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611:. This marriage is held to have taken place in 277 BC, and a recently discovered inscription shows that Arsinoë died in 270, in the fifteenth year of her brother's reign. This poem, therefore, together with xv, which Theocritus wrote to please Arsinoë must fall within this period. The encomium upon Hiero II would seem prior to that upon Ptolemy, since in it Theocritus is a hungry poet seeking for a patron, while in the other he is well satisfied with the world. Now Hiero first came to the front in 275 when he was made General: Theocritus speaks of his achievements as still to come, and the silence of the poet would show that Hiero's marriage to Phulistis, his victory over the Mamertines at the Longanus and his election as "King", events which are ascribed to 270, had not yet taken place. If so, 17 and 15 can only have been written within 275 and 270.
104:
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417:, and Aphrodite herself, interrogate the shepherd about his lovesickness. As Daphnis lies dying, Priapus asks: "Wretched Daphnis, why pinest thou?"; Hermes inquires: "Daphnis, who wastes thee away?" Alongside these mythological figures appear shepherds and goatherds, who likewise wonder "what harm had befallen" Daphnis. Finally, Aphrodite, the goddess of love, appears to taunt Daphnis for his hubris: "Thou indeed, Daphnis, didst boast that thou wouldst bend Love! Hast not thou, in thine own person, been bent by grievous love?" The failure of these figures to comfort Daphnis in his dying moments thematizes classical beliefs about the folly of mortals who challenge the gods.
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36:
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627:. The first is a very graceful poem presented together with a distaff to Theugenis, wife of Nicias, a doctor of Miletus, on the occasion of a voyage thither undertaken by the poet. The theme of 29 is similar to that of 12. A very corrupt poem, only found in one very late manuscript, was discovered by Ziegler in 1864. As the subject and style very closely resemble that of 29, it is assigned to Theocritus by recent editors.
500:. In the best manuscript 2 comes immediately before 14, an arrangement which is obviously right, since it places the three mimes together. The second place in the manuscripts is occupied by Idyll 7, the "Harvest Feast." Chisholm praises the mimes, saying "These three mimes are wonderfully natural and lifelike. There is nothing in ancient literature so vivid and real as the chatter of Gorgo and Praxinoë, and the
480:, in which the second singer takes the subject chosen by the first and contributes a variation on the same theme. It may be noted that Theocritus' rustic characters differ greatly in refinement. Those in "Idyll 5" are low fellows who indulge in coarse abuse. Idylls 4 and 5 are laid in the neighborhood of Croton, and we may infer that Theocritus was personally acquainted with
253:) commonly attributed to him have little claim to authenticity. It is clear that at a very early date two collections were made: one consisting of poems whose authorship was doubtful yet formed a corpus of bucolic poetry, the other a strict collection of those works considered to have been composed by Theocritus himself.
307:
and is said to have been the first editor of these poems. He says, "The Muses of country song were once scattered, but now they are all together in one pen, in one flock." The second epigram is anonymous, and runs as follows: "The Chian is another man, but I, Theocritus, who wrote these poems, am one
487:
Suspicion has been cast upon idylls 8 and 9 on various grounds. An extreme view holds that within "Idyll 9" there exist two genuine
Theocritean fragments, ll.7-13 and 15–20, describing the joys of summer and winter respectively, which have been provided with a clumsy preface, ll.1-6, while an early
1323:
527:
on account of the crudity of the language, which sometimes degenerates into doggerel. However, Chisholm considered it genuine, arguing that
Theocritus had intentionally used realistic language for the sake of dramatic effect and that the manuscript evidence supported its genuineness.
488:
editor of a bucolic collection has appended an epilogue in which he takes leave of the
Bucolic Muses. On the other hand, it is clear that both poems were in Virgil's Theocritus, and that they passed the scrutiny of the editor who formed the short collection of Theocritean Bucolics.
661:
has been much admired. It is addressed to
Diophantus and conveys a moral, that one should work and not dream, illustrated by the story of an old fisherman who dreams that he has caught a fish of gold and narrates his vision to his mate. As
491:
The mimes are three in number: 2, 14, and 15. In 2 Simaetha, deserted by
Delphis, tells the story of her love to the moon; in 14 Aeschines narrates his quarrel with his sweetheart, and is advised to go to Egypt and enlist in the army of
329:, who says: "Theocritus wrote the so-called bucolic poems in the Doric dialect. Some persons also attribute to him the following: Daughters of Proetus, Hopes, Hymns, Heroines, Dirges, Lyrics, Elegies, Iambics, Epigrams."
1295:
308:
of the great populace of
Syracuse, the son of Praxagoras and renowned Philinna; and the Muse I have adopted is no alien." The last line may mean that he wrote nothing but bucolic poems, or that he only wrote in
670:
by
Diophantus, the fisher, it is likely that the author of this poem was an imitator of Leonidas. It can hardly be by Leonidas himself, who was a contemporary of Theocritus, as it bears marks of lateness.
445:. The poet speaks in the first person and is called Simichidas by his friends. Other poets are introduced under feigned names. Ancient critics identified the character Sicelidas of Samos with
323:
7—which made him the son of one
Simichus. A larger collection, possibly more extensive than that of Artemidorus, and including poems of doubtful authenticity, was known to the author of the
657:. These three poems are remarkable for the corrupt state of their text, which makes it likely that they have come from the same source and possibly are by the same author. The
603:
From another point of view, however, these two poems 16 and 17 are supremely interesting, since they are the only ones which can be dated. In 17 Theocritus celebrates the
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calls "the Cretan, the goatherd." Theocritus speaks of himself as having already gained fame, and says that his songs have been brought by report even unto the throne of
428:
and finding solace in song. In "Idyll 6," he is cured of his passion and naively relates how he repulses the overtures now made to him by
Galatea. The monster of Homer's
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592:, has the true bucolic ring. The most that can be said of 22 and 24 is that they are very dramatic. Otherwise they differ little from work done by other poets, such as
1403:
1617:
465:, who cackle against the Chian bard and find their labour lost." Other persons mentioned are Nicias, a physician of Miletus, whose name occurs in other poems, and
540:
386:
The distinction between these is that the scenes of the former are laid in the country and those of the latter in a town. The most famous of the
Bucolics are
241:
Little is known of Theocritus beyond what can be inferred from his writings. We must, however, handle these with some caution, since some of the poems (
409:, dies rather than yielding to a passion the goddess has inflicted on him. In the poem, a series of divine figures from classical mythology, including
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The information concerning his parentage bears the stamp of authenticity, and disposes of a rival theory based upon a misinterpretation of
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Theocritus, Bion and Moschus: Rendered into English Prose with an Introductory Essay by Andrew Lang, (1880), London.
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Poetae bucolici et didactici. Theocritus, Bion, Moschus, Nicander, Oppianus, Marcellus de piscibus, poeta de herbis
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Theocritus Bion and Moschus (1913) Translated into English Verse by Arthur S. Way. Cambridge University Press.
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The Pipes of Pan: Intertextuality and Literary Filiation in the Pastoral Tradition from Theocritus to Milton.
1139:. Edited by Annette Harder, R. F. Regtuit, and G. C. Wakker, 119–148. Groningen, The Netherlands: E. Forsten.
582:. In 13 he makes use of word-painting; in 16 there is some delicate fancy in the description of his poems as
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In addition to the Bucolics and Mimes, there are three poems which cannot be brought into any other class:
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588:, and a passage at the end, where he foretells the joys of peace after the enemy have been driven out of
17:
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Theocritus, Bion et Moschus graece et latine. Accedunt virorum doctorum animadversiones scholia, indices
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Theocritus, Bion et Moschus graece et latine. Accedunt virorum doctorum animadversiones scholia, indices
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1372:
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Köhnken, Adolf. 2001. "Hellenistic Chronology: Theocritus, Callimachus, and Apollonius Rhodes." In
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718:
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Several of the other bucolic poems consist of singing-matches, conducted according to the rules of
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Edited by Theodore D. Papanghelis and Antonios Rengakos, 73–92. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
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has been "written up to date" after the Alexandrian manner and has become a gentle simpleton.
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300:
358:. The other classes are all represented in the larger collection which has come down to us.
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are also attributed to Theocritus, many of them considered to be of doubtful authenticity.
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642:. The poem is anonymous in the manuscripts and the conception of Love is not Theocritean.
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425:
1381:, Fr. Dübner, U. Cats Bussemaker (ed.), Parisiis, editore Ambrosio Firmin Didot, 1849,
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History of Classical Scholarship from the Beginnings to the End of the Hellenistic Age.
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449:, and the character Lycidas, "the goatherd of Cydonia," with the poet Astacides, whom
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783:
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Walsh, George B. 1990. "Surprised by Self: Audible Thought in Hellenistic Poetry."
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312:. The assertion that he was from Syracuse appears to be upheld by allusions in the
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162:
116:
1350:, C. Fr. Ameis, F. S. Lehrs (ed.), Parisiis, editore Ambrosio Firmin Didot, 1862,
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441:, is the most important of the bucolic poems. The scene is laid in the isle of
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wrote epigrams on fishermen, and one of them is a dedication of his tackle to
1674:
1371:, T. Kiessling (ed.), Londini, sumtibus Whittaker, Treacher, et Arnot, 1829,
1340:, T. Kiessling (ed.), Londini, sumtibus Whittaker, Treacher, et Arnot, 1829,
1135:
Gutzwiller, Kathryn J. 1996. "The Evidence for Theocritean Poetry Books." In
1070:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 760–762.
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1048:
481:
276:
227:
223:
1179:"Penelopean Simaetha: A Flawed Paradigm of Femininity in Theocritus’ Second
678:, which is anonymous in the manuscript and appears to be by a later writer.
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Damon, Cynthia. 1995. "Narrative and Mimesis in the Idylls of Theocritus."
620:
1555:
1535:
1510:
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Mastronarde, Donald. J. 1968. "Theocritus' Idyll 13: Love and the Hero."
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The Idylls of Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus, and the War-songs of Tyrtæus
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309:
148:
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Bowie, Ewen L. 1985. "Theocritus' Seventh Idyll, Philetas and Longus."
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Scholia in Theocritum. Scholia et paraphrases in Nicandrum et Oppianum
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350:; elegiacs are found in 8.33—60, and the spurious epitaph on
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Three of these are Hymns: 16, 17, and 22. In 16, the poet praises
461:, the veteran poet of Kos, and criticizes "the fledgelings of the
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Garson, R. W. 1971. "Theocritean Elements in Virgil's Eclogues."
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The following poems are now generally considered to be spurious:
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Two of these are certainly by Theocritus, 28 and 29, composed in
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The Green Cabinet: Theocritus and the European Pastoral Lyric.
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Theocritus. The Greek text with translation and commentary by
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984:. Trans. J. Banks. London: Bell and Daldy, 1870. 1-9. Print.
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Online text: Theocritus translation by J. M. Edmonds, 1912
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The Epigrams Ascribed to Theocritus: A Method of Approach.
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Theocritus's Urban Mimes: Mobility, Gender, and Patronage.
174:
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Fantuzzi, Marco, and Theodore D. Papanghelis, eds. 2006.
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is preserved by two epigrams, one of which proceeds from
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for a while, where he wrote about everyday life, notably
183:
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Féminités hellénistiques: Voix, genre, représentations
1185:, in C. Cusset, P. Belenfant and C.-E. Nardone (eds),
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469:, whom the scholiasts identify with the author of the
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Transactions of the American Philological Association
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177:
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Theocritus and things: material agency in the Idylls
405:, the mythical herdsman, having defied the power of
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6.48. The spurious poem 21 may have been one of the
280:. It is also speculated that Theocritus was born in
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180:
935:
887:
401:In "Idyll 1" Thyrsis sings to a goatherd about how
171:
607:marriage of Ptolemy Philadelphus with his sister
496:; in 15 Gorgo and Praxinoë go to the festival of
270:, as his "countryman." He also probably lived in
1672:
1333:An ancient life of Theocritus, from the scholia
1158:Theocritus and the Archaeology of Greek Poetry.
1286:Works by Theocritus at Perseus Digital Library
1144:Brill's Companion to Greek and Latin Pastoral.
920:9.434, translated by N. Hopkinson (2015), p.7.
908:9.205, translated by N. Hopkinson (2015), p.8.
1404:
1189:(Hellenistica Groningana 25) (Leuven) 387–405
523:The genuineness of the last was attacked by
501:
214:; born c. 300 BC, died after 260 BC) was a
1411:
1397:
1160:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
710:(1925 Albert & Charles Boni, New York)
532:quotes from it as the work of Theocritus.
424:is depicted as in love with the sea-nymph
332:The first of these may have been known to
102:
1203:Berkeley: University of California Press.
1100:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
1092:Berkeley: University of California Press.
855:Learn how and when to remove this message
303:, a grammarian, who lived in the time of
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1153:Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
1095:
818:This article includes a list of general
539:
365:
288:, and lived in Egypt during the time of
43:This article includes a list of general
574:. The other poems are 13, the story of
346:, and poem 26 may have been one of the
14:
1673:
1726:Epigrammatists of the Greek Anthology
1392:
1291:A Hellenistic Bibliography:Theocritus
1116:Quaderni urbinati di cultura classica
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24:
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824:it lacks sufficient corresponding
782:with an introduction and notes by
525:Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1742:
1221:
630:
336:, who refers to the Proetides at
1165:Companion to Apollonius Rhodius.
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809:
161:
34:
1146:Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
1132:Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
1033:
796:, Cambridge MA - London (2015).
749:Theocritus: Idylls and Epigrams
721:. Illustrated with woodcuts by
516:18, the marriage-song of Helen;
513:12, a poem to a beautiful youth
1418:
1128:Griffiths, Frederick T. 1979.
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987:
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715:The Second and Seventh Idylls
373:: Illustration of Theocritus
1324:Works by or about Theocritus
1276:Resources in other libraries
1252:Resources in other libraries
1199:Rosenmeyer, Thomas G. 1969.
7:
1706:Ancient Greek bucolic poets
1696:3rd-century BC Greek people
792:, edited and translated by
688:
519:26, the murder of Pentheus.
10:
1747:
1210:Louvain, Belgium: Peeters.
786:, Oxford University Press.
249:
206:
1630:
1605:
1579:
1433:
1426:
1271:Resources in your library
1247:Resources in your library
1156:Hunter, Richard L. 1996.
1149:Hubbard, Thomas K. 1998.
790:Theocritus, Moschus, Bion
772:, tr. Robert Wells (1988)
735:(2nd ed. 1952, Cambridge)
614:
354:may have been one of the
284:, lived on the island of
140:
130:
122:
110:
101:
94:
27:3rd-century BC Greek poet
1192:Pfeiffer, Rudolf. 1968.
1177:Nelson, Thomas J. 2020.
1096:Canevaro, Lilah (2023).
770:The Idylls of Theocritus
759:Theocritus - A Selection
739:Theocritus: Select Poems
719:Charles Stuart Calverley
704:The Idylls of Theocritus
676:Heracles the Lion-slayer
535:
361:
1367:Scholia at Theocritus:
1067:Encyclopædia Britannica
980:Theocritus. "Idyll I."
877:Encyclopædia Britannica
839:more precise citations.
778:, (2003) translated by
761:, (1999) commentary by
751:, (1982) translated by
741:, (1971) commentary by
316:(7.7, 28.16–18).
236:
64:more precise citations.
1721:Poets of Magna Graecia
1088:Burton, Joan B. 1995.
717:(1927), translated by
578:, and 24 the youthful
559:
502:
378:
755:, Atheneum, New York.
543:
369:
301:Artemidorus of Tarsus
264:, the Cyclops in the
226:, and the creator of
1701:3rd-century BC poets
1306:English translations
1206:Rossi, Laura. 2001.
1130:Theocritus at Court.
1054:Clark, Albert Curtis
725:(John Lane, London).
664:Leonidas of Tarentum
576:Hylas and the Nymphs
568:Ptolemy Philadelphus
564:Hiero II of Syracuse
551:Hylas and the Nymphs
494:Ptolemy Philadelphus
447:Asclepiades of Samos
377:, lines 12-14 (1779)
375:Idyll 1 Θύρσις ἢ ᾠδή
295:The record of these
256:Theocritus was from
1681:Ancient Greek poets
1315:Works by Theocritus
1304:Poems by Theocritus
1215:Classical Philology
1123:Classical Quarterly
1083:Classical Quarterly
1026:, pp. 761–762.
998:English translation
932:, pp. 760–761.
640:Love stealing Honey
558:694, 2nd century AD
1716:Aeolic Greek poets
1686:Ancient Syracusans
1196:Oxford: Clarendon.
776:Theocritus: Idylls
598:Apollonius Rhodius
560:
382:Bucolics and mimes
379:
260:, as he refers to
1731:Hellenistic poets
1711:Doric Greek poets
1668:
1667:
1626:
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1373:vol. 2 pp. 15-133
1319:Project Gutenberg
1228:Library resources
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1328:Internet Archive
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934:
922:
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898:
896:, p. 760.
886:
867:
866:
863:
862:
817:
815:
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802:
799:
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794:Neil Hopkinson
787:
784:Richard Hunter
780:Anthony Verity
773:
766:
763:Richard Hunter
756:
746:
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708:R.C. Trevelyan
700:
697:
690:
687:
632:
631:Spurious works
629:
625:Aeolic dialect
616:
613:
537:
534:
521:
520:
517:
514:
420:In "Idyll 11"
383:
380:
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238:
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1049:public domain
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544:Theocritus's
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489:
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482:Magna Graecia
479:
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460:
457:. He praises
456:
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439:Harvest Feast
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228:Ancient Greek
225:
224:Magna Graecia
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158:
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84:
81:
73:
70:February 2012
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1657:
1613:Inscriptions
1561:Idyll XXVIII
1419:
1378:
1368:
1359:
1347:
1337:
1299:, Theocritus
1296:
1266:Online books
1259:
1242:Online books
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1157:
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1034:Bibliography
1019:
1013:
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875:
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842:
823:
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775:
769:
768:Theocritus,
765:, Cambridge.
758:
748:
738:
729:
728:Theocritus,
714:
713:Theocritus,
703:
702:Theocritus,
680:
675:
673:
658:
654:
650:
646:
644:
639:
637:
634:
621:Aeolic verse
618:
602:
583:
575:
561:
549:
545:
522:
508:
503:voces populi
490:
486:
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275:
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255:
242:
240:
211:
156:
155:
126:after 260 BC
76:
67:
48:
1556:Idyll XXVII
1536:Idyll XXIII
1511:Idyll XVIII
1174:99:273–290.
1125:21:188–203.
1118:51:101–123.
837:introducing
623:and in the
594:Callimachus
451:Callimachus
62:introducing
18:Theocritean
1675:Categories
1566:Idyll XXIX
1551:Idyll XXVI
1541:Idyll XXIV
1531:Idyll XXII
1506:Idyll XVII
1496:Idyll XIII
1471:Idyll VIII
1420:Theocritus
1233:Theocritus
1137:Theocritus
1058:Theocritus
1024:Clark 1911
969:Clark 1911
930:Clark 1911
894:Clark 1911
820:references
801:References
753:Daryl Hine
743:K.J. Dover
732:A.S.F. Gow
605:incestuous
530:Eustathius
422:Polyphemus
297:recensions
290:Ptolemy II
272:Alexandria
262:Polyphemus
218:poet from
212:Theokritos
157:Theocritus
131:Occupation
96:Theocritus
45:references
1618:Fragments
1592:Idyll XIV
1571:Idyll XXX
1546:Idyll XXV
1526:Idyll XXI
1516:Idyll XIX
1501:Idyll XVI
1491:Idyll XII
1466:Idyll VII
1446:Idyll III
1383:pp. 1-170
1085:35:67–91.
1056:(1911). "
745:, London.
659:Fishermen
651:Fishermen
471:Phenomena
407:Aphrodite
207:Θεόκριτος
114:c. 300 BC
1659:Eclogues
1643:Pastoral
1597:Idyll XV
1587:Idyll II
1521:Idyll XX
1486:Idyll XI
1476:Idyll IX
1461:Idyll VI
1451:Idyll IV
1434:Bucolics
1352:pp. 1-66
1217:85:1–21.
689:Editions
683:Epigrams
668:Poseidon
647:Herdsman
585:Charites
580:Heracles
572:Dioscuri
566:, in 17
506:in 15".
459:Philitas
394:, 7 and
348:Heroines
282:Syracuse
250:Εἰδύλλια
145:Pastoral
117:Syracuse
1653:Moschus
1631:Related
1481:Idyll X
1456:Idyll V
1441:Idyll I
1360:Scholia
1326:at the
1064:(ed.).
1051::
994:Scholia
833:improve
609:Arsinoë
556:P. Oxy.
431:Odyssey
426:Galatea
415:Priapus
403:Daphnis
339:Eclogue
267:Odyssey
58:improve
1230:about
1104:
1060:". In
1045:
822:, but
653:, 23.
649:, 21.
615:Lyrics
590:Sicily
498:Adonis
467:Aratus
411:Hermes
356:Dirges
334:Virgil
314:Idylls
258:Sicily
244:Idylls
220:Sicily
47:, but
1638:Idyll
1606:Other
1580:Mimes
1427:Works
1181:Idyll
1012:7.518
546:Idyll
536:Epics
362:Works
344:Hopes
321:Idyll
310:Doric
305:Sulla
216:Greek
202:Greek
141:Genre
1648:Bion
1297:Suda
1102:ISBN
681:24.
674:25.
645:20.
638:19.
596:and
548:13,
463:Muse
455:Zeus
352:Bion
326:Suda
237:Life
149:epic
135:Poet
123:Died
111:Born
1317:at
443:Kos
286:Kos
1677::
1010:AP
937:^
918:AP
906:AP
880:,
600:.
554:.
484:.
473:.
413:,
398:.
396:11
390:,
292:.
247:;
233:.
222:,
210:,
204::
200:;
169:iː
147:,
1412:e
1405:t
1398:v
1385:.
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1354:.
1344:.
1183:"
1110:.
1000:.
884:.
858:)
852:(
847:)
843:(
829:.
392:6
388:1
196:/
193:s
190:ə
187:t
184:ɪ
181:r
178:k
175:ɒ
172:ˈ
166:θ
163:/
159:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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