590:. In the Lê dynasty it was called Thái Học Viện and was developed further. This development included the Minh Luân house, west and east classrooms, a storehouse for wooden printing blocks and two sets of three 25 room dormitories. The Khải Thánh shrine was built to honour the parents of Confucius. In 1946, the courtyard was destroyed during the First Indochina War. In the year 2000, the fifth courtyard was reconstructed on grounds of the original "Imperial Academy". It honours the talents, the national traditions and the culture and education of Vietnam. The design of the new fifth courtyard were based on the traditional architecture in harmony with the surrounding sights of the temple. Several buildings were constructed including the front building, the rear building, the left and right buildings, a bell house and a drum house. The Thái Học courtyard occupies 1530 sq.m. of the temple's total area of 6150 sq.m. The front building has a number of functions. Ceremonies in memory of cultural scholars are organised from the front building as are scientific activities and cultural events. The rear building has two levels. The ground floor has a statue of Chu Văn An (a rector of the academy) and shows exhibits of the temple and the academy with a display on Confucian education in Vietnam.
369:
594:
910:
551:
826:
465:), a unique architectural work built in 1805 and a symbol of present-day Hanoi. The Khuê Văn pavilion is built on four white-washed stone stilts. At the top is a red-coloured with two circular windows and an elaborate roof. Inside, a bronze bell hangs from the ceiling to be rung on auspicious occasions. Many poetic phrases preserved on the pavilion glorify Vietnamese traditional culture. Beside the Khuê Văn pavilion are the Súc Văn gate and the Bi Văn gate. These two gates are dedicated to the beauty of literature, both its content and its form. In the first and second courtyards there are
838:
231:
814:
391:
758:
746:
734:
850:
442:
134:
494:
478:
770:
779:
1038:
528:. The ancient Chinese engravings on each stele praise the merits of the monarch and cite the reason for holding royal exams. They also record the mandarins who were tasked with organising the exams. It used to be common to rub the stone turtles' heads, but now there is a fence that is meant to prevent people from doing this in order to preserve the turtles.
574:, where Confucius and his four closest disciples Yanhui, Zengshen, Zisi and Mencius are worshipped. The sanctuary also hosts altars to ten honoured philosophers. These pavilions reflect the style of the early 19th century. A small museum displays ink wells, pens, books and personal artefacts belonging to some of the students that studied at the temple.
410:, Confucius' birthplace. It covers an area of over 54,000 square metres (580,000 sq ft), including the Văn lake, Giám park and the interior courtyards which are surrounded by a brick wall. In front of the Great Gate are four tall pillars. On either side of the pillars are two stelae commanding horsemen to dismount.
657:) before enrolling at the academy. During the course of study at the academy, the students focused on discussion of literature and wrote poetry as well. The students learned Chinese, Chinese philosophy, and Chinese history. They had textbooks printed on paper which were in both Chinese and Vietnamese. They read
420:
The gate opens onto three pathways which continues through the complex. The centre path was reserved for the monarch and above the center path there is a big bronze bell, The path to the left is for the administrative
Mandarins and the path to the right is for military Mandarins. The interior of the
515:
with elaborate motifs to honour talent and encourage study. The Turtle (Quy, 龜) is one of the nation's four holy creatures - the others are the Dragon (Long, 龍), the
Unicorn (Lân, 麟) and the Phoenix (Phượng, 鳳). The turtle is a symbol of longevity and wisdom. The shape and size of the turtle changed
609:
On either side of the rear building are square buildings which hold a drum and a bronze bell. The drum is 2.01 metres (6 ft 7 in) wide, 2.65 metres (8 ft 8 in) high, has a volume of 10 m and weighs 700 kilograms (1,500 lb). The bell was cast in 2000, with dimensions of 2.1
605:
The upper floor is dedicated to the three monarchs who contributed most to the foundation of the temple and the academy: Lý Thánh Tông (1023–1072), who founded the temple in 1070, Lý Nhân Tông (1066–1127), who founded the
Imperial Academy, and Lê Thánh Tông (1442–1497), who ordered the erection of
424:
The bell located above the main gate was used to signify that an important person was coming through and was added to the Văn Miếu in the 19th century. The bell was made out of Bronze and could only be touched by monks. On the bell several patterns can be found including an outline of a phoenix,
519:
The doctors' steles are a valuable historical resource for the study of culture, education and sculpture in
Vietnam. 82 stelae remain. They depict the names and birthplaces of 1307 graduates of 82 triennial royal exams. Between 1442 and 1779, eighty-one exams were held by the
368:
242:(1225–1400) and in the subsequent dynasties. For nearly two centuries, despite wars and disasters, the temple has preserved ancient architectural styles of many dynasties as well as precious relics. Major restorations have taken place in 1920, 1954 and 2000.
718:
The students enrolled for three to seven years. They had minor tests each month and four major tests per year. Success in the exams, certified by the
Ministry of Rites (Bộ Lễ, 部禮) qualified them to sit the national exam (Hội Examination -
727:), held at court. At this exam, the monarch himself posed the questions, responded to the candidate's answer and then ranked those who passed into different grades. The Imperial Academy was the largest centre in the country.
485:
One enters the third courtyard from the Khuê Văn pavilion. In the third courtyard is the Thiên Quang well. On either side of the well stand two great halls which house the treasures of the temple.
547:
One enters the fourth courtyard through the Đại Thành gate. On either side are two smaller gates: Kim Thanh gate and the Ngọc Chấn gate. This courtyard is the ceremonial heart of the complex.
582:
In 1077 , Emperor Lý Nhân Tông ordered the construction of an imperial academy as a fifth courtyard. Literate mandarins were selected as students. In 1236, the academy was enlarged and named
825:
421:
site is divided into five courtyards. The first two courtyards are quiet areas with ancient trees and trimmed lawns, where scholars would relax away from the bustle of the outside world.
425:
which represents beauty, and a dragon, which represents power. Both of these symbols are used to represent the
Emperor and Queen. A bell can be found in all of the pagodas in Vietnam.
308:), were carved and 72 other statues of Confucian scholars were painted. Ceremonies were dedicated to them in each of the four seasons. The Crown Princes studied here."
531:
They are a valuable historical resource for the study of philosophy history, culture, education, society and sculpture in
Vietnam. The stelae were inscribed on
558:
On each side of the ceremonial fourth courtyard stand two halls. Their original purpose was to house altars to the seventy-two most honoured disciples of
433:
The first courtyard extends from the Great
Portico to the Đại Trung, which is flanked by two smaller gates: the Đạt Tài gate and the Thành Đức gate.
87:
972:
1415:
455:
The second courtyard is known as the great central courtyard or sometimes the courtyard of great success. It features the Khuê Văn pavilion (
1042:
361:
since hospital capacity was full during times of war. Campaigns of restoration were pursued in 1920 and 1947 under the responsibility of
362:
149:
813:
1696:
1087:
866:
593:
1681:
1573:
849:
959:
1676:
1440:
757:
745:
733:
246:"In the autumn of the year Canh Tuất, the second year of Thần Vũ (1070), in the 8th lunar month, during the reign of King
1233:
1691:
1588:
1460:
936:
1537:
896:
1171:
195:
1363:
1023:
Van Mieu Quoc Tu Giám: The Temple of
Literature, School for the Sons of the Nation, Hà Noi Viet Nam. A Walking Tour
357:
in 1906. During the period of 1945–1954, the French demolished parts of the temple to make additional room for the
1547:
1516:
1455:
871:
372:
A military mandarin, a provincial chief and a prefect in solemn audience costume at the Văn Miếu temple in 1915,
837:
328:, nobles, royalty, and other members of the elite. The university remained open from 1076 to 1779. In 1802, the
1224:
1347:
1645:
1630:
536:
1017:(Chapter on history of Hanoi's Temple of Literature). Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
1552:
1470:
1465:
685:
659:
447:
550:
1475:
1435:
1239:
1080:
877:
358:
622:
and was further developed in the 15th century under the Le dynasty. The academy was headed by a rector (
1229:
378:
341:
1501:
566:(a rector of the Imperial Academy). In the centre of the fourth courtyard is the House of Ceremonies (
1686:
1614:
1542:
1491:
723:). Success at the Hội Examination qualified the student to sit the royal exam, the Đình Examination (
399:
1337:
1254:
712:
501:
1394:
1368:
1186:
1073:
255:
222:. The art works are given away as gifts or are used as home decorations for special occasions.
1655:
1399:
1378:
1274:
207:
1635:
1249:
1136:
618:
The organization of instruction and learning at the
Imperial Academy began in 1076 under the
325:
202:
of doctors are places where offering ceremonies, study sessions, and the strict exams of the
1506:
1317:
1289:
1111:
508:
247:
56:
1284:
1214:
672:
1650:
1244:
1057:
321:
8:
1593:
1191:
1131:
1121:
797:
353:
230:
44:
20:
1219:
203:
1609:
1583:
1450:
1181:
1146:
1126:
778:
329:
1373:
992:
Van Mieu Quoc Tu Giam, The Gioi Publishers, Hanoi, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 1994
1327:
1322:
1279:
1209:
700:
695:
481:
Third Courtyard of the temple with the Thiên Quang well and the red Khuê Văn pavilion
831:
Orchestra performing traditional music in honour of the royal founders and Confucius
1521:
1294:
469:(bushes that are cut into particular shapes) that represent the 12 zodiac animals.
390:
348:
239:
238:
The Văn Miếu was founded and first built in 1070 and was reconstructed during the
1332:
525:
497:
1511:
1496:
680:
668:
1342:
219:
28:
1670:
1557:
1141:
704:
441:
133:
102:
89:
619:
598:
563:
521:
1445:
1116:
299:
154:
336:
capital where they established a new imperial academy. The academy at the
1640:
1578:
715:" (Kinh Xuân Thu, 經春秋); ancient poetry and Chinese history among others.
215:
190:
The Văn Miếu is one of several temples in Vietnam which is dedicated to
55:. The temple was founded and first built in 1070 at the time of Emperor
373:
1020:
462:
459:
456:
76:
73:
70:
1065:
559:
507:
The construction of the stone stelae began in 1484 under the Emperor
466:
317:
251:
191:
60:
676:
493:
477:
407:
769:
708:
333:
313:
289:
259:
211:
194:, sages, and scholars. The temple is located to the south of the
52:
234:
Thiên Quang ("Heaven Light") Well, also known as Literature Well
1037:
532:
269:
649:
Many students lived and studied at the Temple. Most students (
610:
by 0.99 metres (6 ft 11 in by 3 ft 3 in).
206:
took place. The temple is featured on the back of the 100,000
1097:
337:
199:
169:
48:
1050:
79:), Vietnam's first national university, from 1076 to 1779.
512:
403:
279:
911:""Special National Monuments in Ha Noi" exhibition opens"
630:). The professors of the academy held different titles:
320:, was established within the temple during the reign of
340:
temple lost its prominence and became a school of the
606:
the turtle stone stelae of doctor laureates in 1484.
218:
will assemble outside the temple and write wishes in
653:) had passed the regional exam (Hương Examination -
1021:Tran Doàn Lâm; Lê Bích Thuy; Bùi Kim Tuyen (2004).
351:, the Văn Miếu - Quốc Tử Giám was registered as a
1668:
962:, EFEO, vol. 45, n° 45-1, pp. 89-118 (in French)
855:Fifth Courtyard, grounds of the imperial academy
613:
303:
293:
283:
273:
263:
64:
973:"Master plan built for Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam"
960:Studies about the Temple of Literature (Hanoi)
1081:
445:Second Courtyard and Khuê Văn ("Light of the
198:. The various pavilions, halls, statues, and
819:Uniforms of students of the imperial academy
398:The temple layout is similar to that of the
316:'s first university, the "Quốc Tử Giám" or
1088:
1074:
795:The temple was featured in the 5th leg of
763:Mandarin at Văn Miếu, performing a ritual.
751:Mandarin at Văn Miếu, performing a ritual.
739:Mandarin at Văn Miếu, performing a ritual.
500:with the names of those successful at the
132:
1025:. Hanoi: Thế Giới Publishers. p. 85.
937:"The Best Things to do in Hanoi, Vietnam"
488:
250:, the Văn Miếu was built. The statues of
35:(although a more accurate name should be
1058:Temple of Literature Hue- Nguyen Dynasty
592:
549:
492:
476:
440:
389:
367:
229:
867:Confucian examination system in Vietnam
511:. He erected 116 steles of carved blue
1669:
1095:
138:Second Courtyard and Khuê Văn pavilion
1069:
554:Altars to Confucius and his disciples
949:"Complete History of the Great Viet"
917:. Hanoi Government. 26 November 2018
897:"Dịch hai chữ Văn Miếu ra tiếng Tây"
1015:Vietnam Past and Present: The North
1013:Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David:
542:
436:
13:
1461:Vietnam National Museum of History
1007:
789:
577:
472:
428:
14:
1708:
1030:
365:(French School of the Far East).
214:Vietnamese New Year celebration,
1036:
848:
836:
824:
812:
777:
768:
756:
744:
732:
601:, rector of the imperial academy
363:École française d'Extrême-Orient
1456:Vietnam Military History Museum
1416:Hai Bà Trưng Temple (Đồng Nhân)
31:: 文廟), literally translated as
1697:11th-century Confucian temples
1172:Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long
995:
986:
965:
952:
943:
929:
903:
889:
196:Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long
1:
1631:Noi Bai International Airport
883:
614:Study at the Imperial Academy
82:Temple dedicated to Confucius
45:temple dedicated to Confucius
1682:Confucian temples in Vietnam
1553:Hanoi Indoor Games Gymnasium
1471:Vietnam Museum of Revolution
570:). The next building is the
537:Memory of the World Register
7:
1677:1070 establishments in Asia
1476:National Library of Vietnam
1043:Temple of Literature, Hanoi
878:Literary Chinese in Vietnam
860:
686:Five Pre-Confucian Classics
394:The main gate to the temple
43:refers to Confucius), is a
10:
1713:
1589:National Convention Center
1574:National Assembly Building
805:
516:with the passage of time.
379:The Archives of the Planet
225:
210:banknote. Just before the
1692:Historical sites in Hanoi
1623:
1602:
1566:
1530:
1497:Bát Tràng ceramic village
1484:
1466:Vietnamese Women's Museum
1428:
1408:
1387:
1356:
1310:
1303:
1267:
1200:
1164:
1155:
1104:
385:
180:
175:
165:
160:
148:
143:
131:
124:
119:
1538:Mỹ Đình National Stadium
1255:Hanoi Medical University
713:Spring and Autumn Annals
524:and one was held by the
332:'s monarchs founded the
125:
1548:Quần Ngựa Sports Palace
711:" (Kinh Dịch, 經易) and "
1615:Hotel de l'Opera Hanoi
1507:Ngọc Hà flower village
1364:St. Joseph's Cathedral
958:Trân-hàm-Tân (1951),
679:" (Luận Ngữ, 論語) and "
602:
555:
504:
489:Doctor's stone tablets
482:
452:
395:
382:
304:
294:
284:
274:
264:
235:
103:21.02861°N 105.83556°E
65:
24:
1636:Hanoi railway station
1517:Vạn Phúc silk village
1137:Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum
675:" (Trung Dung, 中庸), "
626:) and a vice-rector (
596:
553:
496:
480:
444:
393:
371:
324:to educate Vietnam's
233:
1512:Lệ Mật snake village
1177:Temple of Literature
1045:at Wikimedia Commons
915:english.hanoi.gov.vn
874:in Đồng Nai, Vietnam
673:Doctrine of the Mean
59:, and it hosted the
33:Temple of Literature
1646:Chương Dương Bridge
1594:Vinhomes Times City
1502:Hàng Trống painting
1441:Museum of Fine Arts
1436:Museum of Ethnology
1379:Phùng Khoang Church
1275:Ba Vì National Park
1230:Presidential Palace
1192:Flag Tower of Hanoi
798:The Amazing Race 22
703:" (Kinh Thư, 經書), "
359:Saint Paul Hospital
354:Monument historique
349:French protectorate
120:Temple of Confucius
108:21.02861; 105.83556
99: /
37:Temple of Confucius
1610:Hilton Hanoi Opera
1584:Lotte Center Hanoi
1451:Ho Chi Minh Museum
975:. Vietnamnet. 2016
872:Văn Miếu Trấn Biên
784:Mandarins in Hanoi
707:" (Kinh Lễ, 經禮), "
671:" (Đại Học, 大學), "
669:The Great Learning
603:
556:
505:
483:
453:
396:
383:
298:), as well as the
236:
1664:
1663:
1651:Thăng Long Bridge
1567:Modern structures
1424:
1423:
1395:Quán Thánh Temple
1323:One Pillar Pagoda
1263:
1262:
1240:State Guest House
1210:Hanoi Opera House
1041:Media related to
701:Book of Documents
699:(Kinh Thi, 經詩), "
696:Classic of Poetry
683:" (Mạnh Tử, 孟子);
376:by Léon Busy for
342:Hoài Đức District
188:
187:
1704:
1687:Temples in Hanoi
1543:Hàng Đẫy Stadium
1522:Trang Tien Plaza
1492:Đồng Xuân Market
1338:Trấn Quốc Pagoda
1308:
1307:
1285:Thiền Quang Lake
1268:Nature and parks
1220:Long Biên Bridge
1162:
1161:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1054:
1053:
1051:Official website
1040:
1026:
1002:
999:
993:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
969:
963:
956:
950:
947:
941:
940:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
907:
901:
900:
893:
852:
843:Fourth Courtyard
840:
828:
816:
781:
772:
760:
748:
736:
543:Fourth Courtyard
437:Second Courtyard
318:Imperial Academy
307:
297:
287:
277:
267:
254:, his four best
181:Date established
136:
117:
116:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
104:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
68:
61:Imperial Academy
1712:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1656:Nhật Tân Bridge
1619:
1598:
1562:
1526:
1480:
1420:
1404:
1400:Ngọc Sơn Temple
1383:
1374:Hàm Long Church
1352:
1348:Non Nước Pagoda
1304:Religious sites
1299:
1259:
1234:Historical Site
1225:Hôtel Métropole
1202:
1196:
1157:
1151:
1100:
1094:
1063:
1049:
1048:
1033:
1010:
1008:Further reading
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
978:
976:
971:
970:
966:
957:
953:
948:
944:
935:
934:
930:
920:
918:
909:
908:
904:
895:
894:
890:
886:
863:
856:
853:
844:
841:
832:
829:
820:
817:
808:
792:
790:Popular culture
785:
782:
773:
764:
761:
752:
749:
740:
737:
616:
580:
578:Fifth Courtyard
545:
491:
475:
473:Third Courtyard
451:Star") pavilion
439:
431:
429:First Courtyard
418:
417:
416:
388:
228:
208:Vietnamese đồng
139:
127:
107:
105:
101:
98:
93:
90:
88:
86:
85:
83:
12:
11:
5:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1369:Cửa Bắc Church
1366:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1318:Quán Sứ Pagoda
1314:
1312:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1290:Trúc Bạch Lake
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1182:Cổ Loa Citadel
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1132:Ba Đình Square
1129:
1124:
1122:Thê Húc Bridge
1119:
1114:
1112:Hoàn Kiếm Lake
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1046:
1032:
1031:External links
1029:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:
1001:In Standard of
994:
985:
964:
951:
942:
928:
902:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
875:
869:
862:
859:
858:
857:
854:
847:
845:
842:
835:
833:
830:
823:
821:
818:
811:
807:
804:
803:
802:
791:
788:
787:
786:
783:
776:
774:
767:
765:
762:
755:
753:
750:
743:
741:
738:
731:
709:Book of Change
660:The Four Books
615:
612:
579:
576:
544:
541:
490:
487:
474:
471:
438:
435:
430:
427:
414:
413:
412:
387:
384:
330:Nguyễn dynasty
310:
309:
227:
224:
216:calligraphists
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
141:
140:
137:
129:
128:
122:
121:
81:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1709:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1558:Hanoi Circuit
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Hỏa Lò Prison
1243:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Đống Đa Mound
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:Labour Square
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1096:Landmarks of
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
998:
989:
974:
968:
961:
955:
946:
938:
932:
916:
912:
906:
898:
892:
888:
879:
876:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
851:
846:
839:
834:
827:
822:
815:
810:
809:
800:
799:
794:
793:
780:
775:
771:
766:
759:
754:
747:
742:
735:
730:
729:
728:
726:
722:
716:
714:
710:
706:
705:Book of Rites
702:
698:
697:
692:
688:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
611:
607:
600:
595:
591:
589:
588:Quốc Học Viện
585:
575:
573:
569:
568:Đại Bái Đường
565:
561:
552:
548:
540:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
517:
514:
513:stone turtles
510:
509:Lê Thánh Tông
503:
499:
498:Turtle Steles
495:
486:
479:
470:
468:
464:
461:
458:
450:
449:
443:
434:
426:
422:
411:
409:
405:
401:
392:
381:
380:
375:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
355:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:Lý Thánh Tông
245:
244:
243:
241:
232:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
183:
179:
174:
171:
168:
164:
159:
156:
153:
151:
147:
142:
135:
130:
123:
118:
115:
112:
80:
78:
75:
72:
67:
62:
58:
57:Lý Thánh Tông
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1446:Hanoi Museum
1328:Hương Temple
1215:Grand Palais
1176:
1117:Turtle Tower
1105:Public space
1062:
1022:
1014:
997:
988:
977:. Retrieved
967:
954:
945:
931:
919:. Retrieved
914:
905:
891:
796:
724:
720:
717:
694:
690:
684:
677:The Analects
664:
658:
654:
650:
648:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
617:
608:
604:
587:
584:Quốc Tử Viện
583:
581:
571:
567:
557:
546:
530:
518:
506:
484:
454:
446:
432:
423:
419:
397:
377:
352:
346:
322:Lý Nhân Tông
311:
300:Duke of Zhou
240:Trần dynasty
237:
189:
176:Architecture
155:Confucianism
84:
66:Quốc Tử Giám
40:
36:
32:
16:
15:
1641:Hanoi Metro
1579:Landmark 72
1343:Láng Temple
1333:Thầy Temple
1127:Old Quarter
572:Thượng Điện
526:Mạc dynasty
502:royal exams
326:bureaucrats
150:Affiliation
106: /
51:, northern
1671:Categories
1250:State Bank
1156:Historical
1147:Lenin Park
979:2017-12-09
884:References
636:Trực giảng
620:Lý dynasty
599:Chu Văn An
586:and later
564:Chu Văn An
522:Lê dynasty
374:Autochrome
347:Under the
94:105°50′8″E
21:Vietnamese
1624:Transport
1295:Red River
1280:West Lake
1158:monuments
655:Thi Hương
651:Giám sinh
628:Tư nghiệp
597:Altar to
560:Confucius
539:in 2011.
467:topiaries
312:In 1076,
256:disciples
252:Confucius
192:Confucius
91:21°1′43″N
1485:Shopping
1357:Catholic
1311:Buddhist
1203:colonial
861:See also
725:Thi Đình
693:, 五經): "
691:Ngũ Kinh
667:, 四書): "
640:Trợ giáo
632:Giáo thụ
408:Shandong
305:Chu Công
265:Nhan Hồi
204:Đại Việt
166:Location
161:Location
144:Religion
126:Văn Miếu
25:Văn Miếu
17:Văn Miếu
1429:Museums
806:Gallery
721:Thi Hội
681:Mencius
314:Vietnam
295:Mạnh Tử
290:Mencius
288:), and
275:Tăng Tử
260:Yan Hui
226:History
220:Chữ Hán
53:Vietnam
29:chữ Hán
1603:Hotels
1531:Sports
1388:Taoist
1201:French
1165:Feudal
921:5 July
665:Tứ thư
644:Bác sĩ
624:Tế tửu
533:UNESCO
400:temple
386:Layout
270:Zengzi
200:stelae
1409:Other
1098:Hanoi
338:Hanoi
285:Tử Tư
170:Hanoi
49:Hanoi
39:, as
923:2019
642:and
562:and
448:Legs
404:Qufu
280:Zisi
184:1070
535:'s
415:Map
402:at
334:Huế
278:),
268:),
212:Tết
47:in
41:Văn
1673::
913:.
646:.
638:,
634:,
406:,
344:.
258::
69:,
27:,
23::
1236:)
1232:(
1089:e
1082:t
1075:v
982:.
939:.
925:.
899:.
801:.
689:(
663:(
463:閣
460:文
457:奎
302:(
292:(
282:(
272:(
262:(
77:監
74:子
71:國
63:(
19:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
