116:
261:
379:
367:
212:
246:
holds that the treatment of Jews was worse than for non-Jews, because Djemal Pasha was against the
Zionist project in Palestine. Sheffy regards that it is more reflective of cultural and behavioral differences: the Arabs had no central organization, and with their experience of how government decrees
394:
After
Shragai's address, the Kfar Saba City Council voted to change the name "Pilots Street" in the city to "Tel Aviv-Jaffa" Street in October 2009 to commemorate the victims of the deportation. The Tel Aviv Founders' Families Association has been working for years with a burial society to establish
311:
The homes and property of the Jews of Jaffa and Tel Aviv were kept in the possession of the
Ottoman authorities, and they were guarded by a handful of Jewish guards. Djemal Pasha also released two Jewish doctors to join the deportees. Nonetheless, many deportees had perished during the harsh winter
231:
At the start of March, all the inhabitants of Gaza were expelled, a town of 35,000โ40,000 people, mostly Arabs. They had 48 hours to leave "even if crawling on their knees". Many of the men were conscripted and the rest scattered around
Palestine and Syria, first to nearby villages and then further
348:
despite being forbidden by the
Ottoman authorities. Sympathizing with the situation, some members of the population decided to provide needed medical and financial support. But when winter 1917โ1918 arrived, the situation worsened for many deportees and many died by hunger, famine, starvation and
173:
which allowed foreigners to live within the empire without taking citizenship. The
Ottoman governor made public statements against various foreign citizens throughout the empire considered to be potential spies. In December they expelled up to 6,000 Russian citizens who resided in Jaffa (all were
145:
in
Palestine. The evicted civilians were not allowed to carry off their belongings, and the deportation was accompanied by severe violence, starvation, theft, persecution and abuse. It is thought that about 1,500 of the evicted people died as a result of the deportation. Shortly after the
626:
223:
and were about to invade
Palestine, which alarmed the Turkish authorities. The Ottoman Empire began to become skeptical of the residents in the region, mostly Jews, as the Ottomans disdained them for alleged collaboration with the British following the discovery of
247:
were enforced, just remained nearby until the storm had passed, whereas the Jews obeyed the evacuation decree as a group. In any case, when New
Zealand troops entered Jaffa in November 1917, only an estimated 8,000 of the previous population of 40,000 was present.
182:. The Ottoman Empire issued forcible draft of its population into the army, demanding non-citizens (including Jews) to either take Ottoman citizenship before 15 May 1915 or be expelled from the region. Following the devastating effect of the
1243:
349:
maltreatment, as several
Yishuvs didn't receive them and thought they could be Ottoman spies. Deterioration of condition had prompted many Jews to flee and several of them had migrated to Egypt, or Europe and the
235:
On 28 March 1917, Djemal Pasha ordered the evacuation of the inhabitants of Jaffa. They could go wherever they liked except Jerusalem or Haifa. Farmers with crops in their fields, the workers of the winery in
240:, and the teachers and students of the Mikveh Israel school and the Latrun estate were excluded. Djemal Pasha, who was in charge of the Greater Syrian Theatre of the war, was forced to provide explanations.
627:"CRUELTIES TO JEWS DEPORTED IN JAFFA; Alexandria Consul Says They Were Robbed, Assaulted, and Some Were Slain. POPULATION WAS STARVED Tale That Same Fate Awaits All Jews In Palestine--Djemal Pasha Blamed"
194:"Meanwhile, people are literally starving. Horrified sights have seen our eyes: old women and children wandering, hunger and nightmare-madness in their dying eyes, no food falling under them and dying."
1293:
1131:
1239:
542:
833:
671:
924:"ืืืืื ืืืชื? ืคืจืฉืช ืืืืจืฉื ืชืึพืืืื ืืืคื ืืืืื ืืชืืชืื, 1918-1917 (Exiles in their country? The Case of the Deportees of Tel Aviv and Jaffa in the Lower Galilee, 1917โ1918)"
1056:
902:
Yigal Sheffy (2009). "?ืืืจืืฉ ืืืืื ืชื ืืืื 1917: ืืชืขืืจืืช ืคืืืืืืช ืื ืืืจื ืฆืืื (Deportation of the Jews of Tel Aviv 1917: Political abuse or military necessity?)".
232:
afield as those villages were also evacuated. Death from exposure or starvation was widespread. Gaza did not recover its pre-war population until the 1940s.
646:
603:
276:
and Rabbi Menachem Itzhak Kelioner. The committee arranged the transportation of the Jewish deportees to safety, with the assistance of Jews from the
1377:
583:
243:
563:
407:
146:
deportation, the Muslims affected were able to return to their homes, but the Jewish population was not able to return until the summer of 1918.
934:
17:
312:
of 1917โ1918 from hunger and contagious diseases due to negligence by the Ottoman authorities: 224 deportees are buried in Kfar Saba, 15 in
534:
1392:
1347:
1154:
764:
1372:
1175:
825:
803:
1214:
1352:
969:
1329:
1053:"A Beginning Expulsion of Jews from Tel Aviv by the Turks in 1917 | Institute on the Holocaust & Genocide in Jerusalem"
904:
Fighting at the entrances of Jaffa and the Yarkon victory : 8th Annual conference of the WW1 Heritage Association in Israel
1357:
1193:
797:
758:
476:
1052:
481:
1397:
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1304:
1367:
1270:
1093:
564:"THREATENS MASSACRE OF JEWS IN PALESTINE; Turkish Governor Said to Have Declared for Slaughter Like That in Armenia"
1294:
A tale of two cities and one telegram: The Ottoman military regime and the population of Greater Syria during WWI
750:
The Whole Wide World, Without Limits: International relief, gender politics, and American Jewish women, 1893โ1930
513:
471:
183:
604:"TURKS KILLING JEWS WHO RESIST PILLAGE; Washington Gets Confirmation of Reports of Atrocities in Palestine"
855:ืืจืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื, "ืืืืก ืื ื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืื ืืืืจืงื", ืืชืื: ืืืฆืืจ ืืืืฆืืง, ืขืืจื: ื. ืืืืื, ืืจืืฉืืื, 1991, ืขื' 444
1382:
466:
446:
292:) and to the north of Palestine, where they were scattered among the different Jewish settlements in the
202:"Even wealthy people in Jerusalem are becoming recipients (of alms) and even courting the remaining."
923:
391:
The deportation and subsequent deaths of so many Jewish deportees were not properly documented.
308:. Up to 16,000 deportees were evacuated from Tel Aviv, which was left with almost no residents.
1387:
486:
115:
1150:
787:
748:
170:
166:
lived in Palestine, and its Turkish officials considered them a threat to military security.
163:
8:
1218:
584:"CRUEL TO PALESTINE JEWS.; Turks Loot and Slay Victims Deported as a "Military Measure.""
425:
396:
260:
1023:
1007:
959:
876:
Doton Halevy (2015). "The rear side of the front: Gaza and its people in World War I".
729:
1169:
1086:[Why doesn't the municipality commemorate the deportation victims of 1917?].
1015:
793:
754:
733:
721:
456:
451:
65:
27:
Deportation of Jewish residents from Jaffa and Tel Aviv in 1917 by the Ottoman Empire
711:
491:
1189:
716:
699:
421:'s books mentioned the deportation, both when it began and after the deportation.
384:
The sign placed in the victims' compound of the Tel Aviv deportation in Kfar Saba.
517:
378:
187:
631:
608:
588:
568:
535:"The Expulsion of the Jews from Tel Aviv-Jaffa to the Lower Galilee, 1917-1918"
461:
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in Tel Aviv in memory of those who perished among the deportees from Tel Aviv.
329:
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273:
159:
142:
91:
1341:
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293:
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The Jews of Jaffa and Tel Aviv organized a migration committee, headed by
337:
285:
155:
130:
119:
1027:
414:", published in 1970 after her death, centered around the deportation.
175:
995:
211:
1300:
700:"The 1914 deportation of the Jaffa Jews: 'a little footnote of war'?"
345:
341:
289:
281:
510:
1330:
Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation on the Tel Aviv municipality website
1136:ืืืฉื ืืชืืืจื: ืืืืฉืื ืืืฉื ืืืืืฉืื ืืืืฉ ืืชืงืืคืช ืืขืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ื ืืืฉื ืืื
317:
301:
138:
61:
960:"The 1917 Expulsion of Tel Aviv's Jews, Seen Through Turkish Eyes"
1309:
1088:
964:
647:"The Banality of Indifference: Zionism and the Armenian Genocide"
521:
277:
280:, who arrived in Tel Aviv with carts. The exiles were driven to
333:
215:
Graves of unknown victims of the Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
313:
305:
179:
134:
57:
441:
225:
169:
Shortly after entering the war, the Ottomans abolished the
672:"1917: Ottoman Authority Orders Jews to Evacuate Tel Aviv"
83:
Ottoman suspicion of Jewish collaboration with the British
826:"Israeli history photo of the week: The locusts of 1915"
789:
The Rise of Israel: A history of a revolutionary state
996:"German Intervention on Behalf of the Yishuv, 1917"
785:
372:Gravestones of the deportees in Kinneret cemetery.
1083:ืืืืข ืื ืื ืฆืืื ืขืืจืืืช ืชื ืืืื ืืช ื ืกืคื ืืืจืืฉ 1917?
1339:
219:By January 1917, British forces had crossed the
1130:ืื ืืช ืืคืจืง "ืืืืฉืื ืืืฉื ืืืืชืืืฉืืืช ืืืืฉื" ืืชืื
1296:(BJMES 2018) Yuval Ben-Bassat and Dotan Halevy
432:" about the deportation which he experienced.
1079:
154:In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered
901:
875:
753:. Wayne State University Press. p. 46.
635:. June 3, 1917. pp. Section E, page 23.
162:. Many people who were citizens of opposing
1114:
779:
746:
316:, 321 in Tiberias, 104 in Safed, and 75 in
1075:
1073:
921:
740:
693:
691:
356:
284:, to cities in central Palestine (such as
1299:
917:
915:
913:
897:
895:
893:
891:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
715:
1378:World War I crimes by the Ottoman Empire
993:
987:
697:
428:, who was deported and survived, wrote "
259:
210:
133:on April 6, 1917, of 10,000 people from
114:
1117:ืืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืจืืฉืื ื
1070:
957:
688:
14:
1340:
1174:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1047:
1045:
1043:
1006:(1). Indiana University Press: 23โ43.
972:from the original on December 24, 2016
910:
888:
860:
532:
1215:"ืขืืจ ืงืื ื ืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืขื - ื ืืื ืืืืื"
1096:from the original on October 28, 2020
1080:Nadav Shragai (September 12, 2007).
621:
619:
482:Aliyah and Yishuv during World War I
264:The procession to return the exiled
250:
1040:
830:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
268:back to Tel Aviv and Jaffa in 1918.
24:
1393:Jewish refugees in the Middle East
1348:Anti-Zionism in the Ottoman Empire
710:(5). Informa UK Limited: 706โ723.
328:Many Jewish deportees ended up in
206:
25:
1409:
1373:Persecution in the Ottoman Empire
1287:
767:from the original on May 13, 2020
616:
477:Deportations of Kurds (1916โ1934)
1305:"When Tel Aviv was a wilderness"
1115:Bar-El, Dan; Greenberg, Zalman,
806:from the original on May 2, 2014
402:
377:
365:
174:Jewish). They were resettled in
1353:Antisemitism in the Middle East
1273:from the original on 2018-01-28
1257:
1246:from the original on 2021-07-10
1232:
1207:
1196:from the original on 2021-05-16
1182:
1157:from the original on 2020-10-29
1143:
1122:
1108:
1059:from the original on 2021-07-10
951:
940:from the original on 2020-10-29
847:
836:from the original on 2020-10-29
818:
698:Abramson, Glenda (2022-08-19).
545:from the original on 2021-09-14
149:
664:
639:
596:
576:
556:
526:
511:When Tel Aviv was a wilderness
504:
323:
198:An unnamed eyewitness stated,
127:Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
31:Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
18:Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
13:
1:
792:. Routledge. pp. 58โ59.
717:10.1080/13537121.2022.2112388
497:
472:Great Famine of Mount Lebanon
344:, with few choosing to go to
109:10,000 (including 8,000 Jews)
1358:Military history of Tel Aviv
878:Journal of Levantine Studies
786:Jonathan R. Adelman (2008).
141:, by the authorities of the
7:
467:1915 genocide in Diyarbekir
435:
255:
122:, who ordered the expulsion
10:
1414:
612:. May 19, 1917. p. 7.
533:Alroey, Gur (2016-09-06).
1398:Military history of Jaffa
1363:Yishuv during World War I
994:Friedman, Isaiah (1971).
747:Mary McCune (July 2005).
651:Routledge & CRC Press
592:. May 8, 1917. p. 4.
572:. May 4, 1917. p. 7.
190:described the situation,
105:
97:
87:
79:
71:
53:
35:
1368:Ethnic cleansing in Asia
1082:
983:(subscription required)
447:IsraelโTurkey relations
357:Aftermath and memorials
41:; 107 years ago
1190:"ืื ืืช ืืกืคืจืื ืฉื ืืืชืืจ"
487:Antisemitism in Turkey
269:
216:
204:
196:
186:, situation worsened.
123:
1240:"ืฉืืื ืงืืืคืืช ืืชืคืืืื"
1000:Jewish Social Studies
263:
214:
200:
192:
118:
1303:(October 5, 2009).
922:Gur Alroey (2006).
426:Yosef Chaim Brenner
397:Trumpeldor Cemetery
158:on the side of the
32:
1383:Expulsions of Jews
1138:, ืขืืืืื 102 โ 128
832:. 5 January 2012.
516:2019-06-24 at the
270:
217:
124:
39:April 6, 1917
30:
906:. pp. 22โ30.
799:978-0-415-77510-6
760:978-0-8143-3229-0
457:Assyrian genocide
452:Armenian genocide
251:Jewish population
113:
112:
66:Ottoman Palestine
16:(Redirected from
1405:
1334:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1313:. Archived from
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1278:
1261:
1255:
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1251:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
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1217:. Archived from
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933:(120): 135โ160.
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653:. pp. 82โ83
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1317:on May 23, 2009
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184:Lebanese famine
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1132:ืืืืฉืข ืงื ืืื
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338:Petah Tikva
324:Destination
286:Petah Tikva
156:World War I
120:Jamal Pasha
88:Perpetrator
75:Deportation
1342:Categories
1321:August 14,
1277:2020-10-26
1266:The origin
1250:2021-07-10
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1033:2023-02-19
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840:2020-10-26
681:2023-11-09
657:2023-11-09
549:2021-09-14
539:Orient XXI
498:References
430:The Origin
412:The Exiles
410:'s book, "
228:spy ring.
176:Alexandria
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1301:Tom Segev
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1012:1527-2028
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346:Jerusalem
342:Kfar Saba
290:Kfar Saba
282:Jerusalem
131:expulsion
106:Displaced
1271:archived
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318:Damascus
302:Tiberias
256:Response
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129:was the
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