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1253:) assisting Hackenholt twelve, thirteen times, in the face. After 2 hours and 49 minutes â the stopwatch recorded it all â the diesel started. Up to that moment, the people shut up in those four crowded chambers were still alive, four times 750 persons, in four times 45 cubic meters. Another 25 minutes elapsed. Many were already dead, that could be seen through the small window, because an electric lamp inside lit up the chamber for a few moments. After 28 minutes, only a few were still alive. Finally, after 32 minutes, all were dead ... Dentists hammered out gold teeth, bridges, and crowns. In the midst of them stood Captain Wirth. He was in his element, and, showing me a large can full of teeth, he said: "See, for yourself, the weight of that gold! It's only from yesterday, and the day before. You can't imagine what we find every day â dollars, diamonds, gold. You'll see for yourself!"
1727:
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prisoners from the so-called
Special Detachment who carried out their duties despite their being well aware that they, too, would meet exactly the same fate in the end. At the Lazaret killing station they held the sick so they would never see the gun while being shot. They did it "in such a matter-of-course manner that they might, themselves, have been the exterminators", wrote Höss. He further said that the men ate and smoked "even when engaged in the grisly job of burning corpses which had been lying for some time in mass graves." They occasionally encountered the corpse of a relative, or saw them entering the gas chambers. According to Höss, they were obviously shaken by this but "it never led to any incident". He mentioned the case of a
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1291:(Special Detachment), assisted in the process of extermination; they encouraged the Jews to undress and accompanied them into the gas chambers which were outfitted to appear as shower rooms (with nonworking water nozzles, and tile walls); and remained with the victims until just before the chamber door closed. To psychologically maintain the "calming effect" of the delousing deception, an SS man stood at the door until the end. The
1308:"give the most terrible shrieks while undressing, or tear their hair, or scream like maniacs"; these prisoners were taken away for execution by shooting. In such circumstances, others, meaning to save themselves at the gas chamber's threshold, betrayed the identities and "revealed the addresses of those members of their race still in hiding".
1122:. In most other camps prisoners were selected for slave labor first; they were kept alive on starvation rations and made available to work as required. Auschwitz, Majdanek, and Jasenovac were retrofitted with Zyklon B gas chambers and crematoria buildings as the time went on, remaining operational until war's end in 1945.
1653:, the camps were dismantled by commandos of condemned prisoners, their records were destroyed, and the mass graves were dug up. Some extermination camps that remained uncleared of evidence were liberated by Soviet troops, who followed different standards of documentation and openness than the Western allies did.
1763:
Extermination camp research is difficult because of extensive attempts by the SS and Nazi regime to conceal the existence of the extermination camps. The existence of the extermination camps is firmly established by testimonies of camp survivors and Final
Solution perpetrators, material evidence (the
1759:
are people and organizations who assert that the
Holocaust did not occur, or that it did not occur in the historically recognized manner and extent. Holocaust deniers claim that the extermination camps were actually transit camps from which Jews were deported farther east. However, these theories are
1680:
at the extermination camp sites. These early monuments mentioned no ethnic, religious, or national particulars of the Nazi victims. The extermination camps sites have been accessible to everyone in recent decades. They are popular destinations for visitors from all over the world, especially the most
1158:
The Nazis had first used gassing with carbon monoxide cylinders to murder 70,000 disabled people in
Germany in what they called a 'euthanasia programme' to disguise that mass murder was taking place. Despite the lethal effects of carbon monoxide, this was seen as unsuitable for use in the East due to
1142:
Heinrich
Himmler visited the outskirts of Minsk in 1941 to witness a mass shooting. He was told by the commanding officer there that the shootings were proving psychologically damaging to those being asked to pull the triggers. Thus, Himmler concluded that another method of mass killing was required.
1400:
was responsible for burning the corpses in the pits, stoking the fires, draining surplus body fat and turning over the "mountain of burning corpses ... so that the draft might fan the flames", wrote
Commandant Höss in his memoir while in the Polish custody. He was impressed by the diligence of
1311:
Once the door of the filled gas chamber was sealed, pellets of Zyklon B were dropped through special holes in the roof. Regulations required that the Camp
Commandant supervise the preparations, the gassing (through a peephole), and the aftermath looting of the corpses. Commandant Höss reported that
1307:
Yet, not every prisoner was deceived by such tactics; Commandant Höss spoke of Jews "who either guessed, or knew, what awaited them, nevertheless ... found the courage to joke with the children, to encourage them, despite the mortal terror visible in their own eyes". Some women would suddenly
1279:
pellets were used on the Jews, many suspected they were to be killed – despite having been deceived into believing they were to be deloused and then returned to the camp. As a result, the Nazis identified and isolated "difficult individuals" who might alert the prisoners, and removed
1248:
comes up. I can see he is afraid, because I am present at a disaster. Yes, I see it all and I wait. My stopwatch showed it all, 50 minutes, 70 minutes, and the diesel did not start. The people wait inside the gas chambers. In vain. They can be heard weeping, "like in the synagogue", says
Professor
1052:
that linked to the Polish railway system, with staff members transferring between locations. These camps had almost identical design: they were several hundred metres in length and width, and were equipped with only minimal staff housing and support installations not meant for the victims crammed
1297:
talked to the victims about life in the camp to pacify the suspicious ones, and hurried them inside; to that effect, they also assisted the aged and the very young in undressing. Many young mothers hid their infants beneath their piled clothes fearing that the delousing "disinfectant" might harm
1047:
Whereas the
Auschwitz II (AuschwitzâBirkenau) and Majdanek camps were parts of a labor camp complex, the CheĆmno and Operation Reinhard death camps (that is, BeĆĆŒec, SobibĂłr, and Treblinka) were built exclusively for the rapid extermination of entire communities of people (primarily Jews) within
1178:
on Soviet POWs, who were locked up in cells in the basement of the bunker for this experiment. Höss on his return was briefed and impressed with the results and this became the camp strategy for extermination as it was also to be at
Majdanek. Besides gassing, the camp guards continued killing
1644:
The Nazis attempted to either partially or completely dismantle the extermination camps in order to hide any evidence that people had been murdered there. This was an attempt to conceal not only the extermination process but also the buried remains. As a result of the secretive
831:
Murders were not limited to these camps. Sites for the "Holocaust by Bullets" are marked on the map of The Holocaust in Occupied Poland by white skulls (without the black background), where people were lined up next to a ravine and shot by soldiers with rifles. Sites included
1685:. In the early 1990s, the Jewish Holocaust organisations debated with the Polish Catholic groups about "What religious symbols of martyrdom are appropriate as memorials in a Nazi death camp such as Auschwitz?" The Jews opposed the placement of Christian memorials such as the
312:. The technology was adapted, expanded, and applied in wartime to unsuspecting victims of many ethnic and national groups; the Jews were the primary target, accounting for over 90 percent of extermination camp victims. The genocide of the Jews of Europe was Nazi Germany's "
3722:, of the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland; and c. 235,000, in a 1992 article by Dr. Czeslaw Rajca, formerly of the Majdanek museum. However, the number of those whose deaths the camp administration did not register remains unknown.
863:, which provided perfect cover for the extermination programme. Prisoners represented about a quarter of the total workforce of the Reich, with mortality rates exceeding 75 percent due to starvation, disease, exhaustion, executions, and physical brutality.
1360:
leaders and SS officers were sent to AuschwitzâBirkenau to witness the gassings. As the Auschwitz Camp Commandant Rudolf Höss justified the extermination by explaining the need for "the iron determination with which we must carry out Hitler's orders".
668:. Six camps meet this definition, though extermination of people happened at every sort of concentration camp or transit camp; the use of the term extermination camp with its exclusive purpose is carried over from Nazi terminology. The six camps were
1316:
the victim began suffering convulsions. The corpses were additionally found half-squatting, their skin discolored pink with red and green spots, with some foaming at the mouth or bleeding from their ears, exacerbated by the crowding in gas chambers.
3717:
on the site of the AuschwitzâBirkenau Museum: Lublin scholar Tomasz Kranz established new figure which the Majdanek museum staff consider authoritative. Earlier calculations were greater: c. 360,000, in a much-cited 1948 publication by Judge
3915:
3618:
It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people to Auschwitz complex between 1940 and 1945. Of these, the camp authorities murdered 1.1 million." (Number includes victims killed in other Auschwitz
699:. Deportees were normally murdered within a few hours of arrival at BeĆĆŒec, SobibĂłr, and Treblinka. The Reinhard extermination camps were under Globocnik's direct command; each of them was run by 20 to 35 men from the
1280:
them from the mass – lest they incite revolt among the deceived majority of prisoners en route to the gas chambers. The "difficult" prisoners were led to a site out of view to be killed off discreetly.
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1792:
who were surveyed (and 41 percent of all U.S. adults) did not know what Auschwitz was. In 2019, a survey of 1,100 Canadians found that 49 percent of them could not name any of the Nazi camps which were located in
3006:
Number of foreign laborers employed as of January 1944 (excluding those already dead): total of 3,795,000. From Poland: 1,400,000 (survival rate 25.2); from the Soviet Union: 2,165,000 (survival rate 27.7)
9853:
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them. Camp Commandant Höss reported that the "men of the Special Detachment were particularly on the look-out for this", and encouraged the women to take their children into the "shower room". Likewise, the
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Each extermination camp operated differently, yet each had designs for quick and efficient industrialized killing. While Höss was away on an official journey in late August 1941 his deputy,
4581:
1134:
Carpathian Ruthenian Jews arrive at AuschwitzâBirkenau, May 1944. Without being registered to the camp system, most were killed in gas chambers hours after arriving. (Photograph from the
461:. In 1941, the experience gained in the secretive killing of these hospital patients led to the creation of extermination camps for the implementation of the Final Solution. By then, the
1174:
chemicals company for which the brand name was Zyklon B. Once released from their container, Zyklon B crystals in the air released a lethal cyanide gas. Fritzsch tried out the effect of
516:
in January 1942 in which the principle was made clear that the Jews of Europe were to be exterminated. Responsibility for the logistics was to be handled by the programme administrator,
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485:, after the June 1941 onset of the NaziâSoviet war. The adoption of the gassing technology by Nazi Germany was preceded by a wave of hands-on killings carried out by the SS
1312:
the gassed victims "showed no signs of convulsion"; the Auschwitz camp physicians attributed that to the "paralyzing effect on the lungs" of the Zyklon B gas, which killed
1066:(work camps) farther to the east. Selected able-bodied prisoners delivered to the death camps were not immediately killed, but instead were pressed into labor units called
6113:
9904:
8016:
5511:
1883:, and successfully initiated the killing of local hospital patients with the exhaust fumes from a truck engine, minimizing the psychological impact of the crime on the
1349:
Fifty-two crematorium ovens, including these, were used to burn the bodies of up to 6,000 people every 24 hours during the operation of Auschwitz-Birkenau gas chambers.
7467:
4144:
An account of the locations of the extermination camps as they are today, augmented by the historical information about them, and about the fate of the Jews of Poland.
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1446:
The estimated total number of people who were murdered in the six Nazi extermination camps is 2.7 million, according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
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2010:
Gruner, Wolf (April 2004). "Jewish Forced Labor as a Basic Element of Nazi Persecution: Germany, Austria, and the Occupied Polish Territories (1938â1943)".
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Between March and December 1942, the Germans deported some 434,500 Jews, and an indeterminate number of Poles and Roma (Gypsies) to Belzec, to be killed.
1812:
1115:
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seems to me almost a comedy compared to this. They don't call Auschwitz the camp of annihilation for nothing!" The distinction was evident during the
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programme – the systematic murder of German, Austrian and Polish hospital patients with mental or physical disabilities authorized by
9076:
8127:
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were "unable to endure wading through blood any longer" and went mad or killed themselves, but he gives no specific numbers to support this claim.
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8151:
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7326:
7043:
5262:
1909:
6200:
3752:
3609:
2390:
9679:
9235:
8397:
7822:
7420:
7024:
3218:
3158:
2232:
1267:
March of new arrivals along the SS barracks at Birkenau toward the gas chambers near crematoria II and III, 27 May 1944. (Photograph from the
1060:
The Nazis deceived the victims upon their arrival, telling them that they were at a temporary transit stop, and would soon continue to German
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7523:
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removed the corpses from the gas chambers, then extracted any gold teeth. Initially, the victims were buried in mass graves, but were later
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1438:. They burned bodies 24 hours a day, and yet the death rate was at times so high that corpses also needed to be burned in open-air pits.
1228:
gas chambers) and was shown the unloading of 45 train cars filled with 6,700 Jews, many already dead. The rest were marched naked to the
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they were deported to the extermination camps under the guise of "resettlement". For political and logistical reasons, the most infamous
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indicates some 700,000 killed by 31 December 1942, yet the camp functioned until 1943, hence the true death total likely is greater.
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near Auschwitz I where mostly Poles were killed. The Jewish victims of the Holocaust were mostly killed at Auschwitz II Birkenau.
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905:. On top of that, the new death camps outside of Germany's prewar borders could be kept secret from the German civil populace.
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1984:
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1875:, to kill 1,558 mental patients delivered from sanatoria. Lange used his experience with exhaust gasses in setting up the
640:
burned the bodies of victims in the fire pits at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, when the crematoria were overloaded. (August 1944)
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2516:] (in Polish), Muzeum â Miejsce PamiÄci w BeĆĆŒcu (National BeĆĆŒec Museum & Monument of Martyrdom), archived from
1220:, told a Swedish diplomat during the war, about life in a death camp. He recounted that on 19 August 1942, he arrived at
1009:, but they were later exhumed and incinerated in open-air pyres to hide the evidence of genocide in what became known as
817:
1130:
9794:
8032:
7596:
7070:
6135:
5002:
3709:
A recent study reduced the estimated number of deaths at Majdanek, in: Pawel P. Reszka, "Majdanek Victims Enumerated",
2507:
2449:
2143:
9522:
9371:
4249:
Early Camps, Youth Camps, and Concentration Camps and Subcamps under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA)
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territory of occupied Poland. Notably, the order preceded the Wannsee Conference by three months, but the gassings at
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designed exclusively for that purpose. The mass killing facilities were developed at about the same time inside the
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2019:. Washington, D.C.: Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 43â44.
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762:, which were prison camps set up prior to World War II for people defined as 'undesirable'. From March 1936, all
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1953:
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1423:
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578:. The camp at BeĆĆŒec was operational by March 1942, with leadership brought in from Germany under the guise of
550:
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42:
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2238:. Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies. Document size 33.1 KB. Archived from
828:?", he replied, "They were normal concentration camps, from the point of view of the department of Eichmann."
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3275:, p. 304. Compare with H. Abraham, "History of Israel and the nations in the era of Holocaust and uprising"
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1021:
980:
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In the early years of World War II, the Jews were primarily sent to forced labour camps and ghettoised, but
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The camps designed specifically for the mass gassings of Jews were established in the months following the
275:
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63:
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4162:. Translation Constantine FitzGibbon. Cleveland and New York: The World Publishing Company. pp. 1â311
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The remnants of "Crematorium II" used in Auschwitz-Birkenau between March 1943 and its destruction by the
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Pfannenstiel, his eyes glued to a window in the wooden door. Furious, Captain Wirth lashes the Ukrainian (
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comforted older children who might cry "because of the strangeness of being undressed in this fashion".
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The Holocaust by Bullets: A Priest's Journey to Uncover the Truth Behind the Murder of 1.5 Million Jews
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294:
259:
69:
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who found the body of his wife, yet continued to drag corpses along "as though nothing had happened".
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Death camps were designed specifically for the systematic killing of people delivered en masse by the
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remaining camps, etc.), Nazi photographs and films of the killings, and camp administration records.
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disproven by surviving German documents, which show that Jews were sent to the camps to be murdered.
976:
821:
673:
586: (OT). By mid-1942, two more death camps had been built on Polish lands for Operation Reinhard:
255:
4091:
3976:"New Survey by Claims Conference Finds Significant Lack of Holocaust Knowledge in the United States"
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to help with the extermination process by removing corpses from the gas chambers and burning them.
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35:
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The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939âMarch 1942
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led to the construction of three buildings with crematoria designed by specialists from the firm
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The idea of mass extermination with the use of stationary facilities, to which the victims were
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4181:'Turning the tap on was no big deal': the gassing doctors during the Nazi period and afterwards
4156:
Commandant of Auschwitz. The Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess with an Introduction by Lord Russett
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was used to exterminate trainloads of prisoners under the guise of "relocation", the camps at
664:) were interchangeable in the Nazi system, each referring to camps whose primary function was
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1166:, tested out an idea. At Auschwitz clothes infested with lice were treated with crystallised
855:
Irrespective of round-ups for extermination camps, the Nazis abducted millions of foreigners
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987:(October 1941 – November 1943), used lethal exhaust fumes produced by large
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1773:
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246:, either in permanent installations constructed for this specific purpose, or by means of
8:
9924:
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thereafter. Widmann conducted first gassing experiments in the East in September 1941 in
1693:
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309:
31:
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6431:
5082:
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2596:
2292:
948:, before being used elsewhere. The killing method was based on experience gained by the
278:
was also used at the Auschwitz and Majdanek death camps. Millions were also murdered in
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is organized in Poland annually since 1988. Marchers come from countries as diverse as
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In all, the Germans and their auxiliaries killed at least 170,000 people at SobibĂłr.
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1012:
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581:
513:
231:
8871:
7896:
7459:
6810:
4247:(2009a). "The Genesis and Structure of the National Socialist Concentration Camps".
3631:
3030:
on 4 June 2011 – via University of the West of England, Faculty of Humanities.
1430:, the corpses were incinerated on pyres. The efficiency of industrialised murder at
9899:
9015:
8903:
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8572:
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5908:
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3057:
1738:
1721:
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290:
46:
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was captured nearly intact due to the rapid advance of the Soviet Red Army during
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3024:
Hitler's Foreign Workers: Enforced Foreign Labor in Germany under the Third Reich
2336:
2264:
2179:
2129:
1872:
1852:
1686:
1268:
1245:
1225:
1150:
1135:
1054:
894:
880:
837:
787:
774:(the Skull Units, SS-TV), who operated extermination camps from 1941 as well. An
746:
Death camps differed from concentration camps located in Germany proper, such as
644:
The Nazis distinguished between extermination and concentration camps. The terms
527:
474:
450:
317:
305:
243:
219:
191:
87:
549: – to start immediate construction work on the killing centre at
8991:
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5312:
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4123:
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1286:
1086:
March to the gas chambers, one of Sonderkommando photographs taken secretly at
1069:
925:
799:
726:
635:
609:
517:
488:
313:
9799:
6760:
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1864:
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779:
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slave labourers each. The Jewish men, women and children were delivered from
710:
575:
458:
441:
239:
79:
6825:
4334:
4093:
Balkan Strongmen: Dictators and Authoritarian Rulers of South Eastern Europe
3742:""Operation Reinhard": Extermination Camps of Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka"
2517:
481:", based on the systematic murder of Europe's Jews by gassing, began during
9723:
9674:
9268:
8999:
8533:
8443:
7065:
6930:
6885:
6835:
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937:
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223:
183:
114:
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1776:
survey found that 40 percent of 14-year-olds in Germany did not know what
562:
9684:
9621:
8911:
8623:
8616:
8228:
7355:
7238:
6785:
6631:
6601:
6445:
6320:
5999:
5516:
5133:
4987:
4226:
Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century
4062:
4012:"Nearly half of Canadians can't name a single concentration camp: survey"
3301:
3253:
1789:
1701:
1411:
1229:
1107:
1049:
998:
964:. There were two types of death chambers operating during the Holocaust.
933:
898:
890:
751:
4086:
Cox, John K. (2007). "Ante PaveliÄ and the UstaĆĄa State in Croatia". In
3934:"Auschwitz-Birkenau: 4 out of 10 German students don't know what it was"
8919:
8498:
8459:
8040:
7936:
7515:
6775:
6525:
6488:
6414:
6304:
6142:
5988:
5823:
5596:
5374:
4244:
4199:
4175:
3916:"The History of the Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation (CDJC)"
2304:(Abridged ed.). HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 293â294 / 507.
1733:
1357:
1244:
was making great efforts to get the engine running. But it doesn't go.
961:
847:
343:
329:
301:
74:
8236:
3686:
In total, the SS and the police killed some 152,000 people in CheĆmno.
9935:
9735:
8477:
8466:
7944:
7603:
6955:
6636:
6272:
6068:
5828:
5634:
3259:
3026:. Compiled by S. D. Stein. Cambridge University Press. Archived from
1250:
1215:
1171:
1106:, trainloads of prisoners were murdered immediately after arrival in
972:
955:
851:
Mass deportations: the pan-European routes to the extermination camps
716:
600:
496:
429:
298:
283:
5489:
4350:
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka. Holocaust Denial and Operation Reinhard.
897:, where most of the intended victims lived; Poland had the greatest
9244:
Defense for Children International â Palestine et al v. Biden et al
8540:
8519:
8491:
8436:
7301:
6626:
6591:
6333:
5354:
5154:
2654:
The Healing Wound: Experiences and Reflections on Germany 1938â1941
1677:
1657:
1414:
and the ashes either buried, scattered, or dumped in the river. At
1276:
1275:
Auschwitz Camp Commandant Rudolf Höss reported that the first time
1175:
968:
813:
783:
665:
227:
41:"Death factory" and "Deathcamp" redirect here. For other uses, see
3820:
9631:
6077:
3975:
3866:"Browning: Evidence for the Implementation of the Final Solution"
3865:
1880:
1697:
473:
along with other targeted groups, including Roma, and the Soviet
247:
4354:
3425:
3413:
457:), a Nazi designation for people who they considered to have no
8607:
6497:
6353:
6050:
5864:
4115:
2686:
2213:
from the original on 11 July 2011 – via Internet Archive.
2181:
Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany, c. 1900 to 1945
2131:
Unanswered Questions: Nazi Germany and the Genocide of the Jews
1709:
1705:
436:
4331:
Essays, Documents, Reproductions. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
4044:
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps
2483:
The Holocaust: Selected Documents in Eighteen Volumes. Vol. 11
1283:
According to Höss, enslaved prisoners, euphemistically called
8172:
7830:
7060:
5229:
2417:"The Development of the Gas-Van in the Murdering of the Jews"
1863:). The first gas van manufactured in Berlin, was used by the
1860:
1020:
The six camps considered to be purely for extermination were
297:
with chemically manufactured poison gas during the secretive
2980:
Beyer, John C; Schneider, Stephen A (2006). "Introduction".
2683:"Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum in OĆwiÄcim, Poland"
1636:
slave laborers stand next to a bone crushing machine at the
1005:. At first, the victims' bodies were buried with the use of
612:
from T4, the only doctor to have served in such a capacity.
9846:
7270:
4255:. Vol. 1. Indiana University Press. pp. 183â196.
3493:"The means of mass murder at Auschwitz: Gassing Operations"
1985:"The Implementation of the Final Solution: The Death Camps"
1159:
the cost of transporting the carbon monoxide in cylinders.
462:
235:
3020:"The Army of Millions of the Modern Slave State (extract)"
2393:. Los Angeles: The Simon Wiesenthal Center. Archived from
2271:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 185.
2207:"Otwock & the Zofiowka Sanatorium: A Refuge from Hell"
816:
as such. Then, when asked, "How do you classify the camps
9109:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
6019:
2078:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC
1780:
was. A 2018 survey organized in the United States by the
3461:
2537:
1621:
1197:
Criticism of Holocaust denial § Use of gas chambers
1077:
997:
were constructed predominantly for the extermination of
242:. The victims of death camps were primarily murdered by
3499:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 20 June 2014
3127:
2458:
1818:
List of Nazi extermination camps and euthanasia centers
1179:
prisoners via mass shooting, starvation, torture, etc.
949:
133:
83:
5747:
3892:
Dear General: Eisenhower's Wartime Letters to Marshall
3802:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
2577:"The Construction of the Treblinka Extermination Camp"
2269:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
2073:
735:
for "special treatment" in an atmosphere of terror by
616:
was fitted with brand new gas chambers in March 1942.
419:
Two of the four crematoria at Auschwitz II (Birkenau).
9220:
International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine
7759:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
3191:. London Jewish Cultural Centre. 2011. Archived from
2929:. Holocaust-history.org. 2 March 1999. Archived from
2629:
1681:
infamous Nazi death camp, Auschwitz near the town of
1640:(photo taken in August 1944, after camp's liberation)
27:
Nazi death camps established to systematically murder
9188:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur
4345:
Official U.S. National Archive Footage of Nazi camps
3473:
2544:
Remembering Survival: Inside a Nazi Slave-Labor Camp
2441:
Remembering Survival: Inside a Nazi Slave-Labor Camp
1991:. Yad Vashem, The World Holocaust Remembrance Center
1356:
As a matter of political training, some high-ranked
82:
map: The six Nazi extermination camps set up by the
4340:
The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
4129:
Holocaust Journey: Travelling in search of the past
3523:
3511:
3449:
3437:
2209:. Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team.
2055:
1813:
German camps in occupied Poland during World War II
1788:, and others found that 66 percent of the American
723:mostly from Soviet Ukraine, and up to one thousand
4285:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
3370:Stackelberg, Roderick; Winkle, Sally Anne (2002).
3342:
3159:"Aktion Reinhard: Belzec, Sobibor & Treblinka"
3139:
2989:. Nathan Associates. pp. 3â17. Archived from
2597:"Dr Irmfried Eberl (1910â1948): mass murdering MD"
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2030:
1048:hours of their arrival. All were constructed near
4170:– via direct download: 16.7 MB from Scribd.
4068:The Holocaust: origins, implementation, aftermath
3369:
2927:"Diary of Johann Paul Kremer (September 5, 1942)"
1833:War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II
1715:
9949:
9077:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
8823:
3813:
3751:, pp. 205â239 (26/30 of current document),
2177:
394:
357:
90:, are marked with white skulls in black squares.
8017:German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs
5522:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
3988:"Holocaust Is Fading From Memory, Survey Finds"
3552:
3287:"Auschwitz: The Nazis and the Final Solution",
2878:. Cornell University Press. pp. 9, 20â33.
2547:. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 54, 65.
2217:
2013:Forced and Slave Labor in Nazi-Dominated Europe
1859:, chief chemist of the German Criminal Police (
376:
350:
7026:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
3231:. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House.
2979:
2718:
2705:Yad Vashem, World Holocaust Remembrance Center
2167:. Community Television of Southern California.
1410:At Auschwitz, the corpses were incinerated in
1094:At the camps of Operation Reinhard, including
9284:
8310:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
7286:
6035:
5882:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
4370:
4335:Holocaust and concentration camps information
3894:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
3485:
3177:
3113:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 170.
2574:
2031:Gellately, Robert; Stoltzfus, Nathan (2001).
1672:In the post-war period the government of the
782:, after witnessing the gassing of victims at
9298:
7214:
7205:
7045:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark
6726:
6717:
6706:
6650:
6641:
6523:
6514:
6495:
6486:
6460:
6429:
6270:
6261:
6222:
6198:
6157:
6147:
6133:
6084:
6075:
6066:
4253:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933â1945
3732:
3730:
3728:
2798:Black, Peter R (2006). Bankir, David (ed.).
2568:
2531:
2514:Historia Niemieckiego Obozu ZagĆady w BeĆĆŒcu
2444:. W W Norton & Company. pp. 53â54.
2325:
2257:
2024:
1884:
1742:
1731:
1646:
1631:
1402:
1395:
1380:
1370:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1236:
1213:
1202:
1148:
1067:
1061:
1010:
992:
953:
803:
767:
724:
708:
700:
659:
649:
633:
604:
591:
579:
570:
535:
494:
486:
213:
203:
9196:International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh
8936:PostâWorld War II Romanian war crime trials
5581:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
3291:television channel, 18:00, 18 November 2013
3109:Desbois, Patrick (2008). "Operation 1005".
3066:To Save a Life: Stories of Holocaust Rescue
2291:
2285:
2158:
1910:"World War II and the Holocaust, 1939â1945"
908:
786:, wrote in his diary on 2 September 1942: "
9587:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
9291:
9277:
9143:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
7293:
7279:
6042:
6028:
4377:
4363:
3372:The Nazi Sourcebook: An Anthology of Texts
3283:
3281:
3056:
2844:
2838:
2757:. UK: David & Charles. pp. 168â.
2485:. The official U.S. government translation
2476:
2431:
2230:
1125:
917:Jewish children during deportation to the
62:
30:For other Nazi internment facilities, see
7766:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
7015:German National Movement in Liechtenstein
3725:
3703:
3562:. Indiana University Press. p. 199.
3084:
2801:Police Auxiliaries for Operation Reinhard
2732:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2693:
2641:
2594:
2502:
2500:
2388:
2341:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 188â189.
2263:
1960:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1912:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1170:. The crystals were made to order by the
967:Unlike at Auschwitz, where cyanide-based
590:(ready in May 1942) under the command of
304:programme against hospital patients with
3908:
3854:
3765:
3265:
3213:
3062:"Conditions for Polish Jews During WWII"
2983:Forced Labour under Third Reich â Part 1
2975:
2973:
2509:History of the Belzec extermination camp
2437:
2331:
2171:
2099:"The Ten Worst Nazi Concentration Camps"
1725:
1625:
1262:
1129:
1081:
912:
846:
627:
7638:Indigenous peoples in the United States
4122:
3950:
3940:from the original on 28 September 2017.
3831:
3546:
3400:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3278:
3108:
3017:
3011:
2750:
2744:
2470:
2096:
2074:Holocaust Encyclopedia (20 June 2014).
1786:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
439: – was initiated by the
14:
9950:
4222:
4061:
4009:
3771:
3340:
2919:
2754:A New Illustrated History of the Nazis
2647:
2604:The Israel Medical Association Journal
2497:
2479:"Wannsee Protocol of January 20, 1942"
2067:
2009:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1867:between 21 May and 8 June 1940 at the
45:. For the 2015 American rap song, see
9272:
9173:
9054:
8822:
8799:Mass killings under communist regimes
8324:
8087:
7782:
7443:
7323:
7274:
6023:
5746:
5567:
5198:
4689:
4688:
4358:
4269:
4243:
4018:from the original on 27 January 2019.
3985:
3936:. Deutsche Welle. 28 September 2017.
3889:
3679:
3661:
3607:
3479:
3345:The Crime and Punishment of IG Farben
2970:
2951:
2871:
2865:
2848:The SS: Hitler's Instrument of Terror
2797:
2791:
2127:
2061:
1622:Dismantling and attempted concealment
1078:Concentration and extermination camps
479:Final Solution of the Jewish Question
8748:Terminology of the Armenian genocide
7032:National Socialist Movement of Chile
5169:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
4299:
4198:
4174:
4149:
4037:
3860:
3795:
3758:from the original on 18 March 2009,
3736:
3540:
3517:
3467:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3419:
3300:
3145:
3133:
2635:
2464:
2391:"Responses to Revisionist Arguments"
2298:Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933â1945
2204:
2198:
2152:
1506:23 July 1942 â 19 October 1943
1212:of the Institute for Hygiene of the
8984:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia
5974:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
4283:Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp
4085:
3998:from the original on 18 April 2018.
3982:from the original on 12 April 2018.
3803:"March of the Living International"
3559:Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp
2161:"Nazi Ideology and the Camp System"
2097:Russell, Shahan (12 October 2015).
1972:
1582:16 May 1942 â 17 October 1943
545: – anticipating the
250:. The six extermination camps were
24:
7071:World Union of National Socialists
6232:Adolf Hitler's cult of personality
6136:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte
5568:
4194:– via Google Books' snippet.
3837:
3637:"Reinhard: Treblinka Deportations"
3388:
3041:"The evacuation of Jews to Poland"
2804:. Enigma Books. pp. 331â348.
1364:
1044:(also called Auschwitz-Birkenau).
692:(also called Auschwitz-Birkenau).
25:
9984:
9930:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
7117:Last surviving war crime suspects
4384:
4321:
3956:"German TV Is Sanitizing History"
1528:17 March 1942 â end of June 1943
1189:The Holocaust § Gas chambers
715:, augmented by about one hundred
603:(operational by July 1942) under
569:began already in December, under
9582:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
9174:
9055:
8325:
8088:
7783:
7444:
7257:
7256:
7107:Nazi Party leaders and officials
5537:Polish leaders and intellectuals
5027:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
4032:Bibliography of Genocide studies
4010:Stober, Eric (26 January 2019).
3840:"Holocaust Denial: A Definition"
3306:"I, the Commandant of Auschwitz"
3185:"Deportation and transportation"
2595:Strous MD, Rael D (April 2009).
2438:Browning, Christopher R (2011).
2165:Auschwitz: Inside the Nazi State
2034:Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany
1667:
1469:Primary means for mass killings
1342:
1324:
1147:claimed in his memoir that many
924:During the initial phase of the
893:killing factories were built in
342:
218:), in Central Europe, primarily
73:
7597:Indigenous peoples in Australia
7324:
7229:Political views of Adolf Hitler
4327:The Holocaust History Project,
4025:
4003:
3986:Astor, Maggie (12 April 2018).
3968:
3944:
3926:
3883:
3691:
3673:
3655:
3624:
3601:
3576:
3363:
3334:
3294:
3207:
3151:
3102:
3050:
3034:
2945:
2851:. Zenith Imprint. p. 101.
2675:
2409:
2382:
2121:
1855:is attributed by historians to
1845:
1823:"Polish death camp" controversy
1193:Gas chamber § Nazi Germany
991:. The three killing centres of
936:were developed in the occupied
234:people – mostly
8513:Genocide of indigenous peoples
8112:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
7413:Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate
7122:Speeches given by Adolf Hitler
5465:Attack on the twentieth convoy
5278:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
4184:. Vol. 2. Dachau Review.
3890:Hobbs, Joseph Patrick (1999).
3584:"Killing Centers: An Overview"
2726:"Killing Centers: An Overview"
2477:Mendelsohn, John, ed. (1945).
2419:. Jewish Virtual Library. 2006
2090:
2003:
1954:"Killing Centers: An Overview"
1946:
1924:
1902:
1716:The camps and Holocaust denial
1604:1 October 1941 â 22 July 1944
428:in September 1939, the secret
43:Death Factory (disambiguation)
13:
1:
9228:Ukraine v. Russian Federation
7532:Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate
7056:Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)
4329:Quick Facts on the Holocaust.
4281:; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.).
4275:"Gas Chambers and Crematoria"
3349:. New York City: Free Press.
3314:Carroll & Graf Publishers
3203:– via Internet Archive.
2956:. Penguin. pp. 356â357.
2751:Minerbi, Alessandra (2005) .
1896:
1851:The development of homicidal
1591:Carbon monoxide gas chambers
1555:8 December 1941 â March 1943,
1542:Carbon monoxide gas chambers
1515:Carbon monoxide gas chambers
623:
620:had them built in September.
323:
9598:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
9592:German Earth and Stone Works
9159:CroatiaâSerbia genocide case
8960:Nuremberg Military Tribunals
8806:Anti-communist mass killings
7540:Indigenous peoples in Canada
7476:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
7300:
7097:Bibliography of Adolf Hitler
6380:Aestheticization of politics
5802:Jewish war conspiracy theory
4993:Extermination through labour
4229:. Rowman & Littlefield.
4047:. Indiana University Press.
3821:"March of the Living Canada"
3760:The Attempt to Remove Traces
3713:, Lublin, 12 December 2005,
3639:. Nizkor.org. Archived from
3434:, pp. 164â165, 322â323.
3422:, pp. 164â165, 321â322.
2583:. Jewish Virtual Library.org
1767:
1585:General Government district
1557:June 1944 â 18 January 1945
1509:General Government district
1466:Current country of location
1042:Auschwitz extermination camp
1034:Treblinka extermination camp
614:Auschwitz concentration camp
534:received an oral order from
339:
293:, was the result of earlier
276:Extermination through labour
7:
9743:Disciplinary and Penal Code
9093:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal
8261:National Population Program
7037:National Socialist Movement
7005:Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)
5984:Righteous Among the Nations
5199:
4670:Righteous Among the Nations
4100:: Purdue University Press.
3978:. Claims Conference. 2018.
3749:Yad Vashem Studies XVI
2845:Williamson, Gordon (2004).
2159:Bergen, Doris (2004â2005).
1807:Outline of genocide studies
1800:
1674:People's Republic of Poland
1638:Janowska concentration camp
1608:General Government district
1600:
1578:
1551:
1524:
1502:
1480:
1182:
1120:Majdanek concentration camp
1038:Majdanek extermination camp
989:internal combustion engines
737:uniformed police battalions
10:
9989:
9008:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
8952:Hamburg RavensbrĂŒck trials
8778:Effects on young survivors
8213:Sabra and Shatila massacre
7051:Nordic Resistance Movement
6189:National Socialist Program
6049:
5721:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
5691:Lithuanian Security Police
5610:Reich Security Main Office
4577:Evidence and documentation
4208:. London: Michael Joseph.
4142:– via Google Books.
4029:
3556:; Gutman, Yisrael (1998).
3374:. Routledge. p. 354.
3308:. In Lewis, Jon E. (ed.).
2039:Princeton University Press
1877:CheĆmno extermination camp
1804:
1741:for delivering prisoners (
1719:
1487:Province of Upper Silesia
1441:
1186:
1030:Sobibor extermination camp
1022:CheĆmno extermination camp
942:CheĆmno extermination camp
919:CheĆmno extermination camp
870:
866:
327:
70:Sobibor extermination camp
40:
29:
9917:
9837:
9830:
9787:
9695:Identification of inmates
9667:
9614:
9574:
9306:
9182:
9063:
8976:Ulm Einsatzkommando trial
8944:Supreme National Tribunal
8834:
8815:
8725:
8647:
8550:
8428:
8335:
8098:
7793:
7555:Residential school system
7454:
7334:
7308:
7254:
7162:
7136:
7088:
7020:Nasjonal Samling (Norway)
6988:
6945:
6860:
6740:
6369:
6173:
6057:
5937:Books and other resources
5924:
5840:
5769:
5765:
5742:
5676:
5648:
5589:
5576:
5563:
5502:
5450:
5403:
5340:
5310:
5248:
5220:
5211:
5207:
5194:
5152:
5111:
5063:
5049:
5011:
4970:
4870:
4827:
4705:
4701:
4684:
4600:
4569:
4469:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
4396:
4392:
4239:– via Google Books.
4218:– via Google Books.
4205:The Drowned and the Saved
4118:– via Google Books.
4081:– via Google Books.
3870:Holocaust Denial on Trial
3255:ĐĐŸĐČĐ”ŃŃĐž, ŃĐ°ŃŃĐșĐ°Đ·Ń, ĐŸŃĐ”ŃĐșĐž
3047:. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
2872:Stein, George H. (1984).
2814:– via Google Books.
2389:Breitbart, Aaron (1997).
2178:Michael Burleigh (1994).
2037:. Princeton, New Jersey:
1869:Soldau concentration camp
1224:(which was equipped with
1222:BeĆĆŒec extermination camp
1026:BeĆĆŒec extermination camp
1011:
960:programme of involuntary
808:camps, and he identified
580:
151:
139:
128:
120:
110:
95:
61:
56:
9958:Nazi extermination camps
9300:Nazi concentration camps
7847:Christians in Diyarbekir
6961:Nazi concentration camps
6477:Economic interventionism
6439:Jewish conspiracy theory
6242:Night of the Long Knives
6218:Religion in Nazi Germany
5527:People with disabilities
5460:Aid and Rescue Committee
4303:Auschwitz: A New History
3396:"At the Killing Centers"
3252:Originally published as
3018:Herbert, Ulrich (1997).
2128:Furet, François (1989).
1838:
1730:Documentary evidence: A
1484:May 1940 â January 1945
1369:After the gassings, the
909:Pure extermination camps
802:) was asked to name the
764:Nazi concentration camps
523:On 13 October 1941, the
477:. The Nazi's so-called "
471:Nazi concentration camps
57:Nazi extermination camps
36:Nazi concentration camps
9905:Soviet prisoners of war
9637:SS construction brigade
8785:Politics of recognition
7340:Destruction of Carthage
7066:Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)
5668:Order Police battalions
4300:Rees, Laurence (2006).
4098:West Lafayette, Indiana
3699:Holocaust Encyclopedia.
3341:Borkin, Joseph (1978).
3189:The Holocaust Explained
2952:Overy, Richard (2002).
2581:Yad Vashem Studies, XVI
2539:Christopher R. Browning
2333:Browning, Christopher R
1126:Extermination procedure
467:confined to new ghettos
445:in order to eliminate "
286:, or directly on site.
9236:South Africa v. Israel
9204:Rohingya genocide case
8741:Names of the Holocaust
8205:Chittagong Hill Tracts
7913:Kinder der Landstrasse
7799:Late Ottoman genocides
7215:
7206:
6727:
6718:
6707:
6682:Social interventionism
6651:
6642:
6524:
6515:
6510:Greater Germanic Reich
6496:
6487:
6461:
6430:
6271:
6262:
6223:
6199:
6194:Hitler's rise to power
6158:
6148:
6134:
6099:League of German Girls
6085:
6076:
6067:
5517:Soviet urban residents
4608:International response
4582:Contemporary knowledge
3720:ZdzisĆaw Ćukaszkiewicz
3588:encyclopedia.ushmm.org
3497:Holocaust Encyclopedia
3096:encyclopedia.ushmm.org
3045:Jewish Virtual Library
2730:Holocaust Encyclopedia
2575:Kenneth McVay (1984).
1958:Holocaust Encyclopedia
1885:
1795:German-occupied Europe
1752:
1743:
1732:
1647:
1641:
1632:
1615:Zyklon B gas chambers
1601:at least 80,000
1493:Zyklon B gas chambers
1436:J. A. Topf & Söhne
1403:
1396:
1381:
1371:
1300:
1293:
1285:
1272:
1261:
1237:
1214:
1203:
1149:
1139:
1091:
1068:
1062:
993:
954:
921:
903:Nazi-controlled Europe
852:
804:
768:
725:
709:
701:
660:
650:
641:
634:
605:
592:
571:
536:
505:on the Eastern Front.
495:
487:
454:
214:
204:
195:
100:German-occupied Europe
9887:Sonder- und Ehrenhaft
9805:SchutzhaftlagerfĂŒhrer
9101:Bosnian genocide case
8755:Holocaust terminology
8398:Christians under ISIS
8136:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
7565:1740 Batavia massacre
7389:Harrying of the North
6976:Human experimentation
6672:Reactionary modernism
6617:Anti-Slavic sentiment
6344:Human experimentation
6078:Geheime Staatspolizei
5964:Memorials and museums
5902:Reparations Agreement
5897:Holocaust restitution
5475:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
4998:Human experimentation
4837:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
4223:Mojzes, Paul (2011).
4088:Fischer, Bernd JĂŒrgen
4071:. London: Routledge.
3862:Browning, Christopher
2321:on 18 September 2018.
1755:Holocaust deniers or
1729:
1629:
1569:Carbon monoxide vans
1266:
1234:
1143:Auschwitz Commandant
1133:
1116:forced labour complex
1112:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
1085:
952:during the secretive
916:
850:
631:
447:life unworthy of life
310:physical disabilities
238: – in
9842:Prisoner functionary
9649:Politische Abteilung
9604:SS-TotenkopfverbÀnde
9252:Nicaragua v. Germany
9151:Khmer Rouge Tribunal
8527:Utilitarian genocide
8506:Transgender genocide
7873:Osage Indian murders
7573:Great Gypsy Round-up
7010:German American Bund
6390:Anti-intellectualism
6237:Enabling Act of 1933
5164:Jewish Ghetto Police
5033:Politische Abteilung
4928:Risiera di San Sabba
4789:Natzweiler-Struthof
3643:on 23 September 2013
3616:on 31 January 2010.
3470:, pp. 320, 328.
2689:on 10 December 2008.
2610:(4). IMAJ: 216â218.
2205:Webb, Chris (2009).
2103:WarHistoryOnline.com
2076:"Gassing Operations"
1562:Reichsgau Wartheland
932:producing poisonous
861:other types of camps
770:SS-TotenkopfverbÀnde
766:were managed by the
703:SS-TotenkopfverbÀnde
525:SS and Police Leader
503:Operation Barbarossa
455:Lebensunwertes Leben
400:Crematorium III
295:Nazi experimentation
145:SS-TotenkopfverbÀnde
9968:Holocaust locations
9925:Der Ort des Terrors
9874:Political prisoners
9864:Jehovah's Witnesses
9489:Natzweiler-Struthof
8638:Settler colonialism
8587:Forced assimilation
8293:Srebrenica massacre
8065:Chechens and Ingush
7823:Thracian Bulgarians
7669:Sand Creek massacre
7630:Siege of Tripolitsa
7381:Ancestral Puebloans
7137:Role and impact in
7000:American Nazi Party
6451:Cult of personality
6420:Class collaboration
6330:Extermination camps
6316:Concentration camps
6257:Anti-Comintern Pact
5942:Days of remembrance
5855:Holocaust survivors
5850:Depopulated shtetls
5701:Rollkommando Hamann
5547:Jehovah's Witnesses
5365:Kamianets-Podilskyi
4427:Bohemia and Moravia
3136:, pp. 152â153.
3060:(26 October 2004).
2657:. Norton. pp.
2467:, pp. 53, 148.
2245:on 15 December 2017
2231:Yad Vashem (2013).
1694:March of the Living
1662:Operation Bagration
1633:Sonderkommando 1005
1463:Occupied territory
739:from both Orpo and
493:, who followed the
382:Crematorium II
280:concentration camps
188:extermination camps
32:Types of Nazi camps
9117:Slobodan MiloĆĄeviÄ
8968:Erich von Manstein
8580:Extermination camp
8341:Effacer le tableau
8104:Hyderabadi Muslims
8049:Nanshitou Massacre
8033:Muslims and Croats
7735:Hamidian massacres
7622:Al-Jawazi massacre
7612:Stolen Generations
7315:list by death toll
7224:German Romanticism
7112:Nazi Party members
6966:Extermination camp
6359:Racial segregation
6087:Deutsches Jungvolk
5925:History and memory
5829:Forced euthanasia
5777:Nazi racial policy
5480:Danish underground
5327:Operation Reinhard
5322:Wannsee Conference
4306:. Public Affairs.
3992:The New York Times
3838:Mathis, Andrew E.
3554:Berenbaum, Michael
3220:The Treblinka Hell
3195:on 13 January 2015
2520:on 29 October 2015
1753:
1642:
1533:General Government
1476:AuschwitzâBirkenau
1432:Auschwitz-Birkenau
1389:Operation Reinhard
1335:on 20 January 1945
1273:
1140:
1092:
1055:railway transports
1007:crawler excavators
985:Operation Reinhard
940:(USSR) and at the
922:
873:The Final Solution
853:
719: –
646:extermination camp
642:
555:General Government
510:Wannsee Conference
483:Operation Reinhard
426:invasion of Poland
272:Auschwitz-Birkenau
226:to systematically
172:Auschwitz-Birkenau
9945:
9944:
9913:
9912:
9769:Arbeit macht frei
9266:
9265:
9262:
9261:
9169:
9168:
9050:
9049:
8896:Euthanasia trials
8816:Legal proceedings
8559:Cultural genocide
8485:Cultural genocide
8424:
8423:
8357:Masalit massacres
8320:
8319:
8221:Sri Lankan Tamils
8128:Arabs in Zanzibar
8083:
8082:
8001:Three Alls policy
7778:
7777:
7711:Putumayo genocide
7439:
7438:
7268:
7267:
6841:Strasser (Gregor)
6720:Volksgemeinschaft
6665:Völkisch movement
6660:Völkisch equality
6247:Nuremberg rallies
6208:German rearmament
6017:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6008:
5860:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
5807:Jewish emigration
5797:Hitler's prophecy
5792:Haavara Agreement
5738:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5726:Ypatingasis bƫrys
5623:Sicherheitsdienst
5559:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5498:
5497:
5418:Bielski partisans
5190:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5021:TotenkopfverbÀnde
4680:
4679:
4313:978-1-58648-357-9
4271:Piper, Franciszek
4262:978-0-253-35328-3
4236:978-1-4422-0663-2
4107:978-1-55753-455-2
4054:978-0-253-21305-1
3922:on 16 March 2015.
3781:. HarperCollins.
3778:Europe: A History
3569:978-0-253-20884-2
3381:978-0-415-22213-6
3356:978-0-02-904630-2
3327:978-0-7867-1533-6
3312:. New York City:
3242:on 6 October 2014
3120:978-0-2305-9456-2
3058:Land-Weber, Ellen
2996:on 24 August 2015
2963:978-0-14-028454-6
2701:"The Death Camps"
2668:978-0-393-04428-7
2638:, pp. 96â97.
2554:978-0-393-33887-4
2348:978-0-8032-0392-1
2311:978-0-06-177730-1
2295:(February 2009).
2293:FriedlÀnder, Saul
2278:978-0-19-280436-5
2233:"Aktion Reinhard"
2048:978-0-691-08684-2
1932:"The Death Camps"
1782:Claims Conference
1774:Körber Foundation
1649:Sonderaktion 1005
1619:
1618:
1383:Sonderaktion 1005
1013:Sonderaktion 1005
899:Jewish population
651:Vernichtungslager
582:Organisation Todt
514:Reinhard Heydrich
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
404:
403:
386:
385:
196:Vernichtungslager
181:
180:
16:(Redirected from
9980:
9835:
9834:
9820:Luftwaffe guards
9293:
9286:
9279:
9270:
9269:
9255:
9247:
9239:
9231:
9223:
9215:
9207:
9199:
9191:
9177:
9171:
9170:
9162:
9154:
9146:
9136:
9128:
9125:Radovan KaradĆŸiÄ
9120:
9112:
9104:
9096:
9088:
9085:Belgrade Process
9080:
9072:
9058:
9052:
9051:
9043:
9035:
9027:
9019:
9016:Treblinka trials
9011:
9003:
8995:
8987:
8979:
8971:
8963:
8955:
8947:
8939:
8931:
8923:
8915:
8907:
8899:
8891:
8883:
8875:
8867:
8859:
8856:Ăpuration lĂ©gale
8851:
8843:
8829:
8826:Holocaust trials
8820:
8819:
8808:
8801:
8794:
8787:
8780:
8773:
8766:
8757:
8750:
8743:
8736:
8718:
8711:
8704:
8697:
8690:
8683:
8676:
8667:
8660:
8640:
8633:
8626:
8619:
8610:
8603:
8596:
8589:
8582:
8575:
8573:Ethnic cleansing
8568:
8561:
8543:
8536:
8529:
8522:
8515:
8508:
8501:
8494:
8487:
8480:
8469:
8462:
8455:
8446:
8439:
8417:
8409:
8401:
8393:
8390:Shias under ISIS
8385:
8377:
8369:
8359:
8352:
8344:
8330:
8322:
8321:
8313:
8305:
8295:
8288:
8280:
8272:
8264:
8256:
8248:
8240:
8232:
8224:
8216:
8208:
8200:
8192:
8182:
8175:
8168:
8163:
8155:
8147:
8139:
8131:
8123:
8115:
8107:
8093:
8085:
8084:
8076:
8068:
8060:
8052:
8044:
8036:
8028:
8025:Serbs in Croatia
8020:
8012:
8004:
7996:
7988:
7985:Nanjing Massacre
7980:
7977:Parsley massacre
7972:
7969:Polish Operation
7964:
7961:Romani Holocaust
7956:
7948:
7940:
7932:
7924:
7916:
7908:
7905:NapalpĂ massacre
7900:
7892:
7884:
7876:
7868:
7858:
7850:
7842:
7834:
7826:
7816:
7809:
7801:
7788:
7780:
7779:
7769:
7761:
7754:
7746:
7738:
7730:
7722:
7714:
7706:
7698:
7690:
7682:
7672:
7664:
7656:
7648:
7640:
7633:
7625:
7615:
7607:
7599:
7592:
7584:
7576:
7568:
7558:
7550:
7542:
7535:
7527:
7519:
7511:
7503:
7495:
7487:
7479:
7471:
7463:
7449:
7441:
7440:
7432:
7424:
7416:
7408:
7400:
7397:Mongol conquests
7392:
7384:
7376:
7366:
7359:
7351:
7343:
7329:
7321:
7320:
7295:
7288:
7281:
7272:
7271:
7260:
7259:
7220:
7211:
7208:Drang nach Osten
7046:
7027:
6936:von Sebottendorf
6732:
6723:
6712:
6692:State capitalism
6677:Social Darwinism
6656:
6647:
6529:
6520:
6501:
6492:
6466:
6435:
6432:DolchstoĂlegende
6405:Authoritarianism
6300:Nuremberg trials
6276:
6267:
6228:
6204:
6163:
6153:
6139:
6090:
6081:
6072:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6021:
6020:
5909:Holocaust denial
5887:Nuremberg trials
5877:Postwar violence
5832:
5767:
5766:
5744:
5743:
5706:Special Brigades
5696:Nederlandsche SS
5663:Police Regiments
5587:
5586:
5565:
5564:
5425:Ghetto uprisings
5413:Jewish partisans
5360:Harvest Festival
5332:Holocaust trains
5218:
5217:
5209:
5208:
5196:
5195:
5061:
5060:
4957:
4935:
4917:
4898:
4880:
4703:
4702:
4686:
4685:
4394:
4393:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4317:
4296:
4266:
4240:
4219:
4195:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4146:
4119:
4082:
4058:
4020:
4019:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3983:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3954:(9 April 2018).
3948:
3942:
3941:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3918:. Archived from
3912:
3906:
3905:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3746:
3734:
3723:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3612:. Archived from
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3348:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3310:True War Stories
3298:
3292:
3285:
3276:
3269:
3263:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3235:. Archived from
3233:(online version)
3230:
3215:Grossman, Vasily
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3161:. Archived from
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3068:. Archived from
3054:
3048:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2988:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2815:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2768:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2685:. Archived from
2679:
2673:
2672:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2601:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2314:. Archived from
2303:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2265:Longerich, Peter
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2215:
2214:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2105:. Archived from
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1906:
1890:
1888:
1849:
1751:in November 1943
1746:
1739:consignment note
1737:
1722:Holocaust denial
1652:
1635:
1609:
1536:
1478:
1449:
1448:
1406:
1399:
1387:in all camps of
1386:
1374:
1346:
1328:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1259:
1240:
1238:UnterscharfĂŒhrer
1219:
1208:
1154:
1151:Einsatzkommandos
1073:
1065:
1016:
1015:
1003:the Nazi ghettos
996:
994:Einsatz Reinhard
959:
887:from 1942 onward
857:for slave labour
807:
796:Dieter Wisliceny
792:Nuremberg trials
773:
730:
714:
706:
697:Holocaust trains
663:
653:
639:
608:
595:
593:HauptsturmfĂŒhrer
585:
584:
574:
543:Heinrich Himmler
541:
500:
492:
469:and interned in
407:
396:
390:
389:
378:
372:
371:
368:
367:
359:
352:
347:
346:
337:
336:
217:
207:
77:
66:
54:
53:
47:Deathcamp (song)
21:
9988:
9987:
9983:
9982:
9981:
9979:
9978:
9977:
9948:
9947:
9946:
9941:
9909:
9895:"Race defilers"
9880:Nacht und Nebel
9826:
9783:
9776:Jedem das Seine
9663:
9610:
9570:
9302:
9297:
9267:
9258:
9250:
9242:
9234:
9226:
9218:
9212:Uyghur Tribunal
9210:
9202:
9194:
9186:
9178:
9175:
9165:
9157:
9149:
9141:
9131:
9123:
9115:
9107:
9099:
9091:
9083:
9075:
9067:
9059:
9056:
9046:
9038:
9032:Fedorenko trial
9030:
9022:
9014:
9006:
8998:
8990:
8982:
8974:
8966:
8958:
8950:
8942:
8934:
8928:Stutthof trials
8926:
8918:
8910:
8904:Nuremberg trial
8902:
8894:
8886:
8878:
8870:
8864:Majdanek trials
8862:
8854:
8846:
8840:Krasnodar trial
8838:
8830:
8824:
8811:
8804:
8797:
8790:
8783:
8776:
8769:
8762:
8753:
8746:
8739:
8732:
8721:
8714:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8679:
8672:
8663:
8656:
8643:
8636:
8629:
8622:
8615:
8606:
8599:
8592:
8585:
8578:
8571:
8564:
8557:
8546:
8539:
8532:
8525:
8518:
8511:
8504:
8497:
8490:
8483:
8476:
8465:
8458:
8451:
8442:
8435:
8420:
8412:
8404:
8396:
8388:
8380:
8372:
8366:Southern Kaduna
8364:
8355:
8347:
8339:
8331:
8326:
8316:
8308:
8300:
8291:
8283:
8275:
8267:
8259:
8251:
8243:
8235:
8227:
8219:
8211:
8203:
8195:
8187:
8178:
8171:
8166:
8158:
8150:
8142:
8134:
8126:
8118:
8110:
8102:
8094:
8089:
8079:
8071:
8063:
8055:
8047:
8039:
8031:
8023:
8015:
8007:
7999:
7991:
7983:
7975:
7967:
7959:
7953:Simele massacre
7951:
7943:
7935:
7927:
7919:
7911:
7903:
7895:
7887:
7879:
7871:
7863:
7853:
7845:
7837:
7829:
7821:
7812:
7804:
7797:
7789:
7784:
7774:
7764:
7757:
7749:
7743:Herero and Nama
7741:
7733:
7725:
7717:
7709:
7701:
7693:
7685:
7677:
7667:
7659:
7651:
7643:
7636:
7628:
7620:
7610:
7602:
7595:
7587:
7579:
7571:
7563:
7553:
7545:
7538:
7530:
7522:
7514:
7506:
7498:
7490:
7482:
7474:
7466:
7458:
7450:
7445:
7435:
7427:
7419:
7411:
7403:
7395:
7387:
7379:
7371:
7362:
7354:
7348:Asiatic Vespers
7346:
7338:
7330:
7325:
7312:
7304:
7299:
7269:
7264:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7234:Racial theories
7217:Generalplan Ost
7164:
7158:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7102:Nazi ideologues
7084:
7083:
7082:
7044:
7039:(United States)
7038:
7025:
6990:
6984:
6981:Romani genocide
6948:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6846:Strasser (Otto)
6736:
6735:
6734:
6709:Gleichschaltung
6702:Totalitarianism
6587:One-party state
6395:Anti-liberalism
6365:
6364:
6363:
6290:Tripartite Pact
6201:Machtergreifung
6169:
6168:
6167:
6053:
6048:
6018:
6005:
5920:
5836:
5830:
5819:Madagascar Plan
5812:Kindertransport
5761:
5760:
5730:
5672:
5644:
5629:Ordnungspolizei
5585:
5572:
5551:
5494:
5446:
5399:
5370:Maly Trostenets
5341:Mass executions
5336:
5306:
5244:
5203:
5178:
5148:
5107:
5045:
5007:
4966:
4955:
4933:
4915:
4896:
4878:
4866:
4823:
4697:
4676:
4596:
4587:Hidden children
4565:
4423:Czechoslovakia
4388:
4383:
4324:
4314:
4293:
4279:Gutman, Yisrael
4263:
4237:
4216:
4192:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4140:
4124:Gilbert, Martin
4108:
4079:
4055:
4034:
4028:
4023:
4014:. Global News.
4008:
4004:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3949:
3945:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3836:
3832:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3770:
3766:
3755:
3744:
3735:
3726:
3711:Gazeta Wyborcza
3708:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3678:
3674:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3551:
3547:
3539:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3299:
3295:
3286:
3279:
3270:
3266:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3107:
3103:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3055:
3051:
3039:
3035:
3016:
3012:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2908:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2827:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2796:
2792:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2599:
2586:
2584:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2521:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2397:on 3 April 2017
2387:
2383:
2371:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2312:
2301:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2218:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2184:. CUP Archive.
2176:
2172:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2138:. p. 182.
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2109:on 22 July 2019
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2041:. p. 216.
2029:
2025:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1873:occupied Poland
1850:
1846:
1841:
1809:
1803:
1770:
1724:
1718:
1687:Auschwitz cross
1670:
1624:
1607:
1556:
1531:
1474:
1456:
1444:
1367:
1365:Corpse disposal
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1269:Auschwitz Album
1260:
1257:
1226:carbon monoxide
1205:ObersturmfĂŒhrer
1199:
1185:
1136:Auschwitz Album
1128:
1080:
1070:Sonderkommandos
983:, built during
911:
895:occupied Poland
883:
881:Holocaust train
871:Main articles:
869:
788:Dante's Inferno
632:Members of the
626:
606:ObersturmfĂŒhrer
572:SturmbannfĂŒhrer
538:ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS
528:Odilo Globocnik
422:
421:
420:
417:
397:
379:
362:
361:
360:
354:
353:
341:
332:
326:
318:Jewish question
220:Occupied Poland
210:killing centers
198:), also called
104:occupied Poland
91:
88:occupied Poland
78:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9986:
9976:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9943:
9942:
9940:
9939:
9932:
9927:
9921:
9919:
9918:Historiography
9915:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9907:
9902:
9900:Roma and Sinti
9897:
9892:
9891:
9890:
9883:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9850:
9849:
9838:
9832:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9824:
9823:
9822:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9791:
9789:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9781:
9780:
9779:
9772:
9762:
9757:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9739:
9738:
9728:
9727:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9671:
9669:
9665:
9664:
9662:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9640:
9639:
9629:
9624:
9618:
9616:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9608:
9600:
9595:
9589:
9584:
9578:
9576:
9572:
9571:
9569:
9568:
9563:
9562:
9561:
9551:
9550:
9549:
9539:
9538:
9537:
9527:
9526:
9525:
9515:
9510:
9509:
9508:
9498:
9497:
9496:
9486:
9485:
9484:
9477:Mittelbau-Dora
9474:
9473:
9472:
9458:
9457:
9456:
9446:
9445:
9444:
9437:KrakĂłw-PĆaszĂłw
9434:
9433:
9432:
9422:
9421:
9420:
9410:
9409:
9408:
9398:
9397:
9396:
9388:
9387:
9386:
9376:
9375:
9374:
9364:
9363:
9362:
9352:
9351:
9350:
9340:
9339:
9338:
9328:
9327:
9326:
9316:
9310:
9308:
9304:
9303:
9296:
9295:
9288:
9281:
9273:
9264:
9263:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9256:
9248:
9240:
9232:
9224:
9216:
9208:
9200:
9192:
9183:
9180:
9179:
9167:
9166:
9164:
9163:
9155:
9147:
9139:
9138:
9137:
9129:
9121:
9105:
9097:
9089:
9081:
9073:
9064:
9061:
9060:
9048:
9047:
9045:
9044:
9036:
9028:
9020:
9012:
9004:
8996:
8992:Eichmann trial
8988:
8980:
8972:
8964:
8956:
8948:
8940:
8932:
8924:
8916:
8908:
8900:
8892:
8884:
8876:
8872:CheĆmno trials
8868:
8860:
8852:
8844:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8817:
8813:
8812:
8810:
8809:
8802:
8795:
8788:
8781:
8774:
8767:
8760:
8759:
8758:
8751:
8744:
8729:
8727:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8719:
8712:
8705:
8698:
8691:
8684:
8677:
8670:
8669:
8668:
8665:Trivialization
8653:
8651:
8645:
8644:
8642:
8641:
8634:
8627:
8620:
8613:
8612:
8611:
8604:
8601:Killing Fields
8590:
8583:
8576:
8569:
8562:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8537:
8530:
8523:
8516:
8509:
8502:
8495:
8488:
8481:
8474:
8473:
8472:
8471:
8470:
8449:
8448:
8447:
8432:
8430:
8426:
8425:
8422:
8421:
8419:
8418:
8410:
8402:
8394:
8386:
8378:
8370:
8362:
8361:
8360:
8345:
8336:
8333:
8332:
8318:
8317:
8315:
8314:
8306:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8281:
8273:
8265:
8257:
8249:
8241:
8237:Kuwaiti Bedoon
8233:
8225:
8217:
8209:
8201:
8193:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8176:
8164:
8156:
8148:
8140:
8132:
8124:
8116:
8108:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8077:
8073:Crimean Tatars
8069:
8061:
8053:
8045:
8037:
8029:
8021:
8013:
8005:
7997:
7989:
7981:
7973:
7965:
7957:
7949:
7941:
7933:
7925:
7917:
7909:
7901:
7897:KantĆ Massacre
7893:
7885:
7877:
7869:
7861:
7860:
7859:
7851:
7843:
7835:
7827:
7819:
7818:
7817:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7755:
7747:
7739:
7731:
7723:
7715:
7707:
7699:
7691:
7683:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7665:
7657:
7653:Trail of Tears
7649:
7645:Indian removal
7634:
7626:
7618:
7617:
7616:
7608:
7593:
7585:
7577:
7569:
7561:
7560:
7559:
7551:
7536:
7528:
7520:
7512:
7504:
7496:
7488:
7484:Kashmiri Shias
7480:
7472:
7464:
7455:
7452:
7451:
7437:
7436:
7434:
7433:
7425:
7417:
7409:
7401:
7393:
7385:
7377:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7352:
7344:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7318:
7306:
7305:
7298:
7297:
7290:
7283:
7275:
7266:
7265:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7247:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7212:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7191:Beefsteak Nazi
7188:
7187:
7186:
7181:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7140:
7139:German society
7134:
7133:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7029:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6971:Final Solution
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6951:
6949:and war crimes
6943:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6911:von Liebenfels
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6821:von Ribbentrop
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6738:
6737:
6733:
6724:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6648:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6547:
6542:
6540:Indoctrination
6537:
6536:
6535:
6530:
6521:
6517:Heim ins Reich
6512:
6502:
6493:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6436:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6410:Blood and soil
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6385:Anti-communism
6382:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6367:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6328:
6326:Doctors' Trial
6323:
6318:
6310:Final solution
6307:
6302:
6297:
6295:Denazification
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6268:
6259:
6254:
6252:Nuremberg Laws
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6184:Early timeline
6181:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6155:
6150:Sturmabteilung
6145:
6140:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6082:
6073:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6047:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6024:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5914:trivialization
5906:
5905:
5904:
5894:
5892:Eichmann trial
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5852:
5846:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5787:Nuremberg Laws
5784:
5779:
5773:
5771:
5770:Early elements
5763:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5751:Early elements
5748:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5686:Arajs Kommando
5682:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5657:Einsatzgruppen
5652:
5650:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5607:
5599:
5593:
5591:
5584:
5583:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5570:Responsibility
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5409:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5349:Einsatzgruppen
5344:
5342:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5313:Final Solution
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5215:
5205:
5204:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5174:ĂstredĆa Ćœidov
5171:
5166:
5160:
5158:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5139:Theresienstadt
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5069:
5067:
5058:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5024:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4978:Einsatzgruppen
4974:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4784:Mittelbau-Dora
4781:
4772:
4767:
4765:KrakĂłw-PĆaszĂłw
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4699:
4698:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4655:Rescue of Jews
4652:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4323:
4322:External links
4320:
4319:
4318:
4312:
4297:
4291:
4267:
4261:
4241:
4235:
4220:
4214:
4196:
4190:
4172:
4147:
4138:
4120:
4106:
4083:
4077:
4059:
4053:
4030:Main article:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4002:
3967:
3961:Foreign Policy
3943:
3925:
3907:
3900:
3882:
3853:
3830:
3812:
3794:
3787:
3773:Davies, Norman
3764:
3724:
3702:
3690:
3672:
3654:
3632:Höfle Telegram
3623:
3600:
3575:
3568:
3545:
3543:, p. 168.
3522:
3520:, p. 328.
3510:
3484:
3482:, p. 170.
3472:
3460:
3458:, p. 324.
3448:
3446:, p. 323.
3436:
3424:
3412:
3387:
3380:
3362:
3355:
3333:
3326:
3293:
3277:
3264:
3225:ĐąŃĐ”Đ±Đ»ĐžĐœŃĐșĐžĐč Đ°ĐŽ
3206:
3176:
3165:on 13 May 2008
3150:
3138:
3126:
3119:
3101:
3083:
3072:on 2 July 2010
3049:
3033:
3010:
2969:
2962:
2954:Interrogations
2944:
2933:on 14 May 2008
2918:
2884:
2864:
2857:
2837:
2810:
2790:
2763:
2743:
2717:
2692:
2674:
2667:
2640:
2628:
2567:
2553:
2530:
2496:
2469:
2457:
2451:978-0393338874
2450:
2430:
2408:
2381:
2347:
2324:
2310:
2284:
2277:
2256:
2216:
2197:
2190:
2170:
2151:
2145:978-0805209082
2144:
2136:Schocken Books
2120:
2089:
2066:
2064:, p. 194.
2054:
2047:
2023:
2002:
1971:
1945:
1923:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1865:Lange Commando
1857:Albert Widmann
1843:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1805:Main article:
1802:
1799:
1769:
1766:
1717:
1714:
1669:
1666:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1440:
1404:Sonderkommando
1397:Sonderkommando
1372:Sonderkommando
1366:
1363:
1348:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1330:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1301:Sonderkommando
1294:Sonderkommando
1287:Sonderkommando
1258:Kurt Gerstein
1255:
1184:
1181:
1127:
1124:
1090:in August 1944
1079:
1076:
926:Final Solution
910:
907:
868:
865:
800:Adolf Eichmann
727:Sonderkommando
707:branch of the
636:Sonderkommando
625:
622:
610:Irmfried Eberl
547:fall of Moscow
518:Adolf Eichmann
489:Einsatzgruppen
418:
414:
413:
410:
409:
405:
402:
401:
398:
393:
387:
384:
383:
380:
375:
364:
363:
356:
355:
349:
348:
340:
335:
334:
333:
325:
322:
314:Final Solution
291:taken by train
215:Tötungszentren
179:
178:
153:
149:
148:
141:
137:
136:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
97:
93:
92:
67:
59:
58:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9985:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
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9938:
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9933:
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9928:
9926:
9923:
9922:
9920:
9916:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9889:
9888:
9884:
9882:
9881:
9877:
9876:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9848:
9845:
9844:
9843:
9840:
9839:
9836:
9833:
9829:
9821:
9818:
9817:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9810:Female guards
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9786:
9778:
9777:
9773:
9771:
9770:
9766:
9765:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9755:
9754:Postenpflicht
9751:
9749:
9748:Death marches
9746:
9744:
9741:
9737:
9734:
9733:
9732:
9729:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9701:
9700:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9672:
9670:
9666:
9660:
9659:Strafkompanie
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9644:Camp brothels
9642:
9638:
9635:
9634:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9627:SanitÀtswesen
9625:
9623:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9613:
9606:
9605:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9573:
9567:
9564:
9560:
9557:
9556:
9555:
9552:
9548:
9545:
9544:
9543:
9540:
9536:
9533:
9532:
9531:
9530:Sachsenhausen
9528:
9524:
9521:
9520:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9507:
9504:
9503:
9502:
9499:
9495:
9492:
9491:
9490:
9487:
9483:
9480:
9479:
9478:
9475:
9471:
9468:
9467:
9466:
9462:
9459:
9455:
9452:
9451:
9450:
9447:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9438:
9435:
9431:
9428:
9427:
9426:
9423:
9419:
9416:
9415:
9414:
9411:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9402:
9399:
9394:
9393:
9392:
9391:Herzogenbusch
9389:
9385:
9382:
9381:
9380:
9377:
9373:
9370:
9369:
9368:
9365:
9361:
9358:
9357:
9356:
9353:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9341:
9337:
9334:
9333:
9332:
9331:Bergen-Belsen
9329:
9325:
9322:
9321:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9311:
9309:
9305:
9301:
9294:
9289:
9287:
9282:
9280:
9275:
9274:
9271:
9253:
9249:
9245:
9241:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9225:
9221:
9217:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9201:
9197:
9193:
9189:
9185:
9184:
9181:
9172:
9160:
9156:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9134:
9130:
9126:
9122:
9118:
9114:
9113:
9110:
9106:
9102:
9098:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9066:
9065:
9062:
9053:
9041:
9037:
9033:
9029:
9025:
9024:Sobibor trial
9021:
9017:
9013:
9009:
9005:
9001:
8997:
8993:
8989:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8973:
8969:
8965:
8961:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8941:
8937:
8933:
8929:
8925:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8888:Belsen trials
8885:
8881:
8880:Dachau trials
8877:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8857:
8853:
8849:
8848:Kharkov trial
8845:
8841:
8837:
8836:
8833:
8827:
8821:
8818:
8814:
8807:
8803:
8800:
8796:
8793:
8792:Justification
8789:
8786:
8782:
8779:
8775:
8772:
8768:
8765:
8761:
8756:
8752:
8749:
8745:
8742:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8724:
8717:
8713:
8710:
8706:
8703:
8699:
8696:
8692:
8689:
8685:
8682:
8678:
8675:
8671:
8666:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8658:The Holocaust
8655:
8654:
8652:
8650:
8646:
8639:
8635:
8632:
8628:
8625:
8621:
8618:
8617:Death marches
8614:
8609:
8605:
8602:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8591:
8588:
8584:
8581:
8577:
8574:
8570:
8567:
8563:
8560:
8556:
8555:
8553:
8549:
8542:
8538:
8535:
8531:
8528:
8524:
8521:
8517:
8514:
8510:
8507:
8503:
8500:
8496:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8482:
8479:
8475:
8468:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8450:
8445:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8415:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8399:
8395:
8391:
8387:
8383:
8379:
8375:
8374:Iraqi Turkmen
8371:
8367:
8363:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8337:
8334:
8329:
8323:
8311:
8307:
8303:
8299:
8294:
8290:
8289:
8286:
8282:
8278:
8274:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8246:
8242:
8238:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8222:
8218:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8198:
8194:
8190:
8186:
8181:
8177:
8174:
8170:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8100:
8097:
8092:
8086:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8038:
8034:
8030:
8026:
8022:
8018:
8014:
8010:
8009:The Holocaust
8006:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7891:(1920sâ1930s)
7890:
7889:Ingrian Finns
7886:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7856:
7852:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7824:
7820:
7815:
7814:Pontic Greeks
7811:
7810:
7807:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7796:
7795:
7792:
7787:
7781:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7729:(1890sâ1900s)
7728:
7724:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7676:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7594:
7590:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7556:
7552:
7549:(1700sâ1800s)
7548:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7456:
7453:
7448:
7442:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7399:(1200sâ1360s)
7398:
7394:
7390:
7386:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7370:
7365:
7361:
7360:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7337:
7336:
7333:
7328:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7296:
7291:
7289:
7284:
7282:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7263:
7253:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7167:
7161:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7145:The Wehrmacht
7143:
7141:
7135:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7042:
7040:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6993:
6987:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6944:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6865:
6863:
6859:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6831:Seyss-Inquart
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6653:Untermenschen
6649:
6646:
6645:
6644:Rassenschande
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6533:Pan-Germanism
6531:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6472:Direct action
6470:
6465:
6464:
6463:FĂŒhrerprinzip
6459:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6440:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6400:Anti-pacifism
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6374:
6372:
6368:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6285:The Holocaust
6283:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6264:Kristallnacht
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6178:
6176:
6172:
6162:
6161:
6160:Schutzstaffel
6156:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6045:
6040:
6038:
6033:
6031:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6001:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5782:Nazi eugenics
5780:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5711:Topf and Sons
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5678:Collaborators
5675:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5616:Referat IV B4
5614:
5613:
5612: (RSHA)
5611:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5603:Schutzstaffel
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5590:Organizations
5588:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5566:
5562:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:Romani people
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5485:Working Group
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:Kastner train
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5309:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5257:Kristallnacht
5254:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5197:
5193:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5040:SanitÀtswesen
5037:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5003:Death marches
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4829:Extermination
4826:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4804:Sachsenhausen
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:Herzogenbusch
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4720:Bergen-Belsen
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4707:Concentration
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4643:United States
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:and colonies
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4386:The Holocaust
4380:
4375:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4315:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4292:0-253-32684-2
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4221:
4217:
4215:0-7181-3063-4
4211:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4191:3-9808587-1-5
4187:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4139:0-231-10965-2
4135:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4078:0-415-15035-3
4074:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4039:Arad, Yitzhak
4036:
4035:
4033:
4017:
4013:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3952:Posener, Alan
3947:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3841:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3790:
3788:0-06-097468-0
3784:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3750:
3743:
3739:
3738:Arad, Yitzhak
3733:
3731:
3729:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3421:
3416:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3383:
3377:
3373:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3337:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3271:M. Lifshitz,
3268:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3148:, p. 37.
3147:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2992:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2914:
2902:
2887:
2885:0-8014-9275-0
2881:
2877:
2876:
2875:The Waffen SS
2868:
2860:
2858:0-7603-1933-2
2854:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2821:
2813:
2811:1-929631-60-X
2807:
2803:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2774:
2766:
2764:0-7153-2101-3
2760:
2756:
2755:
2747:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2649:Sereny, Gitta
2644:
2637:
2632:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2556:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2501:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2461:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2418:
2412:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2191:0-521-47769-7
2187:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2027:
2015:
2014:
2006:
1990:
1989:The Holocaust
1986:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1933:
1927:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1887:
1886:Einsatzgruppe
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1828:Topf and Sons
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1668:Commemoration
1665:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1373:
1362:
1359:
1345:
1334:
1333:Schutzstaffel
1327:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1270:
1265:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1246:Captain Wirth
1243:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1210:Kurt Gerstein
1207:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:Karl Fritzsch
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1137:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1118:, and at the
1117:
1114:subcamp of a
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:Arbeitslagers
1058:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:Poland's Jews
995:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
958:
957:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:exhaust fumes
931:
927:
920:
915:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
882:
878:
874:
864:
862:
858:
849:
845:
843:
839:
835:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
805:extermination
801:
798:(a deputy to
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:Johann Kremer
777:
772:
771:
765:
761:
760:Sachsenhausen
757:
753:
749:
748:Bergen-Belsen
744:
742:
738:
734:
729:
728:
722:
718:
713:
712:
711:Schutzstaffel
705:
704:
698:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
638:
637:
630:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
598:
594:
589:
583:
577:
576:Herbert Lange
573:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:
533:
530:stationed in
529:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
499:
498:
491:
490:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:were already
464:
460:
459:right to life
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:
438:
434:
431:
427:
406:
399:
392:
391:
388:
381:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
345:
338:
331:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:the Holocaust
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:
150:
147:
146:
142:
140:Organizations
138:
135:
131:
127:
124:Extermination
123:
121:Incident type
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
89:
85:
81:
80:The Holocaust
76:
71:
65:
60:
55:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
9934:
9885:
9878:
9774:
9767:
9752:
9690:Forced labor
9680:Action 14f14
9675:Action 14f13
9615:Subdivisions
9602:
9176:21st century
9133:Ratko MladiÄ
9057:20th century
9000:Belzec trial
8764:Genocide law
8624:Death squads
8579:
8534:Mass killing
8444:Autogenocide
8328:21st century
8091:1946 to 1999
7963:(1935â1945)
7921:Libyan Arabs
7786:1913 to 1945
7447:1490 to 1913
7179:Architecture
7127:SS personnel
7075:
7061:SUMKA (Iran)
6965:
6687:Social order
6612:Antisemitism
6565:Palingenetic
6456:Dictatorship
6425:Conspiracism
6349:Labour camps
6321:Deportations
6308:
6280:World War II
6225:Kirchenkampf
6213:Nazi Germany
6094:Hitler Youth
6058:Organisation
5994:Yizkor books
5655:
5602:
5347:
5295:in Lithuania
5255:
5153:
5038:
5031:
5020:
4954:
4932:
4913:
4894:
4877:
4828:
4660:by Catholics
4529:Soviet Union
4397:By territory
4302:
4282:
4248:
4225:
4204:
4180:
4164:. Retrieved
4155:
4151:Höss, Rudolf
4143:
4128:
4092:
4067:
4063:Bartov, Omer
4043:
4026:Bibliography
4005:
3991:
3984:
3970:
3959:
3946:
3928:
3920:the original
3910:
3891:
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3869:
3856:
3844:. Retrieved
3833:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3777:
3767:
3759:
3748:
3710:
3705:
3693:
3685:
3675:
3667:
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3641:the original
3626:
3617:
3614:the original
3603:
3591:. Retrieved
3587:
3578:
3558:
3548:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3496:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3451:
3439:
3427:
3415:
3403:. Retrieved
3399:
3390:
3371:
3365:
3344:
3336:
3309:
3302:Hess, Rudolf
3296:
3288:
3272:
3267:
3254:
3244:. Retrieved
3237:the original
3224:
3219:
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3193:the original
3188:
3179:
3167:. Retrieved
3163:the original
3153:
3141:
3129:
3110:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3074:. Retrieved
3070:the original
3065:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:the original
3023:
3013:
3005:
2998:. Retrieved
2991:the original
2982:
2953:
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:the original
2921:
2889:. Retrieved
2874:
2867:
2847:
2840:
2800:
2793:
2753:
2746:
2734:. Retrieved
2729:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2704:
2695:
2687:the original
2677:
2653:
2643:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2607:
2603:
2587:15 September
2585:. Retrieved
2580:
2570:
2558:. Retrieved
2543:
2533:
2524:15 September
2522:, retrieved
2518:the original
2513:
2508:
2489:15 September
2487:. Retrieved
2482:
2472:
2460:
2440:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2395:the original
2384:
2354:16 September
2352:. Retrieved
2337:
2327:
2316:the original
2297:
2287:
2268:
2259:
2249:15 September
2247:. Retrieved
2240:the original
2200:
2180:
2173:
2164:
2154:
2134:. New York:
2130:
2123:
2111:. Retrieved
2107:the original
2102:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2069:
2057:
2033:
2026:
2012:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1988:
1962:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1934:. Yad Vashem
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1904:
1853:gas chambers
1847:
1771:
1762:
1757:negationists
1754:
1691:
1671:
1656:Nonetheless
1655:
1643:
1560:District of
1460:Operational
1445:
1409:
1393:
1368:
1355:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1282:
1274:
1235:
1230:gas chambers
1200:
1168:prussic acid
1161:
1157:
1141:
1108:gas chambers
1093:
1088:Auschwitz II
1059:
1050:branch lines
1046:
1019:
966:
944:in occupied
938:Soviet Union
923:
884:
877:Nazi ghettos
854:
844:and others.
830:
776:SS anatomist
745:
694:
655:
645:
643:
597:Franz Stangl
522:
507:
501:army during
440:
423:
288:
224:World War II
209:
199:
187:
184:Nazi Germany
182:
143:
129:Perpetrators
115:World War II
51:
9963:Internments
9859:Homosexuals
9800:LagerfĂŒhrer
9685:Early camps
9622:Appellplatz
9518:RavensbrĂŒck
9513:Niederhagen
9379:Gross-Rosen
9367:FlossenbĂŒrg
9314:Arbeitsdorf
9246:(2023â2024)
9214:(2020â2021)
9161:(1999â2015)
9153:(1997â2022)
9145:(1994â2015)
9135:(2011â2017)
9127:(2008â2016)
9119:(2002â2006)
9111:(1993â2017)
9103:(1993â2007)
9095:(1946â1948)
9079:(1946â1948)
9069:Budak trial
9040:Finta trial
9026:(1965â1966)
9018:(1964â1970)
9010:(1963â1989)
9002:(1963â1965)
8986:(1961â1962)
8962:(1946â1949)
8954:(1946â1948)
8946:(1946â1948)
8938:(1946â1953)
8930:(1946â1947)
8914:(1945â1946)
8912:Minsk trial
8906:(1945â1946)
8898:(1945â1949)
8890:(1945â1948)
8882:(1945â1947)
8874:(1945â2001)
8866:(1944â1989)
8858:(1944â1951)
8828:(1943â2022)
8734:Definitions
8384:(2014â2017)
8376:(2014â2017)
8368:(2011â2023)
8343:(2002â2003)
8312:(1996â1997)
8287:(1992â1995)
8279:(1991â2003)
8263:(1987â2002)
8255:(1987â1989)
8247:(1986â1989)
8231:(1983â1987)
8229:Gukurahundi
8223:(1983â2009)
8207:(1977â1997)
8199:(1975â1979)
8191:(1974â1999)
8154:(1970â2003)
8152:Feyli Kurds
8146:(1966â1970)
8122:(1962â1996)
8114:(1956â1989)
8075:(1944â1948)
8067:(1944â1948)
8059:(1943â1945)
8051:(1942â1945)
8035:(1941â1945)
8027:(1941â1945)
8019:(1941â1945)
8011:(1941â1945)
8003:(1940â1942)
7995:(1939â1945)
7987:(1937â1938)
7971:(1937â1938)
7947:(1932â1933)
7931:(1930â1933)
7923:(1929â1932)
7915:(1926â1973)
7883:(1919â1933)
7875:(1918â1931)
7867:(1916â1917)
7857:(1916â1934)
7841:(1915â1917)
7833:(1915â1919)
7808:(1913â1922)
7768:(1912â1913)
7753:(1905â1907)
7745:(1904â1907)
7737:(1894â1896)
7721:(1888â1893)
7713:(1879â1913)
7703:Circassians
7697:(1850â1864)
7663:(1846â1873)
7655:(1830â1850)
7647:(1830â1847)
7614:(1869â1977)
7606:(1825â1832)
7591:(1785â2017)
7557:(1874â1996)
7534:(1648â1657)
7526:(1640â1649)
7518:(1636â1638)
7486:(1548â1872)
7462:(1492â1514)
7431:(1402â1496)
7423:(1393â1394)
7407:(1209â1229)
7391:(1069â1070)
7327:Before 1490
7239:Strasserism
6901:de Gobineau
6876:Chamberlain
6742:Politicians
6729:Volkskörper
6632:Master race
6602:Prussianism
6550:Nationalism
6505:Imperialism
6446:Corporatism
6000:Never again
5831:(Action T4)
5757:Remembrance
5542:Homosexuals
5512:Soviet POWs
5440:CzÄstochowa
4988:Gas chamber
4799:RavensbrĂŒck
4740:Gross-Rosen
4735:FlossenbĂŒrg
4618:Philippines
4550:Yugoslavia
4509:Netherlands
4437:Sudetenland
4245:Orth, Karin
4200:Levi, Primo
4176:Klee, Ernst
4132:. Phoenix.
3680:USHMM.org.
3662:USHMM.org.
3647:20 December
3610:"Auschwitz"
3608:USHMM.org.
2909:|work=
2828:|work=
2781:|work=
2372:|work=
1790:millennials
1702:New Zealand
1481:1,100,000
1145:Rudolf Höss
1001:trapped in
891:Nazi German
834:Bronna GĂłra
756:RavensbrĂŒck
752:Oranienburg
733:the ghettos
721:auxiliaries
512:chaired by
232:2.7 million
200:death camps
9952:Categories
9854:"Asocials"
9795:Commandant
9501:Neuengamme
9461:Mauthausen
9413:Kaiserwald
9343:Buchenwald
9307:Main camps
8920:Riga trial
8771:Prevention
8716:Indigenous
8631:Incitement
8499:Gendercide
8460:Classicide
8453:Politicide
8414:Gaza Strip
8189:East Timor
8160:Bangladesh
8120:Guatemalan
8041:Sook Ching
7937:La Matanza
7661:California
7373:Bar Kokhba
6947:Atrocities
6862:Ideologues
6697:Syncretism
6622:Aryan race
6597:Propaganda
6545:Militarism
6526:Lebensraum
6489:Geopolitik
6415:Chauvinism
6305:Neo-Nazism
6143:Nazi Party
5989:Yad Vashem
5969:Uniqueness
5824:Nisko Plan
5597:Nazi Party
5405:Resistance
5375:Ninth Fort
5240:Vel' d'Hiv
5012:Nazi units
4950:Westerbork
4940:Amersfoort
4794:Neuengamme
4775:Mauthausen
4755:Kaiserwald
4725:Buchenwald
4504:Luxembourg
4166:15 January
3901:0801862191
3842:. ABC-CLIO
3715:reproduced
3480:Piper 1994
3316:. p.
3258:, Moscow:
3169:3 December
2401:14 January
2113:20 October
2082:25 January
2062:Orth 2009a
2021:Symposium.
1897:References
1772:In 2017 a
1734:Reichsbahn
1720:See also:
1412:crematoria
1358:Nazi Party
1242:Hackenholt
1187:See also:
962:euthanasia
826:Buchenwald
818:Mauthausen
661:Todeslager
656:death camp
624:Definition
433:euthanasia
424:After the
330:Nisko Plan
328:See also:
324:Background
302:euthanasia
205:Todeslager
18:Todeslager
9831:Prisoners
9815:Wehrmacht
9788:Personnel
9760:Selection
9736:Muselmann
9607:(Camp SS)
9319:Auschwitz
8709:Cambodian
8702:Holodomor
8594:Massacres
8478:Ethnocide
8467:Eliticide
8197:Cambodian
7945:Holodomor
7839:Armenians
7831:Assyrians
7604:Black War
7492:Huguenots
7375:(132â136)
7358:(50s BCE)
7342:(146 BCE)
7310:Genocides
6956:Action T4
6926:Rosenberg
6906:Haushofer
6851:Streicher
6637:Nordicism
6582:New Order
6273:Anschluss
6069:Ahnenerbe
5947:Education
5842:Aftermath
5754:Aftermath
5716:Trawnikis
5640:Wehrmacht
5635:Waffen-SS
5435:BiaĆystok
5263:Bucharest
5235:Marseille
5112:Elsewhere
5073:BiaĆystok
4885:Breendonk
4862:Treblinka
4715:Auschwitz
4499:Lithuania
3682:"CheĆmno"
3541:Höss 1959
3518:Höss 1959
3468:Höss 1959
3456:Höss 1959
3444:Höss 1959
3432:Höss 1959
3420:Höss 1959
3289:Yesterday
3260:Voenizdat
3246:5 October
3146:Arad 1999
3134:Arad 1999
3092:"Ghettos"
3000:7 October
2937:27 August
2911:ignored (
2901:cite book
2891:7 October
2830:ignored (
2820:cite book
2783:ignored (
2773:cite book
2636:Rees 2006
2621:6 October
2593:Also in:
2541:(2011b).
2465:Rees 2006
2374:ignored (
2364:cite book
1778:Auschwitz
1768:Awareness
1744:HĂ€ftlinge
1678:monuments
1552:320,000
1499:Treblinka
1455:Estimated
1420:Treblinka
1232:, where:
1216:Waffen-SS
1172:IG Farben
1104:Treblinka
1053:into the
973:Treblinka
956:Aktion T4
810:Auschwitz
717:Trawnikis
690:Auschwitz
682:Treblinka
601:Treblinka
561:north of
497:Wehrmacht
430:Aktion T4
299:Aktion T4
284:Aktion T4
282:, in the
264:Treblinka
222:, during
186:used six
168:Treblinka
102:(chiefly
9973:Genocide
9764:Slogans
9731:Language
9575:Agencies
9559:subcamps
9547:subcamps
9542:Stutthof
9535:subcamps
9523:subcamps
9506:subcamps
9494:subcamps
9482:subcamps
9470:subcamps
9454:subcamps
9449:Majdanek
9442:subcamps
9430:subcamps
9418:subcamps
9406:subcamps
9395:subcamps
9384:subcamps
9372:subcamps
9360:subcamps
9348:subcamps
9336:subcamps
9324:subcamps
8674:Armenian
8541:Domicide
8520:Policide
8492:Eugenics
8437:Democide
8406:Rohingya
8057:Volhynia
7881:Cossacks
7727:Selk'nam
7589:Chechens
7581:Dzungars
7508:Lameyans
7500:Kalinago
7470:(1500sâ)
7429:Guanches
7364:Eburones
7350:(88 BCE)
7302:Genocide
7262:Category
7201:Glossary
6916:von List
6871:Baeumler
6806:Goebbels
6791:Heydrich
6771:Eichmann
6627:Aryanism
6592:Populism
6482:Eugenics
6371:Ideology
6334:Genocide
5932:Academia
5385:PiaĆnica
5355:Babi Yar
5283:Jedwabne
5222:Roundups
5155:Judenrat
5119:Budapest
4890:Mechelen
4852:Majdanek
4809:Stutthof
4770:Majdanek
4665:by Poles
4623:Portugal
4601:Response
4592:Timeline
4570:Overview
4432:Slovakia
4419:Bulgaria
4273:(1994).
4202:(1986).
4178:(1990).
4153:(1959).
4126:(1997).
4065:(2000).
4041:(1999).
4016:Archived
3996:Archived
3980:Archived
3938:Archived
3825:motl.org
3807:motl.org
3775:(1998).
3753:archived
3740:(1984),
3664:"Belzec"
3304:(2005).
3217:(1946).
3199:5 August
2736:19 April
2710:19 April
2651:(2001).
2616:19603594
2423:20 April
2335:(2007).
2267:(2010).
2211:Archived
1995:20 April
1801:See also
1683:OĆwiÄcim
1676:created
1658:Majdanek
1597:Majdanek
1579:250,000
1535:district
1525:600,000
1503:800,000
1377:cremated
1277:Zyklon B
1256:â
1251:Trawniki
1183:Gassings
1176:Zyklon B
969:Zyklon B
930:gas vans
814:Majdanek
784:Birkenau
686:Majdanek
666:genocide
618:Majdanek
567:gas vans
268:Majdanek
248:gas vans
176:Majdanek
96:Location
68:View of
9632:Subcamp
9554:Vaivara
9401:Hinzert
9238:(2023â)
9230:(2022â)
9222:(2022â)
9206:(2019â)
9198:(2012â)
9190:(2005â)
8695:Rwandan
8688:Bosnian
8681:Serbian
8608:Pogroms
8551:Methods
8416:(2023â)
8408:(2017â)
8400:(2014â)
8392:(2014â)
8382:Yazidis
8351:(2003â)
8302:Rwandan
8285:Bosnian
8277:Ahwaris
8271:(1990â)
8239:(1985â)
8167:Burundi
7929:Kazakhs
7719:Hazaras
7705:(1860s)
7695:Manchus
7687:Moriori
7679:CharrĂșa
7583:(1750s)
7547:Beothuk
7516:Pequots
7478:(1500â)
7421:Assyria
7405:Cathars
7196:Economy
7163:Related
7155:Economy
6991:Germany
6989:Outside
6931:Schmitt
6816:Lammers
6796:Himmler
6766:Drexler
6756:Daluege
6751:Bormann
6577:New Man
6354:Pogroms
6339:Ghettos
6175:History
5959:Lessons
5395:Rumbula
5268:Dorohoi
5249:Pogroms
5201:Victims
5051:Ghettos
4983:Gas van
4971:Methods
4945:Schoorl
4923:Bolzano
4871:Transit
4857:Sobibor
4847:CheĆmno
4814:Vaivara
4750:Hinzert
4695:ghettos
4648:Vatican
4554:Croatia
4544:Ukraine
4534:Belarus
4524:Romania
4476:Hungary
4459:Germany
4449:Estonia
4444:Denmark
4414:Belgium
4409:Austria
4404:Albania
4116:60-5808
4090:(ed.).
3846:4 March
3619:camps.)
3593:10 June
3503:12 July
3405:2 March
3273:Zionism
3262:, 1958.
3076:9 March
2659:135â146
2560:28 June
1964:3 April
1938:3 April
1881:Mogilev
1749:SobibĂłr
1698:Estonia
1630:Former
1612:Poland
1588:Poland
1575:SobibĂłr
1566:Poland
1548:CheĆmno
1539:Poland
1512:Poland
1490:Poland
1457:deaths
1442:Victims
1428:CheĆmno
1416:SobibĂłr
1379:during
1100:SobibĂłr
981:SobibĂłr
867:History
842:Rumbula
794:, when
678:Sobibor
670:CheĆmno
588:SobibĂłr
559:CheĆmno
553:in the
316:to the
260:Sobibor
252:CheĆmno
244:gassing
164:SobibĂłr
156:CheĆmno
72:, 1943
9724:Yellow
9719:Purple
9699:Badges
9668:Topics
9654:Revier
9594:(DEST)
9566:Warsaw
9355:Dachau
9254:(2024)
9087:(1946)
9071:(1945)
9042:(1994)
9034:(1986)
8994:(1961)
8978:(1958)
8970:(1949)
8922:(1946)
8850:(1943)
8842:(1943)
8726:Issues
8649:Denial
8349:Darfur
8304:(1994)
8269:Amhara
8215:(1982)
8162:(1971)
8144:Biafra
8138:(1966)
8130:(1964)
8106:(1948)
8043:(1942)
7979:(1937)
7955:(1933)
7939:(1932)
7907:(1924)
7899:(1923)
7865:Kyrgyz
7849:(1915)
7825:(1913)
7806:Greeks
7689:(1835)
7681:(1831)
7671:(1864)
7632:(1821)
7624:(1816)
7575:(1749)
7567:(1740)
7510:(1636)
7502:(1626)
7494:(1572)
7415:(1311)
7383:(800s)
7184:Cinema
7165:topics
7150:Cinema
6921:MĂŒller
6891:Eckart
6811:Göring
6801:Hitler
6761:Dönitz
6607:Racism
6560:Racial
6498:Heimat
6109:NSDStB
6051:Nazism
5865:Bricha
5631:(Orpo)
5504:Others
5490:ƻegota
5452:Rescue
5430:Warsaw
5390:Ponary
5300:Kaunas
5103:Warsaw
5088:Lublin
5078:KrakĂłw
5065:Poland
4909:Drancy
4842:Belzec
4819:Warsaw
4730:Dachau
4638:Turkey
4633:Sweden
4559:Serbia
4539:Russia
4519:Poland
4514:Norway
4494:Latvia
4464:Greece
4454:France
4310:
4289:
4259:
4233:
4212:
4188:
4136:
4114:
4104:
4075:
4051:
3898:
3875:5 June
3785:
3566:
3378:
3353:
3324:
3227:]
3117:
2960:
2882:
2855:
2808:
2761:
2665:
2614:
2551:
2448:
2345:
2308:
2275:
2188:
2142:
2045:
1916:7 June
1710:Turkey
1708:, and
1706:Panama
1521:BeĆĆŒec
1426:, and
1424:BeĆĆŒec
1314:before
1195:, and
1102:, and
1096:BeĆĆŒec
979:, and
977:BeĆĆŒec
946:Poland
879:, and
838:Ponary
824:, and
822:Dachau
758:, and
741:Schupo
674:Belzec
654:) and
599:, and
565:using
551:BeĆĆŒec
532:Lublin
451:German
437:Hitler
306:mental
256:Belzec
228:murder
208:), or
192:German
160:BeĆĆŒec
9704:Black
9465:Gusen
9425:Kauen
8429:Terms
8253:Isaaq
8245:Anfal
7993:Poles
7855:Kurds
7751:Ukame
7524:Huron
7460:TaĂno
7356:Gauls
7244:Women
7089:Lists
7077:MoreâŠ
6896:Feder
6881:Darré
6836:Speer
6781:Frick
6776:Frank
6570:Ultra
6555:Ethno
6104:NSDĂB
5979:Humor
5952:Films
5649:Units
5380:Odesa
5230:Izieu
5144:Vilna
5129:Minsk
5124:Kovno
5098:Radom
4962:SereÄ
4779:Gusen
4760:Kauen
4691:Camps
4628:Spain
4613:Japan
4487:Libya
4481:Italy
4277:. In
4160:(PDF)
3756:(PDF)
3745:(PDF)
3240:(PDF)
3229:(PDF)
3223:[
2994:(PDF)
2987:(PDF)
2600:(PDF)
2512:[
2319:(PDF)
2302:(PDF)
2243:(PDF)
2236:(PDF)
2017:(PDF)
1861:Kripo
1839:Notes
1747:) to
1452:Camp
230:over
9869:Jews
9847:Kapo
9714:Pink
9697:and
9463:and
8566:Rape
8180:1993
8173:1972
7468:Ainu
6886:Devi
6826:Röhm
6786:Hess
6164:(SS)
6154:(SA)
6124:NSKK
6119:NSFK
6114:NSRL
5870:List
5625:(SD)
5605:(SS)
5288:Lviv
5273:IaÈi
5213:Jews
5134:Riga
5093:LwĂłw
5083:ĆĂłdĆș
5055:list
4904:Gurs
4777:and
4693:and
4308:ISBN
4287:ISBN
4257:ISBN
4231:ISBN
4210:ISBN
4186:ISBN
4168:2015
4134:ISBN
4112:LCCN
4102:ISBN
4073:ISBN
4049:ISBN
3896:ISBN
3877:2020
3848:2017
3783:ISBN
3649:2012
3630:The
3595:2020
3564:ISBN
3505:2015
3407:2018
3376:ISBN
3351:ISBN
3322:ISBN
3248:2014
3201:2016
3171:2007
3115:ISBN
3078:2009
3002:2015
2958:ISBN
2939:2013
2913:help
2893:2015
2880:ISBN
2853:ISBN
2832:help
2806:ISBN
2785:help
2759:ISBN
2738:2020
2712:2020
2663:ISBN
2623:2015
2612:PMID
2589:2015
2562:2015
2549:ISBN
2526:2015
2491:2015
2446:ISBN
2425:2020
2403:2017
2376:help
2356:2015
2343:ISBN
2306:ISBN
2273:ISBN
2251:2015
2186:ISBN
2140:ISBN
2115:2017
2084:2015
2043:ISBN
1997:2020
1966:2020
1940:2020
1918:2020
1692:The
1394:The
1040:and
812:and
688:and
563:ĆĂłdĆș
475:POWs
463:Jews
308:and
270:and
236:Jews
152:Camp
132:The
111:Date
86:in
34:and
7174:Art
6129:NSF
5019:SS-
3318:321
1871:in
1201:SS
901:in
859:in
449:" (
320:".
274:.
9954::
9936:KL
4956:sk
4934:nl
4916:it
4897:fr
4879:be
4251:.
4110:.
4096:.
3994:.
3990:.
3958:.
3868:.
3864:.
3823:.
3805:.
3747:,
3727:^
3684:.
3666:.
3586:.
3525:^
3495:.
3398:.
3320:.
3280:^
3187:.
3094:.
3064:.
3043:.
3022:.
3004:.
2972:^
2905::
2903:}}
2899:{{
2824::
2822:}}
2818:{{
2777::
2775:}}
2771:{{
2728:.
2703:.
2661:.
2608:11
2606:.
2602:.
2579:.
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2481:.
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2366:}}
2362:{{
2219:^
2163:.
2101:.
1987:.
1974:^
1956:.
1889:.
1797:.
1784:,
1712:.
1704:,
1700:,
1664:.
1422:,
1418:,
1391:.
1191:,
1098:,
1057:.
1036:,
1032:,
1028:,
1024:,
1017:.
975:,
950:SS
928:,
875:,
840:,
836:,
820:,
778:,
754:,
750:,
743:.
684:,
680:,
676:,
672:,
520:.
453::
442:SS
266:,
262:,
258:,
254:,
194::
174:,
170:,
166:,
162:,
158:,
134:SS
84:SS
9709:P
9292:e
9285:t
9278:v
7317:)
7313:(
7294:e
7287:t
7280:v
6043:e
6036:t
6029:v
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5315:"
5311:"
5057:)
5053:(
4378:e
4371:t
4364:v
4316:.
4295:.
4265:.
4057:.
3964:.
3904:.
3879:.
3850:.
3827:.
3809:.
3791:.
3651:.
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3572:.
3507:.
3409:.
3384:.
3359:.
3330:.
3250:.
3173:.
3123:.
3098:.
3080:.
2966:.
2941:.
2915:)
2895:.
2861:.
2834:)
2787:)
2767:.
2740:.
2714:.
2671:.
2625:.
2591:.
2564:.
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2454:.
2427:.
2405:.
2378:)
2358:.
2281:.
2253:.
2194:.
2148:.
2117:.
2086:.
2051:.
1999:.
1968:.
1942:.
1920:.
1271:)
1138:)
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