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Some shell middens are directly associated with villages, as a designated village dump site. In other middens, the material is directly associated with a house in the village. Each household would dump its garbage directly outside the house. In all cases, shell middens are extremely complex and very
111:
remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition sedimentary material is deposited as well. Different mechanisms,
1324:
Thanks to a grant from
Farming Connect Cumbria the Booths were able to roof the slurry midden, probably trebling its capacity by excluding the rainwater, as well as making necessary repairs to the midden itself to prevent possible run-off to a nearby beck. The midden can now provide up to 10 weeks'
168:
to describe shell heaps and continues to be used by some researchers. A midden, by definition, contains the debris of human activity, and should not be confused with wind- or tide-created beach mounds. Some shell middens are processing remains: areas where aquatic resources were processed directly
355:
in far north
Queensland that are mostly less than 2 metres (6.6 ft) high (although ranging up to 10 metres (33 ft) high) and a few tens of metres long are claimed to be middens, but are in fact shell cheniers (beach ridges) re-worked by nest mound-building birds. Some shell middens are
268:
shells, they are interpreted as being the waste products of meals eaten by nomadic groups or hunting parties. Some are small examples relating to meals had by a handful of individuals, others are many metres in length and width and represent centuries of shell deposition. In
346:
today. Middens provide evidence of prior occupation and are generally protected from mining and other developments. One must exercise caution in deciding whether one is examining a midden or a beach mound. There are good examples on the
673:
middens are piles of debris that the octopus piles up to conceal the entrance of its den. Octopus middens are commonly made of rocks, shells, and the bones of prey, although they may contain anything the octopus finds that it can move.
1292:
Investment under this storage and handling Option may include: action to minimise the volume of clean water getting into manure or slurry stores, including the installation of covers for slurry storage facilities and
192:. This slows the normal rate of decay caused by soil acidity, leaving a relatively high proportion of organic material (food remnants, organic tools, clothing, human remains) available for archaeologists to find.
112:
from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed.
471:
541:
Middens in
Yuanshan Culture are the most famous, so it is sometimes called “Midden Culture” as well. The thick deposits of midden in a large area had been found and investigated during the
2997:
351:
in
Tasmania where wave action currently is combining charcoal from forest fire debris with a mix of shells into masses that storms deposit above high-water mark. Shell mounds near
2698:
518:
in southern Taiwan; Fantzuyuan
Culture in central Taiwan; Shihsanhang Culture and Yuanshan Culture in northern Taiwan; and the Liang Tao Tao Wei (LTTW) Archaeological Site on
1279:
624:
in
Britain to describe the place where farm yard manure from cows or other animals is collected. Grants are sometimes available to protect these from rain to
218:(kitchen mound) is now used internationally. The English word "midden" (waste mound) derives from the same Old Norse word that produced the modern Danish one.
1921:
1305:
463:, are circular or open arcs with a clear central area. Many are known from Japan and the southeastern United States, and at least one from South America.
3407:
3323:
1167:
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cultures), containing the remains of the earliest
Neolithisation process (pottery, cereals and domestic animals). Younger shell middens are found in
331:'s west coast, there are shell middens that run for more than 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) along the coast and are several meters deep. The midden in
1084:
Pluckhahn, Thomas J.; Thompson, Victor D.; Cherkinsky, Alexander (2015). "The temporality of shell-bearing landscapes at
Crystal River, Florida".
1040:
576:
for archaeologists. Aside from indicating subsistence at the time, the seashells can also be analyzed to obtain information on diet preferences,
173:
difficult to excavate fully and exactly. The fact that they contain a detailed record of what food was eaten or processed and many fragments of
3550:
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2725:
2673:
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1478:
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655:) usually has one large active midden in each territory with perhaps an inactive or auxiliary midden. A midden may be a regularly used
410:
407:
Located between
Oakland and Berkeley, this mound was estimated to be 60 feet high and 350 feet in diameter. It was demolished in 1924.
214:
when this style of pottery was produced. Shell middens were studied in
Denmark in the latter half of the 19th century. The Danish word
1876:
1337:
522:, Beigan Township, Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands) also found shell middens that can be dated back to 8,300 to 7,000 years ago (
396:
The mounds were constructed over thousands of years. They were often discovered by accident during construction, mining, or farming.
4028:
3073:
741:
415:
Located in Berkeley, this mound was 20 feet high and was the site of the first human settlement on the shores of San Francisco Bay.
3206:
955:
Bailey, Geoff; Chappell, John; Cribb, Roger (1994). "The Origin of 'Anadara' Shell Mounds at Weipa, North Queensland, Australia".
3616:
3110:
690:
453:
838:
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912:
19:
This article is about archaeological remains, known in Spanish as "conchales". For the municipality in São Paulo, Brazil, see
3477:
3196:
939:
870:
449:
There are instances in which shell middens may have doubled as areas of ceremonial construction or ritual significance. The
3898:
1112:
3945:
3849:
3088:
1442:
1344:
1113:"Late Archaic-Early Woodland Period Shell Rings of the Southeastern United States Coast: A Bibliographic Introduction"
3955:
3345:
625:
277:, having been created over a long period between the 6th millennium BCE and the beginning of European colonisation.
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sequences for the human bones collected at LTTW is one of the most significant discoveries in recent times.
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3181:
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4018:
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1369:(2009). "A record of rapid Holocene climate change preserved in hyrax middens from southwestern Africa".
1438:
549:. Middens with human bones were also found at the Liang Tao Tao Wei (LTTW) Archaeological Site. The two
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431:
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3400:
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2569:
1404:
Ambrose, Richard F. (1983). "Midden formation by octopuses: The role of biotic and abiotic factors".
1237:
324:). All these are examples where communities practised a mixed farming and hunting/gathering economy.
206:
in 1877, which led to the discovery of a style of pottery described as "cord-marked", translated as "
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1989:
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peoples built over 425 shell mounds in the San Francisco Bay Area. These mounds were used as:
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Shell middens are found in coastal or lakeshore zones all over the world. Consisting mostly of
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These mounds measured almost 200 meters in diameter and rose 9 meters above the shoreline.
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mitigates the decomposition of human and animal bones, providing well-preserved research
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is over 9 metres (30 ft) deep and spans over 10,000 years of continuous occupation.
211:
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1003:
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3318:
3303:
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2059:
972:
726:
647:, also known as middens, that are used mostly for food storage. For example, the North
313:
247:
199:
165:
1254:
990:
Stone, Tim (31 December 1995). "Shell mound formation in coastal northern Australia".
483:. The presence of shell middens indicates a subsistence relying on aquatic resources.
4220:
3781:
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were also often found in middens. Middens are distributed from northern to southern
32:
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1974:
1901:
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and has come by extension to refer to anything that is a mess, a muddle, or chaos.
515:
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108:
100:
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1041:"There Were Once More Than 425 Shellmounds in the Bay Area. Where Did They Go?"
716:
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487:
361:
317:
281:
242:
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153:
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Chase, B.M.; Meadows, M.E.; Scott, L.; Thomas, D.S.G.; Marais, E.; Sealy, J.;
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natives provided flood free high areas in otherwise large watered areas.
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1943:
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1632:
1512:
527:
491:
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804:
Brinton, DG (1866). "Artificial Shell-deposits of the United States".
631:
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1984:
1938:
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1174:(in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 27 November 2021
825:
Exploring Coast Salish Prehistory: The Archaeology of San Juan Island
495:
357:
343:
61:
1456:
1282:. Scottish Government. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012
3835:
2337:
2332:
2200:
2155:
2076:
1964:
1959:
1928:
1685:
1642:
1607:
1572:
1520:
1341:"Alaska Department of Fish & Game: North American Red Squirrel"
705:
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321:
189:
77:
69:
49:
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after harvest and prior to use or storage in a distant location.
157:
85:
20:
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1439:"The excavations of Lal-lo shell middens (in the Philippines)"
2532:
2522:
2367:
2347:
2292:
2252:
2226:
2170:
1669:
664:
258:
198:
conducted one of the first archaeological excavations of the
129:
57:
2129:
1788:
1773:
1753:
1654:
1535:
1083:
565:
553:
unearthed at LTTW are well preserved. The establishment of
53:
1763:
338:
Shell middens created in coastal regions of Australia by
210:", which came to be used to refer to the early period of
1364:
564:, which can effectively neutralize the acidity of the
2020:
888:"Collections of Morse from The Shell Mounds of Omori"
742:
Waste management in Australia#Pre-European settlement
643:
In the animal kingdom, some species establish ground
486:
In addition to large amounts of seashells, discarded
399:
Some of the largest mounds in the Bay Area include:
280:
European shell middens are primarily found along the
177:
and household goods makes them invaluable objects of
1336:
479:
Middens in Taiwan are mostly presented as a pile of
430:
Shell mounds are also credited with the creation of
954:
510:that have been discovered to have middens include
1436:
1136:
858:
103:and habits of past societies. Middens with damp,
4207:
1304:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1027:Deep Time Dreaming: Uncovering Ancient Australia
713:, a megamidden in the South African West Coast
613:The word "midden" is still in everyday use in
288:and primarily date to the 5th millennium BCE (
132:resulted from oyster harvesting from 200
1472:
602:derivation (from early Scandinavian; Danish:
667:, and also serving as a territorial marker.
360:, such as those of the Anbarra group of the
1320:"Roofed Midden benefits Lake District Farm"
1111:Lawrence, David R. and Hilda L. Wrightson.
4014:Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle
3961:International Congress of Maritime Museums
3941:Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
3233:
1479:
1465:
865:. Cambridge University Press. p. 59.
4074:
4029:National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
1024:
885:
188:content, which tends to make the middens
133:
1255:"Annaker's midden n. a mess, a shambles"
630:
532:
470:
456:provides an example of this phenomenon.
356:regarded as sacred sites, linked to the
304:(associated with Pitted Ware ceramics),
241:
225:
119:
31:
3999:Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology
1403:
1086:Journal of Anthropological Anthropology
852:
803:
691:Crystal River Archaeological State Park
663:, created by many mammals, such as the
580:seasons, and environmental formations.
88:associated with past human occupation.
4208:
3951:European Association of Archaeologists
1209:
1137:陳珮瑜 (Chen Pei-Yu) (9 September 2009).
583:
300:(associated with Comb Ware ceramics),
238:, is the largest on the US East Coast.
4073:
3232:
3207:Pompey's campaign against the pirates
3165:
3035:
3034:
2417:
2019:
1498:
1486:
1460:
1205:
1203:
1162:
1160:
1132:
1130:
989:
929:
822:
1110:
466:
3946:Archaeological Institute of America
1443:Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
892:Digital Museum, University of Tokyo
13:
1345:Alaska Department of Fish and Game
1200:
1157:
1127:
137:
14:
4237:
3956:Institute of Nautical Archaeology
3346:Coastal defence and fortification
2721:Roman circumnavigation of Britain
2021:Navigation, and ports and harbors
1430:
4190:
4056:
3981:Society for American Archaeology
3215:
3148:
3017:
2400:
2002:
687:, characterized by shell-middens
3413:Phoenician discovery of America
1406:Marine Behaviour and Physiology
1397:
1358:
1330:
1312:
1272:
1247:
1230:
1104:
1077:
1055:
1033:
1018:
983:
36:A closeup of a shell midden in
3105:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1115:. University of South Carolina
948:
923:
905:
879:
862:The Cambridge History of Japan
831:
816:
797:
770:
637:Kenai National Wildlife Refuge
95:provide a useful resource for
38:Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
1:
4024:Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa
2699:Phoenician maritime expansion
1422:Published online: 22 Jan 2009
913:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
791:
156:feature consisting mainly of
107:conditions can even preserve
3966:Nautical Archaeology Society
1210:曹銘宗; 張仁豪 (8 December 2000).
1012:10.1016/0025-3227(95)00101-8
459:Some shell mounds, known as
442:, where shell deposits from
7:
4019:Museum of Ancient Seafaring
3432:
3396:Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
3202:Kidnapping of Julius Caesar
3059:Indus–Mesopotamia relations
2418:
1499:
677:
221:
164:(plural) was first used by
52:. It may consist of animal
16:Old dump for domestic waste
10:
4242:
3875:Phoenician Ship Expedition
3166:
2716:Pytheas' voyage to Britain
2709:Circumnavigation of Africa
1145:(in Chinese (Taiwan)). 文化部
932:Deciphering a Shell Midden
859:John Whitney Hall (1988).
626:avoid runoff and pollution
587:
432:tropical hardwood hammocks
18:
4188:
4080:
4069:
4054:
3989:
3931:
3734:
3718:
3466:
3401:Samothrace temple complex
3336:
3291:
3250:
3243:
3239:
3228:
3213:
3172:
3161:
3146:
3044:
3030:
3015:
2968:
2921:
2774:
2741:
2734:
2672:
2473:
2430:
2426:
2413:
2398:
2117:
2030:
2026:
2015:
2000:
1952:
1887:
1824:
1709:
1678:
1511:
1507:
1494:
1418:10.1080/10236248309378613
1239:Oxford English Dictionary
1192:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1098:10.1016/j.jaa.2014.10.004
1043:. kqed.org. 24 March 2022
1029:. Black Inc. p. 164.
1025:Griffiths, Billy (2018).
969:10.1002/arco.1994.29.2.69
115:
2689:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
839:"Whaleback Shell Midden"
763:
747:West Berkeley Shellmound
543:Japanese Colonial Period
434:, one example being the
160:shells. The Danish term
3971:RPM Nautical Foundation
3708:Surviving ancient ships
3627:Marsala Punic shipwreck
1437:Hidefumi Ogawa (小川英文).
1325:storage for the slurry.
1280:"Manure/Slurry Storage"
810:Smithsonian Institution
653:Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
590:Midden (disambiguation)
508:Archaeological cultures
50:dump for domestic waste
25:Midden (disambiguation)
4004:Giza Solar boat museum
3458:Underwater exploration
3453:Underwater archaeology
3418:Pre-Columbian theories
3273:John Sinclair Morrison
3234:Research and education
2684:Austronesian Expansion
1063:"Otter Mound Preserve"
957:Archaeology in Oceania
752:Whaleback Shell Midden
640:
538:
476:
340:Indigenous Australians
333:Namu, British Columbia
261:
239:
196:Edward Sylvester Morse
141:
126:Whaleback Shell Midden
99:who wish to study the
41:
23:. For other uses, see
4075:Legend and literature
4033:Viking ship museums:
4009:Grand Egyptian Museum
3769:Austronesian replicas
3744:Heyerdahl expeditions
3654:Caligula's Giant Ship
3514:Dover Bronze Age Boat
2176:Berenice Troglodytica
1259:Scots Language Centre
1218:(in Chinese (Taiwan))
1212:"劉益昌：人骨出土 有助研究圓山文化墓葬"
930:Stein, Julie (1992).
823:Stein, Julie (2000).
696:Emeryville Shellmound
649:American red squirrel
634:
560:Middens contain rich
536:
474:
403:Emeryville Shellmound
245:
229:
123:
35:
3976:Sea Research Society
3378:Maritime archaeology
3187:Ameinias the Phocian
3182:Mediterranean piracy
1242:(3rd ed.), 2003
620:The word is used by
606:, Swedish regional:
494:, animal bones, and
436:Otter Mound Preserve
273:, they are known as
3069:Maritime Jade Route
2222:Kaveri Poompattinam
1383:2009Geo....37..703C
1004:1995MGeol.129...77S
584:Etymology and usage
349:Freycinet Peninsula
184:Shells have a high
3617:Bajo de la Campana
3319:Peter Throckmorton
3304:Jean-Yves Empereur
3278:William L. Rodgers
3099:Maritime Silk Road
934:. Academic Press.
917:www.etymonline.com
641:
539:
477:
454:Crystal River site
314:Schleswig-Holstein
262:
248:Kasori Shell Mound
240:
200:Omori Shell Mounds
166:Japetus Steenstrup
142:
42:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4065:
4064:
4052:
4051:
3672:Madrague de Giens
3391:Temple of Isthmia
3387:Maritime temples
3373:Marine navigation
3332:
3331:
3324:Shelley Wachsmann
3314:J. Richard Steffy
3224:
3223:
3157:
3156:
3026:
3025:
3013:
3012:
2964:
2963:
2694:Ocean exploration
2409:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2055:Rutter (nautical)
2011:
2010:
1998:
1997:
1854:Mortise and tenon
1488:Ancient seafaring
1391:10.1130/G30053A.1
941:978-0-12-664730-3
872:978-0-521-22352-2
737:Urban archaeology
635:Squirrel midden,
570:calcium carbonate
562:calcium carbonate
526:; or 6,351-5,051
467:Middens in Taiwan
389:Living cemeteries
386:Ceremonial places
308:(associated with
282:Atlantic seaboard
234:shell midden, in
186:calcium carbonate
4233:
4194:
4193:
4088:Ark of bulrushes
4071:
4070:
4060:
4059:
3698:Oldest surviving
3408:Nusantao network
3283:Chester G. Starr
3248:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3192:Cilician pirates
3163:
3162:
3152:
3151:
3089:Sa Huynh-Kalanay
3084:Iron Age Britain
3032:
3031:
3021:
3020:
2739:
2738:
2428:
2427:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2403:
2318:Ptolemais Theron
2028:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2006:
2005:
1598:Single-outrigger
1509:
1508:
1496:
1495:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1425:
1424:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1065:. Colliergov.net
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1015:
987:
981:
980:
952:
946:
945:
927:
921:
920:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
883:
877:
876:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
835:
829:
828:
820:
814:
813:
801:
785:
776:Also known as a
774:
685:Asturian culture
516:Niaosung Culture
504:outlying islands
392:Places of prayer
256:Chiba Prefecture
246:Shell midden in
212:Japanese history
139:
135:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4076:
4061:
4057:
4048:
3991:
3985:
3933:
3932:Institutes and
3927:
3882:Viking replicas
3823:Balangay Voyage
3736:
3730:
3714:
3469:
3462:
3338:
3328:
3287:
3235:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3168:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3040:
3022:
3018:
3009:
2960:
2917:
2770:
2730:
2675:
2668:
2469:
2422:
2405:
2401:
2392:
2268:Mueang Phra Rot
2122:
2113:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1948:
1922:Triangular sail
1883:
1820:
1794:Sail components
1705:
1674:
1648:Tessarakonteres
1503:
1490:
1485:
1447:
1445:
1433:
1428:
1402:
1398:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1335:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1297:
1296:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1208:
1201:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1135:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1023:
1019:
998:(1–2): 77–100.
988:
984:
953:
949:
942:
928:
924:
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
886:Keiji Imamura.
884:
880:
873:
857:
853:
843:
841:
837:
836:
832:
821:
817:
802:
798:
794:
789:
788:
775:
771:
766:
761:
757:Yachats, Oregon
680:
594:The word is of
592:
586:
469:
451:Woodland period
429:
428:
426:
416:
414:
408:
406:
400:
306:the Netherlands
224:
162:køkkenmøddinger
118:
58:human excrement
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4239:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4124:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4090:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3865:
3857:Mediterranean
3855:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3813:
3810:Alingano Maisu
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3753:
3740:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3659:De Meern ships
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3585:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:Cape Gelidonya
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3474:
3472:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3292:Archaeologists
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3258:David Blackman
3254:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3197:Jewish pirates
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:Lake Trasimene
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2784:Mediterranean:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2087:Maritime pilot
2084:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2052:
2050:Portolan chart
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1623:Oared warships
1620:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1505:
1504:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1432:
1431:External links
1429:
1427:
1426:
1412:(2): 137–144.
1396:
1357:
1329:
1311:
1271:
1246:
1229:
1199:
1156:
1126:
1103:
1076:
1054:
1032:
1017:
992:Marine Geology
982:
947:
940:
922:
904:
878:
871:
851:
830:
815:
808:. Washington:
795:
793:
790:
787:
786:
778:kitchen midden
768:
767:
765:
762:
760:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
717:Packrat midden
714:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
681:
679:
676:
600:Middle English
585:
582:
488:pottery sherds
468:
465:
394:
393:
390:
387:
384:
362:Burarra people
318:Late Neolithic
312:ceramics) and
223:
220:
179:archaeological
154:archaeological
117:
114:
97:archaeologists
66:mollusc shells
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4238:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4216:Shell middens
4214:
4213:
4211:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4158:Metamorphoses
4155:
4153:
4151:
4150:The Histories
4147:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4128:The Histories
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4072:
4068:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3843:Marumaru Atua
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3803:Samudra Raksa
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3789:Te Au o Tonga
3786:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3649:Blackfriars I
3647:
3645:
3644:Arles Rhône 3
3642:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3448:Thalassocracy
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Shell middens
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3383:Naval warfare
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Lionel Casson
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3227:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:Incense trade
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3029:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:South America
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:Sailing ships
2944:
2942:
2941:Oared vessels
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Cape Hermaeum
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2674:Migration and
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:Ancient Egypt
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:Civilizations
2472:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2014:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Clinker built
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:Boat building
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:Navis lusoria
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1281:
1275:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1189:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1064:
1058:
1042:
1036:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
943:
937:
933:
926:
918:
914:
908:
893:
889:
882:
874:
868:
864:
863:
855:
840:
834:
826:
819:
811:
807:
800:
796:
783:
779:
773:
769:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
686:
683:
682:
675:
672:
668:
666:
662:
658:
657:animal toilet
654:
650:
646:
638:
633:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
591:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
545:, along with
544:
535:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:, as well as
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
473:
464:
462:
457:
455:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
425:
424:
423:Ellis Landing
420:
419:West Berkeley
413:
412:
405:
404:
397:
391:
388:
385:
382:
381:
380:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
354:
350:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:Funnel Beaker
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
267:
260:
257:
253:
249:
244:
237:
233:
228:
219:
217:
216:køkkenmødding
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
136:to 1000
131:
127:
122:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
89:
87:
83:
80:), and other
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4179:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4141:
4136:On the Ocean
4134:
4127:
4119:
4116:Literature:
3904:
3886:
3867:
3860:
3850:Aotearoa One
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3735:Experimental
3703:Museum ships
3670:
3663:
3636:
3608:Phoenician:
3599:
3594:Leontophoros
3592:
3556:Butuan boats
3551:Pontian boat
3489:Dufuna canoe
3428:Shipbuilding
3339:and theories
3309:Boris Rankov
3103:
3036:Economy and
2936:Incendiaries
2783:
2570:Indus Valley
2538:Tarumanagara
2465:Ubaid period
2383:Wadi al-Jarf
2298:Ostia Antica
1902:Fore-and-aft
1869:Shipbuilding
1844:Carvel built
1826:Construction
1784:Steering oar
1665:Sailing ship
1588:Obelisk ship
1546:Dugout canoe
1446:. Retrieved
1421:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1377:(8): 703–6.
1374:
1370:
1367:Reimer, P.J.
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1314:
1291:
1284:. Retrieved
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1215:
1176:. Retrieved
1171:
1147:. Retrieved
1142:
1117:. Retrieved
1106:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1057:
1045:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1020:
995:
991:
985:
963:(2): 69–80.
960:
956:
950:
931:
925:
916:
907:
895:. Retrieved
891:
881:
861:
854:
842:. Retrieved
833:
824:
818:
805:
799:
781:
777:
772:
722:Privy midden
711:Mussel Point
669:
652:
642:
619:
612:
607:
603:
596:Scandinavian
593:
559:
555:nucleic acid
540:
520:Liang island
512:Tahu Culture
485:
478:
458:
448:
417:
409:
401:
398:
395:
383:Burial sites
370:
337:
326:
279:
274:
263:
232:Turtle Mound
215:
204:Tokyo, Japan
194:
183:
171:
161:
149:
146:shell midden
145:
143:
90:
76:(especially
45:
43:
29:
4143:Argonautica
4130:(Herodotus)
4093:Flood myths
3990:Museums and
3934:conferences
3899:Vital Alsar
3737:archaeology
3546:Austronesia
3539:Hjortspring
3534:Rochelongue
3484:Pesse canoe
3438:Ship burial
3423:Sea Peoples
3356:Lighthouses
3351:Grave goods
3299:George Bass
3079:Spice trade
2676:exploration
2498:Philippines
2493:Austronesia
2486:Old Kingdom
2363:Trincomalee
2313:Prosphorion
2258:Myos Hormos
2102:Micronesian
2093:By region:
2065:Lighthouses
1873:By region:
1638:Quinquereme
1563:Kunlun ship
1556:Penteconter
1541:Dragon boat
1350:24 February
1222:20 December
1178:20 December
1149:20 December
1119:10 December
1069:24 February
1047:16 November
897:4 September
701:Green Mound
547:human bones
492:stone tools
461:shell rings
377:Coast Miwok
366:Arnhem Land
310:Corded Ware
175:stone tools
150:shell mound
4210:Categories
4152:(Polybius)
3796:Hawaiʻiloa
3678:Nemi ships
3563:Black Sea
3509:Khufu ship
3470:and relics
3368:Marine art
3361:Alexandria
3268:Fik Meijer
3251:Historians
3138:Indo-Roman
2951:Greek navy
2853:Salamis II
2843:Hellespont
2803:Artemisium
2793:Nile Delta
2756:Achaemenid
2649:Achaemenid
2518:Langkasuka
2513:Micronesia
2431:Prehistory
2358:Sounagoura
2186:Chittagong
2161:Barbarikon
2140:Alexandria
2082:Pilot boat
2032:Navigation
1864:Sewn-plank
1859:Lashed-lug
1737:Figurehead
1710:Components
1679:Propulsion
1633:Quadrireme
1614:Polyremes
1593:Outriggers
1448:19 October
1168:"亮島島尾考古遺址"
792:References
782:shell heap
588:See also:
496:fish bones
292:and Early
64:material,
48:is an old
4226:Stone Age
4165:Geography
4103:Gilgamesh
3992:memorials
3916:Viracocha
3829:Faʻafaite
3782:Sarimanok
3688:Yassi Ada
3601:Syracusia
3524:Canaanite
3499:Moor Sand
2969:By region
2931:Grappling
2903:Naulochus
2893:Myonessus
2848:Echinades
2833:Arginusae
2828:Cynossema
2813:Naupactus
2808:Eurymedon
2642:Classical
2617:Phoenicia
2612:Mycenaean
2575:Tamilakam
2558:Polynesia
2548:Srivijaya
2343:Satingpra
2303:Palembang
2287:Cattigara
2229:(Kadaram)
2212:Jambukola
2206:Guangzhou
2147:(Podouke)
2145:Arikamedu
2107:Polynesia
2040:Celestial
1953:Armaments
1939:Spritsail
1897:Crab claw
1839:Careening
1806:Sternpost
1660:Reed boat
1603:Catamaran
1578:Multihull
1286:18 August
1092:: 19–36.
574:materials
551:skeletons
481:seashells
358:Dreamtime
344:Australia
342:exist in
290:Ertebølle
275:sambaquis
105:anaerobic
82:artifacts
70:potsherds
62:botanical
4221:Landfill
4181:Tākitimu
4084:Legend:
4042:Roskilde
3921:Tangaroa
3862:Olympias
3836:Gaualofa
3775:Hōkūleʻa
3750:Kon-Tiki
3583:Ashkelon
3519:Uluburun
3478:Earliest
3244:Scholars
3126:shipping
2926:Boarding
2838:Mytilene
2823:Syracuse
2788:Alashiya
2751:Egyptian
2735:Military
2726:Timeline
2704:Sardinia
2627:Carthage
2543:Kalingga
2503:Sa Huỳnh
2438:Timeline
2388:Zanzibar
2338:Sarapion
2333:Rhacotis
2263:Martaban
2208:(Canton)
2201:Godavaya
2196:Giao Chỉ
2166:Barygaza
2156:Avalites
2077:Piloting
1965:Catapult
1960:Ballista
1934:Mast-aft
1747:Planking
1686:Paddling
1643:Hexareme
1608:Trimaran
1573:Longship
1521:Balangay
1300:cite web
1188:cite web
977:40386985
706:Landfill
678:See also
661:dunghill
659:area or
639:, Alaska
615:Scotland
475:亮島島尾遺址貝塚
411:Huichuin
322:Iron Age
222:Examples
190:alkaline
93:features
86:ecofacts
78:debitage
4121:Odyssey
4098:Genesis
3895:Others
3694:Lists:
3683:Marausa
3633:Roman:
3623:Punic:
3588:Kyrenia
3579:Greek:
3575:Marsala
3568:Sinop D
3443:Tacking
3177:History
3064:Meluhha
3054:Fishing
3049:Whaling
2956:Ramming
2878:Aegates
2873:Drepana
2868:Ecnomus
2798:Salamis
2786:
2776:Battles
2654:Nabatea
2637:Archaic
2607:Nuragic
2597:Somalia
2448:Oceania
2443:Britain
2420:History
2353:Socotra
2323:Qandala
2308:Piraeus
2278:Muziris
2248:Madurai
2243:Manthai
2181:Canopus
2151:Arsinoe
2123:harbors
2072:History
2060:Coastal
1990:Sambuca
1975:Dolphin
1889:Rigging
1701:Poling
1691:Sailing
1628:Trireme
1568:Liburna
1531:Coracle
1501:Vessels
1379:Bibcode
1371:Geology
1293:middens
1264:15 July
1172:國家文化資產網
1143:臺灣大百科全書
1000:Bibcode
806:Reports
732:Tumulus
671:Octopus
645:burrows
622:farmers
608:mödding
604:mødding
578:harvest
440:Florida
286:Denmark
284:and in
266:mollusc
236:Florida
181:study.
158:mollusc
109:organic
74:lithics
21:Conchal
4172:Aeneid
3888:Viking
3869:Regina
3638:Alkedo
3494:Abydos
3468:Wrecks
3337:Topics
3167:Piracy
3121:Greece
2981:Odisha
2913:Actium
2908:Mycale
2743:Navies
2632:Greece
2622:Olmecs
2590:Pandya
2565:Minoan
2528:Champa
2508:Lapita
2453:Remote
2373:Tyndis
2328:Quilon
2273:Muscat
2238:Lothal
2233:Korkai
2217:Jeddah
2191:Essina
2135:Adulis
2045:Charts
1980:Harpax
1970:Corvus
1944:Square
1912:Settee
1907:Lateen
1816:Tiller
1811:Strake
1779:Rudder
1769:Paddle
1717:Anchor
1696:Towing
1618:Bireme
1551:Galley
1526:Bangka
975:
938:
869:
844:11 May
568:. The
500:Taiwan
444:Calusa
373:Ohlone
329:Canada
302:Sweden
298:Latvia
271:Brazil
152:is an
116:Shells
91:These
46:midden
4108:Greek
3911:Abora
3905:Ivlia
3817:Saina
3761:Ra II
3719:Sites
3504:Dokos
3116:Egypt
3038:trade
3003:Rafts
2988:Japan
2976:India
2888:Chios
2858:Mylae
2818:Olpae
2766:Roman
2761:Greek
2659:Aksum
2585:Chera
2580:Chola
2553:Sunda
2533:Kutai
2523:Kedah
2368:Tulum
2348:Sidon
2293:Opone
2283:Óc Eo
2253:Malao
2227:Kedah
2171:Basra
2119:Ports
2097:Inuit
1917:Tanja
1877:Egypt
1727:Cabin
1670:Tomol
1513:Types
973:JSTOR
764:Notes
665:hyrax
353:Weipa
259:Japan
252:Chiba
208:Jōmon
130:Maine
101:diets
54:bones
4037:Oslo
3759:and
3665:Isis
3612:Gozo
3133:Rome
3111:Maya
2993:Rome
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