel Kolko 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6760:Fred Halliday 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6745:Lloyd Gardner 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6705:Norman Davies 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6690:John Costello 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6625:Technological 6623: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6583: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6549: 6547: 6546: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6523: 6521: 6520: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6506:Pro-communist 6504: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6433:Organizations 6431: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6247:Eurocommunism 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6077:Domino theory 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6031:South Ossetia 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5991: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5815:8888 Uprising 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5760:Iran–Iraq War 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5725:Falklands War 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5588:NDF Rebellion 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5568:German Autumn 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5455:Metapolitefsi 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5219: 5217: 5216:Prague Spring 5214: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5194:Al-Wadiah War 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5159:12-3 incident 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5002: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4838: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4738:Domino theory 4736: 4734: 4733:Petrov Affair 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4610:Madiun Affair 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4570:Marshall Plan 4568: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4439: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4321: 4320: 4319:United States 4316: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4296: 4294: 4289: 4287: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4266: 4264: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4204: 4203: 4202:Yemeni crisis 4200: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3949:Iran–Iraq War 3946: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3900:NDF Rebellion 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3632:Alwaziri coup 3630: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3473:United States 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3348: 3346: 3341: 3339: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3320: 3319: 3318:Turkey Portal 3314: 3306: 3299: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244:Alleged plans 3242: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3172:Coup attempts 3170: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3032: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3004:0-7146-5607-0 3000: 2996: 2991: 2990: 2977: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2958: 2943: 2937: 2922: 2916: 2908: 2901: 2893: 2886: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2830: 2823: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2798: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2781: 2775: 2767: 2760: 2745:. 9 July 2015 2744: 2743: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2710: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2692:Today's Zaman 2688: 2681: 2678: 2673: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2651:Today's Zaman 2647: 2641: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2623:Today's Zaman 2619: 2612: 2605: 2604: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2526: 2520:, p. 50) 2519: 2513: 2506: 2501: 2490: 2488:975-494-095-9 2484: 2480: 2479: 2471: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2418: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2388: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2363: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2313: 2311: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2249: 2240: 2234:, p. 50) 2233: 2229: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2212: 2211: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2165: 2159: 2151: 2145: 2137: 2131: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2094: 2088: 2081: 2069: 2068:Star Gazetesi 2065: 2058: 2051: 2039: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2020: 2013: 2008: 2000: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1958: 1954: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1905:Turkey portal 1895: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1842:Censored Inc. 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1645:(Özlem Sulak) 1644: 1643: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1468: 1467:Handan İpekçi 1464: 1461: 1456: 1455:Babam Askerde 1451: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1225: 1216: 1213: 1205: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1171:This section 1169: 1165: 1160: 1159: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1110:Paul B. Henze 1108: 1107:station chief 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1046:toward Europe 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1006: 1002: 1000: 990: 988: 984: 981: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 911: 908: 905: 902: 899: 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 879: 873: 871: 861: 859: 854: 852: 841: 839: 835: 829: 827: 823: 819: 814: 805: 803: 799: 795: 794:public sector 791: 786: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 763: 759: 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 736: 735:neoliberalism 732: 721: 719: 714: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 650: 648: 644: 640: 635: 633: 629: 623: 621: 617: 616:Bülent Ecevit 613: 607: 605: 600: 599:Haydar Saltık 596: 586: 584: 583:Sedat Celasun 580: 576: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 545: 543: 542: 537: 531: 528: 523: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 474: 473:Bülent Ecevit 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 445:Justice Party 441: 439: 435: 431: 425: 415: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 392: 389: 385: 381: 377: 374:between the 373: 369: 364: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 343: 337: 332: 328: 324: 309: 305: 302: 294: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 269: 266: 262: 258: 256: 255: 249: 243: 241: 236:You can help 232: 223: 222: 215: 214:Bülent Ecevit 211: 208: 206: 205:Sedat Celasun 202: 198: 194: 190: 187: 186: 181: 178: 175: 173: 169: 165: 162: 161: 160: 159: 155: 154: 149: 140: 136: 133: 130: 128:of dissidents 127: 124: 121: 119: 115: 111: 108: 106: 102: 99: 96: 95: 94: 91: 90: 86: 82: 79: 78: 74: 71: 70: 66: 59: 58: 51: 46: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 7059:Brinkmanship 6951:intelligence 6840:Marius Oprea 6790:Harvey Klehr 6720:Herbert Feis 6710:Willem Drees 6675:Archie Brown 6592: 6580: 6562: 6552:Trybuna Ludu 6550: 6543: 6539:Radio Moscow 6531: 6524: 6517: 6345:Anti-Zionism 6261: 6184:Keynesianism 6172:Conservatism 6036:Transnistria 6016:China-Taiwan 5699: 5673:Gera Demands 5546: 5347: 5222: 5027:El Porteñazo 4921:Congo Crisis 4836: 4771:Algerian War 4754: 4630:Western Bloc 4625:Eastern Bloc 4620:Iron Curtain 4476: 4468: 4460: 4437: 4417: 4409: 4326:Soviet Union 4324: 4317: 4260: 4247: 4240: 4233: 4207: 4206: 4194: 4187: 4168: 4160: 4159: 4150: 4143: 4098: 4081: 4074: 4042: 4014: 3964: 3954: 3947: 3877: 3817: 3785: 3761: 3655: 3641: 3599:World War II 3597: 3433: 3377: 3309: 3298:E-memorandum 3213:2016 attempt 3201:1971 attempt 3189:1969 attempt 3184:1963 attempt 3179:1962 attempt 3157: 3095:Edirne Event 3018: 2994: 2987:Bibliography 2964: 2957: 2945:. Retrieved 2936: 2924:. Retrieved 2915: 2906: 2900: 2891: 2885: 2873:. Retrieved 2868: 2859: 2854:14 June 2013 2843: 2834: 2827: 2802: 2797: 2792:12 June 2003 2783: 2779: 2774: 2768:. p. 1. 2765: 2759: 2749:12 September 2747:. Retrieved 2740: 2709: 2687: 2672: 2662:12 September 2660:. Retrieved 2656:the original 2649: 2640: 2631: 2628:the original 2621: 2611: 2601: 2596: 2590: 2574: 2558: 2549: 2546:the original 2535: 2525: 2512: 2499: 2492:. Retrieved 2477: 2470: 2461: 2458:the original 2451: 2441: 2426: 2417: 2404: 2395: 2372: 2362: 2354:the original 2347: 2337: 2329:the original 2322: 2300: 2297:the original 2292: 2288: 2263:the original 2258: 2248: 2239: 2225: 2208: 2158: 2144: 2130: 2114: 2087: 2079: 2072:. Retrieved 2070:(in Turkish) 2067: 2057: 2048: 2041:. Retrieved 2026: 2019: 2007: 1987: 1980: 1971: 1967: 1957: 1866:Yavuz Bingöl 1821:Bir İt Vardı 1790:Mor ve Ötesi 1739: 1731: 1716: 1708: 1693: 1678: 1672: 1664: 1651:Bizim Hikaye 1649: 1642:September 12 1640: 1627: 1607: 1587: 1574: 1561: 1548: 1528: 1507:İsmail Güneş 1493: 1473: 1453: 1426: 1406: 1400:Tunç Başaran 1393: 1373: 1360:Melih Gülgen 1346: 1333: 1320:Muammer Özer 1313: 1300: 1287: 1274: 1254: 1234: 1223: 1208: 1199: 1184:Please help 1172: 1148: 1136: 1132:urban legend 1126: 1113: 1104: 1089:and General 1084: 1073:Sacit Kayasu 1066: 1053:police force 1050: 1039: 1031:Mesut Yılmaz 1025: 1014: 1010:Bülend Ulusu 1007: 1003: 996: 986: 979: 978: 867: 855: 851:constitution 847: 844:Constitution 830: 815: 811: 802:devaluations 798:deflationist 787: 761: 758:big business 751: 747:Central Bank 727: 715: 711: 683: 674:Constitution 651: 636: 624: 608: 592: 565: 549:Devrimci Yol 546: 539: 532: 524: 520: 477: 442: 427: 393: 365: 322: 320: 283:edit summary 274: 247:(April 2024) 245: 237: 170: 156: 151:Belligerents 55: 40:Part of the 29: 6885:Shen Zhihua 6695:Michael Cox 6627:competition 6574:Pro-Western 6564:Soviet Life 6490:Safari Club 6460:Warsaw Pact 6315:Nationalism 6305:Imperialism 6204:Reaganomics 6067:Containment 5860:Perestroika 5349:Realpolitik 5179:Six-Day War 5164:Greek junta 4975:Berlin Wall 4823:Suez Crisis 4791:Vietnam War 4678:McCarthyism 4493:Baruch Plan 4438:Unthinkable 4398:Dekemvriana 4337:Warsaw Pact 4263:World War I 3721:Suez Crisis 3668:Suez Crisis 3397:Arab Revolt 3379:World War I 3294:(1957–1958) 3288: [ 3223:media purge 3204: [ 3192: [ 2742:Daily Sabah 2227:Searchlight 2012:Ganser 2005 1721: [ 1698: [ 1654: [ 1612: [ 1609:Zincirbozan 1597: [ 1576:Beynelmilel 1568:Çağan Irmak 1542:Atıf Yılmaz 1533: [ 1510: [ 1498: [ 1478: [ 1458: [ 1443: [ 1431: [ 1420:Atıf Yılmaz 1411: [ 1378: [ 1363: [ 1351: [ 1323: [ 1307:Erden Kıral 1281:Sinan Çetin 1268:Zeki Alasya 1259: [ 1256:Dikenli Yol 1248:Şerif Gören 1239: [ 1116:journalist 1087:Kenan Evren 1076: [ 1017:Turgut Özal 870:Sunni Islam 790:froze wages 771:Atatürk Dam 731:Turgut Özal 694:Kenan Evren 666:martial law 595:Kenan Evren 568:Nuri Gündeş 555:, the 1978 541:Searchlight 536:Grey Wolves 434:bourgeoisie 384:Grey Wolves 366:During the 349:coup d'état 201:Nejat Tümer 189:Kenan Evren 114:martial law 112:rule under 103:End to the 7107:Categories 6653:Historians 6644:Space Race 6545:Rudé právo 6499:Propaganda 6355:Neo-Nazism 6325:Chauvinism 6279:Trotskyism 6194:Monetarism 6162:Liberalism 6154:Capitalism 6146:Ideologies 6097:Ostpolitik 5820:Solidarity 5785:Toyota War 5688:Solidarity 5545:Operation 5500:Ogaden War 5189:Dhofar War 5077:Shifta War 4835:Operation 4683:Korean War 4475:Operation 4467:Operation 4459:Operation 4436:Operation 4416:Operation 4408:Operation 2074:21 October 1949:References 1850:Sezen Aksu 1778:Erdal Eren 1774:Grup Yorum 1754:Cem Karaca 1294:Zeki Ökten 1154:In culture 1095:Haydarpaşa 1067:After the 985:(Turkish: 900:militant). 826:Mehmetçiks 818:Erdal Eren 718:1st of May 670:Parliament 242:in Turkish 100:overthrown 6940:Ken Young 6785:Tony Judt 6634:Arms race 6607:Red Scare 6475:NN States 6420:Apartheid 6375:Autocracy 6284:Stalinism 6252:Guevarism 6242:Castroism 6232:Communism 6224:Socialism 5750:Star Wars 5343:Koza riot 4469:Beleaguer 4461:Masterdom 3158:1980 coup 3148:1960 coup 3130:1913 coup 3125:1912 coup 3110:1876 coup 3085:1512 coup 2875:29 August 2829:anlatıyor 1817:Ozan Arif 1811:Ozan Arif 1805:Ozan Arif 1796:Ozan Arif 1733:Seksenler 1621:Atıl İnaç 1594:Ömer Uğur 1387:Memduh Ün 1173:does not 1042:Gaziantep 993:Aftermath 864:Education 858:President 808:Tribunals 756:," which 455:) leader 380:far-right 357:1960 coup 301:talk page 7092:Timeline 7082:Category 7027:See also 6519:Izvestia 6360:Islamism 6257:Hoxhaism 6132:Rollback 6011:Abkhazia 5951:Gulf War 5855:Glasnost 5225:incident 4995:Sand War 4853:Ifni War 4362:Rio Pact 4307:Cold War 4076:Iraq War 2852:Hürriyet 2812:Hürriyet 2717:Archived 2698:Archived 2677:BBC News 2583:Archived 2542:Hürriyet 2428:Hürriyet 2409:Archived 2125:, pg. 1. 1891:See also 1880:, '1980' 1760:(2006), 1756:(1992), 1677:2019 – 1475:80. Adım 1123:CNN Türk 989:– TBMM) 773:and the 678:Kemalist 388:Islamist 376:far-left 368:Cold War 359:and the 277:provide 80:Location 57:Hürriyet 42:Cold War 6582:Amerika 6465:Comecon 6350:Fascism 6340:Zionism 6289:Titoism 5830:Contras 5298:Détente 4575:Comecon 3468:Revolts 3270:(2010s) 2551:Turkes. 2453:Radikal 2289:Aksiyon 2043:10 June 1738:2010 – 1730:2012 – 1715:2009 – 1707:2007 – 1692:2004 – 1671:2015 – 1663:2015 – 1648:2015 – 1639:2010 – 1626:2008 – 1606:2007 – 1586:2006 – 1573:2006 – 1560:2005 – 1547:2000 – 1527:1999 – 1492:1998 – 1472:1995 – 1452:1994 – 1428:Uzlaşma 1425:1991 – 1405:1990 – 1392:1989 – 1372:1989 – 1345:1988 – 1332:1988 – 1312:1987 – 1299:1987 – 1286:1986 – 1276:Prenses 1273:1986 – 1253:1986 – 1233:1986 – 1194:removed 1179:sources 980:Source: 838:weapons 822:traitor 724:Economy 708:Effects 698:Turkish 658:Turkish 643:Turkish 628:Turkish 575:Turkish 570:of the 508:Turkish 492:Turkish 486:), the 480:Turkish 465:Turkish 449:Turkish 418:Prelude 386:), the 351:in the 338: 327:Turkish 299:to the 281:in the 244:. 6533:Pravda 6335:Racism 6274:Maoism 6026:Kosovo 5547:Condor 5223:Pueblo 5209:May 68 4837:Gladio 4755:Tuapse 4418:Jungle 4410:Priboi 3300:(2007) 3264:(2009) 3258:(2004) 3218:purges 3027: 3001: 2972: 2947:20 May 2926:20 May 2804:verdi. 2494:5 July 2485: 2383: 2121: 2034: 1995: 1862:Teoman 1845:Listen 1833:Listen 1348:Kimlik 1228:Movies 1143:Ankara 1127:Manşet 876:Result 378:, the 134:banned 116:until 92:Result 85:Turkey 7018:Stasi 6485:SAARC 6480:ASEAN 6445:SEATO 6298:Other 6263:Juche 6021:Korea 5934:1990s 5647:1980s 5291:1970s 4914:1960s 4666:1950s 4376:1940s 4357:NEATO 4352:SEATO 4342:ANZUS 4222:2020s 4127:2010s 4068:2000s 4008:1990s 3941:1980s 3851:1970s 3750:1960s 3694:1950s 3591:1940s 3535:1930s 3489:1920s 3366:1910s 3292:] 3208:] 3196:] 2831:." – 2790:Zaman 2782:.” – 2633:time. 2349:Taraf 2324:Taraf 2259:Sabah 2050:coup. 1884:Kramp 1856:Suavi 1838:Sexen 1826:Sexen 1762:Ayben 1758:maNga 1748:Music 1725:] 1702:] 1673:Kafes 1658:] 1616:] 1601:] 1537:] 1522:] 1502:] 1482:] 1462:] 1447:] 1435:] 1415:] 1382:] 1367:] 1355:] 1327:] 1263:] 1243:] 1080:] 898:ASALA 686:UTC+3 261:DeepL 61:' 6558:TASS 6450:METO 6440:NATO 5666:and 5664:1980 5221:USS 4347:METO 4332:NATO 3251:1993 3025:ISBN 2999:ISBN 2970:ISBN 2949:2018 2928:2018 2877:2022 2806:" – 2751:2020 2664:2011 2496:2008 2483:ISBN 2433:ANKA 2381:ISBN 2119:ISBN 2076:2008 2045:2010 2032:ISBN 1993:ISBN 1974:(1). 1864:and 1177:any 1175:cite 1137:The 796:, a 614:and 589:Coup 525:The 336:lit. 321:The 275:must 273:You 72:Date 7013:KGB 7008:MVD 6993:MI6 6988:MI5 6983:CIA 6455:EEC 2505:Muş 2293:717 1335:Sis 1289:Ses 1188:by 1125:'s 1019:'s 704:). 634:). 518:. 471:), 363:. 263:or 7109:: 3290:tr 3206:tr 3194:tr 2867:. 2850:– 2819:^ 2810:– 2739:. 2728:^ 2648:. 2620:. 2589:” 2540:. 2534:. 2498:. 2450:. 2425:. 2403:. 2375:. 2371:. 2346:. 2321:. 2309:^ 2287:. 2271:^ 2257:. 2218:^ 2188:^ 2172:^ 2113:, 2101:^ 2078:. 2066:. 2047:. 1970:. 1966:. 1840:, 1828:, 1819:, 1798:, 1723:tr 1700:tr 1656:tr 1614:tr 1599:tr 1535:tr 1520:tr 1518:; 1516:ru 1514:; 1512:hy 1500:tr 1480:tr 1460:tr 1445:tr 1433:tr 1413:tr 1380:tr 1365:tr 1353:tr 1325:tr 1261:tr 1241:tr 1134:. 1078:tr 872:. 804:. 700:: 660:: 645:: 630:: 577:: 510:: 494:: 482:: 475:. 467:: 451:: 333:, 329:: 5826:) 5822:( 4831:" 4827:" 4804:" 4800:" 4299:e 4292:t 4285:v 3351:e 3344:t 3337:v 3061:e 3054:t 3047:v 3033:. 3007:. 2978:. 2951:. 2930:. 2879:. 2833:" 2826:" 2801:" 2778:“ 2753:. 2666:. 2516:( 2507:) 2389:. 2152:. 2138:. 2001:. 1972:9 1780:) 1636:) 1632:( 1623:) 1619:( 1603:) 1592:( 1583:) 1579:( 1570:) 1566:( 1557:) 1544:) 1540:( 1524:) 1505:( 1489:) 1485:( 1469:) 1465:( 1449:) 1438:( 1422:) 1418:( 1402:) 1398:( 1389:) 1385:( 1369:) 1358:( 1342:) 1338:( 1329:) 1318:( 1309:) 1305:( 1296:) 1292:( 1283:) 1279:( 1270:) 1266:( 1250:) 1246:( 1215:) 1209:( 1204:) 1200:( 1196:. 1182:. 656:( 626:( 610:( 506:( 490:( 463:( 447:( 382:( 325:( 310:. 303:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.