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A taxonomic unit, whether named or not: i.e. a population, or group of populations of organisms which are usually inferred to be phylogenetically related and which have characters in common which differentiate (q.v.) the unit (e.g. a geographic population, a genus, a family, an order) from other such
111:
Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were presumably set forth in prehistoric times by hunter-gatherers, as suggested by the fairly sophisticated folk taxonomies. Much later, Aristotle, and later still, European scientists, like
185:, is equivalent to the taxon, assuming that taxa should reflect evolutionary relationships. Similarly, among those contemporary taxonomists working with the traditional Linnean (binomial) nomenclature, few propose taxa they know to be
92:, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion, especially in the context of rank-based ("
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88:) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular
668:
196:, the reptiles; birds and mammals are the descendants of animals traditionally classed as reptiles, but neither is included in the Reptilia (birds are traditionally placed in the class
807:
La taxinomie s'enrichit avec l'invenition du mot «taxon» par Adolf Meyer-Abich, naturaliste allemand, dans sa Logik der morphologie, im Rahmen einer Logik der gesamten
Biologie (1926)
789:; Thierry Tortosa; Romain Amiot, Julien Claude, Sébastien Clausen, Anne-Laure Decombeix, Vincent Fernandez, Grégoire Métais, Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud, Serge Muller (25 September 2013).
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have been grouped, in various systems of classification, as a family, order, class, or division (phylum). The use of a narrow set of ranks is challenged by users of
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469:(ICZN)) and animal phyla (usually the highest relevant rank in taxonomic work) often cannot adequately represent the evolutionary history as more about a lineage's
1927:
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continue to construct accurate classifications encompassing the diversity of life; today, a "good" or "useful" taxon is commonly taken to be one that reflects
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Elemens de botanique, ou
Methode pour connoître les plantes. I. [Texte.] / . Par Mr Pitton Tournefort... [T. I-III]
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488:-level taxa), can usually not be made monophyletic by exchanging the taxa contained therein. This has given rise to
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International Code of
Phylogenetic Nomenclature (PhyloCode): A Phylogenetic Code of Biological Nomenclature
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units. A taxon encompasses all included taxa of lower rank (q.v.) and individual organisms. "
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Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur
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group and as opposed to those ranks governed by the ICZN (family-level, genus-level and
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730:"Phylogeny as a Central Principle in Taxonomy: Phylogenetic Definitions of Taxon Names"
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158:. Lamarck set out a system for the "natural classification" of plants. Since then,
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Rank is relative, and restricted to a particular systematic schema. For example,
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This is not considered as mandatory, however, as indicated by terms for non-
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189:. An example of a long-established taxon that is not also a clade is the
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A prefix is used to indicate a ranking of lesser importance. The prefix
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specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping.
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In addition, the class rank is quite often not an evolutionary but a
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Logik der
Morphologie im Rahmen einer Logik der gesamten Biologie
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International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
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International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
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201:
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had been coined a century before from the Greek components
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134:, 10th edition (1758),, as well as an unpublished work by
888:
International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature. Glossary
897:. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
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groupings ("invertebrates", "conifers", "fish", etc).
567:
International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)
513:
639:
2221:
646:. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press. pp. xl + 149.
380:
169:Many modern systematists, such as advocates of
705:. National Geographic Magazine. Archived from
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640:Cantino, Philip D.; de Queiroz, Kevin (2000).
450:. For instance, among the additional ranks of
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778:
467:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
400:. Intermediate minor rankings are not shown.
285:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
818:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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345:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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690:. Paris: L’Imprimerie Royale. p. 562.
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673:(in Latin). Montpellier: Pech. p. 79.
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454:are superclass, subclass and infraclass.
365:Learn how and when to remove this message
104:, its use is then governed by one of the
2181:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
954:
376:
43:
728:de Queiroz, K & J Gauthier (1990).
700:
270:in 1948, and it was adopted at the VII
14:
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1944:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
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684:Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de (1694).
415:" applies formally to any biological
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826:
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343:adding citations to reliable sources
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96:") nomenclature (much less so under
492:and the ongoing development of the
434:indicates a rank above, the prefix
156:Principes élémentaires de botanique
81:
24:
1349:Evolutionary developmental biology
266:". For plants, it was proposed by
27:Grouping of biological populations
25:
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272:International Botanical Congress
177:methods that require taxa to be
100:). If a taxon is given a formal
2006:Extended evolutionary synthesis
1195:Gene-centered view of evolution
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2134:Hologenome theory of evolution
2001:History of molecular evolution
1227:Evolutionarily stable strategy
1116:Last universal common ancestor
774:(4th ed.). W.B. Saunders.
721:
694:
609:
572:List of taxa named by anagrams
248:), meaning "arrangement", and
13:
1:
1928:Renaissance and Enlightenment
915:The dictionary definition of
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277:
2139:Missing heritability problem
1766:Gamete differentiation/sexes
701:Quammen, David (June 2007).
152:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
7:
833:Meyer-Abich, Adolf (1926).
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438:indicates a rank below. In
200:, and mammals in the class
10:
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1771:Life cycles/nuclear phases
1323:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
792:Principes de paléontologie
404:A taxon can be assigned a
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216:was first used in 1926 by
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164:evolutionary relationships
140:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
58:, a widely accepted taxon.
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2240:Biological classification
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2014:
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1269:Parent–offspring conflict
1205:
1074:Earliest known life forms
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394:biological classification
171:phylogenetic nomenclature
98:phylogenetic nomenclature
2122:Cultural group selection
1986:The eclipse of Darwinism
1958:On the Origin of Species
1933:Transmutation of species
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306:
220:for animal groups, as a
2250:Zoological nomenclature
2127:Dual inheritance theory
1966:History of paleontology
866:Taxonomy of Angiosperms
667:Magnol, Petrus (1689).
446:indicates a rank below
2245:Botanical nomenclature
1815:Punctuated equilibrium
1136:Non-adaptive radiation
1084:Evolutionary arms race
795:. Dunod. p. 122.
770:Romer, A. S. (1970) .
401:
292:"taxon, (pl. taxa), n.
59:
37:. For other uses, see
2107:Evolutionary medicine
1981:Mendelian inheritance
1689:Biological complexity
1677:Programmed cell death
1369:Phenotypic plasticity
1089:Evolutionary pressure
1079:Evidence of evolution
977:Timeline of evolution
703:"A Passion for Order"
490:phylogenetic taxonomy
391:
144:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
47:
39:Taxa (disambiguation)
30:For the journal, see
2081:Teleology in biology
1976:Blending inheritance
1354:Genetic assimilation
1217:Artificial selection
956:Evolutionary biology
864:Naik, V. N. (1984).
592:Virus classification
587:Segregate (taxonomy)
339:improve this section
282:The glossary of the
2144:Molecular evolution
2102:Ecological genetics
1971:Transitional fossil
1761:Sexual reproduction
1601:endomembrane system
1530:pollinator-mediated
1486:dolphins and whales
1264:Parental investment
772:The Vertebrate Body
268:Herman Johannes Lam
2117:Cultural evolution
1232:Fisher's principle
1161:Handicap principle
1151:Parallel evolution
1015:Adaptive radiation
893:2005-01-03 at the
737:Systematic Zoology
709:on August 27, 2008
402:
106:nomenclature codes
60:
2217:
2216:
1833:Uniformitarianism
1786:Sex-determination
1291:Sexual dimorphism
1286:Natural selection
1190:Unit of selection
1156:Signalling theory
850:978-3-642-50733-5
802:978-2-10-070313-5
597:Wastebasket taxon
392:The hierarchy of
375:
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288:(1999) defines a
218:Adolf Meyer-Abich
49:African elephants
16:(Redirected from
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1996:Modern synthesis
1756:Multicellularity
1751:Mosaic evolution
1636:auditory ossicle
1318:Social selection
1301:Flowering plants
1296:Sexual selection
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843:. p. 127.
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2166:Polymorphism
2149:Astrobiology
2097:Biogeography
2052:Saltationism
2042:Orthogenesis
2027:Alternatives
1956:
1942:
1875:Cospeciation
1870:Cladogenesis
1819:Saltationism
1776:Mating types
1699:Color vision
1684:Avian flight
1606:mitochondria
1379:
1344:Canalisation
1222:Biodiversity
967:Introduction
917:
886:ICZN (1999)
882:
876:. p. 2.
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711:. Retrieved
707:the original
696:
686:
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669:
662:
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617:monophyletic
611:
493:
482:paraphyletic
475:
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443:
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361:
355:January 2024
352:
337:Please help
325:
283:
281:
262:), meaning "
257:
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187:paraphyletic
179:monophyletic
168:
160:systematists
155:
147:
129:
110:
85:
75:
67:
61:
55:
32:
2176:Systematics
2047:Mutationism
1865:Catagenesis
1793:Snake venom
1726:Eusociality
1704:in primates
1694:Cooperation
1622:In animals
1442:butterflies
1415:Cephalopods
1405:Brachiopods
1337:Development
1311:Mate choice
1064:Convergence
1047:Coevolution
1005:Abiogenesis
532:ABCD Schema
230:; the word
2224:Categories
2037:Lamarckism
2015:Philosophy
1938:David Hume
1900:Peripatric
1895:Parapatric
1880:Ecological
1860:Anagenesis
1855:Allopatric
1847:Speciation
1811:Gradualism
1736:Metabolism
1596:chromosome
1586:Eukaryotes
1364:Modularity
1281:Population
1207:Population
1168:Speciation
1146:Panspermia
1099:Extinction
1094:Exaptation
1069:Divergence
1042:Cladistics
1030:Reciprocal
1010:Adaptation
653:0429821352
627:References
557:Ichnotaxon
547:Cladistics
463:cladistics
459:liverworts
278:Definition
118:Tournefort
2230:Organisms
2171:Protocell
2022:Darwinism
1910:Sympatric
1659:processes
1547:Tetrapods
1496:Kangaroos
1422:Dinosaurs
1359:Inversion
1328:Variation
1249:Gene flow
1242:Inclusive
1052:Mutualism
997:Evolution
870:New Delhi
814:cite book
542:Chresonym
495:PhyloCode
471:phylogeny
326:does not
212:The term
175:cladistic
56:Loxodonta
51:form the
35:(journal)
2199:Category
2074:Vitalism
2069:Theistic
2062:Spandrel
1746:Morality
1741:Monogamy
1616:plastids
1581:Flagella
1537:Reptiles
1518:sea cows
1501:primates
1410:Molluscs
1388:Bacteria
1276:Mutation
1209:genetics
1185:Taxonomy
1131:Mismatch
1111:Homology
1025:Cheating
1020:Altruism
891:Archived
713:27 April
510:See also
478:phenetic
232:taxonomy
227:taxonomy
202:Mammalia
194:Reptilia
94:Linnaean
77:taxonomy
2090:Related
1920:History
1781:Meiosis
1716:Empathy
1711:Emotion
1611:nucleus
1552:Viruses
1542:Spiders
1454:Mammals
1437:Insects
1237:Fitness
1173:Species
972:Outline
757:2992353
506:, etc.
486:species
440:zoology
427:, etc.
347:removed
332:sources
208:History
136:Bernard
90:ranking
64:biology
2209:Portal
1885:Hybrid
1721:Ethics
1563:organs
1525:Plants
1511:lemurs
1506:humans
1491:horses
1481:hyenas
1469:wolves
1464:canids
1398:origin
847:
799:
755:
650:
500:clades
444:infra-
432:super-
421:plants
417:domain
413:Phylum
264:method
173:, use
150:, and
126:system
114:Magnol
1672:Death
1667:Aging
1646:brain
1432:Fungi
1393:Birds
1306:Fungi
1104:Event
987:Index
918:taxon
753:JSTOR
733:(PDF)
603:Notes
452:class
425:fungi
307:Ranks
258:nĂłmos
251:νόμος
244:táxis
237:τάξις
214:taxon
191:class
183:clade
74:from
68:taxon
53:genus
33:Taxon
2235:Taxa
2159:Tree
1631:hair
1571:Cell
1474:dogs
1459:cats
1449:Life
1427:Fish
1380:taxa
845:ISBN
820:link
797:ISBN
715:2013
648:ISBN
448:sub-
436:sub-
330:any
328:cite
198:Aves
138:and
120:and
86:taxa
66:, a
18:Taxa
1657:Of
1626:eye
1576:DNA
1561:Of
1378:Of
745:doi
480:or
341:by
204:).
154:'s
146:'s
128:in
124:'s
82:pl.
62:In
2226::
872::
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816:}}
812:{{
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