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require them to work for four years continuously without a break to return to their home countries. Many TCN contractors have also been lured by preemployment deals that have guaranteed them the job as long as they give a percentage of their pay to an 'employment agent' or 'representative'. TCN housing compounds are generally in less secure areas outside of the main base. As a result, many TCNs in such high-risk areas have been injured or killed, however most military installations will provide life-saving medical care as required.
212:
25:
151:
In the US, it is often used to describe individuals of other nationalities hired by a government or government sanctioned contractor who represent neither the contracting government nor the host country or area of operations. This is most often those performing on government contracts in the role of
219:
TCNs such as have been employed by the United States military (through contractors) for operations in the Middle East for many years. The accommodations, security, and treatment of TCNs can vary greatly from the way that U.S. and multinational coalition personnel are treated. Their contracts often
207:
Contract personnel being used by the US government to fight the global war on terror in Iraq consist of
Expatriates, namely those personnel of US citizenship that represent a private military contractor being contracted by the US Government, Indigenous Iraqi and Kurdish personnel and TCNs such as
180:
Unlike refugees who are protected by international conventions, third-country nationals (TCNs), who neither belong to the country of refuge or the one they fled, are not covered by any global rights conventions. It is often up to their governments to look after them and arrange for their
227:
In an April 19 memorandum to all
Pentagon contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Joint Contracting Command demands that the widespread practice of taking away workers passports come to end. Contractors engaging in the practice, states the memo, must immediately "cease and desist."
767:
762:
132:, referring to individuals who are in transit and/or applying for visas in countries that are not their country of origin (i.e. country of transit), in order to go to a destination country that is likewise not their country of origin. In the
147:
In terms of employment, the term is often used to designate "an employee working temporarily in an assignment country, who is neither a national of the assignment country nor of the country in which the corporate headquarters is located."
764:
223:
Since April 2006, the
Pentagon now demands that contractors fight labor trafficking and low quality working conditions in Iraq endured by tens of thousands of low-paid south Asians working under US-funded contracts in Iraq.
1014:
763:
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Expatriates - those personnel who are of the same nationality as the contracting government. (In Iraq, foreign nationals working as a member of a US contractor are regarded as expatriates)
1086:
985:
757:
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232:"All passports will be returned to employees by 1 May 06. This requirement will be flowed down to each of your subcontractors performing work in this theater."
1134:
140:" and "non-EU foreign national", to refer to individuals who are neither from the EU country in which they are currently living or staying, nor from other
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HCNs (host country nationals), LNs (local nationals), Indigs (indigenous personnel) – those personnel who are indigenous to the area of operations.
809:
867:
754:
197:
TCN (third country national) – those personnel of a separate nationality to both the contracting government and the AO or "area of operations".
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61:
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1064:"Staffing foreign subsidiaries with parent country nationals or host country nationals? Insights from European subsidiaries"
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1039:
863:
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1015:"What are the differences among a local national, an expatriate, a third-country national, and an inpatriate?"
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803:
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Blood, Sweat & Tears: Asia’s Poor Build U.S. Bases in Iraq, by David
Phinney, CorpWatch October 3rd, 2005
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While EU nationals might have a right to cross internal borders, such right might be more limited for TCN.
784:
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are currently being employed by many of the private military contracting firms currently under contract.
153:
965:"Strategic employment of third country nationals: keys to sustaining the transformation of HR functions"
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Despite the
Pentagon crackdown, civilian contractors still report problems of poor working conditions.
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Pentagon
Attacks Labor Trafficking by US Contractors, by David Phinney, CorpWatch, April 24th, 2006
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Generally speaking, the US government classifies contract personnel under one of three headings:
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showing the relationships between various multinational
European organisations and agreements
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8:
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Indian
Contract Workers in Iraq Complain of Exploitation, New York Times, May 7th, 2004
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A person temporarily residing in a country in the process of moving to a third country
1121:"The Story Behind 'Alice's Restaurant' - the 50-Year-Old Song that is Forever Young"
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874:, as defined in Art. 2(5) of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code).
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Depending on the used definition, people from Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein (
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US Fortress Rises in
Baghdad, by David Phinney, CorpWatch, October 17th, 2006
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Underclass of
Workers Created in Iraq, Washington Post, July 1, 2004
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employed by private industry and citizens in a country such as
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http://www.davidphinney.com/pages/TCN%20Memo%2004-19-20061.pdf
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Art. 2(6) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code)
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986:"Cameroon: Hardship for third-country nationals fleeing CAR"
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in which it is common to outsource work to non-citizens.
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Probe into Iraq Trafficking Claims, CNN.com, May 5, 2004
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A TCN living on a US military base near Fallujah, Iraq
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Art. 3(1) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1139:Migration and Home Affairs - European Commission
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840:
1087:"The State of The Worlds Indigenous Peoples"
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185:
669: Working to implement later (EU)
204:Examples of this hierarchy are as follows:
896:) and Switzerland might be considered as
862:is often used for any person who is not a
847:
833:
156:. The term can also be used to describe
136:, the term is often used, together with "
128:) is a term often used in the context of
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1040:"Simple Tax Guide for Americans in Iraq"
245:
210:
662: Partially Implemented (EU)
1198:
1156:Definition of "Third Country National"
949:Definition of "Third Country National"
877:Some European regulations deal with
872:European Union right to free movement
870:and who is not a person enjoying the
980:
866:within the meaning of Art. 20(1) of
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
724:are also in the Schengen Area
142:member states of the European Union
13:
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655: Schengen Area (non-EU)
14:
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913:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
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34:needs additional citations for
1226:International factor movements
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648: Schengen Area (EU)
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864:citizen of the European Union
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7:
918:
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154:private military contractor
10:
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240:Use of the term in Europe
186:Use of the term in the US
1135:"third-country national"
990:La Nouvelle Centrafrique
58:"Third country national"
735:This is a clickable map
682:(EU & Non-EU)
1044:www.taxesforexpats.com
967:, by Calvin Reynolds,
902:third country national
898:third country national
894:European Economic Area
879:third country national
860:third country national
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695:Schengen participation
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122:Third country national
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43:improve this article
1141:. December 6, 2016.
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1150:External links
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984:(2014-06-04).
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1123:. 2015-11-27.
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99:November 2006
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
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1129:
1115:
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1093:. Retrieved
1081:
1070:. Retrieved
1058:
1047:. Retrieved
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1023:. Retrieved
1021:. 2020-09-14
1018:
1009:
998:. Retrieved
994:the original
989:
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969:All Business
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1200:Categories
1095:2022-01-06
1072:2022-01-06
1049:2022-01-06
1025:2022-01-06
1000:2014-06-08
936:References
69:newspapers
1160:Eurofound
953:Eurofound
911:See also
130:migration
1162:website.
955:website.
919:See also
693:De facto
168:Refugees
1158:on the
951:on the
900:or non
718:Madeira
83:scholar
714:Azores
712:
698:
689:
676:
162:Kuwait
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1090:(PDF)
1067:(PDF)
90:JSTOR
76:books
1019:SHRM
982:IRIN
868:TFEU
720:and
705:view
174:IRIN
62:news
824:An
126:TCN
45:by
1202::
1137:.
1042:.
1017:.
988:.
904:.
716:,
639:UK
628:IE
615:RO
606:BG
597:CY
587:VA
576:SM
565:MC
554:AD
543:CH
532:NO
522:LI
512:IS
501:SE
490:ES
479:SI
468:SK
457:PT
446:PL
435:NL
424:MT
413:LU
402:LT
391:LV
380:IT
369:HU
358:GR
347:DE
336:FR
325:FI
314:EE
303:DK
292:CZ
281:HR
270:BE
259:AT
176:,
152:a
144:.
1098:.
1075:.
1052:.
1028:.
1003:.
848:e
841:t
834:v
124:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
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66:·
39:.
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