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355:(EWS) in February 1996. Following the opening of the new London hub on 30 September 1996, British rail mail operations were drastically restructured; only dedicated mail trains were operated after this date while TPOs were no longer based at any main line stations, as it had been decided to centrally base all London TPOs at the hub instead. Accordingly, the final TPO services departed King's Cross, Euston, Liverpool Street and Paddington stations on 27 September 1996.
248:
525:
99:
operating such services. Accordingly, the night of the 9/10 January 2004 saw the final TPO services run in Great
Britain, with the carriages themselves used then sold for scrap or to preservation societies. The final load of mail to be loaded aboard a travelling post office was the consignment by air from Scotland via Bristol airport, put aboard the TPO at Yatton Station, Somerset in the early hours of 10th January 2004.
429:
153:, a surveyor employed by the GPO, with the concept. On 6 January 1838, Kastadt proposed a trial of a 'travelling office', of which the first run was conducted just weeks later. The advantage of this innovation was that time could be saved by sorting mail while it was being transported, rather than separately sorting it either beforehand or afterwards and thus taking more time to do so. This initial TPO was a converted
138:; however, this act did not stipulate what was to be charged for such services. In addition to making it mandatory for railway companies to carry mail, the act also required the provision of carriages fitted for sorting it as required; to handle this new obligation, these companies quickly developed specialised rolling stock for the task.
358:
The restructuring of services, intended to enable the faster delivery of mail to distant destinations, necessitated the streamlining of both mail pick-ups and drop-offs, a policy which resulted in many intermediate locations seeing the permanent withdrawal of coverage by TPOs. Instead, mail was to be
203:
of normal passenger services. That same year, the first dedicated Mail
Special was conducted. Early on, the TPOs were relatively barebones in terms of their onboard facilities. Internal space was limited and prioritised for the principal purpose of sorting mail, thus measures to enhance staff comfort
359:
transported by road to the 45 stations that would be served by the remaining TPO services. Despite this, the increasing efficiency of mechanical sorting in comparison to the hand sorting methods used onboard TPOs meant that the latter was becoming increasingly uneconomic regardless of these changes.
243:
in 1838 by
Nathaniel Worsdell, first deputy mayor of Crewe, and carriage and wagon superintendent at Crewe Works. Use of the system became prevalent over the following decades, it became commonplace for TPO carriages to be fitted with several for handling automated mail pickups/dropoffs, sometimes
79:
obliged railway companies to carry mail, and thus specialised rolling stock was quickly provided; the first true TPO emerged that same year. Further innovations followed, such as the development of lineside apparatus for picking up and setting down mailbags while underway, and the use of dedicated
392:
during
October 2000, which led to numerous restrictions being imposed upon TPOs, including new speed limitations and numerous cancellations across many routes. There were also rising concerns over wellbeing of workers within TPOs, as there was little consideration towards crashworthiness or the
274:(BR) in the late 1940s, TPOs continued to be operated by this new state-owned company. However, it was during the BR era that the transportation of mail by rail acquired a negative reputation for unreliability due to services frequently experiencing delays, typically resulting in late arrivals.
420:. For flexibility, Royal Mail had preserved rail access to its distribution centres on Tyneside (Low Fell) and at Tonbridge in Kent, and did occasionally send mail trains to Low Fell, for example when Newcastle Airport was closed by snow. In June 2013, a regular service resumed from Low Fell.
98:
to replace locomotive-hauled counterparts in handling parcels. However, wider economic factors, including increasingly effective mechanical sorting methods in comparison to the TPO's manual sorting by hand, along with operational safety concerns, made it increasingly unattractive to continue
396:
Amid these various factors, during 2003, it was announced that Royal Mail had decided to suspend all transportation of mail by rail. The discontinuation of TPOs reportedly saved RM £10m per year, while the contract to operate them reportedly equated to 10 per cent of EWS’ overall business,
123:(GPO) to move their mail upon L&MR services. It quickly became apparent that the railways were providing a much faster method of conveying letters across the country than traditional horse-drawn coaches. Accordingly, the carriage of mail by train in
448:
The carrying of mail by train commenced on 6 April 1835 and early TPOs began on Irish trains on the Dublin to Cork line on 1 January 1855, though general post-carrying vehicles had been around since the early days of the
204:
was typically more of an afterthought. Initially, toilets were not even provided, although this position was reportedly reversed after the accidental death of a postal worker while relieving himself at the rear of a TPO.
216:
along with various third party countries. TPOs were usually equipped with letter boxes, enabling people in stations to post mail whilst the train was stationary. The post-marks from TPOs are valued by
87:(RES) was formed during the 1980s to rejuvenate the market, streamlining and centralising rail mail services, resulting in TPO coverage decreasing over the following years. During the 1990s, the
311:
Seeking to rejuvenate rail mail, RES devised a £150 million strategy that focused on long-distance services that worked in conjunction with a central hub based in London at its heart, known as
127:
became a routine event within a matter of years. Initially, the movement of mail was at the choice of individual railway companies, being able to accept or refuse to do so at their discretion.
281:, there were 49 mail trains in service, with between one and five TPOs being typically attached to passenger trains, while complete TPO trains were routinely being operated between London and
480:
in Dublin. The movement of post by rail in
Ireland ended in 1994 with the last day mails on 14 January and the final operational night mails on 17 January on both the Cork and Galway routes.
393:
wellbeing of the occupants in the event of a major accident. Furthermore, RM had increasingly decided to make use of other means of transporting mail, including aircraft and road vehicles.
297:
80:
mail trains. By 1914, there were 126 TPO carriages in operation throughout the United
Kingdom, while numerous other nations had adopted the concept, wholly or in part, as well.
1250:
1007:
400:
However, Royal Mail did restore the movement of some already-sorted letters by rail in time for the
Christmas season that year, contracting with EWS's competitor
397:
representing a major loss to the company. The last TPO services went out on the night of 9 January 2004, marking the end of sorting of mail on trains in
Britain.
134:
substantially reshaped the rail mail market. Chiefly, it required all railway companies to carry mail, either by ordinary or special trains, as required by the
1334:
296:
During the 1980s, BR planners endeavoured to rejuvenate numerous aspects of its operations and to better fulfil customer demands. Under the policy of
150:
304:(RES). This reorganisation under its own management team led to a new focus of its operations on the specific needs of its primary customer, the
416:
electric multiple units that had been in operation since 1996. In 2009, the contract for these mail trains was transferred to EWS's successor
1241:
227:
A TPO, circa 1890, showing the equipment used for transferring the mail bags to and from the train whilst it was travelling at full speed
315:. During late 1993, RED and RM had signed a 13-year deal with RES to operate the trains from this new hub, also referred to as the
293:. Although there were in excess of 40 TPOs running at this time, item transfers were only carried out at stations after this date.
135:
289:. The final mail drop from a moving train using automatic apparatus was carried out on 4 October 1971 at a location just north of
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644:
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71:
The TPO can be traced back to the earlier days of the railway, the first ever postal movement by rail being performed by the
503:. At these preserved lines the TPOs can be seen performing a live drop off/pick up from a preserved lineside apparatus. The
483:
Two of the 1958-built TPOs survived into preservation- 2977 of the Cork Mails and 2978 of the Galway Mails. Both are at the
263:. They were only referred to as TPOs for the first time in 1928, prior to this, the common term for mail carriages had been
484:
437:
24:
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988:
858:
778:
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Several Royal Mail TPOs have been preserved along with stowage vans and general utility vans (GUVs). Only one PCV (
116:
72:
212:
While rail mail had emerged in
Britain, the country was quickly followed by many of the member nations within the
102:
After a hiatus, some mail and parcels traffic has now returned to rail - carried in bulk and not sorted en-route.
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1319:
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are leading this endeavour with many weekends devoted to Mail by Rail. Other lines are following in their wake.
815:
807:
550:
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348:
680:- where visitors can ride the TPOs and get off at a remote exchange point to watch the mail pickup/drop off.
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During the latter part of the twentieth century, rail mail was subject to various changes. In
Britain,
19:
This article is about the British and Irish mail train. For the equivalent term in North America, see
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469:
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468:. Some time before their withdrawal it had been decided that two would be dedicated to use on the
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During 1866, apparatus for picking up and setting down mailbags without stopping was installed at
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electric multiple units, which were designed specifically for the transport of pre-sorted mail.
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in the mid 1990s, all British TPOs were acquired along with RES by the privately owned company
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457:
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352:
181:
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1104:
The Last Waltz: Dublin to Cork Mailtrain (Travelling Post Office) January 1855-January 1994
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40:. Visible to the right of the Royal Mail logo is the letter box, for first class post only.
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300:, the TPOS and all rail mail operations were consolidated into their own business unit,
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A 1895 cover postmarked on the London & Holyhead TPO to be placed on board ship at
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674:- that Royal Mail used to transport mail across London on private underground tracks.
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978:
889:
Poole, L.G. (June 1969). "The Travelling Post Offices of Victoria: 1865 - 1912".
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165:
966:. Vol. 32, no. 379. Shepperton: Ian Allan. December 1971. p. 514.
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381:
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980:
Off the rails: Britain's great rail crisis : cause, consequences and cure
32:
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629:- where the Travelling Post Office and Mail Exchange on the Move is recreated
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61:
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115:
On 11 November 1830, the first ever postal movement by rail was made by the
1251:
The British Postal Museum & Archive - Victorian Travelling Post Office.
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825:
366:
271:
1291:
TPO and Seapost Society for all collectors of Rail and Ship Mail worldwide
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between its mail terminals at London (Willesden), Warrington and Glasgow (
217:
453:. By 1910, a total of 13 TPOs were in operation throughout the country.
1257:
638:
305:
236:
199:
Prior to 1885, it was common practice for TPO carriages to be added to
88:
767:
The Oxford Companion to British Railway History From 1603 to the 1990s
635:- in which £2.3 million was stolen from a Glasgow to London TPO train
609:
373:
154:
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Following the nationalisation of the railways and the formation of
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By 1914, there were 126 TPO carriages in operation throughout the
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1286:
Schedule of mail trains operating from London (Willesden) in 2002
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A further factor that negatively impacted TPO operations was the
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161:. Karstadt's son was one of two mail clerks who did the sorting.
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open day on 27 July 2003. This type of vehicle, based on the
169:
252:
57:
332:
585:
TPOs were formed of several different types of vehicle:
91:, Britain's main customer for TPOs, ordered 16 four-car
1214:. No. 1. Peterborough: EMAP Apex. pp. 54–59.
487:, who own 2978, whilst 2977 is still owned by An Post.
380:
coach, was the final design of TPO vehicle used in the
244:
being furnished with four separate arms per carriage.
192:; the inaugural train ran on 1 February 1855, leaving
1110:(Documentary). Ireland: Emdee in association with RTÉ
1049:. British Postal Museum & Archive. Archived from
342:
180:. The first special postal train was operated by the
1306:, an account of Travelling Post Offices in the 1930s
1160:. Nene Valley Railway Museum and Educational Charity
119:(L&MR), which had come to an agreement with the
1029:"Send of the line - last journey by mail trains".
799:
16:Railway vehicles for sorting and transporting mail
149:(TPO) carriage emerged during 1838, and credited
1311:
1101:John O'Donnell (writer & director) (1994).
1266:, Mike Smith 'Goods and Not So Goods' website.
1189:. EMAP National Publications. pp. 41–45.
983:. Verso. "Companies in trouble", pp. 124–129.
892:Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin
764:
1210:Leigh, Chris (Autumn 1997). "Mail by rail".
1183:Cooper, Basil (July 1983). "The TPO story".
908:
906:
904:
902:
656:term for cars that served similar functions.
641:- Film and poem about Travelling Post Office
196:at 20:46, and arriving at Bristol at 00:30.
1335:Postal infrastructure in the United Kingdom
553:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
404:to resume bulk transfer services along the
1296:Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1 March 1935),
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573:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:decided to extend their TPO services via
662:- French Post Office dedicated TGV sets.
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255:, in Cork, per the manuscript annotation
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31:
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645:Railways (Conveyance of Mails) Act 1838
132:Railways (Conveyance of Mails) Act 1838
77:Railways (Conveyance of Mails) Act 1838
1312:
1182:
1065:
997:
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765:Simmons, Jack; Biddle, Gordon (1997).
746:
691:
1272:, John Chenery 'Light Straw' website.
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888:
794:
760:
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353:English, Welsh & Scottish Railway
23:. For the Queensland equivalent, see
1087:
747:Foster, Stefanie (5 February 2014).
551:adding citations to reliable sources
518:
476:Mail, both of which originated from
75:(L&MR) on 11 November 1830. The
68:where the post was sorted en route.
802:The American Railroad Passenger Car
485:Downpatrick and County Down Railway
438:Downpatrick and County Down Railway
13:
1176:
1022:
1010:(Press release). House of Commons
842:The British Travelling Post Office
755:
668:- Royal Mail EMUs used in Britain.
462:Department of Posts and Telegraphs
442:Department of Posts and Telegraphs
343:Post-privatisation of British Rail
321:Princess Royal Distribution Centre
157:and was initially operated on the
25:Travelling Post Office, Queensland
14:
1356:
1246:British Postal Museum and Archive
1235:
1008:"Written statement by Royal Mail"
914:"End of the line for mail trains"
440:. Note the P⁊T logo of the Irish
141:According to industry periodical
1014:. September 2003. Archived from
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117:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
73:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
1264:Parcels and Post Office Traffic
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331:. Furthermore, RM commissioned
955:
930:. September 1963. p. 661.
920:
882:
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808:Johns Hopkins University Press
788:
436:travelling post office at the
239:. This concept had first been
1:
876:Derby and the Midland Railway
684:
600:Brake Post Office stowage van
349:privatisation of British Rail
1302:Railway Wonders of the World
1276:Friends of M30272M TPO Group
1047:"What happened to the TPOs?"
916:. BBC Cumbria. January 2004.
499:) remains, currently at the
451:Dublin and Kingstown Railway
7:
773:: Oxford University Press.
627:Great Central Steam Railway
620:
460:built four modern TPOs for
335:to manufacture 16 four-car
10:
1361:
1242:The Travelling Post Office
1075:"Travelling Post Office".
1012:Transport Select Committee
672:London Post Office Railway
633:Great Train Robbery (1963)
605:Propelling control vehicle
497:Propelling Control Vehicle
423:
317:London Distribution Centre
110:
105:
18:
1298:"Travelling Post Offices"
277:By 1963, the year of the
176:; and soon after reached
372:NSA 80390 on display at
1258:Travelling Post Offices
1158:"The Night Mail Museum"
977:Murray, Andrew (2001).
878:. Derby: Breedon Books.
839:Johnson, Peter (1985).
595:Post Office stowage van
590:Post Office sorting van
96:electric multiple units
1330:Philatelic terminology
1320:British railway wagons
749:"Mail by rail - still"
666:British Rail Class 325
445:
412:) using the dedicated
385:
337:British Rail Class 325
256:
228:
159:Grand Junction Railway
147:Travelling Post Office
93:British Rail Class 325
54:Travelling Post Office
49:
41:
962:"News of the Month".
505:Great Central Railway
458:Coras Iompair Eireann
431:
365:
250:
226:
208:Expansion and decline
182:Great Western Railway
47:
35:
1260:, Allan Yeo website.
847:Ian Allan Publishing
547:improve this section
472:Mail and two to the
406:West Coast Main Line
302:Rail Express Systems
265:Railway Post Offices
214:British Commonwealth
85:Rail Express Systems
56:(TPO) was a type of
38:Colne Valley Railway
1280:Nene Valley Railway
895:. pp. 127–139.
874:Billson, P (1996).
751:. railmagazine.com.
678:Nene Valley Railway
650:Railway post office
615:General utility van
509:Nene Valley Railway
501:Mid-Norfolk Railway
390:Hatfield rail crash
378:British Rail Mark 1
279:Great Train Robbery
174:Newcastle upon Tyne
130:The passing of the
121:General Post Office
21:railway post office
1304:, pp. 157–162
1144:"An Post TPO 2978"
1130:"An Post TPO 2977"
1035:. 10 January 2004.
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194:Paddington station
136:Postmaster General
50:
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1282:(via archive.org)
943:Missing or empty
806:. Baltimore, MD:
660:SNCF TGV La Poste
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1018:on 29 June 2011.
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1314:Categories
1212:Model Rail
1164:6 December
1077:Stop Press
849:. p.
845:. Surrey:
817:0801819652
685:References
639:Night Mail
410:Sheildmuir
306:Royal Mail
253:Queenstown
237:Maidenhead
89:Royal Mail
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985:ISBN
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