798:
826:
1306:
1610:
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790:
1358:
1425:
154:
699:
1254:
136:
715:
1406:
1990:
1332:
1280:
388:
774:), which has been introduced over much of the temperate world. After flowering is finished, the dandelion flower head dries out for a day or two. The dried petals and stamens drop off, the bracts reflex (curve backwards), and the parachute ball opens into a full sphere. When development is complete, the mature seeds are attached to white, fluffy "parachutes" which easily detach from the seedhead and glide by wind, dispersing.
127:
2063:
4789:
853:). Both plants carry similar flowers, which form into windborne seeds. However, dandelion flowers are borne singly on unbranched, hairless and leafless, hollow stems, while cat's ear flowering stems are branched, solid, and carry bracts. Both plants have a basal rosette of leaves and a central taproot. However, the leaves of dandelions are smooth or glabrous, whereas those of cat's ears are coarsely hairy.
1486:
1228:
815:
2212:, IME is building a pilot facility. As of May 2014, the first prototype test tires made with blends from dandelion-rubber are scheduled for testing on public roads over the next few years. In December 2017, Linglong Group Co. Ltd., a Chinese company, invested $ 450 million into making commercially viable rubber from dandelions.
1773:
The entire plant, including the leaves, stems, flowers, and roots, is edible and nutritious, with nutrients such as vitamins A and K as well as calcium and iron. Dandelions are found on six continents and have been gathered for food since prehistory, but the varieties commercially cultivated for
2164:
In 2018, researchers discovered that dandelion seeds have a separated vortex ring. This work provided evidence that dandelion seeds have fluid behavior around fluid-immersed bodies that may help understand locomotion, weight reduction and particle retention in biological and man-made structures.
1985:
Dandelions do not depend on wildlife for distribution or pollination; however much of wildlife benefits from the abundance of the plant. Rabbits, wild turkeys, white-tailed deer, eastern chipmunks, bobwhite quail, and many species of birds will consume the seeds and foliage. Additionally, many
785:
that stays attached to the seed rather than being sent downstream. In addition to the creation of this vortex ring, the pappus can adjust its morphology depending on the moisture in the air. This allows the plume of seeds to close up and reduce the chance to separate from the stem, waiting for
1545:
meaning "lion's tooth", referring to the coarsely toothed leaves. The plant is also known as blowball, cankerwort, doon-head-clock, witch's gowan, milk witch, lion's-tooth, yellow-gowan, Irish daisy, monks-head, priest's-crown, and puff-ball; other common names include
472:(the red-seeded dandelion), were introduced from Europe into North America, where they are an invasive species. Dandelions thrive in temperate regions and can be found in yards, gardens, sides of roads, among crops, and in many other habitats. Both species are
797:
1743:
of dandelion roots. Maximal activity of the proteinase in the roots is attained in April, at the beginning of plant development after the winter period. Each dandelion seed has a mass(weight) of 500 micrograms or 0.0005g (1/125 of a grain).
910:; some botanists take a much narrower view and only accept a total of about 60 (macro)species. By 2015, the number has been revised to include 60 sections and about 2800 microspecies. 30 of these sections are known to reproduce sexually.
4221:
Huber M, Triebwasser-Freese D, Reichelt M, et al. (2015). "Identification, quantification, spatiotemporal distribution and genetic variation of major latex secondary metabolites in the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.)".
3509:
682:) in two series. The inner bracts are erect until the seeds mature, then flex downward to allow the seeds to disperse. The outer bracts are often reflexed downward, but remain appressed in plants of the sections
4525:
2026:
Szabo studied nectar secretion in a dandelion patch over two years (59.2 and 8.9 flowers per square metre (5.50 and 0.83/sq ft) in 1981 and 1982). He measured average nectar volume at 7.4
3519:
An illustrated flora of the northern United States and Canada: from
Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian
690:. Between the pappus and the achene is a stalk called a beak, which elongates as the fruit matures. The beak breaks off from the achene quite easily, separating the seed from the parachute.
4370:
2200:(IME) in Germany developed a cultivar of the Russian dandelion that is suitable for current commercial production of natural rubber. The latex produced exhibits the same quality as the
3241:
4748:
1393:'Broad-leaved' - The leaves are thick and tender and easily blanched. In rich soils, they can be up to 60 mm (2') wide. Plants do not go to seed as quickly as French types.
2030:/flower in 1981 and 3.7 μl/flower in 1982. The flowers tended to open in the morning and close in the afternoon with the concentrations significantly higher on the second day.
2197:
1314:
2094:
as the most common invasive species in the park and hosts an annual "Dandelion
Demolition" event where volunteers are trained to remove the plant from the park's roadsides.
1007:
2196:, the Russian dandelion, is a species that produced industrially useful amounts during WW2. Using modern cultivation methods and optimization techniques, scientists in the
3358:
1957:
are present in high concentrations in the main root and stems of the common dandelion. However, only a few researchers have mentioned the possible risk of mild allergic
1874:, a species endemic to Crete, is eaten in the same way; it is found only at high altitudes (1,000–1,600 metres (3,300–5,200 ft)) and in fallow sites, and is called
1027:
2161:
The ability of dandelion seeds to travel as far as a kilometer in dry, windy and warm conditions, has been an inspiration for designing light-weight passive drones.
2678:
762:(i.e. morphologically distinct clonal populations) are recognised in nine loosely defined sections, of which 40 are "probably endemic". A number of species of
3783:
Bogacheva AM, Rudenskaya GN, Preusser A, et al. (1999). "A new subtilisin-like proteinase from roots of the dandelion
Taraxacum officinale Webb S. L".
2414:"A comprehensive analysis of chemical and biological pollutants (natural and anthropogenic origin) of soil and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) samples"
4064:"Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds Supporting the Therapy of Co-Existing Diseases in Metabolic Syndrome"
460:. The scientific and hobby study of the genus is known as taraxacology. The genus is native to Eurasia but the two most commonplace species worldwide,
899:. Phylogenetic approaches are also complicated by the accelerated mutation in apomixic lines and repeated ancient hybridization events in the genus.
3178:"Taraxacum kok-saghyz (rubber dandelion) genomic microsatellite loci reveal modest genetic diversity and cross-amplify broadly to related species"
2172:
demonstrated battery-free wireless sensors and computers that mimic dandelion seeds and can float in the wind and disperse across a large area.
3122:
5079:
4770:
3632:
3245:
2546:
4569:
4265:
Bekhaled I, Benalia A, Mehida H, et al. (15 May 2020). "Evaluation of the Acute
Toxicity of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Roots".
3000:"Towards a better understanding of the Taraxacum evolution (Compositae–Cichorieae) on the basis of nrDNA of sexually reproducing species"
2525:
4621:
5115:
5235:
2153:, and "Dandelion Yellow" is one of the school's official colors. "The Dandelion Yellow" is an official University of Rochester song.
5001:
4915:
1463:
for much of recorded history. They were well known to ancient
Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, and are recorded to have been used in
5053:
5014:
3506:
S. Potter & L. Sargent (1973) Pedigree: essays on the etymology of words from nature. Collins New
Naturalist series Volume 56
4001:
2815:
Ledda PG, Siconolfi L, Viola F, et al. (2 July 2019). "Flow dynamics of a dandelion pappus: A linear stability approach".
3879:
2693:
597:
are yellow to orange coloured, and are open in the daytime, but closed at night. The heads are borne singly on a hollow stem (
3984:
3919:
3617:
Antiquitates curiosae: the etymology of many remarkable old sayings, proverbs and singular customs explained by Joseph Taylor
3577:
3527:
3432:
3157:
3106:
1468:
5058:
2139:
3372:
2492:
3448:
2135:
It has been a
Western tradition for someone to blow out a dandelion seedhead and think of a wish they want to come true.
589:
In general, the leaves are 50–250 mm (2–10 in) long or longer, simple, lobed-to-pinnatisect, and form a basal
4910:
2979:
2939:
Investigating seed dispersal distances and long distance dispersal mechanisms of the invasive plant, Alliaria
Petiolata
2251:"Complete chloroplast genomes from apomictic Taraxacum (Asteraceae): Identity and variation between three microspecies"
1986:
insects will collect nectar from the flower, especially in early spring when there are very few other flowers in bloom.
3152:. B.S.B.I. handbook (Reprinted with minor alterations 2000 ed.). London: Botanical Society of the British Isles.
1139:, the rock dandelion, achenes reddish brown and leaves deeply cut throughout the length, inner bracts' tips are hooded
4803:
4579:
4437:
2946:
2738:
2087:
1925:. Dandelions were once considered delicacies by the Victorian gentry, who used them mostly in salads and sandwiches.
1418:
1366:
1042:
521:
5169:
5084:
5040:
2694:"Engineers uncover secret 'thinking' behind dandelions' seed dispersal | Imperial News | Imperial College London"
2471:
1953:
for sensitive individuals when consumed or coming into contact with skin, but the risk is mild. Latex containing
864:) by their basal rosette of leaves, their lack of disc florets, and the absence of scales on the flowering stem.
5164:
4035:
3948:
1262:
5133:
3695:
3543:
895:
complex due to the presence of apomixis: any morphologically distinct clonal population would deserve its own
548:
Like other members of the family
Asteraceae, they have very small flowers collected together into a composite
5066:
3761:
1827:
1510:
4164:"Functional Studies of Plant Latex as a Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds: Focus on Proteins and Alkaloids"
825:
5230:
4595:
4431:
Stewart-Wade SM, Neumann S, Collins LL, et al. (1 October 2002). "The biology of
Canadian weeds. 117.
3726:
3267:
1464:
2370:
2108:
With a wide range of uses, the dandelion is cultivated in small gardens to massive farms. It is kept as a
629:
when broken. A rosette may produce several flowering stems at a time. The flower heads are 20–50 mm (
4884:
4446:
933:
883:). These are readily distinguished by branched flowering stems, which are usually hairy and bear leaves.
4993:
4967:
2388:
1305:
5210:
5128:
4793:
2190:
when the tissues are cut or broken, yet in the wild type, the latex content is low and varies greatly.
306:
284:
34:
5019:
1823:
153:
5225:
5094:
4485:
3934:
1609:
945:
664:
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746:
areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus contains many species, which usually (or in the case of
5220:
2169:
1538:
1387:
1340:
1180:
1076:
1034:
468:
3596:
2181:
143:
A dandelion flower head composed of numerous small florets (top). The seedhead is shown below it.
5120:
4988:
4720:
3764:. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 1 July 2016
3643:
2558:
2554:
2146:
473:
4542:
2602:
4962:
4827:
3974:
3314:
2397:
2248:
1288:
1196:
1019:
777:
The seeds are able to cover large distances when dispersed due to the unique morphology of the
541: 'lion's tooth', referring to the jagged leaves) is also given to specific members of the
3905:
4513:
4510:
3615:
2607:
1954:
1918:
1910:
1581:
effect of the plant's roots. In various northeastern Italian dialects, the plant is known as
1386:'Amélioré à Coeur Plein' yields an abundant crop without taking up much ground, and tends to
1188:
1143:
1000:
971:
5107:
3668:
4923:
4678:
4231:
3883:
3826:
3189:
3011:
2824:
2773:
2425:
2262:
2192:
1974:
1757:
1429:
1236:
1164:
1135:
1127:
1123:, the Japanese dandelion, no ring of smallish, downward-turned leaves under the flower head
1069:
978:
831:
575:
536:
462:
300:
25:
3569:
2249:
Rubar Hussein M. Salih, Ľuboš Majeský, Trude Schwarzacher, et al. (9 February 2017).
8:
4980:
4865:
3909:
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3478:
1791:
1119:
1096:
4954:
4682:
4643:
4235:
3830:
3193:
3015:
2828:
2777:
2673:
2429:
2266:
1046:, the horned dandelion, considered by some sources to be a North American subspecies of
653:
5205:
5177:
4975:
4702:
4466:
4313:
4198:
4163:
4098:
4063:
4005:
3860:
3340:
3218:
3177:
3077:
3072:
3049:
3027:
2914:
2877:
2858:
2797:
2448:
2413:
2349:
2331:
2285:
2250:
1958:
1211:
1157:
1112:
1104:
1062:
993:
986:
892:
559:
326:
148:
4371:"Out My Backdoor: In Defense of Dandelions | Department Of Natural Resources Division"
4123:"Literature Review on the Biological Effects of Taraxacum Officinale Plant In Therapy"
3839:
3814:
2972:
Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
2572:
5102:
4897:
4706:
4694:
4666:
4575:
4493:
4458:
4396:
4352:
4317:
4282:
4247:
4203:
4185:
4144:
4103:
4085:
4041:
4031:
3980:
3915:
3852:
3844:
3792:
3743:
3573:
3523:
3428:
3223:
3205:
3153:
3102:
2999:
2975:
2952:
2942:
2919:
2862:
2850:
2789:
2734:
2644:
2500:
2476:
2453:
2290:
1522:
1433:
1150:
952:
857:
4470:
4243:
3864:
3341:"The red-leaved Faroese dandelion, Taraxacum rubifolium Rasmussen | Fróðskaparrit -"
3031:
2801:
1513:
around 900 CE wrote "the tarashaquq is like chicory". The scientist and philosopher
789:
651:(in both British and American English) containing many single-seeded fruits called
5182:
4804:"Unloved in bloom, unwelcomed in summer: Weeding through the lore of the dandelion"
4749:"Fraunhofer and Continental come together when the dandelion rubber meets the road"
4686:
4450:
4408:
4344:
4335:
Paulsen E (2017). "Systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactones".
4309:
4274:
4239:
4193:
4175:
4134:
4093:
4075:
3834:
3735:
3413:
by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobot. 43(2): 137–259, 2003
3213:
3197:
3067:
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2909:
2899:
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2781:
2443:
2433:
2323:
2280:
2270:
2071:
1914:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1590:
957:
903:
590:
483:
403:
4902:
4876:
4889:
3815:"Taraxalisin -- a serine proteinase from dandelion Taraxacum officinale Webb s.l"
3562:
3517:
3096:
3058:
2728:
2438:
2354:
2314:
2275:
2109:
2103:
1922:
1831:
1815:
1811:
1783:
1762:
1490:
1424:
929:
844:
778:
759:
735:
719:
530:
449:
191:
30:
5156:
5071:
3972:
2117:
5215:
4690:
3376:
3201:
2758:
2209:
2201:
2150:
2006:
1845:
1766:
1718:
598:
178:
3739:
3452:
3023:
2785:
1917:. Dandelion was also commonly used to make the traditional British soft drink
5199:
4725:
4497:
4462:
4397:"The influence of livestock management on habitat quality for farmland birds"
4286:
4278:
4189:
4148:
4089:
4045:
3848:
3719:
3209:
2956:
2878:"Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore"
2854:
2626:
2612:
2504:
2083:
2074:
and infestation of other crops worldwide; in some jurisdictions, the species
1835:
1779:
1687:
1514:
703:
698:
586:, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
549:
247:
84:
4771:"Linglong to fund research into dandelion rubber | Rubber and Plastics News"
4139:
4122:
3098:
Dandelions of Great Britain and Ireland (Handbooks for Field Identification)
2904:
2733:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 712.
2116:
brings up nutrients for shallow-rooting plants. It is also known to attract
1396:'Vert de Montmagny' is a large-leaved, vigorous grower, which matures early.
5146:
4850:
4698:
4356:
4251:
4207:
4107:
3796:
3747:
3227:
2923:
2793:
2724:
2530:
2457:
2294:
2205:
2079:
1706:
1649:
1357:
907:
896:
594:
292:
4321:
4180:
4080:
3856:
625: in) or more above the leaves. Stems and leaves exude a white, milky
476:
in their entirety and have a long history of consumption. The common name
135:
5027:
4859:
3123:"Overlooked dandelion diversity in BC (and everywhere in North America?)"
2997:
2652:
2580:
2043:
1732:
1714:
1614:
1506:
849:
782:
714:
583:
567:
59:
4412:
3813:
Rudenskaya GN, Bogacheva AM, Preusser A, et al. (23 October 1998).
2894:
2845:
2493:"Plantwatch: The remarkable 'dent de lion' is becoming much more fierce"
1795:
1405:
1253:
5006:
3081:
2998:
Kirschner J, Záveská Drábková L, Štěpánek J, et al. (April 2015).
2335:
1710:
1695:
1691:
1566:
840:
770:
that rapidly colonize disturbed soil, especially the common dandelion (
739:
668:
453:
267:
257:
237:
104:
69:
4348:
4220:
3416:
1989:
1467:
for over a thousand years. The plant was used as food and medicine by
5032:
4949:
4936:
4121:
Faria TC, Nascimento CC, Vasconcelos SD, et al. (14 June 2019).
3812:
3782:
2047:
1702:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1473:
1439:
Dandelions are thought to have evolved about 30 million years ago in
918:
802:
747:
743:
643:. The flower heads mature into spherical seed heads sometimes called
227:
109:
53:
19:"Dandelion" redirects here. It may refer to any species of the genus
4821:
4454:
3242:"Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute - Taraxacum ceratophorum"
3101:. Botanical Society of the British Isles Publications. p. 330.
2327:
921:
microspecies have been recorded in Great Britain and Ireland alone.
5141:
4844:
3406:
3398:
2142:. The citizens celebrate spring with an annual Dandelion Festival.
2124:
1933:
The yellow flowers can be dried and ground into a yellow-pigmented
1736:
1698:
1586:
1578:
1452:
914:
868:
821:
flower heads and ripe seeds are sometimes confused with dandelions.
793:
The pappus of a dandelion seed, which aids in wind-driven dispersal
755:
751:
579:
387:
217:
204:
99:
94:
79:
74:
64:
5045:
4941:
4120:
2412:
Boguś MI, Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, et al. (20 January 2023).
1331:
126:
3451:. Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association. Archived from
3402:
2120:
2113:
1962:
1950:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1675:
1653:
1633:
1456:
1440:
786:
optimal conditions that will maximize dispersal and germination.
767:
731:
114:
89:
4599:
4430:
3976:
Wild edible plants of Crete - Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης
3307:
2082:. It can also be considered invasive in protected areas such as
2062:
1721:. The roots contain a substantial amount of the prebiotic fiber
1279:
4788:
3410:
3176:
Nowicki M, Zhao Y, Boggess SL, et al. (13 February 2019).
2759:"A separated vortex ring underlies the flight of the dandelion"
2411:
2021:
2005:
seeds are an important food source for certain birds (linnets,
1934:
1906:
1726:
1722:
1598:
1444:
902:
As of 1970, the group is divided into about 34 macrospecies or
876:
818:
659:
640:
554:
4928:
4665:
Iyer V, Gaensbauer H, Daniel TL, et al. (17 March 2022).
4622:"White Sulphur Springs hosts West Virginia Dandelion Festival"
2876:
Seale M, Zhdanov O, Cummins C, et al. (7 February 2019).
2198:
Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology
1790:
is left intact. To make leaves more palatable, they are often
1485:
1227:
513:
4664:
4596:"Welcome to Main Street White Sulphur Springs...Make it home"
3724:—a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile".
2187:
2039:
1902:
1849:
1740:
847:. Dandelion flowers are very similar to those of cat's ears (
679:
675:
626:
542:
445:
165:
4264:
3880:"Edible weeds that are safe to eat and how you can use them"
3515:
3485:
by Ernest Weekley (1921) it is reported that Arabic طرشقون
2027:
814:
4528:
4394:
3973:
Kleonikos G. Stavridakis, Κλεόνικος Γ. Σταυριδάκης (2006).
2051:
1641:
1471:. Dandelions were probably brought to North America on the
1460:
507:
501:
433:
427:
409:
4161:
2814:
2756:
2577:
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms
1080:, the red-seeded dandelion, often considered a variety of
4162:
Gracz-Bernaciak J, Mazur O, Nawrot R (17 November 2021).
4061:
3720:
Katrin Schütz, Reinhold Carle, Andreas Schieber (2006). "
3669:"Den virtuella floran: Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. - Maskrosor"
3427:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 191.
3422:
1938:
1657:
1525:, in translating Arabic to Latin around 1170, spelled it
1459:. Dandelions have been used by humans for food and as an
492:
418:
4127:
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development
3911:
On Food and Cooking: the science and lore of the kitchen
3175:
2875:
2679:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2526:"Let dandelions grow. Bees, beetles and birds need them"
2308:
Adrian John Richards (1985). "Sectional nomenclature in
1870:) are eaten by locals, either raw or boiled, in salads.
1589:"), because they are found at the side of pavements. In
867:
Other plants with superficially similar flowers include
16:
Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae
4526:
Denali’s Dandelion Demolition returns after 2020 hiatus
2070:
Dandelions can cause significant economic damage as an
1620:
Raw dandelion greens contain high amounts of vitamins
4062:
Kania-Dobrowolska M, Baraniak J (15 September 2022).
3147:
856:
Early-flowering dandelions may be distinguished from
601:) that is usually leafless and rises 10–100 mm (
558:. In part due to their abundance, along with being a
522:
495:
430:
424:
421:
2307:
1993:
Dandelion specimen 85 cm (33 in) in height
639:–2 in) in diameter and consist entirely of ray
562:, dandelions are one of the most vital early spring
504:
498:
489:
415:
406:
4300:Lovell CR, Rowan M (1991). "Dandelion dermatitis".
2757:Cummins C, Seale M, Macente A, et al. (2018).
1887:
1875:
1802:. Dandelion greens have been a part of traditional
1390:
itself naturally, due to its clumping growth habit.
486:
436:
412:
4133:(3). Society of Pharmaceutical Tecnocrats: 94–99.
4057:
4055:
3561:
3475:An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language
2969:
1905:, along with other ingredients, usually including
928:are sometimes called taraxacologists, for example
4667:"Wind dispersal of battery-free wireless devices"
1569:" (and indeed the equivalent contemporary French
1023:, the California dandelion, an endangered species
5197:
4543:"Companion Planting for Vegetables & Plants"
3999:
2175:
4052:
3375:. Gardening.wsu.edu. 4 May 2003. Archived from
3171:
3169:
1597:(worm rose) after the nymphs of small insects (
3047:
2156:
1432:of a dandelion serving as a plant host to the
456:, which consists of species commonly known as
3903:
3808:
3806:
3522:. New York: Dover Publications. p. 315.
3373:"Gardening in Western Washington: Dandelions"
1131:, the Kazakh dandelion, which produces rubber
4713:
3949:"Lebanese Dandelions with Carmalized Onions"
3361:. Fondation Louis Bonduelle. 5 October 2016.
3166:
2993:
2991:
2752:
2750:
2145:The dandelion is the official flower of the
1571:
1176:), the common dandelion, found in many forms
671:(wind-aided) dispersal over long distances.
4299:
4168:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
4025:
3620:(2nd ed.). T&J Allman. p. 97.
3489:is derivable in turn from Persian تلخ چکوک
3043:
3041:
1913:. Its ground, roasted roots can be used as
1893:
1881:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1839:
1509:Arabic writings on pharmacy. The scientist
956:, the white-flowered Japanese dandelion, a
843:with yellow flowers are sometimes known as
552:. Each single flower in a head is called a
510:
4483:
3803:
3553:
3148:Dudman AA, Richards AJ, Stewart O (2000).
2393:F. H. Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Holsat. 56. 1780"
2038:Dandelions are used as food plants by the
835:seedhead with only one seed still attached
754:, resulting in many local populations and
134:
125:
4571:Wish: wishing traditions around the world
4426:
4424:
4422:
4267:Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
4197:
4179:
4138:
4097:
4079:
3838:
3715:
3713:
3483:An Etymology Dictionary of Modern English
3217:
3071:
2988:
2913:
2903:
2893:
2844:
2747:
2447:
2437:
2368:
2284:
2274:
2138:Five dandelion flowers are the emblem of
1852:, the leaves of a variety called 'Mari' (
1648:. Raw dandelion greens are 86% water, 9%
1489:Leaf resemblance to the teeth of a lion (
1203:
667:of fine hair-like material which enables
3568:. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. p.
3338:
3094:
3038:
2974:. London: A & C Black. p. 274.
2719:
2717:
2715:
2672:
2097:
2061:
1988:
1756:
1613:Plate of sauteed dandelion greens, with
1608:
1601:larvae) usually present in the flowers.
1484:
1423:
1404:
824:
813:
796:
788:
713:
697:
386:
4334:
3877:
3871:
3516:Britton, N. F., Brown, Addison (1970).
3150:Dandelions of Great Britain and Ireland
3050:"Eutriploid facultative agamospermy in
2936:
2228:Eating the seedhead is not recommended.
1517:around 1000 CE wrote a book chapter on
1477:for their supposed medicinal benefits.
781:which works to create a unique type of
582:, where the seeds are produced without
391:Dandelion bilobed stigma bearing pollen
5198:
4644:"Songs of the University of Rochester"
4419:
4395:D. L. Buckingham, W. J. Peach (2005).
4002:"Dandelion as underrated as underfoot"
3710:
3624:
3613:
3607:
3559:
3425:Edible and useful plants of California
2963:
2544:
2490:
2130:
4826:
4825:
4801:
4567:
4000:Castronovo Fusco MA (15 April 2008).
3946:
3897:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3544:"Common Dandelion_Family: Asteraceae"
2970:Blamey M, Fitter R, Fitter A (2003).
2723:
2712:
2386:
2382:
2380:
1977:in Europe, North America, and China.
5170:6cfc234d-fbd2-4e23-8a3b-24b71daaeeff
5095:d47cf699-0a24-46e4-baf1-59d99908b92c
4721:"Making Rubber from Dandelion Juice"
4646:. Lib.rochester.edu. 14 January 2010
3993:
3642:. Frapez soothie spa. Archived from
2140:White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
1980:
924:Botanists specialising in the genus
4598:. Wssmainstreet.org. Archived from
3914:. New York: Scribner. p. 320.
3698:. Nutritiondata.com, Conde Nast Inc
2057:
1921:, and is one of the ingredients of
939:
13:
4547:Country living and farm lifestyles
4314:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01826.x
3683:
3633:"Dandelion - far more than a weed"
3423:Clarke, Charlotte Bringle (1977).
3290:"Plants for a Future Search Error"
3073:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1970.tb02461.x
2377:
2182:Taraxacum kok-saghyz § Rubber
1915:a caffeine-free coffee alternative
1537:The English name, dandelion, is a
839:Many similar plants in the family
758:. In the British Isles alone, 234
14:
5247:
4781:
4438:Canadian Journal of Plant Science
2649:Longman English Dictionary Online
2127:gas, which helps fruit to ripen.
2088:Denali National Park and Preserve
1774:consumption are mainly native to
1681:
1674:oz) reference amount supplies 45
1562:, white endive, and wild endive.
886:
809:
801:Field with flowering dandelions,
674:The flower head is surrounded by
5236:Extant Miocene first appearances
5134:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328762-2
4787:
4624:. Nexstar Media Inc. 27 May 2023
4540:
3630:
3401:flora of Kholmech, southeastern
1686:The raw flowers contain diverse
1409:Hand-coloured print, plate 1 of
1356:
1330:
1304:
1278:
1252:
1226:
663:. Each cypsela is attached to a
482:
402:
152:
57:
4763:
4741:
4658:
4636:
4614:
4588:
4561:
4534:
4518:
4504:
4477:
4388:
4363:
4328:
4293:
4258:
4244:10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.01.003
4214:
4155:
4114:
4019:
3966:
3940:
3928:
3906:"A survey of common vegetables"
3776:
3754:
3661:
3589:
3536:
3500:
3467:
3441:
3405:and its correlation with other
3391:
3365:
3351:
3332:
3282:
3260:
3234:
3141:
3115:
3088:
3004:Plant Systematics and Evolution
2930:
2869:
2808:
2686:
2666:
2637:
2619:
2595:
2565:
2538:
2518:
1532:
593:above the central taproot. The
49:Temporal range: Miocene–recent
2837:10.1103/physrevfluids.4.071901
2730:New Flora of the British Isles
2682:(5th ed.). HarperCollins.
2484:
2464:
2405:
2362:
2355:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2342:
2301:
2242:
2222:
1786:, its leaves grow back if the
1632:, and are moderate sources of
1011:, frequently misidentified as
693:
1:
3840:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01243-5
3671:(in Swedish). Linnaeus.nrm.se
3477:, by Walter W. Skeat (1888) (
3339:Øllgaard H (1 January 1996).
2941:. Illinois State University.
2371:"Don't Dismiss the Dandelion"
2235:
2176:As a source of natural rubber
1747:
678:(sometimes mistakenly called
4549:. countryfarm-lifestyles.com
4486:"In praise of the archenemy"
3727:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2439:10.1371/journal.pone.0280810
2276:10.1371/journal.pone.0168008
2168:In 2022, researchers at the
1968:
1944:
1752:
1604:
1480:
1465:traditional Chinese medicine
1451:have been recorded from the
1428:1679 hand-coloured print by
1380:
7:
4447:Canadian Science Publishing
3495:Downloadable at Archive.org
3479:Downloadable at Archive.org
3127:iNaturalist Community Forum
2157:Inspiration for engineering
1973:Dandelion has been used in
1888:
1876:
1725:. Dandelion greens contain
1008:Taraxacum brevicorniculatum
934:Johannes Leendert van Soest
750:, obligately) reproduce by
566:sources for a wide host of
563:
466:(the common dandelion) and
10:
5252:
4691:10.1038/s41586-021-04363-9
4568:Thong R (September 2008).
3345:Faroese Scientific Journal
3202:10.1038/s41598-019-38532-8
2179:
2101:
2019:
1400:
1015:and a poor rubber producer
943:
35:Dandelion (disambiguation)
29:. For similar plants, see
18:
4834:
4584:– via Google Books.
4435:G. H. Weber ex Wiggers".
4028:Dyes from natural sources
3947:Bergo A (27 March 2021).
3878:Osborne T (11 May 2016).
3740:10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021
3024:10.1007/s00606-014-1139-0
2786:10.1038/s41586-018-0604-2
2033:
2015:
1894:
1882:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1840:
1794:to remove bitterness, or
1207:, a near-extinct species.
1184:, the St. Kilda dandelion
1028:Taraxacum carneocoloratum
946:List of Taraxacum species
332:
325:
318:
313:
298:
291:
149:Scientific classification
147:
142:
133:
124:
43:
4802:Frail F (23 June 1981).
4279:10.22270/jddt.v10i3.4093
3937:, ItalianFoodForever.com
3935:sautéed Dandelion Greens
3785:Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
3268:"Flora of North America"
2491:Simons P (25 May 2012).
2215:
2208:. In collaboration with
2170:University of Washington
1997:
1963:lactone hypersensitivity
1181:Taraxacum pankhurstianum
1077:Taraxacum erythrospermum
1038:, the Xinjiang dandelion
1035:Taraxacum centrasiaticum
4140:10.22270/ajprd.v7i3.502
3696:"Dandelion greens, raw"
3048:A. J. Richards (1970).
2555:University of Wisconsin
2472:"Wild About Dandelions"
2147:University of Rochester
1577:) refers to the strong
1565:The English folk name "
1108:, the Troödos dandelion
1100:, the Turkish dandelion
3904:McGee, Harold (2004).
3315:"Taraxacum rubifolium"
2817:Physical Review Fluids
2398:Flora of North America
2067:
1994:
1955:sesquiterpene lactones
1928:
1770:
1617:
1572:
1498:
1494:
1436:
1421:
1197:Taraxacum pseudoroseum
1192:, the Korean dandelion
1043:Taraxacum ceratophorum
1020:Taraxacum californicum
982:, the Paphos dandelion
836:
822:
806:
794:
723:
711:
574:species produce seeds
535:
469:T. erythrospermum
392:
368:Y.R.Ling & X.D.Sun
33:. For other uses, see
4524:Love, Colleen Coulon
4514:National Park Service
4484:Richardson J (1985).
4308:(3). Wiley: 185–188.
4181:10.3390/ijms222212427
4081:10.3390/foods11182858
3601:TheFreeDictionary.com
3564:Solving weed problems
2631:InfoPlease Dictionary
2608:CollinsDictionary.com
2098:Benefits to gardeners
2065:
1992:
1949:Dandelions may cause
1919:dandelion and burdock
1864:), or 'Koproradiko' (
1760:
1705:-like compound), and
1612:
1488:
1427:
1408:
1189:Taraxacum platycarpum
1144:Taraxacum lissocarpum
1001:Taraxacum brachyceras
972:Taraxacum algarbiense
828:
817:
800:
792:
717:
702:These are individual
701:
390:
4798:at Wikimedia Commons
4433:Taraxacum officinale
4030:. Bell & Hyman.
4026:Dyer, Anne. (1981).
3884:ABC News (Australia)
2369:Greenwood B (2015).
2193:Taraxacum kok-saghyz
2092:Taraxacum officinale
1975:traditional medicine
1449:Taraxacum tanaiticum
1430:Maria Sibylla Merian
1204:Taraxacum rubifolium
1165:Taraxacum officinale
1136:Taraxacum laevigatum
1128:Taraxacum kok-saghyz
1070:Taraxacum desertorum
979:Taraxacum aphrogenes
832:Taraxacum officinale
708:Taraxacum officinale
301:Taraxacum officinale
26:Taraxacum officinale
5231:Melliferous flowers
4773:. 20 December 2017.
4683:2022Natur.603..427I
4574:. Chronicle Books.
4413:10.1079/ASC50700199
4375:georgiawildlife.com
4236:2015PChem.115...89H
3979:. Rethymnon Crete.
3831:1998FEBSL.437..237R
3455:on 20 February 2017
3194:2019NatSR...9.1915N
3095:Richards A (1997).
3016:2015PSyEv.301.1135K
2937:Loebach CA (2015).
2895:10.7554/eLife.81962
2829:2019PhRvF...4g1901L
2778:2018Natur.562..414C
2561:on 22 October 2008.
2430:2023PLoSO..1880810B
2267:2017PLoSO..1268008M
2186:Dandelions secrete
2131:Cultural importance
2042:of some species of
1909:, are used to make
1798:in the same way as
1701:, isoquercitrin (a
1419:Elizabeth Blackwell
1120:Taraxacum japonicum
1097:Taraxacum farinosum
766:are seed-dispersed
722:fiber showing barbs
706:of the dandelion -
23:or specifically to
4808:The Boston Phoenix
4511:Non native species
4337:Contact Dermatitis
4302:Contact Dermatitis
4006:New Jersey On-Line
3182:Scientific Reports
2545:Doll J, Trower T.
2358:. Merriam-Webster.
2068:
1995:
1959:contact dermatitis
1951:allergic reactions
1771:
1739:, is found in the
1618:
1499:
1437:
1422:
1212:Taraxacum suecicum
1170:T. officinale
1158:Taraxacum mirabile
1113:Taraxacum hybernum
1105:Taraxacum holmboei
1063:Taraxacum coreanum
1052:T. officinale
994:Taraxacum balticum
987:Taraxacum arcticum
936:or A.J. Richards.
837:
823:
807:
795:
772:T. officinale
742:plants, native to
724:
712:
560:generalist species
463:T. officinale
393:
5211:Asteraceae genera
5193:
5192:
5103:Open Tree of Life
4828:Taxon identifiers
4792:Media related to
4751:. 14 October 2013
4729:. 28 October 2013
4677:(7901): 427–433.
4349:10.1111/cod.12671
3986:978-960-631-179-6
3921:978-0-684-80001-1
3614:Taylor J (1819).
3597:"Dandelion clock"
3579:978-1-58574-274-5
3560:Loewer P (2001).
3529:978-0-486-22644-6
3434:978-0-520-03261-3
3159:978-0-901158-25-3
3129:. 17 January 2020
3108:978-0-901158-25-3
2645:"dandelion clock"
2477:Mother Earth News
1981:Food for wildlife
1523:Gerard of Cremona
1434:pale tussock moth
1378:
1377:
1151:Taraxacum minimum
953:Taraxacum albidum
906:, and about 2000
862:Tussilago farfara
385:
384:
377:
369:
361:
353:
345:
287:
5243:
5226:Medicinal plants
5186:
5185:
5173:
5172:
5160:
5159:
5150:
5149:
5137:
5136:
5124:
5123:
5111:
5110:
5098:
5097:
5088:
5087:
5075:
5074:
5072:NHMSYS0000464161
5062:
5061:
5049:
5048:
5036:
5035:
5023:
5022:
5010:
5009:
4997:
4996:
4984:
4983:
4971:
4970:
4958:
4957:
4945:
4944:
4932:
4931:
4919:
4918:
4906:
4905:
4893:
4892:
4880:
4879:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4791:
4775:
4774:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4538:
4532:
4522:
4516:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4428:
4417:
4416:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4201:
4183:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4142:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4101:
4083:
4059:
4050:
4049:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3842:
3810:
3801:
3800:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3692:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3637:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3567:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3498:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3420:
3414:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3244:. Archived from
3238:
3232:
3231:
3221:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3010:(4): 1135–1156.
2995:
2986:
2985:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2917:
2907:
2897:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2848:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2721:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2579:(6th ed.).
2569:
2563:
2562:
2557:. Archived from
2542:
2536:
2535:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2278:
2246:
2229:
2226:
2090:in Alaska lists
2072:invasive species
2058:Invasive species
1961:for people with
1897:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1828:Sephardic Jewish
1820:Albanian cuisine
1808:Lebanese cuisine
1804:Kashmiri cuisine
1673:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1575:
1469:Native Americans
1415:A Curious Herbal
1360:
1334:
1308:
1282:
1256:
1230:
1218:
1217:
1205:
940:Selected species
845:false dandelions
638:
637:
633:
624:
623:
619:
616:
610:
609:
605:
525:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
450:flowering plants
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
375:
367:
359:
351:
343:
283:
157:
156:
138:
129:
119:
56:
41:
40:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5221:Leaf vegetables
5196:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5181:
5176:
5168:
5163:
5155:
5153:
5145:
5140:
5132:
5127:
5119:
5114:
5106:
5101:
5093:
5091:
5083:
5078:
5070:
5065:
5057:
5052:
5044:
5039:
5031:
5026:
5018:
5013:
5005:
5000:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4953:
4948:
4940:
4935:
4927:
4922:
4914:
4909:
4901:
4896:
4888:
4883:
4875:
4873:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4830:
4812:
4810:
4784:
4779:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4605:
4603:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4566:
4562:
4552:
4550:
4539:
4535:
4531:, June 17, 2021
4523:
4519:
4509:
4505:
4482:
4478:
4455:10.4141/p01-010
4429:
4420:
4393:
4389:
4379:
4377:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4333:
4329:
4298:
4294:
4263:
4259:
4219:
4215:
4160:
4156:
4119:
4115:
4060:
4053:
4038:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3945:
3941:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3876:
3872:
3811:
3804:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3718:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3649:on 11 July 2011
3646:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3612:
3608:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3580:
3558:
3554:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3493:, bitter herb (
3472:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3435:
3421:
3417:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3379:on 26 June 2012
3371:
3370:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3294:www.ibiblio.org
3288:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3093:
3089:
3059:New Phytologist
3046:
3039:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2968:
2964:
2949:
2935:
2931:
2874:
2870:
2813:
2809:
2772:(7727): 414–8.
2761:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2722:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2583:Companies. 2003
2571:
2570:
2566:
2543:
2539:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2489:
2485:
2480:. 1 April 2008.
2470:
2469:
2465:
2424:(1): e0280810.
2410:
2406:
2385:
2378:
2367:
2363:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2328:10.2307/1222201
2312:(Asteraceae)".
2306:
2302:
2261:(2). e0168008.
2247:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2184:
2178:
2159:
2133:
2110:companion plant
2106:
2104:Beneficial weed
2100:
2086:. For example,
2078:is listed as a
2066:Dandelion roots
2060:
2036:
2024:
2018:
2000:
1983:
1971:
1947:
1931:
1872:T. megalorhizon
1846:Korean cuisines
1816:Italian cuisine
1812:Spanish cuisine
1784:perennial plant
1755:
1750:
1684:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1607:
1593:, it is called
1535:
1501:The Latin name
1483:
1403:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1266:T. californicum
1264:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1231:
948:
942:
930:Gunnar Marklund
889:
812:
726:The species of
696:
635:
631:
630:
621:
617:
614:
612:
607:
603:
602:
523:
485:
481:
405:
401:
381:
380:
336:
309:
304:
282:
151:
120:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
51:
50:
47:
37:
31:False dandelion
17:
12:
11:
5:
5249:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5183:wfo-4000037583
5174:
5161:
5151:
5138:
5125:
5112:
5099:
5089:
5076:
5063:
5050:
5037:
5024:
5011:
4998:
4985:
4972:
4959:
4946:
4933:
4920:
4907:
4894:
4881:
4871:
4856:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4820:
4819:
4799:
4783:
4782:External links
4780:
4777:
4776:
4762:
4740:
4712:
4657:
4635:
4613:
4602:on 4 June 2010
4587:
4580:
4560:
4533:
4517:
4503:
4476:
4418:
4407:(2): 199–203.
4401:Animal Science
4387:
4362:
4327:
4292:
4273:(3): 159–163.
4257:
4224:Phytochemistry
4213:
4154:
4113:
4051:
4036:
4018:
3992:
3985:
3965:
3939:
3927:
3920:
3896:
3870:
3825:(3): 237–240.
3802:
3775:
3753:
3734:(3): 313–323.
3709:
3682:
3660:
3623:
3606:
3588:
3584:Swine's Snout.
3578:
3552:
3535:
3528:
3508:
3499:
3466:
3440:
3433:
3415:
3390:
3364:
3350:
3331:
3306:
3281:
3259:
3248:on 8 July 2014
3233:
3165:
3158:
3140:
3114:
3107:
3087:
3066:(3): 761–774.
3037:
2987:
2981:978-1408179505
2980:
2962:
2947:
2929:
2905:10044/1/102018
2868:
2807:
2746:
2739:
2711:
2685:
2665:
2636:
2618:
2594:
2564:
2537:
2534:. 12 May 2015.
2517:
2483:
2463:
2404:
2376:
2361:
2341:
2322:(4): 633–644.
2300:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2210:Continental AG
2202:natural rubber
2177:
2174:
2158:
2155:
2151:New York State
2132:
2129:
2102:Main article:
2099:
2096:
2084:national parks
2059:
2056:
2035:
2032:
2020:Main article:
2017:
2014:
1999:
1996:
1982:
1979:
1970:
1967:
1946:
1943:
1937:and used as a
1930:
1927:
1911:dandelion wine
1858:), 'Mariaki' (
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1719:sesquiterpenes
1688:phytochemicals
1683:
1682:Phytochemicals
1680:
1660:. A 100 gram (
1606:
1603:
1541:of the French
1534:
1531:
1505:originates in
1482:
1479:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1370:T. platycarpum
1365:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1090:erythrospermum
1073:
1066:
1059:
1039:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
975:
968:
944:Main article:
941:
938:
888:
887:Classification
885:
811:
810:Similar plants
808:
695:
692:
452:in the family
383:
382:
379:
378:
370:
362:
354:
346:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
323:
322:
316:
315:
311:
310:
305:
296:
295:
289:
288:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
245:
241:
240:
235:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
215:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
145:
144:
140:
139:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5248:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5184:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5086:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4867:
4861:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4772:
4766:
4750:
4744:
4728:
4727:
4726:Science Daily
4722:
4716:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4645:
4639:
4623:
4617:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4583:
4581:9780811857161
4577:
4573:
4572:
4564:
4548:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4527:
4521:
4515:
4512:
4507:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4174:(22): 12427.
4173:
4169:
4165:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4056:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3931:
3923:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3900:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3807:
3798:
3794:
3791:(9): 1030–7.
3790:
3786:
3779:
3763:
3762:"Carotenoids"
3757:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3714:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3670:
3664:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3619:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3556:
3545:
3539:
3531:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3512:
3503:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3270:. Efloras.org
3269:
3263:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3170:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3044:
3042:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2948:9781321782141
2944:
2940:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2823:(7): 071901.
2822:
2818:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2740:9780521707725
2736:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2700:. 1 June 2022
2699:
2698:Imperial News
2695:
2689:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2614:
2613:HarperCollins
2610:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2387:Brouillet L.
2383:
2381:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2076:T. officinale
2073:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2004:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1878:
1873:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1836:Greek cuisine
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:North America
1777:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:, as well as
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:carbohydrates
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1560:swine's snout
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1350:
1345:
1344:T. officinale
1341:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1318:T. laevigatum
1315:
1307:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:T. laevigatum
1083:
1082:T. laevigatum
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:T. officinale
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:T. kok-saghyz
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
991:
989:
988:
984:
981:
980:
976:
974:
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
950:
949:
947:
937:
935:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
893:taxonomically
891:The genus is
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
854:
852:
851:
846:
842:
834:
833:
827:
820:
816:
804:
799:
791:
787:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
721:
716:
709:
705:
704:pollen grains
700:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
661:
657:, similar to
656:
655:
650:
646:
642:
628:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
551:
546:
544:
540:
539:
538:
532:
528:
527:
518:
479:
475:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:) is a large
441:
399:
398:
389:
374:
371:
366:
365:Neo-taraxacum
363:
358:
355:
350:
347:
342:
339:
338:
331:
328:
324:
321:
317:
312:
308:
303:
302:
297:
294:
290:
286:
281:
280:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:Cichorioideae
246:
243:
242:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
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200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:Tracheophytes
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
155:
150:
146:
141:
137:
132:
128:
123:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
4835:
4811:. Retrieved
4807:
4794:
4765:
4753:. Retrieved
4743:
4731:. Retrieved
4724:
4715:
4674:
4670:
4660:
4648:. Retrieved
4638:
4626:. Retrieved
4616:
4604:. Retrieved
4600:the original
4590:
4570:
4563:
4551:. Retrieved
4546:
4536:
4520:
4506:
4489:
4479:
4442:
4436:
4432:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4378:. Retrieved
4374:
4365:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4227:
4223:
4216:
4171:
4167:
4157:
4130:
4126:
4116:
4074:(18): 2858.
4071:
4067:
4027:
4021:
4009:. Retrieved
3995:
3975:
3968:
3956:. Retrieved
3953:Forager Chef
3952:
3942:
3930:
3910:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3873:
3822:
3819:FEBS Letters
3818:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3756:
3731:
3725:
3721:
3700:. Retrieved
3673:. Retrieved
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
3644:the original
3639:
3626:
3616:
3609:
3600:
3591:
3583:
3563:
3555:
3538:
3518:
3511:
3502:
3491:talkh chakok
3490:
3486:
3482:
3474:
3473:Reported in
3469:
3457:. Retrieved
3453:the original
3449:"Dandelions"
3443:
3424:
3418:
3393:
3381:. Retrieved
3377:the original
3367:
3353:
3344:
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3318:
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3293:
3284:
3272:. Retrieved
3262:
3250:. Retrieved
3246:the original
3236:
3185:
3181:
3149:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3126:
3117:
3097:
3090:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3007:
3003:
2971:
2965:
2938:
2932:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2846:11568/998044
2820:
2816:
2810:
2769:
2765:
2729:
2702:. Retrieved
2697:
2688:
2677:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2606:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2576:
2567:
2559:the original
2550:
2540:
2531:The Guardian
2529:
2520:
2508:. Retrieved
2497:The Guardian
2496:
2486:
2475:
2466:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2396:
2390:
2364:
2353:
2344:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2224:
2206:rubber trees
2191:
2185:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2123:and release
2107:
2091:
2080:noxious weed
2075:
2069:
2037:
2025:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1984:
1972:
1948:
1932:
1900:
1871:
1772:
1731:
1707:caffeic acid
1690:, including
1685:
1619:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:dent de lion
1542:
1536:
1533:Common names
1526:
1518:
1502:
1500:
1495:dent-de-lion
1472:
1455:of southern
1448:
1438:
1414:
1410:
1369:
1343:
1317:
1292:T. japonicum
1291:
1265:
1239:
1210:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1056:ceratophorum
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1012:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
977:
970:
966:T. japonicum
965:
961:
951:
925:
923:
912:
908:microspecies
901:
897:microspecies
890:
880:
872:
866:
861:
855:
848:
838:
830:
776:
771:
763:
760:microspecies
727:
725:
707:
687:
683:
673:
669:anemochorous
658:
652:
648:
644:
595:flower heads
588:
571:
553:
547:
537:dent-de-lion
534:
477:
467:
461:
457:
396:
395:
394:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
319:
299:
293:Type species
278:
277:
211:
198:
185:
172:
52:16.2–0
44:
38:
24:
20:
5028:iNaturalist
4860:Wikispecies
4755:14 December
4733:22 November
4449:: 825–853.
4343:(1): 1–10.
3359:"Dandelion"
3319:iNaturalist
3188:(1): 1915.
2581:McGraw-Hill
2551:WeedScience
2547:"Dandelion"
2350:"Taraxacum"
2118:pollinating
2048:butterflies
2044:Lepidoptera
1901:The flower
1895:αγριοράδικο
1889:agrioradiko
1867:Κοπροράδικο
1761:Bunches of
1735:, a serine
1733:Taraxalisin
1715:triterpenes
1692:polyphenols
1615:Wehani rice
1417:, 1737, by
1411:Dens Leonis
962:T. coreanum
877:hawksbeards
850:Hypochaeris
783:vortex ring
718:Segment of
694:Description
688:Spectabilia
584:pollination
568:pollinators
550:flower head
529:; from
307:F. H. Wigg.
285:F. H. Wigg.
244:Subfamily:
192:Angiosperms
5200:Categories
4380:16 October
4037:0713519371
3640:Frapez.com
3487:tarashaqun
3409:floras of
3133:31 October
2627:"blowball"
2603:"blowball"
2587:26 January
2573:"blowball"
2236:References
2180:See also:
1883:πενταράμια
1877:pentaramia
1765:dandelion
1748:Properties
1737:proteinase
1711:terpenoids
1696:flavonoids
1694:, such as
1587:dog pisses
1567:piss-a-bed
1539:corruption
1240:T. albidum
913:About 235
841:Asteraceae
819:Hawksbeard
740:herbaceous
732:tap-rooted
458:dandelions
454:Asteraceae
341:Caramanica
268:Crepidinae
264:Subtribe:
258:Cichorieae
238:Asteraceae
5206:Taraxacum
4981:Taraxacum
4950:FloraBase
4916:Taraxacum
4866:Taraxacum
4836:Taraxacum
4795:Taraxacum
4707:247499662
4498:0097-7136
4492:: 37–39.
4463:0008-4220
4287:2250-1177
4230:: 89–98.
4190:1422-0067
4149:2320-4850
4090:2304-8158
4046:219915765
3849:0014-5793
3722:Taraxacum
3383:29 August
3274:29 August
3252:29 August
3210:2045-2322
3052:Taraxacum
2957:988948576
2863:198429309
2855:2469-990X
2505:0261-3077
2391:Taraxacum
2310:Taraxacum
2003:Taraxacum
1969:Herbalism
1945:Allergies
1923:root beer
1824:Slovenian
1753:Edibility
1703:quercetin
1656:, and 1%
1646:manganese
1638:potassium
1605:Nutrition
1573:pissenlit
1556:wet-a-bed
1552:pee-a-bed
1548:faceclock
1527:tarasacon
1519:Taraxacum
1503:Taraxacum
1481:Etymology
1474:Mayflower
1447:seeds of
1381:Cultivars
926:Taraxacum
919:polyploid
915:apomictic
873:Hieracium
869:hawkweeds
858:coltsfoot
803:Tatarstan
764:Taraxacum
748:triploids
744:temperate
736:perennial
728:Taraxacum
684:Palustria
645:blowballs
576:asexually
572:Taraxacum
526:-də-ly-ən
478:dandelion
397:Taraxacum
373:Wendelboa
320:See text
279:Taraxacum
228:Asterales
162:Kingdom:
45:Taraxacum
21:Taraxacum
5165:VicFlora
5154:VASCAN:
5147:40010269
5142:Tropicos
5046:328762-2
4911:eFloraSA
4845:Wikidata
4699:35296847
4628:16 April
4471:85676502
4357:27568784
4252:25682510
4208:34830309
4108:36140985
3958:16 March
3865:43872064
3797:10521720
3748:16950583
3459:17 April
3407:Pliocene
3399:Pliocene
3299:17 April
3228:30760810
3032:17903814
2924:36445222
2802:52988814
2794:30333579
2727:(2010).
2725:Stace CA
2510:29 April
2458:36662824
2418:PLOS ONE
2295:28182646
2255:PLOS ONE
2125:ethylene
1792:blanched
1769:for sale
1699:apigenin
1676:Calories
1579:diuretic
1515:Ibn Sīnā
1507:medieval
1453:Pliocene
960:between
904:sections
805:, Russia
768:ruderals
756:endemism
752:apomixis
654:cypselae
580:apomixis
357:Lasiopus
327:Synonyms
314:Species
234:Family:
218:Asterids
205:Eudicots
5007:8322495
4813:3 April
4679:Bibcode
4553:7 March
4490:Audubon
4322:1838315
4232:Bibcode
4199:8620047
4099:9498421
4011:7 March
3857:9824298
3827:Bibcode
3768:27 June
3702:7 March
3403:Belarus
3324:2 March
3219:6374447
3190:Bibcode
3082:2430530
3012:Bibcode
2915:9797189
2825:Bibcode
2774:Bibcode
2674:"clock"
2653:Pearson
2449:9858760
2426:Bibcode
2336:1222201
2286:5300115
2263:Bibcode
2121:insects
2114:taproot
2008:Linaria
1861:Μαριάκι
1832:Chinese
1800:spinach
1796:sauteed
1788:taproot
1776:Eurasia
1763:organic
1669:⁄
1654:protein
1634:calcium
1595:maskros
1591:Swedish
1583:pisacan
1511:Al-Razi
1457:Belarus
1441:Eurasia
1401:History
1174:vulgare
1172:subsp.
1084:(i.e.,
1054:subsp.
660:achenes
641:florets
634:⁄
620:⁄
606:⁄
591:rosette
570:. Many
349:Eriopus
274:Genus:
254:Tribe:
224:Order:
166:Plantae
5116:PLANTS
5108:524978
5092:NZOR:
4994:132314
4968:132314
4877:195326
4874:APDB:
4851:Q30024
4705:
4697:
4671:Nature
4650:3 July
4606:3 July
4578:
4541:Anon.
4496:
4469:
4461:
4355:
4320:
4285:
4250:
4206:
4196:
4188:
4147:
4106:
4096:
4088:
4044:
4034:
3983:
3918:
3889:24 May
3863:
3855:
3847:
3795:
3746:
3675:3 July
3653:30 May
3631:Anon.
3576:
3526:
3481:). In
3431:
3411:Europe
3226:
3216:
3208:
3156:
3105:
3080:
3030:
2978:
2955:
2945:
2922:
2912:
2861:
2853:
2800:
2792:
2766:Nature
2737:
2704:13 May
2658:2 June
2503:
2456:
2446:
2334:
2293:
2283:
2112:; its
2040:larvae
2034:Leaves
2022:Nectar
2016:Nectar
1935:powder
1907:citrus
1903:petals
1844:) and
1767:greens
1727:lutein
1723:inulin
1717:, and
1644:, and
1628:, and
1599:thrips
1491:French
1445:Fossil
1388:blanch
1168:(syn.
958:hybrid
881:Crepis
875:) and
779:pappus
720:pappus
680:sepals
676:bracts
665:pappus
649:clocks
564:nectar
555:floret
531:French
474:edible
5216:Herbs
5121:TARAX
5085:49743
5059:36199
5033:47603
5020:11886
4976:FoAO2
4955:22292
4942:1TARG
4929:49106
4890:80458
4703:S2CID
4467:S2CID
4445:(4).
4068:Foods
3861:S2CID
3647:(PDF)
3636:(PDF)
3547:(PDF)
3078:JSTOR
3028:S2CID
2882:eLife
2859:S2CID
2798:S2CID
2762:(PDF)
2332:JSTOR
2315:Taxon
2216:Notes
2204:from
2188:latex
2052:moths
1998:Seeds
1886:) or
1850:Crete
1848:. In
1841:χόρτα
1741:latex
1652:, 3%
1088:var.
627:latex
599:scape
543:genus
533:
446:genus
376:Soest
360:D.Don
352:D.Don
344:Tineo
212:Clade
199:Clade
186:Clade
173:Clade
5157:1740
5129:POWO
5080:NCBI
5054:ITIS
5041:IPNI
5015:GRIN
5002:GBIF
4937:EPPO
4903:7SSF
4885:APNI
4815:2024
4757:2016
4735:2013
4695:PMID
4652:2010
4630:2024
4608:2010
4576:ISBN
4555:2011
4529:KTNA
4494:ISSN
4459:ISSN
4382:2023
4353:PMID
4318:PMID
4283:ISSN
4248:PMID
4204:PMID
4186:ISSN
4145:ISSN
4104:PMID
4086:ISSN
4042:OCLC
4032:ISBN
4013:2011
3981:ISBN
3960:2024
3916:ISBN
3891:2021
3853:PMID
3845:ISSN
3793:PMID
3770:2019
3744:PMID
3704:2011
3677:2010
3655:2010
3574:ISBN
3524:ISBN
3461:2017
3429:ISBN
3397:The
3385:2012
3326:2024
3301:2017
3276:2012
3254:2013
3224:PMID
3206:ISSN
3154:ISBN
3135:2023
3103:ISBN
2976:ISBN
2953:OCLC
2943:ISBN
2920:PMID
2851:ISSN
2790:PMID
2735:ISBN
2706:2024
2660:2019
2589:2013
2512:2024
2501:ISSN
2454:PMID
2291:PMID
2050:and
2010:spp.
1855:Μαρί
1782:. A
1778:and
1642:iron
1461:herb
964:and
917:and
730:are
686:and
335:List
60:PreꞒ
5178:WFO
5067:NBN
4989:FoC
4963:FNA
4924:EoL
4898:CoL
4687:doi
4675:603
4451:doi
4409:doi
4345:doi
4310:doi
4275:doi
4240:doi
4228:115
4194:PMC
4176:doi
4135:doi
4094:PMC
4076:doi
3835:doi
3823:437
3736:doi
3732:107
3570:210
3214:PMC
3198:doi
3068:doi
3020:doi
3008:301
2910:PMC
2900:hdl
2890:doi
2841:hdl
2833:doi
2782:doi
2770:562
2444:PMC
2434:doi
2324:doi
2281:PMC
2271:doi
2149:in
2054:).
2012:).
1939:dye
1929:Dye
1898:).
1658:fat
1413:in
647:or
578:by
524:DAN
448:of
5202::
5180::
5167::
5144::
5131::
5118::
5105::
5082::
5069::
5056::
5043::
5030::
5017::
5004::
4991::
4978::
4965::
4952::
4939::
4926::
4913::
4900::
4887::
4862::
4847::
4806:.
4723:.
4701:.
4693:.
4685:.
4673:.
4669:.
4545:.
4488:.
4465:.
4457:.
4443:82
4441:.
4421:^
4405:81
4403:.
4399:.
4373:.
4351:.
4341:76
4339:.
4316:.
4306:25
4304:.
4281:.
4271:10
4269:.
4246:.
4238:.
4226:.
4202:.
4192:.
4184:.
4172:22
4170:.
4166:.
4143:.
4129:.
4125:.
4102:.
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