617:
22:
1522:
378:), Neustettin, Nuebrandenburg, Schwerin, heading for Lübeck but diverting south to Wittenberge, Stendal (after crossing the frozen Elbe), Magdeburg, Halle (just north of Leipzig), Luckenwalde, Belzig, Brandenburg, eastwards towards Potsdam and then in the direction of Berlin. Waite estimated the distance covered as 1,600 kilometres (990 mi). Comparison of this route with Schirmer's description of the three lines of march may suggest to the reader that his group started on the northern line of march and finished on the central one.
157:". It put the German civilian population on total war footing and issued instructions for preparations for evacuations of "foreign labour" (slave labour) and civilians away from the advancing Soviet Army in the east. Item 6(a) called for "preparations for moving prisoners of war to the rear". This prolonged the war for hundreds of thousands of Allied personnel, as well as causing them severe hardship, starvation, injuries and/or death.
471:
with items that could not be carried. Some even discarded their greatcoats, hoping that the weather did not turn cold again. As the columns reached the western side of
Germany they ran into the advancing western Allied armies. For some, this brought liberation. Others were not so lucky. They were marched towards the
1294:"List of British personnel killed by low flying a/c at Gresse, on April 19th, 1945. Interred at Gresse churchyard on April 19th and 20th, 1945" and "List of men taken to hospital with injuries following a/c attack at Gresse" from the Canadian Department of National Defence's Directorate of Military History
417:
available, so teams of POWs pulled the wagons through the snow. Sometimes the guards and prisoners became dependent on each other, other times the guards became increasingly hostile. Passing through some villages, the residents would throw bricks and stones, and in others, the residents would share
554:
that between
September 1944 and May 1945, hundreds of thousands of American and Allied prisoners of war were compelled to undertake forced marches in severe weather without adequate rest, shelter, food, clothing and medical supplies; and that such forced marches, conducted under the authority of the
509:
Nichol and
Rennell, after detailed enquiries with the British authorities, concluded that no consolidated figures for deaths of British and Commonwealth POWs was kept. They are only able to put forward a "guess" of between 2,500 and 3,500 American, British and Commonwealth POW deaths on the marches.
440:
delegate in
Germany, 80% of the POWs on the northern line of march were suffering from this disease. Sufferers had the indignity of soiling themselves whilst having to continue to march, and being further weakened by the debilitating effects of illness. Dysentery was easily spread from one group to
470:
As winter drew to a close, suffering from the cold abated and some of the German guards became less harsh in their treatment of POWs. But the thaw rendered useless the sledges made by many POWs to carry spare clothing, carefully preserved food supplies and other items. So, the route became littered
409:
In most camps, the POWs were broken up in groups of 250 to 300 men and because of the inadequate roads and the flow of battle, not all the prisoners followed the same route. The groups would march 20–40 km (12–25 mi) a day, resting in factories, churches, barns and even in the open. Soon
524:
website. The casualties of the March who have a known grave have mostly been reburied in the larger war cemeteries in
Germany. In cemeteries away from the line of advance of Commonwealth troops, army (as opposed to air force) casualties from January 1945 onwards have a high chance of representing
828:
29 January 1945 - Stalag IID Stargard (now
Stargard Szczeciński, Poland) was evacuated. Almost a thousand men struggled into formation. There were about five-hundred Russians, two-hundred Frenchmen, one-hundred Americans and twenty-five Canadians in the march. The POWs were put on a forced march
405:
January and
February 1945 were among the coldest winter months of the 20th century in Europe, with blizzards and temperatures as low as –25 °C (–13 °F), and even until the middle of March, temperatures were well below 0 °C (32 °F). Most of the POWs were ill-prepared for the
567:
had surprised the
Germans, who had planned to transport the POWs by train. He stated that he had protested against the decision made by Hitler. According to Berger, he was "without power or authority to countermand or avoid the order". He was acquitted due to these statements and the lack of
103:, German authorities decided to evacuate POW camps, to delay liberation of the prisoners. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of German civilian refugees, most of them women and children, as well as civilians of other nationalities, were also making their way westward on foot.
428:
With so little food they were reduced to scavenging to survive. Some were reduced to eating dogs and cats — and even rats and grass—anything they could obtain. Already underweight from years of prison rations, some were at half their pre-war body weight by the end.
533:
or appearing on the
Dunkirk Memorial total 469; this must exclude RAF and Naval personnel, POWs buried in other cemeteries, or those with unknown graves who were taken prisoner in other campaigns. This may be consistent with the 2,200 estimated total shown above.
475:, where Nazis were rumoured to be using POWs as human shields and hostages. It was later estimated that a large number of POWs had marched over 800 km (500 mi) by the time they were liberated, and some had walked nearly 1,500 km (930 mi).
1571:
287:. In interpreting Schirmer's description, Nichol and Rennell emphasise that the various groups of POWs were distributed across an area of more than 500 square miles (1,300 km), with some still far behind on roads to the west of
373:
The direction of travel was not consistent. An individual group would sometimes travel in circles and end up at a previous stopping point; it often zig-zagged. Charles Waite describes his route as: Marienburg
478:
New
Zealander Norman Jardine explained how, once liberated, his group of POWs were given a revolver by a U.S. Army officer and told to shoot any guards who had treated them unfairly. He stated that "We did!"
1581:
506:, almost 3,500 US and Commonwealth POWs died as a result of the marches. It is possible that some of these deaths occurred before the death marches, but the marches would have claimed the vast majority.
160:
In the later stages of the war there were great concerns among POWs over the motives for moving them westward. Many different and conflicting rumours abounded, including suggestions that:
502:
total was close to 180,000 and while no accurate records exist, if a similar casualty rate is assumed, the number who died would be around 2,200. Therefore, according to a report by the
456:
In addition to these conditions were the dangers from air attack by Allied forces mistaking the POWs for retreating columns of German troops. On April 19, 1945, at a village called
418:
their last food. Some groups of prisoners were joined by German civilians who were also fleeing from the Russians. Some who tried to escape or could not go on were shot by guards.
1075:
PoW Charles Waite was in a group which crossed the Oder at Stettin (Szczecin); shortly after this, the bridge was blown up. They crossed the Elbe by walking across the frozen river.
530:
251:, the camp closest to the Russian advance, were transported to Stalag XX-A by train in July 1944, and so took part in the evacuation from there. (This is the group that included
425:
could result; if they removed them, they may not get their swollen feet back into their boots in the morning or get frostbite. Worse still, the boots could freeze or be stolen.
453:, was a risk for all POWs, but was now increased by using overnight shelter previously occupied by infected groups. Some men simply froze to death in their sleep.
1409:
Trials of War criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No 10, Vol. XIII (Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 1952
1822:
175:
POWs would be force-marched until their deaths from exhaustion, a practice that had already been made notorious by the Japanese military (see, for instance:
114:
at Gross Tychow in Pomerania the prisoners faced an 800 km (500 mi) trek in blizzard conditions across Germany, during which hundreds died, and;
563:
to remove POWs from a potential combat zone, as long as it did not put their lives in even greater danger. He also claimed that the rapid advance of the
490:, and the first prisoners of war were repatriated by air. Bomber Command flew 2,900 sorties over the next 23 days, carrying 72,500 prisoners of war.
437:
220:
410:
long columns of POWs were wandering over the northern part of Germany with little or nothing in the way of food, clothing, shelter or medical care.
1199:
517:
official closely involved with the POW camps put the number of Commonwealth and American POW deaths at 8,348 between September 1944 and May 1945.
513:
Other estimates vary greatly, with one magazine for former POWs putting the number of deaths from the Gross Tychow march alone at 1,500. A senior
413:
Prisoners from different camps had different experiences: sometimes the Germans provided farm wagons for those unable to walk. There seldom were
1612:
560:
503:
60:
in extreme winter conditions, over about four months between January and April 1945. This series of events has been called various names: "
45:
432:
Because of the unsanitary conditions and a near starvation diet, hundreds of POWs died of disease along the way and many more were ill.
529:, and the date of death suggests whether or not it occurred on the March. Army casualties in 1945 buried at Durnbach War Cemetery, the
1097:
593:
and then to Austria where he met with them twice before they were returned to American forces. Berger claimed that he had saved the
385:
at Heydekrug beginning in July 1944 was the first of the series of marches known as the Long March. The POWs were marched either to
525:
POWs who died on the March. For POW casualties with no known graves, their names should appear on a campaign memorial, such as the
231:. He had knowledge of the overall POW situation in Germany, and his report described three main POW evacuation routes to the west:
198:(1948), that Hitler had considered a threat to execute 35,000 POWs, unless the Allies agreed to a peace deal. Similarly, SS chief
223:
delegate in northern Germany when the evacuation of POW camps was taking place. His situation report was received in London and
1812:
441:
another when they followed the same route and rested in the same places. Many POWs suffered from frostbite which could lead to
1492:
1460:
1229:
1046:
1602:
1372:
555:
defendant Berger, chief of Prisoner-of-War Affairs, resulted in great privation and deaths to many thousands of prisoners.
498:
The total number of US POWs in Germany was in the region of 93,000-94,000 and official sources claim that 1,121 died. The
1268:
729:, Poland, begins in blizzard conditions – 1,500 prisoners were force marched then loaded onto cattle trucks and taken to
616:
521:
169:
575:
and sentenced to 25 years in prison. The sentence was reduced to 10 years in 1951 because of his refusal to kill the "
406:
evacuation, having suffered years of poor rations and wearing clothing ill-suited to the appalling winter conditions.
1478:
1325:
Annual report of the DVA Advisory Committee on Former Prisoners of War, in cooperation with the Department of Defense
1166:
1110:
487:
737:, south of Berlin. Evacuation of work party 344 at (Piaski), part of Stalag VIIB, prisoners commenced march on foot.
940:
1099:
Political Migrations in Poland 1939-1948. 8. Evacuation and flight of the German population to the Potsdam Germany
1376:
1588:
WWII Memories featuring the account of Danny Dorlin's Death March, along with others and personal PoW accounts
550:
in 1947. In 1949 there was an attempt to assign blame for the marches against Berger and the indictment read:
21:
100:
1389:
1196:
1827:
867:
was evacuated. The POWs marched across Germany to Stalag IX-B near Bad Orb, and arrive there 16 March.
1036:
1817:
1026:
984:
460:, 30 Allied POWs died and 30 were seriously injured (possibly fatally) when strafed by a flight of
421:
Those with intact boots had the dilemma of whether to remove them at night - if they left them on,
252:
1556:
1304:
676:
338:
182:
They would be held hostage to leverage peace deals, including claims that they would be held at a
1592:
499:
1566:
279:, however, for most, Fallingbostel was their final destination. The route involved crossing the
1616:
1021:
38:
1584:
Account by Alban Snape of his time in a sugar factory and following long march of Jan-May 1945
1673:
1607:
798:
589:), despite direct orders from Hitler. He had helped these prisoners escape by moving them to
1056:
381:
According to Nichol and Rennell, the forced march of thousands of western Allied POWs from
1521:
1116:
520:
It is possible to get an impression of the casualty rate among Commonwealth POWs from the
8:
933:
602:
194:, who was appointed general commander of POW camps during 1944. Berger stated during his
1031:
483:
176:
165:
122:
25:
A drawing of Australian POWs being marched through Germany during the winter of 1944-45
1516:
1488:
1474:
1456:
1225:
1162:
1106:
1269:
World War II forum discussion mentioning Gresse friendly-fire incident & sources
994:
568:
eyewitness evidence—most ex-POWs were completely unaware of the trial taking place.
1505:
547:
546:, who was put in charge of POW camps in 1944, was arrested and put on trial in the
526:
199:
195:
34:
1546:
1540:
1133:
227:
on 18 February 1945. He is likely to have seen a group of marchers on the road in
207:
1736:
1450:
1248:
1203:
1051:
829:
along a northern route in blizzard conditions via Settin (Szczecin) to arrive at
782:
461:
129:
41:
1746:
1741:
1731:
922:
837:
680:
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625:
586:
543:
464:
386:
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346:
256:
248:
244:
191:
150:
111:
53:
1597:
1535:
756:
311:
1806:
1751:
1726:
1693:
1688:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1543:
An account by RAF Warrant Officer Joseph Fusniak, BEM (still alive Sept 2010)
929:
911:
896:
871:
860:
849:
806:
722:
688:
672:
572:
350:
334:
315:
307:
295:
272:
224:
121:, known as the "Lamsdorf Death March", which was similar to the better-known
118:
1282:
Not All Glory: True Accounts of RAF Airmen Taken Prisoner in Europe, 1939-45
661:
650:
390:
389:
at Gross Tychow (a journey which also involved a 60-hour journey by ship to
291:(Gdansk): so the reality was much less organised than it might first appear.
255:.) Schirmer estimated that 100,000 POWs took the northern route. It went to
1708:
1643:
1633:
1609:
1305:"Forced marches - Prisoners of War - NZHistory, New Zealand history online"
1041:
1008:
976:
962:
954:
852:. Many prisoners were then marched from here at the end of the war towards
814:
790:
730:
715:
696:
358:
323:
183:
146:
142:
1774:
1703:
1698:
1683:
1678:
1663:
1638:
1628:
1525:)- 3-part video documentary, dir. Stephen Saunders - ASA, Stafford, 2011.
1001:
958:
907:
889:
845:
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767:
741:
734:
665:
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638:
621:
422:
394:
375:
327:
268:
240:
236:
96:
1510:
990:
30 April 1945 – Berlin falls to the Red Army and Hitler commits suicide.
397:
at Thorn in Poland (with part of the distance covered by cattle train).
1769:
1668:
1551:
969:
918:
864:
786:
582:
577:
472:
203:
875:
275:. Some prisoners were marched from here at the end of the war towards
33:" refers to a series of forced marches during the final stages of the
1161:. Translated by Winther, Egede. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.
900:
841:
810:
726:
692:
642:
450:
433:
354:
342:
319:
299:
260:
228:
16:
Death march during the final months of the Second World War in Europe
1452:
Law and War: International Law and American History, Revised Edition
853:
649:
at Gross Tychow involving a force march and 60hr journey by ship to
620:
Two survivors of the March pictured in front of a damaged Luftwaffe
276:
1779:
980:
818:
711:
700:
564:
442:
362:
1557:
Norman Jardine's Diary of a Forced March of POWs, January-May 1945
745:
1587:
1249:"Henry Owens, Long (Baltic) March, 1945 - 51st Highland Division"
882:
881:
14 February 1945 – Commonwealth and US bomber squadrons attacked
822:
771:
760:
704:
684:
671:
27 December 1944 to April 1945 – POWs at Stalag VIII-B (formerly
598:
590:
366:
303:
264:
57:
1007:
12 May 1945 – The Red Army releases Commonwealth and US POWs at
206:
coastal region and set up a new headquarters in a castle on the
1224:(Kindle ed.). Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press.
947:
802:
775:
749:
457:
446:
288:
49:
1576:
946:
19 April 1945 – POW column was attacked by allied aircraft at
559:
Berger argued that it was in fact the Germans' duty under the
1593:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/categories/c55391/
1582:
Ersatz Krieg: A True Story of Men Captured, But Not Conquered
1197:
The Last Escape - John Nichol, Tony Rennell - 2002 Penguin UK
581:" (famous or high-ranking Allied officers), who were held at
414:
154:
306:(now Poland), via Stalag 344 (formerly and usually known as
571:
However, in 1949, Berger was convicted for his role in the
514:
284:
280:
187:
170:
deliberate targeting of civilians in cities such as Dresden
608:
Berger was released from prison in 1951 and died in 1975.
1222:
Survivor of the Long March: Five Years as a PoW 1940-1945
1000:
10 May 1945 – The last POWs evacuated from Stalag 357 /
781:
27 January 1945 to February 1945 – evacuation began at
48:, over 80,000 POWs were forced to march westward across
1351:
1412:
1336:
John Frisbee & George Guderley, "Lest We Forget",
1561:
214:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1387:
1349:
333:The "southern route", from Stalag VIII-B (formerly
153:, "concerning preparations for the defence of the
1455:. New York, New York: Columbia University Press.
1175:
1804:
1567:Evacuation of Fallinbostel POW camp - April 1945
968:27 April 1945 – US and Soviet forces met at the
836:6 February 1945 to March 1945 – Evacuation from
168:to be killed, in revenge for Allied commanders'
1487:. Shamrock Publications, Salt Spring Island BC
1219:
1436:Of Stirlings and Stalags: An air-gunner's tale
1152:
1150:
611:
1823:World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Germany
330:, 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Berlin.
1279:
1156:
436:was common: according to Robert Schirmer, a
1598:http://www.lamsdorf.com/the-long-march.html
1536:http://www.lamsdorf.com/the-long-march.html
1147:
1520:
993:4 May 1945 – German forces surrendered on
1095:
493:
235:The "northern route", included POWs from
190:. This claim was backed up by SS General
1220:Waite, Charles; La Vardera, Dee (2012).
1089:
844:began an eighty-six-day forced march to
653:, or by force march and cattle train to
615:
537:
20:
1448:
1418:
1215:
1213:
1211:
660:24 December 1944 – POW work camps near
202:had made similar plans, centred on the
145:issued an order from his headquarters,
1805:
1243:
1241:
766:23 January 1945 – Evacuation began at
88:", but most survivors just called it "
1606:
1047:List of German World War II POW camps
833:, Neubrandenburg on February 7, 1945.
1208:
928:16 April 1945 – POWs left behind at
797:, 30 km south of Berlin, or to
605:, who had sent agents to kill them.
1238:
149:, 150 km (93 mi) west of
125:(1942) in terms of mortality rates.
37:in Europe. From a total of 257,000
13:
1674:Marlag und Milag Nord, Westertimke
1471:We've Been A Long Time Coming Boys
1159:Seven Years among Prisoners of War
888:19 March 1945 – Hitler issued the
721:19 January 1945 – evacuation from
522:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
215:Main evacuation routes to the west
14:
1839:
1529:
714:launched offensive in Poland and
679:began their forced march through
504:US Department of Veterans Affairs
941:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
755:22 January 1945 – Stalag 344 at
1428:
1403:
1381:
1365:
1343:
1330:
1318:
1297:
1288:
1004:at Fallingbostel are liberated.
1547:Stalag VIII-B Discussion Board
1273:
1262:
1126:
1069:
633:13 July 1944 – -evacuation of
400:
294:A "central route", started at
164:They were being moved towards
1:
1813:Death marches in World War II
1434:Goodman, W.E. "Bill" (2013).
1082:
531:Berlin 1939-1945 War Cemetery
106:Notorious examples include:
1732:Stalag Luft II Litzmannstadt
1157:Christiansen, Chris (1994).
46:German military prison camps
7:
1742:Stalag Luft IV Gross Tychow
1497:Nichol and Rennell (2003).
1134:"Lamsdorf Death March 1945"
1015:
950:resulting in 60 fatalities.
612:Timeline of POW evacuations
10:
1844:
1469:Morrison, Charles (1989).
1449:Maguire, Peter H. (2013).
983:was liberated by Patton's
136:
86:Death March Across Germany
1788:
1770:Oflag IV-C Colditz Castle
1760:
1717:
1684:Stalag XI-B Fallingbostel
1624:
1541:Lamsdorf Death March 1945
1512:The Long March to Freedom
1506:The Long March to Freedom
1388:Reading Room Manchester.
1350:Reading Room Manchester.
1096:Eberhardt, Piotr (2006).
1037:Death marches (Holocaust)
573:genocide of European Jews
1747:Stalag Luft VI Heydekrug
1689:Stalag XIII-C Hammelburg
1634:Stalag III-A Luckenwalde
1062:
985:Third United States Army
219:Robert Schirmer was the
1720:for air force personnel
1679:Stalag XI-A Altengrabow
1483:MacMahon, John (1995).
1443:For You The War Is Over
1704:Stalag XX-B Marienburg
1694:Stalag XIII-D Nürnberg
1022:Sandakan Death Marches
932:were liberated by the
629:
561:1929 Geneva Convention
557:
494:Total number of deaths
26:
1775:Oflag VII-B Eichstätt
1737:Stalag Luft III Sagan
1669:Stalag X-B Sandbostel
1664:Stalag IX-C Bad Sulza
1659:Stalag VIII-B Teschen
1649:Stalag VIII-A Görlitz
1644:Stalag VII-A Moosburg
1613:prisoner-of-war camps
1377:Durnbach War Cemetery
1105:. Warsaw: Didactica.
799:Marlag und Milag Nord
752:, started evacuation.
619:
552:
538:Blame for the marches
247:. Many of the men in
132:in Silesia to Bavaria
99:was advancing on the
24:
1752:Stalag Luft 7 Bankau
1639:Stalag IV-B Mühlberg
1629:Stalag II-D Stargard
1619:soldiers (1944–1945)
1057:Prisoner-of-war camp
500:British Commonwealth
345:) which led through
196:trial for war crimes
62:The Great March West
1727:Stalag Luft I Barth
1654:Stalag 344 Lamsdorf
1552:Lamsdorf Remembered
1501:. Viking, New York.
1373:Berlin War Cemetery
1027:James "Dixie" Deans
934:British Second Army
870:10 February 1945 –
657:at Thorn in Poland.
603:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
542:SS Generalleutnant
166:concentration camps
1780:Oflag 79 Brunswick
1709:Stalag XXI-D Posen
1441:Kydd, Sam (1974).
1390:"Cemetery Details"
1338:Air Force Magazine
1280:Victor F. Gammon.
1202:2014-02-20 at the
1032:Bataan Death March
910:and Stalag 357 at
859:8 February 1945 –
848:and Stalag 357 at
740:20 January 1945 –
710:12 January 1945 –
695:and finally on to
630:
484:RAF Bomber Command
271:and Stalag 357 at
177:Bataan Death March
123:Bataan Death March
27:
1828:Military marching
1800:
1799:
1699:Stalag XX-A Thorn
1577:stalag-viiib.com
1493:978-0-9684454-0-2
1485:Almost a Lifetime
1462:978-0-231-51819-2
1438:. PublishNation.
1340:, September 1997.
1231:978-0-7524-7752-7
961:was liberated by
925:), was liberated.
840:at Gross Tychow,
628:on 18 April 1945.
322:, then ending at
259:at Gross Tychow,
141:On 19 July 1944,
1835:
1794:The March (1945)
1604:
1603:
1572:catwalkchatt.com
1524:
1466:
1422:
1416:
1410:
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1401:
1400:
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1385:
1379:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1347:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
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1245:
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1217:
1206:
1194:
1173:
1172:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1122:on 26 June 2015.
1121:
1115:. Archived from
1104:
1093:
1076:
1073:
975:29 April 1945 –
953:22 April 1945 –
939:17 April 1945 –
917:16 April 1945 –
725:at Bankau, near
668:) are evacuated.
548:Ministries Trial
527:Dunkirk Memorial
488:Operation Exodus
298:at Bankau, near
200:Heinrich Himmler
184:national redoubt
42:prisoners of war
35:Second World War
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1834:
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1818:Nazi war crimes
1803:
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1499:The Last Escape
1473:. Albyn Press.
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1052:Prisoner of war
1018:
914:were evacuated.
906:6 April 1945 –
895:3 April 1945 –
783:Stalag Luft III
687:, then towards
641:(Heydekrug) in
614:
540:
496:
403:
217:
139:
130:Stalag Luft III
82:The Bread March
78:The Black March
17:
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1530:External links
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1005:
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995:Lüneburg Heath
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988:
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944:
943:was liberated.
937:
926:
923:Colditz Castle
915:
904:
903:was evacuated.
893:
886:
879:
878:was evacuated.
868:
857:
838:Stalag Luft IV
834:
826:
779:
764:
763:was evacuated.
753:
738:
719:
708:
681:Czechoslovakia
669:
658:
647:Stalag Luft IV
635:Stalag Luft VI
626:Celle Airfield
613:
610:
587:Colditz Castle
544:Gottlob Berger
539:
536:
495:
492:
482:On 4 May 1945
402:
399:
387:Stalag Luft IV
383:Stalag Luft VI
371:
370:
357:and then onto
347:Czechoslovakia
341:(not far from
331:
292:
257:Stalag Luft IV
249:Stalag Luft VI
245:Stalag Luft IV
216:
213:
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192:Gottlob Berger
180:
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151:Stalag Luft VI
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112:Stalag Luft IV
66:The Long March
54:Czechoslovakia
39:western Allied
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930:Fallingbostel
927:
924:
920:
916:
913:
912:Fallingbostel
909:
905:
902:
898:
897:Stalag XIII-D
894:
891:
887:
884:
880:
877:
873:
872:Stalag VIII-A
869:
866:
862:
861:Stalag VIII-C
858:
855:
851:
850:Fallingbostel
847:
843:
839:
835:
832:
827:
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820:
816:
812:
808:
807:Stalag XIII-D
804:
800:
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784:
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773:
769:
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754:
751:
747:
743:
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732:
728:
724:
723:Stalag Luft 7
720:
717:
713:
709:
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702:
698:
694:
690:
689:Stalag XIII-D
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:Stalag VIII-D
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667:
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656:
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632:
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623:
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580:
579:
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518:
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501:
491:
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463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
439:
435:
430:
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416:
411:
407:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
377:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:Stalag XIII-D
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:Stalag VIII-D
332:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:Stalag VIII-A
313:
309:
308:Stalag VIII-B
305:
301:
297:
296:Stalag Luft 7
293:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
273:Fallingbostel
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:
232:
230:
226:
222:
209:
208:Bay of Lübeck
205:
201:
197:
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189:
185:
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178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
162:
161:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
131:
127:
124:
120:
119:Stalag VIII-B
117:a march from
116:
113:
109:
108:
107:
104:
102:
101:Eastern front
98:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:The Long Trek
71:
70:The Long Walk
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
1791:
1790:
1763:for officers
1615:for Western
1511:
1504:
1498:
1484:
1470:
1451:
1442:
1435:
1429:Bibliography
1419:Maguire 2013
1414:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1383:
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1345:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1299:
1290:
1281:
1275:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1221:
1158:
1137:. Retrieved
1128:
1117:the original
1098:
1091:
1071:
1042:Phil Lamason
1009:Stalag III-A
977:Stalag VII-A
955:Stalag III-A
815:Stalag VII-A
813:, then onto
791:Stalag III-A
789:, to either
731:Stalag III-A
716:East Prussia
697:Stalag VII-A
607:
594:
576:
570:
558:
553:
541:
519:
512:
508:
497:
486:implemented
481:
477:
469:
455:
449:, spread by
431:
427:
420:
412:
408:
404:
380:
372:
359:Stalag VII-A
324:Stalag III-A
218:
159:
147:Wolfsschanze
143:Adolf Hitler
140:
105:
94:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
30:
28:
18:
1002:Stalag XI-B
959:Luckenwalde
908:Stalag XI-B
890:Nero Decree
846:Stalag XI-B
831:Stalag II-A
795:Luckenwalde
768:Stalag XX-B
742:Stalag XX-A
735:Luckenwalde
666:Kaliningrad
655:Stalag XX-A
645:begins, to
622:Arado Ar 96
423:trench foot
401:The marches
395:Stalag XX-A
376:Stalag XX-B
328:Luckenwalde
269:Stalag XI-B
253:Dixie Deans
241:Stalag XX-A
237:Stalag XX-B
97:Soviet Army
1807:Categories
1352:"Homepage"
1083:References
970:River Elbe
919:Oflag IV-C
772:Marienburg
683:, towards
662:Königsberg
651:Swinemünde
595:Prominente
583:Oflag IV-C
578:Prominente
473:Baltic Sea
391:Swinemünde
349:, towards
281:River Oder
225:Washington
1761:POW camps
1718:POW camps
901:Nuremberg
842:Pomerania
811:Nuremberg
727:Kreuzberg
693:Nuremberg
643:Lithuania
451:body lice
438:Red Cross
434:Dysentery
393:), or to
355:Nuremberg
343:Auschwitz
300:Kreuzburg
263:then via
261:Pomerania
229:Pomerania
221:Red Cross
90:The March
31:The March
1792:See also
1200:Archived
1016:See also
981:Moosburg
819:Moosburg
805:, or to
757:Lamsdorf
712:Red Army
701:Moosburg
565:Red Army
465:Typhoons
443:gangrene
363:Moosburg
312:Lamsdorf
283:and the
84:", and "
44:held in
1562:B24.net
1445:Futura.
1327:, 1999.
965:forces.
883:Dresden
876:Görlitz
823:Bavaria
809:, near
801:, near
761:Silesia
705:Bavaria
685:Dresden
677:Teschen
599:Gestapo
591:Bavaria
367:Bavaria
339:Teschen
320:Görlitz
304:Silesia
265:Stettin
186:in the
137:Motives
95:As the
58:Germany
1617:Allied
1610:German
1519:
1491:
1477:
1459:
1228:
1165:
1109:
963:Soviet
948:Gresse
854:Lübeck
803:Bremen
776:Danzig
750:Poland
639:Šilutė
458:Gresse
447:Typhus
415:horses
289:Danzig
277:Lübeck
204:Baltic
56:, and
50:Poland
1608:Main
1395:6 May
1357:6 May
1310:6 May
1254:6 May
1139:6 May
1120:(PDF)
1103:(PDF)
1063:Notes
865:Sagan
817:near
787:Sagan
746:Thorn
675:) at
664:(now
601:head
597:from
337:) at
314:, to
310:) at
155:Reich
128:from
110:from
1517:IMDb
1489:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1397:2016
1375:and
1359:2016
1312:2016
1256:2016
1226:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1141:2016
1107:ISBN
515:YMCA
285:Elbe
243:and
188:Alps
80:", "
76:", "
72:", "
68:", "
64:", "
1515:at
979:at
957:at
921:, (
899:at
874:at
863:at
793:at
770:at
744:at
733:at
703:in
699:at
691:at
637:at
624:at
462:RAF
365:in
361:at
353:at
326:at
318:at
302:in
267:to
92:".
1809::
1240:^
1210:^
1177:^
1149:^
821:,
785:,
774:,
759:,
748:,
467:.
445:.
239:,
179:).
52:,
1509:(
1465:.
1399:.
1361:.
1314:.
1284:.
1258:.
1234:.
1171:.
1143:.
997:.
987:.
972:.
936:.
892:.
885:.
856:.
825:.
778:.
718:.
707:.
585:(
374:(
369:.
210:.
172:.
29:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
