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The first recorded ascent was on 12 June 1923 by the
Marquis de Segonzac, Vincent Berger and Hubert Dolbeau, but the mountain may well have been climbed before that date. Toubkal's height was measured the following year, and determined as being 4,165 metres (13,665 ft) Nowadays measured at 4,167
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rocks, the
Toubkal massif is an area of volcanic rocks which have weathered into alpine crests, cut by deep, narrow valleys. To the south, the mountain drops steeply down for 1,800 metres (5,906 ft) to a small lake called Lac d'Ifni. To the west, the mountain's edge is marked by a pass, the Tizi
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In summer the mountains can be very dry, but are sometimes subject to storms. Although the temperature should remain above zero during the day, freezing conditions are possible over 3,500m. In winter the mountains are covered in snow and ice, and can be prone to avalanches. Skiing is possible as the
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is crossed and the route follows the left slope of the valley southwards. The valley bends to the east to the tiny settlement of Sidi
Chamharouch, which has grown around a Muslim shrine. At Sidi Chamharouch, the path leads over the stream and runs steeply uphill to the right side of the Isougouane
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The north and western sides of
Toubkal drain down to the Mizane Valley, which has the passes of both Tizi n'Ouanoums and Tizi n'Ouagane at its head. Two hanging valleys on the western side of the mountain - the Ikhibi Nord and Ikhibi South provide ready access for trekkers and climbers to reach
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2) Ikhibi Nord Not as frequently ascended as Ikhibi Sud, but technically easier. The route starts some distance down the valley from the
Toubkal refuge, and turns right (eastwards) to follow a track up through a hanging valley to a col on the north side of Toubkal. Ascent:1,000 metres
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3) West-North-West Ridge (ONO Arete). (First ascent by J de
Lepinay and party, 1936). Infrequently climbed, but a long and pleasant traverse containing many gaps and towers. Some difficulties can be avoided by means of an abseil. Grade III/IV; 7 hours.
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n'Ouanoums at 3,664 metres (12,021 ft). From this pass, the mountain's W-S-W ridge rises up to
Toubkal West, which forms a shoulder at 4,020 metres (13,189 ft) before continuing to the summit at 4,167 metres (13,671 ft).
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Mountains. It is possible to climb mountain
Toubkal in two days - first day up to the refuge (around seven hours), second day to the summit (around four hours ascent, three hours descent) and back to Imlil (up to five hours).
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Toubkal is popular with trekkers and ski mountaineers, but less so with climbers, despite its ease of access and sunny climate. Trekkers usually approach the mountain from
Marrakesh via the road-end village of
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snow can lie to considerable depth and cover many rocky slopes. Information about the state of the route can be obtained at
Marrakesh tourist offices or at Imlil.
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432:(3,281 ft); 3–4 hours. The col also gives access to adjacent peaks of Imouzzer 4,010 m (13,156 ft) and Tibherine 3,887 m (12,753 ft)
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valley, which leads to two stone-built refuges (Refuge du Toubkal and Refuge Les Mouflons) that are often used as base camp at 3,207 m (10,522 ft).
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may be needed on the remaining snowfields in the early summer. The ascent during the end of the winter and spring (February/March) is more difficult;
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532:(Map) (1st ed.). 1:160,000 with mountaineering information. High Atlas Mountains. Cartography by EWP. EWP and West Col Productions. 2008.
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The ascent during the summer (from May) is non-technical yet moderately difficult, complicated only by steep and slippery scree slopes and
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409:(Tizi'n'Toubkal at 3,940m). At the col the route turns left (northwards) up easy slopes to the narrow summit crest of Jebel Toubkal.
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Toubkal's summit. At one time the northern valley provided the normal route of ascent, but the construction of a mountain hut by the
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metres, the summit is crowned with a large pyramidal metal trigonometric marker, and offers views taking in most of the Atlas and
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are necessary to ascend through the snow and - in some cases - ice. Ascent: 960 m (3,150 ft); 2.5 –3 hours.
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1) Ikhibi Sud (normal route). From the Toubkal refuge, a path crosses the stream, climbs a steep
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World mountaineering : the world's great mountains by the world's great mountaineers
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619:"Two tourists killed in Morocco — one of them beheaded — in likely terrorist attack"
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below Ikhibi Sud now encourages trekkers to ascend via the southern route instead.
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292:. At 4,167 m (13,671 ft), it is the highest peak in Morocco, the
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12 June 1923 by the Marquis de Segonzac, V. Berger, and H. Dolbeau
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The normal route starts with a walk to the village of
567:(1998). "Jebel Toubkal". In Salkeld, Audrey (ed.).
667:Photo Gallery of Jebel Toubkal and the High Atlas
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324:Although much of the High Atlas consists of
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1511:Saint Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha
19:For other places with the same name, see
657:What to wear on Mount Toubkal in winter?
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16:Highest peak of the Atlas mountain range
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672:Useful information on climbing Toubkal
662:Summitpost.org page about Jbel Toubkal
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571:. Mitchell Beazley. pp. 272–275.
1491:French Southern & Antarctic Lands
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308:, and visible from it, Toubkal is an
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40:Mt Toubkal from summit of Ouanoukrim
459:360 degree panorama from the summit
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1455:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1225:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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596:. Goring: West Col Productions.
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1496:Heard & McDonald Islands
530:Toubkal Massif Map and Guide
482:"Topographic map of Toubkal"
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232:Toubkal Massif Map and Guide
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1547:Highest points of countries
1542:Geography of Marrakesh-Safi
380:The highest peak of Toubkal
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1552:Four-thousanders of Africa
592:Collomb, Robin G. (1980).
506:"Africa Ultra-Prominences"
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647:Mount Toubkal Group Tours
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1210:Central African Republic
1154:Highest points of Africa
1021:Other peaks & ranges
87:List of Ultras of Africa
21:Toubkal (disambiguation)
652:Routes up Mount Toubkal
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1370:São Tomé and Príncipe
1230:Republic of the Congo
439:On 17 December 2018,
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314:topographic isolation
290:Toubkal National Park
1532:Mountains of Morocco
1067:Geography of Morocco
715:Mountains of Morocco
310:ultra prominent peak
116:31.05963°N 7.91513°W
1447:limited recognition
623:The Washington Post
357:. Beyond Aroumd, a
169:Show map of Morocco
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617:O'Grady, Siobhán.
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372:Tourism in Morocco
335:French Alpine Club
202:Show map of Africa
121:31.05963; -7.91513
83:Country high point
46:Highest point
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539:978-0-906227-98-5
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1470:Dependencies
1395:South Africa
1385:Sierra Leone
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1190:Burkina Faso
1112:Todgha Gorge
1077:Dadès Gorges
1034:Béni-Snassen
1028:Jbel Lakhdar
931:Mount Zagora
925:Mount Amchad
895:Jbel Kissane
844:Middle Atlas
827:Jebel Yagour
785:Bou Iguenwan
761:Jbel Tifnout
743:Ighil M'Goun
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626:. Retrieved
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565:Hamish Brown
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513:. Retrieved
510:peaklist.org
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489:. Retrieved
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387:Little Atlas
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298:North Africa
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243:First ascent
215:Parent range
1445:States with
1400:South Sudan
1290:Ivory Coast
1102:Tizi-n-Test
1087:Tislit Lake
1049:Jbel Saghro
1044:Djebel Bani
987:Ras Foughal
628:22 December
326:sedimentary
119: /
94:Coordinates
70:Ranked 36th
1526:Categories
1460:Somaliland
1380:Seychelles
1345:Mozambique
1330:Mauritania
1315:Madagascar
1205:Cape Verde
1092:Oukaimeden
881:Anti-Atlas
852:Bou Naceur
791:Uwawgulzat
737:Ouanoukrim
723:High Atlas
578:1845331427
515:2012-01-14
491:2023-06-16
465:References
370:See also:
359:floodplain
302:Arab world
104:31°03′35″N
62:Prominence
29:Mt Toubkal
1481:Bir Tawil
1335:Mauritius
1255:Swaziland
999:Jbel Musa
993:Gourougou
975:Tidirhine
864:Bou Iblan
767:Tazarhart
320:Geography
306:Marrakesh
132:Geography
107:7°54′54″W
52:Elevation
1435:Zimbabwe
1410:Tanzania
1260:Ethiopia
1235:Djibouti
1200:Cameroon
1185:Botswana
1013:(1025 m)
989:(1535 m)
983:(1912 m)
977:(2456 m)
952:(1888 m)
933:(1030 m)
927:(1238 m)
921:(2530 m)
915:(2592 m)
913:Kouaouch
909:(2712 m)
903:(3304 m)
897:(1485 m)
891:(2531 m)
872:(2250 m)
870:Tanourdi
866:(3081 m)
860:(3277 m)
858:Mouasker
854:(3340 m)
835:(2205 m)
833:Tassemit
829:(2700 m)
823:(3200 m)
817:(3280 m)
811:(3664 m)
805:(3747 m)
799:(3753 m)
793:(3763 m)
787:(3882 m)
781:(3892 m)
779:Ineghmar
775:(3910 m)
769:(3995 m)
763:(4001 m)
757:(4030 m)
751:(4043 m)
745:(4071 m)
739:(4089 m)
733:(4167 m)
426:crampons
300:and the
282:mountain
237:Climbing
228:Topo map
1506:Réunion
1501:Mayotte
1420:Tunisia
1390:Somalia
1375:Senegal
1360:Nigeria
1350:Namibia
1340:Morocco
1305:Liberia
1300:Lesotho
1250:Eritrea
1220:Comoros
1195:Burundi
1170:Algeria
1082:Kem Kem
1030:(893 m)
1011:Zerhoun
1007:(435 m)
1001:(851 m)
995:(900 m)
773:Aksoual
731:Toubkal
422:ice-axe
286:Morocco
280:, is a
272:, also
270:Toubkal
193:Toubkal
165:Morocco
158:Toubkal
78:Listing
1430:Zambia
1425:Uganda
1365:Rwanda
1320:Malawi
1280:Guinea
1270:Gambia
1175:Angola
971:(93 m)
919:Imgout
815:Gourza
803:Ayachi
797:Tichki
755:Akioud
749:Afella
600:
575:
536:
366:Routes
355:Aroumd
341:Access
259:South
1405:Sudan
1355:Niger
1310:Libya
1295:Kenya
1275:Ghana
1265:Gabon
1240:Egypt
1180:Benin
981:Kelti
950:Grouz
901:Sirwa
889:Aklim
399:scree
348:Imlil
1415:Togo
1325:Mali
1215:Chad
630:2018
598:ISBN
573:ISBN
534:ISBN
1472:and
961:Rif
407:col
276:or
261:cwm
1528::
621:.
548:^
508:.
484:.
473:^
316:.
296:,
1146:e
1139:t
1132:v
700:e
693:t
686:v
632:.
606:.
581:.
542:.
518:.
494:.
23:.
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