Thales of Miletus - Knowledge

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gained many victories over the Medes. Among their other battles there was one night engagement. As, however, the balance had not inclined in favour of either nation, another combat took place in the sixth year, in the course of which, just as the battle was growing warm, day was on a sudden changed into night. This event had been foretold by Thales, the Milesian, who forewarned the Ionians of it, fixing for it the very year in which it actually took place. The Medes and Lydians, when they observed the change, ceased fighting, and were alike anxious to have terms of peace agreed on.

44: 6369: 1349: 1129: 10592: 1489: 6356: 10602: 603: 10612: 4197: 418: 1198: 1597: 2940: 1535:) in rejecting the historicity of the eclipse story. Dicks links the story of Thales discovering the cause for a solar eclipse with Herodotus' claim that Thales discovered the cycle of the sun with relation to the solstices, and concludes "he could not possibly have possessed this knowledge which neither the Egyptians nor the Babylonians nor his immediate successors possessed." 1584:, then unbridged. Thales then got the army across the river by digging a diversion upstream so as to reduce the flow, making it possible to cross the river. While Herodotus reported that most of his fellow Greeks believe that Thales did divert the river Halys to assist King Croesus' military endeavors, he himself finds it doubtful. Plato praises Thales along with 1062:(4th century BC). Proclus wrote that Thales was the first to visit Egypt and bring the Egyptian study of mathematics to Greece, and that Thales "himself discovered many propositions and disclosed the underlying principles of many others to his successors, in some case his method being more general, in others more empirical." In addition to Proclus, 696: 872:, or natural philosophers, and Thales as the first among them. Also, while the other Seven Sages were strictly law-givers and statesmen and not speculative philosophers, Plutarch noted "it would seem that Thales was the only wise man of the time who carried his speculations beyond the realm of the practical." 2310:

Alexander Herda. Burying a sage: the heroon of Thales in the agora of Miletos: With remarks on some other excavated Heroa and on cults and graves of the mythical founders of the city. 2èmes Rencontres d'archéologie de l'IFEA : Le Mort dans la ville Pratiques, contextes et impacts des inhumations

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described this battle as the earliest historical event whose date is known with precision to the day, and called the prediction "the birth of science". As well as first mathematician and first philosopher, Thales is often given the label of the first western scientist and the "father of science". but

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As two of the first Greek mathematicians, Thales is also considered an influence on Pythagoras. According to Iamblichus, Pythagoras "had benefited by the instruction of Thales in many respects, but his greatest lesson had been to learn the value of saving time." Early sources report that Pythagoras,

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Modern scholars are skeptical that anyone in Thales's time was producing mathematical proofs to the standard of later Greek mathematics, though not enough direct evidence remains to draw firm conclusions. While Thales may have discovered some basic geometric relations and provided some justification

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While some historians, such as Colin R. Fletcher, note there could have been a precursor to Thales named by Eudemus, without the work "the question becomes mere speculation." Fletcher grants there is no other viable contender to the title of first Greek mathematician, and that Thales qualifies as a

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history. However, due to the scarcity of sources concerning Thales and the discrepancies between the accounts given in the sources that have survived, there is a scholarly debate over the extent of the influence of Thales had and on which of the Greek philosophers and mathematicians that came after

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Afterwards, on the refusal of Alyattes to give up his suppliants when Cyaxares sent to demand them of him, war broke out between the Lydians and the Medes, and continued for five years, with various success. In the course of it the Medes gained many victories over the Lydians, and the Lydians also

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According to one author, while visiting Egypt, Thales observed that when the Egyptians drew two intersecting lines, they would measure the vertical angles to make sure that they were equal. Thales concluded that one could prove that all vertical angles are equal if one accepted some general notions

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Diogenes continues, by delivering more conflicting reports: one that Thales married and either fathered a son (Cybisthus or Cybisthon) or adopted his nephew of the same name; the second that he never married, telling his mother as a young man that it was too early to marry, and as an older man that

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Presumably he derived this assumption from seeing that the nutriment of everything is moist, and that heat itself is generated from moisture and depends upon it for its existence (and that from which a thing is generated is always its first principle). He derived his assumption from this; and also

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The same story, however, asserts that Thales emigrated to Miletus; and that he did not become a student of nature until after his political career. This story has to be rejected if one is to believe that Thales was a native of Miletus, and other typical things about him like his prediction of the

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is the primal origin and the womb of all things. Is it really necessary for us to take serious notice of this proposition? It is, and for three reasons. First, because it tells us something about the primal origin of all things; second, because it does so in language devoid of image or fable, and

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While Aristotle's conjecture on why Thales held water as the originating principle of matter is his own thinking, his statement that Thales held it as water is generally accepted as genuinely originating with Thales. Writing centuries later, Diogenes Laërtius also states that Thales taught "Water

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Aristotle explains that Thales's objective in doing this was not to enrich himself but to prove to his fellow Milesians that philosophy could be useful, contrary to what they thought, or alternatively, Thales had made his foray into enterprise because of a personal challenge put to him by an

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were engaged in an indecisive battle when suddenly day turned into night, leading to both parties halting the fighting and negotiating a peace agreement. Herodotus also mentions that the loss of daylight had been predicted by Thales. He does not, however, mention the location of the battle.

1669:(1.35) affirmed that Thales posed "the independent pre-existence of God from all eternity, stating "that God was the oldest of all beings, for he existed without a previous cause even in the way of generation; that the world was the most beautiful of all things; for it was created by God." 976:

cosmogonies, while, unlike them, he sought to establish the truth of the assertion. Hence, Aristotle, immediately after he has called him the originator of philosophy brings forward the reasons which Thales was believed to have adduced in confirmation of that assertion; for that no written

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That from which is everything that exists and from which it first becomes and into which it is rendered at last, its substance remaining under it, but transforming in qualities, that they say is the element and principle of things that are. …For it is necessary that there be some nature

3909:; cf. also Nicholas J. Molinari, Concerning Water as the Archai: Acheloios, Thales, and the Origin of Philosophy. A Dissertation Providing Philosophical, Mythological, and Archaeological Responses to the Neo-Marxians, Doctoral Dissertation, Newport, RI: Salve Regina University, 2020 1810:

This use of hearsay and a lack of citing original sources leads some historians, like Dicks and Werner Jaeger, to view the whole idea of pre-Socratic philosophy as a construct from a later age, "fashioned during the two or three generations from Plato to the immediate pupils of

1554:"Thales was studying the stars and gazing into the sky, when he fell into a well, and a jolly and witty Thracian servant girl made fun of him, saying that he was crazy to know about what was up in the heavens while he could not see what was in front of him beneath his feet." 1433:

in Miletus after predicting the weather and a good harvest for a particular year. Another version of the story has Aristotle explain that Thales had reserved presses in advance, at a discount, and could rent them out at a high price when demand peaked, following his

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Feldman notes "The social significance of water in the time of Thales induced him to discern through hardware and dry-goods, through soil and sperm, blood, sweat and tears, one fundamental fluid stuff...water, the most commonplace and powerful material known to

1281:). According to Kirk & Raven, all you need for this feat is three straight sticks pinned at one end and knowledge of your altitude. One stick goes vertically into the ground. A second is made level. With the third you sight the ship and calculate the 586:, and the issue is disputed among scholars. Visits to such places were a commonplace attribution to various philosophers by later writers, especially when these writers tried to explain the origin of their mathematical knowledge, such as with Thales or 803:, who subsequently spared Miletus because it had taken no action. Cyrus was so impressed by Croesus’ wisdom and his connection with the sages that he spared him and took his advice on various matters. The Ionian cities should be demoi, or "districts". 1364:

states that Thales drew his conclusion from seeing moist substance turn into air, slime and earth. It seems likely that Thales viewed the land as coming from the water on which it floated and the oceans that surround it, perhaps inspired by observing

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attempts to capture the new movement as follows. Philosophical man is a "new cultural configuration" based in stepping back from "pregiven tradition" and taking up a rational "inquiry into what is true in itself;" that is, an ideal of truth.

776:) Bathycles of Arcadia states in his will that an expensive bowl "'should be given to him who had done most good by his wisdom.' So it was given to Thales, went the round of all the sages, and came back to Thales again. And he sent it to 949:), either one or more than one, from which become the other things of the object being saved... do not all agree as to the number and the nature of these principles. Thales the founder of this type of philosophy says that it is water. 1262:

These stories indicate familiarity with the intercept theorem, and for this reason the 26th proposition in the first book of Euclid's Elements was attributed to Thales. They also indicate that he was familiar with the Egyptian

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Aside from Egypt, the other mathematically advanced, ancient civilization before the Greeks was Babylonia, another commonplace attribution of travel for a mathematically-minded philosopher. At least one ancient historian,

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visited Thales and asked him why he remained single; Thales answered that he did not like the idea of having to worry about children. Nevertheless, several years later, anxious for family, he adopted his nephew Cybisthus.

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were the result of supernatural whims, Thales explained them by theorizing that the Earth floats on water and that earthquakes occur when the Earth is rocked by waves. He is attributed with the first observation of the

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to Greece, and has been described as the first person in the western world to apply deductive reasoning to geometry, making him the West's "first mathematician." He is also credited with the West's oldest definition of

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According to Diogenes Laërtius, Thales gained fame as a counselor when he advised the Milesians not to engage in a symmachia, a "fighting together", with the Lydians. This has sometimes been interpreted as an alliance.

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for them, attribution to him of formal proofs is now thought to represent speculative rationalization and reconstruction by later authors, rather than concrete accomplishments of Thales himself or his contemporaries.

1775:. And it will be found that the hypothesis, if it is to be called by that name, of a regular organisation of scientific activity will alone explain all the facts. The development of doctrine in the hands of Thales, 1918:

A right triangle with two equal legs is a 45-degree right triangle, all of which are similar. The length of the pyramid's shadow measured from the center of the pyramid at that moment must have been equal to its

925:: water. Aristotle then proceeded to proffer a number of conjectures based on his own observations to lend some credence to why Thales may have advanced this idea (though Aristotle did not hold it himself). 1339:

has also been attributed to him, but this was disputed even in ancient times. No writing attributed to him has survived. Lobon of Argus asserted that the writings of Thales amounted to two hundred lines.

1160:. This is sometimes cited as history's first mathematical discovery. Due to the variations among testimonies, such as the story of the ox sacrifice being accredited to Pythagoras upon discovery of the 654:

60). Cooke notes "This relation, however, is controversial." Others historians, such as D. R. Dicks, take issue with the idea of Babylonian influence on Greek mathematics. For until around the time of

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meant specifically "fresh water", and also that Acheloios was seen as a shape-shifter in myth and art, so able to become anything. He also points out that the rivers of the world were seen as the "

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name and his mother had a Greek name. Diogenes Laërtius seems to also reference an alternative account: "Most writers, however, represent him as a genuine Milesian and of a distinguished family".

442:. While it is all we have, Diogenes wrote some eight centuries after Thales's death and his sources often contained "unreliable or even fabricated information." It is known Thales was from 981:

Most agree that Thales's stamp on thought is the unity of substance. Not merely the empirical claim that all is water, but the deeper philosophical claim that all is one. For example,

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development of it, or indeed any book by Thales, was extant, is proved by the expressions which Aristotle uses when he brings forward the doctrines and proofs of the Milesian. (p. 1016)

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Plato, Diogenes Laertius, and Hippolytus all relay the story that Thales was so intent upon watching the stars that he failed to watch where he was walking, and fell into a well.

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In his dogma that water is the origin of things, that is, that it is that out of which every thing arises, and into which every thing resolves itself, Thales may have followed

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in this story a pupil of Anaximander, visited Thales as a young man, and that Thales advised him to travel to Egypt to further his philosophical and mathematical studies.

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practitioner in the field. "Thales had at his command the techniques of observation, experimentation, superposition and deduction... he has proved himself mathematician."

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Miletus, however, received favorable terms from Cyrus. The others remained in an Ionian League of twelve cities (excluding Miletus), and were subjugated by the Persians.

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It is believed the Babylonians knew the theorem for special cases. The theorem is mentioned and proved as part of the 31st proposition in the third book of

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The dates of Thales's life are not exactly known, but are roughly established by a few datable events mentioned in the sources. According to the historian

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was known to both Egyptians and Babylonians, the division of the day into twelve parts (and by analogy the year) was known to the Egyptians already in the

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and founding figures of Ancient Greece. While which seven one chooses may change, the seven has a canonical four which includes Thales, Solon of Athens,

3631: 1293: 6398: 4617: 1305:, and he thought the constellation might be useful as a guide for navigation at sea. He calculated the duration of the year and the timings of the 7739: 4527: 756:, the proverb is both "applied to those whose boasts exceed what they are" and "a warning to pay no attention to the opinion of the multitude." 6229: 1757:

or the unlimited; while Anaximenes, the successor of Anaximander, perhaps more like Thales with water, held that everything was composed of

6391: 614:, where he learned about geometry. It is considered possible that Thales visited Egypt, since Miletus had a permanent colony there (namely 3039: 1833:

is unknown, current theories include: "the heavenly dome", "the tip of the axis of the celestial sphere", or a spherical concave sundial.

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says that, having learnt geometry from the Egyptians, Thales was the first to inscribe in a circle a right-angled triangle, whereupon he

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from the fact that the seeds of everything have a moist nature, whereas water is the first principle of the nature of moist things."

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Nicholas J. Molinari, Acheloios, Thales, and the Origin of Philosophy: A Response to the Neo-Marxians. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2022

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of a particularly good harvest. This first version of the story would constitute the first historically known creation and use of

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rather than Thales, some historians (such as D. R. Dicks) question whether such anecdotes have any historical worth whatsoever.

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of Acheloios" in antiquity, and this multiplicity of deities is reflected in Thales's idea that "all things are full of gods."

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Thales was also considered the teacher of the astronomer Mandrolytus of Priene. It is possible he was also the teacher of

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by their shadows at the moment when his own shadow was equal to his height. According to Plutarch, it pleased the pharoah

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He thought the stars were balls of dirt on fire. He seemed to correctly gather that the moon reflects the Sun's light. A

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has to do with a triangle inscribed in a circle and having the circle's diameter as one side; the other, also called the

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such as: all straight angles are equal, equals added to equals are equal, and equals subtracted from equals are equal.

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As the first philosopher and mathematician, Thales had a profound influence on other Greek thinkers and therefore on

259: 1564: 10726: 10656: 10546: 9295: 8722: 8717: 4603: 1783:, for instance, can only be understood as the elaboration of a single idea in a school with a continuous tradition. 2683: 9189: 9049: 9044: 8321: 1751:, Thales had been the "teacher and kinsman" of Anaximander. Rather than water, Anaximander held all was made of 643: 541:(1952) concluded that Thales was most likely a native Milesian of noble birth and that he was certainly a Greek. 2311:

intra-muros en Anatolie, du début de l'Age du Bronze à l'époque romaine., Nov 2011, Istanbul, Turkey. pp. 67–122

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in geometry. It is also possible Thales knew about Egypt from accounts of others, without actually visiting it.

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In addition, his supposed mother, Cleobulina, has also been described as his companion instead of his mother.

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In addition to astronomy, Thales involved himself in other practical applications of mathematics, including

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and the duration of their reign reported elsewhere by Herodotus, Cyaxares died 10 years before the eclipse.

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individual who had asked why, if Thales was an intelligent famous philosopher, he had yet to attain wealth.

884: 815:. Their other cities might still continue to enjoy their own laws, just as if they were independent states." 10691: 10541: 9070: 8524: 7602: 6322: 6079: 5967: 5142: 3757: 3540: 3226: 2549: 1327:, composed in verse and attributed to Thales. While some say he left no writings, others say that he wrote 765: 2519: 1657:

is the principle of all things; and that God is that Mind which shaped and created all things from water."

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Diogenes Laërtius relates several stories of an expensive, gold tripod or bowl that is to go to the most

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Historian Abraham Feldman wrote that for Thales "...water united all things...all whatness is wetness".

868: 509:" who had been banished from Phoenicia and that Thales was enrolled as a citizen in Miletus along with 137: 5449: 4309: 2821:

Doctoral thesis, "Know Thyself in Greek and Latin Literature," Eliza G. Wilkens, U. Chi, 1917, p. 12 (

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come down on the side of Babylonian mathematics influencing the Greeks, citing the use of e. g. the

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seems to be if something moved, then it was alive, and if it was alive, then it must have a soul.

1259:. More practically, Thales was said to have the ability to measure the distances of ships at sea. 406: 274: 10686: 10646: 10641: 10595: 9719: 9519: 9504: 9307: 9290: 9270: 9239: 9139: 9075: 8691: 8676: 8646: 8607: 8484: 8336: 7838: 7362: 7095: 6768: 6495: 6289: 6265: 6139: 6074: 6015: 5952: 5942: 5678: 5597: 5459: 5369: 5249: 4807: 4626: 4127: 4025: 3423: 2920: 2095: 1692:

Diogenes Laërtius quotes Apollodorus as saying that Thales died at the age of 78 during the 58th

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to the Greeks. Herodotus also wrote that the practice of dividing the day into 12 parts, and the

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from the height of the stick and its distance from the point of insertion to the line of sight.

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A story, with different versions, recounts how Thales achieved riches from an olive harvest by

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finally, because contained in it, if only embryonically, is the thought, "all things are one."

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and the distance of ships from the shore. In science, Thales was an astronomer who reportedly

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Thales was also a noted astronomer, acknowledged in antiquity for describing the position of

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can also be known as Thales's theorem. Thales was said to have calculated the heights of the

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Nicholas Molinari has recently argued that Thales was influenced by the archaic water deity

469:, written during the 2nd century BC, therefore placed Thales's birth about the year 625 BC. 43: 10701: 10077: 10071: 10057: 9541: 9499: 9471: 9356: 9169: 8399: 8195: 7491: 7430: 6633: 6471: 6461: 6337: 6277: 6241: 6084: 5907: 5854: 5824: 5814: 5723: 5586: 5479: 5394: 5349: 5329: 5174: 5159: 5061: 4802: 4752: 4672: 4647: 4572: 3647:. Transactions of the American Philological Association, Vol. 111, 1981, pp. 145–155 ( 3536: 2757: 2196:

The Flame of Miletus: The Birth of Science in Ancient Greece (And How It Changed the World)

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According to Diogenes Laertius, the Nautical Astronomy attributed to Thales was written by

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Krech III, Shepard; Merchant, Carolyn; McNeill, John Robert, eds. (2003). "Earthquakes".

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must be a flat disk or mound of land and dirt which is floating in an expanse of water.

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Originally published by Cambridge University Press. 1st edition 1908, 2nd edition 1926.

3175: 3130: 3122: 3020: 2656: 1732: 1627: 1603:, a sculpture from "The Progress of Railroading" (1908), located at the main façade of 1442:, whereas the second version would be the first historically known creation and use of 1394: 973: 647: 481:

Map of Phoenician (in yellow) and Greek colonies (in red) around 8th to 6th century BC.

332: 212: 125: 6383: 4417:'...Going Further On Down the Road...': The Origin and Foundations of Milesian Thought 2418:. Great Books of the Western World. Vol. 14. Chicago: William Benton. p. 66. 10601: 10500: 10087: 9636: 9484: 9436: 9280: 9249: 9194: 9111: 8988: 8681: 8514: 8467: 8407: 8281: 8263: 8239: 8221: 8176: 8131: 8126: 7777: 7677: 7541: 7143: 6922: 6879: 6724: 6653: 6368: 6046: 5957: 5807: 5733: 5706: 5289: 5279: 5214: 5134: 4975: 4727: 4682: 4451: 4432: 4402: 4374: 4355: 4336: 4260: 4239: 4218: 4166: 4154: 4108: 4055: 3833: 3810: 3602: 3598: 3571: 3520: 3307: 3284: 3260: 3134: 3012: 2925:

http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-eng1:1.983b

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from the Babylonians. Thales's follower Anaximander is credited with introducing the

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The Forgotten Revolution: How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why it Had to Be Reborn

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Posthumous portrait of Thales by Wilhelm Meyer, based on a bust from the 4th century

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Presocratic Reflexivity: The Construction of Philosophical Discourse C. 600-450 BC

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Greek philosophy seems to begin with an absurd notion, with the proposition that

922: 800: 582:. However, there is no strong evidence that Thales ever visited countries in the 141: 10470: 10183: 4494: 4482: 3969: 3952: 10327: 10267: 10262: 10218: 9999: 9947: 9937: 9917: 9907: 9651: 9646: 9641: 8494: 8293: 8287: 8275: 8075: 8050: 7823: 7748: 7682: 7367: 7332: 7057: 6590: 6466: 6149: 6144: 5972: 5864: 5844: 5672: 5229: 5199: 4898: 4777: 4712: 4692: 4562: 4448:

The Milesians: Thales. Translation and additional material by Richard McKirahan

4399:

Acheloios, Thales, and the Origin of Philosophy: A Response to the Neo-Marxians

4333:

Heaven and Earth in Ancient Greek Cosmology: from Thales to Heraclides Ponticus

4271: 3882: 2580: 2115:

Readings in Ancient Greek Philosophy (Fourth Edition): From Thales to Aristotle

1975: 1717: 1662: 894: 731: 716: 695: 563: 494: 317: 268: 2652: 707:

Thales is recognized as one of the Seven Sages of Greece, semi-legendary wise

610:

Several ancient authors assume that Thales, at one point in his life, visited

280: 10630: 10563: 10480: 10455: 10145: 10067: 9749: 9692: 9591: 9581: 9551: 9533: 9407: 8559: 8341: 8233: 8189: 8151: 7990: 7911: 7415: 7248: 6109: 5977: 5947: 5768: 5576: 5519: 5020: 5005: 4985: 4132: 3428: 3016: 1933: 1724: 1464:

As mentioned above, according to Herodotus, Thales predicted a solar eclipse

1074: 1054:, who lived a thousand years afterward but is believed to have had a copy of 828: 807:

He counselled them to establish a single seat of government, and pointed out

619: 575: 458: 386: 67: 5103: 2348:

A History of Greek Philosophy: The Earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans

1610:

According to Aristotle, Thales thought "all things are full of gods", i. e.

531:. It is also possible that he was of mixed ancestry, given his father had a 462: 10380: 10332: 10198: 10052: 9922: 9561: 9397: 8903: 8865: 8564: 7697: 7584: 7397: 7238: 6869: 6719: 6051: 5839: 5514: 5274: 5264: 4868: 4717: 4235: 3661: 3276: 1772: 1481: 1128: 854:. Many, most notably Aristotle, regard him as the first philosopher in the 747: 207: 72: 20: 4595: 2551:

The new calendar of great men: biographies of the 558 worthies of all ages

1771:

Lastly, we have one admitted instance of a philosophic guild, that of the

1588:, who is credited as the originator of the potter's wheel and the anchor. 429:

The main source concerning the details of Thales's life and career is the

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Urania, the Muse of Astronomy, Reveals to Thales the Secrets of the Skies

1097:, is about an angle intercepted by two parallel lines, forming a pair of 769: 571: 336: 161: 156: 10105: 4505: 4141:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 721. 4126: 3437:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 721. 3422: 1645:, it seems Thales also had a supreme God which structured the universe: 1641:

As well as gods seen in the movement caused by what came to be known as

905:

thesis that all is water, which comes down to us through a passage from

520:

and others interpret this quote as meaning only that his ancestors were

10337: 10307: 10302: 10287: 10173: 10140: 9809: 9779: 9446: 9174: 9008: 8850: 8845: 8835: 8820: 8805: 8795: 8770: 8146: 7901: 7856: 7619: 7564: 7453: 7420: 7352: 7342: 7281: 7205: 7200: 7173: 7014: 6854: 6827: 6790: 6763: 6714: 6691: 6598: 6549: 6541: 5651: 5570: 5509: 5504: 5444: 5429: 5374: 5359: 5314: 5254: 5239: 5219: 5189: 5154: 5025: 4842: 4787: 4747: 4677: 3978: 3948: 3395: 3126: 3024: 1959: 1877: 1873: 1635: 1585: 1488: 1385: 1302: 708: 655: 587: 521: 498: 430: 390: 309: 297: 184: 4471: 4100: 3910: 3648: 1038:

Thales was known for introducing the theoretical and practical use of

719:. Diogenes Laërtius tells us that the Seven Sages were created in the 10312: 10238: 10223: 10193: 10188: 10120: 10044: 10029: 10014: 9957: 9857: 9509: 9441: 9013: 8993: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8918: 8913: 8883: 8830: 8790: 8569: 8435: 8389: 8369: 8000: 7871: 7687: 7649: 7458: 7425: 7372: 7347: 7337: 7228: 7187: 7148: 7100: 7062: 7034: 7006: 6902: 6822: 6628: 6608: 5404: 5389: 5339: 5234: 5224: 5209: 5179: 4929: 4782: 4772: 4757: 4702: 4697: 4642: 4577: 4547: 4225: 3784: 3621: 2916: 2375:

The Origins of the Western Legal Tradition: From Thales to the Tudors

1852:

The aphorism has also been attributed to various other philosophers.

1631: 1619: 1611: 1503: 1313:. He is additionally attributed with calculating the position of the 1310: 1306: 1278: 1256: 1070: 1066:(3rd century BC) also cites Thales as the first Greek mathematician. 906: 902: 850: 811:

as the fittest place for it; "for that," he said, "was the centre of

615: 602: 583: 579: 490: 486: 485:

While the probability is that Thales was as Greek as most Milesians,

454: 398: 394: 328: 166: 3993: 3219:

Shute, William George; Shirk, William W.; Porter, George F. (1960).

3118: 2684:"LacusCurtius • Ancient Astronomy: Polus (Smith's Dictionary, 1875)" 1580:

sent his army to the Persian territory. He was stopped by the river

1323:

indicates that in his day (c. AD 100) there was an extant work, the

10362: 10352: 10342: 10317: 10095: 10062: 10024: 9967: 9882: 9867: 9724: 9714: 9631: 9626: 9023: 9018: 8978: 8973: 8948: 8928: 8855: 8810: 8800: 8656: 8554: 8489: 8417: 8025: 7634: 7597: 7516: 7506: 7405: 7324: 7168: 7090: 6991: 6981: 6958: 6948: 6859: 6706: 6696: 6658: 6618: 6613: 6603: 6554: 5541: 5319: 5164: 5030: 4858: 4722: 4371:

Thales of Miletus: The Beginnings of Western Science and Philosophy

4092: 3788: 2888:

Thales of Miletus: The Beginnings of Western Science and Philosophy

2462:

Thales of Miletus: The Beginnings of Western Science and Philosophy

1861: 1693: 1673: 1511: 1477: 1320: 1314: 1252: 1240: 1197: 1039: 636: 546: 417: 402: 335:. He is thus otherwise referred to as the first to have engaged in 10115: 1596: 1050:

The evidence for the primacy of Thales comes to us from a book by

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quotes the phrase in Greek and states that the precept descended

1865: 1753: 1577: 1531:

D. R. Dicks joins other historians (F. Martini, J. L. E. Dreyer,

1506:

writes that in the sixth year of the war, the Lydians under King

1493: 1469: 1402: 1082: 1051: 827:

Early Greeks, and other civilizations before them, often invoked

792: 618:). It is also said Thales had close contacts with the priests of 532: 528: 443: 422: 301: 63: 10450: 9764: 3907:

https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/Products/9781803270869

831:

explanations of natural phenomena with reference to the will of

10475: 10405: 10385: 10347: 10213: 10019: 9912: 9849: 9839: 9784: 9402: 9387: 8983: 8968: 8943: 8938: 8923: 8584: 8579: 8346: 8326: 8070: 8060: 8055: 7926: 7886: 7876: 7861: 7692: 7609: 7468: 7377: 7289: 7105: 5409: 5284: 5045: 4995: 4944: 4817: 4667: 3862: 3256: 1946: 1731:

The first three philosophers in the Western tradition were all

1681: 1650: 1168: 1044: 796: 777: 739: 724: 720: 663: 567: 524: 506: 502: 359: 351: 84: 4472:

Thales of Miletus from The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

4431:. Traditio Praesocratica. US: Simon & Schuster publisher. 248: 10485: 10460: 10357: 10297: 10282: 10150: 10110: 9862: 9774: 9769: 9739: 9734: 9709: 9392: 8933: 8888: 8840: 8412: 8364: 8065: 8035: 7982: 7957: 7896: 7866: 7526: 7501: 7195: 6795: 5785: 5763: 5419: 4552: 3306:. Vol. 2 (Books 3–9) (2nd ed.). Dover. p. 61. 3105:

Fletcher, Colin R. (December 1982). "Thales – our founder?".

2327:

Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge

1623: 1473: 1357: 1274: 1265: 930: 917: 844: 835: 812: 651: 611: 550: 355: 305: 272: 191: 76: 3594:

Heraclitus and Thales' Conceptual Scheme: A Historical Study

3516:

Derivatives for Decision Makers: Strategic Management Issues

2793:

On humanistic education: (six inaugural orations, 1699–1707)

2414:

Plutarch (1952). "Solon". In Robert Maynard Hutchins (ed.).

1417:

An olive mill and an olive press dating from Roman times in

1069:

Proclus attributes to Thales the discovery that a circle is

574:. It is said Thales was engaged in trade and visited either 493:

by remote descent". Diogenes Laërtius references Herodotus,

393:

is also attributed to Thales, as well as the timings of the

239: 10490: 10465: 10415: 9902: 9892: 6663: 2703:

The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity

2586:

Pythagoras: His Lives and the Legacy of a Rational Universe

1615: 1398: 1366: 915:. In the work, Aristotle reported Thales's theory that the 839: 808: 752: 750:. According to the 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia the 734:, a quote or maxim attributed to each one inscribed on the 658:(c. 190–120 BC) their sexagesimal system was unknown. 242: 4450:. Traditio Praesocratica. Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter. 3702:"Brilliant but Absent-Minded Adam Smith | Jim Powell" 3495:

History of Meteorology to 1800 by H. Howard Frisinger p. 3

3186:. Vol. 1. Harvard University Press. pp. 164–169. 1856:

attributes it to Thales but notes that Antisthenes in his

1047:: a "collection of units", "following the Egyptian view". 4238:(translator), Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920; 3206:

The Cambridge History of Science: Vol. 1, Ancient Science

2118:. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing. p. 10. 1758: 1735:

from Miletus, and Thales was the very first, followed by

1497: 1352:

Worldview of Thales (left) and pupil Anaximander (right).

350:

The first philosophers followed him in explaining all of

3480: 3253:

History of Humanity: Scientific and Cultural Development

3184:

Selections Illustrating the History of Greek Mathematics

2112:

Cohen, Mark S.; Curd, Patricia; Reeve, C. D. C. (2011).

1932:

is at the base of problems 56, 57, 58, 59 and 60 of the

6413: 3764:. Translated by Godley, A. D. Harvard University Press. 3001:

Feldman, Abraham (October 1945). "Thoughts on Thales".

2403:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 29–32. 2351:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 50. 1485:

some contemporary scholars reject this interpretation.

1117: 2554:. London and New York: MacMillan & Co. p. 92. 2401:

Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology

1183:

refers to Thales's theorem in the course of a speech.

727:

about 582 BC and that Thales was the first sage.

3568:

Cerebral Logic: Solving the Problem of Mind and Brain

3336:

Plutarch, Moralia, The Dinner of the Seven Wise Men,

2955:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology

2031:, classicpersuasion site; original Greek text, under 1618:, because iron is attracted to them (by the force of 965:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology

389:. The discovery of the position of the constellation 260: 251: 4373:. Western Philosophy Series. Vol. 58. Ashgate. 3147: 2789:

Vico, Giambattista; Visconti, Gian Galeazzo (1993).

2524:. Translated by Levy, Silvio. Springer. p. 33. 901:

Thales's most famous idea was his philosophical and

457:, writing in the 5th century BC, Thales predicted a 245: 4051:

The Philosophers of the Ancient World: An A–Z Guide

1011: 236: 2877: 2875: 2790: 2137: 2135: 866:, Aristotle referred to the first philosophers as 4497:Life, Work and Testimonies by Giannis Stamatellos 3727: 2199:. London: I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. p. 7. 10628: 3485:. Vol. 1: A–G. Routledge. pp. 358–364. 3218: 3170: 3168: 2257:The Library Of Original Sources: The Greek World 2144:The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography 1872:(from heaven). Other names of potential include 1028:The greatest is space, for it holds all things. 446:, a mercantile city settled at the mouth of the 323:Many regard him as the first philosopher in the 7953: 3371:History of Astronomy, by Richard Perason, p. 65 3208:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 345–373. 2872: 2132: 1142:is a point on the diameter's circle, the angle 935:, 'stood under') the principle of all things." 885:Classical element § Hellenistic philosophy 622:who instructed him, or even that he instructed 4221:(Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. 3553:A Short History of Science to the 19th century 2489:Being a Philosopher: The History of a Practice 2432:, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2430:Pythagoras: His Life, Teachings, and Influence 2111: 1696:(548–545 BC) and attributes his death to 1453: 1085:of elementary geometry are customarily called 1075:base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal 742:. Thales has arguably the most famous of all, 439:Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers 19:"Thales" redirects here. For the company, see 16:Ancient Greek philosopher (c. 624 – c. 545 BC) 7733: 6399: 5133: 5119: 4611: 4521: 3921: 3471:Pseudo-Plutarch, Placita Philosopharum § 2.28 3462:Pseudo-Plutarch, Placita Philosopharum § 2.13 3242:, p. "Ionia and the Pythagoreans" p. 43. 3174: 3165: 3031: 2977: 2230:Science in the Ancient World: An Encyclopedia 2182:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 74–98. 1401:as due to the river being beaten back by the 687:was not used outside of Greece at this time. 366:. Thales thought the Earth floated on water. 7129: 3162:A History of Greek Mathematics, Heath, p. 70 2857: 2855: 2788: 2287:. University of Illinois Press. p. 23. 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 1962:once similarly, absent-mindedly fell into a 1936:— an ancient Egyptian mathematical document. 465:occurred at the age of 40, the chronicle of 4625: 4368: 3852:Farrington, B., 1944 Greek Science. Pelican 3483:Encyclopedia of World Environmental History 2881: 2458: 2035:, the Library of Ancient Texts Online site. 1020: 944: 768:. In one version (that Laërtius credits to 8619: 7740: 7726: 6442: 6406: 6392: 5126: 5112: 4618: 4604: 4528: 4514: 3590: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 2996: 2994: 2617:The History of Mathematics: A Brief Course 2186: 1829:The exact meaning of this use of the word 1480:where the war took place. American writer 988:Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks 369:In mathematics, Thales is the namesake of 42: 4535: 3968: 3825: 2852: 2306: 2304: 2280: 2274: 2173: 2158: 2045: 1998: 1996: 1994: 4396: 4275:Early Greek Science: Thales to Aristotle 4201: 3881: 3104: 3069: 2834: 2639:Dicks, D. R. (November 1959). "Thales". 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2579: 2544: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2413: 2253: 2105: 2098:, and A. D. Godley's footnote 1; Pliny, 2090: 2088: 2020:Translation of his biography on Thales: 1864:, a mythical Greek poet. The Roman poet 1707: 1595: 1563: 1487: 1412: 1347: 1292: 1273:, the ratio of the run to the rise of a 1196: 1127: 888: 694: 601: 476: 416: 4426: 4330: 3738:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive 3660: 3565: 3361:. W. J. Parre H, Limited. 10 June 1897. 3303:The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements 3087: 3000: 2991: 2371: 2344: 2319: 2317: 2260:. The Minerva Group, Inc. p. 138. 2002: 1397:, Thales explained the flooding of the 921:or originating principle of nature was 822: 606:Thales may have been educated in Egypt. 566:was heavily influenced by those of the 331:to explain the world and instead using 10629: 9673: 6580: 6155:Latin translations of the 12th century 4445: 4387: 4349: 4306: 4284:Selections from Early Greek Philosophy 4180: 4124: 4047: 4017: 3774:Plato, Republic, Book 10, section 600a 3699: 3550: 3452:. Continuum International. p. 31. 3447: 3420: 3196: 2934: 2932: 2485: 2301: 2226: 2220: 2192: 2076: 1991: 1576:. Another story by Herodotus is that 1538: 661:Herodotus wrote the Greeks learnt the 472: 10530: 9672: 9101: 8605: 7952: 7772: 7721: 6503: 6387: 5885:Straightedge and compass construction 5107: 4599: 4509: 4489:Thales biography by Charlene Douglass 4483:Thales' Theorem – Math Open Reference 4257:Kleine Weltgeschichte der Philosophie 4145: 3783: 3755: 3299: 3239: 3081: 3037: 2944: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2891:. Taylor & Francis. p. 102. 2861: 2750: 2700: 2638: 2623: 2614: 2603: 2517: 2506: 2465:. Taylor & Francis. p. 263. 2398: 2392: 2085: 1700:and thirst while watching the games. 1343: 875: 10141:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus 7773: 5850:Incircle and excircles of a triangle 4352:Early Greek Thought: Before the Dawn 4319:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4281: 4074: 3953:"Popper on Science and Presocratics" 3947: 2323: 2314: 1429:. In one version, he bought all the 1186: 1118:Right triangle inscribed in a circle 421:The Ionic Stoa on the Sacred Way in 6415:Ancient Greek schools of philosophy 4310:"Ionian School of Philosophy" 3911:https://philpapers.org/rec/MOLCWA-2 3283:. John Wiley and Sons, Chapter IV. 2968:Plutarch, Life of Solon, 3.5 2929: 1687: 1545:The Astrologer who Fell into a Well 1376:on the Moon is named in his honor. 730:The sages were associated with the 639:, claims Thales visited Babylonia. 13: 9102: 7747: 4324: 3991: 3861: 2905: 2868:. Translated by Rawlinson, George. 2174:Kirk, G. S.; Raven, J. E. (1957). 2046:McKirahan, Richard D. Jr. (1994). 1108: 14: 10758: 10637:6th-century BC Greek philosophers 4465: 4354:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 4270: 4214:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers 4153:(2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. 3204:. In Jones, A.; Taub, L. (eds.). 2984:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers 2052:. Indianapolis: Hackett. p. 1022:Μέγιστον τόπος· ἄπαντα γὰρ χωρεῖ. 1014:Megiston topos: apanta gar chorei 327:, breaking from the prior use of 10610: 10600: 10591: 10590: 6367: 6354: 4313:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 4195: 4125:Allman, George Johnston (1911). 4068: 4041: 4032: 4011: 3985: 3941: 3930: 3915: 3899: 3875: 3855: 3846: 3832:. Psychology Press. p. 97. 3819: 3797: 3777: 3768: 3749: 3721: 3712: 3421:Allman, George Johnston (1911). 2938: 1969: 1408: 1251:, he measured the height of the 795:was defeated before the city of 759: 405:, known for having diverted the 232: 10611: 4479:MacTutor History of Mathematics 4429:A History of Western Philosophy 4303:at the Perseus Digital Library. 4217:. Vol. 1:1. Translated by 4208:"The Seven Sages: Thales" 4081:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 4048:Curnow, Trevor (22 June 2006). 3924:"Lives of Eminent Philosophers" 3693: 3684: 3675: 3654: 3637: 3615: 3584: 3559: 3544: 3529: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3474: 3465: 3456: 3441: 3414: 3405: 3387: 3374: 3365: 3351: 3342: 3330: 3321: 3293: 3269: 3245: 3212: 3190: 3156: 3141: 3075: 3063: 3054: 2971: 2962: 2840: 2828: 2815: 2782: 2768: 2736: 2718: 2709: 2694: 2676: 2667: 2573: 2558: 2538: 2479: 2452: 2443: 2422: 2407: 2378:. Federation Press. p. 9. 2365: 2338: 2247: 2176:"Chapter II: Thales of Miletus" 2008:A History of Western Philosophy 1952: 1939: 1922: 1912: 1902: 1892: 1883: 1846: 1836: 1823: 1814: 549:had earlier told this version: 436:, in his third century AD work 362:that this single substance was 354:as based on the existence of a 6187:A History of Greek Mathematics 5700:The Quadrature of the Parabola 4397:Molinari, Nicholas J. (2022). 4259:. Fischer, Frankfurt/M. 2004, 4118: 3519:, John Wiley & Sons, 1996 3513:George Crawford, Bidyut Sen – 3348:J J O'Connor and E F Robertson 3251:de Laet, Siegfried J. (1996). 2589:. Icon Books Ltd. p. 28. 2070: 2038: 2014: 1804: 1739:, who was followed in turn by 1559: 1524:However, based on the list of 1466:which occurred during a battle 1379: 1004: 642:Historians Roger L. Cooke and 1: 10742:6th-century BC mathematicians 10707:Philosophers of ancient Ionia 8212: 8199: 8180: 8163: 5016:Inferior and superior planets 4491:(with extensive bibliography) 4392:. Bari: Editrice Tipografica. 4369:O'Grady, Patricia F. (2002). 3555:. Streeter Press. p. 35. 3148:Nicomachus of Gerasa (1926). 2619:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2459:O'Grady, Patricia F. (2017). 2449:Plutarch, Life of Solon § 2.4 2284:The Pre-Platonic Philosophers 2281:Nietzsche, Friedrich (2001). 1985: 1626:for its capacity to generate 100: 96: 57: 10662:Ancient Greek metaphysicians 9340:Funeral and burial practices 8525:Military of Mycenaean Greece 5968:Intersecting secants theorem 4485:(with interactive animation) 4446:Wöhrle, Georg., ed. (2014). 3994:"Anaximenes (d. 528 B.C.E.)" 3806:Engineering Electromagnetics 3700:Powell, Jim (1 March 1995). 3150:"Introduction to Arithmetic" 2428:Riedweg, Christoph (2005) , 2254:Thatcher, Oliver J. (2004). 2180:The Presocratic Philosophers 2081:(2nd ed.). p. 454. 1743:. They have been dubbed the 1703: 1288: 783: 7: 10717:Philosophers of mathematics 5963:Intersecting chords theorem 5830:Doctrine of proportionality 4024:. A. and C. Black. p. 3671:(in German). pp. 2–17. 2227:Lawson, Russell M. (2004). 1858:Successions of Philosophers 1591: 1454:Prediction of solar eclipse 1247:, that when Thales visited 1081:are equal. Two fundamental 1012: 923:a single material substance 690: 461:in 585 BC. Assuming one's 10: 10763: 10747:6th-century BC astronomers 9264:Greek Revival architecture 8606: 5659:On the Sphere and Cylinder 5612:On the Sizes and Distances 5093:Medieval Islamic astronomy 4890:On the Sizes and Distances 4427:Russell, Bertrand (1947). 4286:. Appleton-Century-Crofts. 3591:Finkelberg, Aryeh (2017). 3570:. Loose Leaf. p. 75. 2705:. Die Deutsche Bibliothek. 2345:Guthrie, W. K. C. (1978). 2049:Philosophy Before Socrates 1542: 1457: 1384:Rather than assuming that 1190: 1121: 1073:by its diameter, that the 931: 882: 629: 557: 273: 18: 10712:Philosophers of education 10652:Ancient Greek astronomers 10586: 10537: 10531: 10526: 10371: 10248: 10237: 10164: 10086: 10043: 9990: 9848: 9700: 9691: 9687: 9668: 9617: 9532: 9470: 9432: 9425: 9375: 9335: 9326: 9248: 9125: 9121: 9097: 9063: 9032: 8874: 8761: 8705: 8672:Attalid kings of Pergamon 8627: 8618: 8614: 8601: 8480:Antigonid Macedonian army 8453: 8426: 8398: 8355: 8312: 8303: 8145: 8084: 7981: 7977: 7948: 7847: 7796: 7792: 7768: 7755: 7668: 7583: 7540: 7482: 7444: 7396: 7323: 7280: 7271: 7219: 7186: 7076: 7048: 7005: 6967: 6939: 6888: 6845: 6836: 6813: 6781: 6755: 6746: 6705: 6682: 6589: 6540: 6512: 6494: 6421: 6361:Ancient Greece portal 6350: 6300: 6178: 6165:Philosophy of mathematics 6135: 6128: 6102: 6080:Ptolemy's table of chords 6024: 6006: 5905: 5898: 5754: 5716: 5533: 5141: 5135:Ancient Greek mathematics 5083:Medieval European science 5075: 5054: 4963: 4912: 4851: 4813:Sosigenes the Peripatetic 4633: 4543: 4421:The Review of Metaphysics 4390:Talete, il primo filosofo 4331:Couprie, Dirk L. (2011). 4282:Nahm, Milton C. (1962) . 4248:Online version at Perseus 4128:"Thales of Miletus" 3970:10.1093/mind/LXIX.275.318 3826:Sandywell, Barry (1996). 3424:"Thales of Miletus" 3300:Heath, Thomas L. (1956). 2673:Diogenes Laertius (II, 1) 2653:10.1017/S0009838800041586 2486:Hamlyn, David W. (2002). 2102:and Bostock's footnote 2. 1958:The Scottish philosopher 1860:attributes it instead to 1714:The Beginnings of Science 1643:magnetism and electricity 1630:. The reasoning for such 1427:prediction of the weather 1021: 945: 356:single ultimate substance 221: 175: 147: 131: 121: 111: 107: 92: 53: 41: 34: 10732:Presocratic philosophers 10667:Ancient Greek physicists 7254:Alexander of Aphrodisias 6032:Aristarchus's inequality 5605:On Conoids and Spheroids 4307:Turner, William (1913). 4151:A History of Mathematics 3888:An essay on conversation 3743:University of St Andrews 3450:The Semantics of Science 3281:A History of Mathematics 3222:Plane and Solid Geometry 3107:The Mathematical Gazette 2615:Cooke, Roger L. (2005). 2492:. Routledge. p. 7. 2332:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1798: 1605:Washington Union Station 953:Aristotle further adds: 938:According to Aristotle: 895:Baths of the Seven Sages 597: 312:. Thales was one of the 10727:Philosophers of science 10657:Ancient Greek geometers 7363:Lucius Annaeus Cornutus 7096:Thrasymachus of Corinth 6774:Metrodorus of Lampsacus 6140:Ancient Greek astronomy 5953:Inscribed angle theorem 5943:Greek geometric algebra 5598:Measurement of a Circle 4808:Sosigenes of Alexandria 4627:Ancient Greek astronomy 4388:Mazzeo, Pietro (2010). 4188:. The Meridian Library. 4138:Encyclopædia Britannica 4077:"Cleostratus Redivivus" 4038:Life of Pythagoras 3.13 3601:. p. 318, fn. 38. 3566:Needham, C. W. (1978). 3434:Encyclopædia Britannica 3327:canto 13, lines 101–102 3197:Sidoli, Nathan (2018). 2987:. Book 1, paragraph 27. 2641:The Classical Quarterly 2372:Goodman, Ellen (1995). 2077:Jaeger, Werner (1948). 2027:9 February 2008 at the 2010:. Simon & Schuster. 1622:). The same applied to 1201:The intercept theorem: 893:Thales depicted at the 538:Encyclopedia Britannica 489:described Thales as "a 412: 116:Pre-Socratic philosophy 25:Thales (disambiguation) 8706:Artists & scholars 8621:List of ancient Greeks 8258:Second Athenian League 8107:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 7932:Ancient Greek colonies 7020:Aristippus the Younger 6374:Mathematics portal 6160:Non-Euclidean geometry 6115:Mouseion of Alexandria 5988:Tangent-secant theorem 5938:Geometric mean theorem 5923:Exterior angle theorem 5918:Angle bisector theorem 5622:On Sizes and Distances 4880:On Sizes and Distances 4350:Luchte, James (2011). 4186:Early Greek Philosophy 4021:Early Greek Philosophy 3084:, p. 43 (3rd ed.) 3044:Aristotle, Metaphysics 2715:Diogenes Laërtius 1.22 2701:Zhmud, Leonid (2006). 1785: 1720: 1712:Detail of Thales from 1659: 1607: 1569: 1557: 1522: 1500: 1422: 1353: 1298: 1228: 1150: 1030: 1002: 979: 960: 951: 898: 817: 704: 683:, and the idea of the 607: 482: 426: 316:, founding figures of 288: 548/545 BC 23:. For other uses, see 10737:Seven Sages of Greece 9825:Sybaris on the Traeis 8550:Sacred Band of Thebes 8290:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD) 7804:Cycladic civilization 7497:Eudorus of Alexandria 7068:Asclepiades of Phlius 7025:Theodorus the Atheist 6062:Pappus's area theorem 5998:Theorem of the gnomon 5875:Quadratrix of Hippias 5798:Circles of Apollonius 5746:Problem of Apollonius 5724:Constructible numbers 5548:Archimedes Palimpsest 4991:Deferent and epicycle 4920:Antikythera mechanism 4537:Seven Sages of Greece 4415:Priou, Alex (2016). " 4316:Catholic Encyclopedia 4018:Burnet, John (1892). 3643:Alden A. Mosshammer: 3227:American Book Company 3004:The Classical Journal 2688:penelope.uchicago.edu 2518:Russo, Lucio (2013). 2399:Plant, I. M. (2004). 2324:Yust, Walter (1952). 2193:Freely, John (2012). 1769: 1711: 1647: 1599: 1567: 1551: 1517: 1491: 1416: 1351: 1296: 1231:The story is told in 1200: 1132:Thales's theorem: if 1131: 1033:—attributed to Thales 1009: 993: 970: 955: 940: 892: 805: 698: 605: 480: 467:Apollodorus of Athens 420: 383:predicted the weather 185:Philosophical inquiry 10722:Philosophers of mind 10697:Natural philosophers 9350:mythological figures 9071:Ancient Greek tribes 8196:Peloponnesian League 7431:Diogenes of Oenoanda 6278:prehistoric counting 6075:Ptolemy's inequality 6016:Apollonius's theorem 5855:Method of exhaustion 5825:Diophantine equation 5815:Circumscribed circle 5632:On the Moving Sphere 5062:Babylonian astronomy 4753:Hippocrates of Chios 4578:Periander of Corinth 4573:Pittacus of Mytilene 4253:Störig, Hans Joachim 4075:Webb, E. J. (1921). 3730:Robertson, Edmund F. 3448:Harris, Roy (2005). 2883:O'Grady, Patricia F. 1601:Thales (Electricity) 1510:and the Medes under 1362:Heraclitus Homericus 1245:Hieronymus of Rhodes 1064:Hieronymus of Rhodes 823:Theories and studies 713:Pittacus of Mytilene 644:B.L. Van der Waerden 284: 626/623 10692:Metaphysics writers 9462:Tunnel of Eupalinos 9457:Theatre of Dionysus 9081:Ancient Macedonians 8697:Tyrants of Syracuse 8209:Amphictyonic League 7809:Minoan civilization 7555:Apollonius of Tyana 7502:Philo of Alexandria 7305:Agrippa the Skeptic 7244:Strato of Lampsacus 6364: • 6170:Neusis construction 6090:Spiral of Theodorus 5983:Pythagorean theorem 5928:Euclidean algorithm 5870:Lune of Hippocrates 5739:Squaring the circle 5495:Theon of Alexandria 5170:Aristaeus the Elder 4833:Theon of Alexandria 4548:Cleobulus of Lindos 4296:The Natural History 3922:Diogenes Laërtius. 3733:"Thales of Miletus" 3728:O'Connor, John J.; 3551:Singer, C. (2008). 3396:De Pythiae oraculis 3275:Boyer, Carl B. and 3259:, Volume 3, p. 14. 3199:"Greek mathematics" 3176:Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor 1747:. According to the 1539:Falling into a well 1356:Thales thought the 1337:Nautical Star-guide 1162:Pythagorean theorem 1060:History of Geometry 983:Friedrich Nietzsche 701:Nuremberg Chronicle 518:Friedrich Nietzsche 473:Ancestry and family 345:deductive reasoning 10136:Menestheus's Limin 9790:Pandosia (Lucania) 9678:Greek colonisation 9040:Athenian statesmen 8801:Diogenes of Sinope 8662:Kings of Macedonia 8652:Kings of Commagene 8520:Macedonian phalanx 8500:Hellenistic armies 8248:(c. 424–c. 395 BC) 8112:Indo-Greek Kingdom 7834:Hellenistic Greece 7630:Plutarch of Athens 7570:Numenius of Apamea 7560:Moderatus of Gades 7030:Hegesias of Cyrene 6057:Menelaus's theorem 6047:Irrational numbers 5860:Parallel postulate 5835:Euclidean geometry 5803:Apollonian circles 5345:Isidore of Miletus 5067:Egyptian astronomy 4981:Circle of latitude 4219:Hicks, Robert Drew 4203:Laërtius, Diogenes 3992:Graham, Daniel W. 3937:The Vienna Lecture 3681:Theaetetus (174 A) 2567:On Isis And Osiris 2546:Harrison, Frederic 2148:, Routledge, 2003 1721: 1628:static electricity 1608: 1570: 1501: 1423: 1354: 1344:Cosmological model 1299: 1229: 1151: 1138:is a diameter and 899: 705: 648:sexagesimal system 608: 483: 427: 333:natural philosophy 213:Static electricity 126:Western philosophy 10672:Ancient Milesians 10624: 10623: 10582: 10581: 10522: 10521: 10518: 10517: 10514: 10513: 10088:Iberian Peninsula 10020:Lipara/Meligounis 9986: 9985: 9664: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9637:Cypriot syllabary 9528: 9527: 9437:Athenian Treasury 9421: 9420: 9093: 9092: 9089: 9088: 8682:Ptolemaic dynasty 8642:Archons of Athens 8597: 8596: 8593: 8592: 8468:Athenian military 8449: 8448: 8282:League of Corinth 8264:Thessalian League 8240:Chalcidian League 8222:Acarnanian League 8132:Ptolemaic Kingdom 7944: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7715: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7678:Nicetes of Smyrna 7267: 7266: 7182: 7181: 7144:Apollonius Cronus 6935: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6809: 6808: 6733: 6732: 6654:Metrodorus of Cos 6576: 6575: 6563: 6562: 6490: 6489: 6381: 6380: 6346: 6345: 6098: 6097: 6085:Ptolemy's theorem 5958:Intercept theorem 5808:Apollonian gasket 5734:Doubling the cube 5707:The Sand Reckoner 5101: 5100: 4976:Celestial spheres 4593: 4592: 4568:Thales of Miletus 4495:Thales of Miletus 4477:Thales of Miletus 4457:978-3-11-031525-7 4160:978-0-471-09763-1 4054:. A&C Black. 3839:978-0-415-10170-7 3809:, Springer, 2015 3577:978-0-398-03754-3 3229:. pp. 25–27. 2979:Diogenes Laërtius 2898:978-1-351-89536-1 2847:Diogenes Laërtius 2596:978-1-84831-250-0 2499:978-1-134-97101-5 2472:978-1-351-89537-8 2438:978-0-8014-7452-1 2385:978-1-86287-181-6 2358:978-0-521-29420-1 2267:978-1-4102-1402-7 2240:978-1-85109-534-6 2206:978-1-78076-051-3 2141:Frank N. Magill, 2063:978-0-87220-176-7 2004:Russell, Bertrand 1854:Diogenes Laërtius 1667:Diogenes Laërtius 1460:Eclipse of Thales 1419:Capernaum, Israel 1233:Diogenes Laërtius 1193:Intercept theorem 1187:Similar triangles 1149:is a right angle. 1099:similar triangles 1095:intercept theorem 681:2nd millennium BC 545:it was too late. 434:Diogenes Laërtius 401:. He was also an 375:intercept theorem 228:Thales of Miletus 225: 224: 203:Intercept theorem 99:548/545 BC (aged 36:Thales of Miletus 10754: 10682:Metaphilosophers 10614: 10613: 10604: 10594: 10593: 10528: 10527: 10246: 10245: 9745:Heraclea Lucania 9698: 9697: 9689: 9688: 9670: 9669: 9430: 9429: 9362:Twelve Olympians 9333: 9332: 9123: 9122: 9099: 9098: 8687:Seleucid dynasty 8667:Kings of Paionia 8616: 8615: 8603: 8602: 8473:Scythian archers 8380:Graphe paranomon 8310: 8309: 8217: 8214: 8204: 8201: 8185: 8182: 8172: 8168: 8165: 7979: 7978: 7950: 7949: 7829:Classical Greece 7814:Mycenaean Greece 7794: 7793: 7770: 7769: 7742: 7735: 7728: 7719: 7718: 7670:Second Sophistic 7645:Ammonius Hermiae 7550:Nigidius Figulus 7464:Philo of Larissa 7446:Academic Skeptic 7310:Sextus Empiricus 7278: 7277: 7127: 7126: 7086:Euclid of Megara 6965: 6964: 6843: 6842: 6753: 6752: 6587: 6586: 6578: 6577: 6510: 6509: 6501: 6500: 6440: 6439: 6422:Proto-philosophy 6408: 6401: 6394: 6385: 6384: 6372: 6371: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6133: 6132: 6120:Platonic Academy 6067:Problem II.8 of 6037:Crossbar theorem 5993:Thales's theorem 5933:Euclid's theorem 5903: 5902: 5820:Commensurability 5781:Axiomatic system 5729:Angle trisection 5694: 5684: 5646: 5636: 5626: 5616: 5592: 5582: 5565: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5105: 5104: 5088:Indian astronomy 5041:Sublunary sphere 5011:Hipparchic cycle 4950:Mural instrument 4925:Armillary sphere 4904: 4894: 4884: 4874: 4864: 4620: 4613: 4606: 4597: 4596: 4558:Chilon of Sparta 4530: 4523: 4516: 4507: 4506: 4501:Thales Fragments 4461: 4442: 4412: 4401:. Archaeopress. 4393: 4384: 4365: 4346: 4320: 4312: 4287: 4278: 4222: 4210: 4199: 4198: 4189: 4175:2011 3rd edition 4164: 4142: 4130: 4113: 4112: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3972: 3945: 3939: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3919: 3913: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3871:. p. i.,10. 3868:De Natura Deorum 3859: 3853: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3823: 3817: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3793:. p. 411a7. 3781: 3775: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3725: 3719: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3658: 3652: 3641: 3635: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3548: 3542: 3533: 3527: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3478: 3472: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3426: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3391: 3385: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3297: 3291: 3277:Merzbach, Uta C. 3273: 3267: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3203: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3172: 3163: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3102: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3035: 3029: 3028: 2998: 2989: 2988: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2942: 2941: 2936: 2927: 2914: 2903: 2902: 2879: 2870: 2869: 2859: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2796: 2786: 2780: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2754: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2636: 2621: 2620: 2612: 2601: 2600: 2577: 2571: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2515: 2504: 2503: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2456: 2450: 2447: 2441: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2321: 2312: 2308: 2299: 2298: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2171: 2156: 2139: 2130: 2129: 2109: 2103: 2092: 2083: 2082: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2042: 2036: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2000: 1980: 1973: 1967: 1956: 1950: 1943: 1937: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1850: 1844: 1840: 1834: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1812: 1808: 1688:Death and legacy 1653:, "assures that 1226: 1158:sacrificed an ox 1148: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1124:Thales's theorem 1087:Thales's theorem 1034: 1024: 1023: 1017: 948: 947: 934: 933: 778:Apollo at Didyma 736:Temple of Apollo 371:Thales's theorem 289: 285: 278: 277: 263: 258: 257: 254: 253: 250: 247: 244: 241: 238: 198:Thales's theorem 102: 98: 59: 46: 32: 31: 10762: 10761: 10757: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10752: 10751: 10677:Epistemologists 10627: 10626: 10625: 10620: 10578: 10533: 10510: 10373: 10367: 10250: 10241: 10233: 10204:Melaina Korkyra 10160: 10082: 10039: 9992:Aeolian Islands 9982: 9844: 9702: 9683: 9682: 9656: 9613: 9524: 9466: 9417: 9371: 9322: 9244: 9235:Wedding customs 9117: 9116: 9085: 9076:Thracian Greeks 9059: 9050:Olympic victors 9028: 8870: 8757: 8701: 8692:Kings of Sparta 8677:Kings of Pontus 8647:Kings of Athens 8623: 8610: 8589: 8485:Army of Macedon 8445: 8422: 8394: 8351: 8299: 8272:(370–c. 230 BC) 8270:Arcadian League 8254:(c. 400–188 BC) 8252:Aetolian League 8246:Boeotian League 8228:Hellenic League 8215: 8202: 8192:(c. 650–404 BC) 8183: 8177:Italiote League 8170: 8166: 8160:Doric Hexapolis 8150: 8141: 8137:Seleucid Empire 8080: 7973: 7972: 7936: 7843: 7819:Greek Dark Ages 7788: 7787: 7764: 7751: 7746: 7716: 7707: 7664: 7593:Ammonius Saccas 7579: 7536: 7484:Middle Platonic 7478: 7440: 7392: 7383:Marcus Aurelius 7319: 7295:Timon of Phlius 7263: 7233:Aristotelianism 7215: 7178: 7159:Diodorus Cronus 7125: 7072: 7044: 7001: 6963: 6927: 6884: 6832: 6805: 6777: 6742: 6729: 6701: 6678: 6572: 6559: 6536: 6486: 6438: 6417: 6412: 6382: 6377: 6366: 6355: 6353: 6342: 6308:Arabian/Islamic 6296: 6285:numeral systems 6174: 6124: 6094: 6042:Heron's formula 6020: 6002: 5894: 5890:Triangle center 5880:Regular polygon 5757:and definitions 5756: 5750: 5712: 5692: 5682: 5644: 5634: 5624: 5614: 5590: 5580: 5563: 5529: 5500:Theon of Smyrna 5145: 5137: 5132: 5102: 5097: 5071: 5050: 5036:Spherical Earth 4971:Callippic cycle 4959: 4940:Equatorial ring 4908: 4902: 4892: 4882: 4872: 4862: 4847: 4838:Theon of Smyrna 4629: 4624: 4594: 4589: 4584:Myson of Chenae 4553:Solon of Athens 4539: 4534: 4468: 4458: 4439: 4409: 4381: 4362: 4343: 4327: 4325:Further reading 4291:Pliny the Elder 4272:Lloyd, G. E. R. 4196: 4161: 4121: 4116: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4016: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3990: 3986: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3931: 3920: 3916: 3904: 3900: 3883:Fielding, Henry 3880: 3876: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3824: 3820: 3802: 3798: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3754: 3750: 3726: 3722: 3718:Theaetetus 174a 3717: 3713: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3659: 3655: 3645:Thales' Eclipse 3642: 3638: 3620: 3616: 3609: 3589: 3585: 3578: 3564: 3560: 3549: 3545: 3534: 3530: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3446: 3442: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3392: 3388: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3298: 3294: 3274: 3270: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3217: 3213: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3173: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3146: 3142: 3119:10.2307/3615512 3103: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3048:Perseus Project 3036: 3032: 2999: 2992: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2958:. p. 1016. 2939: 2937: 2930: 2915: 2906: 2899: 2880: 2873: 2860: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2820: 2816: 2809: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2769: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2741: 2737: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2699: 2695: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2637: 2624: 2613: 2604: 2597: 2581:Ferguson, Kitty 2578: 2574: 2563: 2559: 2543: 2539: 2532: 2516: 2507: 2500: 2484: 2480: 2473: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2427: 2423: 2412: 2408: 2397: 2393: 2386: 2370: 2366: 2359: 2343: 2339: 2322: 2315: 2309: 2302: 2295: 2279: 2275: 2268: 2252: 2248: 2241: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2191: 2187: 2172: 2159: 2140: 2133: 2126: 2110: 2106: 2093: 2086: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2043: 2039: 2029:Wayback Machine 2019: 2015: 2001: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1974: 1970: 1957: 1953: 1944: 1940: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1913: 1907: 1903: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1851: 1847: 1841: 1837: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1745:Milesian school 1706: 1690: 1649:"Thales", says 1594: 1568:The Halys River 1562: 1547: 1541: 1462: 1456: 1411: 1382: 1346: 1329:On the Solstice 1291: 1243:, sourced from 1237:Pliny the Elder 1202: 1195: 1189: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1133: 1126: 1120: 1111: 1109:Vertical angles 1079:vertical angles 1036: 1032: 1018: 1007: 887: 881: 856:Greek tradition 833:anthropomorphic 825: 801:Cyrus the Great 786: 762: 723:of Damasius at 693: 632: 600: 562:The culture of 560: 475: 415: 325:Greek tradition 287: 283: 261: 235: 231: 217: 178: 171: 150: 88: 70: 61: 49: 37: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10760: 10750: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10687:Metaphysicians 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10647:540s BC deaths 10644: 10642:620s BC births 10639: 10622: 10621: 10619: 10618: 10608: 10598: 10587: 10584: 10583: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10550: 10549: 10538: 10535: 10534: 10524: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10377: 10375: 10369: 10368: 10366: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10254: 10252: 10243: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10170: 10168: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10092: 10090: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10080: 10075: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10049: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9996: 9994: 9988: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9938:Megara Hyblaea 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9918:Hybla Gereatis 9915: 9910: 9908:Heraclea Minoa 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9854: 9852: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9706: 9704: 9695: 9685: 9684: 9681: 9680: 9674: 9666: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9652:Attic numerals 9649: 9647:Greek numerals 9644: 9642:Greek alphabet 9639: 9634: 9629: 9623: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9611: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9538: 9536: 9530: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9523: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9476: 9474: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9423: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9379: 9377: 9373: 9372: 9370: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9342: 9336: 9330: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9299: 9298: 9296:Musical system 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9267: 9266: 9255: 9253: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9131: 9129: 9119: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9109: 9103: 9095: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9067: 9065: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9036: 9034: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8880: 8878: 8872: 8871: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8767: 8765: 8759: 8758: 8756: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8728:Mathematicians 8725: 8720: 8715: 8709: 8707: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8637:Kings of Argos 8633: 8631: 8625: 8624: 8612: 8611: 8599: 8598: 8595: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8495:Cretan archers 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8476: 8475: 8465: 8459: 8457: 8451: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8443: 8438: 8432: 8430: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8404: 8402: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8361: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8313: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8297: 8294:Achaean League 8291: 8288:Euboean League 8285: 8279: 8276:Epirote League 8273: 8267: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8243: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8224:(c. 500–31 BC) 8219: 8206: 8193: 8187: 8174: 8156: 8154: 8152:Confederations 8143: 8142: 8140: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8088: 8086: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8078: 8076:Lissus (Crete) 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7987: 7985: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7954: 7946: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7853: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7824:Archaic Greece 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7800: 7798: 7790: 7789: 7786: 7785: 7780: 7774: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7749:Ancient Greece 7745: 7744: 7737: 7730: 7722: 7713: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7683:Dio Chrysostom 7680: 7674: 7672: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7595: 7589: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7546: 7544: 7542:Neopythagorean 7538: 7537: 7535: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7488: 7486: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7450: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7402: 7400: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7368:Musonius Rufus 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7333:Zeno of Citium 7329: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7286: 7284: 7275: 7269: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7225: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7192: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7135: 7133: 7124: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7082: 7080: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7058:Phaedo of Elis 7054: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7011: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6973: 6971: 6962: 6961: 6956: 6945: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6851: 6849: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6819: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6787: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6759: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6740: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6711: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6688: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6595: 6593: 6584: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6546: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6518: 6516: 6507: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6446: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6411: 6410: 6403: 6396: 6388: 6379: 6378: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6304: 6302: 6301:Other cultures 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6293: 6292: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6210: 6209: 6208: 6198: 6197: 6196: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6150:Greek numerals 6147: 6145:Attic numerals 6142: 6136: 6130: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6106: 6104: 6100: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6018: 6012: 6010: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5973:Law of cosines 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5865:Platonic solid 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5845:Greek numerals 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5788: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5760: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5686: 5676: 5673:Planisphaerium 5669: 5662: 5655: 5648: 5638: 5628: 5618: 5608: 5601: 5594: 5584: 5574: 5567: 5557: 5550: 5545: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5151: 5149: 5143:Mathematicians 5139: 5138: 5131: 5130: 5123: 5116: 5108: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4906: 4900:On the Heavens 4896: 4886: 4876: 4873:(Eratosthenes) 4866: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4778:Philip of Opus 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4639: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4623: 4622: 4615: 4608: 4600: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4563:Bias of Priene 4560: 4555: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4533: 4532: 4525: 4518: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4467: 4466:External links 4464: 4463: 4462: 4456: 4443: 4437: 4424: 4413: 4407: 4394: 4385: 4380:978-0754605331 4379: 4366: 4361:978-0567353313 4360: 4347: 4342:978-1441981158 4341: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4304: 4301:Online version 4288: 4279: 4268: 4250: 4223: 4193: 4178: 4165:(1991 pbk ed. 4159: 4143: 4133:Chisholm, Hugh 4120: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4093:10.2307/624797 4067: 4060: 4040: 4031: 4010: 3984: 3959:. New Series. 3940: 3929: 3914: 3898: 3895:. p. 346. 3874: 3854: 3845: 3838: 3818: 3796: 3776: 3767: 3748: 3720: 3711: 3692: 3683: 3674: 3653: 3636: 3614: 3608:978-9004338210 3607: 3583: 3576: 3558: 3543: 3528: 3525:978-0471129943 3506: 3497: 3488: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3440: 3429:Chisholm, Hugh 3413: 3404: 3386: 3373: 3364: 3350: 3341: 3329: 3320: 3312: 3292: 3268: 3244: 3232: 3211: 3189: 3164: 3155: 3140: 3086: 3074: 3062: 3053: 3030: 2990: 2970: 2961: 2948:, ed. (1870). 2946:Smith, William 2928: 2904: 2897: 2871: 2851: 2839: 2827: 2814: 2807: 2781: 2767: 2762:www.cs.uky.edu 2749: 2735: 2730:www.cs.uky.edu 2717: 2708: 2693: 2675: 2666: 2647:(2): 294–309. 2622: 2602: 2595: 2572: 2557: 2537: 2531:978-3642189043 2530: 2505: 2498: 2478: 2471: 2451: 2442: 2421: 2406: 2391: 2384: 2364: 2357: 2337: 2313: 2300: 2294:978-0252025594 2293: 2273: 2266: 2246: 2239: 2219: 2205: 2185: 2157: 2131: 2125:978-1603846073 2124: 2104: 2084: 2069: 2062: 2037: 2013: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1976:Edmund Husserl 1968: 1951: 1938: 1921: 1911: 1901: 1891: 1882: 1845: 1835: 1822: 1813: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1718:Veloso Salgado 1705: 1702: 1689: 1686: 1663:Henry Fielding 1593: 1590: 1561: 1558: 1540: 1537: 1458:Main article: 1455: 1452: 1410: 1407: 1381: 1378: 1345: 1342: 1333:On the Equinox 1290: 1287: 1191:Main article: 1188: 1185: 1122:Main article: 1119: 1116: 1110: 1107: 1008: 1006: 1003: 962:The 1870 book 880: 874: 858:. Rather than 824: 821: 785: 782: 761: 758: 744:gnothi seauton 732:Delphic maxims 717:Bias of Priene 692: 689: 631: 628: 599: 596: 564:Archaic Greece 559: 556: 474: 471: 448:Maeander river 414: 411: 318:Ancient Greece 223: 222: 219: 218: 216: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 187: 181: 179: 176: 173: 172: 170: 169: 164: 159: 153: 151: 149:Main interests 148: 145: 144: 135: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 105: 104: 94: 90: 89: 62: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10759: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10617: 10609: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10597: 10589: 10588: 10585: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10548: 10545: 10544: 10543: 10540: 10539: 10536: 10529: 10525: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10370: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10255: 10253: 10247: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10163: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10116:Hemeroscopion 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10089: 10085: 10079: 10076: 10073: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10042: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9993: 9989: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9847: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9693:Magna Graecia 9690: 9686: 9679: 9676: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9616: 9610: 9607: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9567:Arcadocypriot 9565: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9531: 9521: 9520:Zeus, Olympia 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9505:Hera, Olympia 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9469: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9434: 9431: 9428: 9424: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9408:Mount Olympus 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9376:Sacred places 9374: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9351: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9337: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9325: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9297: 9294: 9293: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9265: 9262: 9261: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9247: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9200:Olympic Games 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9190:Homosexuality 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9062: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9031: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8873: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8760: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8704: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8604: 8600: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8560:Seleucid army 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8452: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8397: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8302: 8295: 8292: 8289: 8286: 8283: 8280: 8277: 8274: 8271: 8268: 8265: 8262: 8259: 8256: 8253: 8250: 8247: 8244: 8241: 8238: 8235: 8234:Delian League 8232: 8229: 8226: 8223: 8220: 8210: 8207: 8197: 8194: 8191: 8190:Ionian League 8188: 8178: 8175: 8171: 560 BC 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8148: 8144: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7912:Magna Graecia 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7846: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7754: 7750: 7743: 7738: 7736: 7731: 7729: 7724: 7723: 7720: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7667: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7539: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7481: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7443: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7416:Zeno of Sidon 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7249:Lyco of Troas 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7185: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7131:Dialecticians 7128: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7004: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6960: 6957: 6954: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6938: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6887: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6780: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6579: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6409: 6404: 6402: 6397: 6395: 6390: 6389: 6386: 6376: 6375: 6370: 6363: 6362: 6349: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6283: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6271: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6211: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6127: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6023: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5978:Pons asinorum 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5948:Hinge theorem 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5782: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5744: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5670: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5617: 5615:(Aristarchus) 5613: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5595: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5520:Zeno of Sidon 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5117: 5115: 5110: 5109: 5106: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5021:Metonic cycle 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5006:Heliocentrism 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4986:Counter-Earth 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4895: 4893:(Aristarchus) 4891: 4887: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4616: 4614: 4609: 4607: 4602: 4601: 4598: 4585: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4526: 4524: 4519: 4517: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4459: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4438:0-415-32505-6 4434: 4430: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4408:9781803270869 4404: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4328: 4318: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4265:3-596-50832-0 4262: 4258: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4244:0-674-99133-8 4241: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4215: 4209: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4191:Third Edition 4187: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4171:0-471-54397-7 4168: 4162: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4071: 4063: 4061:9780715634974 4057: 4053: 4052: 4044: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4014: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3933: 3925: 3918: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3878: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3858: 3849: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3822: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3800: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3731: 3724: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3687: 3678: 3667: 3663: 3662:Wenskus, Otta 3657: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3587: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3554: 3547: 3541: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3510: 3501: 3492: 3484: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3451: 3444: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3417: 3408: 3402: 3398: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3377: 3368: 3360: 3354: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3296: 3290: 3289:0-470-63056-6 3286: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3265:92-3-102812-X 3262: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3241: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3215: 3207: 3200: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3169: 3159: 3151: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3083: 3078: 3071: 3070:Laërtius 1925 3066: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3040:"Book I 983b" 3034: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005: 2997: 2995: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2974: 2965: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2947: 2935: 2933: 2926: 2923:Alpha, 983b. 2922: 2918: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2900: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2867: 2866: 2865:The Histories 2858: 2856: 2848: 2843: 2836: 2835:Laërtius 1925 2831: 2824: 2818: 2810: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2794: 2785: 2778: 2777: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2746: 2745: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2712: 2704: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2679: 2670: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2618: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2598: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2569: 2568: 2561: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2541: 2533: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2501: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2482: 2474: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2455: 2446: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2425: 2417: 2410: 2402: 2395: 2387: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2368: 2360: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2341: 2334:. p. 13. 2333: 2329: 2328: 2320: 2318: 2307: 2305: 2296: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2277: 2269: 2263: 2259: 2258: 2250: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2231: 2223: 2208: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2189: 2181: 2177: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2145: 2138: 2136: 2127: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2108: 2101: 2097: 2091: 2089: 2080: 2073: 2065: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2041: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2009: 2005: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1990: 1977: 1972: 1965: 1961: 1955: 1948: 1942: 1935: 1934:Rhind papyrus 1931: 1925: 1915: 1905: 1895: 1886: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1839: 1832: 1826: 1817: 1807: 1803: 1796: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1767:(1892) noted 1766: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1726: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1661:According to 1658: 1656: 1652: 1646: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1566: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1536: 1534: 1533:O. Neugebauer 1529: 1527: 1521: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1451: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1431:olive presses 1428: 1420: 1415: 1409:Olive presses 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1350: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1295: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1199: 1194: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1147: 1130: 1125: 1115: 1106: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1058:'s lost book 1057: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1041: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1016: 1015: 1001: 998: 992: 990: 989: 984: 978: 975: 969: 967: 966: 959: 954: 950: 939: 936: 929:constituted ( 926: 924: 920: 919: 914: 913: 908: 904: 896: 891: 886: 879: 876:Water is the 873: 871: 870: 865: 861: 857: 853: 852: 847: 846: 841: 837: 834: 830: 829:idiosyncratic 820: 816: 814: 810: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 760:Golden tripod 757: 755: 754: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 702: 697: 688: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 665: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 638: 627: 625: 621: 617: 613: 604: 595: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 555: 552: 548: 542: 540: 539: 534: 530: 526: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 479: 470: 468: 464: 460: 459:solar eclipse 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 440: 435: 432: 424: 419: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 387:solar eclipse 384: 380: 376: 372: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 296: 293: 292:Ancient Greek 282: 276: 270: 266: 265: 256: 229: 220: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 193: 189:Water is the 188: 186: 183: 182: 180: 177:Notable ideas 174: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 154: 152: 146: 143: 139: 136: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 117: 114: 110: 106: 95: 91: 86: 82: 78: 74: 69: 68:Ionian League 65: 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 26: 22: 10411:Dionysopolis 10381:Abonoteichos 10333:Pantikapaion 9923:Hybla Heraea 9259:Architecture 9215:Prostitution 8904:Aristophanes 8860: 8763:Philosophers 8733:Philosophers 8565:Spartan army 8296:(280–146 BC) 8284:(338–322 BC) 8278:(370–168 BC) 8266:(374–196 BC) 8260:(378–355 BC) 8242:(430–348 BC) 8236:(478–404 BC) 8230:(499–449 BC) 7917:Peloponnesus 7839:Roman Greece 7698:Philostratus 7585:Neoplatonist 7239:Theophrastus 6913:Dionysodorus 6870:Thrasymachus 6521: 6496:Pre-Socratic 6451: 6365: 6352: 6194:Thomas Heath 6185: 6068: 6052:Law of sines 5908: 5840:Golden ratio 5705: 5698: 5689: 5683:(Theodosius) 5679: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5650: 5641: 5631: 5625:(Hipparchus) 5621: 5611: 5603: 5596: 5587: 5577: 5569: 5564:(Apollonius) 5560: 5552: 5540: 5515:Zeno of Elea 5469: 5275:Eratosthenes 5265:Dionysodorus 4899: 4889: 4883:(Hipparchus) 4879: 4870:Catasterismi 4869: 4859: 4822: 4718:Eratosthenes 4567: 4447: 4428: 4420: 4398: 4389: 4370: 4351: 4335:. Springer. 4332: 4314: 4294: 4283: 4274: 4256: 4236:A. D. Godley 4229: 4212: 4185: 4182:Burnet, John 4150: 4136: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4050: 4043: 4034: 4020: 4013: 4001:. Retrieved 3997: 3987: 3963:(275): 330. 3960: 3956: 3943: 3936: 3932: 3917: 3901: 3887: 3877: 3867: 3857: 3848: 3828: 3821: 3805: 3803:Nathan Ida, 3799: 3789: 3779: 3770: 3761: 3751: 3736: 3723: 3714: 3705: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3656: 3644: 3639: 3625: 3617: 3593: 3586: 3567: 3561: 3552: 3546: 3531: 3514: 3509: 3500: 3491: 3482: 3476: 3467: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3432: 3416: 3407: 3394: 3389: 3381: 3376: 3367: 3353: 3344: 3332: 3323: 3302: 3295: 3280: 3271: 3252: 3247: 3235: 3221: 3214: 3205: 3192: 3183: 3158: 3152:. Macmillan. 3143: 3113:(438): 267. 3110: 3106: 3077: 3065: 3056: 3043: 3033: 3008: 3002: 2983: 2973: 2964: 2953: 2887: 2864: 2842: 2830: 2817: 2792: 2784: 2774: 2770: 2761: 2758:"SOL Search" 2752: 2742: 2738: 2729: 2726:"SOL Search" 2720: 2711: 2702: 2696: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2644: 2640: 2616: 2585: 2575: 2565: 2560: 2550: 2540: 2520: 2488: 2481: 2461: 2454: 2445: 2429: 2424: 2415: 2409: 2400: 2394: 2374: 2367: 2347: 2340: 2326: 2283: 2276: 2256: 2249: 2229: 2222: 2210:. Retrieved 2195: 2188: 2179: 2143: 2114: 2107: 2078: 2072: 2048: 2040: 2016: 2007: 1971: 1954: 1941: 1929: 1924: 1914: 1904: 1894: 1885: 1869: 1857: 1848: 1838: 1830: 1825: 1816: 1806: 1795:of Tenedos. 1790: 1786: 1773:Pythagoreans 1770: 1763: 1752: 1748: 1733:cosmologists 1730: 1722: 1713: 1691: 1677: 1671: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1640: 1609: 1600: 1571: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1530: 1526:Median kings 1523: 1518: 1502: 1482:Isaac Asimov 1468:between the 1463: 1448: 1424: 1383: 1371: 1355: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1300: 1282: 1270: 1264: 1261: 1230: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1152: 1145: 1112: 1103: 1086: 1068: 1059: 1049: 1037: 1031: 1027: 1013: 1010: 996: 994: 986: 980: 971: 963: 961: 956: 952: 941: 937: 927: 916: 910: 903:cosmological 900: 877: 867: 863: 859: 849: 848:rather than 843: 826: 818: 806: 791: 787: 773: 763: 751: 748:know thyself 743: 729: 706: 684: 676: 672: 668: 662: 660: 641: 633: 623: 609: 561: 543: 536: 515: 484: 452: 437: 428: 368: 349: 322: 295:pre-Socratic 227: 226: 208:Know thyself 190: 140: / 71:(modern-day 29: 21:Thales Group 10702:Ontologists 10559:Place names 10471:Salmydessus 10293:Kalos Limen 10273:Chersonesus 10263:Borysthenes 9968:Tauromenion 9780:Metapontion 9542:Proto-Greek 9495:Erechtheion 9490:Athena Nike 9452:Philippeion 9281:Mathematics 9252:and science 9135:Agriculture 8999:Stesichorus 8909:Bacchylides 8899:Archilochus 8786:Antisthenes 8776:Anaximander 8748:Seven Sages 8738:Playwrights 8718:Geographers 8713:Astronomers 8540:Pezhetairos 8167: 1100 8147:Federations 8046:Megalopolis 7983:City states 7958:City states 7300:Aenesidemus 7273:Hellenistic 7221:Peripatetic 7139:Clinomachus 6977:Antisthenes 6591:Pythagorean 6542:Heraclitean 6527:Anaximander 6444:Seven Sages 6261:mathematics 6069:Arithmetica 5666:Ostomachion 5635:(Autolycus) 5554:Arithmetica 5330:Hippocrates 5260:Dinostratus 5245:Dicaearchus 5175:Aristarchus 5001:Geocentrism 4913:Instruments 4903:(Aristotle) 4708:Cleostratus 4673:Aristarchus 4653:Anaximander 4635:Astronomers 4147:Boyer, C.B. 4119:Works cited 3949:Kirk, G. S. 3756:Herodotus. 3690:D.L. II.4–5 3535:Aristotle, 3382:In Euclidem 3038:Aristotle. 2921:Metaphysics 2862:Herodotus. 2094:Herodotus, 1811:Aristotle". 1793:Cleostratus 1777:Anaximander 1765:John Burnet 1737:Anaximander 1698:heat stroke 1574:engineering 1560:Engineering 1386:earthquakes 1380:Meteorology 1177:. Dante's 1091:one of them 1005:Mathematics 912:Metaphysics 869:physiologoi 770:Callimachus 572:Mesopotamia 431:doxographer 407:Halys River 337:mathematics 314:Seven Sages 298:philosopher 162:mathematics 157:Metaphysics 10631:Categories 10461:Polemonion 10338:Phanagoria 10308:Kimmerikon 10303:Kerkinitis 10288:Hermonassa 10278:Dioscurias 10174:Aspalathos 10121:Kalathousa 10096:Akra Leuke 10025:Phoenicusa 9810:Scylletium 9795:Poseidonia 9715:Brentesion 9602:Pamphylian 9597:Macedonian 9515:Samothrace 9500:Hephaestus 9447:Long Walls 9426:Structures 9367:Underworld 9313:Technology 9276:Literature 9210:Philosophy 9175:Euergetism 9064:By culture 9009:Thucydides 8851:Pythagoras 8846:Protagoras 8836:Parmenides 8821:Heraclitus 8806:Empedocles 8796:Democritus 8781:Anaximenes 8771:Anaxagoras 8723:Historians 8216: 595 8203: 550 8184: 800 8169: – c. 8097:Cappadocia 7902:Ionian Sea 7892:Hellespont 7857:Aegean Sea 7655:Simplicius 7620:Iamblichus 7565:Nicomachus 7454:Arcesilaus 7421:Philodemus 7411:Metrodorus 7353:Posidonius 7343:Chrysippus 7282:Pyrrhonist 7206:Xenocrates 7201:Speusippus 7174:Panthoides 7015:Aristippus 6918:Euthydemus 6855:Protagoras 6828:Democritus 6791:Empedocles 6764:Anaxagoras 6715:Parmenides 6692:Xenophanes 6649:Hermotimus 6599:Pythagoras 6550:Heraclitus 6532:Anaximenes 6434:Pherecydes 6429:Epimenides 6313:Babylonian 6213:arithmetic 6179:History of 6008:Apollonius 5693:(Menelaus) 5652:On Spirals 5571:Catoptrics 5510:Xenocrates 5505:Thymaridas 5490:Theodosius 5475:Theaetetus 5455:Simplicius 5445:Pythagoras 5430:Posidonius 5415:Philonides 5375:Nicomachus 5370:Metrodorus 5360:Menaechmus 5315:Hipparchus 5305:Heliodorus 5255:Diophantus 5240:Democritus 5220:Chrysippus 5190:Archimedes 5185:Apollonius 5155:Anaxagoras 5147:(timeline) 5076:Influenced 5055:Influences 5026:Octaeteris 4955:Triquetrum 4843:Timocharis 4828:Theodosius 4788:Posidonius 4748:Hipparchus 4738:Heraclides 4678:Aristyllus 4663:Apollonius 4658:Andronicus 3815:3319078062 3504:Ibid, p. 4 3393:Plutarch, 3313:0486600890 3240:Boyer 1989 3082:Boyer 1989 3011:(1): 4–6. 2808:0801480876 2564:Plutarch, 2154:1135457395 2146:, Volume 1 1986:References 1960:Adam Smith 1878:Heraclitus 1874:Pythagoras 1781:Anaximenes 1741:Anaximenes 1716:(1906) by 1636:organicism 1612:lodestones 1586:Anacharsis 1543:See also: 1436:prediction 1369:deposits. 1303:Ursa Minor 932:ὑπεστήσατο 883:See also: 864:mythologoi 721:archonship 656:Hipparchus 588:Pythagoras 499:Democritus 491:Phoenician 391:Ursa Major 373:, and the 310:Asia Minor 286: – c. 60:626/623 BC 10547:in Epirus 10496:Trapezous 10441:Mesambria 10426:Eupatoria 10396:Apollonia 10391:Anchialos 10353:Theodosia 10323:Nymphaion 10313:Myrmekion 10283:Gorgippia 10239:Black Sea 10224:Tragurion 10209:Nymphaion 10194:Epidauros 10189:Epidamnos 10179:Apollonia 10156:Zacynthos 10078:Ptolemais 10072:Apollonia 10045:Cyrenaica 10035:Therassía 10030:Strongyle 10010:Ereikousa 9933:Leontinoi 9873:Apollonia 9750:Hipponion 9547:Mycenaean 9510:Parthenon 9442:Lion Gate 9345:Mythology 9308:Sculpture 9271:Astronomy 9205:Pederasty 9180:Festivals 9165:Education 9045:Lawgivers 9014:Timocreon 8994:Sophocles 8989:Simonides 8964:Philocles 8959:Panyassis 8954:Mimnermus 8919:Herodotus 8914:Euripides 8884:Aeschylus 8831:Leucippus 8791:Aristotle 8570:Strategos 8436:Synedrion 8390:Ostracism 8370:Areopagus 8322:Free city 8117:Macedonia 8001:Byzantion 7907:Macedonia 7872:Cyrenaica 7849:Geography 7783:Geography 7688:Favorinus 7650:Damascius 7492:Antiochus 7459:Carneades 7426:Lucretius 7398:Epicurean 7373:Epictetus 7348:Panaetius 7338:Cleanthes 7229:Aristotle 7154:Dionysius 7149:Euphantus 7101:Eubulides 7063:Menedemus 7035:Anniceris 6941:Classical 6908:Lycophron 6903:Callicles 6823:Leucippus 6801:Pausanias 6769:Archelaus 6748:Pluralist 6644:Calliphon 6629:Brontinus 6609:Philolaus 6477:Cleobulus 6472:Periander 5774:Inscribed 5534:Treatises 5525:Zenodorus 5485:Theodorus 5460:Sosigenes 5405:Philolaus 5390:Oenopides 5385:Nicoteles 5380:Nicomedes 5340:Hypsicles 5235:Ctesibius 5225:Cleomedes 5210:Callippus 5195:Autolycus 5180:Aristotle 5160:Anthemius 4930:Astrolabe 4863:(Ptolemy) 4783:Philolaus 4773:Oenopides 4758:Hypsicles 4703:Cleomedes 4698:Callippus 4688:Autolycus 4643:Aglaonice 4423:70, 3–31. 4231:Histories 4226:Herodotus 4184:(1957) . 4109:250254883 4087:: 70–85. 3893:John Bell 3785:Aristotle 3762:Herodotus 3627:Histories 3622:Herodotus 3411:D.L. I.34 3380:Proclus, 3135:125626522 3017:0009-8353 2917:Aristotle 2661:246881067 2570:, ch. 10. 2212:1 October 2079:Aristotle 1949:of Samos. 1704:Influence 1674:Acheloios 1632:hylozoism 1620:magnetism 1504:Herodotus 1325:Astronomy 1311:solstices 1307:equinoxes 1289:Astronomy 1279:cotangent 1077:and that 991:, wrote: 985:, in his 907:Aristotle 860:theologoi 784:Diplomacy 709:statesmen 616:Naucratis 584:Near East 580:Babylonia 525:Cadmeians 522:seafaring 516:However, 487:Herodotus 455:Herodotus 399:equinoxes 395:solstices 360:theorized 358:. Thales 329:mythology 290:) was an 167:astronomy 10596:Category 10574:Theatres 10501:Tripolis 10436:Kerasous 10431:Heraclea 10363:Tyritake 10318:Nikonion 10229:Thronion 10151:Salauris 10106:Emporion 10063:Berenice 10053:Balagrae 10005:Euonymos 9978:Tyndaris 9963:Syracuse 9958:Selinous 9928:Kamarina 9883:Casmenae 9868:Akrillai 9785:Neápolis 9720:Caulonia 9701:Mainland 9632:Linear B 9627:Linear A 9557:Dialects 9534:Language 9328:Religion 9286:Medicine 9220:Religion 9185:Folklore 9170:Emporium 9145:Clothing 9140:Calendar 9024:Xenophon 9019:Tyrtaeus 9004:Theognis 8979:Polybius 8974:Plutarch 8949:Menander 8929:Hipponax 8856:Socrates 8811:Epicurus 8657:Diadochi 8555:Sciritae 8515:Hetairoi 8490:Ballista 8455:Military 8418:Gerousia 8408:Ekklesia 8375:Ecclesia 8357:Athenian 8305:Politics 8218:–279 BC) 8205:–366 BC) 8186:–389 BC) 8122:Pergamon 8092:Bithynia 8085:Kingdoms 8026:Pergamon 7968:Military 7963:Politics 7760:Timeline 7635:Syrianus 7615:Porphyry 7603:students 7598:Plotinus 7522:Alcinous 7517:Apuleius 7507:Plutarch 7406:Epicurus 7188:Platonic 7169:Alexinus 7116:Pasicles 7111:Nicarete 7091:Ichthyas 7078:Megarian 7050:Eretrian 7007:Cyrenaic 6992:Menippus 6982:Diogenes 6959:Xenophon 6953:students 6949:Socrates 6860:Prodicus 6725:Melissus 6697:Xeniades 6659:Arignote 6624:Alcmaeon 6619:Lamiskos 6614:Archytas 6604:Hippasus 6568:Diogenes 6555:Cratylus 6514:Milesian 6462:Pittacus 6338:Japanese 6323:Egyptian 6266:timeline 6254:timeline 6242:timeline 6237:geometry 6230:timeline 6225:calculus 6218:timeline 6206:timeline 5909:Elements 5755:Concepts 5717:Problems 5690:Spherics 5680:Spherics 5645:(Euclid) 5591:(Euclid) 5588:Elements 5581:(Euclid) 5542:Almagest 5450:Serenus 5425:Porphyry 5365:Menelaus 5320:Hippasus 5295:Eutocius 5270:Domninus 5165:Archytas 5031:Solstice 4964:Concepts 4860:Almagest 4803:Seleucus 4763:Menelaus 4723:Euctemon 4205:(1925). 4149:(1989). 3951:(1960). 3885:(1775). 3790:De Anima 3758:"Ch. 75" 3664:(2016). 3630:1,74,2 ( 3537:Politics 3279:(2010). 3180:"Thales" 3178:(1939). 2950:"Thales" 2885:(2017). 2583:(2011). 2548:(1892). 2100:2.9 (12) 2025:Archived 2006:(1945). 1862:Phemonoe 1843:eclipse. 1694:Olympiad 1665:(1775), 1592:Divinity 1512:Cyaxares 1508:Alyattes 1478:Anatolia 1472:and the 1321:Plutarch 1315:Pleiades 1253:pyramids 1241:Plutarch 1180:Paradiso 1174:Elements 1154:Pamphila 1083:theorems 1071:bisected 1040:geometry 699:Thales, 691:Sagacity 637:Josephus 547:Plutarch 403:engineer 379:pyramids 142:Milesian 10616:Outline 10569:Temples 10506:Zaliche 10486:Thèrmae 10476:Sesamus 10446:Odessos 10421:Cytorus 10416:Cotyora 10166:Illyria 10131:Mainake 10126:Kypsela 10015:Hycesia 9973:Thermae 9953:Segesta 9943:Messana 9898:Helorus 9878:Calacte 9858:Akragas 9820:Sybaris 9805:Rhegion 9760:Krimisa 9710:Alision 9619:Writing 9592:Locrian 9582:Epirote 9552:Homeric 9485:Artemis 9472:Temples 9413:Olympia 9383:Eleusis 9318:Theatre 9303:Pottery 9230:Warfare 9225:Slavery 9160:Economy 9155:Cuisine 9150:Coinage 9127:Society 9112:Culture 9107:Society 9055:Tyrants 8894:Alcaeus 8876:Authors 8826:Hypatia 8816:Gorgias 8753:Writers 8575:Toxotai 8545:Sarissa 8535:Peltast 8530:Phalanx 8510:Hoplite 8505:Hippeis 8428:Macedon 8400:Spartan 8385:Heliaia 8332:Proxeny 8041:Larissa 8036:Kerkyra 8031:Eretria 8021:Miletus 8016:Ephesus 8011:Corinth 8006:Chalcis 7927:Taurica 7797:Periods 7778:History 7703:more... 7660:more... 7640:Proclus 7575:more... 7532:more... 7474:more... 7436:more... 7388:more... 7315:more... 7259:more... 7211:more... 7040:more... 6997:more... 6923:more... 6898:Gorgias 6890:Italian 6880:more... 6865:Hippias 6838:Sophist 6815:Atomist 6783:Italian 6707:Eleatic 6684:Skeptic 6674:more... 6669:Eurytus 6582:Italian 6318:Chinese 6273:numbers 6201:algebra 6129:Related 6103:Centers 5899:Results 5769:Central 5440:Ptolemy 5435:Proclus 5400:Perseus 5355:Marinus 5335:Hypatia 5325:Hippias 5300:Geminus 5290:Eudoxus 5280:Eudemus 5250:Diocles 4935:Dioptra 4798:Pytheas 4793:Ptolemy 4743:Hicetas 4733:Geminus 4728:Eudoxus 4683:Attalus 4648:Agrippa 4135:(ed.). 4003:20 July 3979:2251995 3706:fee.org 3431:(ed.). 3127:3615512 3025:3292119 2776:Satires 1964:tannery 1919:height. 1870:e caelo 1866:Juvenal 1754:apeiron 1725:Western 1578:Croesus 1496:of the 1494:eclipse 1470:Lydians 1444:options 1440:futures 1403:etesian 1056:Eudemus 1052:Proclus 968:noted: 793:Croesus 774:Iambics 772:in his 630:Babylon 592:Eudoxus 558:Travels 529:Boeotia 444:Miletus 423:Miletus 341:science 302:Miletus 64:Miletus 10606:Portal 10554:People 10542:Cities 10481:Sinope 10466:Rhizos 10456:Phasis 10406:Bathus 10401:Athina 10386:Amisos 10348:Tanais 10343:Pityus 10268:Charax 10219:Pharos 10214:Orikon 10111:Helike 10101:Alonis 10068:Cyrene 10000:Didyme 9913:Himera 9888:Catana 9850:Sicily 9840:Thurii 9835:Terina 9800:Pixous 9755:Hydrus 9730:Croton 9562:Aeolic 9480:Aphaea 9403:Dodona 9388:Delphi 9357:Temple 9033:Others 8984:Sappho 8969:Pindar 8944:Lucian 8939:Ibycus 8924:Hesiod 8861:Thales 8629:Rulers 8608:People 8585:Xyston 8580:Xiphos 8441:Koinon 8347:Tyrant 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