31:
98:
330:'s forces, an independent military force within the army, Soái, along with other Hòa Hảo generals, declared war on Saigon government in late May 1955, furious that they were not granted enough privileges. They knew that a direct confrontation with the VNA would be catastrophic, so they burned down to their bases and dispersed their army of 16,000 men into the jungle to operate as guerrillas. The
285:, and devoted his significant energies to advancing through the ranks of the sect. His third wife, Le thi Gam, took over his financial interests as well as management of his bus firm. He became the sect's leading military leader during
304:, and Sổ's younger brother, but with their antiquated weapons, the Hòa Hảo were defeated and Sổ's men were massacred by the Việt Minh-controlled Advanced Guard Youth, who were reportedly aided by a nearby
319:, desired to relinquish the Hòa Hảo autonomy. Diệm demanded that Soái hand over control of his administrative region to the Saigon government. Soái refused this, and Diệm dispatched the
269:
and Cần Thơ. During this period, Soai was the leader of his own gang of bus drivers. In a struggle with a rival gang boss in 1940, he was seriously injured and had to give up his job.
323:(VNA) to the region and threatened to level Soái's headquarters if the Hòa Hảo forces resisted. Nevertheless, the Diệm government paid $ 3 million for Soái's loyalty.
265:, then as a ticket collector for a bus company, and finally as a bus driver. He eventually moved up to become the owner of a bus service that operated between
308:
garrison. The slaughter was characterized by its savagery. After Sổ's death, Soái assumed the title of commander in chief of the Hòa Hảo armed forces.
300:
garrison at the port city of Cần Thơ, which the Hòa Hảo considered the rightful capital of their domain. They were led by Soái, his eldest son,
854:
849:
700:
864:
814:
776:
628:
720:
The
Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans: Nationalism and Communism in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam
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into peasantry, he initially worked as a bus driver and became a gang leader. He converted to Hòa Hảo during
859:
788:
The Twenty-five Year
Century: A South Vietnamese General Remembers the Indochina War to the Fall of Saigon
350:, was arrested and beheaded in front of the public after being convicted of a series of murders in court.
339:
338:, went on an offensive on 5 June and by mid-June, the army crushed Soái's forces near the
739:
America's
Miracle Man in Vietnam: Ngo Dinh Diem, Religion, Race, and U.S. Intervention in Southeast Asia
292:
On 7–9 September 1945, a band of 15,000 Hoahaoists armed with hand-to-hand weapons, and aided by the
320:
208:, and then quickly rose to prominence as the sect's leading military leader. He fought against the
844:
282:
305:
261:. He began his career as an uneducated peasant, working as a mechanic on ships that sailed the
335:
293:
839:
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30:
8:
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674:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf for the Center of International Studies, Prince University.
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did not discourage Diệm from fighting back this time. The VNA, led by the
General
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Currey, Cech B. (2011) . "Dewey, Albert Peter". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.).
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641:(September 1955). "The Political-Religious Sects of Viet-Nam".
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general and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the
353:
He resigned in 1956, and died in Saigon on 9 February 1961.
551:
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623:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
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346:. Two other generals surrendered and another general,
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The Two Viet-Nams: A Political and
Military Analysis
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621:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946)
691:Millenarianism and Peasant Politics in Vietnam
769:Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965
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741:(Second ed.). Duke University Press.
29:
669:
468:
220:. His forces then struggled against the
311:During the 1950s, the new authority in
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855:Military personnel of the Vietnam War
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790:. University of North Texas Press.
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381:
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672:Vietnam, The Origins of Revolution
277:Around this time, he converted to
14:
876:
850:People of the First Indochina War
604:. New York: Praeger Publishers.
96:
807:Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War
771:. Cambridge University Press.
670:T. Jr McAlister, John (1969).
342:, forcing him to retreat into
240:
1:
809:(Second ed.). ABC-Clio.
356:
326:As the VNA wiped out most of
722:. Indiana University Press.
695:. Harvard University Press.
249:in 1889. He then settled in
216:during World War II and the
163:; 1889–1961), also known as
7:
10:
881:
865:Vietnamese anti-communists
718:Dommen, Arthur J. (2001).
589:
272:
245:Trần Văn Soái was born in
16:Vietnamese military leader
228:in the 1950s, during the
132:
124:
116:
108:
91:
71:
55:
47:
37:
28:
21:
687:Tai, Hue-Tam Ho (1983).
321:Vietnamese National Army
41:
786:Thi Lâm, Quang (2001).
619:G. Marr, David (2013).
235:
169:
160:
737:Jacobs, Seth (2004).
109:Years of service
128:Hòa Hảo armed forces
860:Vietnamese generals
426:, pp. 151–153.
399:, pp. 120–121.
218:First Indochina War
141:First Indochina War
120:Lieutenant General
702:978-0-674-43369-4
582:, pp. 64–65.
558:, pp. 53–54.
150:
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79:(aged 71–72)
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340:Cambodian border
302:Lâm Thành Nguyên
259:Southern Vietnam
257:, a province in
222:South Vietnamese
202:Southern Vietnam
188:
185:
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176:
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101:
100:
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78:
75:February 9, 1961
66:French Indochina
33:
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816:978-1851099603
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778:978-0521757638
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649:(3): 235–253.
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630:978-0520274150
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584:
572:
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545:
533:
521:
509:
507:, p. 194.
497:
495:, p. 194.
485:
483:, p. 139.
473:
469:McAlister 1969
458:
456:, p. 246.
443:
441:, p. 409.
428:
413:
411:, p. 130.
401:
386:
384:, p. 120.
374:
372:, p. 121.
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263:Bassac River
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206:World War II
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137:World War II
133:Battles/wars
77:(1961-02-09)
840:1961 deaths
835:1889 births
765:Moyar, Mark
541:Currey 2011
505:Jacobs 2004
493:Dommen 2001
294:Trotskyists
241:Early years
230:Vietnam War
145:Vietnam War
48:Nickname(s)
38:Native name
829:Categories
797:1574411438
748:0822334291
729:0253338549
611:0999141791
580:Moyar 2009
556:Moyar 2009
529:Moyar 2009
517:Moyar 2009
357:References
328:Bình Xuyên
247:Long Xuyên
191:Vietnamese
184:Five Fires
157:Vietnamese
92:Allegiance
62:Long Xuyên
757:2692-0514
711:900822076
454:Fall 1955
439:Marr 2013
424:Fall 1963
332:Americans
315:, led by
298:Việt Minh
214:Viet Minh
189:), was a
112:1940–1956
767:(2009).
680:69010690
600:(1963).
568:Lâm 2001
481:Tai 1983
409:Tai 1983
397:Tai 1983
382:Tai 1983
370:Tai 1983
344:Cambodia
306:Japanese
210:Japanese
200:Born in
125:Commands
845:Hòa Hảo
663:3035404
590:Sources
279:Hòa Hảo
273:Hòa Hảo
255:Cần Thơ
251:Cái Vồn
224:leader
195:Hòa Hảo
178:
170:Năm Lưa
165:Nam Lua
103:Hòa Hảo
51:Nam Lua
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348:Ba Cụt
313:Saigon
267:Trà Ôn
82:Saigon
659:JSTOR
811:ISBN
792:ISBN
773:ISBN
753:ISSN
743:ISBN
724:ISBN
707:OCLC
697:ISBN
676:LCCN
625:ISBN
606:ISBN
236:Life
212:and
175:lit.
117:Rank
72:Died
59:1889
56:Born
651:doi
253:of
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