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448:. As of 2021 there is debate about what to do with the site next. The owners of the quarry would like to fill the quarry and restore the vegetation, arguing that this would make the perimeter of the volcano safer and allow a walking track to be built around it (which is part of the Tower Hill master plan), but geologists say that the wall of the quarry is very important for scientific analysis and understanding of the geology of the area and volcanoes in general, which is evolving all the time.
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of
Victoria". The main crater is 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) by 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi). Within the steep-walled tuff ring is a crater with a depth of over 90 metres (300 ft). Because of the complex nature of its formation and structure, and as one of the largest maars in the world, it is
387:, before hitting a layer of water-bearing rock, which led to huge explosions. A shallow crater was left, later becoming a lake after it filled with rainwater. Subsequent to this, later eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater-lake, pushing up islands and cone-shaped hills, known as
191:. The Tower Hill crater is roughly 3 kilometres (2 mi) wide and 80 metres (260 ft) high, with a gradient of between 10% and 80% at the higher points. Within the crater, a series of later volcanic explosions formed a number of
868:
636:
Matchan, Erin L.; Phillips, David; Jourdan, Fred; Oostingh, Korien (2020). "Early human occupation of southeastern
Australia: New insights from 40Ar/39Ar dating of young volcanoes".
316:
sailed east along the southern coast of
Australia and, on 20 April 1802, referred in the ship's log to "Peaked Hill Position uncertain", which may refer to Tower Hill.
291:
and Tower Hill volcanoes erupted at least 34,000 years ago. Specifically, the Tower Hill eruption was dated at within 3,800 years either side of 36,800 years
406:(volcanic explosion crater), it is of international and national geological significance. It has a gradient of between 10% and 80% at the higher points.
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The origin of the
English name, Tower Hill, is not certain. One source suggests that it arose in the 1840s owing to its resemblance to a
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295:. Significantly, that is a "minimum age constraint for human presence in Victoria", and also could be interpreted as evidence for the
327:
is now in the
Warrnambool Art Gallery. The painting was used as a source of information of local native vegetation when an extensive
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Visible are the scoria cones forming the 'islands' in the middle of the crater, and the lake and far rims of the larger crater.
1016:
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Ian Clark, 'Reconstruction of
Aboriginal microtoponymy in western and central Victoria' in Harold Koch and Luise Hercus (eds),
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444:
Brown's Quarry, on the southern side, was created in about 1951, but since around 1977 has only been used for dumping clean
367:. The volcano is located about 275 kilometres (171 mi) west of Melbourne and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-west of
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Tower Hill's formation is known as a "nested maar", the largest of its type in
Victoria. It was created by molten
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Tower Hill volcano is roughly 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) wide and 80 metres (260 ft) high, and as a giant
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near Tower Hill in 1947, was particularly significant. The archaeological evidence aligns with local people's
279:'s School of Earth Sciences' David Phillips and three other researchers, using a more sophisticated form of
98:
543:
Owen, David; Pemberton, David (2005). Tasmanian Devil: A unique and threatened animal. Allen & Unwin.
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people long inhabited this region of
Australia, and their descendants retain special links with the area.
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oral histories which tell of volcanic eruptions being some of the oldest oral traditions in existence.
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The first confirmed sighting of Tower Hill by
Europeans was in 1802, by French explorers sailing with
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852:(Victorian Division). The review of eruption points was based on an earlier unpublished manuscript
395:
347:, while another credits a sailor from Glasgow with "naming the site after Tower Hill in Scotland".
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682:. Matthew Flinders and the Coastal Landforms of Southeastern Australia (website). Archived from
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http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p17331/html/ch08.xhtml?referer=xxxxxx&page=17
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compiled by O P Singleton and E B Joyce (Geology
Department, University of Melbourne 1970).
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Panoramic photograph from the Eugene von Guerard lookout at Tower Hill, looking south.
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indicate that Aboriginal people were resident in the area when the volcano erupted. A
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of volcanic eruptions, indicating the longevity and truth of those histories. The
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by Neville Rosengren. This report was published in 1994 and was prepared for the
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869:"Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve, Attraction, Great Ocean Road, Victoria, Australia"
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926:"Ancient volcano secrets revealed by old Tower Hill quarry could be reburied"
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This lookout is located at approximate location from which he painted his
323:, the foremost landscape artist in the colonies at the time. The painting
424:, the area had been used since European settlement for farming and stone
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of great geological significance both nationally and internationally.
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Aboriginal Placenames: Naming and Re-naming the Australian Landscape
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This article is about the mountain. For the wildlife reserve, see
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183:, Australia, approximately 275 kilometres (171 mi) west of
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719:. Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs (website)
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It is "one of the largest eruption points of the Pleistocene
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is on the north rim of Tower Hill, within easy reach of both
566:"Study dates Victorian volcano that buried a human-made axe"
530:(ANU E Press and Aboriginal History Incorporated, 2009) <
275:. However, in February 2020, a study was carried out by the
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Eruption Points of the Newer Volcanic Province of Victoria
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Note the layering in the far right-hand side of the image.
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Large panorama of crater, from the south, looking north.
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This information has been obtained from the report:
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tool dubbed the "Bushfield Axe", found buried under
854:
Catalogue of the post-Miocene volcanoes of Victoria
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267:In 1990, the most recent eruption was dated to
930:ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
187:, and 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of
956:Parks Victoria: Tower Hills Wildlife Reserve
319:In 1855, the Hill was painted by the artist
53:
767:"Tower Hill Reserve – History and Heritage"
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428:. The area has been reforested with native
742:"Tower Hill Reserve: History and Heritage"
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420:Now part of the state park system as the
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801:Tower Hill (Worn Gundidj Corporation)
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618:. Department of Industry, Victoria.
232:at Tower Hill contain 5000-year-old
982:Bodies of water of Victoria (state)
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564:Johnson, Sian (26 February 2020).
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203:, Tower Hill is of international
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895:"Tower Hill State Game Reserve"
850:Geological Society of Australia
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383:pushing its way up through the
16:Mountain in Victoria, Australia
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507:List of volcanoes in Australia
432:, and repopulated with native
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331:project was undertaken in the
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1017:Mountains of Victoria (state)
987:Volcanoes of Victoria (state)
591:"Victorian Heritage Database"
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195:and spheres, surrounded by a
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1012:Western District (Victoria)
846:National Trust of Australia
614:Orth, K.; King, R. (1990).
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422:Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve
416:Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve
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333:Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve
179:on the south-west coast of
21:Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve
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924:Lee, Jeremy (9 May 2021).
829:Victorian Resources Online
717:"Site: Artist's Footsteps"
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616:The Geology of Tower Hill
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965:Worn Gundidj: Tower Hill
797:"History & Heritage"
680:"Site: Tower Hill (Vic)"
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396:Newer Volcanics Province
211:name for the volcano is
93:103 m (338 ft)
287:, showed that both the
277:University of Melbourne
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1007:Pleistocene volcanoes
997:Volcanic crater lakes
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477:Eugene von Guerard's
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226:Aboriginal Australian
509:(active and dormant)
240:axe heads and other
121:38.3213°S 142.3597°E
873:Visit Victoria home
848:(Victoria) and the
244:excavated from the
117: /
1002:Inactive volcanoes
992:Maars of Australia
875:. 13 February 2018
746:worngundidj.org.au
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321:Eugene von Guerard
285:argon-argon dating
281:radiometric dating
207:significance. The
126:-38.3213; 142.3597
83:Highest point
549:978-1-74114-368-3
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199:. Being a giant
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903:the original
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825:"Tower Hill"
804:. Retrieved
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723:11 September
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436:since 1961.
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389:scoria cones
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355:The town of
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329:revegetation
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254:volcanic ash
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193:scoria cones
172:
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375:Description
369:Warrnambool
361:Warrnambool
335:from 1961.
297:Gunditjmara
201:nested maar
197:crater lake
189:Warrnambool
148:, Australia
124: /
112:142°21′35″E
99:Coordinates
73:, Australia
976:Categories
705:Tower Hill
365:Port Fairy
238:Greenstone
205:geological
173:Tower Hill
109:38°19′17″S
60:Tower Hill
31:Tower Hill
666:214357121
658:0091-7613
467:painting.
426:quarrying
309:Géographe
283:known as
242:artefacts
185:Melbourne
137:Geography
89:Elevation
63:(Koroitj)
34:(Koroitj)
570:ABC News
501:See also
446:landfill
351:Location
289:Budj Bim
228:kitchen
181:Victoria
146:Victoria
142:Location
71:Victoria
909:8 March
879:8 March
834:9 March
806:9 March
776:9 March
751:9 March
690:24 June
638:Geology
600:9 March
575:9 March
452:Gallery
410:Reserve
271:25,000
236:bones.
230:middens
221:History
214:Koroitj
177:volcano
163:34,000
153:Geology
935:10 May
664:
656:
622:
547:
357:Koroit
345:castle
339:Naming
250:basalt
770:(PDF)
662:S2CID
514:Notes
434:fauna
430:flora
937:2021
911:2020
881:2020
836:2020
808:2020
778:2020
753:2020
725:2015
692:2008
654:ISSN
620:ISBN
602:2020
577:2020
545:ISBN
534:>
404:maar
381:lava
363:and
246:tuff
646:doi
595:VHD
306:on
978::
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273:BP
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
