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and traditionally proscribed
Islamic lifestyles staying that "as with many within hardcore and Straight Edge the religion that is practiced or found amongst individuals within Taqwacore is not that proscribed by or expected within Islamic dogma." Their lifestyles are personalized, "touring bands do not perform salat five times day and although shows will open with a communal prayer, it is men and women praying together so constitutes haram." Their actions are often the opposite of orthodox Islam. Some may be straight edge, which may be in accordance with traditional Islam, but some "will drink and smoke" and perform other acts that may be considered forbidden or "haram" in Islam, "Yet they still consider themselves Muslim’s and some would even describe themselves as religious Muslims."
686:, Mark Levine writes about the relationship of heavy metal and Islam and its history. While not the same specific genre of music, the book covers a wide variety of topics and talks about crowds at shows "dressed in strange combinations of metal, hip-hop, and punk attire." His book addresses the issues that arise with the combination of two seemingly separate cultures, in vivid imagery. He says that "one can see a teenager with green spiky hair and baggy hip-hop style clothing standing next to one in goth makeup, and a few feet away yet another in a black metal T-shirt who’s watching the show with his mother or aunt who may be dressed in a black, full-length abaya." An
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music is something that is of diaspora, with a mentality, identity crisis/allegiance, and musical texture that is caught somewhere between East and West and really belonging to neither. In some ways, Rai and early Chaabi, folk music from Wahran was very influential to me, because it was true people's music. It came from the ports, from the marginalized elements of society in a multicultural city, it spoke of socially taboo subjects. In a sense it was real rebel music. I was very influenced by that and, as delusional as this may sound, is something that I hope to speak to when I started out on this project.
550:. Many of the members of Taqwacore bands are Muslims, through their own interpretations of the religion. Some members, however, are not Muslim. The overarching theme of individual interpretation, as well as a break from Imams, Mainstream Islam, and Classical interpretations of the Qur'an are very prevalent in the music, yet some bands have bent or broken this initial tie with the overarching theme of Taqwacore, as their music deals with more issues than simply Islamic interpretation. Much of Taqwacore is rooted in the spirit of Punk: that of rebellion, political commentary, and activism.
726:. In his book, he writes, similar to other authors, about the Conversation and relationship between orthodox Islam, westernization, and the results of such. He comments on the orthodox community, arguing that "Even within the most orthodox communities, groups are taking up differing positions on various points, like the use of violence or the interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims", showing that a conversation exists even in what many view as a succinct group. He shows that what some Muslims call the
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formed in relation to the taqwacore movement, stating that "the questions of social inclusion or exclusion have raised new lines of connection within societies" and that this happens more often when individuals "sense of belonging transcends national borders linking to other cultural and social geographies and groupings", which is an essential theme in taqwacore music and the taqwacore movement. Many ideas of belonging to more than one culture is presented in taqwacore music through satire or dark humor.
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world. He writes that "The politics of Fun^da^mental is the politics of hip-hop, crossed with a punk Islam" and that the messages that are presented in their music encapsulate many different issues. These include "interventions around race and representation", the historic and recent deciding factor that started "the war of ‘terror’", as well as what he calls "a radical version of human rights activism."
189:, founder of Nation Records, stated that "Islam for me was more punk than punk" Knight's novel was instrumental in encouraging the growth of a contemporary North American Muslim punk movement, and many bands who used the term taqwacore were ones that traveled with Knight on the ISNA tour featured in the documentary. Thus, the taqwacore community is almost inseparable with Knight and his literature.
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730:, or the unified Muslim world, is in fact extremely divided. He says that when Muslims gather at different events, "the audience at any of these events includes the most obviously observant in traditional robes, city workers in neat trim beards, punk rock Muslim teenagers and the merely curious", showing the multitude of lifestyles amongst Muslims.
165:-fearing", and thus roughly denotes reverence and love of the divine. The scene is composed mainly of young Muslim artists living in the US and other Western countries, many of whom openly reject traditionalist interpretations of Islam, and thus live their own lifestyle within the religion or without.
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The taqwacore groups thus responded to their alienation, both from the Muslim community and from without. The
Kominas performed songs with controversial lyrics such as "suicide bomb the gap," and "Rumi was a homo." These were comments on social issues that spread through both the Muslim community and
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The all-female punk band Secret Trial Five wrote a song dedicated to their hate of the term
Taqwacore, titled "We're not Taqwacore" and can be heard on stage at one performance calling Taqwacore "bullshit", although many of their messages are consistent with the Taqwacore movement. Their lyrics read:
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In
Abraham Ibrahim's work on the Queer community of Muslims, "Sodomized by Religion": Fictional Representations of Queer Muslims in the West, he explores different representations of characters that have been systematically oppressed by the orthodox Islamic community. He writes about a few different
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I stopped trying to define Punk around the same time I stopped trying to define Islam. They aren't so far removed as you'd think. Both began in tremendous bursts of truth and vitality but seem to have lost something along the way—the energy, perhaps, that comes with knowing the world has never
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John Hutnyk writes more specifically about the band that is considered to be taqwacore by some Fun-Da-Men-Tal in "THE DIALECTICS OF EUROPEAN HIP-HOP: Fun^da^mental and the deathening silence." In his article, Hutnyk writes about the role of hip-hop and Islam in a political agenda within the musical
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music ideology in individuals lives, and how it potentially may relate to the taqwacore movement. As one fictional character in the novel was a
Straight Edge rocker, many of the real life musicians involved in the taqwacore scene are as well. She writes about the differences between their lifestyle
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event. When viewed in the film, many of the younger audience at first were confused, but later cheered for the bands. When the all-female band Secret Trial Five played on stage, security was called and the group was forced off stage. This was due to the ISNA convention rules of "no-female singers".
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Anyway, initially, "raicore" was a term that I came up with for Al-Thawra's music and put on our first
Myspace page back in 2006, because I couldn't think of any other way to describe it. Rai seemed like a natural place for this music to exist, because it was born from similar social phenomena. Our
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In Abdou
Mohamad's masters thesis for Queen's University titled "ANARCA-ISLAM", he explores what he considers to be a close knit relationship between Islam, Islamic law, and Anarchism. Anarchism has historically been associated with the punk movement, and is a reoccurring slogan in many punk rock,
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The disenchantment and desire to reach a conclusion or catharsis of creating a personal Islam for
Michael Muhammad Knight started with his Taqwacore project. The extreme nature of his fictional characters spoke to young Muslims around the world, and sparked a movement of "Taqwacore" labeled bands.
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When
Kourosh Poursalehi first read The Taqwacores, he took it to be a true account of real Muslims in the United States. He composed a song to Michael Muhammad Knight's poem "Muhammad was a Punk Rocker", and sent it to Knight in New York. Knight was extremely happy with what he heard, knowing that
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the band has been identified as being part of a genre called "taqwacore", but they now actively reject that association, as it not only limits them, but also, taqwacore has caused a racist, islamophobic and sensationalist media frenzy. it has also been wrongly reported that the inspiration behind
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The social movement linked with Knight's novels as well as the musical subculture raised great interest in the academic world. Along with punk, the subgenre has been a subject of cultural studies, religious studies, and more. The novel has allegedly been taught at a number of university courses.
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Our relationship with the taqwacore thing has been fairly unsteady. While we did participate in a lot of the media surrounding it, we didn't start out as a "taqwacore" band, because the project was already underway before I even had any idea that such a thing existed. We were hesitant to use the
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Another paper written by a number of masters students at the
Roskilde University write in Looking for Cultural Space Discourses of Identity Formation on the case of Taqwacore, on populations, groups, and individuals belonging in society. They write about a sense of belonging and how identity is
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Wendy Hsu writes that "Over-emphasizing the band members as “Muslim”, the press has overlooked the non-Islamic sides of the band’s music, image, and membership." She also writes that taqwacore is not limited to music but is "forming a network of friends, artists, bloggers, filmmakers, and other
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Fun-Da-Mental are an explicitly political and controversial band with an outspoken concern with social justice (particularly in regard to Britain's treatment of its Asian and Afro-Caribbean citizens) and have been described as "articulat(ing) eclectically a kind of militant Islamic-influenced,
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seen such positive force and fury and never would again. Both have suffered from sell-outs and hypocrites, but also from true believers whose devotion had crippled their creative drive. Both are viewed by outsiders as unified, cohesive communities when nothing can be further from the truth.
637:, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs in the U.S. Department of State. They were taken outside and questioned by a State Department agent, but allowed back in by ISNA officials. It was later learned that the ISNA staff was concerned over Knight's jacket bearing the
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A group of self-identified taqwacore bands traveled in a caravan style tour around the United States as a sort of recreation of Michael Muhammad Knight's original novel in 2007. This was the basis of the documentary on the movement. Bands that appeared in the film are as follows:
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outside of the community in America. The latter was a commentary on an Anti-Gay Imam from Brooklyn. The musicians also started a joke band named "Box Cutter Surprise", referencing the knives used to hijack planes on September 11. Marwan Kamel, from a band on tour called
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hardcore, and metal songs. Abdou observes that "as taken from academic texts by non- Muslims, is the recognition that resonances exist between Islam and anarchism." He considers the two as "not identical, but neither are they necessarily incompatible."
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The bands political messages are also linked with cultural questions, multiculturalism, and the interaction of the east and the west. Al-Thawra initially labeled themselves as "raicore", yet another portmanteau combining North African and Algerian
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he writes that "the security concerns about Muslims in the West are remarkably similar to the suspicions about homosexuals: they are not “true” members of the community, and they are quite possibly in league with foreign subversives"
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Knight is criticized for his participation in provocative articles, disrespectful attitude toward leaders of the American Muslim community, open admission of past apostasy (chronicled in his essay "Forget what is and is not Islam" in
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and was solidified in a new American style with the publication of Michael Muhammad Knight's novel. The novel focus's on a household of individual "punk" characters who live their lives according to their own interpretation of Islam.
534:'s led him to become a part of their community. This history of the Five Percenters allows him to feel empowered in his personal interpretation of Islam. He writes about his "conversion" and experiences in the community in his book.
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With bands reporting disenchantment with the role of taqwacore in their lives, the author himself wrote of confusion and self disenchantment in his book titled "Osama Van Halen" where he writes himself as a fictional character.
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his book had reached real Muslims similar to himself, and he played the song over and over. They ended up meeting in Boston, where with Basim Usmani, the Kominas were formed, and the seeds of their tour were planted.
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And the earth - We have spread it and cast therein firmly set mountains and caused to grow therein of every well-balanced thing. And We have made for you therein means of living and those for whom you are not
660:, Arabic for "revolution," said that the members created the group to shock audiences. These sentiments were also fueled by Knight's original desire to "find what people are pissed about and talk about it".
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There is not a definitive "taqwacore sound", and the scene is much more diverse now (2011) than the fictional one portrayed in Knight's novel, with artists incorporating various styles, ranging from
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Francis Stewart explores the role of punk in spiritual life in her article "Punk Rock Is My Religion" An Exploration of Straight Edge punk as a Surrogate of Religion. She questions the role of the
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The Kominas are one of the most famous taqwacore bands, and they have reached the digital ears of people all over the world, and have become interests of many academic articles and press.
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music and hardcore. He talks about his music and its cultural considerations, linking the ways in which Algerian Chaabi music can be considered rebel music, much like punk itself.
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During the Taqwacore tour that is featured in the documentary film, the group ended at the annual ISNA convention in Chicago. They played on stage using forged media passes at an
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Michael Muhammad Knight also gives public lectures from time to time on the varying subjects of his books, most recently (2011) on his book that deals with the history of the
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Although some bands were happy to be labeled as such, and others did reluctantly, the labeling of a punk band led to problems, much like any labeling can lead to problems.
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The Kominas, while still labeled taqwacore, have expressed discontent with their reviews focusing on the Muslim aspect of their music instead of aesthetics or politics.
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In the novel, Fasiq determines that since Allah sent down everything that is well balanced, and that humans can use them, cannabis is well balanced and permissible.
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476:"Amazing Ayyub made his niyya, read Ya Sin, and vanished. Beyond its function as an invisibility spell, Ya Sin doubled as a prayer for the dead and dying."
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471:"Michael Muhammad Knight then looked at Amazing Ayyub and immediately, clearly, understood him to be the last lonely survivor of an extinct race"
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After Knight's novel that experimented in his self-beheading, his discontent was not an end for his exploration in individualistic Islam
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The taqwacore groups also dealt with discrimination on the road of their tour. Other drivers flipped them off, or cursed at them.
584:"Vote Hezbollah does not promote violence or support any violent organizations. Peace, unity, and truth are our only strengths.”
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music. The genre of music is much more specific to topics of consideration, self-labeling, political framework, and ideology.
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223:, as he was from the San Antonio area, and the band was also from Texas. He later went on to form the band Vote Hezbollah.
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is a traditional cloak, or over garment worn in the Arab world by women for modesty, and also worn in different styles.
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One fictitious character in the novel named Fasiq, an Indonesian Muslim, openly smokes cannabis while reading the
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436:. His personal interpretation of Surat Al-Hijr is that the smoking of cannabis is permissible in Islam.
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is about punk Islam, where Michael Muhammad Knight imagined a community of Muslim radicals: mohawked
1167:"Noisy Asians or 'Asian Noise'?" In Disorienting Rhythms: The Politics of the New Asian Dance Music
857:"Kenneth Bruce Updike Jr | Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos"
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618:'s annual convention, in which he wrote of giving a "stink palm" to famous imam Siraj Wahhaj and
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Secret Trial Five, however, have stated that they do not associate themselves with taqwacore:
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Knight developed a reputation for his Muslim WakeUp! articles, particularly accounts of the
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1308:"Punk Rock Is My Religion" An Exploration of Straight Edge punk as a Surrogate of Religion
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Many academic articles, dissertations and masters theses have been written on the topic.
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Andersen, Asger; Lingner, Björn; Ernst, Nastasja; Tadini, Nicola; Coelli, Trent (2010),
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Saini, Angela (2004). ""Islam for me was more punk than punk": Aki Nawaz interviewed".
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The ragged group gathered outside of the building and broke a guitar on the pavement.
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emerged, solidifying the first examples of UK Muslim generated punk. In an interview,
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Looking for Cultural Space Discourses of Identity Formation on the case of Taqwacore
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works, including Michael Muhammad Knight's work "Bilal's Bread" and a film titled
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1293:"Sodomized by Religion": Fictional Representations of Queer Muslims in the West
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Amil Khan addresses similar issues, but on a wider spectrum in his book titled
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secret trial five are the writings of michael muhammad knight: which is false
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Heavy metal Islam: rock, resistance, and the struggle for the soul of Islam''
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fraudulently obtained media passes and sneaked into the press conference of
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THE DIALECTICS OF EUROPEAN HIP-HOP Fun^da^mental and the deathening silence
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Heavy metal Islam: rock, resistance, and the struggle for the soul of Islam
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term, and reluctantly accepted it later on, only to be disillusioned again.
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161:" (تقوى), which is usually translated as "piety" or the quality of being "
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Knight's personal disenchantment came to a catharsis in his latest book
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Muslim punk music dates at least to the 1979 founding of British band
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and the Sagg Taqwacore Syndicate. Other bands on the scene include,
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The concept of an individual's Islam is historically popular with
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members. The Kominas is a Pakistani punk band from the suburbs of
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and engaging in a romantic encounter with a young Muslim woman.
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1388:"Islamic Street Preachers: From Boston to Lahore & Beyond"
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The Long Struggle: The Seeds of the Muslim World's Frustration
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The Long Struggle: The Seeds of the Muslim World's Frustration
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This article is about the music movement. For other uses, see
1280:, Roskilde University Department of Society and Globalisation
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409:, but did not limit the term taqwacore to only these groups.
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enthusiasts around the self-identified label of taqwacore."
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and vocals), Arjun Ray (guitar and vocals), and Karna Ray (
135:, its culture, and interpretation. Originally conceived in
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1378:"Young Muslims Build a Subculture on an Underground Book"
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Michael Muhammad Knight, The Taqwacores, Soft Skull Press
1182:"Invasion of the Taqwa-Punks: The 2005 ISNA Convention"
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Taqwacore as coined had a definite bond with Islam,
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Vote Hezbollah, fronted by Kourosh, an Iranian from
952:"Surat Al-Hijr - The Noble Qur'an - القرآن الكريم"
831:"Sagg Taqwacore Syndicate: an unlikely taqwacore?"
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458:can be seen smoking hashish while in Pakistan.
313:band fronted by Sena, a Pakistani lesbian from
192:The first bands to use the term taqwacore are
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1203:"Taqwacore: The Real Muslim Punk Underground"
1325:, Queen’s University Department of Sociology
1295:, TOPIA Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies
922:
920:
863:
765:"Whatever happened to that Asian punk band?"
452:Many band members in the recent documentary
364:punk", Sagg Taqwacore Syndicate are rap and
1420:"Muhammad Rocked the Casbah by Lydia Craft"
1043:"Nevermind the Islam. The Kominas are punk"
575:Marwan from Al-Thawra, Email-correspondence
491:Marwan from Al-Thawra, Email Correspondence
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581:pro-Black anti-racist identity politics."
343:Secret Trial Five, About Me on the Website
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219:Pourlaselhi was heavily influenced by the
1061:"Secret Trial Five - We're not Taqwacore"
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599:), heretical attitudes, embrace of the
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1180:Michael Muhammad Knight (2005-09-13).
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1140:"Taqwacore: The Birth of Punk Islam"
995:"Taqwacore: The Birth of Punk Islam"
763:Manzoor, Sarfraz (10 January 2010).
252:. The members include Basim Usmani (
1306:Stewart, Francis Elizabeth (2011),
1041:Abdulrahim, Raja (12 August 2009).
607:and often rebellious treatment of
177:. In the 1990s, Nation Records act
13:
596:Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out
455:Taqwacore: The Birth of Punk Islam
356:, and musical traditions from the
212:and other bands under SG-Records.
14:
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2057:Animal rights and punk subculture
1371:
1090:Knight, Michael Muhammad (2010),
1015:Knight, Michael Muhammad (2009),
927:Knight, Michael Muhammad (2004),
805:Knight, Michael Muhammad (2007),
461:
376:", based on North African Arabic
983:Quran Surah Al-Hijr ( Verse 20 )
972:Quran Surah Al-Hijr ( Verse 19 )
900:"About | Secret Trial Five"
627:Islamic Society of North America
616:Islamic Society of North America
2042:List of punk compilation albums
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1071:from the original on 2021-12-22
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740:Liberal movements within Islam
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625:At the 2005 convention of the
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1:
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256:and vocals), Shahjehan Khan (
68:1990s, European and American
1229:"UT College of Liberal Arts"
874:"Muhammad Rocked the Casbah"
507:than dick around with drunks
405:with band patches, skinhead
7:
2047:List of punk rock festivals
1433:/ Review of the Documentary
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221:Fearless Iranians from Hell
10:
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2168:Multiculturalism and Islam
2001:Second wave punk musicians
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23:Genre of Islamic punk rock
18:Taqwacore (disambiguation)
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1996:First wave punk musicians
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1291:Abraham, Ibrahim (2008),
1092:Why I Am a Five Percenter
605:Nation of Gods and Earths
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528:Why I am a Five Percenter
513:and neither is this fight
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794:. www.openDemocracy.net.
504:rather hang with taliban
1321:Abdou, Mohamed (2009),
1165:Sanjay, Sharma (1996),
137:Michael Muhammad Knight
1416:webpage at Autonomedia
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516:and we weren't birthed
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447:
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346:
330:
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2137:Timeline of punk rock
2067:Death of Brian Deneke
1677:Progressive metalcore
1336:Hutnyk, John (2006),
1250:LeVine, Mark (2008),
639:Alternative Tentacles
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510:muhammad wasn't white
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368:inspired music while
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1963:Scottish Gaelic punk
1067:. 13 December 2010.
1021:, Soft Skull Press,
931:, Soft Skull Press,
745:Jihadism and hip-hop
183:Asian Dub Foundation
2005:List of punk bands
1351:Khan, Amil (2010),
1094:, Tarcher/Penguin,
837:on 7 September 2012
548:Islam and anarchism
76:Typical instruments
70:Islamic communities
2131:List of punk films
2026:Women in punk rock
1549:Christian hardcore
1422:, "Texas Observer"
1231:. 18 February 2015
1115:"Page Redirection"
880:. 14 December 2007
878:The Texas Observer
384:Links to the novel
331:
276:
236:
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2062:Conservative Punk
1989:People and groups
1672:Melodic metalcore
1615:Beatdown hardcore
1362:978-1-84694-368-3
1263:978-0-307-35339-9
1101:978-1-58542-868-7
1047:Los Angeles Times
1028:978-1-59376-242-1
938:978-1-59376-229-2
816:978-1-59376-240-7
544:progressive Islam
519:by michael knight
440:19 and 20 state:
329:Secret Trial Five
301:Secret Trial Five
202:Secret Trial Five
127:is a subgenre of
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34:Stylistic origins
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2163:Punk rock genres
2035:Related articles
1813:Alternative rock
1635:Melodic hardcore
1625:Digital hardcore
1620:Crossover thrash
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1427:Official Website
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65:Cultural origins
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2107:Punk literature
2102:Punk visual art
2097:Punk ideologies
2087:Punk subculture
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2021:Punk filmmakers
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1770:Punk pathetique
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1406:Pangea Magazine
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1544:Christian punk
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1506:Subgenres and
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1412:The Taqwacores
1408:
1404:on Taqwacore,
1395:
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1382:New York Times
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1372:External links
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1355:, Zero Books,
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1209:. 25 July 2009
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1904:List of bands
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1146:on 7 May 2016
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175:Alien Kulture
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131:dealing with
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2117:Puntala-rock
2092:Punk fashion
1863:Thrash metal
1693:
1660:Nintendocore
1515:Anarcho-punk
1426:
1411:
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1394:, April 2007
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1323:ANARCA-ISLAM
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1233:. Retrieved
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
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1186:. Retrieved
1175:
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1148:. Retrieved
1144:the original
1118:. Retrieved
1109:
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1073:. Retrieved
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998:. Retrieved
989:
978:
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955:. Retrieved
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904:the original
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882:. Retrieved
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835:the original
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773:. Retrieved
769:The Guardian
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635:Karen Hughes
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358:Muslim world
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102:Other topics
1958:Celtic punk
1926:Netherlands
1858:Speed metal
1818:Gothic rock
1792:Street punk
1755:Psychobilly
1726:Street punk
1711:Latino punk
1706:Horror punk
1630:Krishnacore
1605:Garage punk
1593:Celtic punk
1483:Garage rock
1398:Photography
1235:18 February
1213:18 February
1169:, Zed Books
1150:18 February
1138:Wendy Hsu.
1120:18 February
1075:18 February
1000:18 February
957:18 February
884:18 February
841:18 February
664:In academia
631:the Kominas
620:Cat Stevens
588:Controversy
399:riot grrrls
296:San Antonio
291:Diacritical
242:The Kominas
234:The Kominas
208:, Sarmust,
194:The Kominas
147:portmanteau
88:bass guitar
46:heavy metal
2152:Categories
2127:Punk films
1980:Yugoslavia
1974:California
1877:By country
1868:Visual kei
1843:Noise rock
1833:Industrial
1760:Punk blues
1743:Skate punk
1699:Thrashcore
1689:Riot grrrl
1598:Gypsy punk
1561:Dance-punk
1537:Avant-punk
1520:Crust punk
1488:Proto-punk
1476:Precursors
1402:Kim Badawi
1188:2008-01-15
910:2011-11-07
775:10 January
751:References
445:providers.
305:all-female
153:" and the
129:punk music
2158:Taqwacore
2112:Punk zine
2072:DIY ethic
2052:Afro-punk
1946:Trallpunk
1884:Australia
1848:Post-punk
1797:Surf punk
1765:Punk jazz
1716:Nazi punk
1694:Taqwacore
1684:Queercore
1655:Crunkcore
1645:Deathcore
1640:Metalcore
1588:Anti-folk
1583:Folk punk
1493:Glam punk
1469:Punk rock
658:Al-Thawra
370:Al-Thawra
362:Bollywood
315:Vancouver
311:punk rock
282:Al-Thawra
274:Al Thawra
187:Aki Nawaz
125:Taqwacore
110:Sufi rock
41:Punk rock
29:Taqwacore
1941:Könsrock
1838:New wave
1787:Ska punk
1775:Punk rap
1733:Pop-punk
1667:Mathcore
1566:Egg punk
1532:Art punk
1392:Guardian
1069:Archived
771:. London
734:See also
646:open mic
609:Muhammad
573:—
489:—
425:—
341:—
308:Canadian
206:Fedayeen
151:hardcore
2077:Moshing
1916:Germany
1899:Estonia
1780:Emo rap
1576:Emo rap
1556:Cowpunk
1207:NPR.org
1065:YouTube
374:raicore
354:hip-hop
286:Chicago
169:History
2082:Poseur
1936:Sweden
1921:Greece
1911:France
1894:Canada
1889:Brazil
1828:Grunge
1738:2 Tone
1525:D-beat
1414:(book)
1359:
1260:
1098:
1025:
935:
813:
641:logo.
538:Themes
414:Sufism
407:Shi’as
403:burqas
366:techno
258:guitar
246:Boston
157:word "
155:Arabic
83:Guitar
51:Sufism
1931:Spain
1853:Scene
1823:Grebo
728:Ummah
688:abaya
438:Ayats
434:Quran
395:Sufis
303:, an
262:drums
159:taqwa
133:Islam
115:Taqwa
93:drums
1357:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1237:2015
1215:2015
1152:2015
1122:2015
1096:ISBN
1077:2015
1023:ISBN
1002:2015
959:2015
933:ISBN
886:2015
843:2015
811:ISBN
777:2010
603:and
546:and
350:punk
254:bass
181:and
149:of "
2014:L–Z
2009:#–K
1721:Oi!
1571:Emo
1400:by
682:In
563:raï
401:in
378:Raï
352:to
337:...
163:God
2154::
1390:,
1380:,
1205:.
1130:^
1063:.
1045:.
919:^
876:.
865:^
767:.
676:.
611:.
397:,
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248:,
210:KB
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2129:(
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1972:(
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20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.